Modern Gymnast - March 1965 by USA Gymnastics

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MARCH,

1965- SOc

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Over 300 crystal-clear photos and explanations provide the key to mastering basic individual tumbling techniques. The stunts progress logically and naturallyeach follows from the preceding one. Includes forward and backward rolls; somersaults, heel balance, handsprings, and more. 96 pp., illus. (45) $3.50

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MG SUBSCRIPTION BOOSTERS Chic Johnson, Californio J. Douglas Alt, Massachusetts Dick Smith. Oreaon Gilles A ubry, Conada Jerrold Klingbeil, illinOIS A lon W m . Weigh, Illino is Ron Wa lden , Illinois Irwi n " Diz ll Davidson , New Yo rk

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Clinton Smith, Illinois Robert Hess, New York Steve W ides , Colorado Harold W. Bjerke. New York Michael

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Here is a sure-fire guide for developing winning form in gymnastic competition! Famous gymnasts reveal their secrets through a special five-step program that leads to quick master y in each event. These enjoyable routines range from simple to difficult , and are suitable fo r all levels of age and skill. Throughout . the book shows how individual stunts can be built into planned gymnastic compositions. Co mplete official rules are included. 265 pp .• iI/lis. (235) $5.00

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Louisiana

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98 57

':in i9

16 16

13 13 11 11 10 10 10 8 7 6

234

I;I. C'tI Y__ .... ...'________ ......................................................... _____. _

452 442 353 193

March '65 1518 658 826 461 266

185 184 161 157

228 213 162 198

Sept. '64 768

145 130 103

98 91 91 86 85

71 59

50 49

45 39 38 36

30 28 27

20 19 18 18 17

Maine

Nevada

15 14

Hawaii Montana

I o Check enclosed o Send 'COD I I ~ame ........ ········.. ·· ..···..···..············..······-MG:2 .. t Address L~

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North Carolina North Dakota

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Michigan Washington Texas

198

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W isconsin Arizona

233

those who ha ve

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have sen t

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POSTURE EXERCISE HANDBOOK A Progressive Sequence Approach

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MG TOP SUBSCRIPTION BOOSTERS High Group: Charlie Po nd & Associotes, IlIiHigh Group : Charlie Pond & Associotes, Illinois, 118; High Gymnast: J. Douglos Alt, Mass., 57; Other Top Coaches: Jose ph Giallombardo, Illi-

Wyoming Rhode Island Kentucky Idaho Sou th Carolina Ver m on t

New

Hampshire

Puerto

Rico

Alaska Arkansas M iss issippi

Virgin Islands USA TOTAL

8 8 8 8 7 6 5 5

5 4

2 2 2

4431

263 170

160 107

140 124 104 150

190 88 99

123 66 49 57 67 94

32 55

30 40

19 39 28 8 49

18 17

14 29 11 14

13 6

6 8 8

2 6

6 1 1 7067

;<r.

NOTES

FROM

THE '~EDI~OR

COVER: Pictured on the cover of this edition is a photo taken by your editor of the Swiss Gymnastic exhibition under the direction of Joseph Stadler at the 3rd Gymnaestrada. This was just one of the many events in the 5 day festival held in Stuttgart, Germany in 1961.

The 4th GYM JAESTRADA will. be held in Vienna, Austria from July 20 to 24th ... We have been getting regular press releases from Vienna concerning this great International event. From these communications we have learned that the Japanese Olympic team will be there in full ... Many from the Russian team, Caslanka from Czechoslovakia, Cerar from Yugoslavia and many other top gymnasts from all over the world will take part in the demonstrations and exhibitions ... 700 from Norway, 800 from Finland, by land, sea 'and air they will come .. . 500 are coming on a boat down the Danube from Czechoslovakia (they will live and eat on the boat ) Mexico will send a delegation and New Zealand is sending a group to perform. There will be over 300 different demonstrations during the five day event, with thousands on the stadium field doing mass calisthenics at one time. Your Editor will also tty to be on hand to bring you a first hand report in photos and type of this Inter· national Physical Education event. (We hope many of our readers will also be able to attend).

THIS EDITIO J: More on the Olympics, Means-Modes-Medians, statisMen's routines of the top finalists . . . 8 pages tics by Dick Criley of sequence photos of Gold Medal winners, Endo· and Caslavska. Plus "Rope Belongs" a controversial report by world record holder Paul Davis. (In your Editor's opinion .. . Rope belongs, but it belongs in Track and Field ) .. . Also with this edition we begin a series on Judging as a regular feature of the M.G. edited by Roy Davis .. . Do you have judging problems, ideas critisms or suggestions? Then Roy wants to know about it to put all these findings together for better understanding and judging.

NEXT EDITION: More Olympic sequence photo routines . . . More statistics by Criley . . . Part II of Larry Banner's Olympic Report . . . Report on the AAHPER Convention in Dallas . . . Plus competition results and Instructional helps .

SUBSCRIPTIONS: As shown by our subscription barometer the M.G. followin g is growing . . . but we need your help to get to that 10,000 goal by June . . . So if yo u haven't sent in at least one new subscription ... do it NOW! !! Take a look at your State's subscription list . .. has it doubled with your help or ??? California with 750 new subscribers has almost doubled as has Illinois (outnumbering New York for the first time ) with close to 400 new subscribers. . . . Kansas with 73 new subs more than doubled, Nebra~ka almost tripled as they jumped from 36 to 94, tah doubled with 20, Indiana with 106 new MG boosters more than doubled, Louisiana went over 100% , Nevada tripled, and Montana rose almost fourfold. Alaska and Arkansas with 4 new subscribers each gained 200 % and we are sorry to report we did not reach Maine or Mississippi who dropped 50% . We realize we are asking much of yo u to go out of your way to help the M.G. reach a goal of 10,000 subscribers and that you have already shown good faith by yo ur own personal subscription . . . You could rightly say this should be done by our subscription department, and you are right . . . the problem is a subscription dept. takes personnel and money and at this point we are short on both .. . Our Special Olympic edition cost almost double to publish, but there was no extra charge to subscribers, we have put the last 4 issues in envelopes to insure they arrive in your hands in good condition, we have used full color center spreads to brighten the M.G. for your enjoyment. We are doing all we can to make the magazine better for you our readers ... So if you like what we are doing and want even more improvement . . . then join our subscription staff ... as many already have and get at least one or more new subscriber (s) for the M.G. from your area . . . Be an M.G. sub· scription Booster Now!!! !

VOLUME VII

MARCH, 1965 NUMBER 3 CONTENTS NOTES FROM THE EDITOR ____ GLENN SUNDBY 5 CHALK TALK __________ __ ________ ___ __________ _________ ____ . ____ . 6 OLYMPIC SYSTEM TO INTERCOLLEGIATE ___ _ Carl

Patterson

IS IT POSSIBLE? ______ ______ ________ Robert Freeman 7 B-OP.E BELONGS ____ •__ ______ ______ ______ ___ Paul Davis 8 RESEARCH AND FITNESS ________ James S. Bosco 9 USGF DIRECTOR'S REPORT ________ Frank Bare 10 J·UDGING COMMENTS _____ _____ ______________ _________ _____ 12 GYMNASTICS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION ___ _ A. B. Frederick 14 MEANS-MODES-MEDIANS ________ ____ __ Dick Criley 16 OLYMPIC WINNING ROUTINES _________ 18 OLYMPIC FINALS SEQUENCE PHOTO ROUTINES ____ ___________________ ____ __ _______ 19 ENDO'S OLYMPIC P. BAR ROUTINE _____ _______ ____ 20 CASLAVASKA'S UNEVEN P. BAR ROUTINE ____ 24 CARBON COpy ______ _______________ ____ ___ Herb Vogel 28 HELPFUL HINTS _______ _______ ______ ________ J im Farkas 30 QUESTIONS AND POINTERS _____ Art Shurlock 31 TRAMPOLINING ________ ___ ____________ _Jess Robinson 32 NOTES FROM A NEUROTIC JUDGE ________ ___ ___ __ Roy Davis 34

WHAT'S THE SCORE? ______________ _.Jerry Wright 36 LETTERS ____ _______ ______ ____________________ ___ ______ ____ ______ ___ __ 37

MAX J. RUDERIAN __________ Publisher GLENN

SUNDBY .. _....... _.. __ .. _Editor

A. BRUCE FREDERICK ____ Education Editor DR. JAMES S. BOSCO ______ Research Editor

THE MODERN GYMNAST is published by American Physical Fitness Research Institute , Inc., 410 Broadway, Santa Monica , California. Second class postalle paid at Santa Monica, Calif. PubI ished monthly except June, August and October which are combined w ith the previous month's issue. Price $4 .50 per year, SOc single copy. Subscription correspondence, THE MODERN GYMNAST, P. O. Box 611 , Sa nta Monica, California . Copyright 1965 © all right s reserved by AMERICAN PH'YSICAL FITNESS RESEARCH IN STITUTE, INC. , 410 Broadway, Santa Manica, California . All pictures and manuscripts submitted become the property of THE MODERN GYMNAST unless a return req uest and sufficient postage are included.

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OLYMPIC SOUVENIR While visitin g Coach Chet Phillips at Annapolis Academy recentl y, we took a snap of Chet and hi s able assista nt, Tom Darlin g with th e placqu e on th e entran ce wall of the gy lll. This placque contain s the Rin gs and a po rti on of the Rope use d in the 1932 Ol ymp ic ga mes. (Chet and his wife were on th e '36 Olympi c team.)

... Co ngratulatiOlls_ tt} yo u Joe on thi s well deserved step up in administration. fro r-. your many gym nastic friend s thr ()' ,~ ho ut th e USA.

WORLD'S FAIR Th e Famous Sprin gfi eld College Exhibi· ti on Gymnastic Team will be performing at Ih e World 's Fair in New York at the end of their tour season on May 14th. If you are in t he Arpa or at the fair try and be th ere a t the ri ght time to see this Wonder· ful Exhibition by the Springfi eld Team.

Th e No rth vs. So uth All·Star . . . girl s gymna stics champi onship . . . a " FIRST IN THE U.s.A ." Ap ril 10, 1965 . . . at th e Lakewood Hi gh School gym nasium, Long Beach, Cal. 7 :30 p.m. Adults 81.00 and Children (12 and und er ) .SOc. The nation's leading girl gy mnasts in a dual co mpeti tion ,vhich brin gs toge th er for the first tillie all the U.S.A.'s top per· formers in a team event. The royal blu e of the NORTH team again st the rocket red of th e SOUTH team in this first ann ual event should see one of th e keenest 'Com' pel'itions ill th e country un fo ld at 7 :30 p.m. at Lak ewood Hi gh School, on A pril 10th. Ol ympi c team performers . . .national champi ons . . . Reg ional and State cham · pions . . . and lates t group of youn gs ters who threaten to make the 1968 Ol ympi c T ea m . . . all together at one tim e.

ADAPTING THE OLYMPIC SYSTEM TO INTERCOLLEGIATE GYMNASTICS by A. Carl Patterson Coach of Gymnastics Temple University During the past year the National Collegiate Ath letic Association Gym nasti c Rules Committee made great strides toward the improvement and standardiza tion of Intercollegiate Gymnastics. The committee adopted a set of r ules that was accepted by most of Major Gymnastic Colleges and Conf erences in the nation. This was a grea t step forward because now it is possible to determine the National team champion by a dual match rather than a multi-team tournament. No longer will it be necessary for the champo inships to be a illarathon whic;' is boring to spectators and con testants alike. Th e purpose of this paper is to present ideas for rul e chan ges that mak e use of some of the advantages of the Olympic systeln to further increase the growth and development of the sport. There should be two sign ifi cant chan ges in the current rules. The fir st deals with the scoring system, the second is th e number of competitors in each ('ven t. Under present rules, in dual matches, a team scores six points for first place, four points for second place, down to one point for fifth place. Gymnasti cs are judged accardin " to th e Federation of Interna tional Gymn:sti cs ( F.I.G. ) code of points and rules for offi ciatin g. This is a system givin g an exercise a numerical rating based upon a predetermined method of comparin g that exercise against th e req uirements of an ex ercise that wi ll be ra ted a perfect ten (l0.0). Under current N.C.A.A. rules a gy mnast win s first place and six team points for ge tting the hi ghest score. It is relatively Ul?il~ 颅 pOl路tant how much he scores as long as It IS hi " her th an hi s comp etit ors. The really imp;rtant thing is not what num erical rating he receives but that it is hi gher than all others. In as much as th e F.I.G. rules are co ncerned primarily with giving an exercise a prop er numerical rating and not pla cin g him , placing should not determine team score. The rating he receives should be part of the team score whi ch it is in the Olymp ic Games and International Matches. It was for these types of matches that the F.I.G. sys. tem was designed. Under present N.C.A .A. rul es Team " A" might win first place in one event with a score of 9.6 while Team " B' 'win another with a rating of 7.9. Both teams are awarded six tea m points. Should the score be six to six or is th e real score 9.6 to 7.9, Gymnastics is in the unique position of being able to use the Jud ges raw scores as the team score. Why don' t we make use of thi s advanta"e This is not true in other sports. For e~a'mple, if a man High Jumps 6'7", another Broad Jumps 24'7" and a third runs a hund red yards in 10 seconds, there is no feasible way of combin in g these raw scores to make the team score. On the other hand gymnastic scores can be easily added as they always have been in the Olympic Games and International Nlat ches. The N.C.A.A. rul es should be chan ged so that th e top three scores for each tea m in each event are added to determine tea m score instead of awarding team points by place. Example:

Side Horse Team "A" 9.2 9.1 7.5 Event Total 25.8

T eam "B" 9.0 8.9 8.8 Event Total 26.7

Under the present N.C.A.A. the even t score shown by the above example would be ten points for Team "A" and six points for Team " B" . Which is the tru e example of th e score and team strength ? What does the score 10-6 indica te? It only shows that Team "A" was four points better than Team " B" on the Side Horse. The proposed, or Olym pic, scorin g system tells that \~a~l " B" received a hi gher total than Team A , it tells that Team " B" scored 26.7 points and T eam "A" 25.7 points out of a poss ible thirty and that based on the F.l.G. rules, of points Team "A" had an average of 8.6 and Team "B" average 8.9. If all meets are properly judged according to F.I.G. rul es, an average of 8.9 on the West Coast will be compa rable to the same average anywhere. What does it mean under present N.C.A .A. rules to a person in Illinois, if Team "A" defeats Team " Boo on th e Sid e Horse in a match in California? All of the event scores sho uld be added together to arrive at the total team score. Example: Team " A" Team " Boo 26.1 Floor Exercise 25 .8 25.8 Side Horse 26.7 24.2 Trampoline 25.1 26.5 Hori zon tal Bar 26.1 27.8 Lon g Horse 27.9 26.2 Parallel Bars 26.5 25.3 Still Rin gs 26.0 Total Score 181.9 184.1 You can tell imm ediately from lookin g at the scores the strength of each team . By usin" simple arithmetic you know that a team'" that sco res between 126 anel 147 ha s an avera "e between a six and a seven and th at a te"'am that scores over 189 points has an average over nine. In the example Team "A" has an average of 8.6 + and Team "B"'s average is 8.7+. You will be able to determine approximate team stren gth by lookin" at the total score. If a team in the East s~ores 182 points and another in the West scores 182 pain ts you will know these two teams should be evenly matched. What can you tell from a score under presen t N.C.A.A. rules? This proposed system of scorin g has other signifi ca nt advantages. Two or three men ca nnot win a team match. It takes a total team effort because the weaker men on the team are as important as the top men. It makes for better team spirit and cooperation becau se everyone work s to raise th e performance level of th e weaker members of the team. The second Importan t chan ge lI1 the N.C.A.A. rul es is concerned with the number of competi tors in an event. There should be four men from each tea m in an event instead of three. On e entry should be permitt ed to enter an unlimit ed number of even ts. This wo uld encourage th e all路around man without hurtin g the specialist. Under present N.C.A.A. rules, if a man is entered in th e all-around even t, it is so metim es necessary to let a bett er performer in an in dividual event sit on th e bench. If there are three 9 + Sid e Horse perform ers on a team and th e all-around man can only score 8.5 in thi s event , it is necessary to sacrifice on e of these men in ord er to have an all-around man. This does not see m fair to eith er the gymnast or the coach. Gymna sti cs is a growing sport. Each year more stud ents come to Colle"e with an interest in gymnas ti cs. The four"'man system helps to meet thi s need by giv in g more persons an opportunity to participate. Und er thi s system a full tea m

is eight or more members. Und er present N.C.A.A. rules two all-around men cou ld win th e team titl e. Th e fourth man is necessa ry in ord er for th e scorin g system to wo rk. Th e top three scores from each team are added together and the fourth sco re dropped. The fourth man acts as a buffer so that a poor performance by on e gym nast will not ruin the chan ces for the team. This is also borrowed from the Olympic system. In the Ol ympic games six men compete but only th e top five sco res are added to determine the team total. In concl usion the two sugges ted rul e cha nges are: 1. In dual matches the three high est individual sco res for each team will be add ed for each event. The total of the even t scores is the total tea m score. The team with the hi gher total score is the wi nner of the match. 2. In dual matches each tea m ca n ent er three or four men in each event. Each team may en ter one man in an unlimit ed number of even ts, the remaining members of th e team are limit ed to three events.

IS IT POSSI BLE FOR THE U.S . GYMNASTIC PROGRAM TO TAKE A LESSON FROM THE U.S. SWIMMING PROGRAMS? by Robert W. Freeman Morristown, New J ersey, YMCA Sixteen out of 22 Gold Medals for United Stat es Swimmers in th e recent Olympic Games is a rath er impressive accompli shment for our swimming programs. Such was not always the case with the American Olympic Swimming Teams. In 1956 th e U.S. Swimmers lon e Gold Medal Winner was an unusually dedicated Springfield College student by the name of Bill Y orzyk. His coach, professor Charles E. S ilvia, insisted that Bill observe certain basic mechanical and physiological and psychological principl es in regards to hi s swimming. Yorzyk's success in Melborne result ed in oth er sw imming coaches takin g these principles into considera tion. Th e U.S. sw im min g peo pl e were now und erway with ingredi ent numb er one K NOWLEDGE of th eir sport. In gredient number two was th e tremendous grow th of the AGE GROUP swimming program acro ss the nation. Some people claim that there are over 300,000 age group swimm ers in th e coun try today . Where do we stand in Gymnastics today. Do we have a Charles Silvia or Dr. Jim Councilman? Definitely yes, people lik e Ja ck Beckner, Jim Farkas, Abe Grossfi eld, Tom Maloney, Bill I\'l eade, Don Tonry to menti on a few. For th e women there is Marta Nagy. For some reason she is su ccessfull y tu cl<ed away in New York City. The powers that be res ist her, possibly because of her KNOWLEDGE. In gred ient number two, large AGE GROUP Program , which we do not ha ve as yet. Why? In the opinion of this writer, beca use we lack th e following: 1. Leadership- peopl e who have a knowledge of the sport like the 1000's of volunteer swimmin g coaches. 2. Jud ges-people who have a knowled ge of evaluating a gy mnasti c performance. 3. Facilities- a fl oor, long horse, sid e ']

horse, parallel bars, horizontal bar, still rings, balance beam, mats and a r euter board. The above are listed in order of importance .. If we get the knowledgable leadership, the other two will result. Knowledge Thru Compulsory Exercises Many people avoid entering or promoting Gymnastics because of its apparen t complexity-there seems to be a lack of a simple consistant measuring devise for evaluating performance such as a stop watch. If we allow this concept to continue to disco urage our potential age group gymnastic coaches we are displaying our lack of knowledge and initiative. We do have a phase of our sport which, used intelligently, provides an excellent introduction into the sport, not only for the coach and competitor, but also for the beginning judge. Compulsory exercises are that phase and below is what they can provide if put to use: 1. A set of routines for an interested, potential age group coach to teach his youngsters_ 2. An early education and appreciation for the artistic phase of the sport. (When all the children are doing the same routine the winner is that child who executes it with the best form. It is important to mention at this point that the writer believes the day would come when compulsory exercises alone will not sufficiently challenge the young gymnast. Just as the better age group swimming programs have outgrown competition made up exclusively of sprint events (25 and 50 yard races) . Many young swimmers are now being challenged with greater distances 100, 220 and 440 yards and longer events. These longer events require more knowledge and training. No longer does brute force alone win a swimming event, The Japanese use both compulsory and optional routines in their age group competitions. The Junior Hi gh age boy gymnast does a compulsory and optional on 3 events, Floor exercise, Horizontal Bar, and Long Horse vaulting. The High School boys compete in all six international events both compulsory and optional routines. 3. The beginning Gymnastic judge (judging compulsory exercises) learns the relatively simple rules of judging the EXECUTION of a routine. H e is not imnlediately overwhelmed by the other two phases of judging, (diffi culty and combination) . 4. Teach a healthy regard for the importance of compulsory exercises. Such a program, as mentioned above, has already been put into practice in the Ohio West Virginia Area YMCA Junior Gymnastic Competition with the following results: 1. Increased number of competitors in the Junior age group Area Championship. (YMCA's who n ever before entered the gymnastic competition viewed the films, of the compulsory exerci ses trained so me youngsters and entere d the Area Championships. 2. Increased the number of participants in the All Around Event. 3. Recruited and trained a number of new gymnastic judges. 4_ Taught a basic routine to many boys who otherwise would never have had a start. This writer attended an invitation competition a few weeks following the Ohio West Virginia Area Junior Gymnastic Championships, and found many of the same boys com pet-

in g but doing a "souped up" version of their Area Championship Compulsory exercise. In conclusion this writer would be happy to forwa rd a copy of the above mentioned compul sories to those interested â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;˘ > Write to: Robert W. f ~eeman, -Morristown YMCA, Morristown, New Jersey.

ROPE BELONGS!!! by Paul Davis Utterly ridiculous, it is, to eliminate rope climbing as a compe titi ve sport. In fact, it should be the Number On e national and Olympic activity. It was the first activity of man competing with nature to stay alive when he started on the road from anthropoid to Homo sapien. H e climbed down from the trees to make like a man , and then, when danger threa tened, scampered back up again on a hanging vine-or rope ! Before man learned to walk erect-he had to learn to climb. Before he could mIl on two feet, he had to be able to scamper up a rope. He had to climb a rope before using the javelin or shot put- before he could ride a horse, or sw im, or play basketball. Before all he does now in the Olympics (or out of it ) he first had to use his arms for climbing. In all seriousness, perhaps we had better step back to get a clearer look at where we are headed. Do we want a more complete, more diversified sports program for all to enjoy and test man's earthy skills or do we intend to continue to restrict events to those dictated to us by the fear of losing face in International competition? No sport or event can boast of the recent improvements in technique and broken records as in Rope Climb. Yet with the glory of this year's gymnastic season about to burst, the event will be rarely seen. The records may never again be challenged for the Gymnastic Federatiton and the N.C.A.A. have illogically eliminated ali Rope Climb competition. The Olympic Games included rope climbing as far bac.k as 1896. The last Olym pic climbers to display their climbing speed were in the 1932 Games. Raymond Bass of the U.S.A. climbed a 26 foot rope in thc then record-splitting time of 6.7 seconds. In spite of th e removal of Rope competition after the 1932 Olympics, the thrill oi climbing remained with athletes and U.S. national records kept improving. In 1944, Steven Greene officially set a record time of 4.0 seconds for the 20 foot climb. Evidently, no one had yet broken into the 3second bracket, for those were the days when climbers held their legs ex tended straight out in front of them in an " L" position. An d then it happened. Suddenly, in 1947, styl es of climbing radio cally changed, and so did the record book. Garvin Smith scaled up the 20 foot rop e using 9 strides and a reach, a coordinated leg kick, and a backward body lean in the unbelievable time of 3.4 seconds. But that was merely the beginning. The following year, Jack Hughes, a L06 Angeles area Hi gh School coach, improved the new style further by teaching an exaggerated backward body lean while allowing th e legs to drop from the " L" position. His protege had the name, now legendary, of Don Perry. The near horizontal position enabled Perry to take longer strides which he pulled down nearly to his waist. He took 7 strides and a reach, and at the age of 17, set the then world record for 20 feet of rope at 3.1 seconds. Later, with his revolutionary style, Perry broke every new record and was unbea ten and untied in over 100 meets of competition. In 1954, while attending U.C.L.A., he set the world record of 2.8

Above: A backward body lean and rapid long strides resulted in this 2.9 second climb.

seconds, still intact, though equalled today. Other climbers copied Perry's style. In 1958, several years after P erry's retirement, Garvin Smith (then 31 years old) and Robert Manning (at age 34) tied in a thrilling championship meet at 2.8 seconds. But these "veterans" were not the only fast climbers around. High school records were being lowered every year. The Los Angeles City High School 20 foot rope climb record fell from 3.8 secon ds in 1956 to 3.0 seconds ill 1960, and the C.LF. (California Interscholastic F ederation ) record was dropped to 2.9 secon ds in 1962 by 17 year old Steve Leidner. Leidner then tied P erry's world record of 2.8 second s during his senior year at high school. All of these climbers, without exception, used well-synchronized leg-kick and Hm movements while leanin g far backwards to get th e maximum reach. Only rope climbers using thi s style have been clocked at 3.0 seconds or faster. The fastest climbers not only all had a style in common, but also were all from the same area-Los Angeles. Whatever the reasons may be, perhaps a more complete high school gymnastic program (or, as some say humorously, simply a strong urge to get above the smog) the Los Angeles area hao produced the only rope climbers in the United States, if not the world, to climb 20 feet of rope in less than 3 seconds. The Los Angeles monopoly on fa st rO!Jc climbers has no doubt contributed to the removal of the event from National competition. But, instead of dropping rope because it is strong in one area, shouldn ' t it be encouraged and strengthened in the weaker areas? Rope Climb is still an event in a few high school systems and junior colleges in cities across the country, but the incentive for students to go out for this event has been killed by the removal of competition from the coll ege level. And what will become of the enthusiastic following who would look forward to the rope event-co untin g the strokes in a ca denced Go! Go! Go! as climbers streaked towards the tambourine. Are we attracting the mu ch needed spectator interest to gymnasti cs by removing colorful and exciting even ts? And why should the many athletes, and there are many, who want to compete in the event be denied the opportunity? Rope Climb will certainly be missed from gymnastic meets this season. We must bring it back for its continued enjoyment by spectators and competitors. The thrills and excitement of rOp'e climbing must be the backbone of gymnastic competition. LET'S GET IT BACK !

RESEARCH AND FITNESS

James S. Basco, Ph.D . Son Jose State Co ll ege

This is the third of a se ries of six articles dealing with the effects of participation in gymnastics activities on cardiovascular measures. A series is being planned in the area 0/ mechanical and kinesiological analysis of gymnastics activities. Please forward all articles to the above address. WIKSTROM, Robert B., " Effects . of Gymnasti c Trainin g on th e Progressive Pulse Ratio T est of Boys," Urbana : M.S. Thesis, University of Illinois, 1954. Pp. 64.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to determin e the eff ects of gymnastics trainin g on the cardiova scular effi ciency of yo un g boys as measured by the Progressive Pulse Ratio Test.

METHOD

The sin gle group ex perimental research pattern was used. The effects of a single exp erimental factor-gymnastic trainin g-was determined, as these eff ects were refl ected as chan ges in the scores of the Progress ive Pulse Ratio Test variables before (T-l) and after (T-2 ) the introduction of the experimental factor. The variables used were: (1 ) average pulse ratio, (2 ) an gle of inclination , and (3) angle between the 30 and 36 step pulse ratios. TIl e subj ects were twelve , healthy, white, youn g boys between the ages of fi ve and eleven years who performed gy mnastic exercises one day a week , three hours per day for an eight month period. The data obtained on each subj ect and for th e group were treated stati stically (critical ratio ) and graphi cally.

5. 6.

7. 8.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS (1 ) The average pulse ratio remain ed th e most stabl e variable of the three which were includ ed in the study. Only one subj ect made a significant decrease of .21 of a point in the average pulse rati o (5% levell . (2 ) The chan ges from T-l to T-2 in the an gle of inclination were signifi cant for two subj ects at the 5% level, two subj ects at th e 2% level, and four subj ects at the 1% level. Fi ve subj ects' angles of inclination decreased showing improvement in cardiovascular effici ency, the ran ge of chan ge bein g be路 tween 1 degree and 9 degrees. The other seven subj ects showed an in crease in th e an gle of inclination whi ch varied from 2 to 14 degrees. (3) Four subj ects mad e significant chan ges at the 1% level in the an gle between 30-36 step ratios. The remaining subjects mad e no sign ifi cant changes. The 30-36 step angles for eight subjects increased, the range bein g between 2 and 62 degrees. The other four subj ects' angl es decreased, the range bein g between 14 and 77 degrees. (4) The mean scores for the group for the average pulse ratio showed an increase from pre- to-post-trainin g testing of .028 of a point. The group average an gle of inclination increased 2.6 degrees and the group average angle between th e 30-36 step ratios decreased 1.1 degrees. None of th ese chan ges was significant. It was hypothesized that a more intensive type of gymnastic trainin g, involving prolonged endurance work, would have had a much more decisive eff ect on th e cardiovascular condition of th ese young boys, as these eff ects would be reflected in the Progressive Pulse Ratio Test scores. (5) a comparison of th e data obtained on th e young boys with normative tabl es for young men and adult men indicated that the yo un g boys not only tolerated exercise as well as the youn g men and the ad ult men, but they adj usted to an equal amount of exercise even more efficiently than did their more mature co unterparts.

9. 10.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR PROGRESSIVE PULSE RATIO TEST (STEPS) ':' (a) Seat subj ect 5 minutes. Count sitting pulse for 30 seconds. (b) After 30 seconds, co unt sitting pulse for 30 seconds again . (c) If pulse is stable, go on with th e . test. If not, count sitting pu lse again and co ntinue until two successive counts are the sa me. If there is still flu ctuation , use th e avera ge. Have the subj ect stand up . Count out the timin g of the steppin g at 5 seconds for each co mpl ete trip 12/min.), 2% seconds UP and 2% seconds DOWN. Demonstrate. Ask the subj ect to count th e number of trips he makes in on e minute at 12/ min . Start the subj ect on the even minute at the start of one revolution of the minute hand on a stop watch or suit abl e photo-t imer. Count for the subj ect so that one complete trip coincid es with 5 seconds on th e clock. Continue stepping for ex actly one minute. T ell the subj ect to sit down. Then after 10 second s, count pulse for 2 minutes, i. e., beg in the pulse co unt exactly 10 seconds after the even minute. Compute the pulse ratio and plot the second point while the subj ect remain s seated . This is done by di viding the cumulative 2-minute rate by the resting rate. Recheck the sitting pulse rate at least twice. Continue until the pulse is stabl e (卤 1 beat) and record in term s of beats/m in. Co unt th e rate of step pin g at 3.33 seconds for one complete trip, 18/min . Three trip s in 10 seconds. Demonstrate. Ask th e subj ect to co unt the numb er of steps or use a pulse counter. Step the subj ect at this rate for exactly 1 minute. At th e end , seat the subj ect and after 10 seconds, count the pulse for 2 minutes. Compute the pulse ratio. and plot the point. Aft er 2 to 3 minutes, check pulse at least twice for 15 seconds. Continue until the pulse rate is stable. Record th e sittin g rate. Explain the rate of stepp in g at路 24 steps/min. , 2% seconds per trip. Demonstrate. Ask the subj ect to co unt his trips. Step the subject for exactly one minute. Sit th e subject down and after 10 seconds, count th e pulse for 2 minutes. Repea t step 5. Explain to the subj ect the rate of steppi ng at 30/min. Demonstrate, one second UP and one second DO W N. Ask the subject to co unt the steps (dips) . Step th e subject for exactly one minute. Si t the subj ect down and after 10 second s, count the pu lse for .2 minut es. Compute th e pulse ratio and plot th e 4th point. Recheck the sittin g pulse rate at least twice and continue until the pulse is stabl e. Record the sitting rate. Explain the rate of steppin g at 36/min. Demon strate, or co unt out three trip s UP and DO W N in 5 seconds. Ask the subj ec t to co unt the number of steps and step the subj ect for exactly one minute. ':' Steps up and down on a 15-17" stool or bench.

TABLE I

Comparisan of Pre-Season and Post-Season Test Variab les Fo r The Group (N= 12) Var iab le

Average Pulse Ratio

2. 106

2.134

Angle of In c linat ion

5.2

7.8

D .028

Meas. .106

Level of Significance

.264

NS *

.765

30 - 36 Step 6.3 Angle (degrees) * Not Significant

5.2

-1. 1

3 .4 12.2

.090

7__

"'iZ

/i'2

2E2

2.K.

:;'29

2S2.

2.12..

I,.

/60

NS ;l.d/

2.6

7;2.

SAMPLE OF ACTUAL GRAPH 9

THE UNITED STATES GYMNASTICS FEDERATION P.O. Box 4699,

TUCSON, ARIZONA.

FRANK L. BA RE Executive Di rec t or

liTHE

FIRST

TWO

The ES. Gymnastics Federati on was fi ve years in the building. It began to fun ction formall y in J a nua ry of 1963. This yea r marked the beginnin g of the third yea r of operation and it wa s felt that a quick backwards to view the first two years mi ght be in ord er. It began with the printing of formal USGF stationery .. . th e names of the 1st USG F Exec utive Committee . . . Glenn Sundb y . . . Bud Marquette .. . Joe Giallombardo . . . Chet Phillips . . . Charlie Pond . .. Herb Vogel . .. Dick Clausen .. . Cha rles Calh oun and President Dr. Donald Boydston. The GSGF then was a post-office box and one small portable typewriter. From this beginning . . . and with the help and gu id ance of the names shown above it started . . . and went sort of like this . . . June 1963 ... The Ga lveston Gymnastic Festival ... with more than 300 yo ungsters spending three da ys workin g on sunny Galveston Island in Texas. Jun e 1963 . . . the First USG r National Open Champion ship at Maines East High School . .. in Des Plaines, Illin ois . .. with more than 125 entries . .. the first meet to use the 1964 Ol ympic com pulsories (a t national level I . July 1963 ... The top three trampolinists from the USGF Na tionals tour Germany. France and England . . . perform in Germany and England . . . Danny tIi!!man . . . George Hery . . . Fred Sa nders. Jul y 1963 ... The Ballet Trainin g session at Palm Beach , Florida . . . th e dream of Mrs. Grace Kaywell . . . and the gift of Mr. Frank Hale . . . has a dozen yo u ngsters working for three weeks under specia 1ized supervision . October 1963 ... Dann y Millman , defending USG F Trampoline Champ goes to Germany and brin gs home first place in the Fahrbach-Schustei路 Cup competitions . . . USG F's first gold medal! December 1963 .. . The second annual Western Clinic in Tucson, Arizona draws more than 300 participants in the week-lon g gymna stic event . . . and features for th e firs t time an EAST-W EST ALL-STAR meet. Ma rch 1964 . .. The USGF Trampoline team . .. of Frank Schmitz . . . Steve J ohnson . . . a nd Nancy Smith tours 6,000 miles of South Africa . . . and performs at eve ry stop in this bea utiful 6 week trip. 1st and 2nd (man 's) and 1st ( women 's) in the SOUTH AFRI CAN GAMES . (3 more USGF medals) . 1()

March 1964 ... The USGF sends Danny Millman and Ga ry Erwin' to take part in the first World's Trampoline Championship in London , England. Th e boy's finish 1st and 2nd in men's trampoline. (two more international places). April 1964 . . . the Second Annual USGF National Open Championships . . . at the University of Iowa . . . two divisions for boys and girls .. . more than 140 entries from California to Penn. , two-day event marked with great performances. April 1964 . . . first meeting of the USGF GOVERNING COUNCIL . . . and a long day spent in building a Constitution and la yi ng the groundwork for rules. April 1964 . . . The USG F send collegiate team to perform at the University of Sonora . . . Old Mexico . . . (Hermosillo ) . . . received well and presented with flowers during sports event there. August 1964 . . . The USG F prepares to print the AGEGROUP GYMNASTICS WORKBOOK . . . written by Jim Farkas (Milwaukee Turners) . . . and printed entirely by the USGF Press. 90 pages of age-group compulsories for American yo ungsters . November 1964 ... The BALLET for GYMNASTICS recordings . . . are off the presses . . . and they represent a great effort on the part of Mrs. Grace Ka ywell . . . who now is Ballet Consultant for the USGF and the techni cal kn ow-how, confidence and help of the Steppin g-Tones record ing company of Los Angeles, Calif. November 1964 . . . Second meeting of USG r Governing Council in Chicago, Ill. , sees election of Dr. Boydston to another year ... same with Mr. Clausen ... adds new names of Gordon Maddux, Gene Wettstone .. . Jackie Uphues .. . Mr. Al Willis ( Illinois HS Director). December 1964 .. . the Fourth Annual WESTERN CLINIC ... goes over the 600 mark in participants from all over the U.S.A. East-West all-star meet features .. . 4 Olympians from the 1964 team . .. and the defending World 's Trampoline champ and South African champ. January 1965 ... a first in cond ucting an Open Trial for the USC F Trampoline team to go to London for the 2nd World's Champi onship. A strictly trampoline trial at Southern Illinois University drawing nearly 2,000 spectators. Team of Schmitz, Erwin (men's) and Na ncy Smith and Judy Wills . . . brin g home all five first places . . . in this meet with 11 nation s

taking part. Erwin win 's trampolin e, Schmitz 2nd . . . Schmitz win't tumbling . . . Judy Wills win 's trampolin e, Smith 3rd and Jud y doubles winnin g tumblin g . . . and Erwin and Schmitz win synchronized event. (5 first places. ) Janu a ry 1965 .. . llSG F Rules Book published . .. and represents first printin g of forma l men's, women's ( FiG based) and trampoline rules all und er one cover . . . {or minimum charge makin g such rules availab le to everyo ne. January 1965 . . . USGF begin s printin g of GUIDE FOR COMP ETITIONS . . . well路 written guide for conduct of gymnastics meets,by Glenn Wilson of U. of Colorado . . . to be read y early in yea r 1965. I know I ha ve missed man y great events . .. carrying USG F San ctions and sponsorship. We felt it necessa ry not to include events ' not being introduced through or b y the USGF and yet give credit where it is d ue. I'd like to claim some credit for the grea t a nd bea utiful MODERN GYM NAST MAGA ZINE . . . but all such acclaim goes directl y to Glenn Sundb y who has been so dedicated to the sport and his magazine for the past yea rs that we are pleased just to relate he has doubled hi s subscripti on in this past two yea rs . . . and he did it! 1964 .. . saw us add such hard-workin g gymnastics people to our various workin g jobs as A. BRUCE FREDERICK - Chairman . .. Education Committee and Ernestine Russell Cart er- Chairman. .. Women's Technical .Committee . . . and the work mounts u p and ye t those who have seen fit to j oin in this program seem to enj oy the fact that it has been at times difficult. The USG F has gr own to two electric typewriters . . . an office four times the size we started with . . . our own printing equ ipment . . . numerous publications . . . nearl y 3,000 individual (paid ) gymnast memberships and over 500 coaches memberships . .. not to mention our formal gr oup membership. The NATIO NAL FEDERATION OF ST ATE HI GH SCHOOL ATHLETI CS ASSOC IATIONS . . . representin g 20,000 secondary schools and more than 10,000 gymnasts who compete at one level or another. The NATIO NAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATIO N . . . representing more than 600 Universities and Colleges more than 150 of which carryon competitive gym-

nasti cs program s and m ost of which offer instruction in gymnasti cs. Producers of man y great olympians. THE NATIO NAL J UN IOR COLLEGE ATHLETIC ASSOCIA TION . .. representin g more than 300 Junior Colleges and expressing interest in conductin g a national or regional champi onship in gy mn as tics in th e near future. THE AMERICA N T URNE RS . .. representin g more than 16,000 gymn as ts of varyin g ages and from all areas of the United States. Most of ou r past women olympians ha ve been Turner products as have been man y of the men. THE AMERI CAI\ ASSOC IATION FOR HEALTH. PHYSICAL EDUCATIO N A:-J D RECREATION . . . 'with a membership of some 40,000 teachers in the field of Physica l Educati on and one of the nati on's leadin g contributors to the fi eld of fitn ess for America n yo uth . TH E NATI ONAL ASSOC I ATION OF COLLEGE GY _[NASTI CS COACHES . . . with more than 300 of th e nation's lead in g college gymna stics coaches as members . Thi s orga nizati on (formerly the N.A. C .C. ) conducts statistical s ur veys, Resea rch award s and Hon or award services on an annual basis. THE NATIO NAL ASSOCIATION OF HI C H SCHOOL GYMNASTI CS COACH ES .. . newl y formed with more than 200 coaches alread y signed .up . This group will help provide edu cati onal lea dership to fe llow coaches across the nation. . . . to sum up . .. let me say we feel that we are defin itely on the ri ght road . .. IT's BEEN V P HILL ALL THE WAY ! . .. to s um up the first two years . . . I'll stea l a phrase I on ce heard .. . "yo u ca n always tell when yo u' re on the right road . . . it's up -hill all th e wa y." .. . and so it has been , and gratifyi ng all the way as well . . . for the first two years !

'65 VIENNA GYMNAESTRADA TH E 4th ANNUAL GYM TAESTRADA in Vienna ke ys the USGF European T our for 1965 . USG F members will be participating acti vely "nd as spectators in this great -event which will host over 8,000 gy mnasts fr om all over the world from July 20th thl'll 24th. FOR FULL DETAILS WRITE TO: USG F Europe Gym Tour Director: P.O. Box 611 Santa Monica, California

Bel ow : Th e news comes in from a ll over the USA (ar'ld th e w orld). It is t yped up . gets r ol ling.. a few f ina l adjustments and off the press comes the Newsletter . th ousands of USGF. members all over the cou ntry.

a neg ati ve mode . . . press is inked up . into envelopes, postage meter and on to t he

JUDGING COMMENTS Here on these pages are a sampling of judging thoughts from different parts of the country. and world which have come into the MG offices recently. For further thoughts on. Judging. turn to poge 34 and read Notes From A Neurotic Judge, the first of a new senes on Judging artICles which will be a reguJar feature in the MG and edited by Roy Davis.

F. I. G. JUDGING? Dear Glenn, I had intended to discuss a few things with. you in Tokyo but the chance did not arise. fI!' e find it difficult /;Q get injormation out here and there are a few central problems which we think you could help us 'with. Because our judges are generally inexperienced we are at present concerned with organizing courses to increase their competence. Our problem is that we know of no source giving a complete account of the theory oj judging. Although we have the 1964 edition oj the F.l.G. Code oj Points which has been oj great value, there are se ve ral issues which it does not treat. We would be gratejul if you could throw some light on a jew of the more important ones. 1. It seems that the penalties and requirements oj the Code of Points do not strictly determine a score, but that these are to be used along with, or as a guide to, the judge's intuition. They indicate the deductions appropriate jar specific faults, but the final score is also dependent on the judge's intuitive assessment oj the routine . Where laults are rare, as with top class routines, this intuitive element is predominant in determ.ining the score. If this is so we would appreciate a clear statement of the jactors which the experienced judge intuitively takes into account and in what proportion. For example, is the aesthetic quality oj the composition important; ij so how does one rate dejiciencies and what sort of penalties are appropriate? 2. Is it assumed that all judges. are marking by exactly the same standards; i.e., the same concept oj gymnastics and what will constitute the perfect routine; or may they dijfer to some extent over what they regard as, jar example, good composition. 3. Just how rigorously are the F.I.G. principles of deduction for difficulty meant to be applied? Many of Our voluntaries in Tokyo did not have the required number of C and B parts but still received up to I point more than the maximum which they could have been given by F.l.G. rules with the difficulty included; ie., assuming perfect execution and composition. 4. 'In awarding · points for difficulty, is the object to ensure that the most difficult routine gets the most points for difficulty Or do all routines which satisfy the requirement of including 10 parts, of which one is a C and jour are B's, auto;natically get the jull 3.4 points? If this was so it would mean~ a. that in top class competitions all gymnasts would receive the same points for difficulty regardless of differences in difficulty between routines, because all would have the required number of difficult parts; b. in ejfect differences in difficulty from one routine to another would therefore be ignored; c. a gymnast would be unwise to include very difficult moves in his voluntary as he need only select the easiest C and four B's available. If ·judging difficulty is not limited to deducting points only for voluntaries deficient in required number of parts, by what principles are points for difficulty awarded? 5. How is it intended to use the new difficulty classification given in the 1964 12

Code oj Points, whereby each move and many combinations of moves·, are given different values between 0 and .6? 6. Is there any trend towards dividing up the judging task among several judges, so that, for example, two judges-assess the execution, two others mark the composition, and another two score for the difficulty of the one voluntary? It seems to us that there are so many factors that this is essential to ensure that justice is done, particularly with far from perfect routines which we have to mark. 7. Have any statistical investigations been carried out into the reliability and validity of the F.l.G.'s methods of judging gymnastics? I have carried out some minor analyses which indicate that intuitive judging is very inaccurate and that the methods as we understand them are not nearly sensitive enough. 8. Is there any in/ormatiton on experiments carried out on new methods 0/ judging? Is the F.l.G. actively engaged in improving judging? We would be most appreciative if you could assist us with these questions or pass them on to another authority. Han . Assist. Sec. Thanking you, Yours faithfully, Ted Trainer N.S.W .A.G.A. Dear Ted: We passed your letter along to Tom Darling (Asst. Coach at the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland) who has been very active in the Eastern Officials Association. We feel your letter and Tom's reply are important enough to warrant publication in full. And as we will be starting a judging section in the M.G. this will get us off to a good start . . . along with some judging thoughts by Sam Bailie. Dear Glenn; Rather than answer point by point, I thought I'd ramble through the system and hope that I answer all parts of Mr. Trainer's letter. The F.I.G. system of judging is one set up for the top notch gymnast who thrives on perfection. And while on the surface it would appear that an accurate score could be given any routine, this is not really the case. At least not in the twenty or thirty seconds usually allotted for scoring. The system lends itself more toward perfection of a fairly easy routine than to allowing a really accomplished gymnast a freedom of activity. This is why gymnasts "cut back" on routines. Thus the most difficult routine does not always win nor does the best gymnast. As for the judge himself, it is true that even with all of the knowledge of the rules which he possesses, he still must ·use some judgment. For this reason, a really good judge must have some background in gymnastics and plenty of time to practice judging. It is extremely hard to believe that a person could become a good judge just by reading the rules. He still must acquire an appreciation for the activity as well as an understanding of the movements which are being put together.

It must further be remembered that in big international competition, such as the Olympic Games, the spotlight of the world is turned on. Since only scores in the high nines are going to have a chance at winning, the policy seems to be to disregard the extreme lower end of the scale if for no other reason than to try and "save face" for the country's best gymnasts. I would say that most countries try and send their best people and these men have worked hard to get to the top of their sport. And sending these gymnasts back with scores in the three's is not the best way of making sure that they will continue in the sport. As for improving judging, I am sure that all countries are concerned with this problem. Since the YI.G. is comprised of representatives from the various countries, I would say that experiments are going on all the time. However, it is still hard to get everyone to agree on which direction we should be going. And so many of the changes which would seem to make the most sense to some will be a long time coming about, if ever. In our country, one of the Collegiate Conferences has split the judging assignments to arrive at a score. This seems to work our fairly well. There have also been systems developed to achieve. In this case a model routine worth 8.0 was set up and all routines compared with it. This leaves the gymnast with a great deal of freedom. in his routines and promotes a great deal of originality. As I said before, I hope that I have answered most of the questions and should there be need to clear up any other points, I feel it would be best to correspond directly in a letter rather than take up too much print. Sincerely, Tom Darling Member USGF Tech. Comm. Annapolis, Maryland

"WE MUST HAVE ANEW

SCORING SYSTEM" by Sam Bailie Gymnastic Coach-U. of Arizona, Tucson While sitting in the editor's office recently I read a very concerned letter from Australia regarding the age old problem of judging. Everyone is concerned over the problem, but no one seems to be able to find a solution. First, the judging in the Olympic Games is in many instances worse than in our home countries. I have seen much better judging in local area meets by judges with far less experience, but who were really trying to do a good job. The answer here is quite simple. As we all realize, judginrr in the Olympic Games has considerabl: political envolvement. To solve this problem under our present day world political situation may be virtually impossible distributiton following competition (this is not done at present). Second, as· our Australian friend s pointed out, the FIG point system (10 point routine requirements) is not held to. This is particularly true in international competitions such as the Olympic and World Games. There has already been considerable discussion over the 9.1 score received by Endo, of Japan, for his routine on the side horse in the recent Olympic competition. By actual F.I.G. standards, the routine, if perfectly executed, could not · be valued above the 8's. This was in evidence even more during the 1962 World Championships. I was disgusted when in reviewing the films I saw numerous routines receiving scores of 9.75

and 9.8, \dli ch by F.I.G . standard s should have bee n in the low 9.0's. I feel certain that this was an attempt to r eward th e greater d iff iculty co nt ai ned in t heir routin es. If this is true, th en we need to revise our entire jud gin g sys tem. I feel that the days have passed when we can say a minimum of 2C moves and 4B moves, etc. co mpri se a 10 point routine. Thi s was a gre at improvement over the sys tem of merely req uiring a sin gle C move; but this system is no longer adeq uate . The .J udge today mu st find a place or points to reward "reat difficul ty and still consid er style, contin~lity and form. Ask a ny judge this Cl uesti on, and I am sure he will have difficulty in answering it: If two gy mnasts of equal a bility perform a 10 poin t routin e with eq ual style, conti nuity and form , but one h as 2C mo ves and th e oth er 5C moves, how mu ch hi gher a score should the second man rece ive? Both men met th e F. I. G. standard s fer a 10 point routin e, th erefo re, bot h de~ e r v e fu ll valu e for th eir routine. But, at the sam e ti me, th e greater diffic ulty deser ves hi gher points. This is very im portant for th e all-aroun d co mp etitor. Some judges will say, and truthfull y so by F.I.G. standards, that one cannot receive a higher score for diffi culty than the other as they both met the req uirement s. However, th is is not what most judges do in pra cti ce. Th ey try to reward th e hi gher difficulty wi th a hi gher sco re. In crder to do thi s, they mu st deviate fr om th e F.I.G. standard of po ints. T hi s in turn lea ds to hi ghl y inaccurate j udg;in g Insed enti rely on perso nal op inion and exp erience. )\,l y an swer to thi s probl em, odd as it may seem on first reading it, will give great er fr eedom to the Itymnast in the formation of his routin es and greater sco rin g acc uracy to th e jud ge. . , In so me areas of our country, a system of judging has been adopted in which the judgin g responsibilities ha ve been dlVlded. 'fhree judges are used. Each Jud ge ]s respo nsib le for only one aspect of the ro utme (fo rm , diffi culty, continuity and co mbination ). 1 feel that this is a step in the rigEt direc tion. My additions would be as follow s : Jud ge of Difficulty- This judge wo uld recerd th e entire rou tin e (a form of shor thand co uld be used) and with a point evaluation chart for the number of B moves antI C moves, etc. give an exact rating for th e diffi cult y of the ro utin e_ (This co uld be complete within 10-15 sec_ after Dismo unt ). At present th e max imum for thi s路 porti on of the routin e is 3.4 of the 10.0 total pom ts. This maxim um score should be rai sed to allow for ex tra diffi culty, as well as the possibi lity of lowering the valu e of the C lnoves.

Th e remaind er of the score should be based on a maximum 10 points award ed by 4 judges. T hese 4 judges consider only style, executi on, continuity and form. Any fl aw, no maller h ow small , . should be properly dedu cted from the poss]ble 10 points. On the Long Horse we al so n eed a n ew difficulty evaluati on chart. The hecht, ~h e fu ll twi stin " hecht, and the full tWl stm g front are an va lu ed at 10 points although there is a <Treat deal of difference in th e actual diffic~lty of th ese vaults. Again, th e present sys tem of judging does n ot allow for the ex tra difficulty. Ou r present scoring system of allowin g only 10 maximum po ints has been outda ted by the great strides made in gy mnasti cs durin g the last eight yea rs. A <Treat deal of time and eff ort wo ul d be nee de"d for such a system to be developed - but those I've talked with, have led me to beli eve it is possible.

JUDGING ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS by M. Donald Adolph, Director American Gymnastics Association Artistic gymn astics is (should be) an inspirin g, symphonic exercise perform ed With virtuosity and exactitude on a speCialIzed piece of gym nastic apparatus. The art of gymn astics reaches the hi ghest levels when the gymnast with absolut e .contral of his (her) body portrays a ulllque blendin g of acquired skills to indi cate a mastery of diffi culties and risks through the portrayal of a graceful , dynamic, and expressive rendition. . J ud " in o- arti stic gy mnasti cs is a fonmdabl e and ~xa~tin g task. Yet, trained quali ty judges are able to evalu ~ t e the sco pe of the capaltilities and thhe ab lhty of the performin g gymnast. The demonstrated routme must co nsist of the numerous essent]al elements and combinati ons and result in a ri ch, artistic and aestheti c co mposition. Permit me to digress long enough to point up th at it has been my continuou s dee p-felt hope as a dedicated buff for almost ftfty years to see this all-purposeful major pha.se of the physical education program - artistic gymnastics move. ~ve r upward. to hi o-her horizons with unlumted accomplIshm ~nts. With the fervent wish to achieve more productive growth and better knowled <Teabl-e understandin g through in creased lea~nin g by all who are involved with arti stic gy mnatics, be they teachers and c.oaches with limited experience, neo phyte Judges, gy mna sts, and the public, I a~l now s ubmittino- some of the more essent13l gUid es and di ~ectives to be used in judging artistic gymn astics. Th ese directives have r ecently been compil ed (J uly, 1964) after mu ch th o ~ght and dilige nt effort by expert techlllctan s. and o-ym nastic practi cians at th e 1st Intern atiOnal ud o-es School held in Zurich, Switzerland_ The~e directives are in accord with th e new " Cod e of P oints" established by the Men's Technical Com mission of the Intern ati onal Gymnasti c Federation ( F.I.G.) and th e -,\ mateur Athl eti c Union (A.A.U.) of the Ulllt ed S tates as the " Official" rules govern ing amateur gymnasti c co mpetition s. The rea der no doubt, is aware that at all International ' tourn amen ts, F .I.G. co mpetition s, Champ ionship Games, Olympic Games, and other hi gh caliber meets, "Co mpulsory" and " Optional" gy mnasti c exercises are perform ed on the different apparatu s. At times, in competiti ons with beginn er and int ermediate gymnasts provision is made for the use of the "optionals" only. All perform ed routines are evaluated by of fi ve judges, one actin g as " jud ge-re f e re~ or Superior-] udge" has th e strict responsIbility to make sure that the oth er four judges perform their duties in accordance with th e official rules. In order to establIsh a justifiabl e poli cy 'If scoring, the iury of judges at the start of a contest should m.eet to reveal their indi vidual scores for the fu st and second exercise of each n ew contest. All routin es are scored on a 0 to lO point basis by dedu cti ons of tenths of poi~ts or whole poi nt s. The fina l score for a part icular exercise perform ed will be arrived at by elimin atin g th e high est and lowes t scores by two or' th e judges and th en dividin g th e sum of th e two middle scores by two. Should the four scores have a grea ter vari ance (surpasses ) the " limit" all owed by th e Code of P oints. th e Superior Ju dge m1.1 , t th en orde r a co nference of the jucl!res so th at all ca n dec id e and ll gree upon an obj ective evaluated score that is in con forman ce with th e offi cial rules.

The rul es state that an exercise, in order to obtain a maximum score of ten, must have the following qualifications : It must includ e a minimum of eleven skill s, six of wh ich are classified as "A" or , kills of simpl est diffi culty, four of whi ch are classifi ed as "B" or skills of average difficulty , and one " C" movement of skill of highest form of difficulty. The judge mu st watch for movements not executed or for unforseen 1110vemen ts and for all oth er ge neral fault s of execution as well as faults of a techn ical nature. On each occasion that a judge recogni zes a fault a penalty co mmensUl'ate with the rules mu st be deducted. The three major consid eration s in evaluatin g an artistic gym nasti c routine are:. Execuliton (5.00 points), Difficulty (3.40 pomt,) , Combination ( 1.60 points). Jud ges and th e gym nast must co nsider th e specific r eq uirements called for by the F .I.G. code of p o i~t s for each different apparatus. On the h o nzo~tal bar th e gym nast should offer. SW ll1 glll g movem ent s exclusively with va1'1atlons of o- iant turn s with n o stops. On the parallel fli ght and swing predominantly, with . at leas t one part involving strength , <lnd With a hold (static part) . TO more than three holds are permitted. The sid e horse exercise must be flu ent , without pauses or stops and includ e all three section s of th e horse. Passes, scissors, forw ard and ba ck.wa rd, and double leg circl es should predommate. The fl oor exercise should be a smoo th , harm onious and rhythmi c whol e involv in g s tren~th, balance, suppl eness with th e use of ~IP S , jumps, somersaults, han~ s tan.d s, an~ sprin gs perform ed in all four dlrectlO!1 s. wlthm 路 th e limited squared area and wlthm. the . t~ n second leeway of the sixty second tun e 11l111!. Experience has proved that every gy ~ll颅 nast has unlimited opportuniti es to acqUIre new skill s and to crea te exercises of arti sti c valu e.' By way of a conclud ing summary; these are the requiremen ts for a perfect score (l0.00 points) in art isti c gy mna ~ li cs : th e executi on of each individual skIll to ItS hi ghes t potential ; proper timin g, ~h yt hm , and continuity; perfect form ; e ~ e r c ise mechanically correct ; confidence Wi th Impressiveness; and lastly, a neat and well groomed appearance with a r eadiness for . an elegant performance. The reader may wonder why nothing wa s said about the characteristi cs of the long horse still rings, trampolin e, tumblin!!;, rope climb' and other events used in man y pl aces and by va ri ed organizations. P ermit me to suo-o-est that you consult the pages of the MODERN GYMNAST MAGAZINE, especially th e paper entitl ed, "Arti sti c Gvmnastics in Tew York City High Schools" by the writer (M. G. October 1964 ).

SEND YOUR MEET 'RESULTS TO : JERRY WRIGHT . SAN FRA NCISCO STATE COLLEGE 1600 HOLLOWAY AVENUE SAN FRA NCISCO, CALIFORN IA 90127

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A TRULY FINE SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCAT,I ON DEMON~TRATI.oN Editor's Note: We have on occasion' 'bee n critical oj J;hose schools from which a,;"'an' : nual "show" emerges ' supposedly, as an aiu" growth _ of the p)lysical education prograin, 111 truth man y oj these prograin~ ': are, ma(~e ' up oj activities havil1g 110 relcitionship fa any 0/ the (ITeas 0/ the school",cur.ricl!-lum: Whab about the school, where a'nnually iliere is presented 'demons tration very closely related ,to the school ' program; one tlJhich is concerned primarily with studeht de vel, op'iten t ~ ', We believe that one of the best oj this {p,tier varie ty is condncted by th e staff of the Forwood Jr, High School 0/ Wilmington, Delaware, This school is one ' 0/ a gronp 0/ schools oj the AI/red l. dit· Pont School District, Th e annu.a{ "Sports Festival" of Forwood Jr, High has bee a meaningful extension and integration oj that school's program,

ORGANIZA TIONA L The "key to the , Forwood program is or· gan i ~a tion, Basic to this is the coopera ti on of 'different kinds of groups who interact as a team, T eachers, administrators, parents, busi nessmen and students are involved in th e " F estival" design. Students lire given key leadership roles and they have performed well as ,chairmen of such con1mittees as ]lublicity~ decoration, costuming, audio·visual, scenery, dan ce, ush· er ettes and make·up, Some 80 girls were members of the decoration comm ittee. These girls made hundreds of flow ers fash ioned Upper Left : Girls in rhythmic h oop number; At Left: Forward Junior High Gymnastic Club, Lower Left: H omemade MuuMuus for traditiona l Hula numb er, Below: Forward Band in casual Aloha shirts.

,',

by A. BRUCE FREDERICK 2125 ARMOUR DRIVE WILMINGTON 8, DELAWARE

from a colorful variety of facial tissues This kind of commentary was repeated and then placed them appropriately in the hy the other faculty members who particigym nasium. pated. Mr'. Edgar Knepper and Mrs. Aina Parents were found assisting with the Ozols, the physical educators at Forwood tahleaux (human statues), helpin g with had the key roles in planning the "Festiapparatus construction and assisting with val." Much of the work of the students decorations. One of the parents who has was, indeed, a regular part of the physical a printing J)Usiness made up the program educat ion program. "Star" performers did (see cover reproduction on this page) and not dominate the "Festival" action, however. ._' Some 400 s.tudents were finally involved donated tbese to the SellOOl. . . .:.' in all .·,aspects ' of the demonstrattion. Dr. SC HOOL P,E. DEMONSTRATION , ' .:"';:Jacblj"·· W\lntzeL. a Forwood administrator, Fifteen membj'!rs ?'£ the Eorwood faculty ., " comments "'th at " the skills learned in one :.·~ad an .actual part m. the 'program. We be· ' .:; de al'tl).len al'e 'hO~ only on display in such ',' ,lieve t~lS IS an essen bal. feature of the su~:.proaranl··;h ut ~~ ' t, .. the e fforts of other '_,c(!ss ful. :,~chool p~esentatlOn . Some of thelT d ejJ~:tm. ~ts alTd 11:lu~~;., s_uch. skill~ are i.nCOmlT),e nt~ Aollow, ." teg~at!!,d' J!lIp-. a. mea.m~g(ul" many-sIded dIS' .Mr:: Hadley, (Home E cononucs)-, What ,a play, of. tlie scho.61 ip,:· action. t could be .'; lwd~' (lesLgn the gLriS pLcked Jor theLr c ted·' a community ~fort. ';Feople literally Sonth Seas dance costnmes! The sele ccame in drov'es. What did' lhey see? tion of the pattern style, the experience '. THE PROGRA IYl oVcu.tling, fitting and constructing th em ' ~as an activity il~ which all who particiUpon entering the gynmasium, it was pated jound the necessity of calling upon evident from the hundreds of flowers, girls their home economics background. The flittin g about in their .M uu Muu frocks, and gym show caused the selving room to the casual appearan ce of the band that the become a bee hive of activity jor many, "Sou th Seas" theme would be well done. many d/temoons," This was furth er amplified by the tradi}vlr, Downs (Music}-" The cooperation betional hula . , . the first number on the tween physical. edltcation and 'm.usic ( deprogram, .', partments), ,which is so often exhibited On ec ,of: t he most impressive .numbers was in the ideal schooL jootball effort, ·was. the rhythhlie hoop demonstratiton. In addisuperbLy demon strated in Our school's tierr·..'to: .making their own outfits for this 1963-'64 physical education gym di( on" :.,number; ' the ,girls had actually participated stration." . ' in planning': ;the' rnusic and movem ents for " . . ' . it also brought about a school.. this di spliiy; >One co uld veJy. eas ily comwide feeling of pride and - accomplish- . pare the qqali ty of this with the performmen!. it di s} L yed to the ' public and. ' ance of the ·.touring Danes who had visited coI1Ullunity not. only th e r esults of one }':' ilmingto~" earlier in the year. department's laOOx-, but also it was "an :.':.:' -Ex hibition gy mnastics came off smoothly. example of tr.': growin g quality in :our Ther~ was evid ence that stu dent s had been school of i r r·departm ental help, 'ap· mad e - I:esponsible for equipment placement preciation an J ,chool spirit." and tlli s aspect was particularl y impressive " To say tll!- -very l east; thl'se shows to one who knows w hat a problem moving (peJ· formance.- were given 0 consecutive equipment can be. evenings) stre Ig the~d o,ui· · llsical alertA hi ghlight of the evenin g was 1he cornes, our end urance, our ·r ead in g, ,and ona.tion of th e Kihg and Queen of th e Sports turtured a sense oJ ,coordination with the F esti val. Here ~gain , t.he hono r was in $ow that the total success f the ' perkeepin g wi th good ed uca tional practice forma nce mi ght be achieved ," ,.' since th e King and Queen had actually M r. Jacoby ( Inaustrial A rts/- " 1 he -value bee n chosen for their excell ence in th eir of participation if/. -' this program ,is jarcJasswork in physi cal education and other reaching jar indnstria{ arts .pupils who qualities of leadership, gave a helping -hand. They' ( th e students) The li ving statues r eprese nted a pageant learned a great deal about constmction of athl etics dedica ted to the Tok yo Olym and joining materials toge th er .~of design pies. {arolLt and the finishing of liLute rials."

ADMINISTRATIVE AIDS The following administrative aids were employed by the physical educators (Mr. Xnepper and Mrs. Ozols) to make the demonstration run as smoothly as possible: • 1. The use of check lists of va riou s kind s were used to make sure that all needed equipment would be ready at a given time. The apparatus committee had such a checklist. 2. Each participant was given a sheet outlining various responsibiliti es for makeup, costumes and other general information. 3. A time schedule was set up. 4. Staging sheets were available (or those with responsibilities for lightin g and setting up special scenery. Each sheet showed the exact location of the equipment and the general areas to be oecu.J>ied by the performers. 5. The publicity committee made complimentary tickets available to certain fri ends of the school. EVALUATION Tlie post-demonstration evaluation was don e so that futw'e demonstrations co uld be even more effective. On the positive side, student planning and stud ent res ponsib ili ty seemed to be high. on the list of values of such programs. Giving boys and girls a chance to identify with a large gro up activity was also an important considerati on. Improvements were deemed necessary in the areas of length of program , obtaining a larger facility to accommodate more spectators, planning a better overall arrangemen t to avoid fire hazards and a more thorough liandling of finan ces. l Forwood ended up in the bl ick, however. ) SUMililA RY Cer tainl y the program of the Forwood Jr. High School is not unique bu t it is doubtful wheth er or not the majority of gym "shows" we have seen ca n dupli cate the quaJily and mass participation of thi s excell ent progra)n. Mr. Knepp er and hi s boys and girJs 11a ve been fUTt hel' honored by an in vitation to participate in a demonstrati on at th e World 's Fa il' in New York shortly af ter jt is r eopened in pri!. For more specific information regard in g th e Forwood rog1'am, write Edgar KIlepper ~ Forwood J1'. Hi gh School, Wilmin gton, Delaware 19803.

Dick 'Cr iley stat ist lca n at wor k in t he MG offi ce.

1964 Olympic Gymnastic

MEANS-MODES-MEDIANS by Di ck Criley The 1964 Olympics furni shed abundant material for the stati stician. The statistics are not worth mu ch unless they are put to use. Uses which can be envisaged in clud e evaluati on of individ ual and team performan ces in li ght of international com petition , " id ea l" methods of tea m selection, and predi ction based on performance_ Many of our readers are aware of the ease with which statistics can be manipulated to suit a purpose_ Thus, we find such tenn s as "nl ean", "nlode", and "median". A mean is an arithmetic average of a collection of n umbers. A mode, or modal ciass, is that fi gurl which occurs with greatest frequ ency in the population of numbers_ It may be either higher or lower than the mean or the sam e. A median is that value for which, when all the numbers are rank ed in order of ma gni tud e, 50% of the nu mbers lie on each side_ For exampl es let us look at Tabl e L Consid eri ng the scores of the 130 competi tors in fl oor ex ercise (see the January issue of the Modern Gymnast ), one co uld be quite misled about th e ca liber of co mpetitIOn if he kn ew only the mean score, 17.63. However, a clea rer picture would be ga in ed when it is see n that 50% of the competition scored above 18.20. Two mod es would have been considered as 6 performers received a score of 18.45 and 6 received 18.35 _ These scores shared the distinction of being mo st fr equ ent. How can this information be useful '? W hat interpretatitons can be made ? For those who engage in " What might have been," a sco re for a better execu ted exercise may be ima gin ed to place the exercise in a more fav orable light of competition. Or statements such as " all of our gymna sts performed above the average score in X eve nt" can be consid ered critically if it is r ealized that som e of th e performan ces still rank ed in the lower half of competitive effort s. It is obv ious in the refl ection of the average and median scores that individuals having a score lower than the avera ge were considerabl y lowe r and that th e caliber of competition was oft en considerably better than th e average would indi cate.

A logical ex tension of these thou gh ts leads one to ask what scores would have been necessary to qualify for the top 20 allarou nd positi ons. Again, Table 1 cupplies the answe rs .But the int eresting com;Jarison li es in co mp arin g th e mean score of the top 20 all-a rou nd performers with that of the top 20 performers in each event. This is probably a good place to r e-emphasize that more co nsid eration s entered the pi cture than th e sco re alon e indi cated. To menti on a few, we wo uld li st personalities, politi cs, and ti me of co mp etition. But what was necessa ry to earn it place among th e finali sts for medal co mp etition ? In nea rl y all eve nts a minimum co mpulsory sco re of 9.60 and a minimum optional sco re of 9.70 were needed to make the cutoff point, T able L H owever , once the final s were atta in ed, th e mean final scores were sli ghtl y lower, perhaps refl ectin g more crit ica l judging. Ju st so much ca n be mad e of these measures of ce ntral tendency, as the means, modes, and median s a r ~ call ed, The Jisper-

sion of sco res also reveals so methin g about the character of an event. The sid e horse has lon g been accorded the distin ction of the mos t difficult event and the lon g horse vault has been recognized as provid ing the best opportunity for a hi gh score. The bar diagram s of Fi gure 1 confirm these suspicions and , alon g with the fi gures of Table 1, pro vide a basis for assessing the diffi culty of the ot her events in thi s fi eld of top -fli ght int ernational competition. Only 4.6 % scored 19.00 or above in the side h orse competition but 22.3 % scored 19.00 or better on long horse_ On still rin gs over 50% fail ed to score as well as 18.00 but onl y 13% fai led to do this well in va ulting. The rea der is enco uraged to develop this device for evaluation even furth er. The top 20 scores of each event were plotted on graph paper to see if a ~ udd e n drop occurred. Parall el bars and the horizontal bar scores di splayed a drop of .15 between fourth and fifth positions, but these were th e onl y noticea bl e instan ces_ A sin gle straight lin e was drawn to represent as closely as possibl e th e trend of the top 20 scores of an event. Figure 2 represents a compilati on of th e 6 lin es for the 6 events jar the top 20 positions only. Besid es indica tin g the similarities between parallel bars, horizon tal bar, fl oor exercise, and still rin gs, and the strong dev iat ions of side horse and long horse, thi s fi gure has another interestin g use, the prediction of position or score given either. Thu s, if a predi cted mean score or the 10th performer is desired for each t:vent , a perpendicular line is raised from th e bottom of the graph through the lin es t epresenting th e eve nt s and a reading is made on the left with the resultin g accuracy as presented in Table 2_ Similarly if the mean score of a perform er were 19.06 (the calculated mean score for 6 events for the " average gymn ast" in the top 20 all-around performef5 ), th e final placing of this score is read on the bottom scale, Table 2_ Such a chart could be presented for any level of competition and is useful as a predi ction tool within th e range of the chart. It is also true that th e chart is more accurate in its middl e values th an at extremes (long horse vault for example ) _ A score or ranking outside that of the tabl e is not likely to be iocated validly by ex tendin g the lines beca use the slope of th e lin e will chan ge as more values are add ed to it.

Tab le 1. Presen tation of means , medians , and modes by even t for the Oly mpic gymnastic s sco res of a ll compe tito rs, t h e t o p 20 all-around perfo rmer s, the top 20 fini shers in ea ch event, and t he final six competitors in each eve nt. Fl oor Exercise

Side Horse

Sti ll Rings

Long Horse V ault

Parallel Bar s

17 .24 18.15 18 .55 (8)

17.48 t 7.90 17 .5 0 (6)

18.39 17.93 17.51 18.7 5 18.50 18.75 18.75 ( 15 ) 18 .8 0 (10) 18 .25

104 .97 109.2 5 110.65 (3) 104 .30

9.430 9 .415 18.8 45 10

9.485 9.550 19.935 13

9.555 9 .615 19. 170 15

9.600 9 .565 19.165 10

9 .572 9 .577 19 . 149

57 . 11 57.23 1'1 4 .34 13

9.457 9.440 t 8 .897 7

9 .527 9. 590 19. 117 9

9.590 9.657 19 .247 9

9.605 9. 610 19.215 9

9.562 9.568 19. 130

9 .575 9.641 9.608 9.508 19. 116

9.708 9.700 9.704 9.658 19.362

9.6 91 9.708 9.7 00 9 .587 19.287

9.733 9.716 9 .725 9.500 19.225

9 .675 9.725 9.700 9 .641 19.3 41

Horizontal All -around Bar

A ll Competito rs

Mean Median Mode

17.63 18 .20 18.45 (6) 18.35

T op 20 a ll - around

Mean Score Camp. Opt. T o ta l Place T op

9.472 9.497 18.969

20 in event Mean Score Camp. 9.052 Opt. 9.567 T otal 19.069 Place 11

Meda l winners

Mean Sco re Camp . Opt . COA Final T ota l

9.592 9.675 9 .633 9 .583 19.216

The figu res in parentheses beh ind m oda l sco res indi ca te the number of times that score occurred . COA- Compulsory a nd o pt ional avera ge.

55.4

S2.l

~5 . 1

3t6

JOn 26.2

25. 3

1l.9

I1J

11.8

16.\

'41

12 .~

'QO

c FEx

16-'

15.1

c SH

a b c

'fc id

l HV

ABOVE FIGURE 1. Relative frequency (percent) of score distribution by event for men's Olympic gymnast ics. a. percent scores including and exceeding 19.00, b. percent scores fail ing between 18.00 and 18.99, c. percent scores falling between 17.00 and 17 .99, d. percent scores less than 16.99. BELOW FIGURE 2 . Graphical representation of the top twenty scores in each of the six Olympic ev ents, based an the 1964 Olympics.

'''' lUO

19.40

1930

lilO

lil 0

19"

PB HB rEx

11.80

SR II lC

'&60 ' -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _....J.._ _ _ _

'-_~:_'__::___:_:..:......:...._:':'"__:_::-'':<:~___:

PI ac e

18 "'

.•

'--

-- A

Tab le 2. Calculated and actual score s and rankin gs gi v en a theo retical rank or score and Figure 1. Differences ore not significant as determined by Chi-square test. Score for Rank f or mean tenth rank score of 19.06 Ev e nt

Floor Exercise Side Horse Sti ll Rings Long Horse Parallel Bars H oriz ontal Bar

Calc. 19.09 18.92 19.15 19.28 19.22 19.20

Actual 19.10 18 .85 19.10 19. 25 19. 15 19.20

Calc. 11 7 12 21 15 14

Actual 11 6 12 24 14 14

S imilar statistics and figur es ca n be de· rived for the women competitors from the scores presen ted in the Jan uary Modern Gymnast. (Next: th e evaluatiton of team and in· dividual effort). At Right and Above: Scenes from the Olympic Games t eam championships, AII Around chomps, Event fina l ists and Competit ion site.

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OLYMPIC GAMES WINNING ROUTINES Rout ines shown in or der of f inol competition. Our th anks t o Ron Barak USA Oly mpia n f o r the m ov ies f rom whi ch these routines were :6ge~GFor scores and placings see January

FREE EXERCISE 1. Mit sikuri- J apan Run to piked front so mi e, ca rtwh eel, sid e "o llli e, hand sp rin ~, sit hack and roll hackwa rd s to hand sta nd and lower to J ajJanese splits {pancak e I . Straddl e press to hand stand , step down and run to ti gna {front walkover wi thou t hands, turn and r un to roundoff, fli p- fl op, full twisting ha ck sam ie, flip-flop , turnin g out, ki ck in g to hand stand and rollin g out to feet. Run to tin sica to a scale on one leg (one leg on groun d and other held at 45 0 to body). Run to rou nd-off , flip-flop , full twistina hac k sOllli e. " 2. Leon ti ev- USS R Flip-flop to a high dive ba ck ward s to a ches t roll out up to hi s feet and cartwheel, turn and run to front sO lllie step out to round-off, flip -flop, full twistin O" back som ie turn and di ve to just short ;f hand stand stopping through to splits, Valdez and roll forward to a straddle stand and press to hand stand. Step out and tin sica to sca le. Turn out and run to cartwheel side sam ie, div e roll up to feet and di v~ to chest roll to Japanese sp lits_ Turn and stand up and run to a round-off, flipflop, layou t so mi e backward s_ 3. Tsapenko- USSR Front somie, round-off, flip-flop, layout back som ie turn and lunge and jump out, run to rou nd-off back so mie with a full twist turn and handspring steppin g into a mom entary hand stand lowerin a down into double leg circles ( high l'oubles) risin g to feet and flip -flop to splits, straddle press to handstand with leas split roll out to feet and turn _ Round-~ff, flip: flop fli p-flop, back somie layout. 4. Men ichelli- Italy "e~

Jan uar y ' 65 MG.

5, Lis"itski- USS R Diving flip-flop , cartwheel, turn, roundoff, flip-fl op, full twi sting hack sam ie, sit back and ro ll to hand stand with half turn and drop to front support. One arm "gut" lever, hollowback, forward roll, forward roll, head-kip , head-kip, back roll to splits_ Double leg circles, to scale_ Run to roundoff, fli p-flop, arabiah sam ie, head-ki p to sit, back roll to Japanese splits, stand and round-off, flip-flop, to back somie layo ut_ 6. Endo- Japan Flip-flop, toe-touchin g back somie to front support bounce to feet and cartwheel, run to round-off, flip-flop, full twistin g back som ie, fli p- fl op, turn to Swedish fall to splits. One arm "gut" lever, press to momentary hand stand. Step down and run to handspring, front somie, handspring, lun ge to side, spin back to teur zei tai to leg circle to splits (Japanese), hack roll to stand and turning to forward roll to piked jump to forward support , straddle cut , turn and rise to one legged scale_ Run to ro und -off, flip-flop , whip-over, flipflop, back somi e, layout. SIDE HORSE 1. Yamashit a- J apan Startin g on end , hi gh doubl e, loo p, hop, loop, stock li, rear out, loop, reverse loop, loop, u ph ill travel ,hi gh double, moore, two reverse scissors, reverse high doubl e, thre" front scisso rs, hi gh doubl es, rear out to Ru ss ian sp in off_ 18

2. Tsapenko- USS R Loop, loop, hop, loop, undercut, back scisÂŁO rs (traveling int o -center) , front scissors, high doubl es, moore, r ear out, rear in , imm ed iate travel out, rear in, immediate travel out, loop, Schaklin dismount (uphill moore with hands on horse-not pommels, loop off). 3. Mitsihuri--Japan Loo p, loop, uphill travel, downhill travel, rear .in, hi gh double, two front scissors, under cut, two r everse scissors, hi gh doubl e, moore, high double, Fh Russian moore, travel out to Schaklin dismount. 4_ Wig'gard-Norway Loop, loop, uphill travel, downhill travel, loop, hop , loop, mo ore, rear in, two back scissors, two front scissors, hi gh double, Russian moore, travel, loop, Schaklin dismount. 5. Cerrar-Yugoslavia As yo u have it. 6. Tsurumi- Japan Moore mount, high double, Russian moore, travel out, loop, hop, loop, stockli up, two back scissors, two front scissors, rear out, loop, Schaklin dismount. RINGS 1. Tsurumi-Japan Pull to cross and up to "L". Stiff-Stiff press to handstand, giant (forward), fall over and back rise, roll back, dislocate, front uprise to " L". Hollowback t.o handstand, lower to inverted cross, roll to cross, dIslocate, double flyaway. 2. Leonti ev-USSR Front lever, disloca te, shoo t to handstand in verted cross, roll to cross, pull out t~ support, press handstand, fall over and back rise to cross, dislocate double flyaway. 3. Schaklin-USSR Front lever, inloca te, kip swin g to handstand , reverse giant, back roll and lower to cross, back roll to L. Hollowback, lower through to inverted hang, and back flse to cross, dislo cate, flan ge, drop back around to straddle dismo unt with % turn . 4. Menichelli- Italy Inlocate, pull up to inverted han g, snapfl se ( back rise) to hand stand, giant forward to handstand, back roll to cross, pull out to L and forward roll to hollow back lower to cross, roll back and dislocate t~ full twist off. 5. Endo-Japan Dislocate, shoot to handstand, giant {immediate forward, first handstand (not held ) , reverse giant, lower through planche and front uprise to "L". Hollowback to handstand , lower to front lever, back roll to support and lower to cross, dislocate double. 6. Hya ta-Japan As you have it. LONG HORSE 1. Schaklin-USSR Handspring ( twi ce), Hecht ( twice). 2. Tsurumi-Japan Plain Yamashita (piked front) (twice) , giant Yamashita (twice) . 3. Rantakari- Finland Hecht ( twice), Giant. H echt (twice). 4. Li si tsky-USSR Sa me as Tsurumi 5. Endo-Japan Sa m" as Tsurumi 6. Yamashita-Japan As you have it. PARALLEL BARS 1. Men ichelli- Itlay P each to handstand on one bar and turn in to vault over one bar and alide kip to " L" turnin g into both bars a;d swingin g to hand stand . Backover bar catch to stutz ( both near hand stand s) peach to

straddle " L". Press hand stand peach, front uprise, swinging pirouette ,back somi off. 2. Cen 'tlr- Yugoslavia Vault over bar and cast support, straddle cut to " L". Holl owba ck to handstand back over bar catch stutz, cast with twi st, front uprise, reverse pirouette (layout moore) vault over si de and glide kip to " L" on one bar. Press throu gh bar to handstand and turn in. Stutz layaway, front uprise, front somi off with % twist. 3. Di omi dov- USSR Cast support, forward roll , back uprise back stutz, hop pirouette, layback, front upri se-stutz to " L". Press, stutz handstand Diomidov (full twi stin g stutz handstand ): back over bar, stutz layaway front uprise ' front som i off with % twist. 4. Tsurumi- Japan Cast support, swin gin g pirouette, peach hand stand layaway, front uprise, stutz, cast to upp er arm support , back uprise straddle cut to " L". Press to handstand: o n e~ rm hand stand , stutz layaway, front upfl se, front off with half twi st. 5. Lisitsky-USSR Jump to straddle cut on end to hi gh doubl es to plan che. Cast to upperarm support, forward roll , back uprise, straddle, dip swi ng to handstand. Back overbar ca tch, stutz layaway, hop pirouette, cast back uprise, back stutz swinain a pirouette, streuli , hack so mi e olf with "fuil twist. 6. Endo- J apan As you have it.

HIGH BAR 1. Lisitsky-USSR Double rear, ba ck kip, German giant , disengage WIth 112 turn kip to reverse giant, hop and ~eac h und er to vault ca tch. Kip , reverse gIant, stoop and shoot, in locate gIant , .inl oca te giant, disloca te gian t, hop o ~t WIt~ lh turn (imm edia te pi rouette, gIant, gIan t, full twistin g fl yaway. 2. Ono-Japan Shoot with % turn (cast) and swing up toward a handstand , stoop, shoot to a disloca te giant and hop out, a stoopi ng immediately and shootin g out to a Takemo to spin to a pirouette catch. Back kip, double German giant, stutz out, flan ge, cross over change to a giant (with one hand dislocated); full spin to vault catch. Kip , one ba ck gIant, change ( pirouette) to two front giants to a double flyaway. 3. Cerrar-Yugosla via Shoo t up to hand stand , stoop through and shoot to, inlo ca te giant, di slocate aiant hop immediate stoop and shoot to "Tak: emo to Spi n to va ult catch. Back kip double German giant, di sengaae with half t~rn , kip, .giant (reverse) ch~nge to front gIant (pIrou ette) , stald er shoot whip chan ge, giant, hecht. ' 4. Titov-USSR Shoot up to handstand, stoop throu gh and shoot to two inl ocate giants dislocate %, giant and hop out, giant, 'stoop and shoot WIth % turn to stalder shoot, giant, reach und er to vault catch, back kip, doub~ e German, disengage with 112 turn and kIp, giant, hecht. 5. Schaklin- USSR As you have it. 6. Endo-.T apan Shoot up to hand stand, stoop throu ah and shoot to dislocate giant, hop out ~o immed Iate reverse stalder, % giant, hop, flan ge, giant, toe circle on and off to giant, cross over change to back % giant , hop one hand and reach under with the other to a vault catch , back kip, German (s upposed to be double German but he casted low- in preliminary it was a doubl e ~erman) di sengage with % turn, kip, gIant, hecht with a full twist.

Abov e: An excerpt of Caslavska's routine showing her doing an un usu al move which attracted a lot of attention in Tokyo, a cast stoop so le c ircle, cast straddle catch under the High Bar, Y2 twist t o sing le leg catch on Low Ba r. This move when seen for the first for Caslavska's ful l routine and p hotos turn to page 24. t ime has the startling illusion of a f lip catch between the bars . .

OLYMPIC FINALS - SEQUENCE PHOTO ROUTINES Whil e in Tokyo we took most of the top routines in the final s with a 35mm movie camera. We intended to take them all but as it was a first attempt by your editor for such a proj ect we made a few mistakes. We were chan gin g film and missed Cerar's winning Side Horse routine ( the routine pictured in th e Olympic edition was taken durin g the All-Around competition with our robot 35mm sequence cam era) . __ we forgot to wind the camera and missed Hayata's Rin g routin e _ . . we were too far away for the Floor Exercise event to make good enlargements for publishin g and the camera just gave up on the Horizontal Bar so we only got a portion of that action_ However, percentage wise we were able to come up with quite a large collection of top routines. In fact we have more than we can make room for in the M.G_ for some tim e to come. We will therefore publish at least on e men's and one wom en's Olympic finali st routin e in each forthcomin g edition

of the M_G. and if the interest and tim e perm it perhaps we can put th em in book form . The nex t eight pages show Endo's Gold Medal Parallel Bar exercise and Caslavska's Uneven Bar routin e_ Caslavska was in th e lead goin g into the final s and it looked like another Gold Medal for th e Olympic AllAro und champ, but with a miss (pictured on this page) on her pirouette ca tch she beca me an also ran for the event. CASLA VSKA'S OLYMPIC U EVEN BAR ROUTINE (page 24) Mount: runnin g start, jump to a free front tuck double roll . . . cast to a stoop sale circle, regrasp High Bar with upper grip , legs in straddle position, % twist on HB ... drop to single leg knee han g on Low Bar with single leg kip and imm ediate front split circl e ___ regrasp HB on upward sw ing, lift trailin g leg over LB to a momentary deep arch han g _ . _ doubl e leg lift to a tu ck stand . . Caslavska in a fu ll twist no catch t o

push on LB to body extended behind HB und er HB to circle stand on LB . . . jump to a stradd le back cut catch to extend ed cast to a stoma ch whip on LB . . . imm ediat e whip back to a full pirouette catch on HB . .. immediate drop to LB straddl e glid e snap catch to regrasp on HB to a straddl e thru sit on LB . . . arch snap kip to HB, imm ediate cas t to a straddl e sole circle on HB with a % twist cas t over LB to hip circle LB . _ . imm ediate leg rai se over LB with Ih twist grasp HB with under grip to a momentary al'ch position kip to HB and flan ge to straddle hecht over LB.

Endo's winning P. Bar r outine (next page) Peach handstand , lay-away, fro nt ri se

Stutz, cast, straddle cut to

'L", ho ll ow

back press (bent arms), basket % ha ndstand lay -away, straelie, Stutz, Cast, Back

Stutz, Pirouette, la y-awa y fro nt rise, front off

a no go ld medal

twist.

CARBON COpy By HER B VOGEL Wo m en s Coach Sout h ern I l lin o is Un ivers ity, Ca rbonda le, II I. 路!I\ t ,

~l~_

ADVANCED GYMNASTICS FOR WOMEN NE W SKI LL DEVELO PMENT SE RI ES

(Wea k r ange for most g irl s-needed f or in itiaI

t ion of kip movement and long swing .

(co ntinued from lost edition)

I. ARMS , SHOULDERS, AND CHEST : M os t w ill no t h ave t est in g equi p m ent so t es t s usin g exercises, st reng th ened by emp h asiz ing wea k ra nges of mo t ion as found in each ind iv idua l. Eac h letter desi gnates a spec i f ic ra nge of motion.

(Weak range f o r m ost gi r ls-necessary f or fin ish of kip action)

II. WRIST AN D FOREA RM ACT ION NEE DED IN KIP: a lso port ne r gets work on w ri st a n d fo rea rm action u sed in back h ip circ le, f ree hi p c i rcle, back kips, etc. Gives ad di tiona I exercise t o b ice ps and t riceps. Reverse action

t R

III. STOMACH:

(A ll ow to come t hrough)

Eac h exerc ise to a movement ra nge.

specif ic

~J:J

R. 28

. -~-.~ -fIaL B.

IY.

~ACK

AND HIP :

Exe rcise A: Raise leg 4 to 6 inc hes leg !ift as operato r ho lds static.

Exercise B: Ra ise leg 8 to 10 inc hes a s operator ho lds static .

Exercise C : Ra ise leg as h igh as possible, t hen back off a few inches, t he n begi n exe rcise.

STATIC EXERCISES APPLIED TO GLIDE KIP

Sequence 1 through 6 Exe rci se I A, B, C, 0 Exerc ise II A, B, C Sequence 6 Exerc ise I A, B Exercise IV A, B, C Sequence 7-8 -9 Exerc ise I A, B Exe rci se III A, B, C Sequence 10 through 14Exe rc ise I A, B, C, 0 , F, G Exerc ise II Exe rc ise III A, B, C Exercise IV A, B, C

7;- 8.- 9.

Helpful hints A. PLATFORMS In ad diti on to th e "Slope" as an aid in th e teac hin g of tum bli ng element s (MG. Fe b. '65 1, also oth e r co ml; in a ti ons of equipment will be helpful in th e speeded u p deve lopm ent of des ired skill s. Whil e th e landing wi th full y exte nd ed body. followin g a head-s prin g and a handspr ing fo r wa rd, is usuall y tau ght a nd e mpha 5ized only aft e r a landin g has been secured in a bent-or straddl ed stand , research proj ec ts po int out t hat although it is more diffi c ult to la nd wit h fu ll kn ee-a nd hip-

ext ension, it is ne vertheless lea rned in a mu ch shorter tim e if it is approached di rectl y. Th e diffi culty of mecha ni cs in th e direct approac h ( to land in extend ed stand with " layout") can be eliminated by arrangin g for a lower landin g surface compared to the level on whi ch th e ro tation was initiated. In this situation t he height difference in the levels will co mpensate for th e lack of elevat ion in the take-off or for the in sufficient s peed in the rotation .

by "Jim" Farkas, lnstmctor 0/ Ph ysical Edu cation , 0/ The Milwaukee Tumers , Wis consin

The illu st rati ons (A & B) show a combina ti o n of VAU LTIN G BOXES and mats to provide suc h an e leva ted platform fo r head -and hand -sp rin gs. While at the headspring (A) it is advantageous to tak e off a Iso fro m a lower leve l befo re sup po rtin g on the p latform; a t the hand- sp rin g (B) it would e ncourage the bending of arms. Th erefore a lo nger platform must be provided to make th e approach possible o n the same level with the hand-suppo rt.

Illu strati o n " C" shows a si mi lar p rin ciple applied for the teaching of aerial walkover forward. A rolled-up mat wi II not on ly compensa te for in sufficient heig ht and rota ti on but it wi ll actually increase the e levati on from the toke-off by providing a non-horiz ontal surface on which the direction of fo rward acting fo rc es can be ea sil y altered . These platfarms (A, B, Cl will easily teach the co rrec t landing positions, however a s soon a s these pos itions appear satisfactory the he ig ht d ifference be tw ee n th e take -off and landing le vels mu st be gradually e leminated.

c. 30

QUESTIONS and

POINTERS A~

Dear Read ers : 10 letter is an swered specifi cally in thi s issue of the :VLG. , I r ece ive man y letters each month with dupl icate inquiri es about gymnasti c move ments. In thi s months column I have taken the most formidabl e requ ests to present in my a rticle " Qu es tion s and Pointers". I have select ed the " Hop piroue tt e to hand stand " illld t he "S wing reverse pirou ette to hand sta nd". A.S.路 P.S. Unfor tun ately Mr. S undby was low on film th e day I dropped into the rvLG. offi ce to have him shoot th ese Graph Check photos. We cou ld not make reta kes to make sure it was just the way I wanted to present it to you. H owever my mi stakes are explain ed in the copy wi th correction s.

Frank Endo 12200 SOUTH BERENDO LOS ANGELES, CALIF., 90044

SHOES and HANDGRIPS

The finest all-around gymnastic canvas shoes avai lable t oday . Wo r n by U.S. and Internationa l Champions. Elastic straps

across the top provides for that perfect ..;nug fit and appearance. Soles made o f lo ng-wea ring white rubber. Order same size as your street shoes or draw outline of f oot on paper f o r correct size. In w hi te

o nt y. Atl sizes. Price is $2.50 per pair, ppdl-

OTHER PRODUCTS WOMEN ' S GYM SHOES ........ $2. 15 pro ppd. Canvas with leather soles. Sizes 2 - 10.

HOP PIROUETTE TO HA IDSTAND: Th e action for the hop pirou ette to handstand starts much sooner than for a normal hop pirou ette. The start in volves a han d a nd a nn thru st agai nst th e bars (bo th arm s a t th e same tim e push direct ly downwa rd ca usin g th e body to sprin g off th e bars ) . follow ed imm ed iately by a rapid half turn of the body with th e hands precedin g the rest of th e body dur ing th e half turn. Regrasp th e bars qui ckly and firml y, and sti ck (hold fa st) . The swing pri or to th e hop piroue tte sho uld be slightl y more force ful than the normal swin g to a han dstand. Criticism of thi s sequence seri es is th at I did not pu sh again st th e bars quite forcefully enough prior to th e twist, whi ch cau sed my body to be relatively low durin g th e t urn and which al so prevented me from r egr asping. simu lt an eou sly with both ha nds. Reme mber- Sta rt action earl y, arm s thru st aga in st bars, lwi st ra pidly, and regrasp firmly (bo th hand s at approx imately same ti me) .

SWING REVERSE PIRO UETT E TO HA lDSTAND : Th e still reve rse piroue tte should be mastered prior to learn in g thi s movement since the ac ti on is ve ry similar. The turn should start just pri or to the hand stand position. In th is sequ ence photograph I start ed the turn too ea rl y ca usin g me to lean excessively ove r my hand s so compensa te for th e incorrect start. Th e turn should begin with th e bod y 5 to 10 0 from hand stand pos iti on . Th e shoulder initi ates the turn , followed by a push from the left a rm aga in st th e bar to develop more momentum for the turn , wh ich should be rapid. The body remain s arched throughout the turn. 1拢 the pi rou e tt e is fa st th e body does not have a chan ce to falloff balance. The swin g shou ld not be more powerful than th e normal swin g to a hand stand. Remember- Ea sy swin g, late turn , left should er lead s, left ann push, qui ck pirou ette, body a rched, and stop in hand stand.

NYLON BOOTY Wit h leather soles. W hite. Sizes 3 - 1 1.

...... $1. 85 ppd .

WOODEN RtNGS ... .. ........ .$22.50 ppd. Meets all spec ifications. TUMBLtNG TRUNKS White, Ra yon, Satin.

...... $2. 50 .ppd .

SUPPORTER BRIEF ....... ............ $ 1.60 ppd . A new strap less supporter 2-way stretch e lastic. W h ite . Sizes: S, M, & L. COTTON GYM SHtRT .... .... $ 2.95 ea . ppd. Has adjustoble supporter flop with buttons. White in color. Stote chest size. ALL-LEATH ER SHOES Sizes 5 - 12.

........ $4. 00 pr o ppd .

LEATHER HANDGRIPS ........ $1.40 pro ppd . (GOOD ) As illu stra ted abo ve. Sma ll , Medium & Lorge. ONE PC . HANDGRIPS .. ....... $1. 75 pro ppd . (Better) Mode entire ly f rom one piece o f white leather. CHAMPIONSHtP HANDGRIPS .. .............. .. . .... $ 2 .00 pro ppd. ( Best) Worn by Internat ional Champions. WHtTE STRETCH PANTS .$9.50 pro ppd. Knitted fabric with elastic waistband. State waist and inseam measurements.

NYLON GYM PANTS ... ..... $T4 .25 pro ppd. Finest stretch pants. TOKYO OLYMPIC FILMS 8mm in colo r

See the finest gymnasts in the world in action, per form ing the compulsor y and optiona l routines. Many new tri cks a r e seen for the first time. I nc ludes the winning r outines and portion of the beaut i -

ful Opening Ceremony. Women ' s fi lm -

opti o nal rout ines o nly .

Men-' 400 ft. (35mm.) $20.00 ppd. Women- 170 ft. 15 min.) $ 14 .00 ppd.

IMMEDIATE DELIVERY 31

By Jess Ro binson

It is not un common to mee t a trampolini st who ha s never learned a front or back ka boom _ S in ce kabooms are se ld om used in co mp etiti on many co aches feel it is a waste of tim e" wo rkin g on th em. In cases where a limit ed tim e ca n be spent on trampolin e beca use of studies or oth er acti vities perh aps th ey are ri ght. We have never been confronted with th is probl em and th erefore can 't hon estl y say that all availabl e tim e shouldn 't be spent workin g tow ard th e ultim ate goal-a co mpetiti ve routin e. For us, howeve r, k aboo ms ha ve proven to be a ver y valuabl e pa rt of our tra mp olin e program.

F irst of all , kaboom s are fun. On ce correc tl y learn ed they are quit e effortl ess to perf orm. Our trampolini sts turn ka boo ms

whil e res tin g an d b efore ge llin g off路 the tram polin e just for fun . Th ese extra som ersaults help develop a keen kin esth eti c sense. Seco ndl y, kabooms supply additional stunts to chall enge th e perform er's ability. On ce a baran y is learn ed, a fro nt kaboom barany is not difficult to master and th e same appli es to many other slunts. Each new stunt gives a sen se of accOlnpli shm ent

and as long as the tramp olinist is learnin g he maintain s interest. Third , quite oft en a new trick will be learn ed first from kaboom position and is then easy to perform from fee t. F or ex ample, we prefer to teach the doubl e front kaboom ( from stoma ch, double head und er to back drop I before a l:)tI. front som ersault from feet. On ce bed is spott ed durin g double

front kaboom the 1% is usuall y perfor'med co rrectly on first attempt eliminating dan ger of overturnin g. And last, swin gin g into and out of kaboo ms is easier than swin ging feet to feet som ersault s. Therefore, performer gain s confid ence swingin g kabooms and swin gin g oth er somersault doesn't see m so difficult. FRO NT K ABOOMS T o learn front kab oo m begin by perfectin g stoma ch drop in layout position. Then start in fir st quarter of trampolin e bed and jun.p backward s onto back half of bed, landin g in layout position with chest strikin g bed before legs ( feet should be approx imately six in ches above bed when chest land s) . Do not bend knees_ If landing is correct, kaboom acti on will make it almost imposs ible to com e directly ba ck to feet a fter stomach drop. On ce this forward acti on is felt, try kaboom to handstand by keep in g should ers down to bed after land-

Our th anks t o George Her y, Wo r ld Professio nal Tra m po line Champion f er these pictures.

FRONT KABOOMS

FRONT KABOOM TO HANDSTAND-First step in learning fro nt kab oom . Land in layout position w it h chest contacting bed before leg s. Momentum f or somersau lt is acquired by legs striking bed. Knees need not bend to get ka boom a ction.

FRONT KABOOM TO FEET-Once fr on t kaboom to handstand is perfected a tu ck after legs st ri ke bed should give performer fron t boo m to feet . Jumping backwards to stomach w ill make legs strike bed harder giving a better kaboom action.

DOUBLE FRONT KABOOM-I f fro nt kab oom is consistantl y performed t o fe et a doub le front kaboom (1 by ho lding tuck . Eventua lly perfo r mer sho u ld spot bed befo re landing as shown in frames 4 and 5.

ka-

somersault) can be executed

BACK KABOOMS

BACK KABOOM-As in front kaboom, body shou ld be in layout p osi ti o n befo re landing. Shou lders m ust strike bed before legs in order to execute a good kaboom. First attempts should be tried in spot tina belt .

BACK KABOOM WITH FULL TWIST-When performed correctly body mechanics of this st unt shou ld be same as in back with full twist, f ee t to feet. George sees trampo line bed in third frame and watches it until he lands.

DOU BLE BACK KABOOM--One of many stunts which can be performed from back as well as from feet . Twisting kab ooms and double kabooms with twists ore not difficult t o perform once kab oom is learned.

in g on stomach. Do not bend at waist from stomach drop to handstand. When this is acco mpli shed, a tuck after legs strike bed in kaboom , should res ult in front kaboom to feet. Re me mber that entire leg should be used to strike bed in kaboom. Many stunts normally performed from fee t ca n also be done from front kaboom positi on although it is more diffi cult to twist fr om sto mach than from feet. Several club members have performed a 1% twi stin g front kaboom to feet and doubl e twi st to back landin g but no one ha s qualifi ed a 2% twist ing front kaboom to feet. Doubles with twists such as baran y- in and baTany · out have been done and Steve Lern er made a Rudolph out fliffi s. Some club members have put th eir head under three tim es from front kaboom, wh ich is actuall y a forward 2% somersa ult. BACK KABOONI To get correc t action for back kaboo m, practice startin g in back quarter of tram poline bed and jump to forward portion of bed to co rpse pos iti on. Then jump forward as if to co rpse but land with shoulde rs first, legs second (feet should be approximately a foo t off of bed when shoulders hit). Do not pike, land in layout positi on, and again we stress-be ce rtain should ers land on bed fir st. When kaboom action is felt we suggest first attempt at so me rsa ult be in spo ttin g belt. Do not ru sh kaboom , kick bed with ent ire back of leg befor e tuckin g. After ki ck a tu ck and a back·

ward look for bed should result in back kaboom. Twi sts up to triples are no more difficult in back kaboom than from feet tak eoff and a number of doubl es with twist s ca n be exec uted backwa rd s from ba ck. Our club members enjoy perform in g ba ck ka · boom s with ki ck (or kip ) and ca n do some fantastic thin gs with the extra boun ce (see this month's unu sual stunt) .

GEORGE H ERY

George Hery, visiting Los Angeles before re porting for hi s lIew positi on on the East Coast, brought in his trampolin e training film. It is very well done. George performs many stun ts normally used in routines film ed . at both regular speed and in slow motion. Film is design ed to be cut and sp liced into loops so that stunts may be viewed and studied many tim es in succession. George perform s th e following stunts : front and back so me rsa ult s ; barany, Ru · dolph, back with full and double twi sts; double back; barany out an d barany in flif· fu s; 1 :)4 front somersault to bailout, barany baJl out and Rud olph bailout; :JtI ba ck to cody and l Y, hack to doubl e cody. Th e 125 foot film se lls at S2S.00. Th ose interested can write Trampolin e Inc. and we wi ll see that George rece ives your co r· respond ence.

RECORD OF THE Ma l TH 20 Front Kabooms (front somersaults from stomach to stoma ch ) perfor med by Rick Sayers of Burbank. UNUSU AL TUNT OR WIL D RO UT INE A Qauffis? Delvin DuNley, al so of Bur· bank , wi th a ki ck (o r kip I on the Aus· tralian trampoline bed, from a back kaboom landing pe rform ed a ba ck with half twi st and th en put hi s hea d under three times forward befor e landin g-a 3'h somersa ult wi th % twi st ( hea d und er four times) . Del· vin did thi s stunt half a dozen tim es b ~ · fore dec idin g it reall y wasn' t worth while. JUDY WILLS Judy Wills rece ntly learn ed a double co dy. As far as we' know she is the first girl to perform this stunt. Congratulations, Judy. CHARTS STILL AVAILABLE We have had many requests for the point valued fundamental tri cks ( 143 of th em) li sted on charls according to va lue. Th ese chart s are st ill available at no charge. Send a stamped self addressed enve lope ' to Je,.s Robin so n, clo Trampolin e In c.. 420 7 II" Magnolia Bl vd., Burbank, Cal if.

Any News? (If intt'n':--! til Irallq ndi ni :,t:-' " JI'S, ]{,! uin , ,,n. rill Traillpolin, · In ... . ·)207 \\"",1 .\I a~ n , di a Ilhd .. Bur ha nk. Calif. Send

Ilt'\\':--

NOTES FROM A NEUROTIC JUDGE by Roy Davis " Here we go 'round the briar pat~h" After a lot of talkin g and a few letters and a recent ins piration and a lot of pro· crastin ati on whi ch none of yo u know any· thin g about , the MODERN GYM AST has a jud gin g co lumn written by yo urs trul y ( which should be obvious), Roy Davis. Thf titl e is indicative of the coherence and logic with whi ch this proj ect will normall y be pursued. Pl ease rea lize that on any given day thi s co lumn co uld be loaded with gems of wi sdo m or burd ened with tri via whi ch one co uld possibl y interpret as th e product of an unbalan ced mind. It is our ea rn est hope to mak e inore sense than non sense, but at th e sam e tim e to prov id e th e rea de r with a cl ear and so me what enj oya bl e re past for hi s judg in g appetite. Jud gin g can be enjo yabl e, chall engin g, mise rable, or positively madd enin g. In view of th e n ew FIG and the many mi sint e rpre· tations which it permits, I suspect that ma ny have had a so mewhat fru stratin g tim e of it lat ely. Through the co mmuni ca tion po· tential of th e MG, thi s co lumn can hel p to clarify issues and provid e some contin o uit y throughout our country. Th e MG reaches man y areas in th e U.S. If these a reas honestly wi sh to pro gress a nd pro· mote the s port, th en they can take an act ive part in that growth by submittin g ma teri al and probl e ms to thi s column to take advan· tage of th e many opinions of th e growing li st of subscribe rs (which includ es virtuall y every influential coach and teachcr in the U.S.). Bein g rather limited in energy and int ell ect, I cannot hope to solve every prob· lem and answe r every question submitted. However , there are many peopl e who mi ght lik e to tackl e a ti cklish probl em or at least submit · an op inion. The task of ga th erin g that opinion will be up to me. Th ey say (don't ask me wh o) that pati ence is a vir· tu e. Accept it and practice it. I may not writ e sweet littl e personal r epli es to peo pl e submittin g questi ons, but I will do m y bes t to me nti on them or in clud e th em so mehow in the bu sin ess of thi s column . If I in ad· vertently includ e th e opinion of my analyst, th en accep t hi s id eas as tho se of an inter· es ted but techni cally untrain ed laym an and di sca rd th e m if yo u don' t agree with th em. You a re fr ee to do that with my op ini ons also, but if so, be ca reful when you ope n th e next parce l arr iving in the mail. Sin ce thi s co lumn originates in No rth ern Ca lifornia, it wi ll r efl ect th e guidin g philos· op hy prevalent in that area- which und e r· lin es one of th e probl ems in U.s. gy mnas· ti cs: sma ll but co nsistent differe nces through· ou t th e na t ion. Ea ch area see ms to have a chara cteristi c whi ch makes some performers and coac hes bit e their nails whil e oth ers la ugh glee full y. P erhaps these diffe. rences are justifiabl e and benefi cial. P erhaps they are a so urce of discontent. P erhap s th ey don't exi st. What do yo u think ? If such differences do exist, then th is column ca n help to iron th em out. I would grea tl y ap· precia te it if each area wou ld submit printed minut es of each meetin g to this column and a t th e sa me tim e agree to disc uss rec· ogni zed s pecific universal probl ems at their area mee tin gs. Such uni versal probl e ms will be sugges ted in thi s column. The com muni· cati on potenti al is tremendous. 1any prob· le ms co uld be handl ed neat ly, qui etl y, and finall y if each area co op era tes full y. What do you think ? "Comp lim ent s of Nort hern Ca lifornia " Th ey don' t kn ow it but they are a bout to become famou s (or infamous). Herewith,

below, nex t and und ern eath is a copy of the Constitution and By·Laws of th e orthern Ca lifornia Gymnastics Official s Association. It may not be a perfect in strument (So uth· ern ers and Yankees alik e will agree that ye old e U.s. Constitution has flaw s too.) , but it works pretty welL It may serve as a suitabl e guid e for young judge's orga:1i· za tlOn s wh o ma y be cuttin g tee th (or pulling th em ). Good lu ck! NORTHERN CALIFORNIA GYMNASTICS OFF ICIALS ASSOCIATION CONSTITUTION ARTICL£ I Name Th e name of thi s association shall be : the Northern Cal ifornia Gymnastics Association . ARTICLE II Purpose The purpose of t he Assoc ia ti on is to or· ga nize and certify all active officials, see that modern meth ods of evaluat in g and jud o-· in g are maintain ed, and promote the grow~l and ele vate th e quality of gy mnasti cs in northern California. ARTICLE III Membership Membership is limit ed to th ose officials in good standin g who abide by th e rul es of th e Constituti on. An offic ial can beco me a member by filin g an application with th e Recording Sec retary. All ap pli ca tion s are acted upon by th e Exec utive Comm itt ee. A member in good sta ndin g mu st conform to the foll owin g regulations: A. Attendance- Each member must attend at least 75 per cen t of all meetin gs. In the event of ex tenuatin g circu mstan ces, th e Ex· ec utive Committee will rule on the good standing of the member. B. Dues-Each member must pay annual membership dues as defined in the By·La ws. C. H onorary Lije Membership- Hon orary life mem bership shall be awarded to indiv· idual s who, by their serv ice to gy mnastics, are nomin a ted for this award. Granting of thi s award shall be subj ect to the approval vote of two·third s of the members pl esent at any regu lar mee tin g. Any memb er in good standing may make a nomination. ARTICLE IV Officers Section I - Office rs of th e Associa ti on shall be a Pres ident, Vice· Pres iden t, Record· in g Secretary, Treas urer, and a Certifi ca ti on Chairman. Secti on 2- All officers shall be elected by sec re t ball ot a t the last meetin g of the As· sociati on for the academ ic year, and shall hold office for a term of one yea r. Secti on 3-Vaca ncies in any offi ce shall be fill ed by tempora ry appointments by the President followed by an election at th e next

regul ar Jll ee ti ng.

Sectio n 4- Th e Exec uti ve Com mittee shall be co mpo se d of th e Pres ident, Vi ce·Pres i· dent , Recordin g Sec retary, Treasurer, Cer· tifi ca ti on Cha irm an, a nd th e two most reo cent past presidents. ARTI CLE V Duties of Officers Sec,ti on I- President A. H e shall preside at all Association mee tin gs.

B. He shall , with th e approval of th e Executive Committee, appoint all co mmittee chairm an. C. He shall ap point a No minatin g Co m· mittee, and this committ ee's li st of ca ndi· dat es shall be submitt ed to th e members prior to th e last annual mee tin g of th e Asso· ciat ion.

D. He shall co·sign with the Treasurer all di sbursement checks. Section 2- Vice Pre3ident A. He shall preside at Association meet· in gs in the a bsence of the Presid ent. B. He shall inform all members of the tim e, place, and program of each meetin g. C. He shall keep an up·to·dat e directory fi le of all current members. D. He shall be res pon sibl e for maintain· in g the Assoc iation's Cons tituti on and By· Laws in a current statu s. Section 3- R ecording S ecretary A. He shall kee p Minut es of all meet· ings and shall see that each member r eo ce ives a copy of the l'vlinutes of each mee t· in g. B. He receives all appli cations for memo bership a nd submits th em to th e Ex ecuti ve Com mitt ee. C. H e shall assign all judges for loca l dual mee ts and local tournam ents. D. He will maintain a record of attend· and ce a t all Assoc iation meetin gs. Secti on 4--Tr easu.rer A. He shall collect membe rship du es and issue mem bership cards. 8. He shall co·sign with the Presid ent all disb ursement checks. C. He shall present a ve rbal fin ancial re port to the me mbership at each bu sin ess meetin g, a nd he shall submit a written fi· na ncial repo rt to the Ex ecutive Committee at th e final busin ess meetin g of th e aca de mi c yea r. Secti on 5- Certiiication Chairman A. H e shall o~ga ni ze, plan, and admin · ister th e in stru cti onal part of each meetin g. B. H e shall be res pon sible for plan· nin g th e procedures for examinin g, class· ifyin g, and certifying all members. C. He shall make the res ult s of th e certifi ca ti on and classi{i ction cxaminati on avai la bl e to th e Association. D. He shall sign and di stribute certi· fi ca ti on card s to all members who h ave ful · fill ed the requirement s. E. He shall main tain th e confid ential fil e on rat in gs of judges by th e coaches. ARTICLE VI Mee tings Sect ion I - Meetin gs of the Assoc iati on shall be held four tim es during the aca· de mi c year, and th e ca lendar dat es for th ese mee tin g;s shall be de termin ed by th e Ex ec· utive Co mm ittee. Secti on 2- lt is reco mm end ed t hat th e sites of th e mee tin gs be r otat ed in th e fol · low in g areas throughout each academi c year : Sa n J ose area, West Ba y area, East Bay area , and th e Sacram ento area. Sec tion 3-A ll meetings of th e Asso ~ i " ti on shall be conducted acco rdin g to R oberts Rules oj Order. Section 4-A maj ority of the acti ve mem· bershi p present at a reg ul ar meetin g shall constitut e a qu orum. ARTICLE VII Am endm ent s Sec ti on I - Thi s Const ituti on may be a mend ed a t any mee tin g by a tw o·third s vo te of th e members present. Th e proposed amend ment mu st have been submitted in writing to the Associa tion at a prev ious mee tin g.

Secti on 2- By·Laws · lllay be am ended or re pealed a t any lll ee tin g by a majorit y vo te of th e membe rship present. BY·LAWS ARTICLE I Du es The annu al dues shall be two dollars (82.00 ) and shall be payabl e on or before th e fir st mee tin g of th e aca demic year.

ARTICLE II Disbursement of Funds Section I-Disburse ment of the Assoc iation fund s shall be limited to the follo win g: A. Stamps and station ery necessary to Association bu siness. B. Printin g of membership cards and mim eographin g .

Secti on 2- Th e auth ori zati on of furth e r di sbursement of Association fund s shall be by approval of a majority of the Executive Committee. ARTICLE III Certification of Jud ges

FIGilemma

Section I-Certificati on of judges will be accomplished throu gh procedures established by th e Certification Chairman. Section 2- Each judge mu st officiate a minimum of five meets annually, at least two of which must be co mm ensurat e with hi s classifi cati on. If he fail s to meet thi s minimum , he cannot improve his certifi cation until the following year. Section 3- Ea ch judge shall be rated by parti cipatin g coaches in dual and championship mee ts. Rating forms shall be forwarded to the Certification Chairman. These rating form s shall be confid ential to the Certificati on Chairman and can be mad e available to th e indi vidual jud ge upon request.

Section I - The R ecordin g Secretary must acco mpan y each assignm ent with a re turn postca rd. Th e judge mu st return thi s card within two days. If the card is not re turn ed, the Record ing Secretary shall assum e th e and

"FIGilemma" or clarifying the definiti ons: Nissen and th e AA U both printed tran slations of the FIG. There were so me alarmin g diff erences; albeit one could only conclude that someone erred. Brilliant! Solution to the mystery: call Jack Webb , Agent 007, Sherlock Holmes, and Stan Freber g. None of them co uld come because of previous committments: Their notes were on elegant stationary from Russia with love. Sam Baillie called an emergency meetin g in Tucson immediately afte~ Christmas. The substitutes assembled and among them was one genuine article; Mr. Irwin Volze. HE had so me important an swers . .. !vlak e the followin g changes : DEFINITION OF EVENTS Article V

ARTICLE IV Assignmen t of Jud ges

assignment was not received

Secti on 2~Dejinitions. A. Dual !vl ee t: 1. Up to and includin g 10 men per event and 2. Three schools or less B. Tournament: 1. More than 10 men per event or 2. More than three school s C. Champi~nship: Any con test in which a team champion is determin ed. (Constitution and ByLaws with am endm ents as of January 1, 1964. )

another

jud ge will be assigned. Section 2- Judges who cannot mee t a judging assignm ent must notify the Recording Secretary at least ten (10) days in advance so a substitute can be obtained. Secti on 3-Special req uests by coaches for judges in dual mee ts and tournaments should be consid ered in makin g assign ments. Section 4-In order to fa cilitate assignment of judges each coach shall submit his sched ule to th e Reco rding Secretary at the fir st mee ting of the academic year. Sectio n S-Fa ilure to appear for a judging assignmen t shall be consid er ed a serious breach of ethi cs and shall be referred to th e Executive Committee for r ev iew. The errant judge shall forf eit a 135.00 penalty fee , payable to the Treasurer. It shall be the res ponsibility of th e jud ge to send a le tter of apology to the co aches invol ved. H e may mak e a writt en appeal to th e Executive Committee for refund of the penalty _ The Exe ~ ut i ve Committee may ca ncel all remainin g assignm ents for th e academic year. ARTICLE V F ee Policy for Judges Sec ti on I- Beginning in academic year 1964-65, eac h judge assigned by thi s Association shall be paid for his services according to the following minimum fee schedul e : A. High School: Dual !vl eet-S IO Tournam ent-SIS Cham pion shi p-SIS B. College: Dual Meet-SIS Tournament-S20 Cham pion shi p-S20 C. Ind epend ent: 1. Age Group to 18 yea rs-sa me as Hi gh School 2. Age Group including adult open compe tition-sa me as College

I - Parallel bars . . . the exerci se must contain at least one B part below or above th e bars in which th e grip is momenta r ily released and . . . (Th is tran slation is almost co nsistent with the NCAA rules for 1965. The NCAA Rul es are worded: " . . . at least on e part below and one B part above th e bars in which the grip is mom entarily release . . ."). . In view of th e fact that this difference is signifi cant, the Tucson group voted to adhere to the most widely published and influential se t of rul es, the NCAA. Howeve r, one can ex pect a clarification of thi s discrepancy soon aft er the NCAA Rul es committee meets in March. (l hope) . Rega rdin g the other descriptions of events, th er e are no signifi cant differences in th e two tran slated versions (AAU and ' isse n) , but the NCAA ring description differs from both translation s. Becau se the tran slation s were not available at th e time th e NCAA rules committee met last year, they made no chan ges in th e ring req uirement s. The FIG added , however (a nd this is where judging gets madd enin g), that a sw in g hand stand may be " . . . from a hangin g position, or an inverted hang, or a half-inver ted han g." THIS change will be discusse d in th e nex t column. Any id eas will be welcomed. The remainder of th e descriptions are as follow s (according to AAU tran slation) : 1. Parallel bars Swing, flight, strength , and hold s (s tati c parts) . The sw ing and fli ght phases should predominat e. The exer cise mu st contain at least one part in vo lvin g strength and one B co mpon ent execut ed over or under th e hand grip s by simultaneous release of grips. There ca n be n o more than three stops according to Art. 6B 3 e. 2. Horizontal Bar Exclusively sw inging movements with no stop, offering a combination of giant turn s with other va riation s, or highvalue connecting movement s.

3. Sid e horse Exclu sivel y sw inging move ments with no stop , pa sses of one and both legs, sc isso rs forwa rd and rearward one of which, at least, mu st be double. Ci rcles of both legs must predominate in th e exerci se ,a nd the three parts of the horse must be us\;.d. For th e compulsory exercise, circl es of both legs in the oppos it e directi on may be co nsid ered. 4. Rin gs Combined m 0 v e m e n t s of sw in gin g, strength, and hold s (s tati c part s ) , without swaying of th e rings. The exerci se mu st includ e at least two hand stand s, of whi ch one must be through strength , and the other in a swing from a hanging pos iti on, or an in ve rted han g, or a halfin vert ed han g. In addition , it mu st in clude at least one hold of pron oun ce d difficulty , such as th e fr ee front hor izontal support , th e cr oss, th e in ve rted cross or others. 5. Floor exercise Th e fl oor exercise must form a harmoni ous and rh ythmi c whole, through alternating elemen ts involving suppl eness and strength , holdin g and balan ce. With shift s in differen t directions, kip s, jumps, and hand stand s. Abusive re petitions ar e to be avoided as are transition s and poses that are too simple, and sup er fluou s ta ke-off steps. Th e dura ti on of th e fl oor exerc ise is 70 sec. maximum , and fifty sec. minimum , and th e limits of th e 12 x 12 me ter area cann ot be gone bey ond . 6. Long horse va ult The type, diffi cu lty, executi on as well as the value of the jumps are cove red by Art. 8, page 17. Pl ease submit all mail to th e folkwin g address : Mr. R oy Da vis, 715 Laurel St. , San J ose, California 95126.

Name of group

l'I'l ailin g address

OHi cel'5:

Meeting Dat es :

an ex tra co nstituti on is available , please ! encl ose it. jf

"WHAT'S THE SCORE?"

Il l' J tlTy \\' right :)all Frallci,cu ' ::itak Cullege

ers in eac h event and supp l ied o ne judge. Also

From all preliminary indi cat ions it would appear that the top teams thr oughout the collegiate ranks ore as f ollows: Region I Penn Stat e and Da vid L ipscomb. Re gion 2 Michigan and Southern Illi nois Region 3 Iowa State and Air Force Region 4 Wash ington and San Fernando Look t o see Penn State and Washington meet in the fina ls at Southern. Illinois with Penn

Sta t e the easy winner. Ele v enth Annual UCLA Invitational H ost: A rt Shu rl ock San Fernando Va lley St ate Col lege dominated the II th Annual UCLA Inv itati onal Gymnastics championships held Feb . 13, 1965. Dan Garcia of LA State won the all - a round, and Fl oor Exercise. Bill Nash o f L A State won th e Side Horse . Bru c e Foo t of Lang Beach Sta te ca ptured the T rampo l ine . Ru st y Rock of SFV won the High Bar and Paral lel Bars and Rings. Bill Goffaney o f LA State won the Long H orse and Minn i Inouye of Long Beach Stat e ti ed with Rock for first on the ring s. Results FX : 2. John Gardener, 9.25; 3. Ru st y Rock, 8.75. SH: 2. Dan Garcia, 8.10; 3. Gene Spindler, San Diego, 7.95. Tramp : 2. John Gardener, 3. Clayton Chri smon, Cal Poly, 8.75. High Bar: 2. Dan Garcia, 8.85; 3. Terr y Ga lbraith, 8.70. Long Horse : 2. Dan Garcia , 9. 10; 3. Ru st y Rock, 9.00. Parallel Bars: 2. Dan Garc ia , 8 .85; 3. John Gardener, 8.70. Still Rings : 3. John Mogginett i, SFV, 9.00 All-Around: I . Dan Garcia, LA State, 53 . 15; 2 . Rust y Rock, SFV, 51.80; 3. John Magginett i, SFV, 49.90; 4. John Gardener, SF V , 49.45; 5. Ta d Saka m ot o, UC LA, 46.95. INLAND EMPIRE CHAMPIONSHIPS The In la nd Empire champi onships were hosted by Kennew ick High Schoo l at Kennewick, Washington thi s yea r with the top team being Eastern Wa sh ington State. Team : I. Eastern Washi ngton St ate; 2. Washington State Universi t y; 3. Cheney Gym Club;

4. Woshi ngton

State

Frosh.

Free Exercise :

Don Fu nderburg , EWSC; 2. Steve Woodward , EWSC; 3. Bob Slack, WSU. Trampoline : I. Dan W inters, EWSC; 2. To by Ell iott, WSU Frosh; 3. Jon Warren, WSU Frosh . Parallel Bars : I , Steve Woodward, EWSC; 2 . Jo n Thorne, EWSC; 3 . Dave Miller, WSU. Still Rings : I . Steve Woodward, EWSC; 2. Mike Hanav an , WSU; 3. T ed Bryan, EWSC. All - Around : I. Steve Woodwa rd , EWSC , 44 .69; 2. Da ve Mil ler, WSU, 39.99; 3, Mike Hanavan, WSU, 39.53 . Side Horse: I . Mike Garv in , EWSC ; 2. Jay Shaw , WSU; 3. Dave Miller, WSU, Horizontal Bar: I. Stev e Woodward , EWS C; 2 . Jay Shaw, WS U; 3. Mike McCarthy, WSU Frosh. Long Horse : I. St eve Woodward, EWSC; 2, Jay Shaw, WSU; 3, Chuck Messenger, EWSC. CENTENNIAL LEAGUE GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS The Annua l Centennial League Gymnastics Meet was he ld on Feb. 5, 1965 at Seaman High School in Topeka , Kansas. The League is composed of seven schools: Atchinson, Seaman (of Topeka), Washbu r n Rural (of T opeka), Hay den (of T opeka ), Highland Park (of Topeka ), Shawnee Heights (of T opeka ), and Leavenwor th , all

situated in No rth east Kansas. MEET RESU LTS Team Score: I .Atchinson, 66; 2 . Seaman, 53V2; 3. Washbu rn , 18 V2; 4. High land, 16; 5 . Shawnee, 0; 6, Hayden , 0; 7. Levenworth, O. Floor Exercise : I . Ste ve Kinder, HP ; 2, Don Bridges , A ; 3 . Edd ie Thomason, A . Side Horse: I. Steve Thomas, Se; Bob Fa st , A ; 3. Steve Sutley, A. Trampoline: I , Don Seym our, A; 2 . George Kneen , WR; 3. Paul Johnson, Se. . High Bar: I . Steve Th omas, Se; 2. Ron . Bridges , A; 3. Mike McDerned , A ; 3. Wayne Miller , Se. Parallel Bars: I . Di c k Martin, Se; 2 . Mike Mc Dermed , A; 3. Don Bridges, A. Still Rings: I . Kirk Gardner, A; 2 . Dick Martin , Se; 3, Roosevelt Wa llace, HP . Tumbling : I. Jerry Anderson , WR ; 2 . Don Br idges, A; 3 . Kar l Garner, Se,

FOURTH ANNUAL FOR NORTHERN CALIFORNIA HIGH SCHOOL CHAMPIONSHIPS Saturda y n ight, Feb. 20th, Enterprise High School h osted the Fourth Annual Far N or thern Ca l if. Gymnastic L eague Championships. Th e league cons ist s of Del N orte H ,S, o f Crescent City, Eureka H .S., Yreka Union H .S, and Enterprise H igh School of Reddmg . In Girl ' s Dual Meet Competition , Eureka was undefeated. Enterprise finished second and Del N o rte Third , Since the Boys' Dual Meet Competitio n ended in a three way tie f o r first place between Eureka , Enterprise,. and Yreka, the meet S~t足 urday was t o deC ide n ot onl y the t op five competitors in each event, but the top sch ool in the league as well. Each schoo l ente re d its thr ee t o p perform judging were Emor y Spring , former Hungarian gymnast s Alex and Ma rta Va rga , and former Sou th ern Calif. A ll -Around Champion Terr y Healey. When the meet was ove r and the tie fina ll y broken, Enterprise wa s decla r ed the wi nner with 54 points. Eureka was second with 48 and Yreka third with 34 . Besides medals for the first three places and ribbol)S for fourth and fifth , trophies we r e given t o the gi rl and boy scoring the most p oi nts. They went to Bonny Garri son of Eureka and Je rr y Shirley o f linterpri se. Wa dswo rth and Martin led their prospective team s in the boys div isio n with Wadsworth o f Eureka garnering firsts on the long h o rse and parallel bars, and Martin of Yreka captured a first in the tumbl ing and a tie for first in FX. Coon o f Ent. defeated Shirley on the HB , Martin defeated Lacy of Yreka on the Rope, Cla rk of Del Norte edged Bean o f Eureka on the tramp o l ine , Turner o f Eureka narrowly slipped past Bihl o f Enterpr ise on the side horse, and Handl y o f Y reka was runner up t o Marti n on t he rings . Women 's Division Ga rri son wo n the vault ing and unevens and was runner up on the trampo li ne. Th ompson defeated Cope land of Eureka on the FX , Hager of Del Norte defeated Garrison on the trampo line, Kov ic h o f Eureka edged Sattler o f Enterpri se o n t he balance beam and Mi les barely slipped by Th ompson of Enterprise in tumb l ing. Eureka won the team title with Enterprise second and Del Norte third. 55th ANNUAL NORTHWEST GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS Mankato Sta t e captured the "A " class team tit le in the 55 th Annual Northwest Ch ampionships held Feb, . 20 , 1965. Len Th ompson o f Mankato led the p erfo rm ers wi th a first in the all-around and a first on the high bar and lon g h orse and a 2nd on the r ings. Larry Gleason of t h e Gopher A lum ni was runner up in the a ll around, and high ba r and t hird on the parallel bars. Tom Arneson also o f the Gopher Alumni won the side h o rse and the rings, John Tobler cap tured the FX and was 2nd on the trampoline and long h o rse . Jerry Hall and T om Arnes on tied for first on the parallel bars, Dale Anderson won th e trampoline t o fin ish ou t the list of wi nners. HIGH SCHOOL CLASS " A " DIVISION Lou Ri v it of Minneapolis Marshall led his t ea m to a c0mfort a ble victory by v irtue o f wins on t he high bar, tramp o l ine and th e all around. Mark Howell-Univers ity High cap tured the FX and the tumbling t o edge Roger Neist of A l bert Lea in the fo rmer and M . Zenk of Fa irmont in th e latter and was 2nd on tram po l ine and all around . Gary Nel son of Anoka edged Vern Wi llers of Eau Clai r Memoria l f or the side horse t it le, Dave Stende o f Roosevelt finished ahead of Lou Ri vet and Vern Willers on the rings and Dennis Krossche ll of Marsha ll ba r ely edges Stende on the para llel bars. 7th ANNUAL INVITATIONAL Results o f the 1965 Un iversit y of Den v er H igh Schoo l Invitatio'1al Gymnastics meetMarch 5-6, 1965, All-Around : I , Eric Singer, Fairv iew; 2. Terr y Truman , Aurora Centra l; 3. Terr y Shortt, Wasson; 4. Paul Fallico, Wheatr idge; 5. Kyle Boyce, Abraham L incoln. Free Exercise: 1. Berg, "'Iver Ranum; 2 . Truman, AC; 3. Prou lx, Fair v iew . Side Horse : 1. Edwards, Fairview; 2 . H orv ath , AC; 3, Folger , IR . Trampoline : I . Gau thier, A L; 2, Ewing , AL; 3. Krei ger , Thomas Jefferson. High Bar: I. Deist , AC ; 2. Pickup, AL; 3. Proulx, Fairview. Long Horse : 1. Denslow, South ; 2. Boyce, AL; 3. Go ff , South . Parallel Bars: I. Sing er, Fair v iew; 2 . Beckel, IR; 3. Schanburger, Wasson , Still Rings : I . Doty, S.; 2. Mitts, IR; 3. Str ange, A L. Tumbling: I . Boger , A L; 2 . Rose, Fairv iew; 3. Proul x, Fairv iew. Team Scores: Fairview, 69; Lincoln, 61 ; Auro ra c. , 47 ; Bonum, 46; Wasson, 28; South, 26 .

EASTERN

KANSAS REGIONAL HIGH SCHOOL CHAMPIONSHIPS Lawrence High School captured the Eastern Regional championships held at O lath e High School, O lathe, Kansas on Feb. 13, 1965. Led by Bob Pierson who captured the Floor Exercise, and still rings , Charl es Beer who won the Side H orse , Roger Hemphill winner of the High Bar, Mike Glover winner o f the Parallel Bars, and Bob Whitaker winner of the Tumbling. The La w rence team piled up 60 po ints to finish ahead o f Olathe w ith 29V2 and At ch iso n 16 V2. Other standouts included Stan Roo d who was runnerup in the FX and Tumb ling and Don Bridges who was third on the parallel b ars and third in the Floor Exerc ise. Other highl ights inc luded Ron Wesonig-O lathe 2nd on high b ar , Randy Mallonee-Olathe,2nd on St ill Rings, Craig Simmons-Topeka West, third on Side H o rse , Vi c Haines 3rd on High Bar, Dick Martin-Seaman, 3rd on Still Rings and Ed H a r vey 3rd in Tumbling. FIRST DELAWARE INTERSCHOLASTIC MEET Norm Lack won two ev ents to lead Brandywine High t o a 58V2 t o 21 \12 gymnastics vict o ry o v er host Newark. It was the first inter sch o last ic va rsit y meet ever held in Delaware. Lack won the h o rizo ntal bar routine, scoring 23.4 points and the long h o rse in 25 .9. He also tied or finished second in the other three events on the cord. Floor Exercise: 1. Fred Biesinger, Brandywine; 2. N orm Lack, B; 3 . Jeff Moore, Newark, Side Horse : I . Bob McDonald , B; 2. Lack, B; 3 . Moore, Newark. Horizontal Bar: I. Lack , B; 2. T om Hames, B; 3 . Richard Cerchio, B. Long Hors e: I. Lack, B; 2 . Moore , N; 3 . Mike Roberts" N. Pa rall el Bars : I. Kaffenberger, B; 2 , (tie) La ck and Cerchio, B,

WISCONSIN OPEN Men 's Senior Division Don Fr iend and Jim Hopper scored impres siv e wins in the sen ior div ision as Don won the FX, LH , HB , and All-Around. Jim won th e PB and the Sti ll Ring s, Jim H y nds was run ner-up on the SH, PB , HB , and A ll -Around, The F'lint Gymnastic Club won the team title over LaCrosse State Col lege. M en 's Junior Division Charles Flegger led this division with vic tori es in the FX, Tumb l ing, HB , a nd AIIAround. Ne i I Little cap tured the L ong H o r se, Wo lfgang Boez won the Side H orse, Dick Zaleski won the Parall e l Bars, George Montcast le wo n the Still Ring s and Wa ll y Kann won the Trampoline. Jack Petri was a constant heada che as he was 2nd o n the HB , PB , and AII Around. The team champion was Milwaukee Institute of Tech . Men's High School Division The Bauer family carted off m ost of the top awards as Da ve won the Side Horse, and the All-Around and Scott won the Trampoli ne. Gary Kru~ger won the Tumbling , Brian Kanter won the FX, Larr y Tayl or, Fred Hanneman and Mike Sasich tied f or fir st on the Lang H o rse and Ron Semanki captured the PB , Th e team champion was Boy View. Men's Novice Division. Paul Koepke and Doug Berry led thi s divi sion a s Paul won the HB and the All -Around, and Doug wo n the FX and Tumbling . Bruce Harlen won th e tram pol ine, Stev e Ferguson won the Lang H orse, Pat Boy won the side Horse James Metcalf won the Para l lel Bars and Mike Zepeda cl osed out the competition by capturing the Still Rings, Team champion was Northwest Chicago Turner s. Women ' s Senior Division Linda Metheny of the McKin ley YMCA cap tured th e FX, BB , Unev ens, Vaulting, and the All-Around, with Lynnell Hennecke winning the Tumb li ng and Vicki Bollinger the Tramp. Judy Lucas was ru nner-up in the 88, ~nev ens, Vau lti ng and All-Ar ound. Th e team title was won by the Milwaukee Turners. Women ' s Junior Division Ba rbara Bauer led the Eugstrom Gy m Club w ith v icto r ies in the v ault ing , FX, and AIIAround. Judy Boettcher won the Unev ens, Pat Felicelli won the Tumbling, Linda Fleck won the Balance Beam , and Bonnie 8asco~ captured the trampo line. The team champIo n was the Northwest Chicago Turners. Women 's Novice Division Heidi Schultz and Diane Bondi led the field a s Heidi won the All-Around , Unev ens, and Vau lting , and Diane w on the 8alc:lnce 8eam and Tumbling and was run ner up In the AIIAround. The team champion was again the Milwaukee Turners. Women's Novice Beginner Division Carol August yn won the A II ~Around, FX, and Balance 8eam with Jean PrewItt the winner In the Tumbling , Ann Sib ley the Winner on the Trampo li ne, Lynda Roeming first on the v aulting a n d Nancy Stalec first on the Unevens, Th e team champ ion was Spr ingfield.

DEFINITION OF EXHIBITION There ' s prohi b ition of opposition Whi le performing on exhibi t ion No scor es are flashed, just fingers mashed In sor e condition.

Fumbling tumb l ing and tripping flipping,

M.G. Back

Editions

Added to persisting twisting, Smus~es elbows, crushes big toes,

And Ju st adds t o pain existing . Ex h ib it ions a r e qui t e a la r ming, Often h a r ming, and se ldom ch arming I rr itation fr om dislocation is aggrava t ion And quite d isa r ming . Beams that vibrate fail to crea t e

D e ar Ec1 itOI', I illll d e li g hted Illonth' ::; is~·n l e o f

nn d p l eased with this Th e M oder n Gym n as t .

Th e . I % ·1 Tokyo OIYlllpic Games in g-ymn;\sl!es wel:e dl:-;play e d in an e Xll'ayagant : 1~Hl ~ lII H · I:fln.e way. I a ll1 glad t hat yo ur dl:--\play ot pl(: tlll' e ~ went to all ext r e m e s. III the fll tlll'e, 1 wo uld lik e to see m ore snap-s h ot s and pi('tures in M odern Gy m nas t . Also T would lik e to r e ad so m e in;

fO nll<l lion abo ut e xpn:·:..;s ion and form b e for e sta rtin g' a routine . S incel'el y

Y0111'S,

have

had

m a ny c om p li men t s o n

o u r O l y m p i c Specia l a nd our l ibe r al use of

p h otos. D on 't

get

ma d! . .

Bars p r oceed to b reed, indeed, Hands in need o f constant chalking. Halting vaulting, prancing dancing,

Intermingled with thumping jump ing , Make exhibitions of true ambitions, Bar no ommisions, sometimes bumping. My coach denounces ext r a bounces In my routine on trampo l ine -

But I must add, my trick s are bad Even w ith t en bounces in between.

Don Mazak Kette rin g', O hio ED. We

Any sedate st eady wa l king -

But t h oug h I'm b ru ised and qui t e confused, I still en joy gymnastics Gay le Rogers Dru id Hi ll s

W ri t e!

D e a l' S irs: P le a se find

e n c lose d 111Y e o}))' o f t h e i\Iod e rn (;Y IlIIl :1St which arrived tod; I Y with se y e r a ) paRes Llank. . P le a se ~ e nd tn e a co mple t e eopy.

Thank you, C . Hanly Los Ange les,

ad d ress,

w .h o

h ave

z in es

w l~h

b l ~ r re d

re n ew a l

a lrea d y

no ti ces

re n ewed ,

M aga-

t ype, o r phot os or one

place yo u r copy, or c h a n ge your ad d ress, do what ever possible t o Keep you an ac · tl ve and sa t isf i ed M. G. su bscriber.

D U EL M EET RE C ORD Dea r Mr. Sundby : Coach G e n e \ 'V e tlstone s u gg- e~ t ed that I pn.s!'i th I S I.Jh.:)tOgTnph a long to you for p oss Ib le li s e J11 IVfocl e rn GYlnnast.

T he

photo

e n l nrg"ecl

Heel"e '.llio n

s h ows

Ollr

g-Y lllna s iulll ,

B uilding";

newly-re no vated (o fficial

Capa c ity:

name:

7500)

111 ore Impor tant s.hows ho\\r se riou :-; Iy

Sla t e l'~ tak e

uut

P e nn

t h e n" g-y mna s ti(' s .

This particular m eet-th e first e v e nt in th.e n ew g-ymnaf:iUlll-Was nul' c1u;\! 111 ee t w ith 1\fass:t e hu s e tts Jan. 9 and th e c r owel on hand. numb er ed 6[)00. ]n ot h e r hom e I~l.ee t!-; thls ye ar w e dre w 4800 a g·a in s t

I IU,bul"g"h, (;500 T e mpl e,

ag·cllllsl cou r se.

ag-ain,t ArtilY, and GROO a ll e stimated (: J·owds o f

Th e GROO o n hand for t h e T e mpl e m ee t (be lt e "erl to h e th e larg-e't ("\"1)\\,(1 e , 'e r t o see Cl. gymna s ti c s dual l11eet i n t his c ountry ). watch ed P e nn State w in it s e ig·hth st.J· a l g· h~ IlH' e t in an unbeate n s eC\son to

c ltll ch

doc.umentary

phota

book

(9\1,' x 10") covering I 00 pages o f both most

t h a t arr i ves In ppor co nditi on . . . If th is h a p pens t o yo u . . . W e are sorry . . . B ut don't jus t get mad a t us . . . do some t ~ i ng abou t i t , le t u s k n ow your M.G. arrived in p oor co n d it io n , as Mr. Hardy did . . . W rite . . . th e n we can reo

and

Georgia

women

gymnasts

in action.

There are 77 photos in co lor of which

Ca lif.

p r ob l ems and r espo n s ibil iti es of pub l isni n g th e M.G . . . . We t ry to keep up wit n them al l . . . but w e sl ip h ere and t nere, t~ose

H igh Atlanto,

PORTFOLIO OF GYMNASTICS ' 1 964 TOKYO OLYMPIC . This

men and

ED . As the subscrip t io n s grow so grow tne

c h a n ges

PAST EDITIONS OF MG AVAILABLE

Demons t ratio n s are exp l ications Of a spo r t not meant for spastics -

Its 10t h E:a~t e rl1 t ea lll titl e . S in c e r e ly , Janles 1. Tanl1all S p o rts Information Di l'e cto r

Penn State packs them in f or a Gy m Meet .

are

full

page

pictures

al o ng

w ith

several large doub le poge co lor photos of Caslavska, Latynia and Astokhova. 27 o f the 77 color pho t os ore of the Top Men Gymnasts, Endo, shakhl in Tsurmi Cerar Menichelli, etc. (olso 2S large bl~ck and w hi te photos of the Olympic competit ion) Ph o t ographed by expert spo r t photographer s o f the Asahi Press, t h e largest newspaper

company o f

SPECIA L: Volume S complete $3 .S0; single issues at SOc ea ch ( N os. 1-7 ) Double ed ition Nos. 8 & 9, $ 1. 00 .

ALSO AVAILABLE Volume 1 com p let e w ith o r iginal compl im entor y edition $4.00 ; si ngle issues 3Sc each . O r igina l com po edition availob le on ly wi t h compl ete vo lume o rder . Volume 2 Nos. 2-7, 3Sc each , N os . 8 & 9 dou bl e edit ion 70c. Volume 3 Nos. 2, S, 6, 7, 8, 9, 3Sc each . V olume 4 com pl et e $3.S0; sing le issues SOc ea ch .

ORDER NOW :

M. G. BACK EDITIONS P. O. Box 611

Japan.

Published by the Asahi Press . Now a v ailab le at $7.S0 per copy from Frank Endo 12200 So. Berendo Ave. Los Angeles, Co.! if .

Santo Monica, Calif.

TUMBLING AND FLOOR EXERCISE A 23-minute film designed to he lp teach g y mnastics hos been produced by the Cen ter for I nstructiona l Commun ications a t SyracLi.::.e un ive r sity.

The

fi lm ,

"Tumbling

and

Floor

Exer-

cises: Basic and Intermediate, " features member s of the Syr acuse Un ive r sity gym-

nastics

squad

directed

(Coach )

"Studio Rentals-All Like New Backyard Type

Pau l

C. Rom eo. Eleven tumbl ing and severa l f loo r exercises a r e demonstrated in the fi lm· including forward, dive and backwa r d

ro ll s, h and ond

TRAMPOLINES

Sx I 0' bed,

ax 13 ' frame , weather proo f bed

6x 12' bed,

9x I S' frame , weatherpr oof bed

$ 175 .00 $ 199.00

head stands, cartwheels,

r o undoffs , neck sp ring s and forward hand

Folding

stands. The floor exercises are designed to stimulate students to make up their own exercises, Romeo said. Ex c e llence in execution is stressed throughout the film.

Spec ial

photographic

techniques

such

as freeze - m o ti o n and slow mot ion are u sed to emphasize particular points. Romeo said the film is sui table for u se with students from primary through college age with beg inning and inter-

mediate g y mnastic skills. The fi l m is a v ailab le

fr om

the

mo-

6x 12'

bed, 9x I S'

7x 14' bed,

School f r ame,

Mod e ls n ylon

web

bed $ 425 .00 lOx 17' fra me, nylon web bed $ 499 .00

TRAMPOLINE INC. 4207 W. Magnolia Blvd . Burbank, Calif.

tion picture depa r tment of the Center for I nst.ruction a l Co mmuni ca tions, Syra-

c u se Un ive rsity, Campu s.

Bui ld ing

D-7,

Co l lenda le

NEW WOOD TOPS FOR JR. ALL-AMERICAN PARALLEL BARS New laminated top g rode hickory t op rails ha v e been added to the #PB-IOO paralle l ba r s in t he Jr. All-American Line Series 100 gymnastic equipment from American Athletic Equipment Company of Jefferson, Iowa. These new t op bars are true Olympic shaped and are equipped

with the cold rolled steel co re the so me as the Olympic bar. Top fle xib ilit y is possible with this o lwcost bar and bas ic gymnastic stunts are much easier to perform. Fo r further informati on and sch oo l prices on t his unit r equest the Jr. AIIAmerican gymnastics cata log # 6 5.

IGM UNIFORM SUPPLIERS for 1964 United States Olympic Gymnastics Team 3256 North Avenue Chicago, Ill inois 60647, USA

ANEW STANDARD FOR EXCELLENCE!

OLYMPIC" GYMNASTIC APPARATUS 8y

Pm§ramAids

-:-

New revolutionary design, coupled with husky, chromesparked good looks and absol utely unmatched quality -th at 's the OLYMPIC' series. Years of re sea rch plu s cons ultant serv ices from dozens of lead in g American and European gymn astic coac hes have gone into producin g the ultimate in equipment. Every piece of PROGRAM AIDS OL YM PI C' appa ratus conforms to Olympic req uirements and exceeds all competi tive specifications' Th at's why PRO GRAM AI DS ca n offer an UNM ATCHED -UNHE ARD OF 20-YEAR GUARANTEE on each and eve ry piece of appa ratus .

--" _ - -__r--_~

....................

The Program Aids Company Inc. 550 Garden Avenue , Mount Vernon , N. Y.

D Please send Free color-full 84-page catalog featuring your revolutio nary OLYMPIC GymnastiC Appara tu s. D Please rush my Free" copy of your J6-Page FullColor Mat Catalog. " D Pl ease have your repre se ntative ca ll on me.

No expense has been spared in making the PROGRAM AID S OLYMPI C' lin e-there is no short-cut t o perfection , no cheap way to produce top qua lity and lifetime durability . You'd expect this equipment to be costly , but PROGRAM AIDS- as always-brings yo u outstanding quality at pric es no higher th an mo re cheap ly made substitutes.

Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pos" _ _ __

SchoOI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ Cily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Slale _ _ __

' TR ADEMARK

.. 11'1.

Other Pace-Setters From

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Adapto·Gym*· Physical

A~iusto.Bar*'

Fit~ess Aids

. Combo·Gym*

~halle_nge

• .

Courses

•

PlaYlT!aster* Coaching Kits •

•

Lite Weight mats

Tuf·Flex* Boundary Markers

•

etc.

GYM MASTER

Performance and Appearance ... a Sure Nissen gymnastic equipment looks great. Why shouldn't it with its bold, modern design and luxurious nickel chrome finish. But beneath this practical beauty is the rugged, dependable, proven craftsmanship that pays off where it counts-in championship performance. All in all, some impressive reasons why Nissen gymnas-

INI SSE NI Tradition

tic equipment is preferred by more gymnasts and coaches than all other brands combined. For additional information, write:

NISSEN CORP., Cedar Rapids. Iowa, 52406 NISSEN-S~"H

Tokyo, J.p.n

NISSEN TRAMPOLINE CO., LTD. London, Engl.nd

NISSEN-SENOH EQUIPMENT CHOSEN FOR 1964 OLYMPIC GAMES, TOKYO, JAPAN