Beehive History, Volume 17, 1991

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BEEHIVE 7 HISToRV -1

20th-Century Utahns of Achievement

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20th-century Utahns of Achievement This group of minibiographies is intended to highlight the lives of Utah women and men of diverse backgrounds and accomplishments.

The basic criteria for inclusion were that the person's achievements occurred in the 20th century and that he or she had not been featured previously in Beehive History or Utah Historical Quarterly. No living persons are included. No governors of the state or other very well known individuals were selected, nor were notorious characters such as "Big Bill" Haywood chosen. Indeed, the object was to showcase less well known Utahns and those who though widely recognized in their day may be unknown to younger generations.

Given such criteria the list of potential subjects was enormous. Every town has its heroes and heroines. Newspaper files reveal hundreds of men and women who made their town, their state, or the world a better, or at least a more interesting, place to live. Several issues of Beehive History could be filled with the life stories of such individuals. Those included here are not necessarily "the top 34," but all contributed to the history of the state. We are richer culturally, scientifically, politically, and socially because of these women and men.

Florence Ellinwood Allen She was the first woman appointed to a federal appellate court.

Florence Ellinwood Allen was born March 23, 1884, to Clarence Emil and Corinne Marie Tuckerman Allen in Salt Lake City where her family had moved in 1881 in an attempt to cure her father's tuberculosis. He taught at Hamlnond Hall, a school run by the Congregational church as part of the New West Education Movement. Florence was born in a house on the school grounds, the third of six children. Her father resigned after six years to go into the mining business and moved his family to Bingham. As a child Florence loved outdoor activities and carpentry.

Her father eventually studied law, passed the bar exam, and served in the territorial legislature in 1888, 1890, and 1894. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives when Utah achieved statehood in 1896. Equally active, Florence's mother was involved in a number of organizations,

including the Congress of Mothers (predecessor of the PTA), Free Public Library, and the State Federation of Women's Clubs.

While her father was serving in Congress Florence and her two older siblings lived in New Lyrne Station, Ohio, where they attended school.

The family returned to Utah after two years when her father did not seek reelection. In 1900 Florence moved to Cleveland to study at the Women's College of Western Reserve University, graduating in 1904. Then she traveled to Berlin with her mother who spoke to the 1904 International Council of Women. Florence stayed in Berlin for two years, mainly studying piano, to see if she wanted a career as a concert pianist, but she decided against it.

Returning to the United States in 1906, she taught for three years at Laurel School, an exclusive girls' school in Cleveland. She also enrolled at Western Reserve University in a master's program in political science. While there she decided to become a lawyer.

Although most universities did not accept women into law school then, she was able to attend the University of Chicago Law School for one year. In Chicago she became associated with Hull House Settlement and was induced by a friend to move to New York City the following year and become a social worker for the League for the Protection of Immigrants and the Henry Street Settlement.

Still, the law beckoned and she enrolled in New York University Law School in the fall of 1910. At first she worked during the day and attended school in the evening, but eventually she left social work and enrolled in law school full time. She supported herself by lecturing at private schools and by working for the National College Women's Equal Suffrage League.

After graduation in 1913 she moved to Cleveland. Unable to find a position with a law firm, she opened her own law office in 1914 and volunteered for the Cleveland Legal Aid Society, where she met several other idealistic young attorneys with whom she combined law offices.

Her legal career included serving as assistant county prosecutor for Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 1919-20; as judge for the Court of Common Pleas, Cuyahoga County, 1920; and as justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio (the first woman elected to a court of last resort in the U.S.), 1922-34. In 1926 she ran in the Democratic primary for United States senator but was defeated. In 1934 she was appointed to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth District by President Franklin D.

Florence E. Allen. Courtesy Western Reserve HistoricalSociety.

Roosevelt, the first woman to fill such a post. In 1927-38 Allen headed a three-judge federal tribunal that decided the constitutionality of the Tennessee Valley Authority.

She served for twenty-five years on the federal appellate bench, retiring in 1959 at age 75. At various times she had been considered a strong candidate for the U.S. Supreme Court. Among her legal accomplishments are several books she authored: This Constitution o f Ours (1940), To Do Justly (1965), The Treaty as an Instrument o f Legislation (1952), and The Ohio Woman Suffrage Movement (1952).

She died September 12, 1966, in White Hill, Ohio.

Fortunato Anselmo He was Italian vice consul in Utah and Wyoming for forty-one years.

Born October 1, 1883, in Grimaldi, Province of Cosenza, Calabria, Italy, Fortunato Anselmo immigrated to the United States at the turn of the 20th century. He first settled in Pueblo, Colorado, and worked as a reporter for the Italian-American newspaper I1 Vindice and engaged in mercantile interests. Fortunato married Anna Pagano in Pueblo in 1909. They were to have three children, Annette, Gilda, and Emma.

In 191 1 the Anselmos moved to Salt Lake City where Fortunato operated a wholesale imported

Boxer Primo Carnera dwarfs his Salt lake City host Fortunato Anselmo. USHS collections.

food business, F. Anselmo & Co. He opened another store in Carbon County where a large number of Italian immigrants had settled. He founded La Gazzetta Italiana in about 1912 in Salt Lake, quickly establishing himself as a spokesman within the Italian community. He sold his newspaper interest upon being named vice consul.

His appointment came on April 20, 1915, and Fortunato soon became both friend and official adviser to Utah and Wyoming Italians. Through the vice consul's office passed all requests for passports, visas, and other papers and documents that required official approval of the Italian government in Rome. In addition, he served as a representative of the Bank of Naples, one of Italy's oldest and largest financial institutions. In this capacity he handled the sending of money orders by local Italians to relatives and friends in Italy as well as providing tickets for traveling immigrants.

The vice consul involved himself actively in the political and social scene of Salt Lake City and Utah. In 1917 Anselmo lobbied the Utah State Legislature to have Columbus Day declared a legal state holiday. That effort failed, but on March 13, 1919, Gov. Simon Bamberger signed into law a bill making October 12, Columbus Day, a legal state holiday. On Monday, October 13, 1919, the largest Columbus Day celebration in Utah's history occurred. The Salt Lake Telegram labeled the parade as "one of the most pretentious pageants ever held in the city." All groups in the community enjoyed the celebration.

Anselmo also involved himself deeply in the lives of the immigrants and their families. They looked to him for aid in solving many of the problems encountered in daily life. He helped in bringing relatives from Italy to Utah, translated Italian into English, and acted as an adviser when legal matters were in question. One of his saddest duties took him to Castle Gate, Carbon County, in March 1924 to offer his assistance following a coal mine explosion that killed 172 men, including 22 Italians.

At the Anselmo home in Salt Lake City Fortunato and Anna greeted many dignitaries and celebrities.

They entertained the Italian ambassador to the United States, Vittorio Rolandi-Ricci, in 1920; and in 1930 Italian heavyweight boxing champion Primo Carnera visited. Fortunato greeted a distinguished group of visitors in 1936, including Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli who would become Pope Pius XII. In recognition of his consular service Anselmo received two honors from the Italian governmentKnight of the Crown of Italy and Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1923 and as such was ordered by the Mussolini government to resign his post as vice consul. He was to remain until a successor could be appointed; however, since no one was named, Anselmo remained until the office was ordered to close by the U. s . government in 1941.

But in 1950 Fortunato received a reappointment and he remained as vice consul until his death on July 15, 1965.

ed by a few small parts in nov vies such as Manhattan Cocktail (1928) and Our Modern

She instituted a lawsuit against MGM for $1

picture Trader Horn. She at first refused the role, even with the encouragement of her family, but she

(1932). By 1932 her health was so poor that she Other cast members included Renaldo Duncan

ly received a settlement for $35,000 upon the con-

On November 2 1, 195 1, she married Urial Leo

1984. Most of her later life revolved around her and they made up the dialogue as they went along.

she was especially sensitive to the sun, was bitten

Reva Beck Bosone casts her ballot ca. 7 954. USHS collections.

Reva Beck Bosone Utah's first congresswoman, she also had a distinguished judicial career.

Reva Beck Bosone was the first woman in Utah to hold many of the positions to which she won election or was appointed during her long career.

She gave her parents much of the credit for her success because they provided the same educational opportunities for her as for her brothers.

She was born April 2, 1895, in American Fork to Zilpha Ann Chipman and Christian M. Beck.

She graduated from the Salt Lake Collegiate Institute (now Westminster College) in 1917 and later received a bachelor's degree from the University of California at Berkeley. After teaching school for several years she studied law at the University of Utah, receiving an L.L.B. degree in 1930. She had married fellow law student Joseph P. Bosone in 1929, and the couple practiced law initially in Carbon County. They had one daughter, Zilpha. They later divorced.

In 1932 Reva won election to the state legislature as a Democrat. The Bosones moved to Salt Lake City the following year, so Reva campaigned for reelection in 1934 representing a different district.

Fellow Democrats named her majority floor leader. Her chief accomplish.ment in the Utah House was sponsorship of the minimum wagelhours law for women and children, which also set up the Women's Division within the State Industrial Commission.

During 1936-48, as an elected Salt Lake City judge, Bosone became noted for the stiff penalties she handed out to traffic offenders. The National Safety Council recognized her for improving Salt Lake City's poor traffic safety record. As a city judge she also promoted rehabilitation for alcoholics and served on the State Board for Education on Alcoholism. Rising juvenile delinquency rates during World War I1 concerned her as well. In a 1943 interview in the Deseret News Judge Bosone admonished parents, saying: "Before you have a child delinquent, you have delinquent parents.. ..

The child's actions and attitude toward life reflect his home teachings. " She won election to Congress in Utah's 2nd District in 1948 and again in 1950. She was a member of the House Interior Committee and supported various water, power, and conservation projects for Utah and the West. She also advocated women's rights, Indian rights, and equal educational opportunities for all years before they were popular issues. For example, in a 1947 speech to a national women's convention in New York she warned against legislation pending in some states that gave the entire disposition of community property to the husband.

Defeated in her 1952 reelection bid by Republican William A. Dawson, Bosone felt that her career had come to a standstill until the Subcommittee on Safety and Compensation of the the U.S. House Committee on Education and Labor hired her as its legal counsel in 1957, a position she held until 1960.

In 1961 she was named the chief judicial officer of the U.S. Post Office Department. She heard cases involving mail fraud, tampering with the mails, and various postal regulations. When she retired in 1968 Postmaster General Lawrence F. O'Brien noted: "Judge Bosone has always been guided by a keen sense of justice and equity. Her ability in establishing the merits of a case is reflected in the extent to which her decisions have been affirmed in the federal courts."

Bosone received many awards, including an Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from the University of Utah in 1977. In 1970 UC Berkeley named her one of 39 outstanding graduates of the previous 50 years.

She died July 2 1, 1983, in ~ i r ~ i n i a .

John Eugene Broaddus Developing national parks and monuments was his special interest.

John Eugene Broaddus was born in Plano, 11linois, January 17, 1882, to Henry Arthur and Viola Hail Broaddus. As a young man he came to Salt Lake City in 1900 and apprenticed himself to the Columbia Optical Company. A quick student, he learned the profession of making glass lenses and was soon a leading optometrist in the state. In 1906 he married Clara Louise Deighton, and they had a daughter, Viola Louise.

Optometry brought Broaddus in contact with photography and the scenic wonders of Utah. As early as 1916 he was publicizing Bryce Canyon and Cedar Breaks through word and picture. His work helped to secure national park status for Bryce Canyon and Zion. He also helped to publicize the Kamas-Mirror Lake road which opened the beauty of the previously remote Uinta Mountains to visitors. Working with E. P. Pectol, Broaddus took photographs and prepared brochures for the Wayne Wonderland Club, a group of Wayne County boosters who encouraged the federal government to establish Capitol Reef as a national monument.

In 1935 Broaddus served as a member the Utah State Museum Association which, under the sponsorship of the State Planning Board and with funds from the Utah Emergency Relief Administration, conducted an extensive archaeological and paleontological reconnaissance of southern Utah and the Uinta Basin. The geology and wildflowers of his adopted state also intrigued him, and he became a popular lecturer on those topics.

Through his work in publicizing and photographing Utah's scenery Broaddus became a close associate and fellow adventurer of Antarctic explorer Russell G. Frazier, author Charles Kelly, and Deseret News writer Harold "Hack" Miller.

In July 1937 Broaddus joined the Deseret News expedition to run the treacherous Yampa and Green rivers in northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah. He served as official photographer for the expedition as well as its chief spokesman. He publicized these wild rivers through a special radio program aired by KSL. Recalling the scenic beauty of the canyons of the Yampa, Broaddus stated: "No artist can paint and no word artist can possibly convey to the intelligence of the human mind the beauty and the majesty of what nature has given to Utah in the way of color in her deep canyon gorges.. . ." According to Charles Kelly, Broaddus "was the first en-

thusiastic photographer to visit the region, and spent much time and effort in publicizing its scenic wonders." Chiefly through the joint efforts of Broaddus, Kelly, Miller, and Frazier, Dinosaur National Monument was later enlarged by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Broaddus was a charter member of the Salt Lake Kiwanis Club and assisted club efforts to provide recreational facilities for underprivileged boys. He also served as a member of the Utah State Fish and Game Commission.

He died in Salt Lake City April 16, 1954, at the age of 72, one of the oldest licensed optometrists in the state.

Left to right: Hack Miller, Henry Millecam Charles Kelly, and John Broaddus in Yampa Canyon. USHS collections.

Arthur 1. Chaffin A road to scenic southeastern Utah was one of his accomplishments.

Although Glen Canyon gold mining was his first love, Arthur L. Chaffin made impressive contributions to his native state as a road builder and ferry operator as well as a boatman and Indian trader.

His construction of a road from Hanksville to Hite, which he then linked in 1946 with the road to Blanding by building the Hite ferry, opened up the scenic delights of southeastern Utah to automotive tourism.

Born in Cedar City on February 13, 1884, to Maria Jane Wade and George E. Chaffin, he began his mining career at agc 12 whcn hc joincd two older brothers on their claim just below Hansen Creek in Glen Canyon. He undoubtedly learned his

. rowerea e ferry and nufactured

rlverDanK engineering s~i11sIrom mem, naullng heavy equlpnient up and down the river in various ~mprov~sed motor and current-powered boats.

While st111 a young man he was hired as a watchman at the abandoned dredge built In the 1890s In Glen Canyon by Robert Brewster Stanton.

Chaftin opened a tradlng post there and dealt with Navajo Indlans. He not only survlved In this lonely and dangerous spot but prospered Chaffin's home at Hite, which he built In tne early 1930s. was a famous oaslr of fruit trees and melons that hot, weary travelers welcomed Its ~solatlon,though, kept most vlsitors away, and Chaffin sought ways to open up that scenic corner g-e;z11717of San Juan County to tourism. ,*,$ &%& H ~ t ewas named for Cass Hite, an earlier miner ,s +,,$<* who had learned ot a convenient crossing of the Colorado R~verat that pomt from Navajo Indlans. &*$k:?

The Dandy Cross~ng,as H ~ t ecalled it, served the pack trams of explorers and cattlemen well :+$: enough, but even with a boat it was an inconvenient *,. 4 *Ty< ;&&;, ? crosslng for tourlsts and impossible for automo-

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clenecd >reel, arrin rerry DC Scptc~nbcr1 7 . ,146 It saw hee ., - ,- --....0 e U I anluln boom of the 1950s.

In 1948 Challin, n h o had been marrled before and had a clciughter. marlled Della Taylor Hlclundn, a w~do\vcwth fi\c daughter\ A c l o ~ ~ofddoom hung ovcr the f llte ferry durlng 11105t of 11s histor), for the Ru~eauot Rccl~imatlon's dec151on to bu~ld the Glen Canyon L)am meant t h d the c~inyonwould he tloodcd ktr above H ~ t eChdllin loug'nt ~nthe 1960s lo1 colnpensatlon PA-. ison1 ~ h ctcdcral go~ern~nerrt tor 111s Glen C a n ~ o n p ~ o p e r t ~ ehut a had to wttle for what he 1-cg'irded as far les4 th'tn the11 true worth O n June 5 , 1964, Chaffin's fell) made 11s l,~st run As the nates5 of Lake Powell slowly closed OLCI h15 d r ~ ! c n <honle. , '~ndf e r ~at H ~ t ed cololful 35-je,11 cr,l In the h ~ i t o r lol Glen Canyon and soutlica\terrt Utah cndcd Chaffind~eclIn 1979 I

blles Automotive access to Glen Canyon began in 1932 when Chatfin borrowed a bulldozer from the Utah Hlghway Department and carved out a road ~nfamousfor 11s curves down North Wash to link Hanhsville and Hlte. Then ~n 1945 state funds bccamc avallablc to cxtcnd thc road from Hite to Blanding. For the first time, Wayne, Garfield, and San Juan count~eswere llnked by an automob~le road-U-95. Thls was not Chaffin's first road venture D u r ~ n g1922-26, whlle serving on the Waync County Commission, he was instrumental ~nsecur- , " ,Ing a number of road Improvements In the area.

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Edward Wilbur Clyde He was a "guiding forcebehind the $2 billion Central Utah Proiect."

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Edward Wilbur "Ed" Clyde was born November 23, 19 17, in Heber City to L. Dean and Ardell Buhler Clyde. He was raised with a comprehension of the importance of land and water in semiarid Utah that a son of a farmer (and later a cattle rancher himself) fully understands. He graduated from Brigham Young University in 1939 with a degree in speech and economics and from the University of Utah where in 1942 he earned his law degree and was honored as the top student in his class. Within a few years Clyde, a distant relative of a distinguished water engineer and gov-

ernor, George D. Clyde, was recognized in Utah and the Intermountain West as a legal authority on natural resources.

In 1941 Clyde married Betha (Betty) Jensen, and they became the parents of four children: Steven E., Thomas E . , Carolyn, and Susan.

In 1949 Clyde was appointed to the National Rivers and Harbors Advisory Group to aid Congress and the president in developing laws to govern the nation's waterways and harbors. Shortly after this the Utah attorney general appointed him as a special assistant attorney general to help with the colnplex legal negotiations for the Upper Colorado River Compact. His quick legal mind assured Utah of its fair share of Colorado Rivcr water. As these negotiations progressed Clyde also became involved in the legal planning for the Cen-

tral Utah Project (CUP). He later served as attorney for the Salt Lake County Water Conservancy District and the Central Utah Water Conservancy District, two key organizations in the development and eventual operation and management of this important water reclamation project.

His legal expertise was not limited to water reclamation. In 1962 Clyde was appointed to the National Advisory Council for Public Lands to review existing federal land laws. Then, with the beginning of rapid growth at the Salt Lake International Airport, Salt Lake City hired him to settle a complex land problem to allow expansion.

Committed to the values of higher education, Clyde served in various capacities at the University of Utah, including lecturer in the College of h w from 1945 to 1960. He was appointed to the university's Board of Regents in 1964 and in 1969 was elected president of the new Institutional Council which oversaw the school's growth. Later he served on the University of Utah Hospital board.

Because of his years of service to the university Phi Delta Kappa honored him in 1973 as Man of the Year in Educafion, and in 1981 he received an Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from the U. The Utah State Bar gave him its Lawyer of the Year Award in 1985, and in 1988 the U.S. Department of the Interior gave him its Citizen's Award.

In the 1970s Clyde accepted appointment to the state's Constitutional Revision Commission and later succeeded Neal A. Maxwell as chair. The commission's objectives were to review the state constitution and make specific recommendations to streamline it and improve state government.

Clyde did not aspire to political office, although he once served as chair of the State Democratic Convention. Rather, he worked behind the scenes to help revise state government, to provide direction for an expanding state university and hospital, and to render legal counsel and direction for Utah's biggest reclamation project in its history.

Ed Clyde died of cancer July 17, 199 1 .

Lantie Jesse Eldred Provoans received many benefits from this merry-go-round man.

Born February 25, 1870, in Gardner, Illinois, to Florence Potter and Jesse Eldred, Lantie Jesse Eldred was orphaned at age 12. He bought a merry-go-round when he was 22 years old and headed west. In California he developed a successful carnival until the 1906 earthquake disrupted business.

Before long Eldred and his carnival, which he operated until 1931, arrived in Provo where he spent the rest of his life. He ran a skating rink for a while and operated the Utahna dance hall from 1924 until 1951 when he donated it to the city. As the Eldred Recreation Center, it primarily served senior citizens. When it was demolished to make room for a new post office, Provo city erected a new senior facility, the Eldred Center, elsewhere.

Since Eldred and his wife, Mildred, were childless they decided in 1955 to will their estate, valued at more than $300,000, to a Utah County foundation to encourage the building of a residence hospital for the chronically ill and aged.

The old Utah County Infirmary was considered a fire hazard. In January 1959 the new 80-bed Eldred Sunset Manor (also called Eldred Hospital) opened at 1775 South Dakota Lane, financed by county and federal funds in addition to the Eldreds' grant. As community needs changed the building was modified for other uses and the Eldred name dropped.

The Eldreds' generosity also secured iron lungs for two hospitals, helped solve ambulance service problems, procured two-way radios for the police, and assisted many individuals fiqancially.

The Eldreds "were not prominent socially," according to an editorial in the Provo Daily Herald.

"They didn't make much of a splash in public affairs. They were just plain people-but with big hearts, people whose philanthropic activities will benefit the people of this area for years to come.''

L. J. Eldred received a Distinguished Citizen %ward from the Veterans of Foreign Wars in 1946. He was an active member af the Elks, Masons, Knights of Pythias, and Odd Fellows. He died September 1, 1963.

L. J. Eldred, 7 953.

Deseret News photograph.

John Dennis Fitzgerald This noted author of young adult books created the Great Brain.

John Dennis Fitzgerald was born in Price, Utah, on February 3, 1906, to Thomas and Minnie Nielsen Fitzgerald. His father had a pharmacy degree but engaged in a number of business ventures and served on the Price Town Council for four years. John graduated from Carbon High School and at the age of eighteen left Utah to pursue a career as a jazz drummer. He worked in a variety of occupations during his life, including newspaper reporter for the World-Tribune in New York City, foreign correspondent for United Press, advertising and purchasing agent, and bank auditor. He also served on Wendell Willkie's staff when Willkie was running for president.

At the time his first book, Papa Married a Mormon (1955), was published, he was living in Los Angeles and working as a steel buyer. Fitzgerald had coll'aborated with his sister, Belle Fitzgerald Empey, to write this book. Her name was not inciuded as coauthor of the book because it was written in the first person. Papa Married a Mormon was very popular and was reprinted in several foreign-language editions, including Chinese.

Twice chosen as a Book-of-the-Month Club selection, it was also serialized in McCall's Magazine.

A sequel, Mamma 's Boarding Hbuse, appeared in 1958.

Fitzgerald moved to Denver in 1960 where he tried for a short time to make his living as a fulltime writer. He later reported that "I quit my job and went to a mountain cabin to make my living writing. I had to sell my jack and a tire to get back to Denver. When I got there I sold my typewriter and swore I would never write again." His wife later bought him another typewriter and he eventually resurned writing.

He had a very successful writing career, publishing more than 500 magazine articles, as well as poetry and songs and two books on writing, The Profe~~sional Story Writer and His Art (1 963) and Structuring Your Novel: Fro171B;tsIC Idea to Finished Manuscript ( 1972).

His most successful and widely read novels are the juvenile books in the Great Brain Series. They were loosely based on the adventures of his brother Thomas N. Fitzgerald. Books in this series include: The Great Brain (1967), More Adventures ofthe Great Brain ( 1969), Me and M y Little Brain ( 197 l ) , The Great Brain at the Academy (1972), The Great Brain Reforms (1973), The Return o f the Great Brain (1974), and The Great Bri1i11Does It Again (1976).

The Great Brain Series has led to one of the most asked questions in Utah literature: "Where is Adenville, Utah?" Adenville is a fictional town (Continued on Q. 12) Note: Fox is pictured on the cover.

No photograph of Fitzgerald could be found.

charge on an electron, for which Millikan alone received the Nobel Prize in 1923. Practical applications of this research led to the invention by other scientists of the vacuum tube, which in turn opened up a new world of electronics.

After receiving a Ph.D. in 1911-the first physics student at the University of Chicago to graduate summa cum laude-Fletcher returned to teach at BYU. For five years the Western Electric Company of New York sent him job offers. He finally accepted in 1916 and worked for what became the Bell Laboratories until 1949.

His work at Bell led directly to high-fidelity recording, sound motion pictures, the first accurate clinical audiometers to measure hearing, the first electronic hearing aid (he was pleased that Thomas A. Edison wore one of his hearing aids), Harvey Fletcher, let?, and BYU graduate student Larry Knight with 7' x 7' speaker Fletcher designed for a gigantic musical staged in the Y stadium in 7 959. Courtesy o f the Monitor (Mountain Bell).

Harvey Fletcher A brilliant research physicist, he was called the fatherof stereo.

Anyone who likes movies or stereo recordings owes some of his enjoyment to the research of Harvey Fletcher. Those who can hear or speak with the help of a hearing aid or an artificial larynx also owe him a vote of thanks. An outstanding research physicist, teacher, and administrator, he deserved, many believe, at least part of a Nobel Prize.

Born on September 11, 1884, in Provo, Utah, to Charles and Elizabeth Fletcher, he attended local schools. He delivered groceries to pay for his tuition at Brigham Young University, graduating in 1907 and beginning a teaching career there. In 1908 he married Lorena K. Chipman, and they had five sons and one daughter.

Fletcher pursued doctoral studies in physics at the University of Chicago under Robert A. Millikan. He worked very closely with him on research that resulted in the first measurement of the Fitzgerald

created by Fitzgerald, but most readers believe that the geographical setting loosely fits that of a small town in southern Utah.

Fitzgerald and his wife, Joan, moved to Titusville, Florida, in about 1972 where he continued his writing career. He died there May 20, 1988, at the age of 82.

Harvey Fletcher Courtesy o f the Monitor.

the development of the artificial larynx, improved telephone transmission, sonar, and stereophonic recording and transmission. He held more than 40 patents for acoustical devices, published more than 60 major scientific works, and received dozens of awards and honors, including a Presidential Citation from Harry S Truman and membership in the National Academy of Sciences.

The accurate reproduction of sound so intrigued Fletcher that he devoted much of his life to it. In 1933 he created a stir when he demonstrated realistic sound reproduction in an auditorium. The audience was dumbfounded-and some became frightened and left-when airplanes apparently

flew from the stage and circled overhead. The famous conductor Leopold Stokowski cooperated with him in a demonstration of stereophonic sound transmission of a live performance from the Philadelphia Orchestra in Philadelphia to Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., where the sound was separated into three channels to achieve realISM.

Under Fletcher's able administration other researchers at Bell Labs thrived: three of them developed the transistor and received the Nobel Prize for this revolutionary device, and another created the semi-conductor. Other research he supervised now helps ground crews communicate with satellites and guide spacecraft. The development of color TV and advanced medical equipment are other areas in which Bell researchers under his direction made significant contributions.

From 1949 to 1952 Fletcher taught at Columbia University. Then he returned to BYU where he directed research and helped to set up a new Department of Engineering and the College of Physical and Engineering Sciences. He also researched musical acoustics, working well into his nineties with others to separate each component in the complex web of sound produced by the piano, organ, and string and percussion instruments.

He died July 23, 1981, after a stroke.

Harvey Fletcher and Leopold Stokowski check equipment just before 7 933 stereophonic transmission of live Philadelphia Orchestra to Washington, D. C. lmprovement Era, July 7 950.

Left: ~ n t a k t i penguins. c Above: Russell Frazier, left, took Utah state flag to Antarctica.

USHS collections.

Below :Frazier with sled dog.

Right: Frazier, left, treats man with frostbitten toes.

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They became the parents of a son, Russell, and two daughters, Jeanne, and Mary Frances.

Frazier's instinct for adventure was aroused by an offer he received to become a physician for the Utah Copper Company in Bingham. Leaving his wife behind temporarily, he made the trip to Utah on borrowed money and reported for work with a mere three dollars in his pocket. It proved to be just the kind of employment that he wanted. "I was busy twenty-four hours a day," he wrote later; "there was nothing I did not have to do, four babies a night, fractures of all descriptions, gunshot wounds, stabbings, you name it, I did it, and loved every bit of it."

Although Frazier remained a doctor in Bingham until his retirement, he became so enamoured of

the scenic back country in Utah that he accepted two associates into his practice to allow himself more time for exploration. Soon he discovered the thrill of running western rivers such as the Middle Fork of the Salmon in Idaho, the Yampa, and the Colorado. His river trips led to other historical explorations, including the search for the stone steps that revealed that the Dominquez-Escalante party of 1776 actually crossed the Colorado River at Padre Creek not at the Crossing of the Fathers.

Frazier's greatest achievement as an explorer, though, came during 1939-41 when he participated as the physician for Adm. Richard E. Byrd's third Antarctic expedition, for which he received a congressional medal in 1947. Frazier was selected for the post from 1,100 applicants.

On leaving Salt Lake City for Boston in September 1939, he said, "It may be a trifle lonely before the two years are up, but right now it is stirring to think about. At least I'll have plenty to tell my fellow Utahns when I return." This expedition proved to be the most scientifically productive of Byrd's Antarctic visits, with much data collected on meteorology, geophysics, geology, biology, and physiology.

Frazier, who carried the Utah state flag as well as a Brigham Young University banner with him to Antarctica, conducted significant research on the physiological effects of exposure to extreme cold over long periods of time. Some of this information was used to help U.S. troops during the Korean War. One of the most common early health problems Frazier encountered on the expedition was the loss of dental fillings. The metal contracted in the Antarctic cold and the fillings just fell out. He extracted some 50 teeth, including one of his own, before he discovered that a plastic substance used by the expedition's mapmakers could be used as a substitute filling. Besides providing health care, Frazier drove a dog sled team for three months for the expedition geologists when the regular driver suffered frostbitten feet.

A member of the New York Explorers Club and a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society in London, Frazier lectured widely on his adventures.

After retirement from medical practice in 1951 he lived in Salt Lake City and spent much of his time writing and compiling narratives and records of his expeditions. Cancer claimed his life on January 14, 1968.

Frazier plots Colorado River trip on map. USHS collections.

a source of income to help her family. Her efforts won wide recognition, but, she told reporter Robert C. Blair, "it's a hard way to make pin money.. ..One season I had to dig 700 holes, each 18 inches deep. [From]. ..some of those holes I had to haul away a wheelbarrow full of rocks to get things just right.

In addition to rearing her large family "in reverence for God and in an atmosphere of love, syrnpathy and understanding,'' Fugal served in the auxiliary organizations of the LDS church and in a number of civic capacities. She was especially active in the Farm Bureau, serving as a local president, a county director, and chair of the beautification committee of the Utah State Farm Bureau.

The state organization gave her its Distinguished Service Award in 1939. She chaired several Red Cross drives and the state beautification committee during Utah's pioneer centennial in 1947. She also served as a member of the Utah County Planning Board and chair of the Pleasant Grove Board of Health.

In 1955 she was named Utah's Mother of the Year and then won the national honor. She traveled to New York City and Washington, D.C., to receive her award and meet President Eisenhower.

"This is the only place where a hungry, barefoot girl could grow up to have plenty, then fly through the clouds and land in the Waldorf-Astoria," Fugal said.

in her Pleasant Grove home. USHS collections.

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La vina Christensen Fugal, America i Mother of the Year, 7 955. USHS collections.

At funeral services following her death on June 1, 1969, a neighbor, Merrill N. Warnick, remarked: "Not many women have lived as full a life as Mrs. Fugal. One of her greatest characteristics was appreciation; another was humility. Her mind always was occupied with something worthwhile. "

Nettie Grimes Gregory She cared about people of every race and creed.

Born August 5, 1890, in Jackson, Tennessee, to Fosh Elliott and Ann Elizabeth Copeland Grimes, Nettie was a teacher and an accomplished musician who had never ventured outside her native state until her marriage in 1914 to William Gregory. Also a native Tennessean, he had taken up permanent residence in Salt Lake City in 1913 as a railroad employee and had wooed Nettie by mail. The couple had two sons and two daughters.

Nettie Gregory devofed her life to helping others.

Nettie Gregory quickly adapted to life in Utah and sought to make herself useful to the community. She was especially concerned about the lack of wholesome recreation for young people living on the city's west side. She and her husband began some activities at the Calvary Baptist Church but found that the number of young people wanting to participate exceeded the capacity of the church's facilities. The answer was obvious to the Gregorys. Their neighborhood needed its own building with adequate space for a variety of community activities, including weddings, socials, and youth programs. William Gregory donated a small parcel of land, and according to Deseret News reporter Rose Mary Pederson, Nettie Gregory "recruited black women belonging to the Salt Lake Community Club and the Nimble Thimble Club to act as leaders in the fund-raising drive. " They held dinners, bake sales, and bazaars.

In 1959 construction of the first civic building in Salt Lake City built by African Americans began.

The project required 5 years to complete, but the idea had been in Nettie's heart for almost 20 years.

At the building's dedication in November 1964 Gov. George D. Clyde was among the dignitaries present. Los Angeles educator James Laster spoke on the need to improve neighborhoods everywhere and for a larger "community of parents" to support and guide children.

Although Nettie had died of a stroke on July 6, 1964, those preparing to use the building recognized her by naming the new structure at 742 West

South Temple the Nettie Gregory Center. The needs of African American youth had spurred the drive to build it, but the Gregorys always envisioned it as a place where people of all races and creeds would be welcome. In the words of William Gregory: "My wife and I always felt that there should be complete equality there. . . we wanted the center to serve everyone. ''

Otto Abels Harbach He became one of the most famous lyricists of the Broadway stage.

Music came into Otto Harbach's life at an early age. One of his first memories was of his mother's singing. Later, when his brothers started a small orchestra, he learned to play his father's violin and joined them.

He was born in Salt Lake City on August 18, 1873, to Danish immigrant parents Adolph Hauerbach and Sena Olsen. (As a young man Otto dropped the u and e from his surname to "simplify matters. ") He studied at the Salt Lake Collegiate Institute (Westminster College), where one of his classmates was the future actress Maude Adams.

Encouraged by the institute principal to enroll in Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, Harbach secured his train fare by agreeing to chaperone a shipment of sheep to Omaha. Following that adventure he had to throw away his suit because it had become "too sheepish," he said. His association with livestock was not over, however, for he tended farm animals to earn board and room.

After graduating from Knox in 1895 Harbach taught at Whitman College in Walla Walla, Washington, while earning a master's degree from Knox. In 1901 he moved to New York to attend Columbia University. He wanted to become a college English professor, but when eye problems interfered with the required heavy reading he began a career in advertising. He also started to write plays. "No honest effort is wasted, " he said, recalling the eight years he spent working on a play that was never produced but which led to his first job-rewriting a play for a Broadway producer.

From 1907 through 1936 Harbach wrote some 40 musicals, including No! No! Nanette, Rose Marie, and Desert Song. He also wrote 7 plays without music, including the popular farce Up in Mabel's Room.

Leading composers of the day-Rudolf Friml , Vincent Youmans, Jerome Kern, Sigmund Romberg, and others-set Harbach's lyrics to music. Among the more than

'iarbach wi avorit Smoke Gets in Y; ,cry popular Harbach songs includc ,ittle Closer," "Who," and the 19

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Charles Warner Lockerbie Utah's bird man recognized more than 300 bird calls.

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In 1918 Harbach married Eloise Smith Dougal tf Salt Lake City. They had two sons, William an( lobert Harbach was a charte iernbe locietv of Camuosers. Authorr

Harbach, enthusiasm ~ptimism :emed never to \ le, kept abreast of changing lstes in musicals, specially the trend toward a lore solid story l i l with music an integral part oi ie plot. While others were grimly announcing that ie heyday of musical cpmedy was past, Harbach 2w new opportunities for playwrights and comosers in the American public's changing tastes. :e died January 24, 1963, at age 89.

Charles Warner Lockerbie was born January 7, 1879, near Mankato, Minnesota, to William and Belle Garrett Lockerbie. At age eleven he moved with his mother and sister to Salt Lake City to live with his maternal grandparents. Growing up near the Jordan River he developed an intense interest in its wildlife, especially birds. He earned a living first as a commercial photographer and later traveled widely as an expert wool buyer, but birds remained the center of his life.

His formal education ended with the eighth grade; however, he continued to learn throughout his life. A Salt Lake Tribune reporter quoted him in a 1956 article as saying, "My wife has gone without new dresses just so we could have more books on birds." Most of these books-as well as his extensive field notes on birds-he later donated to the University of Utah. The depth of his study and field experience made him sought after by professional ornithologists from all parts of the United States, graduate students, and ordinary bird lovers. He wrote many articles on birds and mineralogy, another area of expertise.

In 1927 Lockerbie began to spend several afternoons or sometimes full days in the field each week. He systematically recorded what he saw in a small notebook. At the time of his death his notebooks contained some 40,000 entries and constituted what William H. Behle called, "an outstanding record of the kinds of birds occurring if^ the western United States, especially Utah.. ..their relative abundance, the habitats occupied by the various species and the dates of arrival and departure of the migratory forms.''

Lockerbie was a charter member of the Utah Audubon Society, served four terms as its president, and in the 1950s was given the title of honorary president. He participated in more than 200 UAS field trips in addition to the countless excursions he and his wife made to all parts of Utah.

He often escorted visitors to local birding areas.

Seagulls on Great Salt Lake.

For many years Lockerbie organized the annual Audubon Christmas bird count, an event that docun~entschanges in the bird populations of the United States by sending birders out to identify and enumerate bird species in the same area year after year. In Lockerbie's time the count encompassed a circle 15 miles in diameter with Temple Square as its center.

Expert birding requires a keen sense of hearing, Lockerbie said, for "birds are first identified by their song." He estimated that he could distinguish more than 300 different bird calls. During his years in the field he observed Inany birds rare to Utah, including a sabine gull and a golden plover.

An officer of the Utah Mineralogical Society and the Rocky Mountain Federation of Mineral Societies, Lockerbie taught a geology class in his home every Monday evening for eight years to interested neighborhood children and lectured extensively on mineralogy. He and his wife presented an 1,100-piece mineral collection to Westminster College in 1957. Over the years they assembled some 30 rock collections and donated them to museums and schools in Utah and as far away as Seoul, South Korea. Lockerbie's interest in minerals and geology led him to study Utah mining, and he became an expert in the history of the Alta, Big Cottonwood, Park City, Mercur, and Ophir mining districts.

Utah's bird man died September 20, 1963, survived by his wife, Lillian May Tucker, whom he had married in 192 1.

Charles Lockerbie at his tent home near Pinecrest, Emigration Canyon, 7905.

USHS collections.

wrote. "The significance of this feat can hardly be grasped by the mind when it is remembered that a llttle over seventy years ago the covered wagon of pioneer days took eleven months to do what the modern airplane accomplished today from dawn to dusk." Not until Charles A. Lindberg's New York to Paris flight of May 20-21, 1927, would a man and a flying machine so rivet the attention of the public and the press.

A native of Logan, Utah, Maughan was born on March 28, 1893, to Peter W. and Mary Naef Maughan. In 1917 he graduated from the Utah State Agricultural College and joined the army. As a pilot in World War 1 he shot down four German planes and rece~ved the Distinguished Service Cross for saving the life of another pilot by fly~ng between his crippled aircraft and an attacking German plane.

After the war Maughan married Ila May Fisher ln 1919. They were later divorced, and in 1946 he married Lois Roylance. Maughan had four children: Ila May, Mary Ann, Russell Lowell Jr., and Weston Fisher.

A career army man, Maughan attained the rank of colonel and remained in the service until his retirement in 1946. His cross-country flight of 1924 was not his only record-settlng ach~evement.

In 1922 he won the Pulitzer Flying Cup by setting a new world speed record.

From 1930 to 1935 Maughan was air advisor to the governor-general of the Philippines. Shortly before World War 11 he was sent on a secret mission to Greenland to locate strategic airfield sites that, when war came, proved valuable to the Allies. During the war he commanded one of the first air fighter units to operate out of England against Germany. Later, he was the command~ng officer of alr force bases in Lemoore, California, and Portland, Oregon.

Despite the acclarm showered on Maughan by the nation and his home state, he remained modest about his achievement. "It really wasn't anything great," he said. "It was just the result of a lot of experimentation and hard work on the part of many people connected w ~ t hthe air servlce, and I was fortunate enough to be the one to reap the results of all those years of labor." Maybe. But his achievements as a pilot in war and peace demonstrate that Russell Maughan was a man of great dedication and daring.

He d ~ e din San Antonio, Texas, on Aprll 21, 1958, wh~leundergoing surgery.

William H. McDougall.

USHS collections.

William Henry MeDougall This journalist survived shipwreck and imprisonment to become a priest.

~ w i c e Japanese a prisoner during World War 11, nearly drowned in the Pacific when his ship was sunk, an innovative and energetic newspaperman, [recipient of a Nie~nanFellowship to Hal-val-dand a Pulitzer Prize nomination, William H. McDougall found enough adventure and achicvcment in life to satisfji almost anyone. Yet he always claimed that his greatest adventure began on May 1 1 , 1952, when he was ordained to the Catholic priesthood in Salt Lake City by Bishop Duane G. Hunt.

He was a home-grown product of Utah. Born in Salt Lake City on June 3, 1909, to Frances M. Tormey and William H. McDougall, Sr., he earned a B.A. from the University of Portland and knocked about in various jobs as a miner, salesman, hunting and fishing guide, and railroad roundhouse clerk before discovering his lifelong calling as a journalist. During the five years he worked for the Salt Lake Telegram he became known for his aggressive pursuit of news and for coinrnunity improvement crusades during which he uncovered a marijuana ring in public schools, fought unsafe traffic conditions, and promoted improvement of city parks.

One of McDougall's specialties was coverage of remote stories such as the Mexican Hat range killings in 1935 and airplane crashes in the mountains. Anticipating today's live electronic coverage of such events, he trained carrier pigeons which he used to file on-the-spot reports and photographs.

In 1939 the United Press sent McDougall to Shanghai, China, as a war correspondent. Always hoping to get the latest story, he delayed too long when the Japanese invaded China and was taken prisoner. Chinese friends helped him escape to Java where he continued to file stories until it, tdo, fell. He escaped on an ill-fated Dutch ship that was sunk in the Indian Ocean. Only three lifeboats had been launched for the 240 passengers and crew, and McDougall found himself in the water with only a life jacket. A strong swimmer, he reached one of the overloaded lifeboats but was refused admittance.

McDougall's ordination, 7 952.

USHS collections.

For hours he drifted. In his desperation he turned to the Catholic faith of his youth and learned for the first time, he later reported, what prayer really is. As he drifted and prayed, he resolved to "do something for Jesus." Eventually one of the other lifeboats rescued him. Prison camp awaited him when the boat reached Sumatra, but he survived what then appeared as a lesser ordeal and returned home after the war. He wrote two books detailing his wartime experiences: Six Bells Off Java (1948) and By Eastern Windows (1949).

After a year as a Nieman Fellow at Harvard, where he studied with the likes of Bernard DeVoto, McDougall entered a seminary in Washington, D.C., to prepare for the priesthood. He served energetically as rector of the Cathedral of the Madeleine in Salt Lake City for 21 years and became known for his advocacy of the rights of the poor, the unborn, and the homeless.

Ever a journalist, he was editor of the Intermountain Catholic Register during 1980-81 and wrote a column of news tidbits from local parishes. Pope John XXIII recognized his years of service to church and community by elevating him to monsignor in 1963.

He died on December 8, 1988, remembered by retired Bishop Federal as a man whose "rule of life was that nothing was too much trouble in loving one's neighbors. "

During this time she also began submitting poetry to magazines In New York. After selling some of her poems she decided to move to York in 1929. McG~nleyheld an assortment o there, lncludlng copywriter for an advertis~ng agency, teacher in a jun~orhigh school In New Rochelle, and staff wrlter for Town and Country.

Marr~ageand stabll~tywere extremely important to her after a childhood of frequent moves and "never having a real home." In 1934 she met Charles L. Hayden who worked for the Bell Telephone Company during the day and jazz piano in the evenlng. She found the fact that he played in a jazz band unsettling, fearing that domestlc life would not be his main concern; however, they eventually married on June 25, 1937, and had two daughters.

Noted for her light, whimsical verse, McGinley had, early in her career, been given some advice

by Kather~neWhite, a New Yorker fiction editor: "Dear Miss McGinley: We are buying your poem, but why do you sing the same sad songs poets sing?" She changed her style to light verse.

McGinley's prose and verse appeared i publ~cat~ons.

Her first book of verse, On the Contrary, was publ~shedin 1934, followed by seventeen more b o o k She received the Pulit~arP r i z for her book of light verse Tlnles Three: Verse from Three Deca Poenis (1960) in 196 1 .

The strength of P h ~ l l l sMcGinley's a her support of the housewife and the

Harvey Natchees A hero Of World W a r II' he believed in education.

One of the first Amer~cansto enter Berlin in the final days of World War I1 was Harvey Natchees, a Ute Ind~an.Born on May 26, 1920, ~n Altonah, Duchecne County, to Edward and Vera Loney Natchees, he attended Roosevelt High School and was reportedly ~ t sfirst Ind~angraduate. On June 29, 1940, he marr~ed Clara Areep at Fort Duchcsne.

In 1942 Harvey enlisted ~n the U.S. Army and was on hls way to France shortly after D-Day As a mcmber ot a reconnaissance battallon ~n the 3rd Armored Division, he part~c~pated ~nmany battles.

HIS valor was recogn~zedwlth a S~lverStar, a Bronze Star, and a Purple Heart wlth oak leaf cluster. When the German cap~talfell to Allled forces In spring 1945, Natchees was featured in many newspapers as the first Amer~can~n Berl~n.

He later took Un~tedPress journal~stson a jeep tour of conquered territory.

Discharged from the Army In October 1945, Natchees returned to the U~ntah-OurayRescrvatlon On July 24, 1946, thls war hero and his wife, Clara, rode ~n the P~oneerDay parade ~nSalt Lake City and rece~vedthe cheers of thousands.

A rancher, a member of the Ute Tribe business committee, and superintendent of the t r ~ b e ' swater department, Natchecs also worked to promote cd ucation as a solution to many problems faclng h ~ s people. He d ~ e don June IS, 1980, of a heart attack and was buried in the Fort Duchesne Cemetery with military honors.

market. Her book S~xpencem was written as a direct response to Betty Friedan' best-selling book The Feminine Mys whlch proposed the idea that a col woman could never find true home. Sixpence stated an one that McGinley's own l ~ f ehad b that educated women could fit ha framework of the home. Sixpence sold o 100,000 copies and remained on the for several months.

She wrote of herself: few-~utting sugar In my SOUP is the think of at the moment-a the trade as a 'good, rel~ablewor always make a deadl~ne I am n labor palnstaklngly on every plece I do. " Her last book, Saint Watching, was published In 1969. After her husband d ~ e din 1972, she moved from her beloved suburbs to an apartment In New York Clty. She d ~ e dFebruary 22, 1978.

Katherine Feglltsn Nutter She came west as a telegrapher and became Utah's cattle queen.

When Kather~neFenton Nutter d ~ e din Salt Lake City on July 17, 1965, at age 94, the Salt Lake Tribune called her "perhaps the last of the West's cattle queens " Whether she was the last of her breed is debatable; that she was Indeed queen of a vast cattle operation 1s unquestionable.

She was born on March 12, 1871, ~n Ceylon, Ohlo, to Maur~ceand Catharine Morgan Fenton.

Educated at the Sisters of the Holy Cross School In South Bend, Ind~ana,she then came west to work as a telegrapher and eventually managed the Postal Telegraph Company's off~ceIn Colorado Springs, a town that was boomlng because of mining actlv~ t y~nnearby Cr~ppleCreek.

Note: Natchees and Nutter'are pictured on the cover.

22

In 1905, when Utah's Uinta Basin was opened to homesteaders, she entered her name in the lottery and the luck of the draw gave her a homestead in Ioka, Duchesne County. She headed for Utah to see her land, but a stagecoach driver new to the Price-Myton route missed the regular overnight stop. She and another woman spent the night at Preston Nutter's ranch in Nine Mile Canyon. As William C. Barton noted in his reminiscence of the Nutter ranch, "all cattlemen keep 'open house' and any traveler is welcome to a night's lodging and his meals," a tradition later maintained at the Nutter ranch by Katherine.

Although she ran the telegraph office in Colorado Springs for three more years, she also spent the time required by homestead law on her Ioka land. In traveling back and forth to Ioka, she and Preston Nutter, whose ranching operation covered large areas of Utah and Arizona, developed their accidental acquaintance and married on November 28, 1908. They had two daughters, Catharine and Virginia.

Katherine learned large-scale cattle ranching from her husband during the 27 years before his death. She also kept the ranch account books and wrote the checks for the business. Widowed in 1936, she became president of the Nutter ranch corporation and assumed its management.

In 1949 reporter Jim Young met the 78-year-old rancher at Mounds, Emery County, at the end of the fall cattle drive. She was there at the railhead to inspect her stock before it was loaded on cattle cars for shipment to market on the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad, and, Young wrote, "She pronounced the condition of the grass-fat animals to be excellent." She called the life of a rancher "one demanding a great amount of selfdenial from those who would follow it and was strong in her praise of the men who handle her stock.. ..She told of the heroic night-and-day struggle of the past winter to keep the cattle alive during.. . the deep snow and cold weather. " Katherine evidently never forgot her telegraphy skills. On one occasion when she was ordering railroad cattle cars, a friend recalled, "She overheard the telegrapher rattling off an order for the cars in [Morse] code, stopped him and said, 'I ordered cattle cars, not sheep cars.' The surprised telegrapher realized she had read his message as fast as he sent it and had caught the error."

A member of the American Cattleman's Association, the Utah cattle queen supported the Taylor Grazing Act, served as an early adviser to the Utah State Big Game Control Commission, and was active in the Catholic Women's League.

Ivy Baker Priest.

USHS collections

Ivy Baker Priest She served as treasurer of the U.S. during Eisenhower's two terms.

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During the 1952 Republican National Convention Icy demonstrated a spirited independence.

Thc Utah delegation supported Sen. Robert A. Tafi as the GOP nominee Tor president. and Ivy found herself "a committee of one" in favor of Dwight D. Eisenhower, a late entrant in the race. Working with othcr Ikc supporter\ she was able to convince several Utah delegates to agree to switch to Eisenhower after the first ballot. When that news b e c a n ~ elulown nationally othcr rifis in the Taft ranks appeared, and he was no longer considered a shoo-in.

Ivy became assistant chair of Eisenhower's national campaign committee and took charge of the womcn.5 division. Shc traveled across thc

I I

Ada Williams Quiglm She founded a clothing factory in Ogden and ran for governor in 1940.

Born on December 13, 78, in Peterson, Morgan County, to Joshua Hannah Martha Green Williams, Ada attended school in Morgan County and then earned a teaching certificate from the University of Utah. She taught school in both Morgan County and Ogden. She married Edward N. Quinn, a school principal, and raised two sons and a daughter: Horace, Robert, and Kathleen.

In 1926 at age 48 she founded what would become the Kathleen Quinn Garment Company in Ogden. The business began as a small apronmalung establishment that employed widows. It grew to employ some 200 union workers in a h c tory she built at 335 28th Street, Ogden. About 1930 she opened an office and sample room in New York City and sold her clothing to both American and foreign outlets. By January 1940 the company boasted a payroll of $10,000 monthly, plus. salesmen's commissions, and Quinn had "arranged to rent the equipment of her plant to her employees so that they might have an interest in the business. " In 1940 Quinn, a political neophyte, announced her candidacy for governor on a platform that emphasized jobs. Her campaign literature called for. among other things, a "revamping of the unworkable apprentice rules and regulations which

prevent employing learners;"' assistance for Fhe aged and blind, teachers' retirement benefits, universal military training for "all ablebodied men from 18 to 60," training for skilled jobs, economy and efficiency in government, and, with war on the horizon, "no war profits for the fellow who stays at home. " Quinn ran a distant third as an independent on a ballot dominated by well-known men-Democrat Herbert B. Maw, who won the governor's chail-, and Republican Don B. Colton. Though defeated, she provides an intriguing glimpse of a businesswoman whose political ambitions were some 5 0 years ahead of the times.

Quinn died of pneumonia on August 23, 1945.

are pictured on the cover.

Alma Wilford R.ichar8ds A track star from Parowan became Utah's first Olympic champion.

O n July 8 , 1912, in Stockholm, Sweden, Utah recorded a great moment in its sports history.

That's when Alma Richards sailed over a bar 6'3" high to win first place in the running high jump at the fifth modern Olympic games.

Richards was a student at Brigham Young University when he went to Chicago to try out for and,

though virtually unknown, make the U.S. Olympic team. Some athletes trained on the ship that took them to Europe, but Richards felt that his event was not suited to shipboard practice so he just relaxed. He began intensive training in Antwerp, where the team had a layover, and continued to train until his event was called.

During the competition, as the bar was moved higher, Richards required the fhll three attempts allowed to clear 6' 1 ", 6'2", and 6'3". When the bar was moved up to 6'4", he later told an audience in Provo, he felt discouraged and chilled.

But, he continued, "Then I thought of the B.Y.U., Utah and my friends there, and the old United States and made the spurt-and chill and all went over the bar in the first attempt."

Richards excelled at many track and field events-including the broad jump, pole vault, shot

put, discus, and the 100 and 400 meter races-and competed until 1932. During his career he set 55 records. Besides his Olympic feat, other major achievements included decathlon champion at the National AAU meet in San Francisco in 1915 and high point honors at the Inter-Allied World Games in Paris in 1919.

Born in Parowan, Utah, on February 20, 1890, to Morgan and Margaret Adams Richards, Alma Richards attended Murdock Academy and BYU, graduated from Cornell University, and received a law degree from the University of Southern California. He served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Army during World War I. Although admitted to the California Bar, he elected to teach school rather than practice law. He died in Long Beach, California, on April 3, 1963, survived by his w i f ~ Lenore Griffin, a son, and three daughters.

Harold Wallace Ross The founder of The N e w Yorker grew up in Salt Lake City.

Harold Ross, creator and editor of America's most sophisticated magazine, The New Yorker, was known for his strong personality and his unsophisticated dress and manners. Some claimed that Ross was a literary hoax, because a man who looked and acted like Harold Ross could not be the editor of America's smartest magazine.

Ross was born November 6, 1892, to George and Ida Ross in Aspen, Colorado, where his father was involved in mining. When Harold was seven years old his family moved to Salt Lake City. As a freshman at West High School he worked on the school newspaper, the Red and Black. There he became acquainted with the artist John Held, Jr., who was later to become famous for his caricatures that defined the Jazz Age. While still a teenager Ross started hanging around the offices of the Telegram and Tribune. Eventually he was given a part-time job running errands for the Telegram's sports editor.

Ross, who did not get along with his father, frequently ran away from home. He dropped out of high school after his freshman year to work full time for the Tribune. In the summer of 1910, at the age of 18, he left Salt Lake City, "riding the rails" and working as a "tramp reporter" for newspapers across the country. He started working for the Sacramento Union in I91 I , journeyed to Panama City, and then moved on to New Orleans and Atlanta. In 1916 he was back on the West

Regiment of &my Engine France where he worked on t the newspaper of the American Expeditionary Force in World War I. When the war ended Ross settled in New York City and tried to revlve the Stars and Stripes in a publ~cationcalled the Home Sector Magazine, but it was unsuccessful. He then edited the American Legion Weekly for two years (1921-23) whlch was followed by a job with Judge, a humor magazine.

Then he got the idea to start his own magazine.

The New Yorker was conce~vedby a group of wrlters that Ross ?ocialized with called the Thanatopsis Literary and Inside Straight Club.

T h ~ sgroup had o r ~ g ~ n a l lmet y in Nini's, a Paris cafe, and moved to the Algonquln Hotel in New York City after the war. Most were former members of the Star and Stripes staff. Among them was a nonjournalist, Raoul Fleischrnann, one of the heirs to the Fleischmann yeast fortune. He advanced the money for the first issue of The New Yorker which appeared February 19, 1 9 2 5 . 8 w q < $ q b&kk &&v$~ Fleischmann had resigned himself to money on the venture, but because of the quality of $$f& the magazine, advertisers supported it. The ~ e w & f %! j\ Yorker was noted for its features such as "Talk of k@qi .~h% $ the Town" and "Profiles" and for excellent$$$$ """ wr~terslike Dorothy Parker and James Thurber.

Ross died December 6, 1951, after an operation FR3s ,b+; on his lungs. He was survived by his wife Ariane@&;&B Allen whom he had married in 1940 and his daughter Patricia.

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Maria L. Salazar y Trujillo She opened her home and her heart to dozens of foster children.

Maria L. Salazar y Trujillo was born February 7, 1902, in Cebolla, New Mexico, to Katarino and Anna Maria Riberio Trujillo. On September 14, 1926, she married Jose Tobias Salazar. They eventually made Salt Lake City therr home.

After raising her own family, Salazar devoted her life to caring for numerous foster children brought to her by Catholic Charities of Salt Lake City. When interviewed by the Salt Lake Tribune in 1970, this active and concerned widow had mothered 91 chlldren since the early 1950s and was at that time caring for four foster children ranglng from 14 months to 17 years of age. On one occasion she undertook the care of a set of triplets.

Over the years Salazar helped to recruit other foster mothers and accepted into her home children with behavioral problems and those hostile toward adults. "In two or three weeks though," she told a Tr~bunereporter, "they usually decide it is more fun to act like a member of the family. " Salazar's house was "always full of children," a daughter-in-law recalled in an article in the Intermountam Catholic. "She would have five or six cribs set up at one time. She was just very generous." A friend, Florence Garcia said that Salazar took an interest in everyone. "Her home became their home," she added, and "she saw their needs even before they did sometimes. " Salazar cared for all kinds of people, adults as well as children, even when she was not feeling well. According to Garcia, she was always "cooking something or baking something for somebody. I think that gave her energy. She devoted it all to God, anyway. " Besides her dedication to children in need, Salazar was active in church and community affairs. She was a member of the Catholic Women's League and the Third Order of St. Francis. She was involved in the initial organization of La Morena restaurant which benefited the Early Learning Center. "She was a fantastic person," Father Reyes Rodriguez remembered, with "a heart as big as the salt flats."

Salazar died January 25, 1987, survived by four sons, Filbert. Toby, Joseph, and J. Leve, a daughter, Alvelina, and dozens of foster chlldren.

Arthur W. Sampson.

Courtesy Louise Kingsbury.

Arthur William Sampson The first range ecologist, he was the father of range management.

Arthur William Sampson's list of "firsts" is impressive: first person in America to be called a range ecologist, first to promote deferred and rotational grazing strategies, first to develop usable concepts of indicator species and plant succession for evaluating range condition, first to write a college text on range management, first range ecologist hired by the Forest Service, and first director of what is now called the Intermountain Research Station.

Sampson's initial goal as a range scientist was to develop practical range evaluation methods that everyday range managers could use. His indicator species concept helped to fulfill that goal. He described four stages of plant succession on ranges that indicated, roughly, excellent, good, fair, and poor range conditions. His specific studies of the reaction of lands to grazing led to range management techniques that combat range deterioration and promote restoration.

Basic principles of range management now taken for granted came from the early research of 6

Sampson and James T. Jardine, the first director of the Forest Service's Office of Grazing Studies, created in 1910. They include using the kind of livestock best adapted to the range, grazing proper numbers, grazing in proper season, and good distribution of livestock.

Sampson was born in Nebraska on March 27, 1884. He studied botany and plant ecology at the University of Nebraska, receiving a B.S. degree in 1906 and an M.A. degree in 1907. He then joined the Forest Service as a plant ecologist and began research on overgrazing in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. His observations were keen and led to the first of his more than 200 scientific publications just one year after he joined the Forest Service.

In 1912, at Jardine's request, Sampson became the first director of the Utah Experiment Station, soon renamed the Great Basin Experiment Station.

Located in the Manti National Forest near Ephraim, it was the beginning of what today is the Intermountain Research Station headquartered in Ogden.

Devastating spring floods, year-around erosion, and periodic mudflows that damaged or destroyed communities and ruined lands had plagued the West for decades. Sampson's mission was to study the relationship between these disasters and overgrazing. He built several exclosures in Ephraim Canyon and adjacent drainages on the east side of the Wasatch Plateau. Log fences kept domestic livestock and most wildlife off these areas so that Sampson and two generations of scientists after him could study what happens to soil and plants when there is no grazing. From these exclosures scientists have access today to some 80 years of accumulated data.

Sampson's studies covered three broad areas: production of maximum forage through artificial and natural reseeding; utilization of forests by livestock without undue damage to plant reproduction and watershed conditions; and securing the greatest grazing efficiency per unit, including herding methods, water development, and poisonous plant studies.

Sammy, as he was called, was almost as avid a sportsman as he was a scientist. In college he trained as a wrestler and long-distance runner. As a graduate student he had the weekly job of hiking seven miles, including a 3,000-foot elevation gain, up a mountain to change the record sheet on temperature recording instruments, and he once broke a record for sprinting to the summit of Pikes Peak. In Utah he boxed under the name "The Utah Kid." Later, he pitched horseshoes with his students at UC Berkeley.

Sampson headed the Great Basin Station until 1922. During those years he also completed a doctoral degree at George Washington University in 1917. In 1922 he left the Forest Service to teach at the University of California at Berkeley where he started the first range management courses and wrote four textbooks. Range and Pasture Management (1923) earned him the title "father of range management" because it was the first comprehensive text on that subject. During his long and distinguished scientific career Sampson received many awards from forestry, range, and ecological organizations. He retired in 1951 but continued his research. He died in 1967.

Mattie Clark Sanford This distinguished teacher and photographer had a zest for living.

At age 10 Mattie Clark wanted to leave school to become a photographer. Instead she remained in school much of her life as both a student, receiving a master's degree in zoology at age 59, and as a teacher for 45 years, retiring in 1944.

Born October 30, 1878, in Salt Lake City to Lorenzo Southwell and Mary Rachel Wagstaff Clark, she attended local schools, married Frederick Charles Sanford, and raised three daughters and a son.

In about 1910 Mattie Clark Sanford bought her first camera, mostly to record family activities, but her childhood fascination with the medium returned and blossomed into an avocation that would bring her local, national, and even international recognition.

In 1935 she began shooting color film and used her photographs to illustrate nature study classes in the public schools. When stereo cameras became available she bought one and became an expert in the field of three-dimensional photography. The Photographic Society of America (PSA) named her the top woman in the world in stereo photography in 1960. At its international convention in Montreal, Canada, in 1964 the PSA named her a Fellow in honor of "her excellence in color and stereo photography and for her many contributions to the advancement of amateur photography by teaching, lecturing, and organizational work for more than 25 years. " Sanford gave some practical advice to aspiring photographers in 1964: "Put your camera on a tripod, compose the picture just right, then keep shooting until you get it just the way you want it. It may take a lot of film-but it's worth it!"

Virginia Tanner She was America's outstanding children's dance teacher.

As a child growing up in Salt Lake City, Virginia Tanner loved music and movement, but the formal structure of ballet inhibited her. With her father's encouragement she danced freestyle-wearing black bloomers made by her mother-on the lawn outside the family home. The freedom to explore a child's love of movement and fantasy was followed by intensive training. This background, plus an exceptional ability to communicate the joy of dance, made her the most celebrated teacher of children's dance of her time.

A daughter of Henry S. and Clarice Thatcher Tanner, Virginia was born on April 25, 1915, in Salt Lake City. She graduated from West High School and the University of Utah and also studied dance with a number of famous teachers, including Doris Humphrey of the Humphrey-Weidman School of Dance in New York.

Her interest in choreography and teaching developed early. During her school days she composed works that were performed at West High.

While still a dance student in New York, she taught some of Doris Humphrey's classes at Temple University and Bryn Mawr when the HumphreyWeidman company was on tour. Virginia remembered spending as little as 25 cents a day for food in New York while studying and teaching, an amount that allowed her to buy a bowl of oatmeal, an apple, and two carrots.

During the 1940s Miss Virginia, as her students called her, directed the dance department of the McCune School of Music and Art in Salt Lake City. Then in 1949 she organized the Children's Dance Theatre (CDT) , which became permanently affiliated with the University of Utah. The CDT presented its first formal concert at Kingsbury Hall on the U. campus. Doris Humphrey, who was in the audience, impressed by what she had seen, worked to secure invitations for the CDT to perform in the East. In 1953 the children danced at the Jacob's Pillow Dance Theatre in Massachusetts, the American Dance Festival in Connecticut, and New York University's summer camp in upstate New York. Famous dancers and dance critics applauded the CDT, and Tanner and her students were featured in Life, Newsweek, and Dance magazines and on national TV. In 1950 Tanner married Robert Bruce Bennett, and they became the parents of two children, Meriam (Ginger) Bennett Zaccardi and Steven C. Bennett. Interviewed by Salt Lake Tribune

reporter Helen Forsberg in 1978, Virginia noted that her husband "gave up his career and has devoted.. .his life to me and my career. ' ' Virginia Tanner conducted workshops and lectured extensively on children's dance, and the

Virginia Tanner found freedom and creativity in dance. Courtesy Special Collections, Marriott Library, University of Utah.

CDT presented numerous exhibitions for teachers, students, and the general public. A performance highlight for the CDT came in 1962 when 35 of

Tanner's students, ages 8 to 18, presented five concerts at the Seattle World's Fair. By the mid1960s the CDT enrollment totaled more than 600 students in 60 classes.

During her long association with the University of Utah, Tanner helped to form the Repertory Dance Theatre (RDT), a major modern dance company in the state, and her efforts also resulted in several Rockefeller Foundation grants to the university's dance department, the first ever awarded to a college dance program.

In 1970 the CDT performed in Washington, D.C., for the White House Conference on Children. That same year, Tanner responded to a call from the National Endowment for the Arts to direct a pilot program for children's dance. This NEA-funded project consisted of four-week seminars in school districts in five states-Pennsylvania, Alabama, Ohio, Oregon, and California.

John Kerr, NEA director of education, called Tanner the nation's "outstanding children's dance teacher," noting that "she combines the techniques and training of the professional dancer with a marvelous and rare understanding of how to teach and inspire children. '' Virginia Tanner died on May 20, 1979, following a long illness. Her work with children lives on in the Virginia Tanner Creative Dance Program at the University of Utah which reaches hundreds of students from as young as two and a half years of age (accompanied by a parent) to age 18 using methods pioneered by the program's founder in 1949.

Kuniko Muramatsu Terasawa For 52 years she handset type for a unique Utah newspaper.

When Kuniko Muramatsu Terasawa died in Salt Lake City on August 2, 1991, the career of a distinguished newspaperwoman and one of the most active senior citizens in Utah came to a close. Her death at age 95 also marked the end of the Issei (first-generation Japanese American) era in Utah.

For 52 years, working up until the day before her death, Terasawa handset metal type bearing Japanese characters into forms for printing The Utah Nippo, a Japanese-language newspaper founded by her husband.

Born on July 8, 1896, in Iida City, Naganoken, Japan, a daughter of Kintaro and Yoshi Muramat-

Kuniko Terasaw a receiving one of her many awards.

su, Kuniko Murainatsu marr~edUneo Terasawa In 1921. The couple raised two daughters, Kazuko and Haruko Moryashu.

The first issue of The Utah N ~ p p o appeared in Salt Lake City In 1914 under her husband's d ~ r e c tlon After h ~ sdeath in 1939 she carried on as reporter, editor, typesetter, and publisher. Follow ing the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the federal government forbade the publ~shing of Japaneselanguage newspapers, but The Utah N~ppo soon resumed clrculat~on with government approval because the U S. wanted Japanese Americans to receive accurate information on official polic~es regarding relocation, curfews, and other wartime news.

In addition to publishing a newspaper, Terasawa oncerned herself with the welfare of others, espec~allythe non-English-speakrng Issels. Noted for her "unpretentious w~sdomand knowledge," she was sought out by vrs~torsfrom Japan and consulted by a long line of Japanese consuls general stationed In San Francisco.

Terasawa recelved both national and international recognit~on.Matsumoto City commissioned Kamisaka Fuyoko, Japan's foremost woman author, to wrlte a biography and a televis~onscript on the Utah publisher. As a result, Terasawa became "so famous rn Japan that her death was out in Japan's newspapers even before SL's obituary," Alice Kasai, a h~storian of Utah's Japanese Amerlcan community, wrote.

As an exceptionally active senior citizen, Terasawa became a role model for others and was featured In Modern Matunty magazine, a publ~cation of the American Associat~onof Retrred Persons (AARP),and on the magazine's TV program.

When Terasawa received Japan's Order of the Sacred Treasure, "Zuihosho-5th Class," in 1968, Judge Raymond Uno presented her with the jewel-studded medal at a celebration attended by many Utah dignitaries, including Calvin L. Rampton who was then governor.

The Salt Lake Chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League honored Terasawa in 1985 as the oldest contr~butorto the local chapter. In 1987 the Avon Jose1 Bunks Center In Japan a ~ a r d e dher "M~llionYen" for her strong sense of mission and indomitable spirit in accompl~sh~ng a great undertaklng. She contributed thls award to a scholarsh~p fund at the University of Utah.

"She was a typically proud Issei that never bel~evedIn welfare or handouts," Kasai wrote, "but.. . [she was] sensitive to.. .mundane probms ....and for a 95 year old who never v ~ s ~ t ead ctor during her Iifet~me, she has certainly earned her rest and a peace in Buddha's Nrrvana. "

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Leora Thatcher, costun above for her role as Ada Lester in Tobacco Road.

Courtesy Special Collections, University of Utah, and Linda Thatcher.

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LeOra Thatcher

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This noted Broadway actress a's0 starred On radio and TV(1 ,

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Leora Thatcher was born May 12, 1894, in Logan, Utah, to Sarah Catherine Hoplans and Moses Thatcher, Jr. She attended Brigham Young tollege, Utah State Agricultural College (USAC), and the university of u t a h where she studied iheatre and speech under Maud May Babcock, graduating in 1921, She belonged to the pocieties at both Brigham Young College and ;USAC. After graduation she taught speech at LOgan High for two years.

In 1923 she was invited to join the Moroni Olsen Players, a repertory touring company that gave theatrical starts to many young actors Including

Ruey Wiesley, center, June 9, 1954, at the Japanese section of the International Peace Gardens in Salt Lake City. USHS collections.

Ruey Hazlet Wiesley

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First in war, first in peace.. describes this woman's efforts.

Born on June 25, 1886, to William N. and Mary Hazlet in Leon, Iowa, Ruey attended Iowa State Teachers College and taught school in Leon before her marriage on June 22, 1910, to Otto A. Wiesley. In 1921 the Wiesleys moved to Richmond, Utah. Ruey served as matron, librarian, and dean of girls at North Cache High School and taught bookbinding, basketry, and campfire cooking to Richmond's Boy Scouts. Then in May 1927 the Wiesleys made Salt Lake City their permanent home. They raised three sons, Bruce, Vere, and Keith.

An active member of a dozen civic organizations from the American Legion Auxiliary to the ParentTeachers Association, Wiesley had developed a keen interest in serving others early in life. Over the years her efforts included first aid classes,

Von Elm American defeat of the British in Walker Cup competition and had tied for third in the British Open with the famous professional Walter Hagen.

In the 1930s Von Elm turned professional and made a career out of his athletic prowess. As a pro he played out of Los Angeles and Hollywood and won~.somebig money tournaments.

From 1957 to 1960 Gix was the professional at the Blackfoot, Idaho, golf course. Later he moved to Pocatello where he directed the designing and construction of golf courses in suburban Alameda and at the Sun Valley resort.

Von Elm was married twice, first to Marcella Rodgers and after her death to Billie Dunn. He died in Pocatello on May 1, 1961.

community concerts, civil defense, Red Cross and Salvation Army drives, Girls State, work with amputees at Bushnell Hospital, a bill requiring the U. S. flag to be displayed at polling places, promotion of fingerprinting as a means of positive identification, tree planting and other beautification projects, creating specially designed Easter eggs for neighborhood children, and sharing her family's Thanksgiving dinner with college students who could not go home for the holiday.

Two major projects absorbed this energetic woman in the 1940s. Following a visit to a peace garden in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1939, Wiesley proposed a similar garden for Utah. The Salt Lake City Council of Women greeted the idea with enthusiasm. Wiesley became president of the organization in May 1941, but before plans for the peace garden could be implemented the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941, made war rather than peace the priority of the day. In her presidential message she had urged Council of Women members "to acquire a sane attitude on the many problems that confront us. When democracy is at its tottering point, when the moral fiber of a nation is frayed at the edges, it is the housewife, the mother, the homebuilder, who replenishes the world with the strength of purpose and thought needed for such a battle. " Responding to her country's call, Wiesley accepted appointment in August 1942 as chairwoman of the Women's Division of the Utah War Finance Committee. Realizing that the success of war bond drives would depend upon an organized network of volunteers in every community, she named a chairwoman in each county who then organized each town in the county. The Women's Division sold some $37 million in war bonds and received citations from the federal government. Wiesley herself volunteered 6,000 hours to this project and traveled 30,000 miles on behalf of bond sales.

When the war ended Wiesley again took up the cause of international understanding. With the cooperation of Salt Lake City a section of Jordan Park, 1060 South 800 West, was set aside for the International Peace Gardens, and the Salt Lake City Council of Women made Wiesley permanant chairwoman of this project. It was not always easy to get so many different ethnic groups to work toward a common goal, Wiesley said, but she considered the promotion of brotherhood one of the most worthwhile endeavors of her life. When the International Peace Gardens were dedicated on August 15, 1952, they symbolized the culmination of her 23-year dream.

She died on January 8, 1968.

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