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NOTES FROM THE EDITOR: IN OUR LAST EDITORIAL,we mentioned among othe r things, that Gerald George our " ANYONE FOR ALL-AROUND" series coordinator, was busy sending out letters to coaches all over the country, to solicit instructional material to pass on to the gymnastic community at large through the pages of the MG. Apparently he did not receive the response he had hoped for and is questioning the desire of our American gymnastic coaches to contribute to the national scene .. .. Which leads us to the following challenge by Dr. Gerald George.
TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME XIII I NUMBER 2 I FEBRUARY 1971
4 6 8 9 10 12
WHERE HAVE ALL THE COACHES GONE ... ? There ' s plenty of talk questioning whether we actually have any coaches at all . . . Most everyone under our gymnastic system is screaming for a greater number of technical articles and illustrative teaching aids ... At our regional and national gymnastic gatherings, attention always seems to finally focus upon upgrading the levels of gymnastic concept. It's the age old syndrome of everybody wanting to get to heaven, yet nobody willing to die to get there . .. My question is, " Do we really give a dam?" Surely it isn't evidenced by the greater number of our supposed coaches . All of them want to be ., heard, yet most of them are afraid to speak . IT IS BOTH THE' DUTY AND THE RESPONSIBILITY OF KNOWLEDGEABLE PEOPLE DEDICATEDTO A FIXED PURPOSE TO COMMUNICATE TO AS MANY CONCERNED THOSE UNDERSTANDINGS AND PRACTICES WHICH SERVE TO ENHANCE THE CAUSE. We of the MG staff feel everyone has something of value to offer. Many of us can contribute significantly to the national coaching scene through MG ' s ongoing series ' Anyone For All Around' . In this light, we again are ask ing all of the MG readers to send in articles dealing with any facet of the AII Around . . . i .e., ' skill analyses, teaching / coaching points, illustrations, photo-sequences , special problem areas, etc. Help us help our gymnast on a national level. Submit your article to me at the address below. Dr. Gerald S. George, Coordinator Dept. of Physical Education Old Domin ion University Norfolk, Virginia 23508
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NEXT EDITION: Report of the USSR vs USA Competition at Penn State, another photo sequence routine, one sixth of an "Anyone For All -Around " report, " The Fly-a -Way" , a pa rody on a Long Horse vault by Robert B. Davis plus many more MG features .
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NOTES FROM THE EDITOR, Glenn Sundby CHALK TALK MODERN GYMNAST MADEMOISELLE, Vicki Lynn Beck CANADIAN REPORT, John Nooney NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL NEWS, Bi" Ba"ester CALIFORNIA WINTER GYMNASTICS CLINIC , BERKELEY, CALIF., Jerry Wright and Steve Lerner UNITED STATES TRAMPOLINE ASSOCIATION NATIONAL CLINIC AND ORGAN~ IZATIONAL MEETING , Ronnie Munn MG SEQUENCE PHOTO, Takuji Hyata HAIR, James A. Petrino GYMNASTICS CAMP! , Daniel J. Mi"man THE INFERNAL SPOTTING MACHINE 1984, Robert B. Davis A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RANGE OF MOVEMENT AT THE ELBOW JOINT AND SUCCESS IN SELECTED SKILLS IN GYMNASTICS, Chic Johnson BUILDING AND USING A HORIZONTAL BAR SPOTTING TABLE , John Emre LETTERS BOOK REVIEWS , Dick Criley MG CALENDAR MG INDEX FOR 1970 - VOL. X" , A. B. Frederick, Compiler
~OVER:
Featured on this month's MG is an origmal watercolor by Robert Egusa. Bob is currently a student at the Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles, his major is illustration. PUBLISHER路EDITOR: Glenn Sundby ASSOCIATE EDITORS, STAFF: Kenneth Sakoda, Dick Criley ASSOCIATE EDITORS, FEATURE: A Bruce Frederick, Education; Dr. James S. Bosco, Research; Jerry Wright, Competition; Fran k Bare, USGF; John Nooney, Canada; Andrzej Gonera, European; Gerald George, Dan Millman, Don Tonry, AA Instructional; Bill Roetzheim , Instructional. THE MO DE RN GYMNAST maga z ine is published by Sundby Publicatio ns, 410 Broadwa y, Santa Monico, Ca lifo rni a 9040 1. Second Class Pos tage paid a t San ta Monica , Ca lif . Pub li shed mont hly except bi .mon thly June , J uly, August and. Septembe r. Price $6.00 per year, 60e a sing le copy . Subscription co rrespond ence, The MODERN GYMNAST, P.O . Box 6 11, Santa Monica, California 90406. Copyrig ht 197 1漏 all rights reserved by SUNDBY PUB LI CATIONS, 4'10 Broadway, Santa Monica , Calif. All photos and manuscripts submitted become the property of Th e MO DERN GYMNAST un less a re tu rn request and suffi cient posta ge a re included.
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cording to their gymnastic abilities . Sokol Woodlands w ill be concluded with a one-week school on modern gymnastics. Instru ctio ns will include progression, theory and practice, and teaching methods with va ri o us hand implements, such as balls, Indian clubs , jump-rope, hoops, streamers, etc. The school will open on August 28th and will cont inu e through September 4th.
"The Russians Are Coming!" The USSR will send its men 's and women's national teams to the United States for a tour early next month and Penn State is the fi rst stop on the agenda. The Soviet m en will meet a team of present and former Penn State gymnasts on Saturday, February 6. The Russian women, the current world champions, will compete against the United States national team the preceding Friday, February 5. " Uri Titov (former world champion now coach of the Soviet national team) told me they are accepting the invitation not 50 much to improve in their sport, but to see and examine the facilities and methods used in training the student gymnasts in large univers iti es," Wettstone says. " I think they are also interested in traveling through thi s country and enjoying the social aspects of such a tri p." " The Soviet athlete today is far different than he was 1 0 years ago, " Wettstone notes. "They are well-mannered individuals, re ady and willing to assoc iate with others. Whereas they used to be aloof, now they are eage r to meet people, discuss politics and western ideals-altho ugh they are not completely ready or expected to agree with them ." This Penn State meet will be over with by the MG (Feb. issue) press tim e. The results will be featured in th e next issue (March).
Sokol Woodlands' Clinic A Complete Success The 1970 eight-week Sokol Invitational Gymnastic Train ing School (Cli nic) at Sokol Woodlands, Barryville, N.Y. has had another successful season. It has developed into one of the best organized and conducted gymnastic training institutes in the country. The Sokol Woodland's Gymnastic Training School is recogniz ed and enthusiastically supported by many high schoo l and college physical education teachers and coaches not only in the Eastern Area, but in such states as Illinois, Florida, and Cal iforn ia. Registrants must be assigned to expert directorship; to thorough and effective instruction; to the spacious and well equipped gymnasium in the huge field house; to the modern and well maintained swimming pool; and the friendly domestic atmosphere, adequate sleeping quarters and good food. Unusual enth usiasm and willingness to learn were in evidence, and the instructors acted accordingly. Every piece of apparatus was utilized. The students were teamed ac-
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Report from the Texas High School Gymnastic Clinic Brian W. Schenk, director John H. Reagan High Schoo l Austin, Texas, Dec. 27-30,1970 One hundred twenty-si x high school gym nasts and eleven teachers part icipated in a schoo l gymnastics-oriented Clinic during the Christmas holidays at Reagan High School in the Texas capita l city. Twenty two clinicians, led by Joe Giallombardo (New Trie r West High Sc hool, Northfield, 111.); and Darlene Schmidt (Southwest Texa s State University) were act ive in the instructional program . Needed equipment was fu rnish ed by Nissen Corporation and the sponsoring John H. Reagan High School Gymnastics Club . The Texa s Hi gh School Compulsory Exerc ises were taught during the first days of the clinic, placing emp hasis on careful execut ion of basic sk ill s. Separate gym-
Receiving awards during Texas High School Gymkana are Outstanding clinic students Eugene Hayman (I.), 16, Junior, Deer Park, and Cathy Moore, 17, Senior, Midland (3d from I.). Head men 's clinician Joe Giallombardo and head women 's clinician Darlene Schmidt join them in the presentation ceremony. Texas High School Clinic, December 30, 1970.
Sokol Woodlands Clinic
nasium s for the boys and girls programs pe rmitted simultaneo us classes in severa l events ea ch hour. Optional exercises and rout in e building were taught during'the remaining days of the Clinic. Th e Texa s High School Gymkana was presented Wednesday even ing, December 30th as the hi ghli ght of the Clinic. Twentyeight gym nasts were se lected from eleven Texas schoo ls to participate in demonstrations of the State Compulsories and of opitional exercises in All Around events, plus trampoline and tumbling. In a special coac hes meeting during the Clini c, Coach Emil Milan (L. D. Bell Hi gh, Hurst) was elected President of a newly formed Texas H igh School Gymnastic Coaches Associatio n, for a three-year term of office. Brian Schenk (Reagan, Austin) and Sharon Cranfill (Be ll High , Hurst) were e lected Vice President and Secretary of th e Association , also for three-year terms. The Coaches Association is affi I iated with the Gymnastic Association of Texas (Statewide al l-l evel gymnastic coordinating organization). The Coaches Association will be the gove rnin g body for interscholastic gymnastic competition until the sport is accepted by the State Interscholastic League for school competitio n state-wide.
EASTMAN KODAK Eastman Kodak Co. has announced its support of the United States Olympic team during the 1972 Olympic Games. Kodak wi ll work through photo retai lers and customers to offer an Olympic m emento. Through sa les of this memento, Kodak hopes to raise more than $100,000 for the Olympic team. In add iti o n to the funds to th e team, Kodak will also provide U.S. team members with cameras and films. A Kodak spokesman said each Olympian will receive a Kodak Instamatic camera, f ilm and necessa ry accesso ri es 50 that he can build a visual record of his days as an Olympic performer.
Belated Credit Th is is to correct an oversight on our part. In the November (1970) issue of the MG (page 12) we ran an article entitl ed THE SMOKING GYMNAST. By accident, it ra n w ithout the author's. name. Th e author of that article was Thomas Boone of the UniveFsity of Florida.
1971 TENTATIVE OLYMPIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN (Part of National and 6 Year Olympic Development Program - approved at 1970 Coaches Congress and Olympic Committee Meeting) U.S.S .R. MATCH COM PETITION April 23-27
Japan Invitational
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U.S.S.R. in U.S.A.
World Cup
Feb. 2-11
May 22 Miami, Florida
4 and4 Riga, Russia GYMNASTS SELECTED BY NATIONAL STAFF
N.C.A .A. Top 10 plus 107 scores Apr. 1, 2, 3
Championships of U.S .A. Top 10 plus 107 scores April 15-17
Any National organization with Nat'liudges FIG Program
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Pan American and National Team Tryouts June 18-19
Pan. Am . Entries by June 20th
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Olympic Training Camp June 20-26 Top 15 plus 3 slot
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International Match Competitions France-Bulgaria-Roumania July 1-21
Pan American Games Columbia, South America Depart July 25 (Miami) July 30 competition begins.
NATIONAL GYMNASTICS JUDGES ASSOCIATION ANNOUNCES ... 1971 NCAA compulsory e xe rcises are avai la b le for purchase (inc ludes 1972 Olympic Compu lso ry e xe rcises on SR, LH, PB and HB p lu s stick figure s and poi nt
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ATTENTION HIGH SCHOOLS: Be sure to get in the results of your area's high school championsh i ps early if you want them in the MG high school issue.
-ed.
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Vicki Lynn Beck Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. james Beck, Crestline, Ohio. Sophomore at Kent State University, Kent, Ohio. Member of the Crestline Gymnastic Club-Traveling Team2nd Place - All - Round, 1965 LEAAU junior Olympics, Intermediate Division. 3rd Place - Uneven Parallel Bars, LEAAU jun. Olympics, 1965, Int. Division. 4th Place - Floor Exercise, 1965 LEAAU jun . Olympics, Int. Division. 5th Place - Balance Beam, 1965 LEAAU jun . Olympics, Int. Division. 1st Place - All - Round, Side Horse Vau It, Floor Exercise, Uneven P. Bars, Balance Beam, 1965 Crestline Invitational Meet. 1 st Place - All-Round, Uneven P. Bars, Floor Exercise, 1966 and 1967 Crestline Invitational Meet. . 1 st Place - Columbus Turners Meet, Uneven P. Bars, 1966, junior Division. 1st Place - Mansfield YWCA Meet, Uneven P. Bars, 1966 and 1967. 2nd Place - All -Round, Cleveland Swiss Turners Meet, 1970, Novice Div. Member of Kent State University Gymnastic Club, M ember of Kent State "Gymnastics in Motion," 1970. 4th Runner Up - Miss Heart of Ohio (Miss America Pageant) 1969. Talent Winner - Miss Heart of Ohio Pageant, 1969 (Uneven P. Bars and Floor Exercise). Winner - Miss Heart of Ohio (Miss America Pageant) 1970. Top Ten FinalistMiss Ohio Pageant, 1970. Freshman Cheerleader ---'- Kent State University, 1969. Varsity Cherleader - Kent State University, 1970. Vicki has received many recogn itions from local papers for her work with gymnastics and youth work. She has been listed in " Who's Who in American High Schools," Student Council Member of High School.
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CANADIAN
HI REPORT
German Harmonie Club in Toronto. Karl starts a new career as a teacher in one of our local high schools and Margaret continues to run the club. Canada needs more people like the Nutzenbergers. Thank you Margaret and Karl.
(2) To en sure a nationwid e coverage by coaches of certain basic or otherwise important movement-forms which may be unconsciou sly neglected by individual gymnasts or coache s, with later disastrous conse quences.
INTERCOLLEGIATE GYMNASTICS
NOTE: Th ese routines, as formulated by Tom Zivic of York University, will be used at the 1971 C.I.G .C.A. Championships (York University, March 6th) unless sufficient coaches oppose the scheme, in writing, directly to me. We should point out:(1) These routines are not intended for all university gymnasts. Only those gymnasts asp iring to a position on their Conference team s need seriou sly work the compulsory routines , for only the best six from each Conference will perform the compulsories at the C.I.G .C.A. Nationals. (2) The best si x men from each Conference should be able to master these routines in the five months that lie ahead. Le ss experi enced gymnasts have until the 1972 C.I.G .C.A. championships to learn and perfect these same routines. (3) Copies of the compulsories can be obtained direct from Mr. Tom Zivic York Uni verSity, Toronto, Ontario.
by jack Charteris, Guelph Univ.
There is much to report, much to be done, and the C.I.G.C.A. has a long way to go to realize its aims for current, and subsequent, seasons. The World Student Games is behind us HERE AND THERE now - hopefully leaving many of us with Mr. H. Matsuda (formerly Yamashita) is ideas for improvements for the future. Reon the staff of the University of Alberta ports on those games, and results, appear until the end of February, perhaps longer herein. URGENT if you are interested in having a clinic by I japan's coach, please write Mr. Geoff ElWe have yet to hear from any Conferliot, Faculty of Physical Education, Univer- ence in the country. - Please treat the sity of Alberta Edmonton. fo llowing d irective as personal and urgent : If you are interested in promoting the 2nd National Technical Conference c.I.G .c.A. in your Conference, please let Postponed to the New Year. Discussions will be on the new Meet Manual and the this office know. My address is : Professor j . Charteris " Aims and Objectives of the Technical School of Physical Education Committee. College of Biological Sciences AMERICAN COACHES University of Guelph I appreciate you writing to me as regards Guelph, Ontario teaching positions etc., in Canada. NatAny collegiate coach whose interest is urally as some of you know I am only too sufficient may represent the Conference in delighted to give you all the information which his/ her team competes. Only in the but may I suggest that contacting the Ontario region have Conference represenChairman of the College Coaches Assns. tatives been properly delegated . Duties of at Guelph University. Mr. jack Charteris, Conference representatives are negl igible Guelph University, Ontario, Canada might at the present time, and involve nothing be ' more helpful as jack has his own newsmore than providing your presidents with letter etc., and is in touch with all our channels for communciation with the reCanad ian colleges. spective Conferences. A strong C.I.G .C.A. must be based on interest at the ConferINVITATIONAL WORLD GYMNASTIC ence level rather than unilateral decisionTOURNAMENT, WINNIPEG making by your Ontario-dominated execuCongratulations to the organizers of this first world invitation meet. By the time tive. Please show your support by writing us. you read thi s this very excellent event will be over. it hoped that France, Italy, japan, New Coaches Yugoslavia, Russia, U.S.A. and Canada will We can now officially welcome Arno have attended . My personal congratulations Lascari and Sandra Hartley (U .B.C.), and to all the gymnastic fraternity in the city Barry Brooker (Queens) to the growing of Winnipeg. ranks of well-qualified collegiate-level
by John Nooney 18 Lavington Dr. Weston, Ontario
INFORMATION ON GYMNASTICS Mr. Lew Waller our National Secretary, 357 Duke of Kent Ave., Pointe Cliare, Que. has put together a list "Where to Get It" Compulsories, Book etc., the U.S.G.F. list M. G. Mille Olypiche Turnkunst Code of Points etc. He has put price, address and a brief description. This is an excellent gu ide to anyone gymnast, coach, teacher etc. Please write Lew for this part of his newsletter. This man is doing an outstanding job as National Secretary. NORTH YORK GYM CLUB, TORONTO Often we overlook unsung heroes as we concentrate on world championships etc., but the heart of the sport is the local gymnastic club. May i take this opportunity to thank Mr. and Mrs. Karl Nutzenberger the founders of this club and one of our earlier pioneers of the sport in Ontario. Lest it be forgotten by new members of the Sport it was the emigrants from Europe that brought this sport to Canada. Karl and Margaret helped found in the early days the
coaches in Canada, many of whom are making themselves known not only as coaches but also as administrators at the Provincial and National level. U.B.C. and Queens are among the universities whose forward-looking employment policies in this sport will doubtless soon pay dividends in national and international student competition . Compulsory Routines (Men) 1970-1972 Accompanying this newsletter is the text of the C.I.G .C.A. compulsory routines, drawn up for possible use at the March 1971 C.I.G.c.A. National Championships and, certainly, for use during the 1971-72 academic year. The purpose of these routines is basically twofold: (1) To discipline intercollegiate Gymnasts aspiring to F.I.S.U. World Student Games competition to the rigors of full competition and' to the demands on time and energy involved in perfecting such routines .
C.I.G.C.A. National Championships (Men and Women) York University, March 6th Arrangements are already in progress to make this the best-ever National Intercollegiate Meet; no mean task in view of the successes of 1969 and 1970. Doubtless Tom Zivic and Carol-Anne Letheren w ill have up to the minute pre-meet bulletins out in the not too distant future to keep all coaches posted on arrangements, rules etc. National T.V. Coverage will, as at Edmonton, do much to promote our sport and this Association . Changes of Address - New Personnel Please advise me on above changesal so ask around to see that fellow coaches at the Collegiate level are on our mailing list. C.I.G.C.A. Crest To date only one design has been submitted (in two variations) for a C.I.G.C.A. crest. There must be coaches or their gymnasts with an artistic bent who can equal or beat this. justice cannot be done (on stencils) to the se designs but at least you can picture the concept. For the present we will receive all designs and the choice of a C.I.G.C.A. crest will be made at the March A.G.M . A s envisaged, the crest will be made available to all coaches, and to all gymnasts competing at the C.I.G .C.A. Nationals. Gymnasts who compete at the World Student Games will have suitable endorsements under the crest ego " TORINO -1970." The purpose of the crest is to foster unity and to provide our top gymnasts with identifiable badges for competitions. The present submissions are intended for a blue or navy blazer (as yet to be decided) with words and maple-leaf in scarlet outlined with silver wire and figures outlined in silver wire.
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NATIONAL BIGB SCBOOL NEWS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL GYMNASTIC COACHES ASSOCIATION
By the Seat of Your Pants! Bill Ballester, President NHSGCA and Nationally and Internationally Certified Judge Ever since gymnasts began competing against one another, there has always been a need to evaluate their performances to determine the winners. Methods of evaluation have varied almost as much as the performances of the gym'nasts themselves. In every Sokol or Turnverein there were the older gymnasts who had their own method of evaluation-many times closely guarded, many times unknown to even themselves. One popular method of scoring was for four or five elders to group around a table and discuss each routine over a stein of beer! With the inception of international competition, however, there became a need for standardization, for an 8.5 routine to be an 8.S routine everywhere in the world. As a result, the Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) has compiled and distributed our gymnastics "B ibl e" of rul es that is internationally accepted. The FIG Rule Book is certainly a work of dedication; its flaws for the most part are found only within the interpretation of the reader. It has helped to solve the problem of national and international standards of judging; however, it has not completely filled a much needed method for the less knowledgeable (but interested) judge to evaluate the routine of a novice gymnast. Recently I was asked to conduct a sixhour course on judging gymnastics. The group of men involved in the class were junior high and high school coaches, and interested people who wanted to become judges. Th e majority of these men had not been co mpetitive gymnasts, and none had received a background in FIG judging. After approximately twenty minutes, during which time I was presenting just the basic principles of judging, I was asked, " What are A-B-C moves? " This question stunned me! The question was not to give an A or B or C value to a particular move, but just to explain what an A, B, or C move actually was! I then asked if this question was also a concern to others; the majority responded yes. THE PROBLEM : The entire FIG Rules Book is based on th e ability to recognize ABC moves and their combinations. Without this ability, FIG rules are almost meaningless. These men then informed me that they would be judging within the next month! It became quite clear that I must attempt to give them some method to evaluate routin es, espec;ially routines of very low value. The
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following evo lved: Seat of Your Pants Judging! For Whom? Those who do not have a knowledge of ABC moves and must judge. Objective: To deve lop a method of eva luating gymnastics routines.
Basic Range of Scores 0- 2.0 1.5 m ed ium sco re The routine does not have any difficult moves and is done with poor form , lack of rh yt hm , and many interruptions. 1.5 - 3.0
2.5 medium score The routine appears easy, but is done with rhythm , fluid movement, few form breaks and less sit-downs and stops.
2.5 - 4.5
3.5 medium score The routine is easy with a few harder moves done very wellsmooth movement, good form, and no sits or stops. or The routine has a majority of medium-difficulty moves. It looks fairly hard, but execution is poor, rhythm is bad, and stops are pronounced.
4.0 - 6.0
5.0 medium score The routine is of medium difficulty, done rather well, with form, rhythm, and few stops. or The routine is mainly of medium difficulty with a few difficult moves, but is done poorly with poor form, lack of rhythm, and has stops or interruptions. or The routine cons.ists of less difficult move s mixed with medium difficulty, done exceptionally well with good form, has rhythm, and is flowing.
5.5 - 7.5
6.5 m ed ium score The routine is of medium difficulty done extremely well with good form, good rhythm , and no stops. or The routine is basically of medium difficulty moves in addition to a few highly difficult moves done with fair form and fairly fluid movements.
7.0 - 9.0
8.0 m ed ium score The routin e is done with good leg form, very little show of effort and continues to move throughout. The majority of moves appear to be very difficult. or The routine co nsists of high difficulty, good movement, with a break or interruptions, stops or sits.
8.5 - 10.0
9.0 medium score The routine begins and continues throughout with top body
control and fluidness ... a routine that makes you think wow! with no flaws other than small toe breaks. Th e c lass then judged routines of varyin g values from .5 to 8.5 with the SOUP system while I judged FIG . The resultswith a sm all deviation of .5 either way, most of the judges and I were within range the majority of the ti me.
A Quick Look at Values 0-1.5, Poor; 1.5 - 2.5, Fair for beginners ; 2.5 - 4.5, Good score for Jr. high and high school frosh; 4.5 - 6.0, Very good frosh-soph high school score; 6.0 - 7.5, Good high school score for varsity; 7.58.5, Great high school score; good college score; 8.5 - Up, Top Gymnast. I recomme nded to the group that when two judges are scoring, they confer on the fi rst performance of the meet, and, if necessary, th e first performer on each event. To make scoring fairly consistent, I also suggested the judges have a conference if their scores deviated more than 1.0 if two judges, and .5 Jf four judges are used . This method of judging will make most certified judges cringe-as it does me ; howeve r, if a need exists, and it does, we must be prepared to meet that need rea l istically. If you are confronted with a similar problem to mine, try some of these ideas. Perhaps change the values, but give your judges some type of interim method of scoring and then provide courses in FIG to supplement th ei r knowledge. Give it a try! Good luck. Keep guessing. If you want any particulars, drop me a line for particulars at the University of Wisconsin-Parkside in Kenosha, Wisconsin .
MAINE Report by Jim Connolly A general picture of Maine gymnastics, past and present, and venture a few predictions for th e future. For six years the Maine Association for Health , Physical Education and Recreation has sponsored state wide gymnastics. Th e State is divided into three geographical divisions for area competition. Events include tumbling, plus the six Olympic events. Top six finalists in each area qualify for the State Finals held on March 29th. Top ten finalists score points on a first-11 , second 9, etc., basis . Team scoring th e highest total is tea m champion . Individual scoring the high est total is rated the State's Individual Champion . South Portland has won the six years of competition. The first year the championship was on an informal basis. The last five years there has been official competition with a State Champion team trophy and an Individu al Champion trophy. Until last year the Regional and State competition was the sum total of gymnastic competition in the State. Feeling that dual team competition was necessa ry to stimulate interest in the sport, and recog-
nlzln g that it was vita l that a corps of qualified gymnastic judges be train ed, the Main e Gy mn astic Coaches and Offic ials Association was formed. Drawing o n the experien ce of the Massachusetts Gymnast ic Coaches Assoc iation , and wit h the cooperatio n of George Jessup, pres id ent of th e group, the Maine organization was pa tterned close ly after th at of Massachusetts. A league was orga ni zed and d ual co mp etitio n was cond ucted. So uth Portland won the team cha mpi ons hip undefea ted. Biddeford, Aug usta, Watervill e, Geo rges Vall ey, and Oxford Hill s end ed in that order. Biddeford and A ugusta ti ed for second place. Rumfo rd has j oined the league thi s year. A number of schools, tho' not entered in the league, for reason s of dista nce mostly, h ave, none -th e- Iess, made good showin gs in th e Reg io nal s and State Finals. Presque Isle, Brewer, and Bangor are among them. Th e Maine Gy.mnast ic Coaches and Officials Associati o n elected th e following officers: James J. Connolly, South Portland, Pres id ent; Jam es MacKenzie, South Portland, Vice-president; Winthrop Houghto n, Bidd efo rd, Secretary; Cha rl es Merrill , Waterville, Trea surer. Th e Association took o n the challenge of preparing officials. Conductin g regu lar m eet in gs over the past two wi nters, a small but ab le g roup of j ud ges has bee n trai ned -m en dedi cated to gymnastics. Unfortunately, man y pote ntia l officia ls, unable or un willi ng to d evote th e tim e to meetings and study did not stay w ith the co urse. H owever, we d o have eno ugh trained offic ial s so it won ' t be necessary n ow to recru it Massachusetts officia ls for o ur competition. We are very grateful to the Massachu setts officials for all their help. We have adop ted the Massachusetts Officials Association fee scale and it was accepted by 路th e State Principal ' s Association. This Association has also sa nct ioned our League co mpetition and offered a c ham p io nsh ip trophy. Compa rin g Maine's progress in gymnastics wi th other areas of the co untry is difficult. We h ave most certainly imp rove d greatly ove r th e seve n yea rs we have co nducted co mpet iti on. We have developed some good so lid individu al gymn asts. For examp le, a t ea m selected from th e top performers in last year's State Fin als co uld probably co mpare favorably with Massachusetts or ot her, more adva nced states. Tea m balance is usu all y another matter. Since a boy in Maine is introd uced to gy mnastics in hi s so phomore year, team depth is usually lacking. Th e biggest problem for al l schoo ls is difficulty in securing practice tim e. Gyms are monopolized by basketball and other sports. Gymnastics, having a low priority, mu st sc ramb le to catch practice tim e whe n and where th ey ca n. Then, to o, there is a dearth of trained gym nast ic coac hes. All of us w ho coach league teams are Ph ys ica l Education people w ith no gymn astic backgrounds. Most of us are more football or bask etball o ri ented than gym nast ics, but be ca use of a genuin e
interest in the sport, have availed o urse lves of th e c lin ics and other so urces to pick up what we co ul d to do ju stice to the sport. Except that we retain tumblin g, we co nduct o ur co mpetition by F. I. G. rul es . We do not have trampol ine or any special eve nt ot her th an tumb l ing, and th e se ntiment now is mi xe d-l ea ns toward elimin ating tumbling nex t yea r. Average size of squads is about fourteen. As m entioned before, we have league co mpetition , with a champion d ec id ed o n perce ntage over th e season. This compet itio n is sponso red by th e Main e Gym nast ic Coaches and Officia ls Associat ion , wit h th e sanctio n of th e Stat e Prin ci pal s' Associat io n. Th e Regional and State Final s are con ducted by th e M ain e Associat ion for H ea lt h, Ph ysica l Edu ca ti o n and Recreation -Fred D o uglas, consultant. We do not co nd uct A ll-A ro un d. In the State Fin als, the ind ivid ual sco rin g th e mo st po ints is awarded a trophy for o ut sta nding indiv idua l gymnast. As to how many me n compete in an event, we have adopted m ost all of M assachu setts rul es, etc. We enter fou r boys in an eve nt, three top sco rers of each team co unt. We do not enter an all arou nd , as do Massachusetts t ea m s. As to th e future of gym na stics in M ain e, it is overly op tim istic to expect that th e next few yea rs wil l bring a trem endo us upsurge of interest am ong pa rti c ipa nts or specta tors. We are m aking progress, and p eop le are becom in g m ore aware of the sport. Let's see w hat thi s yea r bri ngs!
Gymnastics in Montana As I See It H al Halvorso n Coach Flath ead Hi gh Kalispell , Montana As Billings West Coac h, Tom Lu x, m entioned in th e A ug.-Sept. Mod ern Gymnast, gymnastics in Montana has been transformed from an exhi bit ion activity to a co mpetitive spo rt in some schools. Thi s is the third year it has b een officiall y recogni zed as a hi gh schoo l sport. Poc kets of gymnasti cs activities h ave been going for the past ten yea rs o r so, however. Eastern Montana Co ll ege in Billings has probably done the m ost to get the sport off the ground . Former Eastern Coach, Phil Levi, Kalispell ' s Jack Foust, Eastern 's P.E . Directo r, Dr. Alterow itz, and anoth er fo rm er Eastern Coach , Frank Hail and, are a few of the nam es that co m e to my mind . Phil Levi pushed for the adoptio n of the U.S.G.F. work book ro utines, w hich for th e last seve ral yea rs have served as th e states ' co mpuls o ri es . One of the biggest h elps th e co mpulso ri es have give n, has been to g ive many inexpe ri enced co aches somethin g to work on. The six Olympic events for th e men and four for th e women are used in the m eets. Occasionally special events such as trampoline and tumbl i ng are in co rpora ted into th e meets at the coaches discretion . Beca use of the si ze of the state, however, most meets are large invitationals and iust
ge ttin g through the Olympic events is a good sized chore. Some of the schools make exte nsive use of th e trampoline as a teaching aid and showp iece for se llin g their p rograms w hil e others are not eve n all owed trampo lin es in th eir gy mn as ium s. At the present time women's gym nas ti cs is severa l years ah ead of the m en's . Th e m ain reason being that there are less activities for gi rls to turn to, and enti ci n g potential female "athletes" into th e gym is eas ier t han attracting potential male " athletes." Probably th e m ost active schoo ls gymn astica ll y are Great Fall s, Billin gs, and Kali spe ll. Prese ntl y, th ere are about six schoo l s that can field a full m en's team, and about a dozen with a full g irl 's team . Th e co m petitive seaso n touch es December and finishes up w ith the Divisional m eets, Feb ru ary 20, and the Sta te M ee t, March 5 and 6. Beside s th e uni ve rsal problems of few coac hes and few judges, th e size of the state is a tremendous obstacle. Two and three hundred mil e trips by ca r or b us are co mm o nplace. Thi s year as a result of this and th e in c rease in participants the state has been geographi ca lly divided into Eastern and Western Di vis ions. Anot her major problem is a lack of support from th e University Syste m. Eastern M o ntan a College in Billings is th e o nl y co ll ege offering both a co m pet iti ve m en' s and women's program. Several of the other schoo ls do offe r a " limited" women 's program . In most cases, howeve r, they are not as far along as th e high schools. Many athl etes are discouraged and ste ered away from gy mnast ics as a res ult. Many of th ese problems are being ove rcome-mainly by taking the gy mnastics to th e people. My own goal in Kalisp ell has been to ma ke " GYMNASTICS" a ho usehold word. W e have had Saturday programs, summer programs, parade floats, picnics, show bits, parti es, and halftim es. Rath er than fee lin g threatene d the "established sports" are rea li z ing the value of gymnastic activities as an athlete deve fo per rather than a " mickey m o use" activity usin g up potential athletes. Please find my $10.00 annual membership dues to the National High School Gymnastic Coaches Association enclosed and include my name and high school on the NHSGCA roster w ith all the priv i leges granted thereof.
Coach :_ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __
High School: Address: _
_ __ __ _ __
NHSGCA POST OFFI CE BO X 110, SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA 90406
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California Winter G IDnasties C Inie
Bet:keley~
CalIf• Report by jerry Wright
To begin with, the California Winter Gymnastics Clinic was divided into two clinics this year. The men's clinic was held at U.c. Berkeley and the Women's clinic was held at Sacramento State College. The men 's clinic had some 251 registrants and these were divided into 7 groups according to all around ability. Th e major part of the instruction was compulsory oriented with a student assigned a compulsory routine commensurate with his ability in a particular event. Com pulsory exe rcises included those from the USGF age group work book, the junior Olympic compulsories and the 1972 Olympic compulsories.
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nasts who were used as assistant instructors. Unfortunately the majority of these people were \mdependabl e, unreliable and inefficient. Causing the instructional part of the program to suffer somewhat more than necessary. There was one competition and that was on the first day and was an invitational meet. The performances were not great but many were quite good for the early season. By and large the clinic was considered a success by most of those in attendance. Comments on the use of compulsories were largel y favorable with most people suggesting they be retai ned but that they be used in conjunction with optional work. It is anticipated that there might well be some significant changes for the next clinic. Clinic director Hal Frey invites suggestions from anyone who atte nded the clinic that might improve the clinic and allow the participants to get even more out of the clinic. Th e highlight of the clinic was probably the four master clinics given by Mr. Masi yuki Watanabe (on the SH, SR, PB and HB). An inspirational gymnast and an inspired teacher. All Around 1. George Greenfield - 52 .10; 2. Roger Haldeman - 47.25; 3. joe Sweeney - 46.50; 4. Barney Peters - 46.32; 5. jim jennings43 .05. Floor Exercise 1. G. Greenfield - 9.1; 2. D. Hills - 8.75; 2. Dale Fege - 8.75. Side Horse 1. Todd Chisum - 8.45; 1. G. Greenfie ld - 8.45; 3. john Regan - 8.4.
Photos by Bob Smith
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Still Rings 1. Maurice Williams - 8.75 ; 1. Roger Haldeman - 8.75; 1. George Engbrecht8.75. Long Horse 1. Jim Turpin - 9.3; 2. Dan Bowles9.15 ; 3. Roger Haldeman - 8.55 ; 3. Joe Sweeney - 8.55 . Parallel Bars 1. G. Greenfield - 9.05; 2. Sergio Luna8.8; 3. Barney Peters - 8.75. High Bar 1. G. Greenfield - 9.2; 2. Dan Bowles9.0; 3. Joe Sweeney - 8.8.
Special Report by Steve Lerner PREFACE The following is a " report" on the Berkeley Clinic. I used the word report in quotes because this article is an ything but an objective, factual presentation . It contains a large degree of editorializing which reflects my own feelings and prejudices as a trampolinist. In fact, it seems to me upon re- reading what I have written , that r used the Berkeley Clinic merely as a device to vent my own thoughts on the nature of gymnastics. So be it. For those who wi sh to find out more information on the clinic per se, I solicit your attendance at the Un iversity of California next Christmas. I went to the Berkeley Clinic this year with a certain amount of skepticism about how successful the whole proceeding would be. My own personal experience in participation in things of this sort has left me with the feeling that something was lacking-maybe the quality of instruction wasn't quite what I expected; perhaps there wasn't enough "free-time"; etc. Maybe these impressions were purely subjective-anyway, I went to UC to check out my personal views towards clinics. I left with many opinions other than my own, mostly pro and a few con, about .this clinic and the purpose of any clinic, 'in general. I interviewed several coaches and instructors, asking them all what the purpose of th e clinic was and to afterwards add any personal observations, criticism and comments. I injected my personal bias by inviting specific comments on the future of the trampoline and whether it has any relevance for gymnastics. I. Purpose of the Gymnastics Clinic All of the instructors and/or coaches that I talked to believed that the primary purpose was dissemination of information on a mass scale. With this in mind, there arise some- imPlications, some obvious, others not quite so. First, the fact that the individual is, ipso facto of secondary importance, means that he is not going to get much direct supervision , but will have to be satisfied with absorbing the proper technique rather than physically mastering any given point. This was a major gripe by many gymnasts. There was simply not enough (free) time
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ZWICKEL Gymnastic Tailors
P.O. Box 309 Jenkintown, Pa. 19046
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to try and apply what was taught. To this end, Dan Millman (Coach - Stanford University) suggested that along with the regular setup, with coaches instructing everyone all of the time, that there be apparatus set up for those who are best able to motivate themselves without the presence of an instructor. A gymnast, if he so desired, could, after listening to what he thought suited him, work out in an atmosphere more conducive to his particular style of training. Of course, he would be free to return and maybe pick up some more bits and pieces of information when he so desired. The second point is that the information disseminated should be correct technique. Herein lay the source for another complaint, i. e., that some of the instructors were inconsistent in what they said and often at odds with each other. My own feeling in this regard is that all those who are to act as instructors (at least at the official level) should meet together prior to the start of the clinic and make sure that all that can be made uniform and consistent with regard to teaching be done so, so that when the participants arrive , all of the signals will be the same. Extending this point a bit further, it seems that there ought to be a clinic for coaches and instructors prior to the regular clinic. Not all coaches can coach but at the very least they should have a command of what is correct insofar as technique is concerned . Of course, being knowledgeable in the mechanical aspects of gymnastics in no way guarantees success as a coach. The other side of the coin is getting that information inside each gymnast's head . A coach who can do both is sure to be a winner; one who just knows mechanics but is nothing special as a judge of individual aspirations and desires, will be mediocre; and the coach who is weak in both areas (or even just the former), well .... Thirdly,it was stated by several people that due to the unavailability of individual instruction that the gymnast had to learn how to do stunts by watching others. This method of gathering information has been too lightly stressed in my judgment and this explains why little free time is allotted for clinic workouts (except for lunch and after a full day' s instruction. Every try working out on your own after spending an entire day doing what others have told you to do?). Many gymnasts, no matter how many times you tell them the correct way to do things, still cannot master a move until they see it done. Also, a gymn.ast who resists verbal instructions because he may have an independent mind or just because he' s a smart-ass-know-itall, may benefit only from a relaxed, 11.011.supervised work out. These people must not be written off or ignored, a) because they have a right to pursue gymnastics as a sport and b) because the sport needs all the interested people it can attract. II. Organization To a man , all of the instructors thought that the organization of the clinic and the quality of instruction was good as could
be had, although some of the participants expressed con trary opinions. Classes continued all day with special instruction for the el ite gymnasts. Along with the conventional instruction there was a series of lectu res given by Masayuki Watenabe on side horse, parallel bars, horizontal bar, and still rings, with Dan Millman covering long horse, free exercise, and trampoline. This was, by and large, an excellent opportunity for learning the correct mechanical techniques on the six Olympic events. (Hal Frey, coach at the University of California and director of the clinic, decried the dearth of coaches in attendance and pointed out, " . . . it was a sad situation .") In addition, Dan pointed out how the trampoline could be incorporated as a teaching device for the other events. As stated before, though, some of the participants thought the instruction was not up to par. However, this was a function of the number of participants enrolled in the clinic, and a too small number of instructors to go around. Considering the fact that it takes more money than could be raised by the registration fees to recruit instructors, not much could be done within the prevailing setup. The only possible way to decrease the student-instructor ratio would be to not require that everyone work in a class situation, thus freeing those instructors to work with those who really desired their advice. (See second paragraph of point 2 in part I for details). III. Trampoline While everyone seemed to praised the merits of the trampoline as a teaching device, it was pr(marily given lip service as a legitimate part of gymnastics. While people made a point of saying that " .. . a trampolinist works very hard ." or that " ... trampolinists are gymnasts, tumblers are gymnasts . . . " , it was the prevailing thought that the trampoline event is not gymnastics in the. same sense as the other six events. This is true only in the de jure sense of the word. It is my contention that trampoline will never become a training device (though many coaches are quick to heap praise all. its potential role as one) until it is recognized as a legitimate event on par with the other six. How can a coach use the tramp as a trai"ning device when he knows nothing about it? And he knows nothing because he is too busy training 20 team-members all. the six events -he simply cannot afford the time to coach trampoline because it doesn't show up directly in the team score. Of course, this is assuming that the school even has a tramp-after all , why budget money for equipment that the team won ' t even be competing on? I won ' t make any formal suggestions here, but it seems to me that trampoline has a place, not only as a teaching device but in competitive gymnastics as well, from junior high, high school, up to college level competition. It is probably farfetched to push for any tie-in with gymnastics at the international level in the near future but this too is a goal that should be strived for.
The Clinic featured these outstanding instructors: L to R, front row-Bob Bollinger, Rockford; Rick Kinsman, Barrie, Ont., Canada; Beverly Shuga, Rockford; Earle Duggan, Des Moines; Rosemary Umenhofer, Rockford; Barbara Thorton, Chicago; N,ewt Loken, Ann Arbor; and Beverly Avert, Austin, Texas, Back row-George Nissen, Cedar Rapids; Ron Munn, Columbus, Ohio; Ed Cole, Ann Arbor; Dave Salois, Rockford; Dave Ransom, Memphis; Janice Johnson, Bloomington, Illinois; Jeff Austin, Northlake, Illinois and Wayne Miller, Lafayette, Louisiana..
In an effort to fill the vacuum left by the recent NCAA decision to abandon the Trampoline from gymnastic competition, an interested group of top Trampoline performers, coaches, teachers , and enthusiasts concerned about continuing Trampolining as a sport met in Cedar Rapids, Iowa on December 27-30, 1970 for the First National Trampoline Clinic. About 100 youngsters were divided by age and ability and exposed to some of the finest Trampoline instructors in the nation, After four days of instruction, a special Griswold-Nissen Cup competition was held in Trampolining, Synchronized Trampolining, Tumbling, Spaceball and a new innovation, Trampoline Track. Wayne Miller (present World Trampoline Champion) presented an official judging course in Trampolining, and Bob Bollinger offered an official instructors course for a Master Teacher's Certificate.
This type of clinic was a first for the sport of Trampolining, since in the past Trampolining has always been an added attraction to gymnastic clinics. Everyone's time and effort was devoted entirely to Trampolining therefore a great deal was accomplished. Plans are already being made for next year's Clinic which will be directed by the National Clinic Chairman, Jeff Hennessy. During the four day clinic the first organizational meeting of the new United States Trampoline Association took place at which time officers for the 1971 year were elected and a general format discussed. Jeff Austin (National A.A.U. Trampoline Champion and Triton College Gymnastic Coach) was elected President. Dr. Newt Loken (University of Michigan) was elected Vice President with Ronnie Munn (National A.A.U. Trampoline Champion) as Secretary-Treasurer. Along with the executive officers the
following Committees were set up to carry out the future plans of the United States Trampolin e Association: Technical Committee: Bob Bollinger, Chairman; Barbara Thornton , Wayne Miller, Ken Marlin , Executive Officers. Judges Certification Committee: Wayne Miller, Chairman. Instructors Certification Committee: Bob Bollinger, Chairman . Public Relations Committee: Ron Munn, Chairman; Rick Kinsman, Jeff Hennessy, Adli Rousdi, Committee: Milton Davis, Research Chairman; Dave ' Ransom, Fred Webster, George Nissen, Dave Salois , Finance Committee: Bob Bevenour, Chairman; jeff Austin, Ron Munn, Francis Kaufman . National Clinic Committee: jeff Hennessy, Chairman; Earle Duggan, Adli Rousdi , Barbara Thornton, Beverly Averyt, Troy Kauffman, Nancy Smith Blegan , and all other Committee Chairmen. Historian Committee: Larry Griswold , Chairman; George Nissen, Bob Bollinger, jack Kaplan, Newt Loken. Nominating Committee: jeff Austin, Chairman. Awards Committee: George Nissen , Chairman; Newt Loken . Everyone present at the meeting felt that it's time for organization and ae'tion when it comes to Trampolining. At present the European countries, along with japan , South Africa and Australia, are quickly approaching our level of ability in the sport, and are starting to push for its acceptance in future Olympic Games. It' s evident that the United States could capture gold, silver and bronze medals if Trampolining were in the Olympics now, but we must make certain that when it does become an Olympic event we are still capable of being the best in the World. There are thousands of young boys and girls interested in Trampolining here in the United States . What is needed is organization to help them along. Through the help and support of its members, th e ultimate and primary objective of the U.S.T.A. is to offer this organization, thereby promoting and improving the sport of Trampolining in the United States. Arrangements are already being made for the first Open United States Trampoline Association Championships which will take place May 1, 1971 at New Trier West High School, Northfield, Illinois. A regular newsletter featuring up-todate items on age group, high school, college and club competition will be provided to members of the U.S.T.A. Thi s newslette r will contain information pertaining to all competitions, clinics and other functions conducted by the Association. Membership in the Association will also entitle the hold er to compete in all U.S .T.A, Championships, Yearly membership dues are $5.00 for Senior Members (No n Competitors) and $2.00 for junior Members (Com petitors). For further information contact: Ronni e Munn, U.S.T.A., 5056 Brewster Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43227.
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HAIR!
James A. Petrino Gymnastics Coach A. D . Eisenhower High School Norristown, Pa. As a high school gymnastics coach , I have run into a problem with the appearance of my gymnasts in regards to hair! I have given much thought to this situation and I have come to the following conclusion: High school gymnasts should not have long hair! I agree with the recent court decisions regarding dress code and hair of students in school, namely, that they, the students, have the right to express themselves as they please by way of their appearance . In regards to athletic teams, however, I believe we have a different situation. In the last few years the courts have passed down controversial decisions in regards to the right of athletes to have long hair. In on e decision involving a tennis player who
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was removed from th e team because of long hair, the courts said that he must be reinstated on that team . In another decision in Ohio, the courts upheld the coach's suspension of an athlete saying that participation on an athletic team is a privilege, and if the athletes wish to remain on that team, they must follow the rules set up by the coach. One purpose of athletic teams is to d evelop discipline and self control. If they cannot abide by certain rules set up for the team, they cannot and will not be of value to that team! In regards to gymn astics, the argument against long hair is even more well established. Some people may argue that long hair will not hamper an athlete in certain sports, but this cannot be said about gym-
nastics. Gymnastics is most certainly an esthetic sport. The more grace and beauty with which you perform a routine the higher you will score. The physical appearance of a gymnast most certainly adds or detracts from the beauty of a routine . Long hair flopping around while doing handstands or iJgiant swings is not esthetically appealing, and I would venture to say, that the judges' scores are affected by this. Because of this subjective judging and because beauty plays a prominent role in gymnastics, I believe that gymnasts should have short hO a ir. I know the question that most of you will ask is : " What is short hair and what is long hair? " This, my fellow coaches, is up to youo
Let's say you ' re a gymnast who wants to learn gymnastics . . . . Let's say you want to learn tricks-not a few, but many; not " Mickey Mouse" moves, but HAIRY ones. Let's say you want to learn to flip and twist. How about if you want to try to overhaul that tight swing, and learn路 to do it right. What if you want to raise your potential from an eventual 9.2 in two events to a 9.4 in every event? Can you do it at school? Maybe, with an enthusiastic coach and good program . But 01 ' coach is under a great deal of pressure. He sometimes has to work with not ten, not twenty, but th i rty or more gymnasts. He's pressured to get you ready
The camp offers not only intense gymnastics under the instruction of internationally known American and Japanese instructors, but many oth er recreational activities such as voll eyball , swimming, diving, archery ... and is centered around such visual arts as still photography (compete with dark rooms) , pottery, and figure drawing. The Camp is orga nized for individual student needs. There are two five-week sessions, but it's also possible for a student to apply for one, two, three, or four weeks if he or she can't afford the entire camp. Designed for boys and girls, ages eight to eighteen, Camp Woodward will be as diversified as its campers.
I. Introduction to Camp Woodward (entire camp) A. Small talk sessions: We raise questions and encourage campers to ask(depending upon age and interest) -What does gymnastics mean to me? -Why do I pursue gymnastics? -Am I working enough? Am I working too hard? -Could I work more effectively? -Do I really enjoy gymnastics? -How does gymnastics relate to my other endeavors (like schoolwork - what can I learn from gymnastics to help me in other fields) . -How good do I really want to get? -What are my long term and short term goals? (Is my effort realistic in terms of my goals?) II. Motivation -Demonstrations by experts -Films of Olympics and World Games, men and women. Testimonials by champions: " How I learned - how long it took - we all start at the beginning - how you can do it too. III. Master Clinics and Practice of Principles 1. What is Talent? (Strength, suppleness, speed) a. Explanation of strength-relaxation, how to use. b. How you can develop your talent. 2. How to learn gymnastics efficiently. 3. How to flip - the trampoline for everyone. 4. Fundamental body positions - related to strength and suppleness.
GYMNASTICS CAMP! to do consistent routines in a competitive season . It's difficult to find -the time to work basics, strength, suppleness, perfecting parts . . . especially since you probably aren't allowed W use the gym until the "official season'.' begins. The place to "get it all together" is the gymnastics camp. It doesn't have to be an official camp - if you can't afford to go to a camp for five weeks, try to go for one. If you can ' t afford that, try to work your way through. If that's impossible, then get together with a few friends and make your own camp. All it takes is a few pieces of apparatus and intense gymnastics for several hours a day, without immediate need to compete. What I'd like to describe is what may be an ideal gym camp. It's a real place, in Woodward , Pennsylvania. Through this description , maybe you can get an idea of the possibilities for growth. Camp Woodward is located in the lush, rolling farmlands of Pennsylvania, free from noise, hustle bustle, but abundant in fresh ai r and clear skies.
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DANJ. MILLMAN Gymnastics Coach Stanford University
A great deal of time, money, and energy went into the facilities. Students will have only a few room-rates in individual apartment units . Training facilities will be located indoors and outdoors . .. complete training facilities, including pit (ground level) trampolines in a grassy meadow, free exercise mat, many sets of each apparatus, and most important, plenty of highly qualified instructors. What else does a camp need? Plenty. It needs a philosophy, a direction, a definite set of goals. At Woodward, students will have the opportunity to undergo a miniplan of "five year training." It is the belief of the Program Directors, (this writer being one), that gymnastics cannot be learned quickly. With speed we sometimes compromise the potential of the gymnast. (Or, as one gymnast once said, " There's one good thing about having a low potential ... you can reach it quickly.") The organization of the gymnastics portion of camp is based on many levels, going from general to specific :
5. The fundamentals of swing. 6. Basic movements, basic routines. 7. Current Jr. Olympic and advanced compulsories, all levels. 8. Creativity and optional movements. 9. Master clinic on each apparatus, men's and women's. IV. The last stage of camp is very individualized training, preparing the individual in any way he or she desires, whether that's big tricks, basic swing, endurance work, or just play. The instructors and counselors will be highly trained . Not only do they have year's of experience, but they will be meeting a week before camp begins, discussing and analyzing the latest techniques for men and women . Your instructors enjoy teaching, and will be working with you rather than " over" you or " on" you . They will be friends and helpers (rather than bosses.) Each student will be able to "qualify" new moves on a specially designed point chart. Prizes for every hundred points qualified! Camp Woodward will even have a library and reading list for students who are interested in studying more about how gymnastics can relate to their individual growth as a human being. Beauty has been defined as " Unity in Variety." In offering the camper a great variety of choices - in the length of camp, in activities and depth of involvement, we hope to make Woodward a truly beautiful experience.
The Infernal Spotting Machine 1984 Robert B. Davis Gymnastic Coach La Serna High School
At last it was here, and was it ever slick-in the school colors naturally. It sat there gleaming in the light from the ceiling of the gym. I sl ipped into the operator's seat, turned the key, and the 14 H.P. electric motor emitted a powerful hum. I had read the operator's manual and
I recognized all the dials, buttons, levers, wh eels, and foot pedals as I scanned over the controls. Just the right thing for Pseudo-Gymnastics. I switched on the revolv ing red beacon which indicated the Acme Spotter was on and ready to go. I raised the boom and gave it two feet of extension , tilted the top board, rolled the machin e forward for a few feet, and wheeled it around in a V. turn-it handled beautifully. Two of my pseudo-gymnasts had come into the gym and were really getting excited. "Wow, Coach, let me try it! " shouted Finster. " Well, get into the harness," I commanded . Gunther and Finster began getting Finster buckled in. " Make sure all of the buckles are tight," I said . " How about a quad back?" I asked. "Right on, Coach! " ye lled Finster. I switched on the loudspeaker. " O.K. Go for it!" boomed the speaker. Up went Finster spinning madly-up to the rafters where he dropped out and landed lightly on his feet, all without the slightest effort. " Now a quint-back Coach!" screamed Finster enthusiastically. And so it went all afternoon with all of the kids getting to try it. " Well worth the $3000 bucks," I thought as I drove home while the sun sank in the smog. I pulled up, turned the key off and reached into the back se at of my car to get my gas mask. "It's too bad that sports have been abolished as unhealthy. I might have even been able to teach them something."
mu~ 21
RESEARCH AND FITNESS IN GYMNASTICS By James S. Bosco , Ph.D. San Jose State College San Jose . California 95114
A Comparative Study to Determine the Relationship Between Range of Movement At the Elbow Joint and Success in Selected Skills In Gymnastics By Chic Johnson , Gymnastics Coach Southwest Missouri State College Ed.D. Dissertation , University of Utah, 1969
INTRODUCTION In the sport of gymnastics specifically, the elbow joint is a critical area due to the numerous times the performer is required to be in the hand support position, both regular and inverted . If one were to apply simple laws of leverage and balance, it would logically be assumed that for max imum bal~nce and stability the elbow joint should be fully extended when the body is in the support position. That is frequently not the case in practical application with human performers, and this subject requires scientific investigation prior to ascertaining or assigning any positive relationship between success in sport skills and range of motion at the elbow joint.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine if increased range of motion at the elbow joint produced any appreciable difference in one's performance during the execution of selected gymnastics skills. Specifically: 1. To determine to what extent extremes in range of motion, involving flexion or hypertension, proves advantageous or detrimental in acquiring success in selected gymnastic skills . 2. Ascertaining whether three selected exercises, one of stretch, one involving support, and one weighted exercise, using the principle of dynamic resistance over a five-week experimental period would be sufficient to make an appreciable difference in developing a greater range of motion at the elbow joint. 3. Determining whether the period of time spent in developing greater range of motion at the elbow joint is warranted i n terms of accomplishment in the execution of the selected gymnastic ski lis.
PROCEDURES Subjects used in this study were male college students enrolled in gymnastics classes at the University of Utah . The control group consisted of 22 students and the experimental group had 24 students.
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to determine the degree of extension at the elbow joint. X-rays were taken of five volunteer subjects and comparisons made with th e goniometer readings in an effort to determine their accuracy. A pretest was administered with a panel of judges evaluating the subjects' performance. At th e conclusion of the five-week experimental period, during which time the subjects in the control and expe rimental groups performed the selected gymnastic skills three times each day, th e subjects were again evaluated on these skills by the same panel of judges . The experimental group, in addition to the gymnastic skills, executed three repetitions of each of the elbow extension exercises during the experimental period. The variables used in the study consisted of three selected gymnastic skills, all requiring strong support from the arms, plus three elbow extension exercises specifically developed for this study. The gymnastic skills included a handstand on the low parallel bars, support swing on regulation parallel bars, and a single leg circle on the sidehorse. The elbow extension exercises encompassed elements of stretch , support, and weighted resistance with all of th e exercises being performed statically as opposed to ballistic-type exercising. The goniometer was the instrument used
Elbow Extension Exercises 1. Stretch exercise: The subject grasped a piece of rubb er tubing b ehind his back with both hands in the supinated position. The rubber tubing was stretched laterally by both arms as far as possible and held in that position for 10 seconds. 2. Support exercise: The subject assumed a front-leaning-rest position and gradually slid his hands out to the side, or at right angles to the
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body. The performer reached the point of slight discomfort and held that position for 10 seconds. 3. Weighted exercise (pa rtnered): The performer extended h is arms across the sidehorse, resting th e back of the elbow on the horse with his hands in a supinated position. The partner grasped the performer's wrists and pressed downward unti I the performer indicated the position of slight discomfort. This position was then maintained for 30 seconds. Elbow Flexion Elbow flexion describes that position in which the elbow joint lacks sufficient range of motion to reach ze ro degrees, or the fully extended position. Normal range of flexion is from zero to 150 d eg rees. Flexion is the most natural motion at the elbow joint (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 1963). Elbow Extension Elbow extension describes that position in which the elbow joint is capable of being fully extended so that there is no perceptible degree of flexion or hypertension. This position is referred to as the ze ro starting point (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 1963). Elbow Hypertension Elbow hypertension describes th e elbow joint, in the extended position, when it goes beyond the zero starting point. Extreme hypertension may be measured up to 15 degrees (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 1963) . Range of Motion Range of motion refers to the total range of movement that is possible at the e lbow joint. Flexibility and range of motion will be used synonymously in this study. Goniometer A goniometer is an instrument for measuring angles. An apparatus used for measuring the limits of flexion and extension, especially in relation to the joints of the body. When the landmarks of an extremity are definite, the use of th e goniometer may be quite accurate (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 1963). ANALYSIS OF DATA
The data from the goniometer readings and gymnastic skills were collected and analyzed in an effort to test the hypothesis advanced for the study. A series of comparisons were made in order to eva luate the relationship between the experimental class utilizing the specifically design ed exercise program and the control class which did not participate in these exe rcises . Means and standard deviations were used to summarize the scores of the variable. Th e t test was applied to determine the significance of differences in means between the groups. RESULTS
Subjects in the control and experimental groups improved their range of motion
during the experimental period, indicating that the activity of gymnastics itself may contribute to greater extens ion at th e elbow joint. However, the mean improvement score for the contro l group was 1.50, go ing from a total of minus 10 degrees to a plus 23 degrees, while that of the experimental group was 3.75. Subjects in th e experimental' group went from a minus 30 degrees to a plus 60 degrees. These scores were also ranked and analyzed, and the resultant t of 3.947 was significant at the .001 level of confidence . This would indicate that the exercise program developed for the experimental group was instrumental in increasing substantiall y the rang e of motion at the elbow joint. The results achieved by the experimental group support adequately the feasibility of incorporating exerc ises specifically designed to increase ran ge of motion at the elbow joint in an effort to improve the skill development of subjects in gymnastic activities. DISCUSSION
harm for the participant while inhibiting the capac ity to move freely and effic ient ly in th e execution of athl etic skills. From the experiences derived from this st ud y and the statistical co nclusions drawn , a range of moti o n between zero degree exte nsion and five degrees hyperextension appears to be advantageous for the exec ution of gy mnastic skills providing there is stre ngth com m ens urate with the degree of range of motion . Stipulating how mu ch strength and how much exte nsion is optimally desirab le is very difficult at the present time , but it may be reasonable to state th at if any degree of full extension is lacking, th en fle xibility exercises should be emphasized and strength exercises sho uld be geared to th e development of musculature invo lved with extension rather than flexion . If hyperexte nsion is recognized , especiall y approaching or exceeding five degrees, then strength exe rcises concentrating on the flexor muscles should be programmed for the participant. One of th e finer methods for developing compatible relationships between strength and flexibility is advocated by Logan (1964) and is referred to as the lengthening - st rength ening principle. ,This concept applies when there is shortened connective tissue on one side of the joint and weakened muscles on the other. The performer should stretch the shortened structures and strengthen the opposite weakened muscles. What is being stretched by the flexibility exercises is the noncontracti Ie connective tissue while the strengthening exercises involve increasing the ability of the muscle fib~rs to exert force. Since muscles on opposite sides of joints work reciprocally with each other there must be relaxation of one musc'le while the other muscle is contracting. To stretch the shortened fascia and other connective tissue in an area, the muscles must relax to allow elongation of these structures to occur (Logan , 1964) . The fl ex ibility exercises d eve loped for use in this study appeared to be highly advantageous in increasing th e range of motion at the elbow joint. This was most emphatically revea led by a total in c rease of 90 degrees for the 24 students involved in the experimental group, or an average of 3 .77 degrees increase per student. As there was an increase of some 33 degrees or a .50 degree increase per student within the control group, it may also be assumed that gymnastic activities in themselves are beneficial in providing for greater extension of the arm at th e elbow joint. The time devoted to the selected flexibility exercises during each class period was approximately four and one-half minutes or about 67 minutes during a fivewee'k span of time. This would see m to indicate that the time devoted to flexibility exercises during the experimental period was worthwhile due to th e gai ns in flexibility and the greater degree of skill attained by subjects in the experim ental group.
The results of this study were considered with respect to range of motion at the elbow joint and success in selected gymnastics skills. The elbow joint was selected beca use m any movements in gymnastics are dependent on strong support points and excellent balance. Although empirically it seems reasonable to assume that good extension at the elbow joint is an advantageous thing to have, two aspects of our traditional approach to teaching and training programs have legislated against this idea. 1. Excess ive strength development: Frequently the participants, either in class or when in training for varsity athletic teams, have been provided strenuous programs geared to the development of strength. This particular quality is extremely important but it may be a definite handicap if it is acquired without comparable gains in range of motion at the same joints over which the muscular system is un"dergoing hypertrophy and increased development (Sills, Morehouse, and Delorme, 1962). The entire organism when involved in vigorous activity is ' dependent on rhythmical, coordinated, free - swinging movements which requires flexibility for maximum efficiency. 2. The incidence of injury: Although studies of sporting injuries have failed to reveal any link between range of motion and incidence of injury, it is often believed that restriction of range of motion is advantageous in the prevention of injuries. This expression may be severely challenged in that a greate r range of motion acts as a safety valve or cushion against any potential harm that might come to a joint structure (S ills, Morehouse, and Delorme, 1962). What is essential for maximum efficiency in movement and protection from injuries BIBLIOGRAPHY is a strong complementation of both strength and flexibility. Either one without American Academy of Orthopedic Surthe other will likely produce potential geons. Measuring and Recording Joint
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Motion. Everett, Massachusetts: G lenwood Press, 1963. Barnett, C. H., D. V. Davies, and M . A. MacConaill. Synovial Joints. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1961. Barnett, C. H., and D. Harding. " The Activity of Antagonistic Muscles During Voluntary Movement," Annals of Physical Medicine, 2:290-293 , 1956. Beetham, William J., Howard F. Polley, Charles H. Slocumb, and Walt F. Weaver. Physical Examination of the Joints. Philadelphia: W . B. Saunders Company, 1965. Broer, Marion R. Efficiency of Human Movement. Philadelphia: W . B. Saunders Company, 1960. Clarke, H. Harrison . The Application of Measurement to Health and Physical Education. Third printing. New York : Prentice-Hall , Inc., 1961. deVries, Herbert A. Physiology of Exercise for Physical Education and Athletics. Dubuque, Iowa : William C. Brown Company, 1966. Garrett, Hen ry E. Statistics in Psychology and Education. Fifth edition. New York : David McKay Company, Inc., 1965. Hoffman, Bob. Weight Training for Athletics. New York : Harper and Brothers, 1960. Hooks, Gene. Application of Weight Training to Athletics. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1962. Jokl , Ernest, and Peter Jokl. The Psychological Basis of Athletic Records. Springfield , . lllinoi s: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1968. Logan, Gene A. Adaptations of Muscular Activity. Belmont, Calif. : Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., 1964. Massey, Benjamin H., H. W. Freeman , F. R. Manson, and J. A. Wessel. The Kinesiology of Weight Lifting. Dubuque, Iowa : William C. Brown Company, 1959. Murray, James, and Peter Karpovich. Weight Training in Athletics. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice-Hall , Inc., 1956. Runyon, Richard , and Audrey Haber. Fundamentals of Behavioral Statistics. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison - Wesley Publishing Company, 1967. Scott, M . Gladys (ed.) . Research Methods in Health, Physical Education and Recreation. Sixth printing. Washington, D .C.: American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation , 1961. Sills, Frank, L. E. Morehouse, and T. L. Delorme (editorial committee). Weight Training in Sports and Physical Education. Washington, D.C. : American Asso ciation for Health , Physical Education and Recreation, 1962. Steinhaus, Arthur H. Toward an Understanding of Health and Physical Education. Dubuque, Iowa: William C. Brown Company, 1963. UNPUBLISHED MATERIAL Greey, George Wells. "A Study of the Flexibility in Five Selected Joints of Adult Males Ages 18 to 71 ." Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1955.
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Building And Using A Horizontal Bar Spotting Table by John Emre, coach, North Central High School, Indianapolis, Indiana There have been times in every gymnastic coach 's practice sessions when he has probably felt that the spotting belt was not adequate for teaching some of the horizontal bar skills now being used. Due to the nature of the spotting setup which often requires wrapping the rope around the bar, pulling at the right time to aid the gymnast can be impossible or often impractical. A better and an inexpensive method is available which can give the coach much more control over the learning situation than with a rope setup or by spotting by hand under the bar, catching whenever the gymnast misses. The horizontal bar. spotting table offers that opportunity. Described below is a procedure for building a very strong one and then some ways it can be used. BUILDING THE SPOTTING TABLE: There are probably many other ways to build such a spotting aid but with this particular design, weight is reduced and stability maintained while keeping the cost of materials under $10. Any school with an industrial arts department should be able to construct it or if you have access to a radial arm saw, you can make all of the required cuts. The only other power tool necessary is a %-inch drill. All the wood parts except the table top are made from pine which is available from any lumber supply company at prices ranging from $.50 to $1.25 for eight-feet lengths of 2 x 4's depending on when and where you get them . The table top can be Y2-inch plywood or a 1-inch pine board which often can be cut to the correct dimensions by the lumber supply company. Hardware necessary is 16 carriage bolts (3fs " x 2" ) with washers and nuts, 1 U-bolt (3/ 16" x 4'" with a 2-inch span), and several 10-penny and 6-penny nails. The first step is to cut to correct lengths the vertical and horizontal supports. From the 2 x 4 lumber cut four pieces that are 60 inches long and four more pieces that are 48 inches long. Then to make the final fit easier and neater, rip each of eight pieces so that they are 3% inches wide and plane them , if you have the equipment, so that they are 1% inches high . You should then have four boards that are 3 % " x 1%" x 60" and four that are 3 %" x1 % "x48". For the second step, use scrap wood left over from the first step路. Cut five pieces that are 10 inches long then rip them to produce two pieces from each that are 1% " x 1Y2" x 10". These are to be used as the cross supports.
The third step involves making the notches and lap joints. From the diagram, you should be able to see where each support is located and how the finished parts are fitted together. The four vertical supports are exactly the same and the four horizontal supports are exactly the same . The notches and lap joints can be made by successive cuts with a radial arm saw blade while holding or clamping the four pieces together to do them all at the same time. Next drill th e appropriate holes and then bolt the vertical and horizontal supports together. You should now have two 4' x 5' f rames aligned parallel with the hex nuts to the inside . The cross supports are nailed into the notches with 10-penny nails to complete the fifth step whil e nailing the table top on with 6-penny nails will finish construction of th e table. Sand all of the parts being sure to round off all of the sharp
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FRAME SUPPOItTS C'f)
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HORIZONTAL fRAME SUPPO/US (1) (ONLY ONE OF THE HORIZONTAL FRAME SUPPORTS HAS THE 1" x 5" NOTCH TO ALLOW FOR THE PAD OF THE NISSEN HORIZONTAL BAR UPRIGHT)
corners . Putting a piece of scrap rug on top wil l lessen chi~lnces of picking up splin ters and padding the vertical supports will help prevent injuries to the gymnast' s legs' if ~e comes down c rooked . The pictures should give you an idea of how the finished table appears and how it is connected to the high bar.
USING THE SPOTTING TABLE: Th e first thing which must be decided when attempting to use the spotting table is whether or not it should be used at all. It must be recognized from the start that it is almost impossible for a spotter on the table to save anyone who slips off the bar, regardless of the reason for his coming off. If the spotter were to try to hold on, both spotter and gymnast would finish on the floor since the gymnast's momentum and the spotter's weight are against the spotter. A beginning gymnast attempting his first giants should first try them in the belt, and then out of the belt with a spotter below
who can stop him if he goes up, misses and sw ings down the wrong way. Introduce the table to help correct minor mistakes of t imin g after the boy has better control and more confidence on the bar. A lmost all moves on the horizontal bar can be taught more effectively with someone assisting from th e spotting table; however, the usual leadups and progressions shou ld be fo ll owed so that the gymnast can at least initiate the action. Once he gets started, the spotter can assist him at the critical points by lifting at the center of gravity or by blocking or aiding movements of the head, shoulders, or legs. Have the gymnast work close to the table away from the center of the bar, giving the spotter more of a mechanical advantage. The best spotting situation is to have two people on the platform and one on the floor directly under the bar. The spotter on the floor serves the same purpose as he would in a situation witho ut the spotting
table. He stops any swing that goes the wrong way and is ready to catch a gymnast who slips off. The spotters on the table sta nd on each side of the bar to help each other carry the gymnast all the way through a complex stunt. One spotter alone on the table has much more to do and should always be assisted by someone on the floor. The spotter on the table should stand on the side where he is at an advantage, reaching over or under the bar as the situation warrants. Remember that spotting from the table is a skill and should be learned by spotting simp le skills such as kips, uprises, and hip circles first before advancing to the more difficult moves. You should find that the thrill of helping a gymnast feel what a move is like and to know where the critica l points are is well worth the time and the smal l amount of money invested in making the spotting platform.
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LETTERS Trampoline in Trouble in the USA? Dear Glenn: I just read your MG report about the NCAA Championships and feel I must comment about your remark, " T would be a shame to abandon it (trampoline) now with Europe coming up so strong and Japan and Russia picking up interest." That' s just it! While we in Europe are thinking of having trampolining as an Olympic Sport someday, the US, creator of a truly American sport which is now catching on in Europe, is having second thoughts . The American hesitations really sound more than strange in our ears. Here, the USA has a sports event which has brought them worldwide success which not even could be matched by their track and field teams which seem to be tops. Now the US does not seem to know where to go, do they? In Europe, we are facing the fact that trampolining is a real gym-sport, but some people in your country hesitate instead of giving a full " go-ahead. " Is trampolining dangerous? By all means no more so than skiing, ski-jumping, soccer, football , etc., . . . and gymnastics .
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We, for instance, in Switzerland know that if you te ach it properly, that we have fewer accidents than in th e other sports. On the other hand , in track and field today, you have to t rain so hard in order to keep up with competition , that in time your hips, shoulders and arms are so overworked that they are worn out and you have to stop, even without an accident. Top gymnastics, top track and field , top skiing, etc., today are so demanding that I would easily change from downhill ski racing to trampolining. In my opinion, those who are hesitating, who say no to trampolining, know nothing about the sport. But we know that many a time decisions have been made by such people. The USA giving up trampolining and its lead would be about the same as the USA giving up its lead in the space program , and makes about as much sense. You are still leading this sport-for your sake, continue. All the past Champions you provided were true Ambassadors of your country and have as much good in those countries overseas where they performed as any professiona路1 Ambassadors . When the World Championships were held in Berne, Switzerland , recently (with smashing success by the US men and women), half of Europe was watching on TV. It was a tremendous performance, not only for the sport, but also for the USA. Kurt Baechler Trampoline Committee, Swiss Gymnastic Federation
Dear Sir: The readers of Modern Gymnast may be interested in th e enclosed picture of my son, Archibald Laird II , a long time subscrib er to and a reader of your magazine. While serving in Vietnam with the 101st Airborne Division at Camp Eagle, he built
the parallel bars on which he did this planche. He is currently a student at Ricker College and is captain of the 1971 wrestling team . Sincererly yours, Archibald Laird, MD
BOOK REVIEWS: THE SCIENCE OF TRAMPOLINING by G. S. Aaron. John Jones Cardiff, Ltd. 21 Duffryn Close, Cardiff. CF2 6HT 37 pages. $1.50. I read through this little (37 p) book in a single sitting. It has a number of points to recommend it although there is little that U. S. Coaches are not already using. The book und ertakes to explai n the why's and how's of trampoline moves utilizing Newton 's well-defined laws of motion . The pertinent formulae are included but worked-out examples would have been helpful if the author were really trying to use "science " in his explanations. The illustrations are just barely satisfactory. Th ere may be a place for this book in the portion of the physical education curriculum dealing with kinesiology. A few of the examp les could serve as models for movement analysis, particularly with respect to rotational effects. The American reader may have to think twice at th e use of certain British terms. Som e exp lanations become a bit involved, as in the following example describing a performer trying to " save" a front or back somersault: " Instinctive ly and without any need for coaching he circles his arms violently in the direction of the somersault producing a reaction in the opposite direction, increasing the moment of inertia about the transverse axis and thus reducing angular velocity, at. the same time the angular momentum built up in the arms reduces the angular momentum of the trunk and legs ." In short, I doubt that U. S. trampolinists will f ind much of use in this book except by w ay of understanding the physics involved in what they are doing. U. S. coaches, by and large, already are making use of these principles. It could be useful to college maj ors in physical education and is inexpensive enough to merit a place on their library shelves. Dick Criley
ATTENTION: Camp Directors, Clinic Directors, Meet Directors We have recently been reviewing how the M.G. can best serve its readers and the sport of gym · nastics in general. It has been noted that gym nas· tic camps, clin ics, and major meets are the vehicle ~ through which most of the momentum and enthu· siasm for the sport are generated. Unfortunately, to date we have not always been informed enough in advance to make these events known to our readers. In an effort to remedy this, we have devised a system that will encourage a camp, clinic, or meet director to make notice in the M.G. up to a year in advance, as to the date and speci · fics of his event. To be fair to all concerned , a,ll camps, clinics, and major meet announcements will hence forth be channeled through this program . This will eliminate any criticism as to why a given event was announced or was not-the responsibility will be up to the camp, clinic, or meet director to make sure his event and the specifics are formally made available to the offices of the M.G. magazine. To administer this service, a fee will be made in order to cover expenses. This fee will include the following : A. A one time notice in the M.G. calendar (two lines, 12·15 words) . Fee: $3.00 plus $1.00 for any copy over two lines, or B. A continuing notice in the M.G . calendar (two lines, 12·15 words) to appear in 10 consecutive issues or until the date of the event. This includes a 1/2 inch bonus ad to appear at your discretion. Fee: $15.00 annually (plus $1.00 for any copy over two lines) (layout and type included), or
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Woodward Gymnastic Camp (for girls and boys): First session begins June 20, 1971 . Any girl or boy who is at least ten years of age by registration is eligible to attend . Programs vary from one week to ten weeks. For further information write: Woodward Camp, P.O. Box 93, Woodward, PA 16882. Gymnastic Workshop (for women) : At Stanford University, Stanford, California, June 21-July 2. For information contact : Gymnastic Workshop, Women 's Gymnasium , Stanford, CA 94305. National Trampoline Championships (Juniors & Seniors): For entry blanks and further information, contact : Jack Tillinghast, Department of Physical Education, West Texas State University, Canyon , TX 79015.
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Sokol Athletic Center will sponsor the SCATS traveling show, "It's A Small World " Sunday, March 7. For further information , contact : Bill Amick , Physical Di rector, Sokol Dallas , 7448 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75206. National Intercollegiate Gymnastics Championships (for women): At Pennsylvania State University, April 8-10. For entry forms and additional information contact: Miss Della Durant, Women's Physical Education Department , Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802. Hapoel Games: Two boys and two girls from U.S.A. are invited to take part April 27-May 2 in Israel. USA-USSR: April 23rd-April 27th. Riga, Russia. Four men and four women. 2nd World Cup: Miami , Florida. May 2nd.
C. A continuing notice in thll M.G. calendar (four lines, 30 words) to appear in up to 10 consecutive issues or until the date of the event (plus $1.00 for any copy over four lines). This includes a one inch bonus ad to appear at your discretion. Fee : $25.00 annually (layout and type included). Subscription to options B or C will make a special ad rate available to the director.
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Climbing Ropes 18' ................. .... ....... $14.00 Side Horse, New Vinyl 80dy, Wooden Pommels.... ..... ................ 150.00 Vaulting Buck, New Vinyl Body 50.00 Parallel Bar, 10Ft. Medart . ............... 150.00 Horizontal Bar, 6' Outdoor.. ....... 45.00 Horizontal Bar, 8' w/Guy Wires. .. 110.00 Horizontal Bar, 6' Adj. w/Guy Wires 95.00 Horizontal Bar, 6' Wall Mount.. .... .. . 75.00 Mat Truck, Vertical, Medart ............... 75.00 Lockers 12'x18x60, Lyon.......... .. .. .... 10.00 Chalk 80x. (42.00 value).............. ..... 15.00 Womens Leotards, Black Durene .... 1.50 Mat, Cut-Out For P. Bar 5xl 0 40.00 Mat, 4x8x2:' Plastic Cover, Like New.. .. 30.00 Barbell Plates- Unpainted .......... ......... 13 lb. SEND FOR FREE CATALOG SPECIALIZING IN USED & SURPLUS EQUIPMENT SCHOOL & SPORTS, INC.
P.O. 80X 428, SAN PEDRO, CALIF. 90274 213-832-0306
The Modern Gymnast Index ' for 1970 - Vol. XII A. . B. Frederick, Compiler
The compiler would like to acknowledge the tremendous efforts of Dick Criley, Ken Sakoda and Don Tonry who along with more than fifty other individuals of the gymnastic community have contributed to the bulk of articles in this first volume of the " Seventies. " The index is used in the following way .. . 7(25-26) indicates that material referred to will be found in the August/September edition on pages 25 and 26. Please note that the following numbers refer to months indicated below : 1 - January 2 - February 3 - March 4-April 5-May 6 - June / July 7 - August/September Note: Due to some Editorial failure numbers 8 and 9 were ommitted. (June / July should be 6-7 and Aug .! Sept. 8-9) 10 - October 11 - November 12 - December SUBJECT INDEX ALL-AROUND RANKINGS All-Around Rankings for the USA (Wright) 3(23) National Rankings - October, 1970 10(31) APPARATUS The Roenrad Goes Scientific (Frederick) 1 (8) Gymnaestrada Ladders (Frederick) 2(14-15) The Ring Machine (Reichl) 4(19) Chalk Box (Burkel) 6(37) Measuring Cross Progress (Johnson) 7(9) ART Hands - An MG Photo Essay (Sakoda and Sundby) 3(12-13) The Salute - Ontario Gymnastic Federation 4(7) A Look at the Warm~Up - A Photo Essay (Sakoda) 11 (10-11) BOOK REVIEWS (ReviewersCriley and Frederick) Beginner's Gymnastics by Nils Bengtsson 2(28) The Trampoline as I See It by Jeff Hennessy 2(28) This Is Gymnastics by Jack Charteris 2(28) A New Guide to Developing a Gymnastic Program Nissen Corp. 10(30) Trampoline Tumbling Today by Griswold and Wilson 10(30) The Art and Science of Judging Men's Gymnastics Dick Aronson , Compiler 11 (26-27)
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Men's Gymnastic Correspondence Course (Judging) by Helen Sjursen 11 (27) CAMPS CAA-YMCA Camp - An Adventure in Volunteer Service (Wylde) 4(7-8) CANADA Canadian Intercollegiate Gymnastic Coaches Assn. (Charteris) 1 (9) Eastern Canadian Christmas Clinic 1(9) CANADIAN REPORTS (EditorJohn Nooney) Reports will be found as follows: 1(9) ; 4(10-11) ; 7(9-10); 11 (8-9) CLINICS Summer Clinic at Michigan (Szypula) 1 (7) Eastern Gymnastic Clinic (Winter Session) 1 (7) Hawaiian Gymnastic Assoc . Clinic 1(8) Eastern Canadian Gymnastic Clinic 1(9) 1970 Sarasota National Clinic 3(10) Eastern Gymnastic Clinic (Holzaepfel) 3(11) Twentieth Anniversary (National Gymnastic Clinic) 11 (6) COLLEGE GYMNASTICS Regional Reports 1 (20-27) College and University Data 2(10-14) Collegiate Captains 3(14-17) EDITORIALS Selection of National Team Coaches and Judges ITonry) 1 (6) The (R)Evolution in Gymnastics (Millman) 2(~7) Gymnastic Meets Should Be Beautiful (Lingemann) 2(8-9) Problems in Getting the MG to Press (Criley) 3(8) Disgusted (Gulack Again!) 3(8) Marij uana and the Gymnast 3(9) See Also Readers Responses 6(6-7+) and references on the subject in 10(24) We Have Gone Too Far (Tonry) 4(7) Marijuana and the Gymnast Brave New World (Sakoda) 4(9) Let 's Do Compulsories (Hennecke) 7(8) The Dreaded " Doing " (Criley) 10(8) On Hai r, Sideburns etc. (Criley) 11 (6-7) The Smoking Gymnast 11 (12) Imagination . in Gymnastics (Millman) 11(13) Extrapolations (Davis) 11 (20) On the USGF (Criley) 12(6-7) ELEMENTARY AND CHILDREN'S GYMNASTICS A Youth Gymnastic Program (Bula and Stacey) 2(24-25) ESSAY (See also ART) A Day in the Life of a Gymnast (Adams) 7(25-26) Winn ing is Fun (Winburg) 11 (9) FILMS NCAA Films Available 3(8) Gymnastic Flashbacks 3(25) FLOOR EXERCISE
Front handspring, front somey ; Full pirouette ; Transitions (M illman) 1(10-11) Back Handspring (Fortier) 3(18) Floater (Forward Handspring) (Fortier) 4(18) Develop Creative Floor Exercise Corner Combinations (Mead) 6(22) GYMFEST 8th Annual Santa Monica Gymfest (Sundby) 10(12-17) HIGH SCHOOL GYMNASTICS Length of Season 2(8) A Few Thoughts on the High School Issue (Criley) 7(10) MG High School Report 7(11-22) Improving High School Gymnastics - Spot Interviews (Sakoda and Criley) 7(24) Gymnastics in Montana (Lux) 7(26) HORIZONTAL BAR Free Hip Back Pirouette to Undergrasp (George) 1(4) From Free Eagle, 1/ 1 Turn Backward (George) 3(21) From Free Eagle, Hop Pirouette Forward 4(20-21) Back Uprise, Full Turn (George) 6(24-25) INDEX FOR 1969 (Frederick) 2(26-27) INTERNATIONAL Report on Pre-World Games Trip (Weiler) 1 (9) The Basel Gymnaestrada (Frederick) 1 (15-16) Jugoslavian Gymnaestrada Ladders (Frederick) 2(14-15) Bulgaria vs. the USA (Roetzheim) 3(6-7) South African Cup (Trimmer) 6 (14-15) World Games - Summary of Past U.S. Efforts (Sundby) 10(4) World University Games (Torino, Italy) (Wright) 10(8-9) NHK Cup and Final Trials for the Japanese World Games Team (Connelly) 10(23) 3rd International Invitational (Mexico City) (Sasvary) 10(26) Report of the Seattle Gymnastic Club Tour of South America (Hughes) 11 (6) Competitive Gymnastics in Switzerland (Furbler) 11 (14) International MG Representatives 12(4) Report on the World Games Championships (Roetzheim) 12(10-12) A Judge 's Eye View of Ljubljana (Kunzle) 12(3) Views from the Stands at Ljubljana (Jacobs) 12(13+ ) From the Captain 's Point of View (Sakamoto) 12(14) Team and All-Around Standings - Ljubljana World Championships 12(19-24) JUDGING (Jerry Wright, Editor) Part III - Rings (Culbertson) 1(18-19) Evaluation of Vaults 2(22) 'Judging the Side Horse Event (Tonry) 2 (23) Part IV - Parallel Bars (Culbertson) 3(26-27) Part V - Horizontal Bar (Cul-
bertson) 6(34-35) For the Love of the Sport (Hatfield) 6(36) National Gymnastic Judges Assoc . (N.ewsletter Vol. 1, No, 1) 11 (8) LETTERS Helpless - Gymnastic Captain Married in Hospital 1 (28) Tom Morton in Panama 3(28) Bill Ballester Complimented 3(28) MEET ORGANIZATION and CONDUCT Communication Approaches to Operation of the Gymnastic Meet (Doyle) 4(6) NATIONAL GYMNASTIC COACHING STAFF The Beginning (Naperville Training Camp) (Massimo) 10(10-11) Elimination Competition for the Japanese World Championship Team - A Scouting Report (Grossfeld) 10(20-22) USA-USGF Victory 11 (4) NATIONAL MEETS 1970 NCAA College Division Championships (Holmes) 4(12-15) Pasadena National Invitational (Sundby and Sakoda) 4(22-23) The MG NCAA Report (Criley) 5(6) 1970 NCAA Team Championship (Criley) 5(7-9) Note: See also NCAA TV Coverage criticism in letter 7(28) Technical AnalYSis of the NCAA Championships (Cohen) 5(10-13) NCAA Spot Interviews (Criley and Sakoda) 5(13-14) NCAA Champions 5(15-29) USGF National Championships (Norton) 6(10-12+ ) NAIA Gymnastics : Adolescent Seeking Maturity (Zuerlein) 6 (16-18) OBITUARIES Robert Schmidt 1898-1969 1 (4) Dr, E. A. Eklund 5(4) Jim Salay 10(7) Jim Stolp 10(7) Marshall Claus 1936-197012(6) PARALLEL BARS Cast to Upper Arms (George) 1(12-13) Upper Arm Hang Swinging Forward 3(19-20) Handstand, Cast to Straight Arm Support 4 (19-20) Handstand , Peach - Handstand (George) 6(23-24) Olympic Compulsory - Unofficial (Tonry) 12(26-27) PERSONALITIES Peter DiFurio : In the Pursuit of Excellence (Massimo) 5 (7) George Greenfield Interview (Sundby-Sakoda) 6(13) Stephanie Stromer - Miss High School Gymnast for 1970 7(6-7) Steve Hug Interview (Sakoda) 7(23) Karl A. Hansen - Rehabilitant of the Half Century 10(7) Jim Huntley - Sport Magazine College Athlete of the Month 10 (7)
Sakamoto Interview (Sakoda) 10(18-19) Masayuki Watanabe Interview (Sakoda) 11 (18-19) RESEARCH (James Bosco , Research Editor) Anabolic Steroids : Effects on Strength (Johnson and O'Shea abstract) 2(9) Cinematographic Analysis of the Back Handspring (Holmes) 2(18-19) Videotape and Teaching Gymnastics (Lesch) 6(33) Trampoline Accidents in the Secondary Schools (Rumpf) 11 (21-22) Background and Trends Towards Scientific Analysis in Gymnastics (Welser) 11(22-23+ ) RINGS Learning the Back Rise to Handstand (Tonry) 1 (12) Controlling the Shoulder Problems of the Ringman (Cobb) 2(20) German Rise (Church) 2(21) Injury Preventatives (Tonry) 3(18-19) The Ring Machine (Reichl) 4(19) The Elementary Dislocate (Chaplain) 6(22-23) Measuring Cross Practice (Johnson) 7(9) SIDE HORSE Side Horse Circles (Tonry) 1(11) Judging the Side Horse Event (Tonry) 2(23) Intermediate Mounts (Tonry) 4(18) Side Horse Dismounts (Tonry) 6(24-25) TUMBLING TOPICS (Dick Criley) Back Handspring, Back Somersault 2(23) Back Handspring , Twisting Back Somersault 3(22) Back Handspring, Arabian Front 4(21) TRAINING How to Be a Great Gymnast in 3,274 Easy Lessons (Millman) 3(24) General Warm-Up for Gymnastics (Toth) 4(24-25) USGF USGF Report (Bare) 12(8) Where We Go From Here . .. A Giant Step for Gymnastics 12(9) VAULTING Yugoslavians and Canadians Performing the Yamashita (Bajin) 1(12-13) Cartwheel (Fortier) 3(19) Virtuosity in Vaulting (Fortier) 4(19) Maximum Difficulty Vaults (Wiemann) 6(26) WOMEN'S GYMNASTICS Cathy Rigby Wins a Silver Medal 11 (4) INDEX TO MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS Adams, Thomas A Day in the Life of a Gymnast 7(25-26) Bajin, Borislav
Yugoslavian and Canadian Performances of Yamashita Vault 1(12-13) Bare, Frank USGF Report 12(8) Bula , Michael R. A Youth Gymnastic Prog ram 2(24-25) Burkel, John Chalk Bo x 6(37) Ch aplan , Mickey The Elementary Dislocate 6(22-23) Charteris, Jack Canadian Intercollegiate Gymnastic Association 1(9) Church, Doug German Rise on Still Rings 2(21) Cobb, Mickey Controlling Shoulder Problems of the Ringman 2(20) Cohen , Steve Technical Analysis of NCAA Championships 5(10-13) Connelly , Dan NKH Cup and Final Trials for the Japanese World Games Team 10(23) Criley, Dic k Hawaiian Gymnastic Assoc. Clinic 1 (8) Back Handspring , Back Somey 2(23) Problems Getting MG to Press 3(8) Back Handspring, Back Somey with Twist 3(22) The MG-NCAA Report 5(6) 1970 NCAA Team Champion ships 5(7-9) NCAA Spot Interviews 5(13-14) A Few Thoughts on the High School Issue 7(10) Improving High School Gymnastics - Spot Interviews 7(24) The Dreaded " Doing " 10(8) On Hair, Sideburns , etc. 11 (6-7) On the USGF 12(6-7) Culbertson , Jon (A Critical Review of Difficulty Ratings) Part 111- Rings 1(18-19) Part IV - P-Bars 3(26-27) Part V - Horizontal Bar 6(34-35) Davis, Robert B. Extrapolations 11 (20) Doyle , Michael Approaches to the Operation of the Gymnastic Meet 4(6) Fortier, Frank Back Handspring 3(18) The Cartwheel Vault 3(19) Forward Handspring (Floater) 4(18) Virtuosity in Vaulting 4(19) Frederick, A. Bruce The Roenrad Goes Scientific ,1 (8) The Basel Gymnaestrada .1 (15-17) Jugoslavian Gymnaestrada Ladders 2(14-15) Book Reviews 2(28) Furbler, Ernest Competitive Gymnastics in Switzerland 11 (4) George, Jerry Cast to Upper Arms 1 (12-13) Free Hip, Back Pirouette to Undergrip 1(4)
From Free Eagle, 1/ 1 Turn ,Backward 3(21) Handstand-Cast Straight Arm Support 4(19-20) From Free Eagle, Hop Pirouette Forward 4(20-21) Handstand , Peach Handstand 6(23-24) Back Uprise Full Turn ,6(24-25) Grossfeld , Abe Elimination Competition for the Japanese World Championship Team 10(20-22) Hatfield, Fred For the Love of the Sport 6(36) Hennecke, Bob Let's D,o Compulsories 7(8) Holmes, Bill 1970 NCAA College Divi sion Championships 4(12-15) Holmes, Harold Cinematographic Analysis of the Backhandspring 2(18-19) Huges, Eric Report of the Seattle Gymnastic Club Tour of South America 11 (6) Jacobs, Dave Views from the Stands at Ljubljana 12(13+ ) Johnson , Marvin Measuring Cross Progress 7(9) Kunzle, George A Judge's Eye View of Ljubljana 12(13) Lesch, Vic Video Tape and Teaching Gymnastics 6(33) Lingemann, Lloyd Jr. Gymnastic Meets Should Be Beautiful 2(8-9) Lux, Tom Gymnastics in Montana 7(26) Massimo, Joseph Peter DiFurio : In the Pursuit of Excellence 5(7) The Beginning 10(10-11) Mead, Pel Develop Creative Floor Exercise Corner Combinations 6(22) Millman , Dan Front handspring, front somey ; Full pirouette ; Transition Movements 1(1 0-11) The (R)Evolution in Gymnastics 1 (6-7) See also letter 4(28) Howe to Be a Great Gymnast in 3,274 Easy Lessons 3(24) Imagination in Gymnastics 11 (13) Norton , Don USGF National Championships 6(10-12+ ) Reichl , Paul The RinQ Machine 4(19) Roetzheim, Bill Bulgaria vs. the United States 3(6-7) Report on the World Gymnastic Championship 12(10-12) Rumpf, John F. Trampoline Accidents in the Secondary Schools 11 (21 -22) Sakamoto , Makoto From the Captain's Point of View (World Championships) 12(14) Sakoda, Ken Hands-A Photo Essay 3(12-13)
Mariju ana and the Gymnast (Brave Ne w World) 4(9) Pasadena Invitational 4(22-23) N.cAA Spot Interviews 5(13-14) George Greenfield Interview 6(13) Steve Hug Interview 7(23) Improving High School Gymnastics-Spot Interviews 7(24) Sakamoto Interview 10(18-19) A Look at the Warm-Up 11(10-11) Masayuki Watanabe Interview 11(18-19) Sasvary, Les 3rd International Invitational -Mexico City 10(26) Stacey , Kathy A Youth Gymnastic Program .2(24-25) Sundby, Glenn Hands-A Photo Essay 3(12-13) Pasadena Invitational A(22-23)
George Greenfield Interview 6(13) Summary of the U.S. World Games Efforts 10(4) 8th Annual Santa Monica Gymfest 10(12-17) Szypula, George Summer Clinic at Michigan 1 (7) Tonry, Don Se lection of National Team , .coaches and Judges 1(6) Side Horse Circles 1(11) Back Rise to Handstand 1(12) Judging the Side Horse Event 2(23) Injury Preventatives 3(18-19) Upper Arm Hang Swinging Forward 3(19-20) We Have Gone Too Far 4(7) Intermediate Side Horse Mounts 4(18) Side Horse Dismounts 6(24-25) 1972 Olympic Parallel Bar Compulsory-Unofficial ,12(26-27) Toth, Joseph General Warm-Up for Gymnastics 4(24-25) Trimmer, Martin South African Cup 6(14-15) Weiler, Wilhelm Report on the Pre-World Games (Yugoslavia) 1(9) Welser, Lyle Background and Trends Towards Scientific Analysis in Gymnastics 11 (22-23+ ) Weimann , Klaus Vaults of Maximum Pifficulty Winberg, Jill Winning Is Fun 11 (9) Wright, Jerry All-Around Rankings 3(23) World University Games1970 10(8-9) National Rankings for AIIAround-Oct. , 1970 10(31) Wylde, Jim The CAA YMCA Gymnastic Camp-An Adventure in Volunteer Service 4(7-8) Zuerlein, John NAIA Gymnastics: Adolescent Seeking Maturity 6(16-19)
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