HS Energetique anglais by Patrice Albertus

and consult the full programme on

www.colloque-energie-industrie2015.ademe.fr

On 18 and 19 March in Marseille ADEME will host its first national conference devoted to energy performance in industry. This conference is for you – industrialists, equipment manufacturers, technical consultants, energy service operators and researchers.

Online registration is open

Plenary sessions and break-out workshops will present background information, feedback on experience, and innovative process solutions and concepts, energy management systems, financing methods, and more!

WORKSHOPS AND PLENARY SESSIONS 18 MARCH 2015 9:45 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Plenary session Energy – a central issue for industrial competitiveness

2:00 - 3:45 p.m. Workshops Workshop 1: Energy management as a company project Workshop 2: Energy integration to ramp up process performance Workshop 3: Ecodesign, an opportunity to improve the energy performance of equipment

4:15 - 6:00 p.m. Plenary session How can investment in energy performance be financed?

19 MARCH 2015 8:45 - 10:00 a.m. Plenary session Energy transition projects targeting economic development: examples from Provence-Côte d’Azur

10:30 a.m. - 12:15 p.m. Workshops Workshop 4: Energy audits in industry Workshop 5: Residual energy: a hidden treasure for industrial companies Workshop 6: Integrating RE and interruptible service effectively: what are the advantage for industrial companies?

2:00 - 3:45 p.m. Plenary session The factory of the future

and consult the full programme on

www.colloque-energie-industrie2015.ademe.fr

Pierre-André de Chalendar CEO of Saint-Gobain

“We must encourage insulation work”  page 24 Energy efficiency

IT PAYS TO ADJUST YOUR ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION  page 14

Load management

THE NEVER-ENDING BATTLE  page 16

supplement to 3412 . february 26 2015 . not to be sold separately

Strategy

SCHNEIDER, THE ENERGY EffICIENCY CHAMPION  page 20 www.usinenouvelle.com

energy efficiency WHEN INDUSTRY TRACkS DOWN WATTS

STIMULATING INNOVATION TO GROW BUSINESS COMPETITIVENESS ADEME is launching a call for expressions of interest related to Eco-efficient Industry and Agriculture. FOCUS ON FOUR SECTORS: Agriculture and forestry operations Agrifood industry Chemicals and paper Metals, industrial and construction materials

TWO TARGETS: Reduce the intensity of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Reduce the intensity of water and/or materials use. OBJECTIVES: Develop new activities in order to market efficiency solutions and advanced equipment. Bolster the competitiveness of industrial activity. CANDIDATE PROJECTS WILL: Involve industrial and/or equipment suppliers Be elaborated and submitted by a company entity Call for a budget of over €1 million.

TYPE OF FINANCING: Subsidies, repayable advance funds, or participation in capital FILING DATE: 30 November 2016 (intermediate deadlines: 29 May 2015 and 29 February 2016)

2 CONTACT: ami.industrie.agriculture@ademe.fr

Documents can be downloaded at www.ademe.fr

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Contents DOSSIER

The year of energy performance P. 4 tribune de Marque Why is energy efficiency at the heart of industrial dynamics? P 9 COMPETITIVENESS

Ways to reduce your energy bill P. 10 METHODS

More lean, less energy P. 12 LOAD MANAGEMENT

It pays to adjust your electricity consumption P. 14 ELECTRICITY

Load management, the never-ending battle P. 16 Stepping up energy saving on the French Riviera P. 18 STRATEGY

Schneider, the energy efficiency champion P. 20 ENERGY RETROFITS

Industrializing building renovations P. 22 INTERVIEW

Pierre-André de Chalendar, CEO of Saint-Gobain P. 24

Président-directeur général : Christophe Czajka Directeur général délégué : Julien Elmaleh Directeur du pôle industrie : Pierre-Dominique Lucas Directeur de la rédaction : Thibaut De Jaegher Directrice adjointe de la rédaction : Anne Debray Rédacteur en chef délégué : Pascal Gateaud Chef d’édition : Guillaume Dessaix Direction artistique : Eudes Bulard Rédaction : Manuel Moragues Iconographie : Jean-Louis Salque Ont participé à ce numéro : Dorothée Coelho (secrétariat de rédaction) ; Charlotte Calament (maquette) Supplément de « L’Usine Nouvelle » n° 3412 du 26 février 2015 (commission paritaire n° 0712T81903) Ne peut être vendu séparément Une publication du groupe Gisi, Antony Parc II 10 place du Général-de-Gaulle - BP 20156 - 92186 Antony Cedex Directeur de publication : Christophe Czajka Impression : Roto France Impression 77185 Lognes Photo de couverture : Sébastien Sindeu

L’USINE NOUVELLE I N° 3412 SUPPLEMENT I FEBRUARY 26 2015

FROM EFFICIENCY TO PERFORMANCE

champion of energy efficiency. Even before this new market was clearly identified, Schneider Electric had started moving onto growth markets. In particular, it offered to help its clients become more efficient and save energy. Ten years and 130 company acquisitions later, this French group is playing with the big boys. Saint-Gobain, which is celebrating its 350th anniversary, is another champion of energy efficiency, although in buildings rather than processes. Over the past few years, it has been reorganized to focus on sustainable housing. For Pierre-André de Chalendar, PASCAL its CEO, energy performance is a growth driver in GATEAUD, mature economies, where 80% of the group’s turnover deputy editor is generated. Clearly, industry did not wait for the energy transition bill to be finalized before questioning its own energy consumption. If it had not already done so, the prospect of big savings would have helped it take the plunge. The French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (Ademe) calculates that French industry could become 20% less energy intensive by 2030. Between 2000 and 2012 alone, its energy intensity dropped by just over 11%. 2015 will be Industry did not wait for the energy a pivotal year. Investing in energy efficiency was transition bill to begin questioning hitherto a voluntary costcutting initiative. From its own consumption. now on, it will also be done to avoid additional costs incurred by penalties. Some 5,000 mid-sized and large companies have to carry out the first energy audit of their sites by the end of this year. Without waiting for this obligation, many manufacturers started working towards more flexible energy consumption by fine-tuning how they manage it and purchasing equipment to forecast energy requirements. By heavily investing in instrumentation, predictive software and monitoring tools, they are getting ready for smart grids and dynamic electricity pricing, which will replace regulated prices in 2016. There is no shortage of good examples in the following pages! ❚❚

SébaStien SinDeU

ENERGY EFFiCiENCY

THE YEAR OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE In 2015, French manufacturers will be legally obliged to audit their energy consumption, which comes on top of existing energy efficiency incentives. The change in policy is boosting energy performance and is expected to refocus energy management in industry. by manuel moragues

as a result of free cooling, gDF suez’s Climespace has reduced energy consumption in Paris by 35%. l’usine nouvelle i n° 3412 SUpplement i febrUary 26 2015

ould 2015 be the year when industry finally embraces energy efficiency? It is true that French industry became 11.1% less energy intense between 2001 and 2012, mainly as a result of an 87% improvement in its technological processes (figures supplied by France’s Department of the Commissioner-General for Sustainable Development). But industry still represents an enormous source of potential energy savings. The Ademe (French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management) believes that industry could become 20% less energy intense by 2030. Whether voluntarily or under duress, manufacturers may speed things up in 2015. According to Sylvie Padilla, Head of the Companies and Green Technology Department, Ademe: “We’re at a turning point. Many energy efficiency tools are starting to become consistent and people are recognizing their value.” Obligatory auditing, introduced by a decree issued at the end of 2014, is one such tool. About 5,000 mid-sized and large companies will have to carry out the first energy audit of their sites by the end of the year. Failing this, they could be fined up to 4% of their turnover. 5

ENERGY EFFiCiENCY

a more systematic approach Obligatory auditing was launched at the end of 2012 and has already had a significant impact. “There’s been a change of mentality in France over the last year or two,” observes Pierre Marzin, head of energy efficiency and the service sales specialist at Siemens France. The growing importance of energy efficiency certificates (CEEs) has also had an impact. CEEs speeded up Bonduelle’s energy efficiency projects in 2013 and 2014. Although industry still only accounts for 6-7% of CEEs, the targets for these certificates have been doubled for 2015-2017. This is expected to stimulate use of more complex potential energy savings specific to industry. Another current change of direction is the increasingly systematic approach to energy efficiency. According to

iNDUSTRY, A SOURCE OF POTENTiAL ENERGY SAViNGS Distribution of industrial energy consumption by sector, for 2012 (in Mtoe) SOURCES : L’USINE NOUVELLE, INSEE (FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS AND ECONOMIC STUDIES)

“Compulsory auditing, which is practically a first for energy efficiency, is an addition to existing incentives. It’s the first significant step in a long-term commitment,” says Padilla. Speaking for industry, François Létissier, R&D Director of the Bonduelle Group, thinks: “We’re switching from an incentive-based to a penalty-based rationale. I think this is the breakthrough. Investing in energy efficiency used to be a voluntary cost-cutting procedure. It will now also be done to avoid additional costs incurred by penalties.”

8,5

7,6

Chemicals

32,6 Mtoe equal to 21% of French energy consumption

2,1

Other

7,5

2,1

Capital goods

4,8

L’ATEE, créée en 1978, rassemble les acteurs de la chaîne énergétique (plus de 2 000 adhérents). L’association a comme objectif de favoriser une plus grande maîtrise de l’énergie dans les entreprises et les collectivités et, plus généralement, d’aider les

Steel industry, metallurgy

Agri-food industry

Denis Lelièvre, who is in charge of developing Delta Dore’s energy management systems business: “Industry has taken a step forward. After small-scale, isolated measures, we’re now onto major multi-site projects and wider application of good practices.” This trend goes hand in hand with the

AGIR ENSEMBLE POUR UNE ÉNERGIE DURABLE, MAÎTRISÉE ET RESPECTUEUSE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT L’ATEE s’engage pour faire progresser la maîtrise de l’énergie et pour la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre.

Materials, paper, cardboard

Partenaire du 1er colloque national Énergie Industrie

utilisateurs d’énergie à mieux connaître les actions possibles pour économiser et bien gérer l’énergie, ceci afin de concourir à l’objectif national de lutte pour la réduction des gaz à effet de serre, tout en améliorant leur propre rentabilité. L’ATEE favorise les échanges entre les professionnels et le partage des retours d’expériences. Elle assure une veille économique et technologique pour informer, sensibiliser et motiver.

Plus d’informat ions sur www.atee.f r 6

industry is france’s third highest energy consumer. it has huge energy saving potential, which is synonymous with productivity gains. according to the Ceren (french Center for economic Studies and research on energy), 43% of transverse energy consumption (motors, compressed air, etc.) could be avoided. Half of this could be achieved by overinvestment paid off within three years.

JOël pHilippOn / le prOGrèS / GenaS

proliferation of ‘energy managers’ and the take-off of ISO Standard 50001 (energy management systems). Lagging behind Germany, with ten times fewer companies certified, French industrialists have often acted through opportunism, taking advantage of enhanced CEE subsidies. They have since become converts to continuous energy performance improvement. Interxion France builds and runs data centers, which consume vast amounts of electricity. It has been working for many years to make its sites more energy efficient. Fabrice Coquio, CEO of Interxion France, is delighted with their recent certification: “This is a crucial standard and a structuring tool, which has also confirmed our approach.” Interxion’s method consists of drawing up an energy policy, identifying potential improvements, putting together an action plan, acting, and assessing the results. As JeanPierre Riche, CEO of Okavango Energy, comments: “This systematic approach to energy efficiency distinguishes the best in class from the also-rans.” This method appeals to industrialists since they use the same approach for quality. It is crucial for incorporating energy into their management. Padilla sums up by saying: “The idea is for energy to become an integral part of company management instead of being regarded as an external issue. It’s an infiltration technique!”

bonduelle has launched the ‘frugal factory’ project to optimize its processes.

To this end, methods that dip into industrial production’s toolbox, such as lean manufacturing, are invaluable. They capitalize on existing industrial expertise to improve energy performance and hence productivity.

Combining Perfor mance and Flexibility “The pursuit of productivity all too often focuses on labor, whereas it could be more profitable to work on energy consumption,” comments Létissier of Bonduelle, whose energy bill represents 3-8% of costs. Although the group is working on disruptive innovations to improve its processes,

Partenaire du 1er colloque national Énergie Industrie

Les chambres de commerce et d’industrie vous informent et vous accompagnent dans votre démarche d’efficacité énergétique Bénéficiez d’une visite énergie pour améliorer le suivi de vos consommations et élaborer un plan d’action pour gagner en performances et faire des économies. Les CCI vous aident également à y voir clair face à la fin des tarifs réglementés de vente de l’énergie. Retrouvez les coordonnées du conseiller environnement-énergie de votre CCI sur www.cci.fr/developpement-durable

l’usine nouvelle i n° 3412 SUpplement i febrUary 26 2015

Découvrez le projet européen « STEEEP » des CCI sur l’efficacité énergétique : www.steeep.eu

Suivez l’actu énergie et développement durable des CCI sur twitter.com/cci_dd

ENERGY EFFiCiENCY

Létissier believes “the biggest room for improvement is on day-to-day management of production lines. Maintenance and energy experts are no longer involved and it is line operators who carry out the action, monitoring energy in the same way as any other indicator”. But it could still be difficult to incorporate this indicator when factories are already struggling to keep up with increasingly unstable markets. Changing your products or producing below capacity is often synonymous with overconsumption. As Padilla points out: “Combining energy performance with flexibility is an innovation challenge.” Michel Dancette, Innovation and Corporate Foresight Director at Fives, believes this combination will be possible in the powerful digital factories of tomorrow’s

“investing in energy efficiency used

D.r.

to be a cost-cutting procedure. it will now also be done to avoid additional costs incurred by penalties.” François Létissier, r&D Director of the bonduelle Group

world. Many industrial groups are already working towards more flexible energy consumption by fine-tuning how they manage it and purchasing equipment to forecast energy requirements. By heavily investing in instrumentation, predictive software and supervisory tools, they are preparing for smart grids and dynamic electricity pricing, which will replace regulated prices in 2016. Relying on energy use and flexibility is a creative approach, which has the added advantage of being cheap. Investment will be required to take things further and replace France’s aging machinery stock. Energy efficiency alone is not enough to achieve this. The continuing low cost of electricity and the price of more effective equipment are hampering this process. The Caisse des Dépôts’ (French public investment group promoting economic and sustainable development) 5E program aimed at companies’ energy efficiency and environmental footprint will be investing 600 million Euros over five years in the sector’s leaders to start up large-scale production of energy efficient equipment. But as Padilla points out: “The investment is intended to generate production rather than energy efficiency.” Energy efficiency could receive a fresh boost from an industrial renewal. But only if 2015 sees energy efficiency integrated into company management. ❚❚

CETIAT, L’EFFICACITÉ ÉNERGÉTIQUE EN ACTIONS Le CETIAT, Centre Technique des Industries Aérauliques et Thermiques accompagne les industriels depuis plus de 50 ans dans la mise en place d’actions d’économies d’énergie : • Études d’optimisation des procédés • Études de récupération de chaleur • Accompagnement à la mise en œuvre d’un SMÉ ISO 50001 • Audits énergétiques réglementaires • Formations à l’efficacité énergétique

ACTEUR MAJEUR DE L’EFFICACITÉ ÉNERGÉTIQUE INDUSTRIELLE

Retrouvez toutes nos prestations dans le domaine de l’efficacité énergétique sur notre site Internet

www.industrie.cetiat.fr P a r t e n a i r e d u 1 er c o l l o q u e n a t i o n a l É n e r g i e I n d u s t r i e

w w w. i n d u s t r i e . c e t i a t . f r

tribune de marque by ADEME

Why is energy efficiency at the heart of industrial dynamics?

RUSHING INTO A PROMISING BUSINESS Companies in every sector are rushing to join energy-guzzling manufacturers. But the energy efficiency market has not taken off and is already changing. by Manuel Moragues

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udging by the number of companies positioning themselves on the industrial energy efficiency market, factories have enormous energy saving potential, and companies in every sector are rushing to get in on it. Equipment manufacturers consider themselves at the heart of this trend and are renewing their offers in order to take advantage of it. Energy suppliers are being forced to develop energy services, so they can stand out from competitors other than by prices after regulated retail tariffs end in 2016. Boiler, ‘utilities’ and building operators want to gain ground with their clients. Specialist design offices and consultants are springing up as quickly as start-ups specializing in energy consumption measurement and analysis. Data’s primacy has extended to energy, much to the delight of IT giants and the telecommunications industry. But there is a problem. “The market hasn’t really taken off,” says Dominique Desmoulins, CEO of EDF Optimal Solutions. “There’s very tough competition. You can’t keep up on this market as an average company; you have to be a leader,” he continues. Desmoulins is expected to forge closer links with Dalkia France, which has been a wholly-owned EDF subsidiary since summer 2014. “The market is becoming more structured,” observes Denis Lelièvre, head of EMS development at Delta Dore. There used to be a place for small integrators, with their one-off transactions. Groups now demand a single contact to look after all their sites and enable benchmarking. But ‘easy’ action, especially on utilities (compressed air, heating, etc.), has been carried out. We now need to overcome manufacturers’ reluctance to tamper with their processes, which will only be achieved by experts in their field. The energy efficiency business is both promising and tough. ❚❚

l’usine nouvelle i n° 3412 supplement i february 26 2015

Competition is fierce in the energy optimization race.

action involving greater or more innovative investment, which requires time and a structured approach. This presupposes a real effort between industrial energy consumers and the engineering or manufacturing firms that help design their projects.

Sylvie PADILLA, head of companies and Green Technology Department, ADEME

Industry currently consumes a quarter of France’s energy and a third of its electricity. This causes significant greenhouse gas emissions and major energy dependence, which shows up directly in industrialists’ bills. Faced with this trend towards higher energy costs, it is in industry’s interest to anticipate and invest in energy efficiency. This challenge for the future will be addressed shortly at the first national industrial energy efficiency colloquium organized by ADEME (Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie, French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management). Industrialists can already implement energy management systems (EMS) to cut their energy bills. This puts energy efficiency at the heart of company management. By tackling production techniques and the human element of energy consumption, this organizational phase helps improve energy management and draw up action plans to invest in commercially available high-performance technology. In addition to these immediate solutions, industrialists can also count on more medium-term

2030 Target ADEME estimates that implementing all these measures within 15-20 years, a suitable timescale for renewing already aging industrial plant, will make industry around 20% more energy efficient. To achieve this goal, energy efficiency must be part of industrial investment dynamics and become another factor in economic performance, over and above quality and reliability. It must become a real part of industrial policy and a top priority for all company directors. There are real margins for maneuver and many sources of finance available to give industrialists the best possible help. In particular, the ADEME covers part of SMEs expenses in calling on service providers. The ADEME’s heating fund helps industrialists install renewable heat generation or waste industrial heat recovery equipment. The ADEME also supports components manufacturers on the rapid development of innovative, competitive technology as part of the ‘Investment for the Future’ program.

www.colloque-energie-industrie2015.ademe.fr www.ademe.fr

tribune de marque puTS ThE AuDIEncE oF l’uSInE nouvEllE In Touch wITh ITS pArTnErS.

ENERGY EffICIENCY

The new siemens Ie4 motor is a model of energy efficiency.

WAYS TO REDUCE YOUR ENERGY BILL Improving competitiveness also means limiting energy costs. There are many ways to achieve this, whether by managing processes or changing machinery. by Manuel Moragues

t a time when French industrial competitiveness is a national issue, energy urgently needs to be seen as a production cost. Optimizing energy bills should be at the heart of all processes, especially since this investment can be recouped quickly.

ManagIng your bIll Reducing energy purchases does not always mean consuming less. Energy savings can be made by ensuring that furnaces, pumps and other compressors do not start up at the same time. This smoothes out consumption, enabling power contracts with electricity suppliers to be reviewed. Reducing a supply agreement from 350 kW to 280 kW saves 10,000 Euros a year. “A few automatic control devices are enough to achieve this, with return on investment within eighteen months,” says Denis Lelièvre, head of energy management systems development at Delta Dore, an SME specializing in energy management. By managing power cuts to equipment, heavy financial penalties for exceeding supply agreements are also avoided.

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Competitiveness

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Consumption can also be adjusted to tariff, as a French animal rendering plant has understood very well. Its continuous process starts with carcass grinders and ends with cookers, and has a four-tonne capacity mixer in the middle. In other words, there is this much buffer stock to play with. “When the site’s power demand comes close to exceeding its limit, the power supply to one or even two cookers is cut automatically. The mixer fills up as the power level drops,” says Lelièvre, who partnered this manufacturer to optimize its power consumption. Penalty charges are avoided without lowering production capacity since the grinders are not affected. Power consumption can also be adjusted via the mixer. “One of the cookers is stopped for thirty minutes during peak tariff period and operates when the tariff is three times cheaper,” explains Lelièvre. These savings are said to give a return on investment within thirty months.

To lower energy costs, furnaces, pumps and other compressors should not start up at the same time.

FInDIng THe rIgHT MoTor sPeeD Some 12 million motors are used in the French industrial and tertiary sectors, which account for two thirds of electricity consumption in these sectors. We therefore need to consider optimizing their energy efficiency. Especially since they are often 15-20% bigger than necessary, which causes energy losses. Rather than using speed reducers on motor outputs, “variable speed drives installed upstream function directly at the required operating point,” says Thierry Dalle, head of drive technology business development at Siemens France. A city water supplier engaged Seimens to fit variable speed drives to four 132 kW-pumps. This reduced power consumption by 25% and gave a return on investment (20,000 Euros per variable speed drive) within eight months. Furthermore, these variable speed drives enable manufacturers to optimize power consumption dynamically, adjusting it as closely as possible to fluctuating pumping needs. “Although manufacturers are not necessarily aware of it, these solutions also exist for motors with an average tension of several megawatts. But with proportionate energy savings,” adds Dalle.

Mandatory high-efficiency motors motor energy efficiency is now mandatory. since 1 January 2015, new 7.5 kW-375 kW motors must be in class ie3 and have efficiency of around 9798%. this comes at a price. “the purchase cost can be 10-15% higher for low-power motors,” says thierry Dalle of siemens. in 2017, this legislation will also apply to 0.75 kW-7.5 kW motors. the only authorized alternative to class ie3 is to fit less energy efficient motors with variable speed drives.

this pushes up the price, even though energy saving certificates reduce the bill. Variable speed drive regulations are to change. “some manufacturers - of motor fans, for example - will have to make commitments on the overall performance of the energy chain. We’re preparing an ies efficiency class with motor/ variable speed drive system for them.” seimens has therefore just released a range of motors with optimized variable speed drives. and its ie4 motors. ❚❚

reTaInIng HeaT Thermal insulation of hot fluid pipes and tanks is a simple, always possible, and cheaper way to make considerable energy savings. “Industrial insulation specifications were drawn up fifty years ago and were only concerned with protecting operators,” says Alexandre Marconnet, operations manager at Kaefer Wanner. “They did not consider heat retention at all.” Brasseries de Tahiti entrusted Kaefer Wanner with renewing the insulation of its 3 kilometers of hot water and steam pipes. This work cost 300,000 Euros, reduced fuel consumption by 7% to 9%, and gave a return on investment within fifteen months. Investment can be recouped very quickly. Kaefer Wanner estimates that a refinery in northern France, which stores hot products in large tanks with non-insulated roofs,

By managing power cuts to equipment, heavy financial penalties for exceeding supply agreements are avoided. l’usIne nouvelle i n° 3412 supplement i febRuaRy 26 2015

could recoup its investment within seven months. Its heat losses are estimated to cost over 300,000 Euros a year.

buyIng CuTTIng eDge MaCHInery Although a more considerable investment, making a leap in technology to buy crucial equipment for your processes can pay off. Co-developing machinery with engineers may even put you ahead of your competitors. Tried and tested equipment is also an option. Heat-recovering regenerative burners used in ceramics can make foundry pre-heating furnaces 30% more energy efficient. Compression crushers for cement works can achieve energy savings of 15-35%. In other words, a saving of around 1 million Euros a year for an average cement works. Won over by Fives’ machine for washing and drying engine block parts, a car manufacturer reduced its power consumption by 50%. This also reduced the amount of effluent to be reprocessed, which also lowers production costs. ❚❚ 11

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Methods

MORE LEAN, LESS ENERGY Energy consumption is a factor influencing industrial performance. Okavango Energy, a consulting firm, uses lean methods to optimize energy consumption. by ManueL MOragues

veryone is in favor of making their factory more energy efficient. But how? Where do you begin and what is the advantage? Manufacturers are often in the dark. “We’re nevertheless experiencing a revolution,” says JeanPierre Riche, CEO of Okavango Energy, a consulting firm. “Energy is a lever for competitiveness, as quality was in the 1990s. Energy performance must be integrated into industrial management.” With its Leanergy method, Okavango is applying lean to energy. “Everything starts with the product. We eliminate all energy consumption that does not add to a product’s value,” explains Riche.

Optimizing technical equipment This approach, which involves an exhaustive, unbiased audit, enables processes to be challenged, if necessary, to improve waste targeting. A dairy processing plant received milk at 6°C to pasteurize it at 80°C and skim it at 40°C. It was then cooled down and stored at 6°C. When it needed to be turned into cheese, it was reheated to 40°C. “This intermediary 6°C stage, which cost energy to heat the milk, was the result of buffer stock. But there was no point treating all the milk like this. The buffer was reduced to a minimum, meaning that most of the milk now avoids this intermediary 6°C stage,” points out Riche. Improving how products and their needs are thought out also shifts perspective, whereas measures to improve energy efficiency usually involve optimizing technical equipment.

Lean methods have reduced energy consumption in milk processing.

A boiler was generating steam at 100-150°C to heat water to 60°C used in a duck-slaughtering process. “Installing a steam recovery unit on the boiler would have improved its energy performance, with a good return on investment. But this would have been a waste of money since the product does not need steam. It was far more cost effective to replace the boiler with a heat pump that heats water to 60°C,”

A METHOD ENABLING MANFACTURERS TO IMPROVE THEIR ENERGY PERFORMANCE

● CHANGE MANAGEMENT Optimizing energy performance involves transforming company practices. Lean language and tools help partner a company to implement particularly cost-effective operational measures.

The actual energy performance of production processes needs to be measured to carry through an action plan and ensure long-term benefits. To isolate the various factors involved, indicators are drawn up on the basis of 6-sigma indicators.

● MEASURING PERFORMANCE

pascal guittet, D.R.

● START WITH PRODUCTS Lean energy methods establish a basic principle: eliminate all energy consumption that does not add to a product’s value. An audit can identify what is strictly necessary for a process and helps track ‘overquality’ and performance.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

“If possible, the least energy efficient equipment should be used to maximum capacity to optimize its energy performance.” Jean-Pierre Riche, ceO of Okavango energy, a consulting firm

without investment,” says Riche. As result of around twenty measures costing 1,000 Euros each, an electrical contact manufacturer has made energy savings of 120,000 Euros a year. This operational approach is especially attractive to SMEs on a tight budget. It often involves challenging production methods, which is never easy. But the specific agility of small companies, with shorter decision-making processes and an ability to mobilize their teams, works in SMEs’ favor. Although interfering with processes generates resistance, using ‘industrial Esperanto’ – lean methodology’s own language – helps overcome them. “It wasn’t easy to convince production and maintenance,” admits the operations manager of an electrical contacts manufacturer. The lean spirit enabled the production manager to make sense of an energy efficiency approach. Simon Augereau manages Fermiers du Gers’ slaughterhouse in Saramon. It is one of two sites operated by this SME generating turnover of around 70 million Euros a year. A huge energy efficiency program has been launched on both sites, with ISO 50 001 certification at stake. Augereau has appreciated the pragmatism of the lean approach: “The potential benefits of any action are always given along with the difficulty – financial, organizational, etc. – of implementing it. Although processes are challenged, any proposed changes always stop short of making them less efficient.” Augereau used Kaizen energy workshops to show his teams “working on industrial performance on a day-to-day basis” that “energy was another lever to be activated.” points out Riche. Lean tools rely on operational management of industrial sites, in particular on working at maximum capacity. “If possible, the least energy efficient equipment should be used to maximum capacity to optimize its energy performance,” says Riche. An electrical contact manufacturer had two air dryers switched on permanently. “By analyzing consumption, capacities and needs, Okavango proved that one of these two dryers was used mainly in emergencies,” says the site’s operations manager. “Now just one of the dryers stays switched on. The other one has been turned off, although a failover system enables it to be used if necessary.” A food-processing site was using four walk-in coolers that were never full. After reorganizing flows and storage, just two of them are now used.

Kaizen and 6-sigma workshops “Some 30-50% of potential energy savings are linked to operational measures, which can be implemented quickly and L’usine nOuveLLe i n° 3412 supplement i febRuaRy 26 2015

intrinsic consumption “Optimizing a site’s energy performance means a program that transforms a company,” says Riche in summary. “You need to use every change management tool to accomplish it.” Establishing and monitoring reliable performance indicators is essential. Okavango has developed algorithms from 6-sigma (a management method drawn up by Motorola to improve process quality and efficiency), which models production processes’ energy consumption according to the factors influencing them: product mix, raw material quality, external temperature, etc. This means manufacturers can better understand and anticipate their energy consumption, and provides them with ‘intrinsic’ energy performance indicators for their installations. Augereau has integrated them into his IT system to monitor “energy consumption in the same way as productivity or material yield.” There is no longer any question of being in the dark about energy. ❚❚ 13

ENERgY EffICIENCY

load management

IT PAYS TO ADJUST YOUR ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION Smart grids aim to rely on electricity consumption management to deal with strains on the network. Manufacturers are involved in this process, which has only just begun. by manuel moragues

e smart, slow down your production! The electricity you save on could be as valuable as electricity generated by power plants. Although this equivalence may surprise people -and annoy electricity companies [see page 16]- it is logical when viewed from the perspective of electricity networks, whose priority is balancing electricity generation and consumption. This principle is an integral part of smart grids, which aim to manage consumption so that electricity is transmitted more cheaply in a network under increasing strain. Manufacturers have all the resources they need to take part in this revolution. Power-intensive sectors have been first off the mark. Ciments Calcia first reduced –shed – its consumption for EDF in August 2003, when a heat wave forced EDF to limit its nuclear power electricity generation. After joining the load management operator Energy Pool, Ciments Calcia then

switched to RTE’s (French electricity transmission operator) more attractive bid-based offer. Calcia now has 35 MW spread over eight sites that it can shed within fifteen minutes. This can be done up to twice a day, for several consecutive hours. Although its cement furnaces, which fire limestone non-stop are not affected, this does for example change how grinders operate by using buffer stock. Tampering with a process is never easy. MSSA’s Pomblière-Saint-Marcel factory in Savoy relies on adjusting the consumption of its 92 electrolysis cells to shed load. The cells are full of molten salt at 600°C, which produce metal sodium and chlorine. The site is classified Sevesco high threshold. “Reducing or pushing back up cells’ electricity supply makes them unstable. There’s a risk of the salt crystallizing and cells being ruined. It may even cause chlorine discharges or sodium overflows, which start fires,” says Alain Marguier, head of MSSA’s technology and processes department. MSSA has used modeling and tests to study these critical transition phases, and invested 200,000 Euros in more sophisticated process management tools. It can now shed 15 MW, i.e. almost half of its electricity consumption within six minutes. This can be done up to twice a day, for at least an hour. “Most of the work and investment was in convincing and training our teams,” says Bruno Gastinne, MSSA’s CEO. “All their training has been focused on process optimization. Load management asks them to do something that goes completely against the grain.”

lower earnings from load management bids How much do manufacturers earn from load management? In 2014, Ciments Calcia made several hundred thousand Euros on RTE’s load management bids. This is essentially the fixed premium value of 35 MW made available to the grid, which is used five times a year. MSSA earned 50,000 Euros on load management bids for 15 MW - used 15 times a year - and another 70,000 Euros on 10 MW valued for RTE’s emergency (fast) reserve in 2014. These earnings have dropped significantly. “Our remuneration from load management bids

HOw TO MAkE MONEY fROM REDUCINg YOUR ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ● As Power

Manufacturers sell their capacity to reduce consumption. Their remuneration is essentially a fixed premium per MW, with the highest remuneration given for the shortest activation time. This market is currently based on RTE’s load management bids. The market is expected to take off from 2016 as a result of the capacity mechanism.

● As Energy

● As a System Service

This involves selling what is effectively unused energy over a given period (e.g. one hour). MW hours shed are valued as ‘real’ MW hours on RTE’s adjustment mechanism (which corrects forecasting discrepancies) or on the energy spot market (since 2014).

Load management can form part of network fine-tuning. RTE experimented with this in 2014. Real-time adjustment of manufacturers’ power demands (every 10 seconds) helps stabilize network frequency. This is a very lucrative service.

2 GW

30 000

Euros / MW / year

Electricity purchased by RTE in 2015 via industrial load management

Fixed cost of a gas-fired power plant

3-4 GW

10 000

Industrial load management potential on the capacity mechanism

1.3 GW

Frequency reserves’ capacity requirement

Euros / MW / year

Load management value on RTE bids

150 000

Euros / MW / year Load management value as a frequency reserve

ENERgY EffICIENCY

has dropped four or fivefold since 2011,” complains Gastinne. This is due to manufacturers rushing into load management, only to come up against a budget that less is flexible than the offer. «France’s load management budget is ridiculous: less than 20 million Euros. It’s 25 times higher in Spain and Italy,» says Olivier Baud, Energy Pool’s CEO. The extra ten million Euros for the fast reserve has not changed anything. According to Baud, the main benefit of adopting load management is to prepare for the future. A future that will initially involve the capacity mechanism, which is due to take effect at the end of 2016 to guarantee electricity supply during peak demand. The remuneration per megawatt is uncertain, but “if load management receives the same treatment as electricity generation the market will take off,” predicts Baud. “Some 3,000-4,000 MW from industrial load management can be mobilized within three years.” System services are also a promising area for load management, which has extended to adjusting consumption. Since summer 2014, electricity consumption of electrolysers on chemicals manufacturer AkzoNobel’s Ambès (Gironde) site is automatically adjusted every 10 seconds. This helps RTE stabilize the network frequency (primary reserve mechanism). AkzoNobel’s remuneration reflects the level of service given and engineering work involved in this innovation: 300,000 Euros a year for

AkzoNobel’s adjustable 2 MW. The prospects following this experiment started by RTE in 2014 are tantalizing. “There are 1,300 MW’s of primary and secondary frequency reserves. Electricity companies are currently responsible for them, but they would really like to get shot of them,” says Thierry Teirlynck, Energy Pool’s director of operations. Energy Pool is working on this segment with other industrialists.

Towards Flexible Consumption Energy Pool began by enhancing the value of industrial power (megawatts) and is now counting on energy (megawatt hours). It is working on this with various industrialists. Refrigerated warehouses, water suppliers, etc. all have buffer stocks, which they use to increase or reduce consumption and hence act as batteries. This niche is occupied by Actility, which has just connected Belgian water company De Watergroep’s pumps to its automated demand response platform. “Value is shifting from load management to flexible consumption, says Gastinne. This will be of great value to networks confronted with rigid nuclear power electricity generation and fluctuating consumption, and for solar power plants that need to level off their electricity generation.” MSSA is working on new generation salt electrolysis cells, which will give it this flexibility. Sodium and silicon will go hand in hand on smart grids. ❚❚

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ENERGy EffIcIENcy

new Markets

LOAD MANAGEMENT, THE NEVER-ENDING BATTLE Power producers are locked in battle with start-ups promoting the use of load management to balance the grid. In France, the war between supporters of the megawatt and promoters of the ‘negawatt’ is ongoing. BY Manuel Moragues

t seems pure common sense: to cope with peaks in electricity demand, why not reduce - or shed - consumption rather than increase the production of costly peaking power plants generating CO2? It is an attractive alternative, especially for the French national grid operator, RTE. “The grid needs greater flexibility, and managing demand must provide this flexibility,” claims Thomas Veyrenc, head of RTE’s markets department. Yet developing a load management market in France is at the center of a confrontation that has been going on for over six years. Load management wants to be treated and remunerated on an equal footing with energy production. The idea of equivalence between ‘negawatts’ and megawatts has power producers up in arms, claiming unfair competition. To generate megawatts, they need to invest in power plants, whereas switching off a machine or radiator is all it takes to generate negawatts. The economic benefit of load management - apart from reduced CO2 emissions - is precisely what makes it advantageous for the community; say their operators, or ‘aggregators’, who combine loads shed by consumers to sell them on the market.

The premium sowing discord “Producers throughout the world are opposed to load management,” states Olivier Baud, CEO of Energy Pool, the French aggregator that has now moved into Japan and South Korea. In the USA, where load management took off quickly, with revenue reaching 1.4 billion dollars in 2014, the battle is also being fought in court. In spring 2014, the producers won a round against the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and its ‘Order 745’, which had imposed equal remuneration for load management and production. The affair may come before the United States Supreme Court. David Brewster, CEO of EnerNOC, the USA’s load management market leader, likened the power producers’ legal action to “lobbyists for the 16

on site at energy Pool, the electrical modulation expert, in savoie.

hotel industry trying to kill business models like Airbnb” and taxi companies fighting Uber. Load management operators are the new barbarians of the energy world! In France, the barbarians go under the names of Energy Pool, Actility, Smart Grid Energy, Hydronext and… Voltalis. Voltalis a pioneer of load management in France was cofounded in 2007 by Pierre Bivas, who has been involved in violent clashes with EDF since 2009. He also indirectly caused tempers to run high in the small world of electricity at the end of 2014 due to the draft order on demand response, derived from the 2013 Brottes law on energy. On December 9, the draft order created a general uproar when it came before the CSE (Higher Energy Council), which includes enterprises in the sector, consumer representatives and members of the administration. It has to be said that the decree does appear to be tailor-made for Voltalis and its shareholders, including the Mulliez (Auchan), Coisne and Lambert (Sonepar) families, joined in 2013 by the ex-manager of EDF Énergies Nouvelles, Pâris Mouratoglou. The order plans to award an elevated premium – 30 Euros per megawatt hour – for load shedding implemented by low power consumers (less than 36 kW, known as ‘distributed load shedding’), and for them only (i.e. not for load shedding by large consumers, such as industrialists). Voltalis happens to be France’s only distributed load shedding operator. “This premium is going straight into the Voltalis income statement,” said someone close to the case.

ENERGy EffIcIENcy

THE NEw ELEcTRIcITy BARBARIANs ● The pioneer Voltalis is

● Another load

● Actility, a start-up

the only distributed load shedding operator. It reduces the consumption of radiators and electric water heaters of thousands of private consumers. Its conflict with EDF since 2009 on the value of load shedding makes it the chief electricity barbarian.

management veteran, Energy Pool, a subsidiary of Schneider, has built up the biggest peak shaving portfolio with powerintensive industrialists, valuable customers for power providers. It is now exploring new markets such as systems adjustment and energy.

originating from the telecoms sector, uses real-time management of storage processes (refrigerated warehouses, water treatment plants) to offer energy consumption increases and reductions on the market, unused energy trading which it practices in Belgium but not yet in France.

Christophe Majani / VeoLia

Management) showing the opposite! Voltalis’ stubborn insistence that ‘its’ distributed load shedding generates energy savings is understandable. This is the only selling point it can offer the private individuals whose consumption it sheds, since it does not pay them any of the proceeds from the sale of their shed loads, unlike the other aggregators with industrialists. This is also what allows it to demand a high premium, since this premium, provided for in the Loi Brottes aims to subsidize load shedding for services rendered to the community (reduction in CO2 emissions and network loss, energy savings). For once, the CSE rejected the draft order. Energy Pool, Actility, Smart Grid Energy and associations of industrial electricity producers (Afieg) and consumers (Cleee) issued a joint statement condemning “a disguised subsidy” and a “serious distortion of competition”. The French Energy Regulatory Commission expressed an unfavorable opinion. It was back to the drawing board for Ségolène Royal, the French Minister for Ecology. The order was published in the official journal on January 22. The premium has been halved, but since it is still limited to distributed load shedding there will be further clashes. Combined with an amendment to the energy transition bill tabled with the blessing of Ségolène Royal (article 46 bis), the order annihilates efforts by the French state to ease the controversy regarding the value of demand response, which has had the sector in turmoil since 2009. The laborious process set in motion by the Loi Brottes, which, after epic struggles, resulted in a decree in July 2014, and which the order was supposed to put an end to, may be back to square one. By giving preferential treatment to distributed load shedding, the order endorses Pierre Bivas’ pet subject: ‘his’ distributed load shedding, unlike industrial load shedding, does not just shift consumption to a more convenient time. It quite simply cuts it, involving no delayed consumption. It generates energy savings. Too bad for initial studies from the Ademe (French Agency for the Environment and Energy l’usine nouvelle i n° 3412 suppLeMent i february 26 2015

rate-based demand response back in the game This is what Voltalis is counting on to escape the highly controversial ‘compensation’ introduced by the Loi Brottes obliging aggregators to pay compensation to providers for the energy they shed, a French anomaly that undermines the demand response business model. “With compensation of some 50 Euros per MWh to pay, it is very difficult to make demand response programs cost effective,” laments Olivier Baud. One up to EDF, then. Article 46 bis of the energy transition bill, which is still under discussion at the Assemblée Nationale, plans to make demand response corresponding to energy saving exempt from compensation. This is revenge for Voltalis and a casus belli for EDF. As for the rest who were resigned to compensating providers and were counting on the Brottes premium to reduce the bill, it’s the last straw! Compensation but no premium for them, premium but no compensation for Voltalis… A situation that will no doubt rekindle the debate. “If article 46 bis is adopted, the entire process will have to begin again from scratch,” comments Thierry Veyrenc from RTE. ”Regulatory uncertainty is difficult for everyone.” Beyond selling demand response, article 46 bis may also call into question the effective opening of the load management market. It brings rate-based load management (historically EPJ [peak day load reduction] and Tempo) included in electricity supply contracts back into the game. This is something EDF demanded, combined with an attempt to 17

ENERGy EffIcIENcy

secure exclusivity over sites bound by such contracts, which caused a hue and cry, and which the Brottes decree rejected. Rate-based demand response is apparently a customer portfolio management tool for suppliers, not a means of balancing the grid. It may suffocate ‘real’ demand response and prevent the emergence of an independent market. Tension is growing around article 46 bis, whilst the capacity mechanism, intended to safeguard supply from the end of 2016 and that aggregators are counting on to launch the load management market, has just been validated by a

government order. Bruno Gastinne, CEO of MSSA, which operates load management [read page 14], condemns “power producers who run down industrialists’ ability to shed load when talking to parliamentarians. This attempt to paint us as incompetent is scandalous!” The director wants article 46 bis to be rewritten: “With the Union of Chemical Industries, we want an amendment so that power shaving [editor’s note: practiced by industrialists] and not just load shedding is supported by a premium.” The load management battle is gaining magnitude. ❚❚

sTEPPING UP ENERGy sAVING ON THE fRENcH RIVIERA Faced with the threat of power cuts, Alpes-Maritimes’ manufacturers have invested in getting a grip on their energy consumption. BY our CorresPonDenT, Jean-CHrisToPHe Barla

he French Riviera generates just 10% of its electricity needs in winter. Manufacturers here live under the recurrent threat of blackouts, which they actually experienced on 3 November 2008 and in December 2009. It almost happened again on 6 February 2012 after RTE, the EDF subsidiary responsible for the electricity transmission network, issued a red alert. Many manufacturers here have initiated action, especially in Nice and its suburbs, where the Éco-Vallée National Interest Operation is running. Some 10 partners – EDF, ERDF, Alstom, Saft, Armines, RTE, NetSeenergy, Daikin, Socomec, and NKE Electronics – have joined forces in the ‘Investment for the Future’-accredited Nice Grid project. Thirty million Euros have been injected into this smart grid, which combines photovoltaic energy, storage batteries, boxes, and smart equipment to optimize energy consumption management. By early December 80% of the demonstration equipment had been installed in the commune of Carros. This includes 2,500 Linky smart meters, a solar transformer, and Saft’s first battery for residential buildings (there will eventually be 20 of them). The battery stores electricity generated during the day and releases it at night. In a national first, ERDF is testing a storage system on the industrial park’s low-voltage supply network. It includes an option to temporarily disconnect a district from the main network and supply it with electricity from photovoltaic and battery sources. EDF has signed an agreement with the coffee

“smart grids shouldn’t just stick to electricity. we aim to extend this vision to other energy streams.” serge Burtin, director of Dalkia Méditerranée

merchant Malongo, the first manufacturer that consented to stagger or eliminate almost 60% of its contract power during peak demand periods. Arkopharma, Augier, Elis, Paindor, Synergie Cad, and Virbac followed suit. Virbac has implemented an energy saving plan agreed with EDF in 2014. Veolia Environnement, Dalkia, Alstom, Sagemcom, the French National Solar Energy Institute (INES) and Supélec graduate engineering school have joined forces in another ‘Investment for the Future’ project, called Réflexe (Réponse de Flexibilité Électrique – Flexible Electricity Response). Spending a total of 8.7 million Euros over 3.5 years, it is testing a model for aggregating generation-storage-consumption systems. The goal is real-time optimization of energy supply and demand on around twenty service industry and industrial sites in the Nice Côte d’Azur metropolis and Sophia Antipolis Technology Park.

Testing ground “We can secure energy supply by making it more flexible –using available resources to stagger consumption requirements. For example, buildings’ thermal inertia provides a natural way to store energy. The Réflexe project aims to qualify and quantify this flexibility potential for the community and its acceptability during peak periods,” says Yves Bertone, smart grids project leader at Veolia Environnement. The Capenergies business cluster supports many R & D projects by start-ups and SMEs: customized smart grids (by GridPocket on Sophia Antipolis Technology Park); regulation and thermal energy storage systems (by Cristopia in Vence); energy and technical management of buildings, and solar-, hydroelectric-, and wind-power plant management solutions (by WIT in Saint-Laurent-du-Var). “As a result of the economic crisis, companies view energy as a potential source of cost-cutting, which spurs them on by guaranteeing a return on their investment,” says Franck Yvet, WIT’s marketing project leader. In 2014, WIT opened the WIT-

ENERGy EffIcIENcy

DataCenter platform to design and build energy applications with its partners (system integrators, software vendors, etc.). These applications aim to improve the energy performance of buildings managed using WIT solutions. GreenPriz, based in La Colle-sur-Loup, together with the design office Symes, has developed a range of smart plugs and boxes to monitor, optimize, and reduce energy consumption by up to 43%. Ragni, in Cagnes-sur-Mer, has designed a solar lighting range that adapts to the presence of humans and to light intensity. In Carros, Augier has developed its Augier-Box for 24-hour-a-day monitoring and control of lighting systems. Qualisteo, in Nice, has developed its Wattseeker electricity measurement and management system, which has won over GDF Suez, Veolia, EDF, Schneider Electric, Bosch, Leader Price, and SNCF. “Eco-Vallée is a good testing ground. But the region lacks big companies to speed up widespread use of these solutions,” notes Christophe Robillard, Qualisteo’s CEO. Nevertheless, Schneider Electric’s Horizon building, where 800 people work, has set Carros an example. At the instigation of its former director Christophe Bourgue, who has now retrained as a consultant on smart and connected cities on the French Riviera, the Horizon building now generates as much energy as it consumes. This innovation showroom is fitted with solutions developed by local SMEs. For example, Advansolar’s photovoltaic

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shades (which double as electric-vehicle charging stations), and Anemoos’s Pulls’Air forced-air recovery turbine.

investing in eco-Design The EcoDesign Center at the Regional Advanced Materials Center (Carma) on Sophia Antipolis Technology Park is trying hard to convince companies to invest in eco-design. Serge Burtin, director of Dalkia Méditerranée, is already preparing future stages: “Smart grids shouldn’t just stick to electricity,” he says. “We aim to extend this vision to other energy streams.” Lastly, the results of the Grid-Teams project in Cannes prove that users become more responsible if they receive something in return. The project examined “relevant levers to stimulate and perpetuate changes in behavior”. The inhabitants of thirty volunteer households for this experiment to reduce energy consumption received virtual money, called EcoTroks, as a reward for their efforts. They could exchange this for tickets on various forms of transportation, seats at shows, and water-saving kits. By playing the game, volunteers became 10-15% more energy efficient. GridPocket, the start-up behind this idea, is now working in partnership with EDF to extend its use. It intends to roll out the project in half-adozen European countries. ❚❚

L’Institut pour la Transition Energétique Paris-Saclay Efficacité Energétique (PS2E) participe au 1er colloque national Énergie Industrie, organisé par l’ADEME, le 18 mars prochain à Marseille. PS2E accompagne les industriels dans l’optimisation énergétique de leurs sites en initiant l’analyse au cœur du procédé industriel, des produits aux chaines de transformations. Cette démarche constitue une référence commune sur de nouveaux marchés. Elle permet de délivrer les solutions les plus adaptées et valoriser au mieux les gisements d’économie d’énergie à l’échelle d’un site industriel. À cette occasion, PS2E partagera avec vous son approche et son expérience de l’analyse énergétique, notamment au travers d’un atelier et de nombreux témoignages.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Strategy

SCHNEIDER, THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY CHAMPION In ten years and after 130 acquisitions, this circuit-breaker manufacturer has become an energy management giant. Energy efficiency is its core principle. by MAnuel MorAgueS

An acquisition a month The group’s vision is based on broad trends: urbanization and industrialization, which are converging to increase energy demand, and reducing the environmental footprint. Rising energy prices are also forcing energy efficiency, which is made possible by new connectivity and digital technology. Tricoire, who has headed Schneider since 2006, delivers this vision personally. First, to Schneider’s clients: “Jean-Pascal Tricoire wants to be able to give a simple explanation of what we do for clients. Stating: ‘I’m going to help you become more efficient and save energy’ says more to clients that explaining the complexity of our business. And it’s what they 20

Schneider has expanded while also consolidating its original business sectors.

really need,” explains Crochon. Tricoire spares no effort to hammer home this vision in-house. Every month, he broadcasts a video to employees, sharing his vision and setting a course: a push on selling solutions, reducing stock, raising prices, etc. “He’s far more hands-on than his predecessor,” says one of the group’s former senior executives. “Whereas Henri Lachmann used to make suggestions, Tricoire tends to say: ‘Get it done!’” “Schneider’s strength is its very close cooperation between management and operational staff, which ensures exemplary coordination between its strategy and operations,” says an admiring Olivier Mermuys, marketing director at the Alsace-based SME Socomec, and a former Legrand employee. The group’s strategy is based heavily on acquisitions: 130 since 2004, costing around 15 billion Euros. All these acquisitions follow two complementary rationales:acquiring major expertise in a given sector to provide specialized energy management solutions, and dominating volumes and market shares to optimize product sales. Its latest deal, the acquisition of Invensys for 3.8 billion Euros a year ago, arose out of both these rationales. It has helped Schneider consolidate its automation and control systems expertise by moving into the continuous process industry. This is taking Schneider to the heart of processes in the petroleum business, which has heavy demands for energy management solutions. A methodical approach is adopted to target sectors with both need and potential to improve energy performance. Aware that data centers consume too much energy, Schneider acquired APC in 2006. This suddenly made it the market leader for inverters.

monty rakusen’s studio / schneider

chneider Electric, the global specialist in energy management. This signature of the French Schneider Electric Group, inspired by its CEO, Jean-Pascal Tricoire, although on all the company’s client communications and publicity media, is no mere slogan. Energy efficiency is at the heart of Schneider’s spectacular expansion over the past decade. The group’s turnover almost tripled in 2013, reaching 23.5 Euros and an EBITA margin of 14.5%. This former manufacturer of circuit breakers, contactors and other relays now holds the leading or second position on 90% of its sales, and has emerged as a key influencer of energy management solutions. Schneider has applied method to build up this domination: expanding to buoyant markets on every continent, consolidating its original business sectors, and becoming indispensable to its clients. It has a core principle:“Energy efficiency is at the heart of our development strategy, whether for our positioning with clients, internal investments, or choice of acquisitions,” says Michel Crochon, executive vice-president of strategy and technology.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Other acquisitions in the software and cooling sectors have provided a full range of solutions, positioning Schneider far ahead of Eaton and Emerson. Realizing that the transition to smart grids was needed to optimize electricity networks, Schneider became the medium-voltage leader by acquiring Areva Distribution in 2010. It consolidated this position by acquiring Telvent software in 2011. For building energy management, the acquisition of TAC in 2003 launched the group’s building automation business. This took on a new dimension after it acquired Pelco in 2007. Schneider has since added more solutions to this sector, while consolidating its original electricity distribution business. “Jean-Pascal Tricoire’s strength has been to maintain expertise in his core business while also expanding. And when he moves into a new business sector, this is part of a continuum rather than a leap in the dark that weakens previous activities,” says Marcel Torrents, CEO of Schneider until 2003 and now in charge of Delta Dore, an SME specializing in building automation, of which Schneider holds a 20% share.

Sights set on Asia-Pacific As a result of its acquisitions and solid position in China, where it has be present since 1987, Schneider has picked up its clients in growth areas: emerging countries. This is a dated term according to Schneider, which talks instead of new economies. These now represent around 44% of its turnover. Asia-Pacific (28.4% of business during the first nine months of 2014) has now overtaken Western Europe (27.4%), which is followed by North America (25.2%). France accounts for barely more than 7% of sales and 10,000 jobs have been lost there in twenty years according to a union source. Schneider’s top management has become international, just like its CEO, who lives in Hong Kong when he is not in a plane. Schneider defines itself as a ‘completely global group’. Nevertheless, its geographical expansion must not make the group’s positioning – serving clients via money saving energy management – less clear. “It’s essential to ensure that our offer and the way we present it locally to clients advance at the same pace,” says Crochon. “To check this, we regularly force ourselves to look at the group from a Chinese, Russian, French, etc. perspective, which is very revealing.” This exercise is all the more important now that Schneider has been placing the emphasis on selling solutions since 2008. This forms its second business model – direct sale to end clients – whereas products are normally sold via distributors. In particular, Schneider is trying to form partnerships with key accounts. “Here we adopt a consultancy

“ Jean-Pascal Tricoire’s strength has been to maintain expertise in his core business while also expanding. ” Marcel Torrents, chairman of delta dore’s management board and former ceo of schneider l’uSine nouvelle i n° 3412 supplement i february 26 2015

ENERGY MANAGEMENT, A BUSINESS INCENTIVE

160000

250

employees

factories

23,5

14,5 %

billion Euros turnover

adjusted EBITA margin

FIVE BUSINESS ACTIVITIES INVOLVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Turnover for the first nine months of the year 2014 (in billions of Euros) Low voltage and renewable energy

Medium voltage

5,7

8,5 energy MAnAgeMenT

Industrial automation

Building automation

4,3

1,6 Secure energy

3,4

firm approach. Starting from strategic plans presented by clients, we identify their needs and suggest solutions,” says Cyril Perducat, executive vice-president of Schneider’s digital services. This is important to “forge solid relationships based on value rather than cost.” These relationships are then maintained by cost-effective services. Schneider’s asset is“its specialized marketing technique, which has helped it emerge as an expert in clients’ eyes and an opinion leader in the sector,” analyses Mermuys. Gaël de Bray of Société Générale, adds: “Although Siemens and ABB have at least the same skills on the products comprising their solutions, Schneider has made a big effort to package and market well-identified solutions.” Schneider has also invested heavily in software, which provides essential intelligence for energy performance and solutions. “Within the electricity sector, Schneider has made one of the fastest transitions to digital technology,” says the CEO of a start-up software vendor selling energy management programs. “It still has a long way to go, which is only natural when you consider where it’s come from. As well as making circuit-breakers sold by Rexel, it has the ability to provide real-time, 3D management of data centers!” Although Schneider is performing a balancing act, its cohesion remains intact. “We’ve been careful not to over diversify. Turning into a conglomerate is out of the question. Schneider Electric is focused on energy routing,” says Crochon. And energy efficiency is its identity. ❚❚ 21

ENERGy EffIcIENcy

Energy retrofits

INDUSTRIALIZING BUILDING RENOVATIONS The energy transition law may speed up energy efficiency work on buildings. But to step up the pace, thermal renovation will have to go industrial. by ManuEl MoraguEs

Essential skills development Building materials manufacturers have been investing in energy efficiency since the Grenelle Environment round table. Siniat, a plasterboard manufacturer, has extended its insulation products range. In mid-2013, it launched a 25-million Euro investment plan spread over four French polystyrene factories. Saint-Gobain has injected 100 million Euros into a glass wool factory in Chemillé (Maine-et-Loire) that opened in 2010. Knauf Insulation commissioned a similar site in Lannemezan (Hautes-Pyrénées) in 2010, investing 155 million Euros. Manufacturers have also improved their products’ performance to meet energy renovation requirements. This is a growth driver in the face of new buildings at rock-bottom prices. Energy renovation accounts for half of Saint-Gobain’s building materials business, compared to just 22

The urban renovation program in the Pré-gauchet district of nantes includes thermally insulating buildings with fiberglass.

over a third ten years ago. At the beginning of last December, Jacques Pestre, assistant general manager of French distribution for Saint-Gobain, and co-director of the energy renovation of buildings plan for New Industrial France, said: “The entire profession is stuck […] in a bottomless pit. Energy renovation is our last hope.” Implementing it will be difficult. Big firms such as BTP, Bouygues, Eiffage, and Vinci have developed their energy renovation skills and structured their business. They even offer guaranteed results, with energy performance contracts for the service sector and social housing. But “apart from in general contracting, the offer isn’t ready. Most small businesses aren’t up to the mark,” says Olivier Sidler of Enertech, a thermal design office. These SMEs–over 90% of building companies employ less than 10 staff–dominate the fragmented residential housing market, which is central to energy renovation becoming a mass phenomenon.Unawareness of energy efficiency, poor coordination between trades, which ruin one another’s work, and too many poorly trained workers unable to achieve the high standards of precision required are all faulted.

daniel joubert

he pressure is mounting. The French energy transition bill reasserts a target for energy efficiency renovation of 500,000 homes a year from 2017 onwards. This requirement to improve buildings’ energy performance has gained legal ground. It will apply to the least energy efficient private housing by 2030 and to every building whenever major building work is undertaken. We need to step up the pace. Apart from sporadic, piecemeal work, less than ten thousand low-energy building (LEB)-type energy renovations are carried out in France every year. Stimulating demand will not be enough. Stepping up the pace of this work means changing the offer. The public works and civil engineering, and building materials sectors are well aware of this. They are trying to crank up the pace of energy renovation to an industrial level. There is no need for breakthrough innovations to achieve very energy efficient buildings. “We’ve got the technology, products, and materials,” says Jean-Robert Millet, deputy director of energy and the environment at the French Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB). And they can be mass produced.

ENERGy EffIcIENcy

The RGE (Reconnu Garant de l’Environnement) program is a label identifying companies that have implemented eco-friendly energy efficiency policies. Launched in 2011 and extended in 2013 and 2014, it aims to improve energy performance skills in small companies. There is an incentive: using RGE-labeled professionals is now obligatory to receive energy renovation financial aid. Since this environmental cross-compliance was announced in June 2013, the number of RGE-labeled companies has soared. The French Building Federation listed almost 27,000 of them in mid-December. Small companies have, nevertheless denounced the complexity and cost of RGE labeling, as well as the rapid transition to environmental cross-compliance. As a result, these measures have been simplified. Manufacturers are pushing the RGE program. The label now forms part of training provided by materials manufacturers in their training centers, and trading companies are expected to fall into line with it during the first quarter of 2015.

More standardized work Beyond training, energy renovation is in search of a model. There is no shortage of suggestions: the Green Building Plan, the Energy Renovation Plan, and think tanks such as the Shift Project. They have provided inspiration for the energy transition bill. In particular, the measures planned exploit the notion of constraint: as well as imposing energy renovation measures whenever major building work is undertaken, energy performance is expected to form the basis of bonus-malus systems for owner-lessors and of adjustments to transfer duties. Other measures are intended to give structure to energy renovation: a “digital record of maintenance and monitoring” for houses will be required for new buildings from 2017 onwards. By 2025, it will also be required for all houses whose ownership has transferred. The idea behind this is to assemble all information about a building during its life span. This is to achieve consistency in various energy renovation works for a given LEB performance target carried out over time. There needs to be an end to work of a disorganized nature, which pushes up costs and does not fully exploit a building’s energy saving potential. It even risks destroying this crucial potential for achieving French energy efficiency targets. The building sector needs to implement the right solutions quickly and carry out meticulous energy renovation works as uniformly as possible, even though every building is unique. To this end, the spread of digital diagnostic and implementation tools is a major lever (see opposite). Reducing the current complexity, which is related to the existing housing stock’s diversity, is absolutely essential. “It’s impossible–and pointless – to deal with 500,000 houses on an individual basis,” says Sidler. “We need a simple, calculation-free method by which performance targets can more or less be achieved.” Sidler has therefore established ten combinations for energy renovation work. These represent ten options for thermal resistance features, added to various parts of a building’s shell to achieve average energy consumption of 50 kWh/ m2/year. In this way, small companies can choose l’usinE nouvEllE i n° 3412 supplement i february 26 2015

Mortenson Conception uses the biM 360 application to improve its on-site data management.

stepping up the pace with 3 D and digital technology digital technology has now reached the building sector: building information modeling, digital mock-ups, 3 d scans, etc. this new technology is essential to improve coordination on energy renovation building sites, reduce costs and lead times, and improve service quality. rehabitasystem, a project supported by the eskal eureka business cluster in the basque Country, is recognized by the french investment for the future program. it is developing a building site process based on 3d imaging and digital technology.

the process starts with a 3 d scan, which digitizes the entire building. 2 d plans are then extracted and put online. everyone working on the building site can consult and modify them. this has resulted in a shared, precise support that helps everyone prepare their work as well as possible and limits interfacing problems. rehabitasystem is also testing the transition from 3d scans to true digital mock-ups, which integrate all technical and economic features of a building so that design offices can carry out thermal simulations. ❚❚

the most suitable combination for the buildings they deal with. This highly simplified diagnostic method also reduces the number of products used. Consequently, the work is easier and hence more reliable. It is also standardized, which helps cut costs. The idea behind these work packages is to structure the offer and provide fairly uniform, almost automatic responses. To take things further, building and insulation specialists’ products and systems will have to be better packaged: for example, an off-the-shelf offer stamped “transition to performance category B”. The diversity of buildings is not an insurmountable difficulty. As with cars, energy renovation of buildings can set its sights on a wide range of end products with fewer components. In short, it needs to go industrial. ❚❚ 23

ENERGY EffIcIENcY

Interview

“BUILDING ENVELOPES ARE OUR PRIORITY” Pierre-André de Chalendar, CEO of Saint-Gobain, details the strategy that has positioned his group as a champion of energy efficiency. In particular, he is relying on sustainable building to step up the pace in emerging countries. INTERVIEWED BY OLIVIER COGNASSE, PASCAL GATEAUD, AND MANUEL MORAGUES

ierre-André de Chalendar welcomed L’Usine Nouvelle to Les Miroirs, a tower block in Paris’ la Défense business district that accommodates Saint-Gobain’s head office. He had just got back from Shanghai, where he launched the 350th anniversary celebrations of the former Royal Mirror-Glass Factory established by Louis XIV and Colbert. This was a way to focus his group on the future: sustainable housing, with energy efficiency at the heart of its concerns. De Chalendar has been reorienting Saint-Gobain around this strategic priority since his appointment in 2007. He explains how selling off Verallia (glass jars and bottles) and acquiring the Swiss company Sika will speed up this transformation in 2015. With a foothold in 64 countries and a turnover of 42 billion Euros in 2013, Saint-Gobain, the world leader in insulation and number two worldwide for flat glass, is already a champion of energy efficiency in the building industry. The sector represents a third of its sales, and this share is increasing every year. De Chalendar is confident that unused energy is the best way to combat global warming. Building envelopes - Saint-Gobain’s business focus - are the priority. Sika will help Saint-Gobain consolidate links between its various business segments to create higher added-value solutions.

“Many of our solutions are based on comfort: thermal, acoustic, air quality and visual. We closely monitor these trends, which are linked to demography and the standard of living.” 24

For de Chalendar, energy performance is Saint-Gobain’s growth driver in mature economies, where it does 80% of its business. Energy performance is also a vehicle for development in emerging countries since insulation means thermal comfort. De Chalendar combines it with other types of comfort: acoustic comfort, visual comfort, etc. All models show that demand for comfort inevitably rises when a country’s standard of living improves. By putting his money on sustainable housing, de Chalendar hopes to conquer new markets. The energy transition bill is being discussed in parliament. What do you think about the place energy efficiency has in it? These guidelines are on the right track. They contain plenty of measures on energy efficiency renovation of buildings. Tackling our existing housing stock is the key to far-reaching action. The old legislation did not address the pace and quality of renovation so well, whereas they are tackled by this law. I think it’s important to stimulate insulation work via compulsory energy efficiency renovation during major building work, and improve the quality of this work via the RGE program [Ed. note: Reconnu Garant de l’Environnement, a label identifying companies that have implemented eco-friendly energy efficiency policies]. We’re actively involved in this program. There’s an enormous training problem. We need to train building tradesmen, who are often very keen to learn. What impact could this law have on energy efficiency renovation of buildings? I think it will have major impact. Just look at how the Grenelle Environment Round Table impacted on the 2012 thermal regulations. France has radically changed how new buildings are constructed and caught up after lagging behind in this field. Saint-Gobain sees direct evidence of this: we have a large differential - more than five points - between sales of our building and insulation materials on a market that has been in poor shape for the past two or three years. On a more downbeat note, we’ve been waiting ages for this energy transition act. Parliament is still discussing it and we’ll have to wait even longer for decrees detailing many of the specifics, especially financing and tax. We need to speed up the process! Otherwise, it’s entirely possible that the short-term situation will be worse than the status quo. What place does energy efficiency hold in Saint-Gobain’s strategy? It’s a very important strategic priority for growth, even in generally unpromising contexts. Energy efficiency currently represents around a third of our turnover, and this share is increasing every year. When I took up my post in 2007, I refocused Saint-Gobain’s strategy by defining the group in relation to its markets - based on sustainable housing rather than its products. This has been a major influence on the group’s organization and operation. Building envelopes, which are energy efficiency’s priority, are a big part of our business. We used to be organized into global business units. Within a country, these various business units all too often ignored one another. Now they work together.

Is your positioning on sustainable housing a promising sector in emerging countries? Urbanization means that construction is a growth sector. There are escalating environmental concerns, as we can see in China. More generally, people demand comfort when their standard of living improves. And many of our solutions are based on comfort: thermal comfort (a term I prefer to thermal insulation, which gives the impression of being a constraint), acoustic comfort (another vehicle for major growth), air quality, and visual comfort. We closely monitor these trends, which are linked to demography and the standard of living. Generally speaking, Saint-Gobain is positioned on products requiring a certain degree of wealth. We thoroughly examine each country to see if we can set up there or if it’s too soon.

pascal guittet

“The energy transition act will have a major impact on renovation. Just look at how the Grenelle Environment Round Table impacted on new buildings.” L’USINE NOUVELLE i n° 3412 supplement i february 26 2015

In what way does the takeover of the Swiss company Sika, which their management opposes, judging it to be hostile, fit into your strategy? Sika was something of a dream for me. For the past seven or eight years, it has always been at the top of my target list in board of directors’ meetings. It’s a company that checks almost every box in our strategy. We want to increase our share of investments and acquisitions in emerging countries. Sika has a real foothold there, especially in Asia, which represents 20% of its sales. We want to reduce our capital intensity. Sika is lighter in capital than our group average. We want to innovate and go for high added-value niches to consolidate our ‘distinctive’ business sectors. This is where Sika is positioned, with the same philosophy on building materials as ours on high-performance materials (plastics, abrasives, etc.). Finally, Sika has an impressive growth rate. At the same time, you’ve launched the sale of Verallia, your glass packaging business. Saint-Gobain’s 351st year is a year of transformation. Although Sika and Verallia represent a significant shift in strategy, this is fully in line with what we’ve already announced. It’s true that if we pull off these two transactions in a year, we will have achieved a major part of the program I’ve set for the next three to five years! This is a big step, things 25

ENERGY EffIcIENcY

are moving at Saint-Gobain. That’s also why we launched our 350th anniversary celebrations in Shanghai instead of, as some people were expecting, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. It was important for our employees and partners to understand that we must look to the future rather than the past on our 350th anniversary. The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 21) will be held in Paris at the end of the year. Do you think a repeat of the Copenhagen fiasco can be avoided? The Copenhagen Summit was a fiasco because there was no agreement. But on the other hand, the summit raised awareness and made people realize that we need to reduce

“People are starting to recognize the role of companies in combating global warming. This is very positive and we’re seizing the opportunity.”

9 FILIÈRES ÉNERGÉTIQUES

au service de : • la croissance économique et l’emploi • la sécurité d’approvisionnement • la réduction du CO2 • la lutte contre le changement climatique • l’aménagement du territoire Énergies marines renouvelables • Solaire photovoltaïque • Solaire thermodynamique • Solaire thermique • Hydroélectricité • Géothermie • Éolien • Bioénergies - biomasse, Bois énergie domestique, Biogaz • Valorisation des déchets • Biocarburants

Les acteurs de l’avenir énergétique

greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change became a global issue and I think the commitments made by China and the USA in November 2014 follow on from Copenhagen. It was a very pleasant surprise, even though it’s unfortunate that both countries did not take things further. Having said that, there’s still a long way to go and it’s far from certain that an agreement will be reached at the Paris Summit. As an industrialist, are you involved in preparing COP 21? I am the president of Entreprises pour l’Environnement (EpE), a French think tank comprised of major companies, which is working on sustainable development issues. We want to demonstrate that the environment is a source of opportunities rather than constraints. Everyone is gradually realizing that companies should be seen more as part of the solution to global warming than the cause of the problem. This is an important point from the Lima Conference: people are starting to recognize the role of companies and ask for their views. It’s very positive and we’re seizing the opportunity. The Business & Climate Summit, which the EpE is preparing for May with Global Compact France and other partners, will set out some of the solutions that companies have put forward. ❚❚

400

acteurs économiques du développement durable, au sein d’une organisation professionnelle :

le Syndicat des énergies renouvelables

13-15 rue de la Baume - 75008 PARIS Tél. : 01.48.78.05.60 www.enr.fr @ser_enr

ENERGY

FOR INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES – ADEME FINANCES YOUR ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROJECTS, FROM INITIAL STUDIES TO INVESTMENT MOVE YOUR PROJECT FORWARD: MANAGE YOUR ENERGY With an Energy Management System (EMS) in place, you can deploy organisational methods and tools to guide your action to reduce energy consumption. ADEME works with companies to help them set up energy management systems; the energy audit is the first key step. This aid is granted to cover the audit carried out by a technical consulting firm. POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS : www.ademe.fr/Energie-dans-votre-atelier www.diagademe.fr or contact one of ADEME’s regional offices.

BIOMASS, GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY, HEAT RECOVERY: OPPORTUNITIES FOR FRENCH INDUSTRY Via the Fonds Chaleur ADEME offers a number of mechanisms to support industry – renewable heat production using biomass, geothermal energy, solar thermal energy, industrial heat recovery and the development of heating networks.

To obtain financing for eligible projects under the Fonds Chaleur, interested companies should submit a proposal via: • the annual national call for projects “ Biomasse Chaleur Industrie Agriculture ” (BCIAT). This call for projects covers large biomass-fueled installations, with production of over 1,000 toe/year.

Business users, keep your energy bills under control with help from the Fonds Chaleur

• New in 2015: A call for projects for large solar thermal hot water production facilities will be issued to promote solar thermal energy use in large installations, generating substantial economies of scale and thereby reducing installation costs per m² of solar array. • ADEME regional offices, cooperating with regional governments, will administer regional calls for projects to build smaller biomass, solar thermal, geothermal and residual heat recovery installations in industry. POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS : www.ademe.fr/fondschaleur www.ademe.fr/appels-a-projets or contact one of ADEME’s regional offices.

ADEME participates in the implementation of public policies in the areas of the environment, energy and sustainable development.

Find out more at

www.ademe.fr

BUSINESSES:ALL THE INFORMATION YOU NEED TO REDUCE YOUR ENERGY CONSUMPTION Handbooks, guides, and documentation on existing projects are available through ADEME, at www.ademe.fr/mediatheque Le comptage de l’énergie : amélioration de la performance énergétique dans l’industrie ADEME - DUNOD, reference 7485 - €49 Système de management de l’énergie : ce sont les entreprises qui en parlent le mieux ADEME, reference 8402 Maîtrise de l’énergie dans l’industrie des pâtes, papiers, cartons - CTP - ADEME - €116,40 Maîtrise de l’énergie dans l’industrie de la fonderie CTIF - ADEME, reference 7850 - €98 49 exemples de bonnes pratiques énergétiques en entreprise - ADEME, reference 7270 YOU CAN ALSO VISIT: www.ademe.fr/Energie-dans-votre-atelier : for information sheets on projects and on best energy practices that can be used on a daily basis, covering the following topics: • Industrial utilities: compressed air, pumping, refrigeration, steam • Processes: drying, ovens, heat recovery and recycling • Electrical equipment: motors, distribution transformers, lighting • Interior comfort: ventilation, extraction, heating and air-conditioning. ADEME information resources are also available through Chambers of Commerce and Industry, professional organisations and industrial technical centres. For further information: www.ademe.fr/entreprises-monde-agricole

www.ademe.fr

ENERGY

Business users, keep your energy bills under control with help from the Fonds Chaleur

ADEME participates in the implementation of public policies in the areas of the environment, energy and sustainable development.

Find out more at