Modern Gymnast - March 1970 by USA Gymnastics

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notes FROM THE

THE MODERN GYMNAST MAGAZINE

editor:

Official Publication of the United States Gymnastic Federation

SUPER FLOP! In years back when there was only one or two Winter Clinics and a couple of Summer Gymnastic Camps we could pack our camera and a few rolls of film a notebook (and a few old MGs for identification) into our VW and hit the road for a couple of weeks and come back with enough photos and news to fill several future editions of the MG (ah! those were the informal days). There are now so many Camps & Clinics we can 't keep track of them all. On top of that we are so busy at the MG office we can 't get away to even cover one or two. But I guess we are not alone (being busy, that is) because when we wrote to all the known directors of the many Christmas Clinics and Camps throughout the country that we were planning a "Super Clinic Edition " of the MG in March, and they should rush! us photos and reports of their Clinic .. .. Well, beside what you see in this issue all we received were some additional newspaper clippings (which do not reproduce well) and some ditto score sheets that left us confused and cold . .. . So the future of Super-Clinic and Camp MG editions doesn 't look bright.

HIGH SCHOOL SPECIAl: Don't wait until you lose the results, photos and winning routines . ... If your HS State Championships have already been held, get this data to the MG, and we will log it in our HS Special file. If your State Championship meet did not make it into last year's edition, we did not receive it . .. . Don't let it happen again .. .. And if you have not submitted results before, remember doublespaced, neatly typed with team placements, first five places in AA (name, school, score); first three places in each event (name, school, score); winning routines of all first-place winners (optional). Also include any exceptional routines that lost out because of a bad routine break but were performed in winning style and form otherwise. Photos of top team, AA winner (in action) or any highquality shots of any event winner. The chance that we will be able to use more than one or two photos with each report is slim, so make sure you send us good shots. Also please do not send us rems of dittoed results (we know they are the efforts of a lot of hard-working, dedicated people); just the simple double-spaced typed results will do fine. Thank you.

(IJ/ff~ifdlt ~j?Jmf1

TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME XII

MARCH

NUMBER3

NOTES FROM THE EDITOR .... ... ... .... .. .Glenn Sundby 4 BULGARIA vs. U.S.A. ... ... .... ... .william Roetzheim 6 CHALK TALK .... .... ... .... .. ... .. ..... .... .. ... ....... ... 8 VIEWPOINTS .. ... ....... ..... ...... .. .. ... .. .. Dick Criley 8 MARIJUANA AND THE GyMNAST .. .. ...... Anonymous 9 CLINIC REPORTS ' SARASOTA ..... .... ... .... ...... ..by Jim Townsend FT. LAUDERDALE ... .... .. ..by Dick Holzaepfel 10 MG PHOTO ESSAY, " HANDS" ... ...... Sakoda & Sundby 12 COLLEGIATE CAPTAINS ... ......... ... ........ . ...... . ... 14 MG CENTER PHOTO .... ... ... .. ... .. .. ....... ..Bo Bennett 16 ANYONE FOR ALL AROUND Gerald George, Frank J. Fortier, Don Tonroy 18 TUMBLING TOPiCS ............. .. ...... .... ... Dick Criley 22 U.S ALL-AROUND RANKINGS .. ..... ...... Jerry Wright 23 HOW TO BE A GREAT GYMNAST IN 3,2 74 EASY LESSONS ... ...... ... .. .... ..... .. ... .. .. .Dan Millman 24 JUDGING BY JERRY, A CRITICAL REVIEW .. ..... .. ...... .. ..... ...... .... .... ... Jon Culbertson 26 LETTERS ... ......... . .... .. ... .. ... .. ...... ..... .. ........ .. .. 28 MG CALENDAR.... .. .. .. ... .... .. ..... .... .. .. ..... .. .. .. .. . 30 COVER, Featured on the March MG is Rich Mura hata, captain of the 1970 Michigan State Univ. leam. See page 15 fo r more info r路 motion on Rich and several other collegiate ca ptain s.

PUBLlSHE.R-EDITOR GLENN SUNDBY

ASSOCIATE EDITORS-TECHNICAL DICK CRILEY, FEATURE KEN SAKODA, LAYOUT

'ASSOCIATE EDITORS - Feature

A. Bruce Frederick, Education; Dr. James S. Bosco, Research; Jerry Wright, Competition ; Frank Bare. USGF; John Nooney, Canada; Robert Hanscom, YMCA ; Andrzei Gonera , European; Gerald George, Dan Mi"man & Don Tonry, AA Instructional; Bi" Roetzheim, Instructional.

FOR THE LADIES

MADEMOISELLE' GYMNAST P. O. BOX 777 SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA - 90406 Please lend me a Subsc ription of MADEMOISellE' GYMNAST

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THE MODERN GYMN AST m ag a zine is publi shed by Su ndby Publicati on s, 410 Broadw a y, Sonia

Monico , Ca liforn ia 90401. Secon d Closs Postag e p a id at So nto Monico , Cal if. Pu blished monthly except bi-monthly June, Ju ly, Augu st, a nd Se pte m be r. Price $6.00 p er year, 60c a sing le copy. Subscription correspondence, The M O DE~N GYMNAST, P.O. Box 6 11, Sa nto Mon ico , Ca liforn ia 904106. Copyrig ht 1970漏 a ll rig hts re served by SUNDBY PUBLI CATI O NS, 4 10 Broo dwa y, Santo Monico , Calif. All photos on d manusc ripts subm itted become the property of Th e MODERN GYMNAST unle ss a retu rn requ est a nd sufficie nt posta ge ore included .

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Bulgaria vs. U.S.A. by WILLIAM RO ETZ HEIM U niversity of Illinois, Chicago Circle The crowd began to gently trickle into the gym two hours before the firs t Bulgarian gymnasts challenged his U.S . counterpart in thi s great internationa l march. An hour passed and the trickle had swollen into a torrent. All 500 standing room ticket s quickl y found owners and a ha lf-h our prior to the opening ceremon y the Fire Marshall wise ly closed the door to the throngs remaining in the lobby. The waiting, sta nding, a nd other inconveniences were quickly forgotten as this spectacu lar gym nas ti c extravaganza unfolded. Bands played, the Bulgarian World C hampions Gymnast ic Moderne Women 's team exhibited, people sat and applauded , stood and app lauded, and fina ll y the opening ceremonies were over a nd co mpetition ready to begin. The Illinois fans were anxious not only to see the Bulgarian team but were interested in viewing the change in Makata Sakamoto's techniques after training in Ja pan. It wasn 't by chance that the a rena was bulging at the seams with this knowledgeable audience but the work in staging this production began month s before. The Ill inois High School Coaches Association accepted spo nsorship of this event a nd wise ly awarded th e contest to the City of Wa ukegan , Illinois. Never have gymnasts been as royally treated as the Bu lgarians and American teams were by thi s metropolis. They were wined , dined , and given the respect awarded international athletes the world over J ut seldom bestowed upon gymnasts. From the mayor to the citizenry no stone was left unturned that would possibly add to the enjoyment and recognition of these two great international teams. The U.S . team selected was the strongest contingent I have ever see n assembled. It boasted Dave Thor, Olympian a nd winner of the Nissen Award : Makato Sukamoto, not only a national champion and Olympian but a gymnastic legend whi le still in high school : Fred Dennis, from the Mid-west, a former Southern Illinoi s gymnast and thi s year's Fort Lauderdale National Gymnastic C lini c C hampion: Bob Emery , las t year's Eastern All Around Champion a nd NCAA runner up ; and our a lternate , Jim Culhane, Olympic alternate and now stationed at West Point. Bill Roetzheim from the University of Illinois Ci rcle Campus was named coach and Bill Ballestar of Wau kegan, team manager. People have said for years the Americans have difficulty but lack technically correct execution and the elegance that is required in high level competition. Let the world be warned, we have added execution to the top routines we have been capable of performing for years. This U.S. team hit 24 routines for 24 attempts. From the first diagonal in free X to the closing Rudolph of the horizontal bar, these young men left no doubt they had come to win and possessed the ability to complete this function . This confidence can be summed up by a littl e anecdote that took pl ace that evening. Going into the last event Dave and Makato were safely ent renched in first and second places in the a ll- around , Bob Emery , the last performer of the evening needed a 9.50 in order to move into third and thus giving us a I, 2, 3 finish. I kidded Bob, tryi ng to relax him as we walked out to the high bar. He looked up at me a nd said , " Don 't worry , Coach , in

Dave Thor (U.S.A), first AA, U.S.A. vs. Bulgaria

Fred Dennis (U.S A.)

Moko Sakamoto (U.S A. )

30 seconds I'll be in third pl ace, " a nd when the scores came up they totaled 9.60. I have already mentioned this was the best U.S . team I' ve seen from a ski ll standpoint but they a lso - after on ly two days - seemed to unite as a team to gain greater productivit y. This meet should illu strate what I've bee n preaching for years: If we are go ing to win internationall y, we must extend the competitive life of our elite gymnasts. This team was not made up of young college boys but of mature , seasoned pelfo rmers . It is extremely sad that , upon completion of college, our gy mn ast ic talent ma rries, becomes employed, and find s the demands of earning a live lihood too severe to continue training. When we receive financia l subsidation for our top gymnasts so they can tra in for th at seco nd a nd third Olympics, we will be on our way to becoming a n international power. We must recruit the large corporations into our way of thinking so these funds can be appropriated.

Another thing th at hurt s us inte rn ation all y is the United States judging. An official in this co untry see ms to think the scoring scale starts at zero a nd ends in the region of 9.2. A routine done in Europe that would garne r for a performer a 9.7 wou ld sco re 9.0 in C hicago. Because the world of gy mnas tics is not familiar with thi s dual stand ard they look at our sco res and say " Those pathetic America ns are still scoring only at the low 9 leve l. " If th e Bulgarians' match was held anywhere outsi de the U.S. yo u could add 3 to 5 te nth s to all of our boys' scores. If we ea rn the 9.7 , ho ld it up. As soo n as the world gy mna stic community sees we a re sco ring at this level they will \:unsider us the power we reall y are in inte rnation al gymnastics . Many people have speculated as to th e outcome of Thor a nd Sakamato in th e a ll around in this meet. If you glance at the results below you will see that Dave edged Makato out of the a ll-around c ha mpionship by a slim .20 of a

Penn State vs. Buloorio, (L to R) Penn State - Emery, Litow, Avener, Dun, Isabelle, Swetmon; Bulgaria (women) Morinovo, Phliidovo, Robevo, Elensko; (men) - Hriston, Sotirov, Rodev, Zoev, Adomov, Kondev.

Schischmonov (cooch), Gigovo, Stefonovo,

Swetmon (Penn State)

Bob Emery (U.S.A & Penn State)

Hristov (Bui.)

Zoev (Bui.)

Kondev (Bul.)

point. I have heard many arguments as to who shou ld have been triumpha nt. I can only say that they were both magnificent. Dave turned in a clean, well-executed routine in every event.

Makato's style was more explosive and dynamic which led to an extra step upon dismounting, etc. No matter whom you chose , you wouldn 't be wrong.

BULGARIA

FLOOR-EX

SIDE HORSE

A DAMO\!

8.80

9.30

9 .40

9.40

9 .45

9 .40

RI;-;CS

LONG HORSE PARALLEL BARS

HIGIi BAR

TOTAL

PLACE

55.75

BULGA RI A

FLOOR-EX

RajlScho Hri S10\' 9.35

As you look over the score sheet keep in mind that, in my opinion , the sco ring was low.

SIDE HORSE

RI i'>GS

LONG HORSE P.... RALLEL lIARS

HIGIlIlAR TOTAL

6.65

8.25

9.50

8.20

9.75

53 . 10

S.75

9.20

9.10

9.30

8.95

9.10

9.70

9.50

46.75

IiRlSTO\,

9.35

8.·m

9.35

9. ~ O

9.45

9.00

55.55

KOl'DEV

'.1,10

9.15

9.30

9.25

9. 15

8.90

5-1.85

Georgi

ZOEV

9.10

'.1.20

9,3:;

9.30

9.25

9.45

55.65

Geno Rade"

8.90

9.00

9 .1 5

9.30

9.05

9 .15

5-1.55

E"ent Totals ScSI 3 scoreS

Stefan Z oe \'

2i.i;

8 . 85

9.50

9.25

9.50

9.10

9 . 05

28. 10

28.10

28.15

28. 45

55 .35

27.05

168.00

28 70

28.00

28 .40

167.25

54.60

f) - l ie

h '3n Konde\'

8.50

Adam o~'

E\'e m s lotals 1)c"1 3sco rc ,,

17.015

PLACE

H .BS

PENN STATE U.S ...... DEN:>IIS

'.00

9.lO

EMERY

8.I\U

S ..\J( .... MOTO THO R E\'enlTolals BesI3scores

Mar5hall A\'enc r 8 .90

9.35

8.35

9.45

9.30

9.25

Robert Eme ry

9 . 20

9.55

9.50

9.n

9.50

9.::.0

56.70

55.85

Richard Swelman 9.10

8.50

9 .4 0

'.00

9.65

.. 6.25

9.35

56 ... 0

Tom Dunn

8.95

9.35

9. " 0

9.00

9.10

"6.20

9.65

56.60

Joseph Litow

8.65

7 . 85

9.00

9 .20

3" .70

28.70

169.15

E\'ent 10lals BeSt 3 scores

27.20

27.75

27 .8'>

28.50

28.40

9.60

9.15

9 ..15

55.55

9 ... 5

9."0

9.35

9.25

'.00

9"'0

9 ... 5

9.50

1J.25

9."0

9.50

9.00

9.50

27.110

2b ... U

28 • .>u

2o.1U

28 .2'>

6-t ie

28.30

168 .1 0

to either the NCAA Executive Offices or to NCAA Official Film Service, Suite 50 I, 540 I Westbard Ave. , Washington, D .C. 20016 .

Materials On Drugs Available

Disgusted On January 24 , 1970, four F.l.G. cardholding officials were notified by Tom Maloney of their appointments to judge and administer a judge's course at the Central American Games , to be held in Panama City , Panama. These four people were selected by the U.S. Gymnastics Commission (USGF-AAU). After interpreting the Central American Games exercises, compiling pages of material for presentation , applying for passports , taking carc of inoculations , making travel arrangements, cancelling meets and appointments , arranging for substitute teachers, purchasing blue blazers and gray pants (official uniforms) , etc., they were told fifteen hours before departure that they could not judge in Panama. It seems that Mr. George Gulack was already in Panama with a letter from the F.l.G. President (Mr. A. Gander) stating that he (Mr. Gulack) was in charge of the competition. Mr. Gulack refused to work with our judges on the grounds that they were not qualified. All the judges had passed a F.l.G. judge's test given by the President of the F.l.G. and, in some cases (the men) , with Mr. Gulack present. It should also be noted that Mr. Gulack was not given any responsibility other than to act as an interpreter during all clinical proceedings. Apparently Mr. Gander does not respect Mr. Gu lack's ability to lecture on a technical level. Now we are in volved with a situation whereby the Swiss President of the F.l.G. dictates who will represent the United States of America during international matches. His decisions apparently override our own U.S. Gymnastics Commission. Hopefully , the Commission has the guts to reprimand Mr. Gander, the Central American Games Committee, and Mr. Gulack. We know, however, that this will not happen because Mr. Gander is in a position to strengthen or weaken the power of the U .S .G.F. or the A .A. U. - whichever he chooses. Therefore, we have a situation that demands complete obedience from both groups (acting under one banner) in order to compete for favors . The U.S.G.F. has even gone so far as to use Mr. Gulack in international dual meet competition in this Country. They are buttering up the very man who started this controversial split in American gymnastics. (It was the coaches dissatisfaction with various AAU appointments, underhanded methods of selection, illegal score changing at va rious trials , etc. -all influenced or actually performed by Mr. Gu lack as the former (permanently appointed) National Gymnastics Chairman - that caused the split). Our Gymnastics Commission now seems to have two Chairmen - Mr. Gander and Mr. Gulack. The impression one gets is that things rea ll y have not changed much I What do you think , MR. BARE ? .. l.M. DISGUSTED

Films Films co vering last year's basketball , gymnastics, ice hockey , swimming, track and field and wrestling title meets are now available. The film brochure may be obtained by writing

"Operation Drug Alert " is being sponsored during 1969-70 by Kiwani s I nternational as a comprehensive educational effort to alert youth and adults to the dangers of drug use. For information on the program , printed materials on drugs , information on a skit for school assemblies or information on Operation Drug A lert itself, any local Kiwanis C lu b may be contacted, or an inquiry may be directed to Kiwanis I nternational , 101 Erie St. : C hicago, III. 6061 I.

VIEWpoints by Dick Criley A few months ago , I was forwarded a letter from an Eastern reader who expressed deep dissatisfaction with our coverage of the NCAA 's and who wanted to know what was being done to correct the situation. Mr. Sundby was a bit pressed for time and could not answer the letter in detail. As it turned out, I knew the indi vidual and proceeded to reply in detail. In preparing this column I thought back to that letter and realized that the average reader 路hasn 't the slightest idea of what goes into making up an issue of the Modern Gymnast. Every day one, two, or more unsolicited ma nuscripts arrive at the Editor's desk. These are filed for future editions unless especially pertinent since the lead time on an issue is at least 4 weeks or more. Eventually the editor and his assistants assign priority to the appeara nce of the articles in various categories of educational, meet reportage , research , controversy , philosophy, etc. Some of these are sent to associate editors such as Dr. Bosco and Jerry Wright for inclusion in their series while ot hers may be returned or sent to me for editorial criticism. A flow chart and mocklayout is drawn up to include regular features (always dependent on whether they arrive in time, a real factor to consider since no one is paid for his efforts and there is no compulsion to meet a deadline); advertisement s ; special sections such as art , photography , national compulsory exercises , etc. ; and finally the contributed articles. Few contributors realize the importance of a clean, double-spaced , typed manuscript with proper punctuation and spelling. Some of our regular contributors including Jerry Wright and John Nooney cause much additional labor when their art icles reach the office and require retyping and editing. A typesetter can set articles more quickly without having to go through the visual gymnasti cs of our editing only if proper formats are followed . Another 路 problem is the affected style which c haracterizes such writers as Dan Millman. (No offense meant Dan, but type costs money and those extra " e's" on smoothe do add up in addition to lending nothing to your meaning.) Except in extraordinary instances, the Modern Gymnast does not like to print a full page of text with no pictures or drawings to break it up. A full page runs to about 27 inches of type which is equivalent to about 4 typed , double-spaced pages of 70-character margin. It would be wise for a contributor to keep his offering down to a manageable 3 J,2 to 4 pages and submit a clear illustration for reproduction. We can present his work with greater emphasis in this way.

The matter of photographs require s a full column of its own. I have been bugging our editor to do something to let people know what we consider suitab le material for reproduction. You may wonder why the major winners in the Art/Photo contest of a year or so ago were mostly from the art category. One reason was the poor qualit y of most of the photos submitted. (I can not exempt the MG from this criticism as we sometimes use a poor photo or enla rge it too much.) Once the type has been set , it falls upon the shoulde rs of Ken Sakoda to put it all together as a magazine. No one expects Ken to be a mind-reader for an absent author. He tries to think of himself as an " average" but " with-it" reader in selecting a format for presentation. He must juggle when articles are too long for the space alloted them and must be carried over. I n his nearly 3 years with the M G , Ken has given quite a bit of style a nd direction to the layout (and apprec iates those readers who have written th at they noticed) as well as many hours of time. When an article is received needing illustration, Ken provides that , too. Aside from our creditors , office help and the Editor, he aLone gets paid. It is his schedule which makes getting the magazine to the printer on time a matter of whether the printer can get it printed in time to get it to you , the reader, in the month it is supposed to come out. Late issues are not always to be blamed on our end of the line as the ac tual mech anics of reproducing the magazine are complicated by late receipt of promised copy or paid ads, by many enlargements or reductions in the illustrations , by the pressures of the printer's schedule , and finally by our shoestring budget which limits how fast we can tuck the nearly 7000 issues into their little brown envelopes with your address correctly printed. The Modern Gymnast goes by second class mail from Santa Monica, California, to the rest of the country and abroad. Distribution can be as fast as three days in Southern California to a week to the East coast and 3 or 4 weeks to subscribers in Hawaii. Who knows how long it takes for our European and Australian readers to receive their issues? This mail business is one reason why the MG constantly exhorts you to renew early and to notify the magazine of address changes. The U. S. Post Office no longer forwards .your magazines when you move, and we find anywhere from 50 to 100 copies returned monthly with the notation, " Moved, no addres s given," or with a new address to correct. My message , as a former editor very active in getting your MG put together and out on time , is this : We are still a small magazine '(although the largest-circulating gymnastics magazine in the world) with a small staff. We can expand our services to you only with your kokua (Hawaiian for aid, help, assistance) and continued subscription. Keep us on our toes with your letters and contributions and help us to help gymnastics to grow in every way . Mahalo (Thanks).

* * * As a side benefit to this column, I can slip things in which might not otherwise be mentioned. I want to recogni ze the public relations work which netted a feature sports story by the Sports Editor of the Lancaster N e w Era (Pennsylvania) on the growing sport of gymnastics in that county. More than that , I want to applaud the coaches of the sport , the schools , and the young gymnasts of La ncaster County. For me though , this great breakthrough comes about 15 yea rs too late , but better late .than never. Keep up the good work! .

U.S.G.F. Report The United States Gymnastics Federation P.O. Box 4699 Tucson, Arizona

USGF DIRECTORS REPORT FRANK L. BARE

Executive Director

GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SCHEDULE OF EVENTS :

THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 1970 JUD GES MEETING [ men and wo menl MEN: Com pulsories .. all eve nts WOMEN: Compu lsories ... all eve nt s

10 :00 a.m. 1 :00 p.m . I :0 0 p. m.

Conve ntion Center Conventio n Center Co nve ntion Center

10:00 a .m .

Convention Center

1 :00 p.m . 1 :00 p.m .

Co nvention Center Convention Center

TRAMPOLINE [men & wo men-optionalsJ

FRIDAY, APRIL 24,1970 JUDGES MEETING [ men and wome nJ MEN: Op tionals ... all events WOMEN: Optionals ... all even ts

TRAMPOLINE F INA LS [men and women ... top 6 from Thursday .

SATURDAY, A PRIL 25,1970 INDIVIDU AL EVENTS FINALS FOR MEN AN D \\(IMEN ... .... ALL EVENTS in the O ly mpi c program, FIG O rd er of eve nts .... for

th ~

2:00 n.m.

Conven ti on Cen ter

t op six men and wome n

based o n Co mpulso ri es and op tiona ls. AWA RDS PRESENTATION All-American awards, plus Ind. Even ts. C LOSING CEREMONIES.

MEET

INFORMATION:

Entries should be mailed to Mr. Stu Betterton ,Sports I nformation Director Univ . of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada . Entry fee: $5.00 All -Around for men, $5.00 All-Arou nd for women, $4. 00 Trampol ine for men and women . [Make checks to USGFl Women contestants should bring music , eith er taped, record ed or bring their own accompianist as desired . If special Tape equ ipment is needed, arrangements with the USGF Office must be made in advance, USGF wi ll provide a piano. Equipment wi ll be available for training at 10:00 a_m., Thursday , April 23, 1970 in the Convention Center. Warm-Up equipment wi ll be provided during all days of competition and in most cases wil l duplicate meet equ ipment. F.I.G . RULES WILL GOVERN THE COMPETITiON, FOR MEN AND WOMEN. Games Committee wi ll be in charge of the event, Committee chairmen will be announced prior to the beginn ing of the event, all questions concerning the conduct of the event shou ld be directed to the appropriate Chairman [mens or womensl. USGF Technical Committee's will be in attendance and be a part of the announced Games Committee's.

GYMNASTICS FEDERATION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Executive Offices: P. O. Box 4699, Tucson, Arizona 85717

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WHAT IT TAKES TO BE NUMBER 1.

Si nce 1963, the United States has enjoyed a tremendous period of growth in gymnastics. The al l-a rou nd event has become not on ly more popu lar among men and women, but it has ga ined some mean in g even in the collegiate program . The U.S.A. has the talent, the facilities and ambition to move very quickly upwards in the rank s of ;ntern ationa l gymnasts. Now, we even possess the adm in istrative machinery to supervise a truly national program in this country . With all of th is going for us, however, it is obvious that we still need a little extra something to be number one. I n order to provide us with a truly national team, deeper in depth than an Olympic team, and therefore with greater flexibil ity that wil l al low us to have pe rhap s even two exce llen t teams competing in other nations at the same time, we have initiated a new program. It offe rs, perhaps for the first time in our history, specific goals for gymnasts. Further, it creates for the first time a list of names of those who will carry the prestige of leadership among ou r gymnasts and be on cal l for national and internat ional matches when needed. The prog ram I am discussing here is called ..... "ELITE 15". WHAT IS AN ELITE GYMNAST?

An Elite .. ..... or international ...... gymnast: is first of all a great, and highl y trained athlete. He is an international style gymnast, working in the all-around event and concentrating with al l' his energ ies upon the imp rovement of his performance in compu lsories and opt ionals. Some of the more specific requirements are listed herein. They are demanding to say the least. Even more demanding might be the new requirements conce rin g training. If you aspire to be one of the nations best, the need for sacr ifice [ not new to any gymnast] is great. Check the fol lowing requirements: FLOOR EXERCISE:

"e" moves

High "8" strength part Dismount at least high "8" Twisting pa rt other than somersau lt, (i.e. full twisting dive, 1 Y2 tw isting back dive)

One non路stock part. SIDE HORSE:

At least 5 "8's" and 1 "C" plus "C" dismount. One non-stock part

Scissors with disengaged hips. RINGS:

3 second holds for crosses Second "B" p lus strength move 2 swinging "e" moves "路C" Dismount One non-stock part One part straight arm work

VAUL TING:

Two vaults out of croup, neck or twisting. One vault must be double asterick.

PARALLEL BARS:

3 "e" moves (one swinging, one dismount) Mount to be "B" or above One non-stock part

HORIZONTAL BAR:

"e" Dismount 2 other "C" Parts One non-stock part.

t Gymnast rrust show all these requirements with in an exercise, and they w ill not be accepted on the basis of demonstrating them individually . tt Compulsory total must average 9.00 per event = 54.00 for comp ulsori es. Optiona l Tota l must be at least 53.00 ...... total score must be , 107.00.

Mari juana and the Gymnast The topi c of marijuana in a relationship with the gymnast is a controversial one as gy mn as ts and coaches bring th e subj ec t out int o th e ope n. I t see ms import ant for us to ex press our fee lin gs about marijuana and its rel ation to gy mna stics. Hopefull y , this sincere expression of our fee lings will le ad to a better unde rsta nding between the " old timers " and the younge r, mo re ex pe rimentativ e gymnast. One day at th e end of a workout at th e gym I was as ked if I had read a pa rticul a r art icl e in the Modern Gymn as t. My reply was that I hadn 't because I felt that th e Modern Gymnast was not fulfilling its obliga tions to e nough of the gymn as tic world. Certainly' helpful hints on spotting techn iqu es , int e rviews with famous gy mnasts, and reports on great mee ts are inspiring a nd fun to read , but I had to as k wheth er or not the Modern Gymnast actua ll y rel ated to what is go ing on in the gy mnast 's mind (i .e. , to where he is at: to hi s own thing?). A rece nt experience will illu strate what I mean: As is co mmon, here on the West C oast, a gy mn as t from back East who was thinking of go ing to my sc hool called me in hopes offinding some thing in common which mi ght lead to hi s enrollment in my sc hool. Our most common gro und s for conversations turn ed out to be mariju ana an d " how ma ny events do you work ?" It is time to bring the subject out in the open. How many coaches have been speculating as to exactly how " bad" marijua na is for their at hletes? Moreover, how many coaches know or secretl y think th at their gy mnasts are smoking ma rijua na? Wh atever th e coach's view on tlie subject , the relation of ma riju a na to the gy mnas t mu st be directly confronted and should not be avoided . The " old timers" so lution of e ither yo u are a gym nas t (fu ll time) or you a re not a gymnast at a ll does not a nd will not work a nymore. The reaso n tha t this seemingly adequa te simple so lution does and wi ll not work todd ay and in th e future is this: An important factor contributing to the success of a gymnast is a sati sfyi ng life outsidde of th e gy mnas ium, a nd nowadays marij uana can easi ly become a defi nite part of thi s outside life. F urthermore , it see ms that because of the ex perimenti ve and non-conformist pe rso nalit y common to the gy mnas t, he is most likel y to become intimate ly associatedd with marijua na . The fact is th at th e young gymnast's outs ide interests are no longe r simply cars and girls. Now the most mea ningful activit y of th e yo ung man's life is finding hi s ro le in the world. Thi s activity takes up most of his life outside the gy mnas ium. Coaches s hould not discount the impo rtance of their gymnast 's outside life for two important reasons: The first is that the gymnas t simply will not regardd hi s sea rc h for hi s pl ace or role in the world as unimportant. Hi s search will be hi s supre me life task . The second reaso n for letting the gymnast be free to experiment andd "search for himse lf ' outsidde the gymnasium is that if he is succes sful in his search and e xpe rimentation tha n all of hi s success will be directl y re lated to gy mnastics. In the gy mn as ium, he will be using hi s new ly deve loped insights in such a way they wi ll facilitate a more creative workout. The creativity of th e gy mnast run s in pa ra llel with hi s wo rkout and is a prima ry factor adding to his success. This creative mechani s m is commonl y unleas hed in a pe rso n through the s moking of mariju a na. The unleas hing or releasi ng of such

a powelful indi vidu a l force often leads the gym nast to insight s not onl y abo ut hi s life in ge ne ra l, but abo ut hi s wo rkout s. Any multitude of ideas and feelings ca n pop into the head because the perso n und er the influence of marijuana is ge ne rall y flowin g a nd spontaneou s. When thi s menta l ph e nome non takes pl ace, the individu a l may find himse lf with a new kind of awarene ss . For exampl e , attending a gy mn astic meet undder the influence of ma riju ana cou ld enable the gy mna st to see the true a rti stic qua lit y of a particul ar free-e xerci se pelformance. Possibly hi s mind would begin to fantasi ze and hi s imagination would ta ke over, le.adi ng the gy mnas t to unique ideas for combinations of stunts. Attending the workout whi le under the influence of marijuana is commonly done by many experimentative gym nas ts. Th ey may gain insight into their re lati o nship th at will ease social anxiety during the workout. I n general , the state of mind of the gy mnast during the se insightful periods is th e sa me as those of th e creator at the exact mome nt of conception. Furthermore , marijua na can be used at times to remove th e stagnation of the mind which usua ll y res ult s from a long term of bad workouts. Certainl y not a ll the as pec ts of ma riju ana are so favo rable. When marijuana is not used for constructive ends (like some of those I have mentioned) its des tructiv e qualitie s may be seen as well as other har mful aftereffects. Also there is still much myste ry in ma riju ana itself, even a moung its users . There is one harmful effect rel ated to th e gy mnast that I wo uld like to focus my attention

on. Marijuana is sa id to re duce th e soc ia l mobilit y of the use r, or rathe r it greatl y reduce s one 's need or de si re to sociali ze. The gy mnast who is involved with ma rijua na may ex hibit a loss of motiva tion which can s how up in hi s workout路 a nd life as a gym nast. Wh atever hi s inte llec tu a l reasoning may be for hi s di s intere st in workouts (i.e., gymnas tics not being fulfilling enough or rewardding; there a re othe r things besides gy mnas tics in life : etc.) the pl ain fact is th at hi s mot ivation is lesse ning. This see ms to me to be the most harmful res ult th at could come abo ut in the gymnast who is involved with marijuana. My high sc hool coach , who constantl y searched for " use rs," neve r understoodd the indi vidua l as a perso n but onl y as a single entity on a tea m. I t would be much better if when a coach find s that his gy mnast s a re smoki ng mariju a na he take their best interest in mind qnd reme mber th at they do have a life outside of the gy mnas ium th at mu st appea r sa ti sfactory to themse lves as individuals before their worko uts can possib le arrive at a le ve l that would benefit themse lves as gymnasts and therefore the tea m. He should try to understand the reasons that the y are smoking marijua na. I hope thi s candid ex pression of my feelings will bring others to ex press their thoughts on thi s controversial subject.

EDITOR 'S NO TE : We would like to encourage readers' replies and com ments on this subject. A future issue will ca rry a sllmpling of th e thoughts we receive alld th e writer's anonymity will be respected if requested. 9

Clinic Report:

1970 SARASOTA NATIONAL CLINIC A photo report by Jim Townsend (below):

â&#x20AC;˘ Robarts Sports Arena

Outdoor Workout

Judy Ford, Miss America 1969 & 1968 Narl Jr. Trampoline Champion 10

Jim Culhane, Ass't. Coach, West Poi lit

Eastern Gymnastic Clinic by DICK HOLZAEPFEL

Lido Beach

The following is a resume of the 1969 Eastern Gymnastics Clinic in Fort Lauderdale. The format of the clinic was the same with the five day participation as in the other clinics. We had a very good turnout and an unusually large number of girls and women. Our procedure for the workings of the clinic went as follows: We started at 9:30 in the morning and went until noon with classes. We started at I :30 and went until 3:00 with classes. We had a 3:00 to 4:00 o'clock special session for various and sundry personal interests and problems that needed individual attention. We also left this open for a question and answer period for coaches , instructors and physical education teachers. This seemed to work out excellently and we plan to continue this procedure next year. We have cut down the competition to a women 's meet and a Night of Stars for the men. We are attempting to reduce competition in hopes of having more clinic participation. We probably will have men and women in a Night of Stars next year. This seemed to be very popular and was very well attended. We have tried to keep the early clinic workouts to a minimum with more single skill practice in OI'der that the gymnast would not become overly fatigued before the end of the five day period. We have tried a new procedure this year with regard to team practice. We ha've separated the team practice from the general clinic procedures and have held team practice from 10:30 to noon on each of the individual days. This was a very popular procedure and gave more of a cohesive effect for the varsity gymnasts. We were very fortunate to have an excellent women's and men's staff. Ernestine Carter was sent to our clinic by the Atlas Equipment Company. She added the counterpart of the woman 's practice, that is , the ballet and the rhythms background. Sharon Pirkl headed up the women 's program and with the excellent aid from Dale Hardt, Don Carney , Barry Keely , Bob Dickson and Neil Schmitt the women 's program was an active thing indeed. We were also fortunate to secure the help of Mr. and Mrs. Chic Johnson from Missouri. We look forward to the 1970-71 clinic and expect a much enlarged woman 's program to be conducted at that time ,

Hil .. . My name is Judi Ford, Miss America 1969. I'll be at the Notional AAU Gymnastic Championships to be held in Convention Hall, Miami Beach, Florida, on May 29 to 31, 1970, , , , Hope to see you there. For further information write, Bruce Davis, Meet Director, Miami-Dade Junior College, North Miami, Florida.

"HANDS" / A MG PHOTO ESSAY

bySakada&Sundby

COLLEGIATE CAPTAINS School: University of New Mexico Coach : Rusty Mitchell Captain : Mark "Stormy" Eaton Age: 20 Major & CPA: Physical Education Interests: Water skiing, folk guitar, tennis. High School Attended: Scottsdale High, Arizona Competitive Honors & Awards: 4 time State Champ 1967, Western Athletic Conference, Floor Exercise & Trampoline Champ 1968, FX Co-champ, 1969, USGF Trampoline Champ and Ali-American ca ndidate 1969. Events: Floor Exerci se and Trampoline. Ambitions: To be a Gymnastic Coach and make the 1976 USA Olympic Trampoline Team (if Tramp is put in the Olympics). Capsule Comments: These years spent in Gymnastics have been the most fulfilling years of my life. Not only on a competitive level but learning and coaching as well. Not only have I learned to be a performer, but have also learned from my coach (R.M.) to put out 100% effort in whatever I attempt. "Stormy" Eaton

School : University of Colorado Coach : Lindy 8aer Captain: (Co-C) Gary Pomeranz Age : 21 Major & CPA: Pre-Med - 3.26 Interests: Gymnastics, medicine, reading High School Attended: Denver, Colorado Competitive Honors & Awards: 1st Denver Dis. AA & P8 1966, 4th Colorado Invitational AA & FX 1968, 2nd FX and 3rd AA Big 8, 1968 Events: All-Around

Gary Pomeranz

School : University of Colorado Coach : Lindy Boer Captain (Co-C) Pat Ewards Age : 21 Interests: History, archery, camping, reading and outdoor activities. Major & CPA: Engli sh Literature (M-Anthropology)2.58 High School Attended: Foirview,- Boulder, Colo. Competitive Honors & Awards: 1st Big 8 Side Horse 1968, 3rd Big 8 Side Horse, Ring s 1969. Outstanding Athlete Award in High School, Colorado State HS Chomp., PBs & SH in 1966. Events: Side Horse, Rings, and Porallel Bars

Pat Edwards 14

Russ Federman

School: Ithaca Callege Coach: Gordon Eggleston Captain : Russ Federman Age: 20 Major & PGA: Psychology - 2.5 Interests: Music High School Attended: E. L. Vandermeulen - Bayside, N.Y. Competitive Honors & Awards: New York State Rope Climb Champ. 6 firsts and 1 second on the Rings and 2 first, 2 seconds and a third in the Parallels in this year's dual competition. Events: Rings and P-Bars Ambitions: To pursue a career in Physical Therapy after graduation.

George Engbrecht

School : San Fernanda Valley State College Coach : Dr. William Vincent Captain: George Engbrecht Age: 19 Major & GPA: Physical Education - 2.5 Interests: Teaching Gymnastics High School Attended: North Hollywood - Los Angeles, Calif. Competitive Honors & Awards: Los Angeles City HS Ring Champ. Events: All-Around

~~.;.

School: Michigan State University Coach: George Szypula Captain: Rich Murahata Age: 21 Major & GPA: Ph!lsical Science High School Atte'nded: Fairview- Boulder, Colorado Events: Parallel Bars, Floor Exercise and Vaulting (also capable of performing in the other collegiate events) Added info: Rich is an outstanding student, was a valedictorian at Fairview HS and spent a summer studying in Cologna, Germany. He came to Michigan State as a national merit scholarship finali st and winner af a Mich. State merit scholarship (he is a member af two campus honararies). Rich has just won a Woodrow Wilson fellowship ' for grade studies.

School : University of Washingtan .,Coach : Dr. Enc Hughes .~~' ,,,,,. <. ._:. sEE. Captain : Bo Bennett ' c:.E'N.TER Age: 21 0 ' ';>HoTo Major & GPA: Speech - 2.79 0 High School Attended: Clover Park - Tacoma, Washingtan (na Gymnastics) Competitive Honors & Awards: 1968 Pacific Northwest Collegiate Ring Champ; 1969 Pacific Northwest AAU FX, and Tumbling Champ. Member of Husky & Seattle Gym Clubs that toured Japan, Australia and New Zealand in '66 and Southeast Asia in '68. Events: All-Around (but just 3 events this year as our team was loaded with All-Around men. Ambition: Communications industry as an occupation and keep active in gymnastics judging and coach ing. Capsule Comments: I believe that there is too little trampoline training for the All-Around gymnast, indeed even for the specialist. When I coach I try to incorporate the trampoline for each event. I believe that there has been too little time spent on developing new teaching ideas using the trampoline. As gymnastics becomes a major sport in this nation more coaches will be needed to teach the more advanced skills and trampoline training certainly helps. 15

ANYONE I!I El FOR mlSIa ALL AROUND 1m

GERALD S. GEORGE. Coordinator We of the MG staff are constantly seeking ways and means of prpl'iding both educational and interesting materials for our subscribers. In an attempt to further increase the scope and breadth of the "Anyone For A II-Around" series , we would like to extend an im'itation to any alld all gymnasts, coaches , judges, and enthusiasts to submit articles pertainillg to all-aroulld instruction. Perhaps you hal'p a particular skill that you feel particularly qllalified to iIIustratP. discuss , and/or explain. Let's share YOllr talents with the reading public and thereby help to Joster a stronger "System of American G ymnastics." Submit your illustrations and articles to Gerald S. George , Athletic Department , Louisiall a State Unil'ersity, Baton Rouge , Louisialla 70803.

I!I FLOOR EXERCISE By Frank J. Fortier

J. F. Kennedy Senior High

a nd downward , and the body rotates around the center of gravity. 3. Descent. As the upward ve locity of the body is expended, the force of gravity pulls thc body back to the ground. The back maintains its a rch and the body continues to rotate. The upper body moves forward and downwa rd under the body as the hands reach for the mat. III. Landing. I. Initial hand contact. The hands contact the mat as the body rotates to a handsta nd position. The back is stil l arched and the knees partially flexed. The arms and shoulders flex slightly as they absorb the impact of the body weight. 2. Snap down. The arms and shoulders extend as the hips flex sharply. The feet move forward and downward to contact the mat. As the feet contact the mat the knees flex , the upper body straightens , and the arms are extended overhead. The legs extend returning the body to a standing position. Additional data collected revealed that the time of flight (feet to hands) was 0.25 seconds, and the distance of flight (likewise feet to hands) was 1.83 feet.

Upon reviewing various gymnastic texts , the au thor was confronted with numerous techniques for performing the backward handspring. Since the average floor exercise routine contains at least two of these ski ll s, the author felt a need to analyze this ski ll. The following is a result of this endeavor: BACKWARD HANDSPRING I. Takeoff I. Stand. The performer begins by assuming a normal standing position with the a rms straight a nd extended out in front of the body parallel By DON TONRY Gymnastics Coac h. Yale University with the mat. 2. Preliminary sit. The arms begin a downward backward arc as the legs and hips flex . The a rms circle up past the hips and proceed backward and upward hyperextending the shoulders. The legs continue to flex as the arms beI njuries on the rings are usually confined to gin a forward upward swing. At.. the lowest cracks and tears on the wrists and palms of the point in the sit, the arms are past the hips and hands. The wrists should be taped or wrapped moving upward in front of the body. The for- when the performer plans to work on skills ward upward movement of the arms and the which require a " false grip." This practice leg flexion have caused the body to move as a should eliminate wrist tearing completely. The unit in a backward downward direction. This pal ins of the hands can be protected partially preliminary sit is similar to sitting on a chair. by wearing handguard s. However, many per3. Illitial rise. The legs and body begin to ex- . formers do not like this method because it tend backward and upward as the swinging seems to decrease their gripping power. arms move over the head. As the arms pass the It. is always wise to keep the callou ses that head, the head is thrown back. The backward form on the palms on the hands shaved or upward extension of the legs, a forward upward sanded flat so that they do not form mounds lift of the hips , the arm swing, a nd the back- on which the surface of the ring may catch. ward throw of the head cause the body to arch. This is a routine method commonly used by The performer moves backward and upward most gymnasts as a means of eliminating posan angle of 120 degrees (see Figurc A). sible tears on the sUlface of their hands. The II . Airborne. hands are usually soaked in hot water, which I" Ascent. The body begins a backward upward tends to swell th e calloused areas of the hands. rise as the arched position is maintained and A razor blade is then very gent ly used to scrape the hips raise toward the ceiling. The arms and cut the swelled areas that appear to present move backwa rd and downward , and the legs a possible haza rd . The blade may be contained and ankles move forward and upwa rd. in a safety razor, as in shaving, or held firml y 2. Highest I'ertical poillt. At the body's highest between the thumb and forefinge r of the oppovertical point , the a rms and head move forwa rd site hand. The callouses are then cut, a very

mlThe Rings

Injury Preventatives

thin sliver at a time. Caution mu st be taken so that the entire protective layer is not removed. C racks in the sUlface of the hand may be trcated in the same manner described above. The chasm that form s the crack, however, must be given special attention. The calloused sides of the crack shou ld be cut away as much as possible so that the y are flush with the inner surface of the skin. If the skin is very tender it is best to simply allow the crevice to remain . The following procedure has been used by Abe Grossfeld ( 1956, 1960 Olympic teams) for a number of years as a means of preventing c racks from resplitting. After carefully cutting ,way the dead s kin , as described earlier, Abe washes his hands thoroughly with hot water. He then dries his hands with a clean towel and s prays the cracked area with a light coating of Tincture of Benzoin (tough skin). He proceeds to cut a piece of adhes ive tape in an oval shape (the edges loosen more quickly on a square shape) so it will adequately cover the cracked area of hi s hand. The tape is placed over the crack a nd pressure is a pplied with the thumb or a rounded object. The tape will stay in place for days, sometimes throughout an entire training session. This procedure will keep the cracked area soft and clean, and will eliminate resplitting. Another area of the body that may receive a great deal of stress is the shoulder joint. This is particularly true of gymnasts who have tight joint structures in that a re a. Exercises that increase the range of motion in the shoulders will help to prevent some strain, but it is best simply not to pelform swinging movements from a hang after shoulder discomfort develops. There is a natural tendency to repea t a skill for long periods of time when success is close at hand. Generally , th is is an excellent pattern to follow except when it becomes ev ident that repetition of that ski ll may cause an injury which in turn will inhibit training. Ring men tre at your shoulders with care! Do not attempt strenuous movements unless you are thoroughl y warmed up. The preceding statement is particularly applicable to static hoi d positions such a3 crosses , levers a nd planges. The best method of preparing the body for strai ns of this type is to assume the position several time s without putting forth maximum effort. This may be accomplished by pulling on a n elastic band , applying a substantial a mount of pressure against some immovable object , or by having someone support a portion of the body weight while in the strained position. Another subject that should be taken into consideration is that of learning to fall without injury. This is pa rticularly important because of the inherent da nge rs involved in dismounting. Falling backward seems to cause most pelformers to become somewh at disoriented.

and immediately the lead shoulder is extended. The result is often a wrist , elbow or shoulder The following hand is now placed down in the injury' because there exists an irresistible urge neck zone, and thi s shoulder is immediately to reach backward in an attempt to " break the ex tended. The placement of the hands and the fall" before the body reaches the mat. This shoulder extensions should act as a jam or feeling of insecurity , while falling backward , " punch " causing the body to rise uplVard. The can be overcome by practicing several falls By FrankJ. Fortier total time period for both hand contacts should from a small jump backward. The performer J. F. Kennedy Senior Hi gh be a split seco nd . REMEMBER: The longe r should jump backward , look over one shoulder th e hands remain on the horse th e 10IVer the at the mat below, and attempt to absorb the THE CARTWHEEL \'Quit. shock of the fall by slapping the mat wit h his Run and Hurdle: The run and hurdl e have bee n adequate ly Post Flight: Figure B feet and forearms. This movement is simi lar The head i ~ in line with the shou lders , and to a judo fall. Sometimes it is advantageous covered in a pre vious iss ue. See the November to roll over one shoulder if there is an excess 1969 issue of th e MG , pg. 19. In reference to the body is max imally extended during postthe cartwheel vault the keynote is: Run hard, fli ght ascension . The body maintains its extenof backward spin . sion as the forward velocity of the run rotates Gymnastics is an activity that has been care- but maintain control. the performer and carries him away from th e fully designed to utilize the entire body in all UplVard Dri ve: Figure A The board should be at leas t three feet from horse. The feet have mo ved under the vaulter as pects of movement within the range of the individual's potential. Swinging movements the horse. As the feet co nt act the board, the as he prepares for the landing. th at cause the body to jerk in an uncoordinated legs extend exploding the gy mnas t upward. It Landing: As the feet contact the mat the knees bend manner repres ent potential injuries. Strength is hoped that the run has been sufficient to give skills that place the body in positions th at are the performer the necessary forward velocity to absorb the impact. Slightly lower the ar m contrary to the structures of particular joints to clear the horse. The vaulter should concen- and shoulder closest to the horse toward the can cause permanent injuries if the individual trate on getting height , not on trave ling forward. mat. Thi s will se rve to neutralize any remainis not strong enough to keep his body weight While on the board , the quarter twist necessary ing forward ve locity. As soon as the body is well supported. Competitive gymnastics re- to actuate the cartwheel is initiated. NOTE: sti ll , rise to a stand. quires the gymnast to improve at a rapid rate The twist is initiated on the board but is riot by conscientiously applying his particular " released" until the body a pproaches a handphysical and mental attributes to competitive stand position. The head , chest , and arms lead the upward skill s. The gymnast who injures himself and causes a lac k of continuity in hi s training has dn ve as the legs extend. The heels asce nd upmade the mi stake of overestimating hi s abi lity ward over the head and the ex tended body apto cope with so me phase of the learning process. proaches an airborne handstand position. As by DON TON RY . Being over-zealou.s must be differenti ated from this rise is progressing, the performer sharply Gymnastics Coac h. Yale University being aggress ive. A feeling of readin ess is releases the qu arter twi st. The arms and body often acco mpanied with a feeling of doubt. The are straight as the shoulders prepare for impact UPPER ARM HANG SWINGING FDRWARD Skills that stem from an upper arm hang well -trained individual has learned th at only with the horse. swinging forward such as a Streuli and a Front through successful repetition , under normal Hand Contact: Due to the quarter twi st, the hands will Rise are often characterized by poor use of the conditions of stress, can he depend upon an accurate performance without doubt or make contact separately. The-Iead- hand- is--head. placed down in the saddle (first hand is free) , The front rise requires that the head remain inhibition.

ElThe Vault

Parallel Bars

passive during the enti re move me nt. I. The body is stre tched or sli ghtl y piked at the pea k of the rearward ph ase. Th e head should re main natura l beca use if it is th rown bac kwa rd , it will tend to a rch the back , thu s dec reasi ng th e le ngt h of the body fo r th e downwa rd swin g and des troying th e ensuing " beat pattern " (the stretch-arc h-pike or le ngthe nco il -thru st pos itio ns th at are used to e nha nce forw ard and backward ri ses). Th e arms are he ld as stra ight as comfort will a llow. I ge ne rall y mak e an ana logy with thi s pos iti o n and an ex te nded push-up pos iti o n th at is he ld slightly off th e fl oor. 2. As the body desce nd s, the lower bac k is arched w hich es tabli shes a pos iti on fo r dri ve for the foll ow ing thru stin g phase. If the head is thrown back ward during th e desce nt (common bad habi t), th ere will be a strong tendency to lean backwa rd durin g th e ri se a nd also to initi ate th e ri se late r th an is necessary. 3. S li ghtl y pri or to reaching a verti ca l pos ition

be low th e bar, th e legs mu st be lifted fo rward and upward for th e ri se. Th e pe rforme r sho uld bea r downw ard with th e uppe r a rms and pu sh th e s houlders ove r th e ha nd s. If th e head is he ld backward prior to thi s moti o n, it will ca use: a. Backwa rd lea n during th e ri se. b. The shou lde rs will not move over th e hand s as effi cientl y. c. Segme ntati o n of bod y part s during th e ri se (legs ri se o nl y inste ad of th e who le body). STREULI A ll of th e preparato ry pos itio n menti oned for th e F ront Ri se a re appli cabl e w ith the fo llowi ng s li ght devia ti o ns : I. T he fin a l leg lift occ urs sli ghtl y later in o rde r to es tabli sh and upwa rd lift. 2. Th e head is th row n back wa rd as th e hips pass bar leve l in order to o ptica ll y o rientate th e pe rformer during th e catc h, to fac ilit ate an earl y hand catc h (the head fo rward pos iti o n inhibits sho ulder fl ex ibilit y in thi s pos ition) and to s low dow n backward rotation .

3. O nce th e ha nd catch is establi shed , the perfo rm er should pl ace hi s head int o pos iti on (natural) for a stretched ha nd sta nd . I have atte mpted to show a n exa mple of the use of th e head in a natura l positio n and one in whi ch the backward thru st of the head see ms necessary fo r the perfo rma nce of the sk ill. Wh en swin ging in a support pos itio n, the head wo uld maintain a natural positio n in orde r to e nh ance leg a nd hip drive durin g th e pe rformance of the Stut ze Kehre , full turn o n o ne arm a nd oth er rel ate d sk ills. A bac kward so mersaul t to a handstand , however, wo uld require th at th e head be placed bac kward for th e sa me reasons give n fo r the Stre uli. T he coach a nd the gy mnast sho uld atte mpt to analyze the pos itio n of the head in rel ation to all of the s kill s that he is teaching or learnin g. Be careful to take into co nsiderati on th at a lthough there are many simil a rities of body posi ti on on th e various events , the st ructu re of th e event a nd the indi vidu als' stru ctu ral capabil ifies must be given additional consideration .

101 Horizontal Bar

GERALD S. GEORGE Gymnastic Coach Louisiana State University

Volume I - Horizontal Bar Section " B" - C hange s in Direction Above the Bar Number 4 - From a Free Eagle Giant Swing - FULL TURN (PIROETTE) BACKWARD - to a Mi xed-Grip Reach Under Position Illustrations C-D-ÂŁ are omitted in order th at a more vivid prese nt ation of the Full Turn (Piroette) Backward can be reali zed. The omitted illustrat ions, in addition to Illu stration s F-G-H , are identical to the respecti ve illustrations depicted in the basic Free Eagle (Dislocated) Giant Swing (Section "A" : Number 3). Hence, the mech a nics and techniques relative to each skill are thu s far one and the same. The potential force of the arched body position apparent in Illu stration H is released in order to facilitate the upward circular swing. Th e gymnast must immediately follow up thi s action first by decreasing the shoulder angle slightly and then by decreasing the hip angle in

direct proportion to th e upward circular swing. Illustration s I-J-K progress into this "Hip Lead " posi tion . As the body approaches the a pe x of the upward circular swing. the aforementioned decreased shou lder and hip angle s begin to increase simultaneously and proportionately with each other. Of prime import ance is the fact th a t the longitudina l weight of the body is direc ted slightly to the s ide of the anticipated Full Turn , thereby facilitating proper body alignment upon completion of the backward piroette. Upon reac hing Illustration L, the body will sense a feeling of we ightless ness, almost as if one were being pulled above the bar. I t is during this feelin g of weightlessness th at the slip-grip action of the hand s is realized. The wrists a re arched onto the top of the bar to provide support for the oncoming body weight. Illustrations M-N-O-P depict the Full Turn (Piroette) Backward in action . The actual Full Turn is initiated slightl y before the aforementioned increas ing hip and shoulder a ngles prescribe a direct straight-line relation ship with each other. Such act ion is often referred to as " Co rk Screw" twisting. The vigorous for-upward push against the bar with the attached arm maintains the body such that its longitudinal ax is prescribes a direct st ra ight-line rela tion ship

throughout th e e ntire Full Turn. It is of utmost importance to observe th at the turn is executed as a completely fluid action encompass ing the body as a s ingle unit. While the releasing arm initiates the turn. the attached arm provides the basis for maintaining the direct straight-line body position. The le ading head and neck action se rve s to follow up the initial turning impetus throughout the e ntire piroette. Illustration Q displ ays the body position upon completing the Full Turn. Both the shoulder and hip angles a re slightly decreased relative to a direct straight-line relationship position. The mixed-grip handgrasp is slightly wider than a hand 's width apart. The total body unit has , to a substantial degree , transcended the upper ve rtical. I t can be said , therefore , that the e ntire Full Turn encompasses an equal degree of both sides of the upper vertical. This points to the fact that the circular swing continues through and /l o t to a ha nd stand position. Illustrations R-S-T-U depict the mi xe d-grip desce nt. The s lightly decreased s houlder and hip angles are maintained until the "Bottoming Effect" of the bar is rea li zed. Thus the Full Turn (Piroette) Backward is completed and the body is de sce nding in preparation for any se quenti ally related sk ill.

System Nissen New Rjng Stand Two very important features separate the System Nissen Ring Stand from ordinary ring stands : 1. System Nissen employs solid tubular guy braces (instead of cables) that are adjustable in length and attach easily and quickly to floar plates. These guy braces provide both compression and extension strength for unequalled stability and SAFETY. 2. Each upright is equipped with Nissen's exclusive Floating Counterbalance which al lows the frame to be Quickly adiusted up or dawn by one person from 61 Y4" to 104Y2" (ring he ight). Because the frame adjusts, the webbing portions of the ring suspensions no longer require odiustment, eliminating the need for heavy adiustment fittings and greatly reducing the chance of a performer contacting the rings on dismounts. In addition, the overall length of each ring suspension rema ins identical to the other. The capability to quickly adiust the height of the rings above or below the competitive height for training and physical education classes makes the System Nissen Ring Stand the most practical ring apparatus made for schools and colleges. The System Nissen Ring Stand can also be converted from a fixed, floor plate attached apparatus to a portable, free standing apparatus in a matter of minutes ... if your situation requires it. The conversion feature is especially important for schools that practice and compete in one gymnasium, but also have exhibitions and competitions in the basketball gym or field house where the installation of floor plates may be impractical.

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TUMBLING TOPICS by DICK CRILEY

Cartoon used w ith permi ss ion of The Saturday Evening Pos!.

8. Back handspring, back somersault with twist. (liz, I , I liz, 2 twists. A + C = C diffic ult y) . The observations expressed in the pre vious articl e on th e back handspring, back somersa,ult apply generall y here . Note lift-off angle and how and where

the twist begins: on the floor at the feet , hips, arms and head initiate the twist and in the air as the head and arms continue the longitudinal rotation after establishing the somersault ac tion . The twi st (and somersault as well) may

be slowed should the legs be separated or bent or if the body is bent. (The doubl e twist in the second series was low and nearl y incomplete because of these faults.) Next. "Arabian" front somersault.

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gymnasium equipment of finest quality and long-life . Designs and materials have constantly changed since then but our same, timeless tradition of fine quality remains as modern today as it. was 60 years ago and will. be just as up-to-date 60 years from now in 2030. That ' s the way it is with Quality. It has a way of lasting and assuring its buyers the equipment they purchased th is year, last year, 10 years ago or 10, 20 years hence will always be current, will always be Quality, and will always have a " home" with someone interested in its condition and ready with parts and serVice if needed . If you need gymnastic equipment you should look to Porter for these many advantages: Fully Olympic Specs. Best of Materials and Workmanship Safety Engineering Modern DeSign Experienced Representati ves Full Techni cal Staff Installation Capability

BRENT HONORS: USA Nat ional Team Tour-Nea r East-1969 Iowa Open All Around Cha mpion - 1969 Rocky Mountai n Open AA champion-1969 -5 5.00 Midwest Open AA 2nd - 1969 - 106.30 Year in School: Juni or Major: Physica l Educat ion U.S. National All Around Rankings - Men Ma kot o Saka moto ........... 1 13.00 Dave Th or ...... .. ..... .. .... . 11 2.70 Steve Hug (now in Jopan) Rick Tucker . ....... .. ....... . 1 11.1 0 Paul Tickenoff . 109.95 Fred Denni s ... ..... ... ... . 1 08.60 John Elias .... ... 1 07.50 Fred Turoff ..... ..... 107.00 George Gree nfield 1 06.40 Jim Culhane . 1 05.40 Jim Amerine .. .. .. ... 104.00 Dan Millman - unretired Bob Emery ..... ............ .. 1 09.00 Ba rry Weiher ..... ......... .. 1 06.80 Rich Grigs by .. .............. 1 05.20 Bob Di ckso n ....... 1 03. 10 Kanati Allen ..... ............ .. 1 02.00 Dick Swet man ........ . ....... 1 00.95 Dave But zman .... ... . ..... .. 1 00.1 5 Rich McCurdy 99.15 Brent Simmons .... ... ... .... . 98.95 98.66 Tom Sexton ........ ... . Ron Baretta .. ..... ... ........ 97.50 St eve Radomski ............. 97.50 Rich Scorza ...... 97.45 Mlke Flan saa s ........ .. .. .. .. 97. 10 Crai g Ritt:er 96. 40 Lorry Bassist .... . .. .......... 96.00 Mike Kimball ....... .......... 95.90 Joe Lit ow ..... ............. 95.65

SIMMONS Begon gymn astics: So ph omore in high schoo l oge 16 Began competition: Sophomore in high school High School coach: John Hinds-Col umbus, Ind. College Coac h: Ed Gagnier - Iowa State Height: 5 ft., 7 in. Weight: 137 Bi rthdate: June 11 , 1949

U.S. National All Around Rankings - Men listed alphabetically Name

Score

Allen, Ka nati Ameri ne, Jim Baretta, Ron Bassist, Larry Betters, James Butzman, Dave Caling, Marty Connelly, Dan Culhane, Jim Denni s, Fred Di ckson, Bob Dickson, Craig Elias, John Emery, Bob Fl ansaas, Mi ke Ga rcia, Dan Greenfield, George Grigsby, Rich " Hamada, Sadao * Hayasa ki , Yos hi Hruban, Jim Hug, Steve * Kanzaki, Kat sutoshi

102.00 104.00 97.50 96.00 91.80 103. 10 92.50 94.80 105.40 100.95 103. 10 98.50 107.50 109.00 97. 10 94.20 106.40 105.20 104.25 11 2.8 0 92.50 109.60 109. 70

Kimball, Mi ke 95.90 Liton, Joe 95.68 Ret ired Loyd, Richa rd Magdaleno, Max 94.50 McCordy, Rich 99. 175 Millman, Dan ** * Mori saki, Minoru 104.80 Radomski, Steve 97.50 Ritter, Craig 96.40 Sakamoto, Makot o No sco re Sanchez, Juan 104.00 Scorza, Rich 97. 475 Sext on, Tom 98.66 Simm ons, Brent 106.30 Sim mons, Dick 95. 10 Swetman, Dick 100.92 5 Thor, Dave 11 2. 70 Tickenoff, Paul 109.95 88.1 25 Trott, Bruce Tucker, Rick 11 1.1 0 Turoff, Fred 107. 00 * Watanabe, Ma sayuki 11 5.00 Weiner, Bar ry 106.80 * = not U.S. Citizens **Comin g out of ret irement

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How to be aGreat Gymnast in 3,274 Easy Lessons DAN MILLMAN Gymnastics Coach Stanford University

Glue your eyes to this page , gymnast, for herein li e the " secrets " for becoming a champion. No, you won ' t find keys to learning a stutz hand or full twisting back. The analysis of individual movements should best be left to sages like Jerry George. What you will find here, is advice. You can probably get the same advice from your coach, but perhaps written down it will carry more weight. The advice is simple and may even seem obvious. Reading it is easy. Following it is difficult. The degree to which you follow this advice will set your potential as a gymnast. Let's begin with the assumption that you have a reasonably healthy body , and you 're between 5' and 6' in height , give or take a few inches. Let's also assume you have a " good attitude" the fundamentals of swing. Again , check Jerry and are " motivated" - two psychological states George's articles for details on this , and ask that are so complex as to defy discussion within your coach. the scope of this brief article. Along with correct technique should always Speaking metaphorically , the correct physical be understanding. Strive to understand why and psychological variables listed above furnish and how of every movement you learn. Try and solid, level ground upon which to build a pyrarelate swing on one apparatus to swing on mid. The very top of the pyramid represents another. You would be amazed how many gymnastics mastery, or, your top individual threads of understanding are interwoven potential. through the fabric we call " gymnastics. " Often , First , we need a solid foundation . A strong gymnastics foundation consists of basic physi- a gymnast will " learn" a movement only to lose it later on. He may say he " psyched out. " cal skills: Listen - there is rarely ever a true " psych. " a. You must be flexible - it helps to be supple Almost always, when a gymnast loses a move , in all the major joints of the body. The he is simply doing something wrong that he should~rs and hip area are especially isn 't aware of. Understanding the why 's and important. how 's will help keep work stable. b. You must be strong-that doesn 't mean Now you are nearing the top of the pyramid, just powerful in a few areas , or able to do nearing a fine point. Keep your work goalan iron cross; it means you must be able to correctly control the large and small oriented. The goal should 110t be merely completion of a movement , but in pelforming the muscles all over your body. You should be basic parts of the movement correctly. For able to relax as well as tighten muscles. c. You must have good kinesthetic feel- that example, if landing on one's feet is the only is , you should be able to feel what your goal on a front handspring on the floor , it can arms and legs are doing-angles , positions still be a very poor handspring. However, if the - without looking, but from muscular goal is complete shou lder extension, head in the right position, hard kick and correct timing "feel. " Because this fee l is developed best in the air, free from pressure cues , bounc- of push , you ' ll learn a correct and elegant front handspring. ing the trampoline is very important. All the theory and the basics are vital; they These three foundation elements are not learned in a day or a month or a year, but must cannot be overlooked. But they are not enough. At the top of the pyramid, supporting a solitary constantly be re-worked, refined , and polished. Once you have the basic elements to a good gold medal, are three bricks. They have names: degree , you can begin building upwards. The CONDITIONING , OVERLOAD , AND REPETITION. next step is to teach yourself the correct body If you want to stay injury free and ready to positions for gymnastics . The tuck , piked, and straight body positions along with slight hyper- maximize workouts and perform effic ient, extended (or arch) position are the main body routines , you must be in cOl1diriol1. Your heart , positions. As simple as they seem, few gym- lungs , and muscles must be able to work innasts have a beautiful tuck, pike (V or L) or tensely for short periods , building up what is st. body position. Work these until they are called an "oxygen debt. " You must be able to mastered while in a hold or in motion. In many keep going for hours of rigorous workout. This cases it is necessary to be able to move from takes endurance through proper conditioning. one of these positions to another very rapidly , Run an endurance circui t, alternating between for example, a pike to an arch (mostly chest) as running and doing rapid strength exercises . in a back toss handstand on the parallel bars . Overload and constantly , consistently overAssuming the body positions are refined to a load. Every day try to give your body a bit certain proficiency, you should then work on more than it can handle comfortably. Here's an

interesting principle called the " homeostatic" principle: Within limits, your body will adapt to do what is demanded of it. When your hands are constantly subjected to heat from swinging around the high bar day after day, the body grows callouses to guard your hands. When your body demands more oxygen than it can give every day , soon your lungs and vascular system grow to meet the demand. When more contraction is demanded from your muscles , they will grow in proportion to that demand. (It's important to make that demand gradual, over time , or your ligaments and tendons may suffer.) You grow as a gymnast by forming the habit of doing more than is comfortable. By doing what failures don ' t like to do. Repetition - even after all the fancy theory and underststanding , one fact remains true. Your body has a wisdom of its own . Theories too often fit only the " ideal " body type. Only through constant repetition of skills will your body learn the most efficient way to perform skills and whole routines. Learn the basics , learn how to swing, learn the parts , sequences, and finally , concentrate on routines. They must be learned as wholes. Constantly check back to see if the parts cannot be done even better. Every day you do every movement, you should "learn" it again , and make it a bit better. Have you ever seen the ultimare back somersault? No- it can always be higher. Many gymnasts jump from the foundation of the pyramid too quickly to the top, or skip intermediate steps. The result may seem OK for a time , but the total creation is not secure, lacking in consistency and real elegance. Follow the progressions. Learning is most effectively accomplished in small steps , digesting each before continuing. Instead of "throwing and going" for every move , try to perform related simpler 路movements or parts of the whole. Work systematically and strive to enjoy each day. Not everyone can reach the Olympics, but you call reach your ultimate potential. Isn 't that what it 's all about?

NATIONAL COACHING STAFF NAMED ........................... . The United States begins a long-needed, ambitious program of having a national coach and staff . For years, the U.S.A. has utilized the sk ills of many dedicated, talented and hard-working school-co ll ege, or Turner-Sokol coaches. Then when a gymnast needed to become part of a truly national team, and work under the guidance of a national coach and/or staff, he or she was without the opportunity to gain from such an experience because this nation lacked such a program. In November of 1969, at the USGF Congress, two outstanding coaches were named to the United States first national coaching positions: Mrs. Dale Flansaas, now at the University of Nevada at Reno, Nevada \s National Women's Coach. In the men's area, long-time great coach, Gene Wettstone from Pennsylvania State University was named . Now we are most pleased to announce their initial se lections as staff coaches to aid them in the three year program now getting underway to prepare our gymnasts for the lS72 Olympic Games...._.and all international matches in between now and then. WOMEN'S COACHING STAFF : National Women's Coach. Staff:

Special Assistants.

Mrs. 0 ale Flansaas. Mrs. Muriel Grossfeld Mr. Bud Marquette Mrs. Wanda Obradovich Mr. Vannie Edwards Mr. George Lewis Mrs. Jackie Uphues (Officials Representative) Pianist. [to be announced]

MEN'S COACHING STAFF: National Men's Coach. Staff:

Special Assistants.

Mr. Eugene Wettstone. Mr. Abe Grossfeld Mr. Bill Roetzheim Mr. Rusty Mitchell Maj. Karl Schwenzfeier Dr. Joe Massimo Mr. Frank Cumiskey (Officials Representative)

The task we have placed before this group of highly qualified coaches and assistants is a most challenging one. Perhaps, in light of the work to be done, no group of American gymnastics coaches has ever been so challenged. Many, if not most of these coaches are young. The-work they must now perform for their country is not easy and will demand many hours and days and even weeks of their time and energies. The reward is not monetary, it is the same as coaching has always provided, the knowledge that you have done a great job, and done that which no one else has ever done before. I am hopeful that every coach in AJ1.lerica will now look forward to working with this group, and aid them in making a supreme effort during their tenure to bring the United States into a position of prominence and respect among amateur gymnasts of the world . If the system works in the U.S.A., we can look forward to a program of this type being in existence for many years with many coaches being involved during their tenure as staff or national coach. I congratulate each and everyone of you named above, and charge you on behalf of the many thousands of gymnasts in this nation, to give your very best during this period of time. Weare proud to have you in the position and look forward to your program and the results of that program ........ August, 1972.

FRANK L. BARE, Chairman United States Gymnastics Commission .

U.S.G.F.

Materials

1910

F.I.G . CODE OF POINTS FOR ii/lEN. The off icial Code of Points for Men, conta ining rules and al l the important information, plus the A-B-C ratings for all events, with illustrations. 196 pages. $ 3.50

F.I.G. CODE OF POINTS FOR WOMEN. Th e Official Code of Points for women, published by the International Fed erat ion, contains difficulty ratings and all rules. Vaults illustrated. $ 2.00

AGE GROUP GYMNASTICS WORKBOOK. The finest publication of it's type availab le anywhere. This exce ll ent book provides the teacher or coach with a graded progression of compulsor ies for boys and girls, ages 6 through 18. Assigned values for each pa rt make an excellent lesson plan. $3.00 [94 pages1.

F.I.G.MEASUR EfVlENTS AND DIMENSIONS. The official FIG book on measurements and dimensions of all gymnastics equipment. Diagrams included. $ 1.50

NATIONAL COMPULSORY ROUTINES. The USGF-DGWS National routines for Girls. Now in use in every part of the USA. Graded levels of performance, music, diagrams, and the USGF 's trampoline and tumbling routin es are added. $ 1.50

NOTES FROM ROr~lE , A judges training supplement to the FIG Code for Women [item 2 above1, and fil led w ith useful inform at ion based on the FIG Judges course held in Rome . 50 cents.

F.I.G . BULLETIN. The official quarterly notice published by the FIG , conta ins international schedule s, and virtua lly all pert inent information for international gymnastics. A must for the involved coach. $5.00/per year.

GYMNASTIOUE MODERNE CLASS III. Beginning level book , by Mrs. M ildred Prchal, the USA's finest authority on this new world -class event. Stick figures, music and routin es included. $ 1.50.

GYMNASTIOUE MODERNE CLASS II. Intermediate level book , by M rs. Mildred Prch al. The second in a p lanned series for bringing the USA into this new and beautiful event. $ 1.50 [ava ilabl e May 1,19701

10.

RULES AND POLICI ES FOR VlJOf'ilE N'S CO~,1PE TITION . Th e com pl et e guide for wo men's competitions, for local, regional , national leve l USGF events. All forms shown, awards, complete gu ide. $1.00

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11.

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12.

GYMNASTICS POSTERS. The USGF Press provides fast serv ice on 11 x 17 inch posters, w ith your meet announcement or season schedu le shown thereon. Handstand figure, large word GYMNASTICS across the top . $ 15.00 per hundred, send us your copy desired [printed please1 allow 2 weeks for delivery.

13.

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14.

THE MODERN GYMNAST MAGAZINE . The nations fi~est gymnastics publication and one of the best in the w or ld. All the photo coverage and resu lts of the events happening here and in every part of the wo rld. You need this for your persona l library and sch ool library as w ell. Write the Modern Gymnast. 410 Broadway, Santa Monica, California 9040 6. $ 5. 00 per year [10 issues1 .

15.

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SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERVICES

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logic and consistency on.e cannot grant A + A unless the " L" suppo rt is held for 2 seco nd s.

JUDGING bYJERRY By JERRY WRIGHT

ACRITICAL REVIEW OF THE DIFFICULTY RATINGS IN THE F.I.G. CODE OF POINTS

Article I V (Casts) Number 3: One might think by this time in lieu of the man y omissions of 2-sec. holds in the transl ations into the English version of the Code that thi s mi ght be the case here. However, the re is no hold , acco rding to the French Code. I think that it probab ly should be included here.

Article VIII (Pirou ette s) Number 5: A very questionable B move which I wou ld relegate to a ve ry low B leve l (0.2 1!?)

Artic le Xl (Felges) Number 3: A relatively easy C es pecia ll y when compared with #9 or X 11-6.

(1968 Edition) by JON CULBERTSON New College Sarasota, Fla. PART IV PARALLEL BARS Article I (Stemme backwa rd s) Number 2: The handstand must be held for 2 second s, according to the French Code which I believe is an unneces sary stipula tion for a relatively easy B, anyway.

Number 3: After the bac k pirouette th e French Code again calls for a 2-sec. hold in the handsta nd which is a more legitimate requirement in this case. However, thi s should be cons idered a low C , particularl y if any hes itation occurs between the back-uprise and th e reverse pirouette, as a comparison with 1-9 would indi cate.

Numbers 5 & 7: The " L" support mu st be held 2 sec., according to the French Code .

Number 6: The " L" support must be held 2 sec. here , accord ing to the French Code. This combination is so common today that I would tend to be ve ry critical in its technical execution (e.g. straight arms in the support swing and moveme nt in the " L" support) and rate it a low C.

Artic le V (S tut zkehres) Number 2: It is rumored (or stated) in some circles th at the a ngle between the body and the bars should be at leas t 45째 now. Although not official , it is a warranted change which may take effect in the next edition of the C ode. One is certainly justified in evalu ating the le vel of this B move (high or low) in direct proportion to the size of th e angle. 2. Stutzkehre forword to forword swi ng in support, body ot least 30 degrees above horizontal

Article VI ( Reverse Stutzkehres) Number 3: It is st range to me that 2 consecutive reverse stutzes are not considered redundant ; the examples in #6 serving as much more appropriate C combinations. Hence, I would be prone to a B + B interpretation; certaitJly a low C combination.

~e~d ~e4J~ Number 8: Although implicit from the illustrations , the French Code verbally s pecifies straight a rms and a 2-sec. hold . I t can be a rgued here that this should be an A + B combination since the planche (" free s upport sca le") is later desi gnated a B by itse lf (see XVI-II) .

Number 9 : I may be behind the times (although I have played wit h this move my se lf) , but thi s strikes me as a very tough C move , a nd likewise #8 cou ld be considered a high B if the hand sta nd pos ition is achieved .

Article XII (Basket Fe lges) General: For a long time I have wondered why the sa me degree of distinction which is made for stut zkehres could not be made for bas kets. The C ode jumps from A to C without an intermediate level of performance for the basket which I believe should a nd can be delineated. A basket from stand or support which crcatcs an angle between the body and the bars of at leas t 60째 a nd with the shoulders a nd head we ll a bove the bars (o ne foot or more) or a basket to a momenta ry handstand such as in XI-2 , both should warrant a B distinction.

Number II : There is an apparent incons istency between this one and XI-4. I don 't belie ve doing the felge .at the end or in the middle of the bars is so different as to warrant thi s di stinction. 4. Shaot up (Feige) at end af bors to stradded Lsupport ,

A+ A

Article VII (Czechkehres) General : It is importa nt here to discuss the czechwende vs. the czechkehre. The czechwende is what Americans often ca ll a Moore and the czechkehre is such a Moore with an a dditional flank over one ba r. (The French nomenclature is far more logical and descriptive: czech wende = facia l czech and czechkehre = dorsa l czech.) These two moves were different in their difficulty ratings in the previous edition of the Code. While it has been appropriate to relegate the czechkehre from a C to a B, there is still ade quate di stinction betwee n the two to consider the czech wende a low B and the czechkehre a high B. Article XIV (Sa ltos backward) Number 8: Should read B + A(?) , but the French Code is remi ss in thi s also . (Ed. No te:

Article II (S temme forward ) Number I : Although the French Code does not stipulate thi s, I believe that for the sake of 26

Jon, may I suggest here that both moves are A parts, but that together they can form th e "B. " JLW )

Number 10: Must be a n erro r in both th e Fre nc h a nd E ngli sh ve rsion s as the illu stra tions s how thi s sta rt s with a rearward , not a forward , swing.

In other words th e ba ck sa lta is below th e 45 degrees making it all "A ," and th e stllt zkehre is below the 30 degrees making it an "A ," bllt in this case the two "A" mOl'es can be co mbined toform a " B." Artic le XV (Presses) General: Should it be ass umed that al l these presses require a 2-sec. hold when th e handsta nd is reac hed? Suc h is ex plicitly stated onl y in numbers 1-3 in the Engli sh version and only in # I in the French vers ion of the C ode' C larification from th e F. I.G. people on this point is most important. I assume tha t the ha nd stand position should be held. Otherwise, how does o ne ex plain allocating A + A in number 7 ?, but there are incon s istencies both ways in thi s art icl e:

Number 2 : These presses are common and easy (pa rticul a rl y the straight arm, bent body press) and , acco rdingly, should be ve ry criticall y evaluated in terms of speed a nd eve nne ss of movement. Thi s move , more than any other, is a ll too often pelformed in a way whic h should not receive a B ev alu at ion.

Article XVIII (Mount s) Numbers 2 & 3 : One could a rgue for A + B a nd A + C , re s pecti ve ly, s ince the indi vidu al ho ld positions a re ra ted Band C (cf. XVI-II & 12)

Numbe r 4-6: Although it doesn' t seem very critical he re , the French vers ion of the Code calls for a 2-sec. hold for the " L" support s . As mentioned in connection with czechs a bo ve (A rt. VII) , a di st inction between the two exampl es in #6 ought to be made wIth regard to the C leve l.

certainl y is not commensurate with XI-8. I would onl y give 5 a nd 6 a n A + B evaluation a nd 4 just an A' I n summa ry , th e new C ode is a grea t impro vement bo th in terms of added examples a nd upda ting the difficulty. Th e re are s till a fe w overly simpl e B's a nd C ' s but no t so many as th e re were before. The greatest problem with the present Code is ascertaining when th e 2-sec. hold s are necessa ry to the val ue of the move or combination . I could only think of a few addition al e xa mples tha t I would have included . Unlisted Moves a nd Comb inat ion s on Parallel Ba rs Front or back sho ulder rol es A Back upri se int o double rear or fl a nk vault A+ A Glide kip - reverse stut z A+ B Glide kip - front sa ito di smount C Czec hwende into straddle " L " cross support B + A? Glide into Germa n basket to ha nd or upper arms B? Basket to momentary ha nd stand B Front sa ito with Y2 turn to regra sp of outer bar C Front sa ito di s mount w ith I Y2 twist C Back sa ito di smount with full twist C C Reve rse stutz - front sa ito di smo unt Reve rse stutz - czech we nd e C

THE MODERN GYMNAST MAGAZINE

CG HARDBOUND MG's Article XVI (Hold s) General: Since these a re stat ic or hold pos ition s we can rather safely ass ume here that all example s should be he ld for 2 seconds. The French vers ion is more remi ss in sta ting so than the English vers ion of the Code. Number 8: I question tha t a straddl e on one rail or side support is harder than in cross su pport (#7). It is in some ways easier, particularly for a stiff person. Probably a low B.

Article XIX (Di s mount s) Number I: I fail to see why these examples should recei ve A + A , and I doubt if a ny judges give more tha n a single A. (Ed. No te: May I suggest that th e code is simply negligent in pointing out th at only the first 5 exa mples under th e A column are A stunts with only th e last example being A + A! JLW ) 1. Double rear vault forward or backward; high front vault or double high front vau lt, dou ble flank vault or straddle d,smount, bcÂťh arms, from side hand stand , A+ A

Article XV II (St raddl es a nd C ircle s) The 2-sec. hold of the " L" support pos ition has been omitted from numbers I, II a nd 12 , a nd there is a 2-sec. hold of the handstand in #4 , according to the French Code .

b;rf<E't Numbe r 2 : Should read A + B(?) , I believe, si nce the st raddle before the leg circles is unimporta nt to the execution of the circles.

~~~b;,\

1~1?f?J, Article XX (M isce ll aneou s) Number I: I see nothing in thi s combination which warra nts a B value_ A low B or A + A + A. Number 3: The " L " su pport s ideways was a B alone in XVI- 8 w hich I criticized. Thi s combination is inconsis tent with their evaluation of the " L" support sideways but coincides with mine , so I would judge thi s exa mple correct as A + B. Numbers 4-6: Are all very questionab le si nce th e free hip backward on the far bar is riot very difficult unle ss taken to a ha nd sta nd . It

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Dear Glenn, I can 't end with out complimenting th e M.G. and the authors of the ne w series "Anyone for All Around." This type of article has been needed in gymnastics for many years . It is not just the telling how to do individual skills, it is the basic philosophy and progres;io,;s behind every el'ent and routine that should be stressed. Sincerely, Jack Frowen Gymnastic Coach Deny, Penn.

• ARMONDO VEGA • RUSTY MITCHELL • RUSS PORTERFIELD • MARIE BILSKI • STORMY EATON • MAX MAGDALENO • PAUL TICKENOFF • LAQUITA HARGROVE !:-'nclosed is a picture taken by a friend in Santiago de Vera gllas on the Panamanian Fla g Day , NOI 'ember 4; 1969. Really quite a crowd there. ThattolVn really seems receptive to gymnastics. I pel!OI'med floor exercise and bars to the ''j/owin g'' music(!) of the fireman 's band. You just never heard anything like it. If it looks like one bar in th e picture is collapsing . .. it is! That's how much I dig gymnastics . . . just enough to take time out (before my English fails completely) to write you guys . So how abollt sending me those back issl(es. Yo te 10 agroda cere ' mucho. Gracias, Tom Morton. Ed: Mucho work MG to publish. All OK now back issue on their way.

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Dear Glenn, Sony to wake you guys up but it's been many an issue that I haven't got since I changed my mailing address . I've subscribed to the MG ever since I've been a gymnast and now you guys want to leave me before my dismount. A cat can get hurt that way!

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Dear Glenn: The IHSG CA (Illinois High School Gymnastic Coaches Association) and I would consider it a great favor if you would publish the enclosed photograph of Bill Ballester in the

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THE MAGIC OF GYMNASTICS is the first contemporary readings text on the gymnastic market! It consists of a compilation of articles submitted by some sixty-five nationally and internationally known teachers, coaches, and physical educators. This classroom text deals with the broad spectrum of the total gymnastic curricula for both boys and girls of all levels.

• • • • •

Designed for Teacher, Coach, and Professional Student! Includes Teaching Methodology for all levels! Kinesiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Gymnastics! Covers the Current Available Litera ture in the Field! Elementary, Secondary and College Level Physical Education Gymnastics! • Competitive Gymnastics at all levels! • Exhibition Gymnastics! • Lists Current Equipment and Supply Companies!

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TABLEOFCONTENTS Part I Hi storical Overview A Hi storical Rev iew o f the Develo pment of the Gymnastic Apparatus by Bruno A. J a hnke . A Br;ef Hi story of Trampoli ne Co mpetition. by Glelln Wilsoll .

3 8

Part II Gym nast ics in Fo re ign Lands Gymnastics in the Japanese School System. by Tsuyoshi Shimizu ......... T houghts on Gymnastics in the Austrian School System. by CUlllerA. t herer. Ph.D . . ............ . ......... . ............................ Gym nastic Training in the East German School System. by Bruno Klaus .. Gymnastics in th e H ungarian School System. by J a mes A. Farkas .......... An Intern at ional Gymnastic Symposi um for Male Coac hes. by Richard M. A rOllson ...........................................................

14 17 19 21

Part III Psychologica l I nte rpretations P syc ho logy and the Gymnast. by Dr. J oseph L. Massilllo ., .. , .......... , ... 32 Motivational Factors in Teac hi ng a nd Coac hing. by Dr. RichardJ . Smith . ... 35 P syc ho logical Basis of T eac hing Methodolog y. by Dr. ir vill E. Faria . . .. 37

Part IV Men's Gym nastics Floor Exercise for the Beginne r. by Jamill' Ashmore .. ..43 T .he Pommeled Horse Event. by R obert MallllillK .. 45 The Sti ll, Rings Event. by Fred Orlofsky ..................... .. ...... 48 T he Pa ra lle l Bars Eve nt. by Kenlleth T . Bartlett. .. ... 50 Long Horse Vau lt ing, by Armolldo Vega ....................................... 52 An In t roduc ti on to the Ho ri zontal Bar Event. by Roger H . Gedlley ......... 54 The A ll-Around Event. bl' Arthar S Ill/dock. .., .......... 56 The Trampoli ne Event. b)' Fred B . Sallders . . ..... 58 Tumbl ing - The Foundation of Gymnastic Movement. by Frallk J. Fo rtier III ....................................... .. .. .. 60

Part V Women 's Gymnast ics T he Use of Da nce in Wo me n's Gymnas tics . by Gail S0l11l:erath. . .... Expression in Women's Gym nast ics. by Mimi Murra y .. ...................... Wo men's Gymnas tics at th e College Le ve l. by Edlt'ard P. Frall Z .... Trends and I nno va tion s in Women 's Internatio na l Gymnastics. by Vannie Edwards. . ....................

65 67 69 71

Trends in Judging Men's Gymnast ics in the United States. by Dr. J OII Cllibertsoll, Ph.D. .. .... 76 Gy mna stic Judging on the Interna tiona l Scene. by Dr. Gene Wl'llslO"e . .... 80

Part V II T he Art a nd Scie nce of Gym nastics 85 88 91 93

Part V III Ph ysical Basis of Gymnastic T raini ng For Physica l Ski ll or Fit ness. You Ca n't Beat Gymnastics. by Abie Grossfeld . .. ............................... 98 Tech ni que s for Enhanc ing Gymnastics Strength. by R aKer L. COllll sil ..... 100 Cardio~Respira ( ory Co nd ition ing for Gymnas ti cs. by Patrick J. Bird, Ph.D. ... 10 3 Co ndit ioning for Gymnastics. by Joseph M. Fodero. ... 108 Techniques of Hand Care for the Gymnast. by Ed ...ard J . Serobe ........... 114 Spott in g as a Safety Factor in Gymnastics. by Ja ck Bell soll .............. .. . I 16 Predicting Pote nt ia l Gymnastic Abilit y. by Joseph L. R eKl1(l ................ 11 8

Part I X G yronastic Foundatio ns

14 5 147 149 151 154 156

Part X I Gym nastic Programming . Sokol and Turner Initia te Gymnastics Program. by Ed. Gombos. Supplies and Equipment Needed to Initiat e a Gym na stic s Program. b)' Bob Rector, .................... A Check List 10 Aid in Pla nning G ymnastic Meets, by Eric Hllg hes, Ph.D. A C urrent List o f Gymnas tic Equip ment and Supply Companies. by Walt er Zwickel . .. ..........

162 165 168 173

Part X II Ex hi bi tion Gymnast ics Exhibition Gymnast ics. by George F . Kram er, Ph.D. T he Use ofa Li vi ng Statuary of Yout h T ableau x as Origi nated by Professor Leslie J . Judd. by Frallk A. Wolcoll .

.... 178 .... 180

Part XIII C urre nt Iss ues in Gy mn ast ics Is Gymnast ics Dangero us? A Stati st ical Ju stifi cat io n Correct ing C urre nt My ths. by Ralph A. Piper. Ph.D . .. ..................... . .... .... Is Trampol ine Safe? by Bill Sorellsoll. ... Is Gymnastics Gaining Popularity? by J ames M. Sweell ey. Ph.D. .. Gym nastics - A Team Sport? by Richard J . SlIIith. T umbli ng a nd Tra mpo li ne Removed from Co mpetition: Its Impac t on Gym nast ics Curricu la. by J ef! Austill. .. ............ . ............ The A ll-Around vs. the Specialis ts, by 0110 R yser, Ph.D. . ....

185 189 192 195 198 200

Part X IV Contem pl ative Read ings Gym nast ics as I See It. by Russell D. Mitchell . . ........ . .... , .... . .... ,.206 The United States Ca n W in in O lymp ic Gym nast ics. by Talll Ma lolley ... 209 Trampolining ' - Now a Worldw ide Sport. by George P. Nissell ... ........ 213

Part XV Overview of Available Gymnastic Li terature

Part V I Judging Competitive Gymnas tics

T he Art of Gymnast ics. by Dall J. Milllllall ........... ........................ Mec hanica l A nalys is of Gymnast ic Mo ve me nt. by J aseph A. Do rsey. Jr . .... T he Twisting Illusion in G ymn as tics. by DOll Tonry .......................... No me nclature of Gy mnast ics. by WilliamJ. Vincent, Ph .D . ...................

The Role of (j ymnast ics in the Seco ndary Schoo l C urric ul um , by W. P. Wortman. .. ... .... .... ... .... ..... . ........... Co mpe tit ive Gym nastics at the Secondary Level. by Bill R oettheim. . .. Gymnast ic Ab il it y Le ve ls of College Students . by J ohll Rammaeher, .. Teach ing Methodo logy for Advanced Level Sk ill s . by Or",y" Sampson. Ph.D. . .. A Backward Approach 10 Teaching Gymnas tics. by Erik Kjeldsell ......... Efficiency in Teachi ng Co mpet itive Gymnas tics. by Larry Ballller. . .

Gymnastics - The Basis of Movement Educatio n. by Thoma s C. Dunkley 121 T he Ro le of Gymnastics in the In tramura l Sports Progra ms. by J ohll C. Gilmore . EdD . ..................................................... 124 G mnas tics - The Fou nda tion of A ll Ph sical Educa tion Ac tivit ' Cu rricu la. Y III lOlly . a""IO. T he U niq ue Contrib utions of Gym nastics to Physical Education a nd Ath letics. by Hartley Price, PhD . ............................................. 130

Gym nast ic Magazines - U.S. and Fore ign. by R ichard Criley. PhD. .. .. 218 A Current Bibl iography of Avai lable Gymnastic Mate rial. .223 by C lair W. Jelllle lt , Ph.D. The A na lys is of Gymnas tics - A Survey of the Lite ratu re, .. 227 by A. Bruce Frederick.

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Part X Gym nastics in the Schoo ls Tu mbling Abi lity Le vels of E lementary School Ch ildren , by R ex Davis .... 136 Competitive Gymnast ics at th e E le me nta ry Sc hool Le ve l. by Godfrey S tyeh . . 140 Teac hing Met hodology fo r Basic Level Sk ill s, by Marshall R. Clalls ....... 142

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April 17·18, 1970. Notional YMCA Gymnastic Championship, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. April 23, 24, 25, 1970 USGF Notional Champion ships for Men and Women. Convention Cen ter - Los Vegas, Nevada (World Gomes Compulsories wi ll be used) Front ier Hotel wi ll be th e Headq uarters. May, 1970 Second An nual World Cup, Long Beach, California . International Juages Gourses for Men and Women. Tentati vely schedu led for Long Beach, pending approval of FIG Officials involved. Course for all Engli sh-speaking women ... Men from Canada, U.S.A. and Mexico . October 22-27, 1970. WORLD 'S GAMES .. Liubjlana, Yugoslav;a. AIIril 11 :12, 1970, NAAU Trampoline Championships, Houston, Texas. April 18, 1970, Final-USA Team Trials for World Team Memphis, Tennessee '

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West Penn Gymnastic Camp, At Sokol Camp- New Kensingt on, Penna . July 26t h thru Aug ust 22nd. For information con ta cL Steve Banjak, 348 New Cas tle Sireet , Sl ippery Rock, Po. 1605 7. Georgia Gymnastic Camp, At Camp G. M. Acres, Palmetto, Georg ia (June 7-13, 1970. For information con ta cL Sammy Andrews-Woodwa rd Academy, P. O. Box 87 190, College Pork, Georgia 30337. Eastern Gymnastic Camp Clinic: At Camp Skymount, Greenlone, Po. 18054. June 20-27 and August 23-30. For Informati on can ta cL Eas t ern Gymnastic Clinic, Inc. 8009 Rugby St reet, Philadelphia , Po. 191 50. Sokol USA Gymnastic School: At Sokol Woodlands - Mo il Rood, Barryville, N.Y. July 5t h to Aug ust 30th (weekly sessions). For Information con tacL Sokol Woodland s, Barryville, N.Y. 127 19. 4th Annual Institute in Gymnastics: At Indiana Stat e Uni· versi ty, Terre Haute, Indiana. July 61 h thru 17th, 1970. For Information contact, Roger Counsil at Indiana Stat e Univ. Terra Haute, Indiana. Hall of Fame All Sports Camp : At North Central College, Napervi lle, III. (Gymnast ics, Swimming & Tennis). For Informa ti on contacL Hall of Game comps, 6424 N. Fairfield, Ch icago, III. 60645. Mid-Atlantic Gymnastic Camp, At Fairleigh-Dickinson University, Florham Pork, Madison, New Jersey. August 16 to 30th. For information contacL Carl A. Deck, 501 Long Spri ngs Rood, South ampton, N.Y. 11 968. Camp Atlantic Inc . At Ocean Isle Beach, North Carolina. Two four week programs. For Infor mation contact: Camp Atlant ic Inc. P.O. Box 13091, Greensbor o, N.C. 27405. 4th Annual " Scat (All Girl) Gymnastic Camp", At Big Bear Lake, Ca lifornia. July 11 -25. For Information contact , M r s. Tiny Wyckoff, 63 16 Mariq uita St, Long Beach, California 908 1 4. Gymnastic Workshop (for women), At Stanford University, Stanford Ca lifornia. June 22-J uly 2nd. For Information con tacL Gymnasti c Workshop, Women's Gymnasium, Stanford, Calif. 94305 .

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