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TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume XVII / Number 1 / January 1975
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5. FROM THE PUBLISHER, Glenn Sundby 7. WHAT'S HAPPENING 8. NACGC NATIONAL FORUM, Bob Peavy 9. INTERVIEW WITH SHIGERU KASAMATSU IN VARNA, Frank Endo 10. MIDWEST CHAMPIONSHIP 10. Men's Competition, H.J. Biesterfeldt, Jr. 12. Women's competition, Jack Griggs WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS 13. 18th VARNA, Dr. Josep h Gohler 22. USSR - USA 'TOUR '22. With Olga in Los Angeles, Minot Simons II 25. CENTERFOLD, Galina Shugurova 29. CO-ED CAMPUS COLUMN, Gretchen Sunderland Dowsing 30. NEW~'N NOTES, Renee Hendershott 30. USGF Women's Committee Meeting, Shirley Bryan 32. National Association of Women's Gymnastic Judges 34. INSTR'JeTlON : 34. The Side Travel, James Hesson 35. Handspring Danger, W.P. Wortman 36. RUBY 36. HElEN'S CORNER, Helen Sjursen 37. ON THE MOVE WITH FRITZ, Bent Hip Straddle, Fritz Reit er 38. Kt!ltARCH: The Specificity of Gymnastic Training, Tommy Boone 40. A JLJDGES VIEW ON HORSE, David S. BorUCki 42. GUEST EDITORIAL: High School and Female Gymnasts, Mr. & Mrs. Th omas L. Ri x, Jr. 43. LEITERS 43. CANADIAN REPORT, Lewis R. Wa ll er 46. CALENDAR Cover: Nelli Kim, USS R, 3rd i3 ea lll, 1974 World Champion shi ps, Va ma, Bulgari a. Phot o tak en at USSR Tour Ex hibiti oll by Glen n Sundby publish e r: Glenn Sundby Associate Editors: Di c k Cr il ey Re nee He nd e rsho tt Internatio nal Editor: Dr. Jose ph Go hle r Resea rch Editor: H.J. lli es le rfeldl, Jr. Education Editor: A. ll. Fred er ick Junior Gymnast Editor: Joe Swee ney Modern Rhythmic Gymnastics Editor : Ann e li s Si rang e Hay man Men 's Instructional Coordinator: H.J. lli es le rfe ldl Instruc ti o nal Editors: AA: llililla li es ler, FX: Pau l Zie n . PH: James Hesso n . R: M ik e Jacki , lH: Jim Turpin , PB : Bill Roe lzheim, Hll: llill Ho lmes. layout Design: '1e ri Jo llil so n GYMNAST Oltlgazin(> is pub li sh e d by Sundby Publi c ation s, 410 8roadw.1Y, S.lnta Monic.l, Ca. Y040-1, Second C lass Postage paid At Sa nt a Moni ca, C.l. Publish ed monthly. Pri ce S>1. 00 a single copy. Subscription co rrespo nd ence, GYMNAST - P.O. Box 110, Santa M o ni ca, Col ~0406. Copyright 1975 c 路 all rights rese rved by SUNDBY PUBLICATIONS, 410 Broadway, Santa Monic ." Ca. All
Photos "nd lll,lOuscripls s ubmitted become the prope rt y of GYMNAST unless re turn requ e st a nd sufficient -postage are
includ e d.
From The PUBLISHER GYMNAST '75 IS HERE: Thank s to you, our faithful and enthus iast ic subscribers, we have reached our goa l of mailing out 15,000 m agazin es with this edit ion. With your continued suppo rt , w e shou ld reach our next goa l of twenty-five thousand subscr ibers b efore th e e nd of 1975. Noti ce, we say " subscr ibers. " If we said " read ers,"' th e figure co uld iI lrea dY be well over a hundred tho u sa nd. A survey we took la st year estimat ed that from 5 to 50 gym n as ts may rea d a sing le co Py of Gymnast. (Just an average of 10 rea d ers per coPy would give us 150,000 read ers). How man y rea d your copy? We 'd lik e to know.
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IMPORTANCE OF MO~E SUBSCRIBERS: Even though o ur printing , handling , and mailing cos ts co ntinu e to ris e and would not be less with m o re subsc rib ers, we do have man y fixed production costs that wo uld b e less with more subscribers, Therefore , w e ca n b alance off our tot al effort by co ntinuin g to improve Gymnast without increas ing th e cos t to yo u, th e subscriber. Th at is why we encourage you to get all yo ur fri e nd s to subsc rib e to GYMNAST, as you will also ben e fit w ith an even better magazin e. POSTER PROGRAM: For m an y of our new subscr ibe rs, and some of you older subscrib ers who may have skipped our explanation of the Gymnast poster fold-out for 1975 in th e Nov ember issu e and wo nde r wh ere the fold -o ut is for this edit ion? ?? There isn 't on e. With this ed iti on, w e have a co lor ce nte r spread, as we will have in four ed ition s thi s yea r. But, w e will also have four edit ions with a four-page fold-out, and four issues w ith a GIANT EIGHT-PAGE FOLD-OUT before the year is ove r ... plus severa l bonu s surpri ses. W e h ave one plann ed for thi s edition , but with the holidays, and short working w ee k (no t o urs, our supp li e rs), w e ma y not make it , but we ' ll keep trying do wn to the wir e.
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ATTENTION GYMNASTIC CLUB OWNERS: As you will find mentioned in anoth er secti on of thi s edition , we wou ld lik e to mak e up a directory of all the Gymnasti c Clubs in the U .S.A. If yo u ha ve a privat e or a school club gymnastic program, please send us the name, address, coach, and schedule of your club program. Also, mention if it is for boys and gir ls, girl s on ly , or boys onlY, along w ith the age span and number of parti cipant s in yo ur program. Wewould also appreciate know in g, for our record s, any uniqu e and successf ul fund rai sing programs yo u may have used th at you would lik e to share with o ur oth er club rea d ers. Let u s help eac h oth er grow. Success breed s success: wh ere kno ck ing oth er club s on ly brings dow n the sport and we all lose. Th e b ett e r the co mpetition and attitude, th e more beautiful and wond erf ul our sport will b eco m e. W e at Gymnast have a few fund raising id ea s you can us e involving se llin g Gymnast subscription s, sin gle cop ies, gymnastic posters, etc. , plu s some spec ia I d iscoun ts on ava il ab le back ed itions forthe rea ding or waiting room of you r club or ca mp.
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SPEAKING OF CAMPS: If you want to get your summer camp li sted in our speci al Camp Directory section of th e April or M ay editi o n, ru sh us th e data as soon as possibl e. And rem emb er, an attra cti ve ad in GYMNAST m ay be see n by over on e hundred thou sa nd Gymnast readers in fifty-two co untries around the world.
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N,~:fORMATION FORM
fOR "GYMNAST" CLUB DIRECTORY
;~:ress
State
Zip ___
Name of Coach ________ Schedule路___________ Pictured at left, Joan Moore Rice, top scoring USA woman gymnast at th e 1974 World Championships, Varna, Bulgaria, Photo by Mitchell Barosh.
Number of Students_ ___ Avg. age ____ Program ______________________
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ROUND OUT YOUR PROGRAM WITH EQUIPMENT FROM AMF AMERICANYour gymnastic program needs top quality equipment you can depend on. AMF American has a line of equipment for the beginner, intermediate, or advanced that will meet all of your program requirements. Write today for our free catalog of gymnastic equipment, mats, and trampolines ... all designed to bring out the best in you.
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COLLEGIATE NATIONALS FOR WOMEN
PAN-AM GAMES
Elizabeth Hanley, National Chairwoman for th e Association of Intercolleg iate Athletics for Women (A IAW), and Dale Flannsis, Chairwoman for Region N in e, announced Cal Stat e Ha ywa rd as the sit e for th e 1975 National Collegiate Gy mnastic Champ ion sh ips for Wome n. They are sc hedu led for April 4 and 5, 1975 at California State Unive rsit y, Haywa rd. If you w ish further informat ion co ntact th e Publi c Affai rs Office at Ca liforni a State University, Hayward , CA 94542, (415) 881-3724.
Th e execu ti ve comm ittee of the Pan American Games vo ted in favor of Mex ico Cit y rep lacin g Sao Paulo as the site of the 1975 co mpetiti ons. The Games had been sc hedul ed for Sao Paulo, but an ep idemic o f meningitis coup led wit h financial troubles forced the Brazilian orga ni ze r to pull out. Th e Games were o ri gina ll Y slated for Ma y, but Mexico City said th ey would need more time to prepare for them at suc h short notice and wou ld sugges t Oct. 12 as t he start in g date. 1980 OLYMPICS The diplomatic might of the Soviet Union and the en thusi asm of Lake Placid , the tiny wi nt er spo rt s reso rt ill New York state , gai ned them the right to sta ge the Olympic Games of 1980. The members of th e Inter national Ol Ympic Committee voted infavo r of Moscow by a vote of two to one ove r Los Angeles. The Soviets reported ly plan to construct a new OlYmpic Village with fi ve n ew 22-story hotels to accomodate 12,000 athletes and with 8,000 places in t he resta urant.
AMERICAN TURNERS 1974 NATIONAL GYM TEAM Shown above are the members of the American Turn ers 1974 National Gym Team. Front row: D eni se Ri ve t, Region VII; Kath y Rafa losk i & Lori Kunka, Region IX. Back ro w: Eric Zigler, Region III ; Jim Schuette, Region VI; Scott McBroom, Region IX.
SECOND CHILDHOOD Steve Lerner and Mike Kasavana are doing a trampoline act in a combina ti on restau rantlcockta illoun ge, Zelda Bloomdido 's Unlimited , in Northampton, Mass. Mike is the ass istant coach for the U-M ass . women ' s gymnast ics team , and is cu rrentl y au thorin g an in st ru ct ional book on how to spot men ' s and wo men 's gy mn ast ics . Steve and Mike say they are trying to enter their second childhood (theY're both 27) and pick up so me extra bucks, plu s turn the local s on to some cas ual trampolining.
WALNUT HILLS Thi s is the Walnut Hill s Hi gh School Girls Gymnastic team , from Cincinnati, Ohio. In just two years of competition , th ey have compiled a dual and in vitational meet reco rd of 34 wins and 7 lo sses. Th ey practice 4 hours a day seven days a week, and compete on the adva nced leve l. We ju st got wo rd that Paul R. Glassman form er UC gym nast is now th e former coac h of the Walnut Hills High School. Paul ha s opened a new cl ub in Cincinnati, The Cincinnati Gymnastic Club. HINT HINT Blair Standridge tells us that the Uni vers it y of South Ca rolina has NO gymnastic program for men. Ca n you ima gin e, wit h 26,000 st ud ents, th e re being no mens gym nasti c program? Well , we think it' s about time they tr y to get so m et h ing rollin g! W ho knows, the y might even be ab le to produce a champ ion ship team.
Looking for
Gymnastics & Academics? Walnut Hill School of Natick, Mass . is introducing a gymnastics program taught by the staff of Woodland Gymnastics . Opportunities unmatched in other schools; solid college prepulOtory program, a strong arts program including expert ballet and ' modern dance training, Gombined with gymnastics . Students who want quality instruction, academically or gymnastically, write for brochure.
George Wheeler, Co-Director, Woodland Gymnastics High School Coach of four colJege Instructors : All-Americans Will St . Cyr, Ken Henderson, Floor Co-Director, Woodland Gymnastics Exercise and Vaulting Champion Former N.E.A.A .U. Former Nationally Tumbling Champion Ranked Gymnast. Former 路Coach, Ex 'p erienced, Wellesley H .S. Successful Instructor. Gymnastics Team Headmaster: Earle C. Batchelder, B.A. McGill, M.Ed. Harvard
WALNUT HILL SCHOOL 68 Highl a nd St./ Nat ick , Mass. 01760 GYMNAST Jan. '75
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- -__NACqC--NATIONAL FORUM By Bob Peavy Secretary NACGC Washington State University
"GYMNAST #2" GYMNAST is proud to be able to reprodu ce th e artwork 01 fell ow gy mlla sts. " Gymna st ill"", seen above , is a co py of a bl ack and w hite se ri grap h (s ilk scr ee n paintin g) b y LorenLo Homar, 0 1 Pu ert o Ri co. Origi nal siLe is 30 " x 22"" .
" I'm looking fo rwa rd t o in creasing our activit ies in Juni or Ol Ym pic trampoline and tumbling ne xt yea r," sa id Thurston. La st yea r's national s were part of the popular AAU Junior Ol ymp ic Multisport Championship held in Linclon , Neb., and sponsored by t he Chevro let motor Di vis ion. The 1975 nat ionals are slated for Ithaca, N .Y., i n Aug ust.
AAU TRAMPOLINE AND TUMBLING Robert Thurston ha s been elected nat iona l AAU Junior O lYmp ic Trampo line and Tumblin g chairman. Thurston, a ph ys icist for the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Co lts Neck, N .J. H e had been appointed to the posi ti o n iri November, 1973 to fill an un expired term.
JAPAN Women 1.
Dronova (USR)
2. Sih aru lize (USR) 3. Escher (CDR) 3. Schmeisse r (CDR) 5. Matsu hisa (IPN) 6. 7. 7. 9.
Hayas ida UPN) Doronakova (TCH) Fike (USA)
McDonnel (CAN) 10. Arseno ld (CAN) 11. Yabe (JP N) 12. Kn opova (TCH )
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PROMOTION Tom Fran qui of th e Bronx has been promoted to vars ity gym nas tics coach at Lo ng Island Un ivers it y's Brookl yn Ce nter. Th e 25-year-o ld educator received his B.S. degree in Ph Ys ica l Edu ca tion from th e Brook lyn Cente r in 1971 and join ed the coaching staff as ass istant gym nast ics coach in Sept emb er 1972.
CHUNICHI cUP RESULTS
B
FX
V
9.50 9.45 9.30 9.40 9.35 9.05 9.25 9.15 8.85 9.05 8.90 9.50
9.60 9.55 9.50 9.45 9.40 9.40 9.30 9.35 9.10 9.20 9.25 9.20
9.60 9.45 9.60 9.40 9.20 9.25 9.00 9.25 9.25 9.05 9.25 8.85
UPB TOTAL 9.55 9.60 9.55 9.70 9.40 9.55 9.40 9.20 9.30 8.00 7.25 7.00
38.25 38.05 37.95 37.95 37.35 37.25 36.95 36.95 36.50 35.30 34.65 34.55
Nov. '1.7 - D ec. 'I Nagoya, Japan Men 1. Kaji ya ll1a (lPN ) 57.25; 2. Allllriallov (USR ) 57.20; J. HOllll1a (l PN) 56.95; J. Kenll10t su JPN) 56.95; 5. Ka sa ll1atsu (lPN) 56.65; 6. Halldsc hk e (G DK ) 56.20; 7. Jaeger (C DR ) 55.75; tl . KUll1e (JP J 55.55; 9. March enk o (U)KJ55.35; 10. Loshki ll (U)K) 55.15.
GUEST SPEAKER - Igor Solodov Don Robinson in troduced Igor Solodov, PhD, Ru ss ian Acoustical PhYs ist, w ho was an exc hange p rofesso r from Ru ss ia. So lo d ov was invo lved in research at th e Un ive rsit y of Californi a and St anford for a p eriod of n in e month s. H e was fin ishing hi s brief to ur of th e Un ited States by visiting th e USGF Coa ch es Congress. H e discu sse d the Ru ssian Gy mn astics Program to th e m emb ers of NACGC. Th e fol lowing remarks we re recorded : The gymna stics pro gram start s fo r yo un gste rs about th e age of seven ye ars o ld . There is a mandatory program of ph ys ical educatio n act ivit y for th e fir st two years of school. After th at, ch i Id ren go to spec ial ized schools of sport apa rt from their formali ze d ed uca tion. At abo ut th e age of nin e, children go to " Sports Schoo ls" (o r soci eti es) and begi n gy mn asti cs . Children are taug ht bas ic m oves. At thi s time th e tea cher dete rmin es ju st w ho w ill be good eno ugh to co ntinu e in th e sport. A t abou t the age of 10 is w hen form ali zed gymnas ti cs starts. Th ere are "ca tagori es" w hich th ey go into as the y be come bett er i n the sport. Th ere are eig ht catagor ies in Russ ia - th ree for bo ys and girl s, three for o lder student s, and one for ca ndidate of Master of Sport, and one for M as ter 0 1 )port. 1h e las t o ne is whe re athl etes wo rk on lY o n t he Ol Ympic Compu lso ry exe rc ises and the Ol ympi c Optional program . The first six ca tagori es are hi ghly stru ctured and a compu lsory set of exercises is required for each catagory. Wh en a student is from 16-18 yea rs o ld , h e is el igibl e for ca n didate of ma ster of sport ca tagor y. Stu de nts in thi s age-g ro up wi ll usuall y ha ve graduated f rom hi g h schoo l. Once thi s happe ns th ere is th e option of go ing to wo rk o r go ing to co ll ege. If th e cho ice is work , th en the gymnas t w ill j o in any spo rts society in th e co untr y (gy mn ast ics c lu bs). Th ere are about eight of th ese socie ti es in Russia . Th e gym nast ma y t hen continue to work at the spo rt of gy m na st ics and co mpete as long as h e wi she s. I f th e gy mn as ts elec ts to go to co ll ege, he ma y co mpet e for si x yea rs as an und ergraduate, three ye ars as a grad uat e, and two yea rs beyo nd graduation from graduate sc hool. (A Ru ss ian student-athlete may co mp ete 11 yea rs whi Ie h e is in co ll ege) . At th e age of 20 -22 a gymn as t is usuall y acce pt ed as a M as ter of Sport and m ay co ntinue to the age of aro und 29 when he co mpl etes hi s co ll ege education. After co ll ege a gym nast may co mpete for o ne of th e societies in Russi a. Solodov stated th at th e best gymnasts come fro m th e sport s clubs (o r socie ti es). The military has the lin es t gym nas ts co mpe ti ll g in th e country. '1he cl u bs and m ilit ary ha ve th e b es t fac iliti es and cu ndi tion s in th e co untr y w hi ch far excee d those in th e uni ve rsiti es . '1h ere Me ten "cent ers" 01 gym nastics o r gYll1ll ,lsti cs sc hool s, dnd it W <l S illtlicJt ed thdt th ere w as no Oll e area il l Ku ss id Ihdt w as co nsid ered t he ce nler 0 1 gYll1na sti cs . So lodov co mme nted about Amer ican spec iali sts by saY in g, " Speciali sts in Ame ri ca we re suppo se d to move th e deg ree of difficulty hi gher, but d espit e th e fac t th at yo u have specialists in th is co u ntry, th ey have to make a GYMNAST Jan. '75
move to im prove their d ifficu lt y. " H e conc lu ded by stating, " Specia li sts without an all -around basis - it see ms impossib le to make hi gh leve l tri cks w ithout th e all-around back g round." Wh en question ed about th e mea ns of commun ica tion w ithin Ru ss ia co nce rnin g gymnast ics, So lodov stated th at it was not dissimil ar th an that of th e Un ited States publi ca tion s, a Nat io nal Co ng ress, and a great deal of bio mechanical stud y. A sc hool for coac hes (one where a coach stu dies th e sport of gymnastics for one year) was menti o ned as an innovat ion that sho uld be tried in th e United Stat es. Ru ssia ha s had a grea t man y fine coaches come from th e sc hool for coac hes . So lodov talk ed about nat ional competition for n ea rl y al l age gro u ps. The loca l, reg ional , and national leve ls have co mpetition for all ages, but not as man y co mpetitions as ther e are in th e Un ited States. It was esti m ated that univ ersiti es have probabl Y o nl y six competitions per season . Th ere is a g rea t amount of time spe nt o n prepara路ti o n, both ph ys ica lly and m entall y for
eac h competition. So lodov felt th at Amer icans had too many co mpetiti ons and there was ve ry little concern for th e conse rva tion of ph Ys ical and psyc hologi ca l energies. A que stion was posed co nce rning the " three most important things th e United State sho uld do in order to improve our n ational program " . Solod_Qy re spon sded by stating , " W hY_do you think three o nl y" . A m ixture of laughter and app lau se accompani ed hi s response. He answered the quest ion by stat in g that the sYstem of gymnastics, as employe d in Russia , should be Ir ied i n t h e U nit ed ~tate s . He suggested specia l coaches to in struct all ages gro ups rather th an se lec ting a math teacher w ith a mere inte rest in the sport. Specialized spo rts club s were also sugges ted as a mean s of upgrad in g th e sport in thi s co untry. Fin all y, Solodo v recom me nd ed that there be an elongated co ll ege eligibil ity wh ich wo uld all ow a gym nast sufficient time to prepa re his bod y and mind suffic ient ly in th e sport. he felt that a gymna st should compe te until th e age of 27 in order to reach hi s prim e in th e sport.
Igo r So lodov co ncluded hi s speec h by saying that he felt th ere should be an improvement in coaching techni q ues in th e U nit ed States. he fe lt th at so me of th e coaches lacked tec hrlicJI knowl edge w hic h cou ld be ga in ed through a speciali zed sport s school as he mention ed befor e. Don. Robin so n revie wed some of th e cred enti als of Igo r Solodov as he left th e stage. He will be returning to Ru ss ia to teach phys ics at Moscow U ni ve rsit y. H ewas a form er gymnast who had reti red three yea rs ago . H e was a " nonsc hol arshipped at hle te " b eca use every st ud ent is supported by th e State and rece ived a sti pend to attend school. He, along w ith all the other gym nasts in Ru ss ia (accord in g to Igor) ar e not paid to co m pete in the sport of gym nast ics " Eve rything is on the amateur level" . And so, the NACGC was e nlightened abo ut Ri ss ian gymnastics, programs, and suggest ions from a tru e friend of th e spo rt. The m ee tin g membe rs respo nded warm ly and enthu siastica ll y to thi s fin e yo ung m an. ~
INTERVIEW OF SHIGERU KASAMATSU BY MR. FRANK ENDO IMMEDIATELY AFTER WINNING THE ALL-AROUND AT THE WORLD GAMES IN VARNA, BULGARIA
Frank Endo: How old are you and what university did you attend? Shigeru Kasa matsu: I am 27 years of age and grad uated from the Chukyo U ni ve rsit y in Nagoya, 5 yea rs ago. I am prese ntly emp loyed by th e Toka i Television Broadca sting Co. doing office work. FE: When and how did you get interested in gymnastics? SK: Whil e in eleme ntary school, I saw some tumbling wo rk and I r ea ll y was im pressed. At abo ut the age of ten I jo ined a recreat ion eveni ng group and started taking tumblin g. I loved jumping and vau ltin g. I actually started taking apparatus in junior high school. E: Do you have any brothers or sisters? K: Yes. I ha ve two older broth ers and one yo un ge r sister. My oldest broth er did a b it of gy mn ast ics . My yo un ge r broth e r pla ys ping pong and my sister vo ll ey ball. E: What is your father's occupation?
GYMNAST Jan. '75
K: M y father d ied whe n I was in elementary sc hool. M y mother remarried and my stepfather now works in a hote l. E: How did you do in high school and college competition? K: I was Mi e Prefec ture (State) champion d uring m y second and third year in hi gh sc hoo l. However, o ur prefecture was not strong in gymnastics. During my third year in college , I placed 8th in th e Al l-j apan Champ io nship s. E: Did you receive any s<;holarship after finishing high school? K: No, I did not. Howeve r, d uring my last yea r at the university I rece ive d financ ial aid sin ce I did well in gymnastics. E: What championships have you won? K: I was a member of the 1972 Ol ympi c Team that participated and won a Go ld Medal in Munich. I placed third in th e 1973 A ll-Around Championships and wo n th e N HK Cup in 1974. I also won the j apa n Final Tryout fo r this World Games.
E: What are your favorite events? K: Floor exe rcise and pomme l ho rse. E: How many hours do you normally workout daily? K: During th e off seaso n I spend 2!1i hours. I wo uld rest o ne da y a week. H owever, in preparing for co mpetition I worko ut 3 h ou rs daily and rest only w hen needed . Three days prior to co m pet iti o n I wo uld workout ve ry hard . E: Have you had any injuries? K : I have had man y minor injuries but no ne serious. When I worko ut hard I ge t ve ry ex hausted and tired. E: Do you have a special diet while training? K : No, I do not. When I am tired I ea t a lo t o f sa lad and m ea t. I like pastry. E: What is your favorite food? K: I have no favorite food . H owever, Ilike f ri ed shrimp. E: Do you have any hobbies? A: I love ocean fi shi ng . I go often. E: When you walk on the streets in Tokyo, do people recognize you? K: Yes, peop le o ft en do and the y ask me fo r m y au togra ph . When th ey do no t talk to me th ey would point their fin ge rs at me upo n recognizing me. E: Do you have a girl friend? K : Yes , I do. I ha ve been going steady for two Yea rs. Plans are now th at I wi ll get married in 1975. E: How does it feel to be World Champion? K: I reall y feel great as I am in t he best of condi ti on. I did m y best to win. However, I am so rry for my teammate Sawao Kato who fe ll fr om th e hori zo ntal bar and di slocated his sho ul der. E: What are your future plans? K : I will cont inue to do gym nas ti cs and w ill tr yo ut for th e Montreal Olympics. Howeve r, compet iti o n is ve ry st rong in j apa n so I must contin u e to dedicate m yse lf to thi s spor t.
9
him, and he works too wel l to be younger. The mount: Double full-punch front, coupled with Arabian l V, and double full dismount, give th e set plenty of substa nce. Coach Ziert has a man well qualified to follow Odess Lovin as leade r of the Oklahoma FX men. And with a coach well qualified to refine his movements, he sho uld be a top contender ;II NCAA. By th e way, two 10 th e top 3mcIl M e COd heed by stJII 0 1 thi s m,'gdLill e: Ziert dlld Hesso ll. We Gl11110t Ilegl ee t to melltiollLJoug Crillith . co mp etillg lor hi ~ lirst yea r at Illd ialla ::'tate Un ive rsit y. He is Oll e 0 1 the iew to moullt w ith d frollt pa~~, alld d el er hi s double baek to th e seco nd PJ~s. And he works quit e well.
1974 Midwest Open All-Around Winners: Jim Ivicek (102.60), Mark Graham (100.60), Gene Mackie (99.45), Doug Griffith (97.85), Kurt Thomas (96.40).
Midwest Championship Thanksgiving Weekend, 1974
Addison Trail HS. Addison, Illinois Men's Competition by H.J. Biesterfeldt , Jr. This meet has grown to be the largest high ca libre meet in the USA, save for the NCAA Championships. And even the NCAA meet as a rule does not have as many high ca libre performers, since Midwest is open to co llege graduates. In fact , Midwest has grown too big. With over 160 men on an event, the meet is a mad house. It is even better than the USGF Congress as a place to renew old acq uaintances. Indeed a Thanksgiving Holida y Meet is most suitable as a fun meet with lots of competitors. But the huge enrollment does not encourage outstanding performances. This Year, as last, Midwest had a womans division as well as a mens division. Thi s added to the confusion, and I have a suggest ion to help reduce congestion: How about having the preliminary competit ions in two different locations, one for men and one for women. Then have a co mmon location for th e finals. Thi s cou ld at least reduce the noise and let th e performers concentrate on th eir work. Floor Exercise: We were sorry that Oklahoma ' s Greg Buwick did not make finals. His control and body lines, as we ll as interesting combination , make him a man to reckon with . Th e star is ce rtainly Ron Re znick, formerly of Northridge and now a student at LSU. This is th e only performer who has reall y done the homework to prepare for p erformance. His 10
Pommel Horse: Th e compet ition here was to see who could lo se th e least when he fell off. Last years NCAA champ, Ted MarcY, tried to place last in both preliminaries and finals, but he is too great a horseman to get very far down the list. Prelims included a 路fall off, and a remount to repeat the same part, from th e wrong end of the horse. Finals were almost a replay . He placed 3rd, 18.15. The great Iowa State horseman, Russ Hoffman, 3 time NCAA Champ, also fell in finals to finish 5th, 18.00. Ed Hembd, 4th last year in NCAA, fell on his hop turn in w hat was surely th e most spectacular fall in a long time. I wish I had a sequence of it for our readers to enjoy. (If you see no lurther Jrticles irom this writer, assume Ed has crippled his coach for these comments.) Clearly, unmistakeably, the winner was Steve Dickey - coached by - yo u guessed? Jim Hesson, our pommel horse instruction editor. Steve mounts with backmoore travel down, back moore travel up, uses a back travel, and a walkaround dismount, all done with reasonably good extension. By the way, Steve is demonstrator for some of this month's instructional materials. Both Hanson and Poynton, finalists from Michigan, do a lot on horse, but with some execution faults.
visibly disciplined hand and arm movements really contr ibute to his overall appearance. Needless to say, doing the best double twist mount in the meet, and an outstanding double twist dismount as we ll, helps him along.
Duane West, a sophomore from iVebraska, does the tricks to win ... like his full twisting dive to hands Somehow this man looks li ke he could se ll the sets of the othe r place winners far better than their oW ll ers se ll th em. He remilld s m e so me what 01 loby "Iowse ll , though ill a differellt way. Ron deserved his 2nd pl ace finish (18.85). Duane West , a sophomore from Nebraska, does the tricks to w in . But he lacks Reznicks arti sty. With a little attention to detail he cou ld improve th e effectiveness of hi s set a alot. Tri cks lik e hi s full twisting dive to hands, and wa lk-over take real precision, and he does them we ll. Thi s meet, his doubl e back was not done we ll so he did not come up to my expectations a yea r after I first saw him doing these moves. (3rd, 18.55) Th e winn er, Don Pollard, is a junior at Oklahoma ; he was at Odessa jC th e past couple of years. He looks too yo ung to ha ve two yea rs of col lege behind
Ron Reznick, Louisiana State University, FX Champion
GYMNAST Jan. '75
Ri ck Adams, a hi gh schoo l se ni o r from Lo ui sv ill e, Ky , and an all aro und man, scored 8.8 , right up with some o f the finer horse m en of th e co unt ry . Keep it up.
ha s to b e one of co mposi ti o n. Bo th men ha ve adequate difficu lt y fo r Comp eti tio n 3, though by m y reckonin g, Digerness comes out o n top here with 9 C part s and a co mpl etelY immediate se t. He ha s no giant s at all. He does h is pike double imme di ate ly, fro m a back turn on an eagle grip , and he does it so we ll th at it looks as thou gh he w ound up for it. Well- 9.60 is no t too bad a sco re for fin als. Not as goo d as hi s sco re at NCAA fo r a simil ar but easier se t, but still a ni ce score. Theo is so technicall y so und th at he does combinations th at no one else ca n tou ch , and mak es th em look tri v ial. Co ngra tulati o n s on makin g hori zo ntal bar look lik e a great eve nt again. Ri ch Bova and Darrall Cribbs al so dese rve menti o n. Cribbs, 3rd , d id a hi gh sta rt , ove r the wrong w ay, and othe rw ise looked fairl y good, w ith a few too many irreve lant moti o ns. Ri ch Bo va gave away his chance for 3rd on his dism o unt, landing o n hand s and feet in hi s double. U p to th e dismount, he look ed lik e at worst .1 rd , and a chance at beating th e finals p erform ance of Dedrick as we ll.
Still Rings: Performances o n rin gs were a pl easan t reli ef after h o rse, with all finalists ear ning 9.15 or above. A nd as usual, th ere was on ly o ne AA man in f in als - Jim Ivicek - w ho did reasonab ly we ll but did not sh ow th e ref ined work he shows at th e e nd of season. Lea rnin g new co mpul so ri e~ may b e the reason. Top p laces: Keith H eaver, 18.95 and Pet e Bolth o f, 18.90, p laced as th ey did at las t year' s NCAA champi ons hips. Th e swin ging wo rk of Pete St udensk i, from Nebraska , was o n e o f th e outstanding as pects of the evenin g. Pete tied for 3rd w ith th e frees t swin g I have seen, and som e rough spo ts. Fo rm e r NCAA Champio n, and repeat ed M idwest winner Charle s Ropi eq u et returned to place 5th , appare ntl y not quite ba ck in shape. Joe Neuen swander of Michigan ti ed Studenski for 3rd, in a so lid perfo rma nee.
Pete Studenski, N<obraska, 3rd place tie in rings.
P ~te
Botthof, Northern Illinois Unive rsity, 2nd in
Rings
Vaulting: 'I he w illn er, Jim Ivice k, ear ned 18.325 w ith a we ll exec uted Rudi and a high but poo rl y land ed double front. Ji m att end s Southelll Illin o is U ili ve rsit y, w here thi s w rit er is ass istJ nt cOdch. 'I hank s to COJCh Ziert for helpi ng Ji m to relea rn hi s dou ble front during warmups! U nbeli evab le but tru e, o nl y Ivicek, Ko lin ek (LaCrosse) and Mi ll er had two signifi ca nt va ults to show in fin als. The o th ers still showed us Yamashitas. Second place went to Mark Trippell for a handspring f ull , with two steps, 9.2, and a Yam a H hop for a 9.1. Mill er 4th did a hand spring fro nt from th e neck, overturned to hand s and feet, and a hand sp rin g full wi th a ste p, fo r 8.8 and 9.2, and final ave rage 18.1 25. M ark Graham did a hand sprin g full w ith a giant step, and po or landin g posture, for 9.05 , fo ll owed by a Yama , ave. 18.1 5, and 3rd pl ace. I hope th at we see someth in g better from th is event in th e future. Perfor mances in finals sugges t that we may be w ell ad vised to demand two esse ntiall y different va ults from each vaulter in dual m eets. GYMNAST Jan. '75
Parallel Bars: Here, d es pite th e presence of so m e out standing gymnasts, on ly two finali sts manag ed to ea rn 18.00 o r above. Apparent ly th e competitors ju st co uld no t maint ain co nce ntrat io n. Th e w inner: A fres hman from Indiana State, home in Miami , Fla., Kurt Thomas. I am ve ry impressed with Kurt as a gy mna st, but no t b eca use of hi s p er fo rman ce in finals. As w inner, he ea rn ed on ly 8.7 in fin als. H e finishes w ith a doubl e back. G lenn Tidwell , Dou g Griffith , and m ark Graham eith er brok e badly or did nothing ri ght. Paul Hun ge ,路, Iowa State, did a stock se t for 8.40, th e 3rd highe st finals sco re, and finish ed 3rd. Top sco rer in Finals w as Jack Lauri e, SIU Senior and las t year's Midwest Rin g champ. Hi s Rudi dismount landed so lidl y, but h e had so m e form probl ems at th e beginnin g. (aga in , coac hed by one of yo ur magaz in e's in stru cti o nal staff )
All-Around: A co mpul so ry compet iti on only, w hen yo u ge t down to it. Ivice k led by 2.30 point s aft er compu lso ry co mpe tition , and no one else had a chance. Thi s is a disgrace! When Ivicek ca n return from Russia , wo rk on compulsor ies fo r 3 weeks , and win the compul so ries , th e o ther s mu st b e as leep. I ad mit th Jt Jim ha s talent , I ad mit so me prid e that he wo n. But th e ot hers shoul d be doing much better. Per haps th e o ld concentration sto rY. Or perh aps th e Turk ey left from Thursda y, still w ith th em at 9:00 AM Frid ay. Final Scores: Iv icek 102.60, Mark Graham 100.60, Gene M ac kie 99.45 (Mackie from Nebraska), Dou g Gr iffith 97.85 and Kurt thomas 96.40 (bo th I ndi ana State)
Horizontal Bar : Thi s was a two m an co mpetition between mark D edri ck o f Arizona
Theo is so technically sound that he does combinations that no else can touch, and makes them look trivial. Stat e and Th eo Dig ern ess of Co lorado St ate. mark won, 19.15 to 19.10, though Th eo won in finals by 0.5. The decisio n b etween th ese two
Jim Ivicek, 1974 Midwest All-Around Champion.
11
WOMEN'S COMPETITION by Jac k Griggs The Midwest Open Gymnast ic s Championships , out of design and organizat ion , we re not conducive to the gymnast's best performance. In sp ite of thi s, Donna Pa yton overcame the d iffi culties to w in A ll -Aro und and take fi rst in Free Exercise and Bars; D iane Grayson 's so lid performance won her the Beam compe tition w ith a 9.4 finals sco re ; and D enise Didier took vau lting with a 9.35 fina l vau lt. Women 's pre liminaries in Vault and ba rs began the weeke nd co mp etiti o n w hi ch was held Frida y and Sat u rday, November 29 and 30 at Addison Trail High School in the Chicago Suburb of Add iso n Illinoi s. The top six compet itors returne d Frid ay night for the Fina ls. Beam and Free Exercises prelims we re held Saturday morning and afternoon w ith fin als Sa turday ni ght. Dispite th e long wa it s to compete and the conf usion of a simu ltaneou s mens and womens meet, th e competitors performed well, but not to the ir potential.
Vaulting finals were by far the best scores ... in the meet, with not one vault below a 9.0. The different wa rm-up and co mp etiti ve eq uipment and th e inequa lit y in t he delegat io n of wa rm-u p tim es caused lower sco rin g by th e women throughout the meet. Do nn a Pay tall , from the Loui sv ill e Gym Cl u b, easil y wo n A ll Around H onors highl ighted by a 9.1 Free Exe rci se routin e and a 9.0 Beam sco re.
Dia nn e Grayson, soph o more at Southern Illino is Univ e rsity, 2nd place All-Around.
Di anne GraYson , Sophomore on th e Southern Illinois Un ivers it y team , took seco nd place Al l Around w ith a stron g showi ng in Beam.
In the Frid ay eve ning fin als, Donna Payton scored a 9.3 o n Uneven Parallel Bars to give her a 18.15 tota l to w in over Ko ll een Casey of the St. Pau l Turn ers who had a 17.80 Bar tota l. Vault i ng fina ls were by far th e bes t sco res recorded by the wome n in the meet, with not one vau lt below a 9.0. Denise Didier returned home to Add iso n Trail High School w ith a 9.35 round off back so m ersa ult to add to her 9.3 prelim for a 18.65 tota l to edge out Suz ie Schweider of Gymnastics Unlimited. Suzie 's Yamashita with a fu ll twist scored 9.4 , but that was not quite enou gh at 18.60. SandY Mendenha ll of Gym na stics Unlim ited and Beth Shepard of SIU also did ro und off backs and sco red 18.5 an d 18.25 res pect ive ly. Saturday eve ning fina ls we re hi ghli gh ted by a crowd pleasing 9.4 Beam performance by defending Na ti onal Collegiate Beam Champion , Dianne Grayson . SIU 's Grayson threw three solid ae ri al maneuvers o n Beam to add to her 9.2 prel im for an 18.60 fina l total. Lou isv ill e Gy m clu b 's Donna Payto n' s stradd le down to somersau lt dismount from bea m capped a str ong performance for a 9.35 fina l and a 18.35 total. Three co mpe titors came in to Free Exercise fin als with in .05 of a point of each othe r sett ing the stage for a fin al showdow n. Don na Payton and SIU's St ephanie St rome r both had sco red 9.1 in the prelims w ith In d iana State Un iversi ty' s Kathy Belford sli ghtl y ahea d at 9.15. However D onna Payton came away with the first place award and a so lid 9.25 fin al sco re. Whi le Kat hy Belford and Stephanie Stromer ti ed for seco nd p lace w ith 18.20 totals. We fee l, with a few n otable except ions t hi s season got off to a shaky start. For every talented performance disp layed, an eq uall y ta lented performer did not li ve up to expectat ion s.
1974 Midwest Open All-Around Winne rs: Donn a Payton, in 1st place, Dia'n n.e Grayson - 2n d.
Dia nne Gra yson, Beam Champion with a score of 9.4.
12
GYMNAST Ja n. '75
turischevG
Continental sports
FURTHER REPORT ON THE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS by Dr. joseph Gohler GYMNAST International Editor Organization Th e co mp etition ran tim ely (tempora l) sat isfactory. Training co nd it io ns were quite good. The are na it se lf was muc h too sm all for a world competiti o n in thi s d ay and age. The internati o nal gym nasti c leag ue h as to bea r th e consequences, fo r it los t th ousa nd s of dollars in revenue. Valuations H ow mu ch longe r w ill th e wes tern wo rld put up with thi s terri b le fraud? What happened to th e Am erican girl s o n th ei r parall el bar co mpul so ri es, but also in m any o th er cases, was sca ndal o us. Th e ho rse va ult of A nn Ca rr, th at released a 16 m inute whist lin g co n ce rt , beca use in stead of a 9.60 o r 9.70 o nl y a 9.40 was given (only the West Germa n A nn eli se Boettch er had a 9.60 wr itten down, th e Canad ian girl in co nce iva bl e also o nl y 9.40). Certainly th e bes t men as wome n, wo n, and th e seco nd best also dese rved to be vice world mas ter. But if th e Hungarian g ir ls we re the third best team and if the placem ent of Rum ani a and th e CSSR before th e USA were ju stifi ed is ve ry, ve ry qu es ti onab le. And th at eve n the j ap anese girl s pla ce d before th e USA i s a bad jo ke in th e hi stor y o f gymn as ti cs. 1 he int ern ati o nal Gymnastic leag ue (T urn erb ulld ) has to take a stronger stan d w hen m anipul ated scores are give n or incompetence is prove n. Otherwi se th e FIG w ill fa ll apar t. Performance Th e performances we re a sign of up ward developm en t in th e sport. Th e men are do in g more do uble and triple twi sts arou nd th e longitudinal ax is. Two gym nas ts have al ready prese nt ed a tr ipl e sa it o (tr ip le so mersa ult ) o n the ho ri zo ntal bar, in train in g th at we re don e w ell , th ey we re Kasa matsu and A ndri anov. But if the deve lopme nt of such n eck breaking exe rc ises co ntinu es to take it s co u rse , the n it will b e urgently necessa ry to adm it th e so ft " crash p ads" as gym nast ic mat s, as dema nd ed yea rs ago by Don Tonry, USA , in th e O lympi sc h Turnkun st (O lym pi c Gym nas ti c A rt ). Th e tr end in wo m en 's gy mn as ti cs is m o re in th e artisti c d irecti o n. Ludmill a was the victor ove r Ol ga, th e artis ti c presen ta ti o n (by technica l perfection) ove r ecce ntri c ac ro bat ic. Th e victo r over Olga Ko rb ut , technicall y without fault , w hi ch no o th er gym nast in the world could achieve. Th e m os t o utstandin g performan ces w ere o n th e op ti o nal fl oo r exe rc ises of th e Ru ss ian girl s. That th e USA girl s ca m e clo ses t-to-them was ex pl ain ed aga in and aga in in Varna . j oa n Moore Ri ce (also Dian e Dunbar) would have fi t we ll into th e fin als of th e floor co mpe titi o n, ce rt ai nl y j oa n was bett er than Ang elik a H ellm alln , who th en also was no match for th e Ru ss iall S. Evaluation of the international teams Men: japan; now as before leade r in the world of male gymnastics. Hi gh point thi s time was th e parall el bar co mpul sory exercises, wh ich we re perform ed to th e last po int o f p erfection. In opt iona l para ll el ba r exerc ises no progress was observed , howeve r th e j apa n ese have also add ed th e sid e horse to th ei r gymn as ti c domain. Th e grea t di scove ry : H iros hi Kajiyama . USSR; in spit e of a muscl e injury to Klim enko, a stro ng team was present ed in Varna by th e Sov iet Union , w ith mu ch yo ung talent th at w ill make it se lf n ot ice d by 1976. GYMNAST jan. '75
Kajiyama 01 Japan
DDR - East Germany; Aft er th e loss of Kl aus Koes te (to rn li ga men t of th e hee l) no o ne wou ld have th oug ht th at th e DDR gymnas ts wou ld mu ster such a goo d p erformance, w hi ch brought th em da nge ro uslY close to th e USSR . However on ly at th e team co mpetiti o n were th e DDR Gymna sts so路 str o n g, at th e ind ividua l co mpetiti o ns 2 and 3, th ey dropped behind remarkab ly. Hungary; With all r es p ec t to th e achi evem ent o f th e qui et yo un g tea m , Hun ga rys 4th pl ace finish mu st still b e mark ed as q uite luc ky. O nl y 0.1 5 se parat ed th e West German gy mn as ts fro m th e Hun ga ri ans. A cer tain home advantage in th e Com m un ists blo ck Bul garia was no t to b e ove rl ooked. West Germany; Eb erhard Gie nger had two bad d ays in th e tea m co mpe titi o n and alo ne los t more th an a fu ll point. But hi s victory in hori zo ntal bar reco ncil ed thi s hun d redfo ld . Th e West Germany gymnas ts mad e dist inct prog ress. Romania ; th e neighbo r of Bu lgaria was give n so man y va lu ab le tenth s o f point s, w hi ch th e japan ese, th e West German s and th e Am eri ca ns w ere fi ghting for in va in . Dan Grecu surpasse d h is co mrades clea rl y. Switzerland; w ith ou t th e inj ured Philipp e Gai lle the ach ievem en t of Jack G un t hard s tea m was great. Vock and A rn abo ldY exceeded th emse lves. USA; b eing b ehind Romania and Switze rl and by ve ry littl e is n o t an ex pr ess ion of weakness . Th e yo un g USA t ea m co ul d ju st as we ll h ave fini shed 6th . Quit e o utstand in g we re th e option al ho rse pe rfor m ances, sco res we re hi gh er than at th e end at th e trial s for Va rn a. A ve ry ho mo genous yo un g t eam. Co uld th ey on ly staY togeth er ti111976. lt is a pit y abp ut j o hn Crosby. H e ce rt ainl y wou ld have b ro ught the
Pholo by leall
Wa ldi s
tea m up to th e bth positi o n, thank s to hi s internationa l rep ut ati o n. On e advice: Th ese able stud ent gym nasts sho ul d be more se lf co nsciou s and take p art mo re o ft e n in euro p ea n co m pe titi o ns. CSSR; th e tea m was too o ld , th ere we re no grea t talent s, on ly Tann ebe rger and Tabac are ca rry in g th e hope of a b ett er gy m nasti c future. The stea d y N etusil gave a good acco unt of him se lf. Poland; since Wi lh elm Kub ica, beca u se of seve ral injuri es, and hi s you nge r broth er Sy lves ter, b eca use of a torn li gament of the hee l, left th e gymnas ti c are na. Po land , fourth at th e Ol ympi c ga mes 1972 i n M uni ch, d isa pp ea red from th e uppe r m idd le field of th e gy mn as ti c Na ti ons. Sza jna ce rt aild y had Japanese form . France; w ith H enry Boe ri o and th e 1!l yea r o ld Boutard , Fra nce w ill be h ea rd from du rin g the ne xt two years. The j apanese Okamura , Ol ympi c Gymn as t of 1972, was ev identl Y a ve ry positi ve exa mpl e. Also there was not a tenth of a point give n to th e Fr ench ; sin ce th ey co mpeted ve ry early, th ey had to ove rco m e sp ec iall y stri ct cr iti cs . jud ges w ho we re n o t ye t tired o r eve n indifferent. Bulgaria; th e tea m was too weak, to pl ace well even with th e grea t an d di stin ct h o me ad va ntage . In direc t co mpari so n, th e Bulgarian gym nas ts we re mos tl y weake r th all th e gymn asts f rom Yugoslavia, th at sin ce th e resigna tion ofCe ras and Brod nik s sa n k down to insignificance. Bori s Gregorka , Ceras discoverer and pro m o ter, is hurt mos t b y thi s co llapse. Italy; th e tea m had to renou nce Mo ntesi.and had an injured A lbe rt o l ucca , w hi ch cos t th em ove r 3 point s. Worse wa s, th at M il an etto
15
o th erw ise a gy mn ast in th e ~ Ur OpeJ ll class, to tall y mi sse d hi s o p tio nal eXf'rc ises. Great Britain; th e upward t re nd of th e gy mn as ti cs in En g land co ntin ues. You ng gymn as ts, brave gy mn as ts. But Mo nt rea l 1976 w ill m os t lik e ly be closed fo r th e tea m. Sin ce onl y 12 tea m s are pe rmi tte d th e re. Bu t N ick Stu art has no t give ll up ye t. South Korea; thi s tea m was ve r y di sa p pointin g. No Oll e m as te red th e compul so ry exe rcises. 1 he Ko rea ns o nl y ke pt up in op ti o nals, b ut stayed far be hill(J th eir achi f've m ent at Te he ran (As iati c C am es) w he re th ey had reac hed 272.60 w ith ab o ut th e sa m e effo rt , an d w ith abo ut th e sa m e gy mn as ts. In Varn a th ey go t 267.75 point s. Canada; co mp ul sor ies abo ut 17 po int s wea ker th an o pti o nals. 路1he easie r co mpul so ry exe rc ises fo r MO lllrea l are a good fo undati o n for a jump to the fro nt , but to b eco m e o ne o f th e fir st 12 w ill be hard . But a yo un g tea m ind eed, leaves mu c h roo m fo r ho p e. Finalnd; th e Ol ympi c w in ner f ro m 194!l ca m e with a wea k tea m, los t in traillin g champi o n N iss en e n and at th e co m petiti o n still H ein o nen, so th at o nl y fo ur co uld ge t thru th e exerc ises. As lo ng as th ere is 11 0 trainin g ce nt e r in Finl and w here o ne co uld practi ce d ail y, th e re w ill b e no finni sh champi o n gY llln as ts. N iss in en kee ps hi s gY)lln as ti cs thru prac ti ce in W es t Ge rm any. Evaluation of the female gymnasts USSR; Never has th ere b een a tea m to equ al thi s on e, n eve r such a b ea utiful Oll e. Never have gY llln as ts illlitated and surpassed th e b es t da nce rs as att he o pti o na I fl oo r exe rcises, of thi s w orld oClllpetiti o ll in Va m a. l h e USS R wO lll e n gymn asts are in a wor ld by th eill se ives. OOR (East Germany); Ex ce pt fo r A nge li ku H ellill ann, th e girl s o ff ered ind eed techni ca l pe rf ec t exe rcises, b ut w h ere was th e chf'e rfuilin ess and eas in ess, w he re was th e art ? Th eir tec hniqu e bro ught p o int s, b ut it appea red co ld. Maybe , th e girl s we re still too youn g. A nn e lo re Zink e, 15 years o ld, a bl essed talent. Hungary; o nl y Czasza r and Med vec ky are rea ll y wo rl d class , all th e o th ers 11 0 t b ett er th an th e gross o f th e USA elit e. But th e p o int s ca ill e re adil y to th eill . Res pect Illust be give n fo r th e ac hi eveill e nt to have re pl ace d A nik o Ke ry and Ilon a Be kes i in two Yea rs.
Romania ; it is clos e to a Ill irac le how Ill an y po int s Ro m ani as feill ale gymn asts co uld sco re in th eir o pti o nals: 1!ltl.45 that m ea ns 7.60 Illo re th an in cOlllp ul sor ies. Co reac and C ri go ras are ve ry good, but th e o th ers bl e nded in. CSSR; is o n th e ri se aga in w ith a yo un g team. Th e Ma tl ac hovas as coac hes had to do w ith o ut Sto dul kova , w ho is d o in g th e fir st d o ubl e sO lll ersa ult bac kwa rd in co mp etiti o n . Japan; th ey wo ul d have pr o bab lY go tt e n still o ne to two m o re po int s w ith Ue no; but in all th e j ap anese were no t th at stro ng. The faill o us Ma tsud a Ya illac hit a as coac h, w ill offer sOllle surpri ses. USA; w ith o ut th e d ep ress in g Illi stakes in cOIllPul so ry exe rc ises in th e cO lllin g years th e sY lllpath eti c, and in th eir attitud e, exelll pl ary tea lll o f th e USA wo uld no t h ave Ill ad e so Ill any mi stak es in th eir o pti o nals. Th e leve l of fea ml e gYlllnas tics in th e USA cou ld be see n in th e fin als w ith j oa n M oo re Ri ce, w h en she go t 37 .900 po int s. In th e fin a ls w he re no teallls pe rfo rlll ed, but o nl y mi xe d t ea ill S, all of a sud de n th e A ill e ri ca n g irl s also go t sco res . Too bad, th at j an ett e A nd erso n had so littl e lu ck. For Di ane Dun ba r th e f in als we re a pe rso nal su ccess : seco nd in o pti o nals fro lll th e 21st positi o n. West Germany; w ith an ave rage age of 16.5 yea rs was too yo un g. U ntil balance bea lll th ey we re even w ith j apa n and pressed eve n ROlll ani a, th e CSSR and Hun ga ry. Th e tea lll should staY toge th er till Mo ntrea l 197 6. Bulgaria; eve n bett e r th an th e m e ns tea III of th e host co untry, th e feill ale gY llln asts showed no thin g surpri sin g. Eve n th o ug h th e feillale gYllln as ts o f Poland we re a littl e b ett e r, th ey scored less p o int s. W ith ages ran gin g f rolll 16 to 20 th e Poli sh tea lll was a hOlll oge n eous unit, still it lac ked a to p gY llln as t to attract att enti o n, w hi ch wo uld have he lped th c o th c r gY llln as ts also . Canada ; feilla le gY llln asts we re ca u se fo r sO lll e co nve rsati o ll aill o n g th e expe rt s il l Va rn a. On e is sure, th at at thi s rate of prog ress until M o ntr ea l that th ey w ill bea str o ng tea lll. The 14 year o ld Ro p e, is an o lYlll p ic h o pefu l. Netherlands; w ith o ut th e seco nd best feilla le gymn as t va n Ri ve nstijn th e p o ss ib iliti es o f a bett e r Illid dl e fini sh we re n o t good. On th e low -sco pes o f A ilS Sill uid ers o ne co ul d see, how difficult it was fo r th e ea rl y startin g
Ho ll and ish g irl s to co me to a hi g he r po int to tal. Pe rf o rill i ng in a later g ro u p th e g irl s f ro lll th e Nea th er lands eas il y co u ld have r each ed th e po int to tal of Po land . ltaly; Th at Maria G rac ia l oso h ad to be re pl aced by th e o nl y 14 yea r o ld Bu cci, cos t th e Itali an g irl s a goo d two po int s. Surp ri sin gly wea k we re th e o pti o nal bar pe rf o rill ances w here th ey had se nsa ti o na I no tes, at th e o lym p ic ga ill es 1972. France; yo un g fe male gYllln as ts we r e Illu ch bett er at o pti o nals th an at cO lllpul so ri es. Repl ace m e nt gYlllnas t Bauill ga rt (fo r th e youn ge r A udin ) was too weak. Switzerland; handica p pe d startin g in a ea rl ie r g ro up, and by t he abse nce o f t he i nj ured Patri cia Bazz i, th e yo un g tea m lost it s ne rves and p erfo rm ed far und e r it s no rm al to tal. Coach M art sc hini was d ee pl y di sa pp o int ecd. Norway; Th e tea m was a littl e too o ld and did no t reac h quit e th e ab ilit y o f th e No rw iegan OI Ylllpi c tea m of 1972 . Neve rth eless a fin e ac hi eveill ent fo r th at sill all co untry. Great Britain; Bartl ett in stead o f Par k inso n, th at Ill ea nt a loss of 4 f ull po int s. CO lllpared to Muni ch 1972 th e p rog ress is ex trao rdin ar y. Yugoslavia ; Onl y Na tas ha Bajin Slj epi ca co uld r eac h th e int em ati o nal leve l. No p rog ress . Belgium; put up a cO lllpl ete tea m fo r th e fir st tim e, thi s alrea d y is g ratifyin g p rog ress . Th e tea lll is still ve ry yo un g, th e ave rage age no t quit e 16. Spain; A t o pti o ll als 5 p o int s be tt e r, th an at co illpui so ri es. A lso first t im e th ey had a full tea lll. Ave rage age 17 yea rs. Australia; in sp it e of substitut e gY llln as ts, an enco urag in g tea lll effo rt. The size o f th e cou ntr y hind ers int e nsive ca re o f th e talent s. Sweden; It is a riddl e, th at w it h th e hi gh leve l o f gY llln as ti c culture inthis co ulltry th e nUlllber of th e fe ill ale gy mn as ts is so sill ali. In 1950 Swe d en was wo rld champi o n at gro up gymn as ti cs , today th ey ado m last pl ace in th e wo rld challlPio nships. Summary Lack of progress in this dynamic development of gymnastics is a step back. Only those who make great progress, can keep up. Below: Dronova of the USSR and Zinke - DDR Pho tos by Jea n Wa ld is
more scenes from Varna
Gienger
GYMNAST Jan. '75
Zinke
GYMNAST Jan. '75
Photos, clockwise, starting above: Kenmotsu, Hajiyama, Andrianov, Rohner, Magyar, Molnar, Saadi. Pholo ~ by ~)\I (路11 ~ IIllOrl <lilt! JI.'dl1 Wdl t! i ~
GYMNAST
Jan. '75
. m se.e n inClockwIse action ~.t th efr18thWorid USA Tea o m uppe Ge ner Ch ampionts I ft路 Bre n ng D, an You De. bbie Fike. . e .e Ian, Way Wh im ne Ivicek,
h~Fr!;nions, St~vee ~~~har, Jay
Whelan, J
.. . h II Barosh . b Mltc e photos y .. .
Above, Olga is seen on the beam in th e back arch position she made famous. Seen in full color action on the preceeding page are : (clockwise) Vladimir Marchenko, Nikolai Andrianov, Olga a nd Nikolai in Opening Ceremonies, Galina Shugurova. Photos by Alan l evi, Tom Wakeling & Glenn Sundby
With Olga in Los Angeles by Minot Simons II The fans had already been watching her warm up for half an hour; they had even been standing around the unevens, taking p ictures of her doing her famous back som ie. Yet the moment the li ghts went dark and the show began, it was as though they hadn ' t seen her since Munich. As Olga pranced out to take her place in line, ten to fifteen thousand delirious fans screamed, yel led, and clapped in a frenzy of excitement and wi ld enthusiasm. Olga was here ! It was Chri stma s, birthda y, and first da y of vaca ti on al l ro lled into one. No event seems able to match the actua l, personal arri val of Olga for turned-on , emotiona l involvement. Making the most of the excitement of the moment, the Soviets began the program w ith an event that enab led everyone to watch not o nl y Olga but all the gi rl s performing gymnast ics uninterruptedly for about five minutes: their musical warm -u p routine. It began w ith th e girl s doing warm-up exercises, proceeded through various series of dance eleme nt s, and ended up with tumb lin g. For me it was one of the most deli ghtfu l, refreshing events of the evening . In addition } I had another reason to be pleased. Shortly after I had seen the Soviets in Varna < and as I was reflecting on their upcoming tour :0 in the Un ited States, it occured to me that 0 consider in g all we do for them, it wou ld be n ice ~ if they would do someth in g for us. After al l, between their week at EXPO last July and their
current seven city tour, they wi ll have earned a considerable portion of their annua l gymnastic budget. I was thinking, the least they could do was to give us an inkling of the secret of the ir continued success. I had to admit after watching the girls ' warm-up routine, that they
S
22
"O lga and Company" warming up.
had lifted th e cu rtain sli ght ly and had given us an insig ht into a part of their training. Not only was the gir ls' warm-up rout in e one of the most entertaining parts of the evening, but it was also a lesson in gymnastic training. . What is impressive is that it was the national team that was doing it together. These girls spend enough time together as a team that they cou ld perlorm as a team. This should al so teach us something. It is interesting to recall that just before the compulsory floor exercises in Varna , Liudmila Tourishcheva led the Soviet gi rl s in fifteen to twenty seconds of a team dance warm -up to music. The use of music was in fact one of the most notable aspects of the even in g. Pianist Sasha Makarova seemed to be plaYing at least 50% of the time. As a refreshing change, I must say I heartily approve of the use of music for g ir ls on beam and men on floor exercise. The modern rhythmic dancers delighted us as always and I was glad to see ou r EXPO friend, World Champion Galina Shugurova performing once again h er hoop dance to "Ma laguena " and her ball dance to " Love Story" . After all this exposure to modern rhythmic gymnastics, I feel that it's bound to catch on soon in th e United Sta tes. Acrobatics , of course , was the entirely new feature of the even ing. In hearing that we were going to have acrobatics, my imagination GYMNAST Jan. '75
immedi ate ly pictured a bunch o f guys mu sclin g th ems elv es up into dangerou s positions one on top of the other. Little did I expect a graceful, mu sica l dance routin e in w hi ch lifts and bal ancing acts we re blended into dancin g. Lik e th e modern rh ythmi c gy mn as ts , the acro bats now al so have th eir World c hampion ships. (The 1974 Championships in Moscow were report ed in " Gymnast 's " August-S ept ember issue.) Perhaps this is ano th e r sport that w ill catch on in th e U .S . Excep t for Alexander Maleyev, th e men were all veterans of Varna. Maleyev had been substituted for Varna tea m m em ber Safronov. In add ition , Andri anov, Klim e nko, Mikaelyan, and M aleyev were ve terans of Muni ch; Paa ta Shamu gia won the 1973 Champion s All tournam ent in London. Co nseq uently, th ey ' re a group of expe ri ence d gymnasts (average age, almost 24) who are able for all intents and purposes to treat gymnastics as a profession. Th ey di d not let us down. Th eir perform ances w ere an inspiratio n to th e man y serious, you n g American gymnasts who ca m e to watch them. Though Nina Dro nova and Ru siko Sikharulid ze showed th e e ffects o f fatigue during their performances on the bea m and in vaulting, it rea ll y did not matter. Rusiko looked graceful even when shemissed her va ult. In her exo tic floor ro utine, Ru siko is th e onlY girl I've seen who manages to maintain frequent direct eye contact with th e audience. She placed third in floor exercise at Varna. Tea mm ate Elvira Saa di, who tied Rusiko fo r third pl ace, perfo rm ed an en tire ly different routine o n th e tour than she had used at Varna. A s at EXPO, Ol ga did no t perfo rm her floor exercise. However, her b eam and bars routines were as good as ever and she stunned the audience with her splendid new twisting vaults. These three eve nts, h er part in the mu sical war m-up, amJ her ow n war min g up o n th e bars enabled everyone to fe el as though the y had really seen Olga. ConSid ering that th e applause for her uneven bars routine , the co nc luding event of the even in g, was as loud and prolonged as wh en she had mad e her intial entrance, it was obvious that th e fans sti ll loved her. In fact, th ey never see m to tire of her. With variety in the order of events and a sustained, superb standard of performance by a troupe now e ntirely th eir own, the Soviets' gymnastic exhibition ha s be en refin ed into an evening of in stru ction, inspiration , and pure entertainment. W e' ll be rea dy fo r th em again in another yea r and a half (or soo ner).
Galina Shafrova
23
OSSI on our
Co rn ell. Ho pefu ll y, oth er coac hes of new tea ms will be able to profit from m y mi stak es and sugges tion s. I arrived at Co rn e ll ea rl y (A ugust) in o rder to by Gretchen Su nderland D owsi n g assess th e faci liti es, e quipm ent , attitud es, etc. , Instructor and Gymnastics Coach, Corn ell and to mee t th e m en 's coach, Bob Mart in (a lso U nive rsity direc to r of Ith aca Gymna sti cs Cen ter for yo un g .boys and girl s). I have fou nd , in th e past, th at After spea king with many coac h es at th e th e oth er coac h ca n rea ll y help or h ind er your Congress in Chicago , and at th e exce ll ent New ow n prog ra m. FortunatelY, Bob was ve ry En gland Th anksg iv in g Clini c recentl y, I rea li ze enthu sias ti c abo ut star tin g a wo m en 's team and that th ere is a need at this time for more has since b ee n he lpful in man y ways. informat ion and co mmuni ca tion about th e . Th e ne xt step was ad ve rti sin g. Th ere had co ll ege sce ne for wo m en. First o f all , we mu st never b ee n a women 's tea m at Cornell , so th e upgrad e th e leve l of coll ege gymn as ti cs - b y stud ents had to be info rm ed of the new va rsit y communicating and ge ttin g more o rgani ze d statu s. I co ntac ted o ne of th e gi rl s w ho had among ourse lves . Thi s co lumn w ill be a step in been in th e gym na sti cs club the yea r before, thi s direction . and we se t to wo rk mak in g p o sters and ge ttin g Your he lp is n eeded . There are man y announce ment s in loca l pape rs. W e se t a situation s uniqu e to coac hin g co llege women. I m ee ting date and wa ited an xio usly until th en. don ' t have all th e answe rs o r illformatio n to Would we ge t 5 people, 15, o r none? so lve th e probl ems we ha ve, but toget her w e Well , th e big ni ght arri ve d and I wa lk ed into can help each o th er by submitti ng arti cles or th e crowded lou nge and mad e th e so luti ons whic h I w ill inc lu de in thi s co lumn an no uncement , " A nyo ne here fo r gymnastics, each month. Yo u ca n se nd in info rm ation p lease com e to th e co rn er of the room. " Th e about yo ur tea m, o r tac kl e o ne o f th e foll ow in g whol e roo mful m oved! I had 50 peopl e sug ges ted top ics: int ereste d i n th e t ea m ! I proce ede d to tell them 1. Starting a n ew co ll ege team m y goal s for th e fir st yea r team: lea rnin g new 2. Scheduling work-outs ski ll s, en joy in g gy mn as ti cs , easin g into 3. Organization of pra cti ces com p etition; gave th em my onl y re striction: 110 4. The o ve rwe ight, matur e gy mn as t sm okers; and gave th e m a form to fill out w hi ch 5. Comp eting USGF an d co ll ege - is it gave me information about their previou s pract ica l? ex peri ence, th eir goa ls (ve ry illt eres tin g) and 6. Finan cial probl ems - is Titl e IX rea ll y th eir class sc hed ul es. wo rkin g? As a grou p we di sc ussed pra cti ce tim es, 7. Di sci plin e - how stri ct ca n yo u be? goa ls, previo us probl ems as a cl u b, and w hat 8. Nutrition and co ndition ing amount of time we co ul d ex p ec t o f each o th er. 9. Th e " big tri ck" ve rsus worki ng w ith w h at We decid ed upo n th e fo ll owing : 1. we were yo u 've got goi ng to co mpete thi s yea r; 2. pra ctice wou ld 10. J.V. tea ms - do we have the lim e? be eve ry wee k day for at least two ho urs 11. Fac il iti es op tio na l on weeke nd s; 3. in o rd er to stay on 12. Is co ll ege compet iti on co nsid ered th e tea m , each girl mu st make 4 pra ctices a " seco nd class " ? week (except for illness, etc.) . 13. Choosing th e right co ll ege for the high Aft er th e fir st prac ti ce (w ith 50 peo pl e), schoo l se nior abo ut 20 of th em dec id ed (w it h m e) that th ey 14. Eligibilit y rule s sho uld take m y gymlia st ics classes in stead of 15. Should graduate stud ents be allowed to jo inin g th e team right away . Th at left abou t 30 co mp ete? wom en with fair to good skill s w ho we re w illin g 16. What are the goals of th e co ll ege coac h ? to lea rn eve rything I co uld tea ch the m. I In th e n ex t iss ue I' d lik e to publi sh as orga ni zed m y prac ti ces thi s wa y for the fir st two comp lete a li st as po ssibl e of co ll eg es w hi ch mo nth s: have wo m en's teams. Please se nd m e th e name 15 min. li ght runnin g, exer cises, st retch ing of yo ur schoo l and th e academic majors 15 min. teac hi ng tumbling bas ics avai lab le. 330 min . periods of 3 groups rotating to three Since I've ju st moved to th e East Coast (from events ( no va ulting at first - I wanted them to be California State U ni versi ty at Lon g Beach) allo w stronger, and o ur ca rp eted bo ard hadn ' t me to m ake some observations about th e arrived yet) . I told the girls w hat I ex p ected at Eastern gymnasti cs scene, and -then trY to offer each station and how to spo t, for in stance : free some information about topic #1, listed above. x - f. b . roll s and va ri ations, ca rtwh ee ls lan din g First o f all , th e organi za tion leve l in th e Eas t is on to es, e tc.; bars: pu ll overs, kips; and I very high . M eeting s are peaceful (so far !) and wo rk ed beam - turn s, rolls, ca rt w hee ls, etc. . eve ryone seems to ge t along fairly well. On e Th en the follow ing practice I wou ld take a thing that im presses me is the stro ng d es ire on different event. th e part of many club and high sc hoo l coac hes 30 min . co nditionin g, running, stretchin g. to find a good academic and gymn as ti cs co llege for th eir girl s. I ha ve fo und ev eryone to b e very fri endl y and helpful. Mimi Murray (from Springfield Co llege) is o n e p erson who stand s out; sh e has bee n a thougfrtful fr iend and a guiding help in finding o ut w hat was go in g o n in th e Ea st. Th e re ha ve b ee n man y good wee k-e nd clini cs for bot h judgin g and coac hin g throughout th e East thi s fall. My " riva l" coac h fro m across the tow n, Harri et Carnes at I th aca Colleg e, has also b ee n a help and we have atte nd ed many mee tin gs and wo rk shops together in our own area . Topic #1 is th e on e I' ll take prerogati ve to write abo ut sin ce I have ju st start ed a te am at Demonstration of use of flags fo r judging meets.
CO-ED CAMPUS COLUMN
GYMNAST Jan. '75
Eac h girl 0 11 th e t eam has a co nd iti o nin g ca rd w hich look s lik e thi s: H eight: __
M
1
W
T
F
A tt end ance We ight Jogg i ng Jump Rope Sit - ups Pu sh-ups Leg -Lift s Hand stand Stretchi ng: Ba ck Sho ul ders Legs Ph o n e___ A ddres5 _ _ _ Na me___ Us in g thi s sys tem I co uld make sure of t wo thin gs: o ne - th e girl had att end ed 4 practi ces a wee k, ;lI1el two - I co ul d kee p track of h er improveme nt in co ndit io nin g and we ight. Th ese ca rd s M e kept in a book and checked of f at eve ry pract ice. A s soon as I felt that th e g irl s we re in pre tt y fair shape, I showe d th em h ow to put toge th er rou ti ne s, gav e th em so m e of th e ruling s o n competit io n, and requ ired th em to ha ve a rou tin e rea d y to show by O cto b er 2B. Th is wa s no great hard ship to th e o nes w ho had ex peri ence d hi gh sc hoo l co mpetiti o n so I sp ent mos t of m y tim e wit h th e o th ers. O n O cto be r 2B we had an intrasquad flag mee t. At th e sa me tim e I was startin g m y tea m , I di scove red from Harri e t Ca rn es th at th ere we re ve ry few jud ges in th e area. Since she had put on judgin g clini cs in th e pa st, I vo luntee red to do o ne thi s yea r. I u sed all 15 peop le th at att ende d m y trainin g sess ion s as judges at th e flag m ee ts (a lth o ug h yo u do n 't need ex perien ce d judges for thi s type o f m eet.) I div ided m y tea m into two groups and mad e o n e ye ll ow and th e o th er, b lue. I used fo ur jud ges p er eve nt and each j udge had a ye ll ow and b lue flag . The girl s we re match ed acco rding to sk ill and performed in order (o ne from blu e aga in st o ne from ye ll ow .) Th e jud ges o nl y had to co mpare th ese two p erfo rm ances . Afte r see in g both , each jud ge raised eith e r a blu e or ye ll ow flag (o r both flags if she/ h e th o ught th ere w ere no bi g diffe rences in p erform ance). Thi s type o f m ee t goes very fas t, and it gav e m e a chance to observe th e girls in co mpetiti o n. W e corrected o ur mi stak es afte r thi s m ee t and had anoth er o ne two weeks befo re a r eal co mpeitio n aga in st ithaca Coll ege. A t thi s seco nd flag m ee t I c hose th e top six in each eve nt to co mpete in th e Ith aca m ee t. . A t th e end o f th e se m es ter I still have 30 ve ry enthu sias ti c gy mn as ts, and new un iforms, n e w equipment , and a lot o f suppo rt from m y a路thl eti c depart ment. W e ju st had o ur first off icial m ee t aga in st Ith aca Coll ege (fonne r state champi o ll s) and m y girl s pla ced int h e t o p six in eac h event and14 o f o ur sco res m et th e qualifica ti o ns fo r th e state m ee t! A ll of the hard wo rk of startin g a new tea m is ce rti anl y wo rth it w hen yo u see yo ur g irl s enj oyi ng gymna stics, improv in g th emse lves, and doin g we ll in a mee t, w in or lose. Th e nex t co lumn w ill co nsist o f co nt ributi o n s and infor mation from yo u . A re the re an y qu es ti o ns yo u have ? o r additi o nal to pi cs to offe r ? Send everythin g(!) to m e at: Wom en's Physica l Education H elen Newma n Hall Corn ell U n iversi ty Ithaca, New Yo rk 14853
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E
o ~ Mrs. Renee P. Hendershott 17605 Fries Avenue lal.ewood, Ohio 44107
news 'n notes
USGF WOMEN'S COMMITIEE MEETING November 10, 1974 Shirley Bryan, Chairman According to Mrs. Bryan , Communication is still a problem. By initiating USGF State Newsletters written by each USGF State Technical director, much progress has been made. Members of the Women 's Comm itt ee now receive not only their copy of the USGF News every other month , but they receive information more pertainent to their own area on alternate months. One major problem in communication is a lack of understanding of the network that has been set up to facilitate matters. Many people with questions or problems of a local nature send inquiri es directly to Mrs. Bryan. When she does get thi s type of inquir y she ju st sends it in the mail back to the State chai rm an in the area concerned. From the National Office, she is in no position to handle matters of a local concern. The first inquiry a person has should be sent directly to the State chairman. If the State c hairman cannot take care of the matter, then the correspondance must go to the regional level. If your questions are of a technical nature, ie. rules , ru Ie interpretation , age cutoffs etc., go to the Regional Technical Director. Correspondance concerning questions on general business ie. rules, policies etc., should go to yo ur Regional Chairman. If, for some reason one of these two officers cannot handle the problem, she will go to t he national level. Mrs. Bryan , Chairman of the Women 's Committee handles matters of adm ini stration, rules and policies, and general business for the Women ' s committee. Anything that has to do only with technical matters such as rules interpretations, and schedu lin g should be directed to Mrs. Jack ie Fie, Chairman of the Women ' s Technical Committee. During the past yea r, the USGF held fifty sanctioned Teacher Education Workshops, one hundred Judges Training Workshops, o ne hundred and twelve ce rtification examinat ions, two hundred and thirty eight Age-Group competitions. 30
May 8,9,10 USGF Junior Nationals George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia. Marva Teens. Ruth Ann McBride, 5636 Randolph Rd., Roc kville, Mary land 20852. May 22,23,24 USGF Senior Nationals, South Eugene High School , Eugen e, Oregon. Na tional Academy of Artistic Gymna sti cs. Dick Mu lvihill , 148 West 12t h, Eugen e, Orego n 97401. Feb. 14-15 1st Elite Qualifying Round Philadelphia . area. Philadelp hia GYmnastics Center. Bill coco, 8009 Rugb y St. , Philadelphia , Pa. 19150. Apr. 25-26 2nd Elite Qualifying Round Site: University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada . Reno Gymnastics Club. Mik e Flansa as, 4931 Energy Way, Reno , Nevada 89502. Elite National Championships site undete rmin ed .. bid s to be in by mid-December.
In the past, the Natio nal High School Federation has had no officia l compu lsories. Many states either did not use any or had their own compu lsori es. This of cou rse was the source of many conflicts. Now, after eleven months of negotiations, the National High School Federation has accepted the utilization of the Intermediate Leve l of the USGF/ DGWS compulsory routines. That is just for this year. We will continue negotiations and keep up the cooperation between the two groups. There have been a great number of complaints about the operating code of the USGF Women ' s Committee because of the mann er in which officers are se lected. Up to now the only elected officials are the Chairman, Secretary and Vice Chairman. All of the rest have been se lected by appointment. A new operat in g Code is being prepared and will be presented next year for approval. Essentially what it involves is that from the state level al l the way to the Nat ion al, all officials will be elected. Because people have moved or were subject to other circumstances not under their control, twenty one State Chairmen have had to be replaced in the last year. A new directory has been compi led and wi ll be published in the December issue of the USGF News. An Olympic Compu lsory packet is being prepared for the aid of the Elite coaches who are preparing gymnasts for the approac hing qualifying meets. It will consist of sheet music, reel to reel tape of the music, a super-8 color film of the exercises, stick figures, and written text. The cost wi ll be approximately $30.00. The
pa cket will be avai lable in very limited supply in two to three weeks thru the Tucson office (USGF, PO Box 4699, Tucson, Arizona 95717). The Women 's Committee took in $27,192.99 during the past year. The income is from memberships, publications, tapes , promotional items, film sales and rentals approvals, meet and clin ic returns, Expo Team Travel reimbursements and royalti es. It spent $30,014.98 with a net loss of $2,821 .99. A large . part of that expense went toward the General Fund of the USGF, and many persons ca n't understand this. Th e explanat ion is that it comes back in the form of Shirley Bryan 's salary of $9,000.00/yea r plus the $2,000.00 needed by the Women's Committee to pay their outstanding bills. So whatever went into the General Fund did come back to the Women 's Committee. The purpose of se nding the money into the General Fund in the first place is to be able to deposit in a certificate of deposit, payments of interest, etc. This has been a sore point in the past, so this should clear up the matter. judy Sloan, Secretary for membership Last year our membership was 550. This year there are 850 members. One problem that has arise n is that many people have sent in their membership money directly to the Tucson office. Many do not use the official membership form and just include the money saying that th ey wish to join the USGF. this way they really have not co nveyed the idea that they wish to join the Women 's Committee, Jud y Sloan is not notified, and these people end up not receiving the materials sent out by the Women ' s Committee. Membership in the Women ' s Committee is $10.00. It entit les you to a membership card, the b imonthl y USGF News from the Tu cso n office, and your USGF State newsletter com in g on alternate months from your USGF State Chairman. It also gi ves yo u vot ing privilege o n matters that come up concerning the Women 's Committee membership. You may obtain membership forms from your USGF State Chairman. All membership fees and forms should be sent... NOT TO THE TUCSON OFFICE .... BUT TO: judy Sloan, 9045 Meade, Morton Grove, Illinois 60053. I f you have a
Officers of USGF Women's Committee gather in the front row prior to Women's Committee meeting.
GYMNAST jan. '75
change of address, please let Ms. Sloan know directly. She will see that Tucson is notified immediately. You should also let your State Chairman know about the change.
Shirley Brydn
Mrs. Bryan In 1969 we started with 69 cert ified judges. As of October 1st, 1974, we ha ve 1600 rated judges. The new compu lso ri es will be filmed in Janu ary and released i n the summer of 1975. They will be effective as of September 1st, 1975 . In th e late spring of '75 master clinics on the new comp ulsori es will be held for our Regional Chairmen, Technical Directors and Coaches Representatives. They will be taught the comp ul so ri es so that as the film s come out, they will immed iate ly be able to help the people in their respect ive areas to learn th em . Mrs. Delene Darst Chairman of judges Training for USGF' 2133 persons atte nded USGF approved judges training clinics last year. Clinicians on Mrs. Darst 's Judges Training staff are: Shirley Ruhlman , Joanne Pasquale, Dale Flansaas, and Cheryl Wagner from Region I, Sharon Webber in Region III , Jack ie Fie and Ernie Weaver in Region IV (now moved back to Region VII , Clarion State College), Greta Treiber and Sharon Pirkl in Region V, Kitty Kjeldsen and Gail D av is in Region VI , Region VII and VIII have no cl ini cians o n h er com mittee. -Mrs. Darst did run seve n clin ics h erse lf and would like to see each region ex pand to th e po int where th ey ha ve at least two clin icians per reg ion. Judges Training clinics shou ld be app roved thru Mrs. Darst ' s office: Mrs. Delene Darst, 7678 Cathedral Hill Dr., Cincinnati, Ohio 45244. Every State Chairman and every Regional Chairman has a copy of th e Judges Training Booklet avai lable from her office. In this booklet is the approval form. When t he approva l form is fill ed out ami se nt to Mrs. Darst, she will se nd yo u yo ur approva l and a form for the clinic report to be filled out by the clinic Director, not the clinician. (The Clinic Director is the one w ho sends in for the approva l). The report includes suc h information as: how many peop le were in attendance, the date, the fee charg ed, w hethe r it was compu lsory or optional , or both , if th ere was testi ng in vo lved etc. I t too, must be sent back to Mrs. Darst. Sandy Thielz, Chairman of Teachers' and Coaches' Education Teacher ed u cation workshops may be app roved thru her by writing to : Sa nd Y Thielz, 304 Price St., West Chester, PA 19380. A Guide for the running of these workshops has been GYMNAST jan. '75
printed and is ava il ab le for $1.00 through your Regional and State Cha irman or Regional Technical Director. jackie Fie, Technical Director of Women's Technical Committee Th ere have been a number of proposals under considerat ion by th e FIG. 1. The height of the horse shou ld be raised from 110cm to 120cm. With all the new vau lt s being done now, a better afterflight can be achieved at the higher p lacemen t. 2. A ll neutral judges shou ld be used during the finals of co mpe titions such as the OlYmpic and World Games. 3. The H ead Judges shou ld come from the va ri ous continants of the wo rld in Olympic and World Game compet iti on, for better rep resentation. 4. It is felt that the point spread for preliminarY compet iti on shou ld be 9.5 -10.00 .2 8.5- 9.45 .3 7.0- 8.45 .4 under 7.0 .5 For the Finals it shou ld be: 9.5-10.00 .1 8.5- 9.45 .2 7.0- 8.45 .3 under 7.0 .4 These are o nl y proposals and cou ld be rejected by the FIG. Mrs. Delene Darst has been e lected Vice chairman of the USG F Women 's Technical Committee. A new Subco mmittee has been formed for the Age Group Program. The Chairman w ill be announced at a later date. The comm ittee will keep files on scores, and injury petitions, in order to help tie everyt hing together.
Jackie Fi e
In the future , meet directors will be required to turn in all scores to their Regional Technical Director who wi ll send them to Mrs. Fie. If the host club does not do this it will be put o n probation , wi ll not be allowed to host meets or eve n compete . In regards to protest fees, for the Age Group Program we will in sist that o ur State and Regional Chairmen set up separate tables where scores will be made known to the coac hes. Th e scores of the Sup路e ri or Jud ge plus the four othe r sco res will be made known. Protests are allowed and NO FEE shall be charged. Soon , there will be a writte n philosophy statement on the coa hces' responsibility. A Judges Training Fi lm is being done. A written manual will go along with it. It w ill not be out until the end of 1975 in Mayor June. Mrs. Fie has received many questions about how var ious skil ls (not in the Code) shou ld be
rated. A new supplement has not been printed be ca use it was thought that the new Code of Points would be comi ng ou t soon. It w ill not be coming out until January of 76. The rule interpretations wi ll be p rint ed in the women 's Committee material s. There have been no new rule changes, bu t three mor.e va ul ts have been added to the FIG List. In Ohio, the Hi g h Schools are USGF. They wi ll be using their Ohio High School state Meet as a qualifi er for USGF Regionals. Mrs. Bryan stated at the end of Mrs. Fie ' s presentation that orig inall y a very stro ng statement had come out concerning meets w hic h hold compet iti on for children who <! re nine or under. It was stated that if the USGF found that a meet that had a USGF sanct ion did have a chi ld who was under 10 years of age in it, th at the meet would lose its sa nction and become invalid as a qualifier for any higher level compet iti on. Mrs. Bryan sa id , " We do not approve or sanction a co mpetition wh ich has competition fo r anyone 9 or under. Originally a ve ry strong statement was made that if the USGF was made aware t hat any chil d 9 or under competed in a USGF meet that this would immediately make the meet null and vo id for al l who participated in it. " " However, it has occurred to me th at the othe r coaches have ente red their gymnasts in good faith a nd shou ld n ot suffer because of the imprope r entry of a nine or under gymnast by anoth er coac h." . " The Women ' s Techn ica l Committee will make further st ud y of the matter and come up with a definite statement on the matter by the 1st of the yea r in the USGF News and State Newsletters. " Mrs. Fie then mentioned that, " There has been a proposal th at there should be a creation of a committee to invest igate and explore the possibilities of a developmental program for movement or activit ies for 9 and under childr e n and to come up with recommenda tions. it is recommended that thi s comm ittee be made up o f coaches, tech ni cians, orthopedic experts, and ea rl y chi ldhood specia li sts." "It wouldn ' t be a compet ition program , but a guidelines as to what children should be doing at each level so that these children will not suffer physical problems later because th ey were doing skil ls w hi ch were physically unsound for chi ldren of seven or 8 yea rs old. " There has also been a proposal by Cal iforn ia that is being studi ed. It is felt that a team shou ld cons ist of five members. This way, two gi rl s can ' t go in and win the State Champ ionship as a team when anothe r team has qualified 7 or 8 members.
Murie l Gmssfeld
Muriel Grossfeld - The Elite Program The First Elite Sy mposium was held after th e elite compet iti on in California last year. The best coac hes in the country began pooling 31
the ir knowl edge to he lp all the Elite gym nas ts in th e United States. Video tapes we re tak en of all of the routin es. In th e ensu i ng few days after the co mpetition the coaches and judges exchan ged points of view and areas we re found w here opinio ns differed . At the seco nd sy mposium in March a number of working co mmitt ees were formed. Mrs. Trei ber heads a committee wh ich wi ll deve lop a d rill for th e USA Te am to be use d at Internat iona l co mpetit ion. M r. Reit er w ill be hea ding a co mmittee w hi ch will work ou t a ba sic prescribed set of condit io ning exercises for fl exib ilit y and strength for th e Elite gymnast. W hen as ked if so m e of t hi s va luab le informat ion ga in ed would be dessem in ated to t he lower levels, M iss Grossfeld expressed th e hope that para llel program s ca n be developed for th e Class I gy mnasts. Sh e exp lained th at w hat the Elite gymnast does w ill not always b e appropriate for all leve ls of gymnasts. Much of our prog ram is ex perimental and might prove to be eve n detrimental to the gy mn ast. We do not w ant to enu u p hurting peop le. We w ill share what we are sure of. In fact, we have already share d muc h of that with yo u." She mention ed th at th e team drill m ay be appropreate totall y for an in te rn ational team traveling abroad for appea ran ce's sake as we ll as fo r functionality in term s of th e kind of worko ut th ey have ab road. It may not be helpful totally for an individu al program at home at all.
Mildred Prc hal , on e of our o ld est parti cipatin g m embers in the sport rece ived th e Master of Sport s awa rd this yea r.
Muriel Grossfeld Introduces Our Newly Appointed Foreign Relations Committee The Committee cons ists of Frank Bare, Shirly Bryan, G inny Coco, G reta Treibe r, H erb Voge l, Dick Mulvih ill , Vann ie Edwards, and Miss Grossfe ld. l t ha s been formed to help i n the area of Eli te leve l gy mn ast ics. Th ere is a lack of funding at thi s level and it w ill be studied by th e co mmittee. Reg ion al Trainin g Centers will be set up. An honors program w ill be created fo r mot ivation and recog nition of th e Eli te gymnast. The Elite Train in g Program wi ll be coord in ated by this co mmittee. Miss G rossfe ld stated tha t com mitt ee members have been appoin ted by Mr. Bare and th at they w ill se rve indefinately. She also ex pressed the need fo r help fro m persons not on the co mm ittee. Th e Foreign Relation s co mmittee will impl ement th e progr am handl ed normall y by the Women 's Techni ca l co mmittee, usin g many sources of ta lent. Up to now th ere have been four coach es on th e Women ' s Technica l Comm it tee . Th ere are now four new ones:" Region I Da Ie Flansaas Region II George Lew is" Reg ion III Rod Hill Region IV Chi c Johnson" Region V Cap Caudill" Region VI G in i Coco Region VII Bill Strauss" Region VIII Vannie Edward s Regiona l Clini cs w ill be held either in ve ry late November o r D ecember and again on th e first o r second weeke nd in nl arch. Their main p urpose wi ll be to teac h th e Olympic co mpulsories to be used in all Elit e Competition in '75 . The compu lso ri es w ill be used even in Janu ary at th e Regiona l Pr eQualification Meets. Th e va ult is common to us' and t he bars are not hard. Th e new comp ul so ri es w ill possibly last fou r years, but they ma y be reviewed in two Yea rs. It is poss ibl e that we co ul d eve n go back to th e pres ent sYstem aga in . We won ' t kn ow unti l Montrea l. Th e Russ ians mad e up th e beam ro uti ne, and th e Ruman ians composed the floo r exercise . Th e Eas t Germ ans did th e bars an d vau lt.
Mildred Prchal receiving Maste r of Sports award from Frank Ba re
Norma Zabka Reports on Modern Rhythmic Gymnastics " W e ha ve had three yea rs of compet iti on wit h two nation al champ ions hi ps. The fir st was held in Chicago. Our two top performers represe nted t he U ni ted States in the 6th World Championship in Rotte rdam. They we re Sa rah Brumgart and Patty Flynn. Th ey sco red in the 7's and 8' s. " Our second championship was held in Chicago in May. We in vi ted an Intern atio nal Ju dge from Czechoslovakia to give us a judging cou rse just pr ior to th e compet iti on . W e now have 14 ju dges in t he U.S.A. Th ere were 23 participants at that meet and th ere was a great ove rall im provement in the qua lit y o f performance. The th ird champion shi p will be held on May 10th at San Francisco State University. Th e compu lso ri es are ava ilabl e in Tucso n. A judge s' rat ing exam is being prepa red for th e rating of judges he re in th e Un ited States . Reg iona l Chairmen ha ve not yet be en chosen.
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NAWGJ NA nONAl ASSOCIA nON OF WOMEN'S GYMNASTIC JUDGES During the USGF Congress 1974 t hi s one yea r o ld o rga ni za tion was discussed at len gth at two se parate meetings. Mrs. Shirley Bryan , chairman of th e USGF-WC, prefaced the discussion by its Na ti o na1 Judging Directo r, Kitty Kjeldson at th e closing Wome n' s Committee meeting by these statements: " As yo u know, we have 1671 USGF / DGWS cert ified judges fo r wome n 's gymnastics in the Un ited Sta tes. It was th e USGF Women ' s co mmittee which initiated the req u est for the formation of such an o rganization wh ich has been so rely needed for many yea rs. Jack ie Fie and I ha ve wo rked hand in hand wi th th e assoc iat ion from th e ve ry beginnin g. It is to b e clearly understood th at it is an ind epende nt o rgilnization. It is not a branch or a di visio n of the USGF Women 's Committee. H owever, from the sta ndpoi nt of the USGF Women 's Committee, we have pledged o ur 100% support. We are the first orga ni zat ion to do so. We have turned over to th e directors of the Association th e ass ignment of jud ges for all USGF m ee ts in th is coming season from the loca l thru t he nati ona l leve l. In thi s first yea r, we wi ll work in helpin g with tho se assignments. The assignme nt, or th e se lection of judges is ,lot a unil ate ral deci si on o f th at associat ion . Th e USGF Women's Techni cal committee was asked to d eve lope and submit th e cr i teri a for. se lection of judg es and we have a com mittee working on that. The USGF Women 's Committee has submitted c rit eria for all o ur meets. Fr o m thi s poin t o n, we have turned the respo nsib iliti es of judging assignments over to th em . Th e USGF was th e o ne who as ked for such an associa tion , the USGF is the one who ha s helped get it started, and th e USGF is o n record of 100% support and coope rat ion. We kn ow t hat t here may be so me littl e ruffl es during the yea r. It is the f irst year at trying somet hi ng new, but we are tota ll y supportive and we are req ue st ing all jud ging ass ign m ents for USGF sa nct ion ed meets to come th'ru that co mmittee. "
KITTY KjElDSEN - NAWGj National judging Director
De mon stration o f Mod e rn Rh ythmic Gymnastics
Th e fo ll owin g prese ntati o n has been prepar ed by Renee Henders ho tt from notes taken at two NAWGJ meeting s at th e USGF Co ngress. Th e Nat iona l Assoc iation for Women ' s Gymnast ic Ju dges is a professional organizat ion for men and women who are ce rtifi ed USGF / DGWS judges of women 's gymnastics. In th is first yea r o f its ex istence, t he main work of electing officers has proceeded f ro m N ation al, thru Regional and State leve ls. Th e Regional Judging Directors have co nducted elect ions in their own regions. The list of State Judging D irectors w ill be completed ve ry soon and pub li shed in all ava il ab le media. In ju st a few states there were too few j udges o r not enou g h pe rso ns wi llin g to accept a posi tion , the State Judging Directo rs h ad to be appOinted . Otherwise, all officers are to be
GYMNAST jan. '75
elected and wi ll serve two yea r terms. Odd numbere d region s w ill ho ld elect ion s eve ry other odd year and even - nu mbered regions on alte rn ate eve n years . The Associat ion wi ll se rve you and its membe rship in a number of ways: At th e req uest of any organ izat ion, we wi ll assign USGF / DGWS certif ied judges from among ou r membe rship on a rotationa l basis to meet s of a dual , triangular, local, district, secti ona l, state, regional, and national nature. AIAW and USGF have alreadY requested this service for the 1974-1975 seaso n. The NAWGJ will ass ign judges for A IAW Nationals and USGF meets at eve ry level including Elit es. (S in ce judge s have already been ass igned for severa l USGF sa nction ed meets on the lower le ve ls, t he serv ice w ill be used o n a random ba sis for USGF mee ts t hi s seaso n). Th e organization requesting judges mu st prese nt NAWGJ w ith the criteria it w ish es to be used in dete rmining e legibi lity of j udges. Th e AIAW has alreadY presented its criteria and th e USGF-WTC is work in g on the crite ri a to be used for all leve ls of USGF compet iti o n. If a request for judges comes in for a national level meet, it is sent d irect ly to Ms. Kjeldsen , Nationa l Ju dging Director. From the national Office, co pi es of t he cr iteri a and a letter wil l be sent to each Reg iona l Judging Directo r. Ea ch RJD w ill recomme nd judges from her Reg ion on a rotational basis, by letter, to th e nat iona l Judgi ng Director. After rece iving th e approva l from the Nat ional Judging Direc tor and th e Meet Dire ctor th e RJD th en sends th e contracts to the judges who sig n and send the contracts to the Meet Director. Keeping one for himself, the MD signs the cont racts se nd s one to th e Nat iona l Judging Directo r, and one to th e Judge. This way th e judges are assured they w ill be paid the correct amount, and the MD is assured he wi ll have hi s judges o n the day of the meet. Thi s is th e way it wi ll work on all leve ls. Only on th e Regional level , th e requ es t and criteria wil l be se nt to the Regional Ju dg ing Directo r who wi ll nego tiate wit h her SJDs for judges, etc. Any o rgan izatio n is invited to use this serv ice of the NAWGJ fo r which there will be a sma ll fee . Once the NAWGJ is fully orga ni zed , th e assig n me nt of judges w ill be only from w ithin its membersh ip. As has bee n known for a long tim e, th ere are many prob lems i n judging in internationa l circles. Th e same problems exist ri ght here at home on a sma ll er sca le at all leve ls. Th e NAWGJ wi ll try to do as much as possible to cu rb these p rob lems by arb itration between ju dge and coach or meet director in vo lved or by disci plinary action on its member when ca lled for. It w ishes to hear at the State, Region al, or even Nat iona l level about any already ex hi stin g problems in yo ur area. 'Th e li st of SJDs is not yet com pl ete. For now yo u ca n contac t yo ur Regional Ju dging D irector or Ms. Kj eldse n about any ex isting probl ems, and if you, as a rated judge, would like to have a vo ice in the h andling of such matters and also w ish to be event uall y assigned to the meets that the NAWGJ wil l be cove rin g, we ask th at you p lease join . Your SJD has the forms you wi ll need to fill o ut. For the present yo u can contact her t hru your RJD. Membership dues are $15 .00 per year fo r th e judge s with a Regional or Natio nal ratin g. For those wi th other ratings, the fee is $10.00. All checks sho ul d be made out to M rs. Betty Sro ufe, Natio nal Treasuree and se nt along w ith the fill ed out form to yo ur own State Judging Director. GYMNAST Ja n . '75
National Judging Director: Ms. Kitty Kjeldsen 17 Meadowbrook Dr. Had ley, Mass. 01035 413-253-5982 National Secretary: joanne Asc he nbre nn e r 8046 Boatswain Lane Lo ng mont , Colorado 80501 National Treasure r: Mrs. Betty Sroufe 2096 Ro ll ing Hill s Blvd. Fa irfield , Ohio 45014 513-892-1808 Regional Judging Directors: Region I: judy Smith 8380 0 Northwood Dr. Concord , Califorllia 94520 Region II: Arlen Crossman Rt. 2 Box 116 Lebano n, Oregon 97355 Region III: ju dy Bodman 1120 Edinboro Dr. Boulder, Colorado 80303 Region IV: Dr. Mary McLe llan 1525 State St. LaCrosse, Wiscons in 54601 Region V: Linda Morton 4187 Green Meadows Blvd. Apt. 11 Ypsilant i, Michigan 48197 813-973-0470 Region VI: Gail Davis 119 York St. Guilford , Conn. 06437 203 -453-6240 Region VII : Betty Lou Breeze 14229 Hi-W ood Dr. Rockvi ll e , MD 20850 Region VIII : W ilma Guy Rt. 4 Box 120 Birmingham, Alabama 35215
We urge all rated jud ges to become members of th e Judges association, because event ua ll y, and as soo n as poss ible, we will be se rvi cing ou r m embe rship o nl y. W e are putting a lot of t ime and ta lent into these jobs and we do n ee d your support. For example, there ha ve already been two meetings of all of the nationa l and Reg ional Officers. They came at the ir own expe nse, and have spen t mu ch tim e in wo rkin g ou t th e cons titution and By-laws and a Code of Ethics for judges. NAWGJ is r ea dy to present th eir case for a vote on the USGF Govern in gCou ncil. This will give every rate d judge a voice that wi ll eve ntu all y be heard in th e proper chambers. The Regional people h ave run e lections for State Judging D ir ectors and begun memb ership dr ives at th eir own expense. Th e m embership has voted itself to be co mpl etelY sepa rate from the USGF Women 's Committee and the USGF Women 's Tec hnical Committee, and thi s automatica ll y cuts them off from any fundin g from th e USGF. Of th e dues that members send in, the Nationa l Office will r etain o nly 25%,75% w ill b e se n t back to th e Reg ional Ju dging Direct o r. She wi ll, in turn , reta in 25% and send 50% right back to th e State Judging Directo rs. Th e money wi ll be used to help to run judges' tra ining and refresh er c lini cs for rated judges who need to update themselves. These wi ll be run in co-operation w ith th e USGF Judges' Train i ng Co mmittee headed by M rs. De lene Darst. Th e SJD's w ill, once t hey get o rganized, sen d out bimonthly n ewsletters containing judging in formation on all levels in cluding FIG and USGF Technica l Rul es and interpretat ions .
when po ssib le, f in anci al aid w ill be given to peop le from the var ious states and regions to att end National or Interna ti o nal courses such as the one h eld in Wash in gto n D .C. this past summer. Thi s w ill be for judges who have the qua lifi cations required b y peop le w ho are running the courses . It is hoped that enou gh money will be left to pay travel expenses of officers required to attend meet in gs of the organ ization. Th e Code of Ethi cs bei ng written now w ill be followed and enforced at all levels. Any un eth ica l conduct of officers or members w ill be presented to the appropriate Governing board . Fo ll ow in g a hearing, a member, D irector, or Officer may b e withdrawn fr om her position and membe rship in the Association. The code will be d istribut ed soon to all State Judging Associat io n memb ers. Members of the association are to be co nsidered professio nals. Th ey have put a lot of tim e and money into getting a rating and are ex pected to attend refres her cl ini cs, keep up to date, and be members in good sta nding in the jud ging associatio n. We w ill offer a professional product and hope that meet directo rs w ill treat th em w ith prof ess ional co urtesy. A national ju dging con tr act is be in g deve loped and wi ll be availab le soo n. We will also be working o ut so m e agreeme nt s for judgin g con dition s, fe es, lengt h of session, etc. in coope ration w ith the coaches at different levels. We hope that jud ging fees can be standardized throughout th e country. For the present we ha ve adopted th e fees recomm end ed by the USGF-Womens Comm ittee: Per Session (2-2 V2 hours) FIG Breve t and FIG Natio nal National Reg iona l State and Loca l Assoc iate Apprent ice
$25.00 plu s 12<t/ mil e plus $LU.OO/ d iem $25.00 Dlu s 12<t/m il e plus $20.0u/ d iem $15.00 plu s 12<t/ mil e $10 .00 $8.00 $5.00
A ll Active Stat us Rep o rt s of members must now be se nt to th e State Judg ing Directo rs, who wi ll se nd them on periodi ca ll y to the Certification coo rd in ato r. Non-members shou ld se nd them thru the normal cha nnels. (Directly to th e Cert ification Coordinato r). Since on ly rat ed judges ma y become members of the Associat ion, th e question has arisen abo ut the po ss ibility of all owi ng unrated judges to receive the newsletters. This was discusse d at lengt h. Th e USGF State Cha irm e n wi ll be sen din g out in th eir newsletters most of t he information yo u w ill need. Th e USG F is still in charge of tra i n in g new judges and admin iste ring judges ' certification exams. Offi ce rs in the NAWGJ wi ll not at present, admin ister th e exam unless ' they hold a Test Admin istrator status from another so urce. The USGF will keep yo u adaquatelY inform ed an d ass ist you in you r initial trai nin g. So, we urge unrated judges to join the USGF Women's co mmittee. When yo u become a rated judge, NAWGJ w ill take yo u from there and see to it that you are kept up-to-date and assigned to meet s etc. We also urge our members to retain or initiate their m embership in th e USGF Women's comm ittee . The USGF is 100% in support of us and we mu st give them o ur 100'10 support!
33
Fig. A
2
3
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(Instruction:
8
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>The Side Travel
James Hesson University of Nebraska This is an article for those who have taken the time to develop good double leg circles. As indicated previouslY any attempt to learn circle tricks before learning circ les w ill only result in inconsistency, frustration and bad habits. What constitutes good double leg circles? If you are able to perform 10 consecutive circles with good balance, timing and form every time you get on the horse, you are ready to begin work on individual tricks. The first travel to learn is the basic side t ravel because there is only a sideward movement involved and no rotation of the shou lders to add to the confusion. This movement begins with the legs in front of the horse and one hand on each pommel , it ends in the same position one ci rcle later but on a different part of the horse. Refer to the photographs of Steve Di ckey and H al Traver (8 ig 8 Pommel Horse Champion 1974) performing the sid e travel. (Traver 8-2, 8-8) (Dickey D-2, D-8) 8egin by moving the left hand back to the middle of the pommel after the legs pass under th e left ha nd. (8 -1 ,2) (D -1,2) Then add a bit of extra bodY ex tens ion to the left front of the circ le. (A -2, 8-1, C-2, D-1) There is an opening of the angle between the right arm and the bodY. Notice th e difference in the angle between the right arm and the body and that of the left arm and the body. (A-2, A-4) (C -1 , C-4) It
34
Fig. B
4
may be observed that the body staYs much closer to the left arm. This is a very subtle movement and almost imperceptible. Do not make the extension exaggerated or jerky. It is much like a minute hand on a clock , it arrives smooth ly but you can not see it move. Most of the shift to the left comes when yo u have the feet in front of the bodY and both hands on the pommels because it is at this point that you have the widest base of support and the best leverage for initiating movement. (A2,3,4) (C -2,3,4) From here the head appears to turn sli ghtlY to the left in order to preceed the bodY to the balance point. A line through the shoulders from left to right should remain parallel to the long axis of the horse. The most common error on the sid e travel is letting the right sho ulder drift ba ck behind th e lef t shoulder and the horse. As the legs pass the right end of the horse it is impo rtant to move the should ers well forward of the horse. It is very difficult to move the sho ulders too far forward and ex treme ly rare to see a performer fall off of the front side of the ho rse o n a side t rave l. It is, however, very common to see performers fa ll off of the back side of the h orse. The right hand should be placed on the front of the pommel just ahead of the left hand as soon as possible w ithout interrupting the f low of the circle. (A-5, 8-4, C5, D-4) We have now reached the crit ical point of a good side travel. The performer should reach a straight body balanced position with the center
of gravity directly over both hands firmly gripping the pommel. (A-6, 8-5, C-5, D-5) If this balanced position is reached with a firm grip of both hands the performer will control the st unt. if this position is not reached natures physical laws wi ll assist the horse in the removal of the performer. From the ba lance point on the pommel co ntinu e the ci rcl e to the end of the horse staying close to the pommel. On the last half of the movemen t there is very little shift toward the end of the horse. It is desirable to stay close to the pommel since this position keeps the perform er higher above the horse. Thi s has a better appearance, adds to your contro l and makes it easier to lift the center of gravity back to the middle of the h o rse since horizontally and vert ica ll y it is closer. Th e double leg circle shou ld maintain a level plane of rotation throughout th e movement and the hip s should not be allowed to roll excessively but rather remain facing as nearly fo rward as possible as they do when perform in g good double leg ci rcl es. (D -4 Good) (8 -4 Undesirab le hip shift but good shou lder position) Remember t hat you do not thr ow the body to the end of the horse but rather think of the movement as a step to the pommel and a step to the end. The key to performing the side travel consistent ly is the balance and contro l point over th e pommel. (A-6, 8-S, C-5, D-5) StudY the pi ctures carefu lly and review them over and over as you learn the movement.
'!1
GYMNAST Jan. '75
Improper of flight
Figure 2
Improper bandspring technique (walk out)
Knee assists in accepting landing impact
Proper angle of flight
Impact on heels
Figure 1
Improper ng technique (two foot landing) By W.P. Wortman
H andspr in gs resu lting in a two foot landing should not be taught to the beg inning gymnast. Though a hand spri ng to a two foot landing is an importa nt part of compet itive gymnast tumbling ski ll s. It sho uld not be taught to a beginning gymnast until the development of handsprin g mechanics are effic ient eno ugh to enab le the gymnast to " walk o ut" . Even after proper mechanics have been lea rn ed , ca re must be taken to in sure that the gymnast makes his landing co ntact on the balls of his feet, rebo undi ng upward , and does not accept the impact on his hee ls no r attempt to " stick " the landin g. After seve ral yea rs of coaching gym nas ts from th e begilln e rs stage to nati o nal co mpetition , it has bee n o bse rv ed that th e gym nas t w ith poor front hand spring mec hanics, who co nsiste ntl y exec u tes the front hand spring to a two foot landing, tend s to incure low back pain w hic h may ex tend d ow n
GYMNAST Jan. '75
Rebound upward no heel impact
Figure 3 Proper handspring technique
through the ihigh s, thu s inhi biti ng their ability for fl ex ion , exte nsio n, alld sustained wo rk outs. Th e problem results from th e position o f impact at landing . Should the gy mn as t co me in short or o n th e heel s, receivi ng im pact shock , the shock is tran smitted st ro ngl y from the hee ls, up through the legs, to th e area of the forth and fifth lumbar ve rtebrae and sacrum (Fig. 1) . Continued occurance ca n ca use in ter vertebral disc infl amat ion and destruction, sc iatic nerve irritation, and intense pain of the lower ba ck muscles, gluti als and hamstri ngs. Learning proper h an dsp rin g mechanics by first developing .the handspring " walk out" allows th e beginning gymnast to repeat mechanical errors mad e in the lea rnin g process without incuring injurY to the lower back region. Should th e beginner gy mn ast co m e in short and o n hi s h ee l whi le p erfo rming a handspring " wa lk out ", the lead leg w ill dissipate the shock to the lowe r back reg ion by
Figure 4 Spotting technique #1
Figure 5 Spotting technique #2
fle xin g and th e gym nast motion wi ll cont inu e forward (F ig. 2). Proper handspring mechani cs allow the gymnast to project an arc of fli g ht enabling h im to reach an ang le of impact for th e balls of th e feet to make floor con ta ct, thus project ing an upward spring through the rebound act ion of the feet , ank les, and knees. (Fig. 3). Th e shock to the lower back region is eliminated . The front han d spr in g "wa lk out " (a nd two foo t landing ) may be easilY spotted by kneeling in the path of th e gymnast and providing assistance at th e mid-back for flight (F ig. 4), or standing and blocking th e mid-bac k area for fli ght (Fig. 5). I n both incidences th e gymnast is propelled upward allowing h im or her to descend in suc h a matter as t o n ot impart shock to the lumbar region. As the gym nas t becomes more proficient in h is handspring technique, the hand spr in g to a two foot hand in g may be introduced without the percentage of chance for pot ential injury.
rf 35
rub DEAR READERS, As promised last month, we'll try to answer the questions you ask most often in this oolumn; Many of you 11ave asked for the names of gymnastio olubs, ooaohes, sohoo1s, and summer oamps in your individual areas. Unfortunately, there is no . direotory available wh i oh lists them all. That is why GYMNAST is planning a new DIRECTORY SECTION in the magazine where all these olubs, oamps, ooaohes, and sohools you seek oan have themselves l isted so you oan find them. Meanwhile, we do lia ve one souroe for this information , maybe it would be possible for yo u to obtain a oopy. In 1973 The United States Assooiation of I ndependent Gymnastio Clubs (USAIGC) put out a direotory, listin g olubs eto. by state. In 1972-73 the USAIGC President was Tom Heineoke, 540 N . Hydraulio, Wiohita, Kan . 67213, . ~16-262-0900. Possibly Mr. Heineike 01' your own Regional 01' State Tedmioa1 Direotor oou1d tell you how to obtain a oopy ofthis.direotory, or possibly a 1110re reoent edition . Also you may be able to find the following books in your sohoo1 library, or your publio library: Porter . Sargent's handbook " Guide to Summer Camps and Summer Sohoo1s" New York Times " Guide to Summer Camps for Teenagers " Patterson 's "Direotory of Amerioan Eduoation, " whioh lists sohoo1s and oolleges. The seotion on physioa1 eduoation should contain the names of sohools w hioh ino1ude . cqurses in gymnastios. A number of you have asked for material on · the .history of gymnastios. That 's a pretty broad subjeot to try to oover adequatel y in a single vol ume. Various writers have dealt with individual phases of the sport, and ·G YMNAST JJas published artio1es from time to ti me on the subjeot. Cheok the referenoe section of you r . l ocal library, and we 'll be happy to send yo u our index of GYMNAST artic1es .fol' $1.00 pel' oopy. We 're gettin g .a lot of oomp1aints about non-deli very of GYMNAST, and you know what? We'renot a bit surprised. You should see the mailing l a bels we get baok f1'.om the post office marked, "Moved, left no· address, " "A ddressee · unknown," " Address incomplete ," and "Not ferwardab1e ." When we s.end yo ur magazine to an address where you aren 't, the post offioe does not forward them. and it does not return them to us; they are des troyed. \ So, . p l ease . advise us immediately of every change of address, so you won 't miss issues, because we can't .rep1aoe t11em without ohiU'ge. Send us both the old and the new addresses, and allow fo u r to six weeks for the ohange to be made in our computerized m ailing . . And a word about the new s ubscription rate: ten dollars pays for a full year - 12 issues. Those of you who have sent in $7.50 will receive ten issues, so don 't be surpri sed when you reoeive a renewal notice before another year has passed. Till n ext month , th en, I remain Devotedly yours, Ruby
36
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helen's Helen Sjursen
that casua l have always thought co nve rsatio n with jud ges or coac hes, at a meet o r whereve r, often un cove rs in terest in g facts. The follo w in g is one of them , discovering the fact that so me judges eron eou sly had bee n ca nce llin g o ut t he superior rat ing of a tri ck w hich rating is still in effect: Some time ago, a new tri ck (Trick #1) was rated as " superior "
Catch HB in long hang
V, turn a nd stra ddle
Jump
"back" Trick #2
When t he rating on Trick #1 came out, th ere was NO ment ion of any rat ing change on Trick #2. Besid es, th ese are definitelY 2 different tri c ks, one taking Y2 turn " before" st radd ling and the other tak in g Y2 turn "a ft er" stradd li ng . Changes in difficu lt y ratin g ca n be made only w hen th e not ice o f cha nge comes from an "offic ial" source. I am strongl y in favo r of the governi ng body designating on ly ONE p ubli ca ti on , preferably t he USGF News, as th e official pub licat ion to look for changes in rul es, ratings, etc. w ith the understanding no chan ge is officia l until once p rinted in such a publication. In this way the entire USA has access (by subscribin g) to change notifica tions, rath er th an pass on changes at cl ini cs where only a sma ll perce ntage is involved .
o
Stand on LB
" Front" straddle ove r HB
by v, turn, catch HB in long hang
Trick #1 As soo n as this tr ick was introduced as a superior, so me judges just took it for granted that the " jump Y2 turn , stradd le 'ba ck' to catch in long hang" (see Tr ick #2) was no lon ge r superior.
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GYMNAST Jan. '75
.... = center of gravity
VERTICAL VAULT
ON TItE MOV WiTIt FRiT~/ By Fritz Reiter Ju dging the bent hip stradle seems to present a prob lem. Gym nasts, who on th e o th er 3 even ts are capab le of perform in g 8.00 pt s. or better compu lso ry routin es, do no t seem to be ab le to accomp li sh th e sam e in va ultin g. Thi s is not to say that o ur judges are doing a bad j ob o r th at th ey al l lack und erstanding in va ultin g techniqu es . More likel y than no t th e p robl em might b e found in th e tab le of p enalties it se lf, and in th e acco mp ani ed st ick fi gures w hi ch may mi slea d or m isg uide most of our hard work ing and hon es tl y tryin g judges. W hen we read our compu lsory book wit h rega rd s to t he pena lties for the bent hi p strad le, and whe n we attempt to deve lope th e be st tec hni ca l execution for it, w e find a lack in t he choi ce of th e wo rd s in th e area of the preflight and repulsion. Th e pena lti es for lack of repulsion on a HANDSPRI NG (c lass I comp ul sory va ul t) are li sted with ... 2.0 pt s. Rem ov ing hand s too late ... up to 0.5 pt s. Insufficien t height of repu lsion .. . 1.0 pt. That m ea ns that for o n e and th e sa m e thin g 3.5 pt s. are provided. W e of course r ea li ze that we shou ld not double deduct!! If we look ove r th e p enalties in th e area of repu lsion, concerni ng t he BENT HI P STRAD LE, it covers areas such as: fai lu re to p lace h ands o n top of horse - up to 0.5 pt s. bending arms - u p to 1.0· pts. and late pu sh off wit h hand s - up to 0.5 pt s. You w ill agree that non e of th e above three items refer· direc tly to REPULSIO N . Interes tingl Y en oug h th e code see ms to att empt eve rything to avoid repul sion. HOW : 1. If yo u fa il to p lace th e hand s o n top of th e horse and if yo u r u n fast eno ugh yo u w ill find that yo u can get bett er repu lsion. 2. If yo u bend yo ur arm s there w ill b e no repulsion at all , on ly a " fa ll off'; - provid ed yo u have spee d - . . 3. Th ere is no such thin g as a late push off w ith hand s. Onc e th e cente r of gravity has pa ssed the hands yo u can not REPULSE o r PUSH an y mor e - at least not of any signifi cance. Th e code does no t pena li ze ac tu al lack of Repulsion. GYMNAST Jan. '75
Bent Hip Strad Ie
Yet it is REPULSION togeth er w ith HOR IZONTA L RUNN ING SPEED that pro vid es a good afterfli ght. And und er Afte rflight it spec ifi cally stat es : " Failure to co mpl etelY extend bodY befor e landing ... up to 1.5 pt s. d edu ct io n." Th e Drawing also d oes not show balanced pre- and after-flight as " REQ U1RED" , rath er shows a " fa ll " from th e horse (tr ace th e ce nt er of grav it y, w hi ch for th is· ge nerali za tion is located somewh ere arou nd th e be ll y button ). And thi s is precise ly w hat mos t gymnas ts are doin g - a so mewhat co ntroll ed " fal l' off th e horse . Fo r som e tim e now, we have be en worki ng with o ur cl ass II I gymn as ts on a tech nique th at finall y prod uc es som e resu lt s. (However it doesn 't fit th e " code " , and as a res ult th e sco res ha ve no t improved yet.) On abov e draw ings th e gym nasts body, doi ng a ho ri zo nta l va ult, rotat es onto th e horse in a clockwise and off th e horse in a co unterclo ckwise direction. In t hi s case, if th e rot ationa l fo rce going onto th e ho rse is too stro ng (w hic h usua ll y is th e case wh en th e hips are we ll above th e shoulders at th e moment of co ntac t, and th e girl ha s had a fa st run) th e gy mna st wi ll not b e able to accomp lish a REP U LS ION. Sh e probab ly wi ll be leavi ng th e horse with the shou ld ers we ll in front of th e hand s, and th e ce nter of gravit y wi ll not prescribe th e d esired arc i ncludin g a cu lminat ion point. It also w ill not all ow th e gymnast to ex tend h er bod y comp letely before landin g.
HIP RISE DUE TO REPULSION
Si nce th e AFTERFLIGHT is th e result of good runnin g speed and rep ul sion, we ca n assume th at th e " ex te nding of th e bod y" 'in th e aft erfli ght is th e m os t difficu lt p hase to accomp li sh. We can th en co nclu de that , if we had m o re TIME ava il ab le to arrive in an ex ten de d pos iti on, i t co uld be accompl ished easier. A tec hni q ue th at wo uld poss ib ly give us thi s " TIM E" cou ld b e looked-at as superior to those that ca nnot p rov id e this ex tra TIME. Aft erf li ght s with an ARC pro vide th is TIME afte rfli ght s w hi ch resemble a FA LL, do no t. I men tion ed ea rl ier th at the " Cod e of p enalties" may use a bad ch o ice of word s. If: " FA IL URE TO LI FT H IPS" ca nbe in terpreted as: " NO HIP RISE " in th e fli gh t pha se, th en th e judges co u ld b e looking for th e amoun t of upfli ght accomp lished in th e AFTER FLIGHT and co nclud e o ut o f t hi s o bse rvatio n h ow mu ch REPU LSION a gy mna st was ab le to do. (W e app ly thi s to al l o th er VAU LT ING). Thi s wo uld not neccessa ril y mak e the ex istin g code of p enalti es obso lete (a lthough a rev isio n wou ld be bett er) b eca use if a gym nast ·ca n acco mpli sh to li ft th e b ent hips durin g th e pr efli ght ve ry hi gh above th e should ers and stil l ex tend th e body in th e afterfli g ht , and also trave l in d ista nee; th en sh e pro bab ly is a su perior va ult er and sh o uld receive the hi ghe r sco re. In co ncl usion I wo uld li ke to offe r to the coaches and to th e · judges the illustrations print ed in th e Compul so ry book , leavin g o ut th e sec ond figure from th e left ; as th e desire d form of techni ca l execution. ~
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DR. H.J. BIESTERFELDT, JR. "GYMNAST" RESEARCH EDITOR Athletics Department- SIU Arena Carbondale, Illinois 62901 USA
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EDITORIAL COMMENTS This paper gives a clear exposition of the basic facts about conditioning and training in gymnastics. Too little attention is paid to interval training in this sport, despite strong indications of its value. Indeed there is a very good reason to believe that the short act ivity periods suggested are very effective. I trust you will find the article both interesting and instructive. HJB THE SPKIFICITY OF GYMNASTIC TRAINING Tommy Boone Assistant Director, Human Performance Laboratory Department of Physical Education Wake Forest University Introduction The gymnast ic coach is characterized by continuous flow of direction s for the format ion and maintenance of gymnastic skills. His knowledge of coaching techniques and gymnastic training programs are essent ial for developm ent of excell ent gymnasts. It is on this point, namely, gymnastic training, which this article is concerned since the specificity of energy sources is a very important concept of training. ENERGY SOURCES Depending upon the intensity and duration of an activity, one energy souce (ATP-PC, lactic acid: anerobic, oxygen-transport: aerobic) can apparently predominant the ' other two ene rgy sources. Hence, each coach must determine the most important energy source required for successfu l training and performance in his sport. Since the energy sources for a given performance (activity) are time dependent (Mathews and Fox, 1971), one simpl y must determine the duration of a given act ivity and tra in accord ingl y (Keul, et aI., 1972). ATP-PC System The sport of gymnastics requires maximal muscle contractions for on ly a short duration (e.g ., less than 30 seconds). Alt hough there are insufficient data at present on gYmnasti c training (especia ll y concerning the specific energy sources that support gYmnastic movement), it is generally accepted that th e energy-rich phosphates in the muscl e ce ll supp ly activities of short duration. If a gymnastic performance is, in fact, a brief exercise period, genera ll y less than 30 seconds, then an increase in A TP-PC content (as we ll as myofibrils) would appear to enhance th e performance capac ity of th e gymnasts.
Mathews and Fox suggest that the A TP-PC sYstem can function at an increased efficiency . That is, via interval training, the ATP-PC sYstem c~ n be reutilized withOIl\ a major f'levatio n of the lactate leve l. Logica ll y, the relief interval governs th e extent to which th e lactic acid sYstem is used. In fact , to avoid the sp littin g of glycogen to lactic acid, the relief interval should be seve ral minutes in duration whi le the work in terva l should not exceed 30 secon ds or the lacta te level w ill rise due to a moe intense breakdown of glycogen (Sa ltin, 1973).
Lactic Acid System Hence, a work period of 1-3 minutes is more dependent on glycogen and carbohYdrate metabolism than the synthes is of phosphagen stores. In creased glycogen reserves and the glyco lytic enzymes enhance the anaerobic capac ity of the athlete. This type of training is benefi cial for a sp rint er, e.g. , 100 or 200 ya rd s, but the p erformer mu st sufficiently tax the glycolytic sYstem to warrant an improved performance. Th e rest interva ls should be 4-5 minutes in duration (Astrand and Rodahl , 1970). After, e.g., 4 times, the increased lactate apparant ly results in fatigue due to the changes in the pH which eventually limits the ava ilability and utilization of the A TP-PC system. Oxygen-Transport System A wo rk period of 3 minutes up to hours of con tinu ous work with large muscle g roups improves the oxygen-transport system (aerob ic capacity). Endurance training improves the oxidate capacity of the ce ll s (Keul , et al.). For this reason , lactic acid does not accumulate. And , upon co ncluding the work interval , it is not necessary to be ex hausted to elicit the des irable physiological changes indicative of an improved cardiovascular sYstem. INTERVAL TRAINING IN GYMNASTICS Interval training in gymnastics is probablY the coach 's best means of training his gymnasts. The interval method w ill help to cor rect inconsistencies (e .g., unmeasured work and rest intervals) which often result in pre-mature ex hau stion. With interval training, a max imal work load is, in effect, converted into a submaximal one in which the athlete is more able to respond under steady-state condit ions (Astrand, et aI., 1960) . For this reason, the potential benefits of interva l training in rehabilitation medicine are much greater than the benefit s d erived from co ntinuou s work (Smodlaka , 1973). Specifically, in regard to interval training and the development of energy sources, the gymnastic train in g program should be manipulated (organized) to ensure that the muscles are over loaded. In other words, with each successive day of training, the muscular sYstem should be loaded beyond the previous day or adaptation. Progressive re sistance can be achieved by manipulating at least four major factors which must be considered in interva l training (B loomfield, 1971): (1) the duration of the work interval; (2) the number of repetitions of the work interval ; (3) the duration of the rest interval; and (4) the number (frequency) of training periods per week.
Duration of the Work Interval Provided a routine (e.g. parallel bars or rin gs) requires 20-30 seconds for co mpletion , th e GYMNAST Jan. '75
durati o n should initi all y be around 10-12 seconds. If thi s training tim e app ea rs to b e too bri ef, th en co nsider th e prin cipl es of training underl ying enhance d A TP-PC stores. What va lu e li es in forc ing a gymna st to perform (a nd often poorly) a routin e 25 or more seco nd s if he is co mpl etelY ex hau sted upon fin ishin g? Con sider th e ext ra tim e wasted simpl y for recovery purposes (de pending of course upon the gymnas t's state of fitn ess at a give n time period ). Logicall y, to ensure an approp ri ate bio chemi cal and neuro logica l adapt ation , th e duration of the work interva l o n each app aratu s mu st b e purposefull y conce ived. Thi s ma y entail di vidin g a ro utine int o , e.g., Part s I, II , and III so th at eac h part is basi ca ll y eq ual in duration of work . Upon excee ding th e allo ted tim e for any given part , appro pri ate adju stm ents wou ld be necessa ry to avo id a m aj or utilization of the la ctic acid sYstem and its consequences with reference to th e total tim e for trai ning and wo rk to be accomplished . Furth ermore, a coac h may elect to practice Part I (of severa l different routines) , e.g., on Monday of each week , Part li o n Tuesday, and Part Ili on Wedn esday. Perh aps, Parts I and II may be co mbined on Thru sday whi le Part s II and III are combined on Frid ay. Th e point is that a systemati c proced ure must perm ea te the training method to ove rco me the obvio us deficien cies in th e more traditional " this toda ythat tomorrow " approach to training .
Number of Repetitions of the Work Interval Durin g the first week of training , a coach may elect to have his gymnasts to repeat each part 3 times before advancing to another apparat us. He ma y elect to increase the repetitions to , e.g., 5 times (depending upo n how well the gymnasts respond to the stress) the second week of training. Agai n, to ensure all improveme nt in performance, the overload principle must be utilized from week to week and month to month. Duration of the Rest Intervals The coach must be highl Y critical in controlling thi s va riable to ensure an appropriate adaptation . As discussed ea rli er, the rest interva l should be at least on e minute to avo id a major utilization of glycogen stores. For example, if an eager gymnast rests on ly 2030 seconds and resumes the work interval , he will probablY reac h exhaust ion much sooner than th e ot her gymnasts (fo ll ow ing established training guides). Hi s exhaust ion may decrease the level of execution of subsequent performances, thu s retarding success. Obvi o usly, this training probl em is eve n more comp li ca ted when the work interva l exceeds the prede term ined wo rk duration. On ce again, the sys tem brea ks down crea ting periods of high intensity work w ithout the necessa ry considerations of training for tomorrow or the next week. it becomes obviou s that thi s k ind of t ra inin g fails to develop at hl etes to their true energy potenti al. It behooves the coach to make sure hi s gymna sts address them se lves to the rest interval acco rdi ngly. By palpating the pul se rate (e ith er at th e caro tid or rad ial art eries), the gymnast may gain an appreciat ion for th e work interva l as it is refl ec ted in t he in creased hea rt rate. it may be necessa ry to begin with a rest in terval of at least 3 minutes for th e firs t m on th of tra ini ng . A s th e gy mnasts gra duall Y ada pt to the accumu lat ive stress of th e workout s, the rest interval (b etw ee n th e repetitions) m ay be redu ced to 2 minutes, etc. This i yp e of GYMNAST Jan. '75
ma 'n ipulat io n helps to e nsure a co ntinu ed necess it y for metabol ic ada ptati o ns in d ica ti ve of improved performance capac it y. Number of Training Periods Per Week Without qu es tion , the gy mna st mu st train Monda y thr o ugh Friday to note a sign ifican t increase in e nergy p o tenti al. Beside s, 5 trai nin g periods p er week is co nsiste nt with and co mpl ement s th e other interva l training var iabl es. U ndoubted ly, a grea ter in crease in mu sclul ar stre ngth wi ll resu lt when exercisi ng 5 days a week than , e.g. , 2, 3, or even 4 d ays a week. Since th e relation ship of strength to bri ef periods of act ivit y (Sh epard, 1969) is very hi gh (es peciall y in gymnastics) , a coach must adh ere as strictl y as possible to the interva l method. In v iew of thi s approach , a considerab le and pred ictable str ength ga in w ill serve as a so lid fo undation from w hich skill s ma y m o re easil y be acq uired . In fact, th e skill s ma y be learn ed w hile less fati gued du e to the increased duility of th e mu sc ular sys tem to resist ex haustion w hil e work in g. Jensen and Fisher (1972) po int o ut that with increased strength, e.g., 50%, a person wou ld be ab le to do t he same amount of work w ith greater ease. Thu s, it wo uld appea r that the stronger the gymnast is when training begi ns, the less stress on the lactic acid sYstem . In co nsequ ence, he wi ll be able to work 10 ll ger without fatigu e and at th e sa me tim e co ntinu e deve loping hi s true ene rg y pot ential. Conclusion In co nclusion, it appears that the main energy source for the sport of gymnastics is the ATP-PC sYstem. This sYstem is dramatically reflected in th e strength potential of se lected musculature ev id e nt in gymnastic performances. As a ' fina l thought (wit h reference to specificity of train ing), the gymnast ic performance is dependent upon a specific training program planned for each gymnast and team. Furth ermore , the future of gym nastics may well depend on o ur ab ility to interp ret and utilize ph ys iological data relative to t ra ining programs . REFERENCES Astrand , I,P. Astrand , Eit Christensen, et al. " Intermittent M uscu la r Work, " Acta Physiol Scand. Vol. 48, pp. 448-453, 1960. Astrand , Per-Olaf, and Kaare Rodahl. Textbook of Work Physiology. New York : M cGraw-Hili Book C ompan y, 1970. Bloomfield, John . " Th e Specificity of Interva l Training," Track Technique. No. 44, pp. 14021404, June, 1971. Jensen , Clayne R., and Gordon W. Schultz . Applied Kinesiology. New York : McGraw-Hili Book Compan y, 1970. Keul , J., E. Doll, and D. Keppler . Energy Metabolism of Human Muscle. Bal t im o re: Unive rsity Park Press, 1972. Sa ltin , Bengl. " Metabolic Fundamental s in Exercise," Medicine and Science in Sports. Vol. 5, No. 3., pp. 137-146, 1973. Shephard , RoY J. Endurance Fitn ess. Canada: Un ive rsi ty of Toronto Press, 1969. Smod laka, Vojin N. " Interva l Tra inin g in Rehab ilitation M edic in e. " Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Vo l. 54, No. 9, pp. 428-431 , September, 1973. Za uner, C hri st ian W. , and Edwin C. Reese. " Specific Training, Tap er and Fatigu e" , Track Technique. No. 49, pp. 1546-1550, September, 1972.
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..JUDGES VIEW ON HORS By David S. Borucki (National card holder) To d ay we are at lo ng las t beco min g con sc ious of the n eed fo r origi nalit y_Ma ny fi ne articl es have b ee n w ritt en emph as izin g th e impo rtance of a gy mnas t to use hi s, o r h er im agin ati on, I wo ul d like to take t his thin g we call o ri gi na lity, and i nco rpo rat e it into th e side horse event As a j u d ge, I loo k fo rwa rd to ano th er excitin g gymn as ti cs seaso n. Eve ry yea r th e level o f perf o rmance see ms to ge t a littl e bit bett er, U n fo rtunately, m y en t hu sias m starts to decrease w he n it comes tim e to jud ge th e side horse. It seems th at I ca n alm os t guess th e se qu enti al co nstru cti o n of th e ro utin e befo re th e gy mn ast eve n chalk s u p. Th e majorit y o f pe rfo rm ers w ill h ave ih e first sixty perce nt o f th ei r ro utine consist of d o uble leg work, t he ne xt fiftee n p ercent is th eir sin gle leg wo rk (traditi o nal three fo rward sc isso rs and o ne sc isso rs backwa rd), The remainin g twe nt y five p erce nt is left fo r the fini sh. I o ft en wo nd er if I am t he o nl y jud ge tha t fee ls th at t h is typ e of routin e co nst ructi on is getti ng to be ju st a lit t le hackneyed . As a judge, I am full y awa re of th e need to m eet o ur co mbin ati o n requ irem ents, b ut th ere mu st be ano th er way. W e all ag ree tha t sin gle leg wo rk is very demanding, it's th e first thin g we lea rn o n horse, yet it' s th e last thing we mas ter o n it A n y d eviati o n fro m th e no rm co nce rn in g o u r leg w o rk is o bvio usly a chall enge, ye t not hi ng dresses up a ho rse routin e b etter th an we ll ex ecuted sin gle leg wo rk. To site an exa mpl e, wh en so meo ne ta lks abo ut Cerars ho rse routin e they usually d o n' t me ntion hi s d ou bl e leg wo rk , w hich is grea t, but th ey do talk abo ut his sc isso rs. Eve n th e ad van ced ho rse perfo rm ers wh o have r each ed a high level o f
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Pl acem ent and typ e o f sc isso r s are ju st two ways o f acq uirin g o ri gin alit y. My third m eth o d is to wo rk in and (or) o ut of t hem in so me unu sual way. Eve n if we u se o ur traditi o nal thr ee for wa rd on e backw ard, we ca n sti ll be o ri ginal by fi ndin g va ri o us ways o f gettin g in and ou t It has b ecome co mmo n practi ce to break in to o u r sin gle leg wo rk from a p osition o f b o th legs jo ined i n f ro nt o r back, and th en brea k. A few o th er ways wo uld be: (circles c loc kw ise) 1.) Fo r t he elemen tary gymn ast - Sin gle leg trave l up to reve rse scisso r ri gh t (travel fro m L. to R. ) 2. For th e intermedi ate gy mn as t - K~ei s k e hre, as legs p ass ove r ho rse ri ght leg cut s to fro n t, left leg cut to back 01 ho rse, (act uall y yo u never rea ll y co m p lete th e kreiskeh re) to sc isso rs bac kwa rd R. 3. Fo r th e ad va nce d gy mn ast Circl e to czec hkeh re stra d d led, L. leg cuts to fro nt , fo rwa rd sc issor R, Th e above exa mpl es show us we ca n b e ori gin al no matt er w hat leve l we are co mpetin g at Th ese exa mpl es aren ' t new at all , th ey ju st are no t used muc h. It w as n o t m y intenti o n to teach techni ca l exec uti o n o f sin gle leg movem ents, but rath er to moti va te gy mn as ts and th eir coach es to loo k upon si ngle leg wo rk as a counterpart of circles and th e va ri o us trave ls, Lets t ry to think of th ese single leg move m ent s as so me thin g more th an ju st fulfilling a combin ati o n requirement
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scissors forwa rd wi th o ne half tw ist, sc isso rs backwa rd wi th one half tw ist, travel hop sideward, simple sw iss, sc isso rs o n th e neck etc. N ot onl y wo uld we deve lo p e o ur kin aesth eti c feel o n ho rse, but we ju st may lea rn a B o r C co mbina ti on. W hen was th e last ti me yo u saw a B o r C co mpose d of sin gle leg w o rk .
co mp etency in the ir do ubl e leg wo rk mu st co nce ntrate m o re on t heir sin gle leg exec ution, In th e future thi s w ill b e o ne of th e few ways we ca n di stin gui sh o n e co ntes tant fro m ano th er. I am no t statin g th at in th e U.S. we are not o ri gin al on the si de h orse, we are. A lso I ho p e yo u d o n' t t hin k th at I wa nt to see a ro uti ne full o f we ird di sj o int ed p arts, lets ju st try to ge t away fro m our tr ite three fo rwa rd on e backwa rd sc isso r co mbin atio ns, As a jud ge it wo uld be ve ry ref res hi ng to see two sc isso rs backward and o n e fo rwa rd, I rea li ze thi s co mbin ati o n is harder to make lo o k es th eti c, but anyo ne w ho sees.Kanate All en d o hi s backwa rd sc isso rs kn ows the y ca n be made to loo k go od. Perh ap s t he gymn as t, w ho has t ro ubl e w ith hi s fo rw ar d sc isso rs co uld explore thi s co mbin ati o n, An o th er altern ati ve wo ul d be to put o ur sc isso rs in th e first p art o f our ro utin e. Seein g th em at th e upper th ird of th e routin e w ould surely ca tch t he judges eye (th at is if he eve r wo rk ed horse ), The rati o nale for puttin g o ur sin gle leg wo r k at ab o u t th e sixty perce nt mark in o ur exe rcise is th at w e wa nt to get o ur b ig tri c ks o ut of th e w ay first Perh aps o n e co uld eve n do t heir tw o co nsecuti ve sc issors at on e po int in th e ro utin e, and th en do yo ur re main i ng leg wo rk at an o th er j un cture. Th ese th ree exa mpl es given wo uld make th e routin e hard er to " hit", b ut o rigin alit y d oes not come cheap, W e ha ve see n how th e pl acement o f our scisso rs can add o rig inality, A noth er way is th e type of sc isso rs used. It seems we are co mpletely fo rge ttin g t hose first few pages o n th e side horse in our FIG Code o f Po ints P. 72&73 . Th e elementary gym nas t starts to w ork o n hi s do ubl e leg circl es befo re he ca n hardl y p erfo rm a m edi oc re pe ndulum swin g. W o uldn ' t it be a good id ea fo r our gymn asts to try to lea rn so me of th ese singl e leg skill s. i.e.
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Survey Outside Competition
High School and Female Gymnasu The Los Ang eles Cit y Board of Edu ca tion , for girls inte rschola stic sport s, ha s adopted a ruling which sta tes : "a n indi vi dual shall not be allowed to pla y o r compe te on any o utside team, in the sa m e sport during th e seaso n of th at sport. " W e, as paren ts of a fema le gymnast, find thi s ruling to be -di scr iminatory. We share our dau ght er's co nc ern that he r ca ree r and future in compet iti ve gymnastics wi ll be adverse lY effect ed b y th e rulin g. Why di sc rimin ation in high sc hool wo m e n's gymnastics? Of the e leven spo rts named in Rul e #11 1, women 's gym nastics is th e only spo rt that is effec ted. A ll other sports have comp leted outside competit io n before the same compeiition begins in the Los An ge les Cit y School programs. The USGF me et sc hed ul es in Ca liforni a cover the months o f October through Ma y. Th e Los A nge les Cit y Hi gh Schools compete during the months of February through Jun e. As a Class 1 compe titor, ou r daughter is sc h edu led to compete in two m ee ts in February and one in March. Th ese three me ets, occ urin g during the months of practice meets wi thin her high school , will prevent ou r daughter from competition w ith her high schoo l team . W hy should any gym nast have to choose between (1) addition al hours of instructi o n, (2) advanced universit y leve l coa chin g techniques, (3) participation in state and nat io nal co m petition s, or, (1) the opportunity to re present h er high schoo l and her commun ity, (2) relationships with her pee rs and h er teachers, (3) perso nal pride in achievement w ith her high schoo l tea m? To as k an yo ne to choose between th e opportunity to ad vance in skills w hi c h have b ecome the basis for a ca ree r, or to sha re the exper iences of high sc hool competition and peer group approval, is most unfair. If girls are forced to choose betwee n " outside " clubs and the i r high schoo ls, we for esee several prob le ms. If the y choose hi gh sc hoo l particip ation , there w ill be too few girls . in the fifteen and over di v ision of out sid e co mpetition and there w ill b e ve ry few Class one co mpetitors excep t for those yo unger than high school age. Privat e club s w ill expe rien ce a m embership decline after severa l yea rs of training older girls, w ith t he natural result of coaches showin g a la ck of interest in girl s over th e age of tw elve or thirt ee n , due to the po ss ibilti Y of th e ir c ho ices being high sc hoo l participation. If gi rl s choose to co mpete on " outs id e" teams inst ead of stay in g w ith the ir hi gh schoo ls, eventua ll y competition w ill be di sco ntinu ed and there w ill be even one less sport ava il able to girl s who wish to compete for th eir hi gh sch oo ls, intersc ho lastica ll y. Eith er of th ese choices, when not utili zed to ge ther, w ill be detrimenta l to the spo rt o f gymnastics and its progress. If the gymnasts who be lon g to " outside " clubs are no t allowed to co mpete for the ir clubs, th ey w ill have d ifficu lt y h ~ ldi ng a pl ace on th at co mpe tition tea m . Th eir coac hes w ill wis h to wo rk wi th th ose girl s who w ill be co mpetin g for th e m and not w ith th ose w ho wi ll co mpete for th eir hi gh schoo l coac hes on ly.
42
We do not w ish our dau ghter, o r any o f th e man y gym nasts in th e ci ty, w ho wi ll be effected by th is ru lin g, to be pena li zed fo r advanced abilit Y o r ac hi evem ent. It is our un derstand ing, that of th e few ath leti c sc hol arships for wo m en , being o ff e red by major uni ve rsiti es, those th at are awa rd ed are based o n th e gymnast' s parti cipat ion and ac hi evem e nts in both high schoo l and city, state and nat io nal co mp et ition s. It wo uld be im possible to rece ive eno ugh trainin g through hi gh schoo l classes, w ith so few hou rs ava ilabl e, to ach ieve th e skill leve l req uired fo r sc holar ship e li gibility. Every hi gh sc hoo l does not offe r a gy mn asti c program for wome n, no r is a qua li fied instru ctor always avai lab le. We wo uld not like to see our da ughte r' s cha nces of schol arsh ip awards be des troye d b y thi s ruling. Why must fe male gymnasts be sing led out, to choose betwee n th ese affil iations? If ou r daughter were a pianist, wou ld she not be allowed to have a music teacher outs id e of schoo l, to pla y in recitals and enter conservato ry competitions, whi le pla Yin g in th e hi gh sc hool o rchestra and representin g her sc hool in cit y co mpet ition s? To our knowledge , this is the first major school sYstem , ot her than the CIF , to accept th is rul in g. What wi ll YOU do, as parent or coac h, when this rul e beco mes effecti ve in yo ur state o r city?? Is a compromise possible?? Could USG F co mp et ition within the state, be res chedul ed to take pla ce during m o nths oppost ire tho se of high school co mpetitions?? Could th e high sc hool program s be uplifted to includ e a coach as qualified to teach gy mna stics as the coaches who teac h high sc ho o l footb all and bask etball to BOYS? ?? Cou ld qualificat io n in a city high school champi o nships lead to the State f in als??? If the high school tea mmates of " outside competition " g irl s do not object to th eir participation in high schoo l, w hy sho uld th e school board? ? If this ruling is all owed to exist, th e sport of gymnast ics and the future s of man y Yo ung women , w ill be w rongl Y directed. Gymna stics is no longer a sport to be rel ega ted to obscurity. It should be avai lable in all schoo ls and in all states. It is not just a " fu n sport" but in m any cases, co uld lead to a successf ul bu si ness or ca ree r. Mr. Adrian Metca lfe, a spokesman from the " Champions A ll " I nvi tational meet h e ld rece ntl y in Londo n, recentl y stated on loca l television , hi s disappo intm ent in th e absence of the Amer ican girl s at this m ee t. He also stated t hat gymnast ics for women is a lesse r sport, wit h litt le o r no atte nti o n be ing affo rd ed the amateur o r inter medi ate gymnast. If thi s is tru e, as it some tim es see m s to be, how can thi s nation beg in to compete wit h inte rnati o nal co mp etitors?? We hope that th e Los Angeles Board of Education w ill not discriminate aga in st trese girl s who wish to adva nce in th eir cho se n sport and to co nt ribut e to their h igh sc hool programs, sim ultan eo uslY. Sincerely, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas L. Rix, Jr.
TO: All G.I.A. Personnel, Senior High School cc: Principals, Asministrator in Charge of G.I.A., Area Superintendents FROM : Patricia Harvey, Consultant Girls Interscholastic Athletics Issues rega rdin g the interpretation and effects of Rule III have co nt inuously concerned C. I. A.C. throu ghout the ex istance of th e G.I.A. program. The argumen ts p ro and co n
have been aired at most of the mee tings and have been cons idered OI l every G. I. A.C. Rul es Commillee m eeting si nce
the onset. The rule has undergone almost constant cha nge resulting in its present state: Rule III (G.I.A.C. Minutes 4/1/74) To help clarify the rul e, it is recommended th at il be renumbered and slated 10 read: 11 1-1. " The Girls' Int ersc hola stic Athletics Comm ittee has the author ity to sa nction the participat ion of a school tea m in compet ition not sponsored by the los Angel es Unified School Distri ct, provided th e written request is received from th e p rincipal of the sc hool concerned. (refer to Rul e 101-2.) 11 1-2. "An individual sha lln ol be all owed to play or compete o n any outside l ea rn in th e samespofl during the season of tha t sp ort. Inclu des the pra ctice seaso n . 111-3. " In add ition to those sports listed in Rule 604, 'Constitut ion and By-l aws of Californ ia Interscho last ic Federation,' p. 13 (bowling, crew, fenC in g, golf, gym nas tics, skiing , and te nni s), girls ma y also com pete unattached in th e sports of archery, badminton, swimming, and track and field. " THE fOLLOWING IS A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT Of THE OUTSIDE COMPETITION RULING: SummerJ 1972 Th e original governing policies and standa rd s for extramu ra ls which were in effect throughou t our first Year as a boa rd sa nctio ned program did not include a ru le for outside competition. However, a definition of seaso n of a sport and a limitation of practice did exist at that time. ~oe~~~ie~C lober 31, 1972, Girls' Athletic Polic y Delermining *MSP That ou tsi de competition be permitted for this year (sa nction granted upon wri tt e n reques t from p rincipa l). Tha t POC investigate the numb er of schools involved in comp eti ti o n not sponsored by th e Los Angeles Unified School Dis.tric!. A report to be presented in the Spring for further act ion. Meeting, April 5, 1973, Girls Inlerscholastic Alhletics Commillee Outside competit ion ru les states: The Girls' Intersc holastic Athl etics Committee has the authority to sanction a schoo l's participation in spo rt competition not sponso red by the los Angeles CitY School District upon receiving a wrilte n request from the principal of that school. Survey clea rl y ind icated a split att itutde towards th e permission of outside co m pe titio n . Half felt that it sh o uld be allowed "only out of season. " In th e discussion tha t fol lowed, it was cieariYpointed out that whatever decision is ma de, it would n o t in anywa y make everyone happy. Part of the growing pains of a new prog ram is the ago ny of (ransition. Meeting, Apr il 30, 1973, Girls Interscholastic Alhlelics Committee 'MSP Recomme nde d that Rul e 17 read " The G.I.A.C. has the authority to sa nction a school's learn participation during the season of the sport in co mpe tition not sponso red by the los Angeles Un ified Sc hool District upon written request from the principal o f that school. Meeting, May 2, 1973, Senior High School Principals' Association The following was app roved by the princi pa ls association: The G. I.A.C. has the authority to sanction a school's team participation during the season of the sport in competi tion flot SP<:H1sored by the los Ange les Unified Sc hoo l District upon \W ltten request from the principa l of that sc hool. Meeting December 3, 1973, Girls Interscholastic Athletics Committee *MSP That an individual not be allowed 10 play or co mpete on any outside tea m in th e same sport du irn g the seaso n of th a t sport (to beocme effective September, 1974). In addit ion to those sports listed in Rule 604, 'Consti tution and By-laws of California Inte rscholastic Athletics Federation, p. 13 (bowlin g, Crew, fencing , golf, gym nasti cs, sk iin g, and tenniS), girls may compete unatta c hed in the sports of archery, badminton, sw imming, and track a nd fi e ld. Meeting, April 1, 1974, Girls Interscholastic Athletics Committee (P LE ASE REFER TO RULE III , G.I. A.C. Min utes, 4/ 1/ 74 - first page of this su rvey) Meeting. Jun e 3, 1974, Girls Interscholastic Athletics Committee +MSP Outside Competition Survey ... â&#x20AC;˘ It is reco mm ended that the Athletics Office cond uct a survey of the coac hing staffs and p hysical ed ucatio n departme nts of each senior hi gh school to determine what exactly is wan ted in lerms of "out side compet ition." At Ihis time it was moved and seconded 10 all ow an in dividual to com pet e on a n outside tea m during th e seaso n of the spo rt. (MO.!ION LOST) WE SOLICIT AND INVITE YOUR IMMEDIATE EVALUATION Of THE EXISTING RULE!!!
tl..J
GYMNAST Jan. '75
lETTERS~ ENDANGERED SPORT Dear Editor: This leller concerns women's gymnas ti cs in the United States - a n "e nd a nge red s port". The gym nastics "Wo rld Games " we re he ld a few wee ks ago in Bu lga ria. As usual , th e Easte rn Block Nations dominated the games w ith mosltop honors goi ng to the Russians. The nited States placed seventh in team sco re a nd in individual events our closet competito r was eig hteenth. Why? Political? P e rh aps , but more importa ntly , the United States can not hope to effective ly com pete in world ca libe r gymnastics with privately funded instructio n alone. Throughout Russia , a government supported ann opera led sc hool s of gymnastics are ava il ab le to all in almost eve ry town and cily. Thi ~ ~y te m gives each g ir l w ith potential the opportunity to develop her talelll rega rdl e~s of in com e or loca lity. In the United States, school s a re few a nd far between . Most towns have no gym faciliti es at all and m a ny girls mu st travel long dis tan ces for coaching. Instructio n mu st come from e ither expensive profit-m ak ing schoo ls with overcrowded classes a nd lilli e - if a ny - individual instruc tion: inadequate publi c sc hool beginner classes: or s mall nonprofit clubs struggling und e r great fin a ncial burdens jus t to keep their doors open. Women's gymnastics came a live in thi s co untry fo llowing the national and inte rnationa l s uccesses of Ca thy Rigby a nd Olga Korbul. In spi r ed by these athletes , thousands of girls began seeki ng instruc tion : and riding on this wave of enthusiasm , gymnastics organizations s prang up a ll over the country. For the firs t tim e in U.S. history, the s port began to flouri s h and develop and within only a few years th e talent began to emerge. But because of the in c red ibly high costof operating , these c lubs are now disappearing .. dropping from the scene almost overnighl. Most groups - both profit and nonprofit - ca nnot withstand the fin a nc ia l stress and are laboring to remain in existence, and even organizations producing "championship" ca liber gymnasts , are on the verge of c losing . The s port of gymnastics requires la rge facil iti es, a great deal of equipment, coaching s pec ia lis ts a nd time , time. time .. . all of which are very cos tly. One of the mos t ex pens ive of a ll s ports to both teache r and pupil, gymnastics will once aga in begin to die out in this country - jus t as progress was being made - unless som e prog ra m of government oi' comm unity su pport is deve loped. Girls ha ve at last been pro vided a n athletic art form of thei r own with which th ey might find enormous persona l sa ti sfaction - only to have it take n away and re placed once aga in with madeover and hand-me-down boys ' s ports. A sm a ll org,lIlization known as the Woodland Hills Gymnastics Association is one s uch struggling pri vate group unab le to a ttract community support - or eve n to be heard. The Chamber of Comm e r ce sa id " no " as did the many pri vate businesses whe n a pproached for support.. Most would not even take the Lime to liste n. Why is the community so a nxiou s to s upport boys ' ath le tics from baseba ll and footba ll to soccer a nd bas ke tb a ll , but so un willing to su pport g irl s? And rather than the community working for such worthwhile proj ects as women ' s gymnas ti cs, it e ithe r ig nol'es th em or wo rks against th em. Th e Los Ange les City Schools rece ntly e nacted a ruling whi ch will vi rtu a ll y para lyze the gymnastics program within the school s. The ruling will not pe rmit a young woman gymnas t to compete for he r high school and community while training with organizations a nd clubs outside the L.A. City Schools. The effect will
GYMNAST ja n. '75
+
CANADIAN REPORT
Wo mens: 1. Angelika He llman , OOR Milk M eet of Champions 2. Monika Csaszar, HUN 3. Angela Mayer, FGR Toronto 4. Je nnife r Ojachun, CAN Gymnast s from l e n co untri es 4. Ne ll i Kim , URS competed November 5th in an 6. Chieko Kikkawa , JPN International Invitation meet 7. Kathy Howa rd, USA sponsored by th e Ontario 8. Aleksandra Jankowicz, POL Gymna stic Federation and the 8. April Lennox, GBR Prov ince of Ontario Milk Board. 10. Nadine Audin, FRA Me n: 1. Hirosh i Kaji ya ma, JPN 2. Andrzij Szajna , POL 3. Imre Molnar, HUN 4. Way ne Yo ung, USA 5. Aleksandr Malejev, URS 5. Walter Moessinger, FOR 7. Bernd Jaege r, OOR 8. He nri Boerio, FRA 9. Eddie Arnold , GBR 10. Keith Carter, CAN
FX 9.75 9.45 8.70 9. 15 9.40 8.80 9.20 9.10 ' 8.95 9.15
PH 9.55 9.30 9.50 9.20 9.20 9.20 9.00 8.85 9.75 8.00
FX 9.35 9.20 9.10 9.20 8.35 8.65 9.05 8.90 8.85 8.80
Lewis R. Wa ll er
B 8.90 8.85 8.85 9.05 9.35 9.15 8.05 8.90 8.70 8.25
R
V
9.65 9.55 9.30 9.25 9.45 9.50 9.50 9.40 9.20 9.95
9.70 9.20 9.30 9.35 9.30 9.30 9.20 8.60 9.05 9.30
9.35 9.40 9.30 9.05 9.05 9.00 9.25 8.75 9.10 9.20
UPB 9.40 9.30 9.05 8.95 9.50 9.20 9.1 0 8.80 8.70 8.80
TOTAL 37.00 36.75 36.30 36.25 36.25 36.00 35.45 35.35 35.35 35.05
PB 9.75 9.40 9.60 9.30 9.30 9.30 9.50 9.25 8.95 8.45
HB 9.70 9.50 9.45 9.55 9.55 9.55 9.00 9.20 8.75 9.05
TOTAL 58.10 56.40 55.85 55.80 55.65 55.65 55.40 54.40 53.65 52.90
V
be detrimental to the g irl s themselves , th e ir Ir;::=~==================il comm unities a nd the s port of gymnastics. There are man y girls who wou ld wish to Yo u mea n yo u have n't hea rd of participate in a sti mul ati ng a nd progressive gym nastics program but because of limited income of their families a re de ni ed the opportunity to parti Cipate. Many tea m s wou ld welcome the c ha nce to awa rd sc hola r s hips to s uc h girls: but without additional fund s , it is imposs ibl e. And so gi rl s with potfntial and desire " What d oes the Al e stand fa d " sit he lpl ess ly by a nd wail... but the c ha nce does not com e. Whi le pri vate c lubs ca n pro vid e som e of the money needed to c r eate the idea l com munity gymnastics program which would be open to a ll tal ented a nd dedicated g irl s rega rdless of in com e, obviously, it is an imposs ible task for the c lubs alone a nd funds a re so re ly needed. A highl y trained team competing on a national and international leve l c annot be maintained within a commu nity without the e nthu sias m a nd s upport of that commu nity. But that s upport does not come , and it m ay well be only a maller of tim e before the sport of wom e n's gymna stics will be A is: Mr. Ric hard M . Aronson opened only lo a very se lect a nd a fflu ent group within a limited area , and that w ill be a very sad C is: Mrs. Noreen E. Connell da y for yo ung g irls, the comm unilY, the na tion Repr ese nting ove r 45 years of co mbi ned and indeed , a ll of us. Profess ional Experience Audrey Updik e Woodland Hill s Gymnas tics Association Woodland Hill s , California Now yo u ca n walk in off the stree t and get all those hard to obtain gy mna sti c supplies:
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Jan. 11 . KIPS Invitational No tim e or p lace has been gi ven to us. Jan. 18, 1975 - Western States Elite Trials Invitational. Sa nta Mon ica City Coll ege, begins a t 7:30 pm. Feb. 14-15 EI Paso KENOS O PEN GYMNAST IC MEET.. open , boys a n d g irl s. comp lete age g ro u ps. Pat Ha milton . 701 E. Montna , EI Paso Feb. 14-15 1st Elite qualification meet (Ea>! of Mi ssiss ippi ) lop 20 to Pa ll -Amlria l 0 11 MJrch 21-22) Feb. 28-Mar. 1 Northridge I nvitational to be held in Nort hri dg e. California using 1975 compul sor ies (so unds like th is m ig h t mean the Pan Am comp ul sories) a nd optionals. Team tYpe compet iti o n w ith final s fo r the top six in each even t. Entry fee $45.00 per team . Contact Dan Conne ll y. Office 213885 -2051 o r home 213·344 ·0435. Mar. 1·2 Elite Regional Clinics Mar. 21·22 Final Trials for Pan·Am Games Mar. 21·22 (Pre!.) USGF State Meets or Mar. 28-29 Mar. 27·29 NCAA College Div. Mell . Mallka to. M inll . Apr. 3-5 NCAA University Div. - M e ll . I~U Apr. 3·5 AIAW Nationals Apr. 5-6 Ea ste rn States Invi ta ti onal Champ ionsh ips in New York this yea r. Apr. 11·12 USGF Regional Meels Region Regional Cha mpi onships. Uni ve rsity of Utah Specia l Event s Cente r. M e et Directo r : C har li e Pond . 8418 Supe rnal Way, Salt Lak e C it y. Utah 84121. Apr. 18·19 YMCA Nationals at Wright ~ t at e Uni vel> it y in Da ytOil. Ohio. Writ e Mr. Doug la, Le wi, . Ca mbridge . Ohio 43 725 (Competit ion will inliud" ,iii gymnasti c eve nt s and trampoline) . Apr. 25·26 2nd Elite Qualification Meet to be he ld West of Mi ss issif.>pi May 8·10 USGF Jr. Nationals to be held £.15t of Mi ssissippi . May 15·17 AAU Sr. Nationals a t Kenn e d y SI. H . ~ .. Cedar Kapids. Iowa May 22·24 USGF Sr. Nationals to be hc·lu We,t of th e Mississippi June 12·14 USGF Elite Nationals or June 19-21 July 1-5 Berlin· 6th Gymnaestrada Ocl. World Cup, Mduriu. ~pain MIDWEST CALENDAR III. Jan . 18·19 Midwest Open for Jr. t;irls AA . Ad vdnce d Compul sories a n u Optional; . 10-12 onltlth and 13·14 on 19th Amer ican ACduem y of Gym l""t ics PH : 312· tl27·6tl43 1300 O .. kwood Ave. De s Plain es. III . 60016. Feb. 22 Midwest Open Specialists Meet for Jr. dnd Sr. Gi rl s ... Optiondl; o nl y A m e rican Acauemy of Gymna sti cs (See above) . Mar. 16 SI. Patrick's Day Open for Boys .. Optionals Onl y (dge 13 and o ver) Barry Keel e y PH : tl32·9430 or tlH·5773 . Gymna , tics Unlimit ed . Sc haumberg. III . March 2 Intercollegiate Regionals for Women ... Illinoi s ~tat e U (i). Mar. 12 Illinois USGF Open for Boys up to HI anu ltl Jn J over Paul Fina PH : 447·0607 Co ll ege of DuPage 25"100 Lambert Rd ., Glen Ellyn . III. Mar. 22 Eiche Invitational for Girls AA only Optionals Rolf Helmke PH: 264-9493 Eiche Turn ers . 165 E. 115th ~t. . Chic,'go.lll.b(lb2tl . Mar. 23 Eiche Invitational lor Boys AA o ill y Opt ion a Is (See above) . April 26 Elite National Age Group Tumbling Championship .. no 'it e .. no MD yet. June 14·1 5-Turner Camp Invitational Rolf Helmke PH : 264 -9493 at TUI 'l e r Camp. Mar. 29 Class I State Meet, Nevada. Meet Director AI La nsdo n. 1301 Valley Road Reno, Nevada 89502. Meet site same. May 2 Class II State Meet, Nevada Meet Directors Mike and Dale Flansaas 2284 Oppio St. Spa rka , Nevada. Meet site lS93 G reg St. Sparks, Nevada. Sorry ... In our May, 1974 issue, where we reported the AIAW and USGF meets, we mistakenly miscredited certain photos to the wrong photographer. Tim Ryugo, I'm sorry. We used Tim's photos in our AIAW report, not he USGF meet, where we gave him credit. I' ll try to keep things straight in the future ... Teri Johnson
ORIGINAL REUTHER PRODUCTS! DESIGNED FOR INCREASED SAFETY AND PROTECTION FOR GYMNASTS.
NEW VINYL BALANCE BEAM A one in ch layer of specia ll y formulated cushioning mat路 erial is laminated into the beam to give greater comfort and protection during long hours of training.
'MUNICH MODEL' ORIGINAL REUTHER BOARD BUILT TO MEET NEW SPECIFICATIONS GIVING GREATER LIFT .
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WAREHOUSES:
AQuiCk Performance Check for Your Nissen Mats Your Nissen tumbling, wrestling, and floor exercise mats are the finest quality available. However, the protective value of any filler or foam can diminish over a period of time. These mats should be inspected regularly for soft spots that may develop and be kept serviceable with firm foam. Why not take 10 seconds now to try the Thumb and Ruler Test. Place a six-inch wood dowel, one-half inch in diameter, in representative areas of the mat. If 路 the dowel can be pressed downward with your thumb (using moderate pressure) below the bottom edge of the ruler when the ruler is placed across the dowel, further investigation is indicated. You should call our TOLL FREE phone number listed below for additional information.
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