Improving canola production and production systems with genetic and agronomic advances to increase canola acreage in the Pacific Northwest. Jack Brown1, Jim B. Davis1, Kate Painter1, Kurt Schroeder1, Fangming Xiao1, Aaron Esser2, Bill Pan2, Karen Sowers2, Don Wysoci3, and Chengci Chen4 University of Idaho, 2Washington State University, 3Oregon State University, 4Montana State University. 1
Irrigated winter or spring canola Crop-Fallow winter canola, spring canola or yellow mustard Higher rainfall: Spring canola or Indian mustard Low rainfall: Camelina or yellow mustard
Potential Canola Acreage Canola acre
Seed yield
Canola oil
Canola seed meal
0
- lb a-1 0
-- tons -0
-- tons -0
Winter canola 400,000 Spring canola 50,000
2,500
200,000
400,000
1,300
13,000
26,000
Winter canola 150,000 Spring canola 70,000
2,900
87,000
174,000
2,000
28,000
56,000
Winter canola
20,000
3,200
12,800
25,600
Spring canola
60,000
2,800
33,600
67,200
Winter canola
75,000
3,750
56,250
112,500
825,000
18,450
430,650
861,300
Environment Total type acres†Crop
Low rainfall
10.5
Intermediate rainfall
1.6
High rainfall
1.7
Irrigated
1.5
Total
15.0
Spring canola
Objectives ďƒźObjective 1: Develop and identify canola cultivars that afford the highest productivity and greatest profitability for different agronomic zones in the PNW.
Breeding Objectives Yield
Quality
Reduce inputs
Food
Bio-fuel
Disease Resistance Insect Resistance
Oil Content
Feed
Abiotic stress
Selection Field Trials
Disease Test
Molecular Markers Tissue Culture
Quality Test
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Genomic Wide Association Studies
900 genotypes 40K SNP’s
Winter Kill
Cold & Drought Tolerance Develop cold- and drought-tolerant canola varieties that will efficiently utilize water and express extreme winter hardiness. The RC12A gene that plays a significant role in abiotic stress tolerance will be genetically manipulated into ‘Amanda’ and ‘06UIWC.1’ winter canola. The RC12A gene encodes for a plasma membrane-related protein that is specifically related to cold stress tolerance.
Cold & Drought Tolerance ďƒź Two approaches to manipulate the RC12A gene. o One is over-expression of the endogenous canola RC12A gene (BnRC12A ); o the other one is heterogeneous expression of the Arabidopsis RC12A gene (AtRC12A ) in canola.
ďƒź In both cases, the RC12A gene (BnRC12A or AtRC12A) will be cloned into a strong CaMV 35S promoter-driven plant expression vector and over-expressed in the locally-adapted winter canola cultivars and advanced breeding lines.
Cold & Drought Tolerance We generated the necessary cDNA’s from both Arabidopsis and canola plants. We generated plant expression constructs overexpressing RC12A genes (Canola RC12A gene (BnRC12A) and Arabidopsis RC12A (AtRC12A)) under the control of the strong CaMV 35S promoter. 35S Pro promoter
35S Pro
BnRC12A-HA RC12A gene
AtRC12A-HA
NOS-ter terminator
NOS-ter
Constructs used for generation of transgenic canola
Cold & Drought Tolerance Verification of the overexpression of BnRC12A and AtRC12A in Nicotiana benthamia (a model plant widely used for in planta expression verification) leaves via Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. Western blot (WB) indicates expression of BnRC12A and AtRC12A genes in plant cells Generation of transgenic canola plants over-expressing BnRC12A and AtRC12A genes by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and tissue culture.
Control
BnRC12A-HA
AtRC12A-HA
Pacific Northwest Cultivar Variety Trials • Spring and winter cultivar evaluation trials in four PNW States. • Identify regions specifically suited to spring or winter canola. • Provide growers information of ‘best’ cultivars.
Winter Canola Cultivar
Company
Mean
2016
2014
Amanda
U. Idaho
3,992
4,438
3,546
Athena
U. Idaho
3,854
4,357
3,350
Winfield
3,526
4,171
2,881
KSU
3,695
3,948
3,443
Mercedes
Rubisco
4,669
5,078
4,260
06.UIWC.1
U. Idaho
3,958
4,372
3,543
U. Idaho
3,851
4,357
3,345
HyClass-125 RR KSR 07363 RR
2
2
05.UIWC.15.7.5 1
1
IMI Resistant; 2 Roundup Ready,
Spring Canola Cultivars Cultivar
Company
Mean
2016
2015
Westar
Control
1,874
2,026
1,723
InVigor-L130 LL2 Bayer Crop Sci.
2,299
2,677
1,921
5535-CL
Brett Young
2,158
2,459
1,858
V.12-1
Cargill Seed
2,252
2,291
2,213
HyClass.930 RR1
Winfield Seed
2,525
2,838
2,213
Cara CL3
U. Idaho
1,901
2,092
1,706
Empire
U. Idaho
2,118
2,319
1,917
07SC27.12.B3
U. Idaho
1,899
2,095
1,703
1
Roundup Ready, 2 LibertyLink, 3IMI resistant
http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/brassica/ http://webpages.uidaho.edu/jbrown/brassica/
Objectives Objective 2. Quantify the effects of growing canola in rotations with wheat in the PNW.
Crop Rotation Effects Study Site
Year 0
ID Spring Rotation
Spring wheat
ID Winter Rotation
Winter wheat & Fallow
WA Spring Rotation
Spring barley
WA Winter Rotation
Fallow
OR Winter Rotation
Fallow
Year 1 Spring canola Spring pea Spring barley Spring wheat Winter canola Austrian winter pea Winter wheat Spring canola Spring wheat Spring Garbanzo Winter canola Austrian winter pea Winter wheat Winter canola Austrian winter pea Winter triticale Winter wheat
Year 2
Year 3
Winter wheat (SWWW)
Winter wheat (SWWW)
Winter wheat (HRWW)
Spring wheat (HRSW)
Fallow
Winter wheat (SWWW)
Crop Rotation Effects Study Site
Year 0
ID Spring Rotation
Spring wheat
ID Winter Rotation
Winter wheat & Fallow
WA Spring Rotation
Spring barley
Year 1 Spring canola Spring pea Spring barley Spring wheat Winter canola Austrian winter pea Winter wheat Spring canola Spring wheat Spring Garbanzo
Year 2
Year 3
Winter wheat (SWWW)
Winter wheat (SWWW)
Winter wheat (HRWW)
Crop Rotation Effects – Idaho 2015-2016
Crop Canola Wheat Barley Pea
Spring Rotation Winter Wheat Crop Crop Gross Gross Yield Return Yield Return - lb a-1 - - $ a-1 - - bu a-1 - - $ a-1 3,032 b $570 96 a $465 5,205 a $421 85 b $411 5,554 a $319 83 b $403 1,662 c $158 76 c $370
2-year Gross Return - $ a-1 $1,035 $832 $723 $528
Wheat Canola Pea Barley
4.85bu 0.188lb 0.095lb 115ton
Crop Rotation Effects – Washington 2015-2016
Crops Wheat Canola Garbanzo
Spring Rotation Spring Wheat Crop Crop Gross Gross Yield Return Yield Return - lbs. a-1 - -$ a-1 - - bu a-1 - -$ a-1 3,779 a 305 63 b 306 1,835 b 345 73 a 356 1,794 b 646 71 a 342
2-year Gross Return -$ a-1 612 701 988
Wheat $4.85 bu Canola $0.188 lb Garbanzo $36.0 cwt
Winter Crop Returns – Idaho 2015-2016
Value
Gross Return
'Amanda' Canola
- lb. a-1 3,609 b
$0.188 lb-1
- $ a-1 679
'Huffman' Wheat
5,651 a
$4.85 bu-1
457
'Granger' Austrian Winter Pea
2,300 c
$0.095 lb-1
219
Crop
Winter Crop Yield
Wheat Canola AW Pea
4.85bu 0.188lb 0.095lb
Objectives ďƒź Objective 3. Determine the effects of row spacing, seeding rate, planting date, and mowing on winter survivability and productivity of early-planted winter canola in the PNW.
Row Spacing/Seeding Rate Four cultivars (Amanda, HyClass 125, Mercedes, and WC.15.7.5); Two planting dates (late June & early August); August planting only (mowed and not mowed); Two locations (Moscow & Genesee); Two row spacing (25 cm and 50 cm); Four replicates treatment-1.
Row Spacing (Seed Yield)
5,000
0
Amanda
HyClass 125
Wide
Wide
Mercedes
Narrow
1,000
Narrow
Wide
Narrow
2,000
Wide
3,000
Narrow
Kg ha-1
4,000
WC.15.7.5
Kg ha-1 2,000
0
Amanda
3,000
HyClass 125 Mercedes
4.5 lb/acre
3.0 lb/acre
4.5 lb/acre
3.0 lb/acre
4.5 lb/acre
3.0 lb/acre
4.5 lb/acre
3.0 lb/acre
Seeding Rate (Seed Yield)
5,000
4,000
1,000
WC.15.7.5
Objectives Objective 4. Survey the PNW’s potential for development of blackleg.
Northern Idaho Panhandle
Idaho Camas Prairie
PCR differentiations of 6 Avr genes of 24 isolates
Phi-16 18
Phi-34 37
20
38
22
39 40
24
41
26 28 29 30
42
43 44
31 32 33
45
46
47
Distribution of L. maculans race structure from different locations Location
L. Muculans races
Willamette Valley, OR
Avr-3-5-6-7-11-LepR1
2
Avr-5-6-7-11-LepR1
4
Avr-1-3-4-5-6-7-9-11-LepR1-LepR2-(LepR3)
4
Avr-1-3-4-5-6-7-9-11-LepR1-(LepR3)
1
Avr-1-5-6-7-9-11-LepR1-(LepR3)
1
Avr-5-6-7-11-S-LepR1
10
Avr-5-6-7-11
1
Avr-1-2-5-6-7-11-LepR1
1
Avr-5-6-11
1
Avr-2-5-6-7-11-S-LepR1
1
Avr-1-2-3-4-S-LepR1-LepR2
1
Avr-5-6-7-9-LepR1
1
Avr-3-5-6-7-11-LepR1
2
Lewiston, ID Â
Camas Prairie, ID
# Isolates
Blackleg on Canola
Objectives ďƒź Objective 5. Compile and make available a comprehensive PNW Canola Production Manual to growers and local industry to allow them to make decisions on how best to utilize winter and spring canola in their existing crop rotation systems.
State
Grower Meetings
Field Days
Grower Contacts
Washington
11 (868)
11 (602)
1,470
Idaho
6 (314)
3 (210)
524
Oregon
2 (140)
4 (325)
465
Questions