The Origin of the Utah State Agricultural College

Utah State University

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Utah State University Special Collections and Archives

3-1953

The Origin of the Utah State Agricultural College Joel E. Ricks

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11.." tMJ " ....¡ March , 1953 THE ORIGIN OF THE UTAH STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

; j

Dr. Joel E. Ricks Head, History Department Utah state Agricultural College Our College, one of the national land grant colleges of the United states, ~

,

is

sixty~ years

old

years older than that .

, but the idea of a national insitiution is many In

our national constitutional convention of 1787 the

proposal was made to give Congress power "to establish and provide for a national university at the seat of government of the United States . "

Though this proposal

did not carry it was strongly suuported by James Madison who has aptly been called the Father of the Constitution .

In 1790 George Washington , in his first messa e to Congress suggested the institution of a national university and in 1796 he defintely recommended such an institution .

In 1806 Thomas Jefferson revived the idea of a national college

and elaborate plans were submitted to Congress but the bill was lost by an economy minded Congress .

Thus while Utah was still a "howling wilderness " the first

Presidents planned a national institution. '\

In the early decades of the nineteenth century popular government was

yreaaet;i.~t~ adopting manhood suffrage .

As 1I1is

~~

movement grew many thought-

~

ful Americans exnressed, belief that an educated citizenship was necessary if our Republic

~

~

to endure .

.

One of the earliest of our leaders to offer a definite

proposal was Professor Jonathan B. Turner of Illinois College . he became interested in education for the masses .

As early as 1833

As a boyhood friend of Lincoln

he had discussed his plans with him . After indicating the t~e of liberal education ~ " for the urofessional classes Professor Turner .ctded "The industrial class needs a similar system of liberal education for their own class" .

By industrial class

he meant all of the people not included in the professions of law, medicine and the clergy . state .

He advocated an institution for the industrial classes

This was one of the earliest suggestions for democratic

in every

college education

in America and it was prouosed at a time when such education existed for only a limited portion of our uouulation .

In 1852 Professor Turner proposed a grant of

- 2 -

public lands by Congress to each state to establish such schools. legislature asked Congress to support a land grant in 1853

As the Illinois

Ha~l~Greeley,

one of

America ' s greatest editors wrote in his powerful New York Tribune Feb~uary 26 , 1853 as follows:

"Here is a principle contended for by the friends of practical educat-

ion abundantly confirmed , with a plan for its immediate realization •••• The Legislature of Illinois

has taken a noble step forward in a most liberal and

atriotic

spirit , for which its members will be most heartily thanked by thousands throughout the Union .

We feel that this step has materially hastened the coming of scientific

and practical

educatio~

not come too soon . "

for all who desire and are willing to work for it .

It can-

In the election of 1860 Professor Turner ' s plans had oromise

of success when Abraham Lincoln said , "If I am elected I will sign your bill" .

December 16, 1861 Representative Justin Morell of Vermont introduced the landgrant bill a second time since Presi dent Buchanan had vetoed .the first bill .

It

provided for "donating public lands to the several states and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture

and the mechanic arts . "

Mr .

Morrill defended his bill vigorously and ably and stated the nurposed and necessity of it as follows : "This bill proooses to establish at least one college in each state uoon a J

sure and perpetual foundation , accessible to all , but especially to the sons of toil , where all the needful science for the

r actical avo cations of life shall be

taught , where nei t her the higher graces of classical studies nor drill our country

the military

now so greatly aD reciates will be entirely ignored, and where

agriculture , the foundation of all present and future prosperity, may look for trops of earnest friends , studying its familiar and recondite economics , and at last elevating it to that higher level where it may fearlessly invoke comparison with the most advanced standards of t he world . " The bill stated the support of at least one college in each state "where the leading object shall be , without excluding other scientific and classical studies,

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- 3 -

and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts , in such manner as the le.crislatures of the States may respectively orescribe, in order to oromote the liberal and oractical eudcation of the industrial classes in the several

ursuits and orofessions in

Thus Mr . Morril rs bill provided not a narrow but a broad and liberal educat-

life" . ion.

July 2, 1862 President Abraham Lincoln signed the bill.

His heart was heavy

since he just received the news of the retreat of the Union Army under command of General McClellan before the armies of General Lee .

But the bill he signed pro-

vided the military training so essential to the oreservation of our country in wars to come and the act also offered an education for the young men and women of America .

In 1888, Twenty-six years after the Land-Grant Act was passed, Representative Anthon H. Lund of Sanoete County introduced the bill to create such a college in Utah .

The idea of education for the neople of rural Utah came to him while he

was on a mission to Denmark .

His companion and he had visited some a ricultural

schools in that country and he was very much impressed by what he saw.

He said

to his friend, "Brother Olson we must have something like that for our beloved J

Utah" .

Returning home, Mr . Lund learned about the Morrill land grant act and

the newly passed Hatch Act which provided $15 , 000 annually for an experimental station.

Fortified by

this promise of federal backing he sought territorial

sup ort for t he realization of his idea.

The time was fortunate .

The former

territorial crovernor vetoed the appropriations bill which had been passed to meet the inst itutional heeds of the Territory and the new governor, Caleb W. West and his associates were eager to make amends.

February 28, 1888 Representative Lund introduced in the House of Representatives H.F . No . 81, "a bill for an act to establish an agricultural col ege and experiment station".

Later Mr . Howell of Cache County moved "to make the location

of the colle ge in Cache County".

March 8, 1888, the day we celebrate as Founders

Day, the bill passed both Houses unanimously.

The Governor vetoed the bill -which

.'-""""'~

' .

\

- 4 -

until adjustments were made as to appointment of Trustees and then signed the bill which had again passed .

The Lund Bill provided $25 , 000 for the purpose of erecting

suitable school buildings and purchasing land on which to conduct agricultural experiments" .

The act followed the terms of the federal law to teach such branches

of learning "as shall promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life" .

Thus Utah accepted the

idea of a broad and liberal education rather than a narrow and restricted one .

The act set forth the courses of instruction as follows : tithe English language and literature, mathematics , civil engineering, agricultural chemistry, animal and vegetable anatomy and physiology, the veterinary art , entomology, geology and such other natural sciences as may be prescribed , technology , political, rural and household economy, horticulture , moral philosophy, history, bookkeeping, and especially the application of science and the mechanic arts to practical agriculture in the field" .

Thus as viewed f r om 1888 a very broad system of education was to

be offered to the young people of Utah .

Ma

26 , 1889 the Trustees

in Logan and

described their

site for the college .

as follows:

the party unan-

themselves as greatly pI

the locat ion

site on. the brow of

hill just a

view

school seemed to give

93 acres

0

most satisfaction • •••• There is

land in this location . fair , as good as need

to the

of the Fifth Ward School tary of th July 29,

~

board to adver . e for plans for upon the sagebru

Iding . "

and wild gr ass covered bench of Old Lake

Bonneville , high enough above the valley to provide a marvelous view, the founders laid the co nerstone of a building to be lsed for the education of western democracy _ a rural college for the masses .

- 5•

The Trustees, upon the recommendation of the secretary, Mr. John T. Caine Jr . appointed Mr . Jeremah W. Sanborn of Pittsfield, New Hamnshire as Director of the Experiment Station and May 7, 1890 he was appointed President of the College .

The

first building, affectionately known as "Old Main" to the thousands of Aggies who have passed through its hall, was completed February 22, 1890, a fitting aniveraary tribute to the Father of His Country.

During the summer of 1890 President Sanborn

and the Trustees selected 8 teachers who were to have experiment station and extension activities in addition to teaching. :j

After proper advertising the new s chool onened its doors September 2, 1890

to 26 students .

The enrollment the first year reached 139 .

During the next four

years President Sanborn laid Solidly the foundations of the College . in the ways of agriculture even to irrigation . fathers farm and at Dartmouth and Missouri ,

He was trained

He had learned agriculture on his

he was fitted admirably to weld the

practical and liberal aspects into an educational program for the young people of Utah .

His objectives were three fold , to experiment in agriculture in order to

know how to improve it , to teach the young neople who came to the Institution the dignity and worth of the farm and to carry the knowledge gained on College Hill to )

the people of the Territory.

After four difficult but creative years President Sanborn left the College which he had created and nurtured .

In submitting his resignation to the Trustees he said,

"The history of the College you know.

Four years ago it was the sage brush, today

it is most broadly based , and most comnletely ecuipped , most thoroughly manned with an industrious corps of teachers , has one of the most completely organized Exoeriment Stations and the plant as a whole is in the best economic working order of any known

to me in the arid region , save the college of the great and wealthy State

of California" .

Sorrowfully President Sanborn severed his connections with the school . creative labors left a deep impression upon the people of Utah .

His

Sensing keenly

- 6 -

the needs of the students whom the Faculty and he attracted, he outlined the activities of the Institution so solidly that they have endured through the years.

With President Sanborn the origins of the College came to completion .

In the

~

next sixtYAyears seven Presidents have guided the college in serving the state and the intermountain region .

They are Presidents J . H. Paul, Joseph M. Tanner ,

William J . Kerr, John A. Widtsoe , Elmer G. Peterson, Franklin S. Harris and our present leader President Louis Linden Madsen .

Each has served well , each has made

a definite contribution to the growth of the coll ege . which t he college occupies in Utah.

We are proud of the position

We have added to Utah t s resources by experimen-

tation, we have carried the truths discovered by our scientists to the people of the state through the extension

~CAU(

division and we have taught your sons and

daughters within the walls of the College .

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,

A BRIEF HISTO Y QE ~

~

JOEL

On July 2, 1862, on

UTAH STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 1888-1945

~

RICKS, PROFESSOR Qf HISTORY

of the darkest d ys of the Civil

~ ar

hile the Union

Army reeled before the attack of Lee ' s forces, President Lincoln signed th Land Grant College Act for the creation of college t rritories for the education of the co Accepting the terms of this Act th

in th

v'rious stat sand

on people of the United state •

Utah T rritorial Legi lature of 1888 pa sed

Hou e Bill No. 81 "to establish a.n agricultural college and exper ent stationJ' 'Y the t rms of

r . Anthon H. Lund's bill nThe leading object of the

gricultural College of Utah shall be to teach such branches of learning

s

are related to agriculture and the mechanical arts, and such other scientific and classical studies

s shall promote the liberal and practical education of

the industrial classes in the several pursuits and profe sions of life . 11

The

term "industrial cl sses n implied everyon not preparing for the professions such as medicine and la .

1888.

This Act

as signed by Governor Caleb

This is th day the College celebrates a

est

arch 8,

Founder ' s Day.

)

From Ne

Hamp hire in 1890 came Jeremiah

, resident of the ne in culture and

College and

cientific

e t blished by the

he br ought to Utah his ripe experiences

agricult~re

ormon pione r .

to add to basic rural found tions so ell The first class activity of the embryo

I nstitution began S pt mber 5, 1. 90 in the "Old

ain . "

The first y ar the ne

• Sanborn to become the first

fre

. uthern

~ng

of

h t is now called

id nt and eight faculty

embers, in

classes and in daily chapel , tau ht the feder 1 program of lib r 1

duc tion to

one hundred and thirty nine students .

The enthusi

educational philosophy of the faculty

nd of the Colle e in years to come

he

rot:

"The

ducational policy of th

that man is of supreme moment,.

tic leader reflected the hen

institution never overlooks the fact

an's suprcmest pleasure mus

come from

culture, and so a liberal educat'on accompanies a practical one . ft

ental

After four

-2years of democratic direction, in which he had seen the faculty grow from nine to nineteen members and the student body to three hundred and sixty ix and the south wing ) to Old Main .m4aRl.li tR8 flout

f3eptj. ~

President Sanborn in leaving

summed up the achievements of his four years of leadership as follows: history of the College you know.

"The

Four years ago it was in sage brush; today

it is most broadly based, most completely equipped, most thoroughly manned with an industrious corps of teachers, has one of the most completely organized Experiment Stations and the plant as a whole in the best economic working order of any known to me in the arid region, save the College of the great and wealthy State of California. " The next six years , to 1900, Dr. J . H. Paul then Dr. J . M. Tanner, succeeded President Sanborn and carried fo

ward his educational ideals.

The curriculum

was expanded and the student body enrollment reached a peak of four hundred and ninety- seven in 1896.

The quality of scholarship was improved by the addition

to the faculty of a group of young instructors known as the "Harvard Crowd."

They came to the College fresh from the Harvard Yard and tried to teach their students the learning they had acquired .

They possessed an intellectual

toughness and eagerness which made examina tion time a tearful period. )

Neverthe-

less, this group raised the intellectual standards of education on the campus and two of them later became College presi dents .

In the formative ten years

the foundations of the College were well laid but the faculty was still small and the curriculum was meager .

With the coming of Dr. William J. Kerr as President in 1900, preparation was made for the

ollege to surge foreward .

As stated by one of his

contemporaries "his whole ambition was to build up and enlarge the institution . in all respects . n of the Founders.

He believed the C liege was ready for a flowering of the ideas To a convention of the Association of Land Grant Colleges in

1905 he said, "It is evident, therefore, that the work of the land-grant colleges should

I

-3-

cover a broad field, including not only the techn·cal courses required in the development of the varied industries and resourcer of the country, with thorough training in all the fundamental cognate sciences; but also the general training in language, literature, history and civics, which constitutes an essential part of a liberal education. • • • The modern demands in education forbid that '<.

any state institution of higher learning should be confined to a narrowly prescribed course of instruction. tI Immediately President Kerr began a thorough reorganization and expansion of the

~llege.

He wrote a Constitution for the government of the faculty and

students designating their relations one to the other and of both to the ~ecutive.

He expanded the College to include the schools of Agriculture,

Engineering, Domestic Arts, Commerce, Manual Training and General Science.

However, his plans were cut short by a proposal in the State Legislature for the consolidation of the University of Utah and the Agricultural College.

Though the proposal failed, an act was passed in 1905 which curtailed seriously the curriculum of the !pstitution.

In spite of the consolidation controversy)

the faculty increased from thirty-three to sixty and the student enrollment /

from three hundred and eighty to seven hundred and six in the seven years of President Kerr's leadership.

He left the College in 1907 to become President

of Oregon state College.

A

Though the

S~"JU"'"

was seriously handicapped by the Act of 1905 Dr. John

A. Widtsoe set forth as executive in

i~81

)

with determination to raise the

quality of the College work and to expand the courses to the fullest possibilities of the law.

The increasing number of state high schools in the second decade

of the Twentieth Centur,y made it possible to raise the entrance requirements, to drop many courses of a sub-college level, and to increase collegiate offerings.

Under such emphasis the number of College graduates rose from three

in 1907 to one hundred and ten in 1916. By lectures, by writings and by Dt". ~I(lf'.oe administrative decisions, stressed Agriculture, Domestic Arts and Science and I

-4Mechanic Arts. degrees.

He encouraged ambitious and talented students to seek advanced

Of this group several were to return in important capacities. To

the Mechanic Arts and Dormitory Buildings of earlier administrations were added the Smart gymnasium and an appropriation for the building of Widtsoe Hall.

.

In 1916 President Widtsoe

&.

l~~ampye

to become ,.President of the University

of Utah.

For over half of the existing years of the Collegj Dr. Elmer G. Peterson, who in 1916 was made President, has administered its affairs.

-

It has been his

task to lead the College through the close of the First World War, through peace, through depression and well into the Second World War. been monumental.

Such a task has

The youngest of the Presidents of the College when he entered

his term of office, he was also the first graduate of the Institution to be its Chief Executive.

Having been a stUdent during the period of

He has seen the College expand far beyond the fondest

dreams of the earlier Presidents.

the fight over consolidation, he sought as President to "anchor" the College so firmly upon the hill that its independent existence would be secured forever.

-

To accomplish this he set forth to enlarge the housing facilities of the School

-

and to put in practice the ideas of the Founders by legislation which would repeal the Act of 1905 and expand the curriculum greatly. increase the enrollment.

The growth of the College

his ambitions were realized.

~ince

He sought also to 1916 shows how well

In war and peace the buildings constructed

during his administration form an impressive list.

The more important of them

are the Animal Husbandry, the Engineering and the Plant Industry Buildings, constructed during the First Vorld War, the Home Management Building, the Stadium, the New Library, the Home Economics-Commons Building, the Stadium House, the Women t s Residence Hall, the Field House, .the Military Building and the Rural Arts Building.

These major buildings give the campus a most imposing

appearance in comparison with the sage brush "bench" of 1890.

The contribution of the College to the Firs t

orld far was

o~t~6""hW\~ i:Rt~lii~~A

as

-5it furnished 1376 young men for the fighting forces, thirty- three losing their lives in the service, it trained 450 men in the Reserve Officer's Training Corps, it gave technical training and militar,y drill to 680 men, and it drilled

750 young men in the Student's Army Training Corps in addition to its great aid in leading in the mobilization of the resources of the state in the nation's great hour of need.

During the Great Depression and after the enrollment of regular the

~ollege

rose rapidly from 875 in 1916 to 3393 in 1940.

8tudents ~t

Though

' ,*

8ftP81Âąmest rose above the 1940 figure in later years it was because of war

trainees.

During the Second World War in the period from 1941 to 1944) 11,767

soldiers, sailors, marines and civilians were given special training.

About

1500 members of the armed forces were housed, ~ and trained at the College.

Army Air Force Training, Civilian Pilot Training, War Production

Training, Naval Radio Training, Army Specialized Training) and Engineering Science Management War Training Programs were given by the College to assist the war effort.

As the civilian enrollment declined many of the Faculty

Members taught these war courses.

Since 1916 the College curriculum has been expanded greatly from its ver.y restrictive character of 1905.

Agriculture, Domestic Arts and Sciences and

Mechanic Arts had increased in the curriculums of President Widtsoe's administration In 1921, by law, pedagogy was added and the preparation of teachers became an important function of the Institution.

In 1926 the School was admitted to

the accepted list of the Association of American Universities which gave it "the mark of quality in scholarship in American institutions. tt

In 1927 the

Peter's Bill, signed by Governor George H. Dern, made possible the expansion of the curriculum of the College to meet again the purposes of the Founders.

Through this !ct) Engineering, Education, Commerce and the Arts and Sciences were given opportunity for full development .

From its beginning the College has maintained the democratic ideals of

its founders and the high moral character of the pioneers who founded this commonwealth in IB47.

During the fifty- five years that courses have been

taught on the campus the six Presidents and hundreds of teachers have taken the purposes of the founders in education for the common man and have made these purposes realities.

•

THE LAND GRAl T COLLEGES d '11

u~

S A

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

by Jo 1 Land

rant College

ere t d b

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originat d in the mind

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h fiGht

rs

.d

i d I i ts o f r ~

Th

they

l.n

er hi p in Ta hington.

ny id ali tio 1

d

aid for

d ho 1 d

cy

i ty

tho Un t

of

ho oh 11 n

y i! a pos i tion of

ent

mo~

p 0

beror

n

oe

on rho syrnboli z d the aohie

J

of

t

y funotion int l1ig ntly.

dr

und r

d r

n

0011 ge m

• Riok

s for

ind r ",hom h ad the 1

it d

tates , p . 85

..

-2-

r

purpos s of the colleg eduoatio

f'rmn

have

ilar

a

1

of

y

• tot

oilitl

tru philo ophy, th

01

of

id

rn r i to

thousand dol a.r mor

to

ugg

due

pr

.

d main. n2

nu trial

of Il1ino s inoorporat d t

Co gr s •

0

jt.s

nl.

n of

rs i ti ou~

tor fiv

kin

in

aoh

hundr d

"£ r th

t

indu t l i

ir

t ed t

;1

ont i

ro

1

ani

01 . 3 ntati ve Jus"

ot in 1857

intr

1 tur

duo tion ad

a pr otio 1

rant

1.

id

rant of 1 nd for th

do 'I indt stri 1 un!

eh r ;

t

houl

for und ratanding the '

t1

th r to and

d

r so ution

r otic 1

liber 1

se

t of th ir s veral pur uit • and

in 18 3 the L

an

inu tri 1

grou ps

p of

democratio ideal

th

th

H

0

In 1 52 Profas or Turn r univ r it!

d Y b for

day -

xiatin kn

pplying

rriol. n ]

hi

u

orr 11

•

it r

0

i

tIl

uoed the bill e.g in i n 1861

V

0

d th t

V<

d it P

d

bo

d

II

•

of Con

Hou

ss

signed by Abraham Lincoln July 2, 18 2 .

and e

0

pr ovidod f or the

inte

tt

ce o£ at I a t

0

collog

in

)

ver:r

th 1 ad·

tat ) wher

soientific and olassioal teaoh suoh br neh s of mechanio arts , in uch

tudi

ob'eot shall be ,

,

arning a anner

d

.nolu

08

2• 3.

•

ion

0

th

s th L islatures

of li~

i dUG r al cIa seB in th . ft

Ib id . , p. 7 • Ibi . , 91 .

Congre

at

r

in military t otic , to

related t o agrioultur

ro p etively presoribe , in order to pro ot due tion

ithout xclud' n

0

the Gta e

the lib r 1 ver

and

urs it

t

E)

y

d pr otio nd pro-

4

2nd S

1861- 2,Ap ndix p.386 .

I n defense of hi est bl! h at le st on

all th

taught, mil

oienee for th

dtul

n

11 but

r y drill our oountry no

upon

peoi lly to th

raoes of ola

so

bill propos

son

of toil, lif

0

to

h

here 1 b

ioal studies nor the

tly ap reoiate

r

8

sure and perpetual

1 avoo tion

pr oti

n ith r th high r

her

"Thi

tatedr

~orr ill

colI ge 1n eaoh tat to

sibl

found t on aoo

r.

bill

ill be entirely

i gnored . " 5 1888 , th

r y y ar that Utah aooepted the t rms of the L

Grant Aot and pass d beror

ont

~

t e

aot or egisl

It

a

tau ht any mor

- -t

t

f1 Id

than th t the meohanical t rad

b

inoluded .

t ught.

T e

hould

of

Seoondl, it

c t of 1862 pro os d a syst

a

i~ht

b

supplied by a for man of' a workshop

ot an x erim nt

of

estate

inolud d the

rovis i ons of' the

ly e t blished uni v rsities, oth r

ut

u ad the gr nt of the Land Gr

5.

bid., Part 3, p . 1935.

ta

t lot

~rri ll

r by a

Act in their

s

d t rritori s suoh

Iu

addi tio

tion n t ---... of -,;:::;-.- - - - ----- -

Tru , . C., Hi p • 108-109.

1

fa . • " 6

n

6.

s th

n an indue trial sohool nor a ere anu -s -........_ - - i-

tr ining suoh

S

aid:

tion ..L oolleg s not If: it d to __a_u_p_r_i_o_~_ · a.!. and _dw __f_e_d uoh

foran

aot

lng

a lib ral --------xoluded ----- ------ -not -to -e ----

eduo tion that

c

orr ill ape

mstru oti n

but intell · o

oarpenter or blao 8m th should b

brood e

of hi

•

not provid d th t agricultural 1 bor in th

be praoti o 11

and there t or

the Colleg ,

re on th meanin

" bviously not m u obj ot .

t in

d

0

1 fed r 1 mon y

Un ted stat

,

. ..

...

t bl1 h

to thu r

at

p

ccepted

ith th

bi11ty to

pan

nd grant

f' d ral land

rov1d

duoation for th

THE

uthor of' the Ut

D

ar

ob

th

e,

ap oi 11y in regard to

1 t

s

tudle

th benefioial n tur

rv

the t rm

to th of th

duc d

bill

h t

c

T r ritory 111

~or

888 Go

8,

• Ln. in

113

s of th uta 'Th

bil l ,

tach uc mach

ct.

nch s

•

hil

After his return

is1 tu

of utah .

nd sub • Lund

an

e t s i gn d th

t d

t nc

n t

u tur

Colle .

nt

e

11.

h e 1d a r t 1

ouno d

intro-

A

orr1ll Aot

is

J

o

by tho

It at t d:

f' 1

of' Utah sh

1 b

nt1f'lc a d cl

1

education of th industrial 01 saea .::.-----1 ----- - ----- ----- -------lib

an

R g dl

of' inst

t he c ur

and

riou1tur 1 ch 1

phy iology, th

Hou e Journal of the

8.

L

ot h l' Bri tory of

t

tr~-~~~-

Terri tor y

2..£. ___: ;. .

10

ogy , g ology

veterin y ar ,

7.

:WS ~ ~

Lund Ac

provi

dJ

I t r tur , n t

" ••• th eerin ,

otlon th

888 , p . 21 7 .

to

the

r o r lated to agrioulture

nin

nd uoh other

ica1

the

0

duo tion

r icultural colI

00

objeot of th

Leadi

ot

r nor

and d i d the lib r a1 education

te

1

ft

a

m

of p pular

grioulture.

to e tablish an

t tion. 7

to h r

Aot,

im _ t Stntions and in 1888

1 -1 lation f

Utah

C

thon H. Lund, t

•

t tion .

nt

1c 1 o .

mn y

1 b r 1

"

xper

and

0011

t

Y an

d such other

in

. ..

,

...

-5-

01 no

natural old

ho s

m

pplic tion of sci no in t e £1 1 •

agricul tur U

ct. . It

th a

Lund Act

to

9.

~i

'oJ'!" • c . . . 1

r

1'i

e a lOb ral

Ibid . , p . 218.

dm

ad the pur pon t the te

00

·ep ng and

io arts to pr oti eal

hiuh ro

d cation to th

ieu_tur

d but h d a

s

orri1l

n ' nG of th

educ tion 1 1

t to

in v r

d the nee

tor •

9

probably unfort-un to t

as us d in tlO held

ology, politioal , rur 1 and

co o y , ho tioul ture . moral ph o10sophy, h

e.p 01 lly t

T

ro orib d, t e

be

d do.ught rs 0

colI

titution r

U

0

8

eh

der !>ur os

•