Beehive History, Volume 7, 1981 by Utah Historical Society

BEEHIVE HISTORY

,,I the Fun of It!

THE WAGON MAN GAVE BUNKERVILLEA GLIMPSE OF THE OUTSIDE WORLD AND TWO UNFORGEITABLE NIGHTS. BY JUANITA BROOKS

In .................Juanita Brooks 2 lcarus on the Escatante Desert ........... Carlton Culmseecck 6 r ?.<p :$ Games of the Coal Camp > 3 Children.. ........Mariannekraser 8 "We Look Too Clean!" ....... T. Samuel Browning 12 Helen of Utah, Queen of Athletes.. ....... Miriam 8. Murphy 13 Adventure on the Colorado .......... Harry L. Aleson 14 Indians Invented the Fastest Team Sport ...... Thomas J. Zeidler 19 Castilla Hot Springs. . .Linda Thatcher 22 The Black Baseball Heroes of '09.. .......... Miriam 8. Murphy 25 Favorite Faces from the Past .............Sharon S. Arnold 28 >

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"And he's got a music box with a great big horn like a rnorning-glory, and it sings songs and says pieces and plays band music and everything! He's going to play it tonight for everybody, FREE!" We carried the word around until every family in Bunkerville knew about it. It made us feel very important and like community hnefactors to be sponsoring so great an event. It all happened because, the night hfore, a sbange man had come to our hwse to see about getting hay for his animals. He had stopped his outfit at the bottom of our lot, where a row of tall cottonwoods made a heavy shade. When we lined up to gawk at it Ma called us back sternly, but not a detail had escaped us. Here was a covered wagon like none we had seen before. Ours had round bows and a separate cover, tied more or less securely, while this one had a square, permanent top of thin boards. It had a regular door and steps to go up and a window with a glass pane - not a very big window, but a window, just the same. Music in the N i t That night as we lay across our beds in the back dooryard, we heard the strains of "See That Chicken Pie" from the bottom of the lot. We all sat up, ready to go investigate. "You stay right where you are," Pa ordered. "I'll go down myself. You can hear all you need to from where you are." It seemed to us that he was gone a long time, for we heard several musical numbers a band piece with such a marked rhythm that we beat the time out on the side of the spring cot. Next, we heard a wailing guitar number that tied me all up inside, like there was some thing I really wanted and couldn't have. Then there was a talking number - Uncle Josh but it was not clear enough to understand. When at last Pa came back, he told us that the man and his wife would stay another night and play their phonograih free, and we could invite all the town to come and hear it. Pa would feed their mules in exchange for the

morning-glory,

Edison phonwraph from ad In Deseref Farmer, 1911. u

entertainment. This would be wr first concert by outside talent. The next evening, as soon as the chores were done, people began to gather. There were married couples carrying babies and leading young children. There were d i n g girls in groups, keeping an eye out for the young men who w d d saunter up later. Aunt Sade hobbled up the middle of the road, carrying her rawhidebottomed chair in one hand and her cane in the other, while a grandchild trailed behind carrying a cushion. The moon was in its first quarter, high and bright. The night was warm. Pa and the Wagon Man had improvised seats out of boxes and planks for the older people to sit on. Children climbed onto the big cottonwood logs that had lain there all season, too heavy to be dragged away and too big to cut up. Young folks, mostly paired off by now, were content to listen from a distance and hold hands over by the pole bars. The older ones visited and looked at the unusual wagon with its window of hght and its open door where the music box with its gorgeous morningglory horn rested on a stand.

The lady of the wagon, obviously middleaged in spite of heavy makeup and long earrings and frizzy red hair, held a mite of a dog and talked a line of baby-talk to it to keep it from barking. "Whoever heard of keeping a dog like that?" someone behind me whispered. "Not good for an earthly thing but an ornament. And she talks to it like it was human!" Now began the ritual of getting ready. The Wagon Man picked up one after another of the black cylinders. He studied each one as though in search of an extra good one with which to begin the program. Finally, he found one to his liking, slipped it onto the shining shaft, lifted up the contraption at the foot of the horn, blew at the needle, and turned the crank.

A Diamond! "That needle is a diamond," he explained. The audible intake of breath from the crowd showed that they were duly impressed. "Never have to change a needle on this machine, but you do have to keep it clean." A click and it started. No audience at grand opera was ever more attentive or appreciative. The program was varied. There were many songs, among them "On a Bicycle Built for Two," "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away," and "See That Chicken Pie." There were band numbers and Hawaiian guitar pieces. And Uncle Josh in tlw city told about the bathroom with one place to wash your hands and face, another for your feet, and a big bathtub to get in all over. How he wished it was Saturday night so he could use them all. About eleven o'clock Pa and the Wagon Man held a brief consultation. Then the man announced that this would be the last number, but if the crowd wanted to come again tomorrow night he would be glad to play the phone graph. Since he and his wife had a long trip ahead, if anyone felt like bringing some little thing,.like butter or eggs or a bit of garden stuff, they would be glad to get it. They were not charging for tickets,understand, but would take whatever the people cared to bring. So the next night there was another concert. People came carrying a loaf of bread, a dish of eggs or a roll'of butter, a bottle of jam or an armful-of green corn. Although he was feeding the mules, Pa felt that we should make a further contribution, as there were so many in our family to listen. So he brought a live hen. Ma said she didn't have time to scald and pick

Uncle Josh thought it was a fancy foot bath! From a Sears, Rmbuck ad, 1902.

and clean it, and Pa thought they might prder it alive, anyway. He tied it by a heavy string to the wagon wheel. Now the lady had a real reason to hold her dog and keep him from barking. The Wagon Man outdid himself trying to make this program interesting. He announced each piece, telling who was performing and giving bits of information to help us enjoy it. When the crowd laughed heartily at Uncle Josh in the city and on the elevator and ordering dinner, the Wagon Man bowed slightly as though the applause was meant for him. The moon passed the meridian and filled all the scene with honey-colored light, falling full into the faces of sleeping babies and turning Aunt Sade's hair into a halo. Only the pole bars where the young people whispered and giggled softly lay in dappled twilight. A few older folks shifted on the backless benches, yet they were reluctant to leave. "Let's have that Uncle Josh piece again," Lem called out. "Play ' S hOn, Harvest Moon' again," Cal Barnurn called out, after the laughter following Uncle Josh had died down. Now Cal led out and the young people all joined in the chorus. "Daisy, Daisy,. . . " followed, and again the crowd joined in. "It's getting late," the Bishop said in an aside to Pa. "Don't you think we shwld bring this to a close?" Pa didn't want the pQty to just peter out, so he talked to the Wagon Man who then made a little speech saying that the next number would be the last, It didn't seem appropriate to close such a gathering with prayer. Instead, Pa thanked the visitors for these two evenings

of entertainment. He didn't suggest that they stay another night, because it would be Saturday and nothing - not anything -could interfere with the Saturday rqht dance. And who ever heard-tell of a concert on Sunday? Aham(3ricken So, the Wagon Man and his wife left with

their little toylike dog and their phonograph with the gorgeous morning-glory horn. But the live hen either escaped or was turned loose, for we found her the next morning in the yard, still dragging a bit of string. Ma guessed that the lady didn't know how to pick and dress a chicken. Pa thought maybe the man didn't have the heart to kill it, and they had no way to carry it. At any rate, the string was taken off, and the hen scratched happily among her fellows. Pa allowed that the feed for the mules for an exba night more than paid for our tickets to the entertainment. And the iownspeople had set them up with food enough for weeks. The town was never quite the same,though. During the next week the young people gathered at the molasses mill to eat cane and visit and court It was just a short distance from our place, and we could hear Cal Barnurn's voice lead out in "Shine On, Harvest Moon," with others harmonizing. Often, in other places, the two nights' concerts were referred to as though another dimension had been added to o w lives.

New Longings Whatever it did to anyone else, the phon* graph &d something to me. It made me dissatisfied with myself and with things about me. Here I was, teaching myself to play the organ - that is, to play songs from the hymn book, songs like "Silent Night," "Catch the Sunshine," and others in the key of C. I was really doing something when I could go hthrough without having to stop once to find my place. Of course, I could play only the bass with my left hand. The tenor notes were too complicated. And this fellow brings in an instrument that gives a whole evening's concert after only turning a crank and placing a needle. 3ut the needle had to be a diamond! Surely there must be many things on the Outside that we were missing here. I had heard talk of a new road soon to be made between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City, a road over which cars would pass. Some people in Bum kerville had seen cars. Some had ridden in them. But not even on our trip to Moapa had I seen an automobile. Mrs. Brooks is a Fellow of the Utah State Historical Society and a former member of the Board of Stats History. The above account is from her forthcoming b o ~ k , Quicksand and Cactus: The Memoin of Juanita Brooks, to be published in Novernhr 1881 by Westwater Press of Salt Lake City. Buderville and Moapa are in southern Nevads.

"But not even on ourtrip to Moapa had I seen an automobile." Adfora Hupmobile touring ear in the Deseret Farmer, 1912.

sherds, arrowheads, and grinding stones. Much topsoil and sand had blown into the dense sage on a ridge. The brush was h o s t covered, In my teens that heightened ridge helped to give me an idea: I'd build a h a w glider and launch myself against the gale from that elevation. Likely, my inspiration came from a "how-to" article in the American Boy magazine. A shipment of merchandise spurred the construction. From cartons of corrugated strawboard I took large sheets of material. Slender fishing poles, left from our Iowa days, h h e d spars to strengthen the wings. I made awingoftwosectionsllnkedwithwire. My plan was this: I would lift the wing over my head, gripping it by two handholds. I'd run down the ridge into the wind. I'd rise on the gale. Then, I'd straighten out my body horizontally to reduce wind resistance while my feet, hopefully, found the stirrups to guide fin and rudder. Odd, I didn't give my glider some grandiose title like Desert Eagle. All the name it wore was Steinwender-Stoffreggen stenciled on the strawboard by the importer who had sold the big cartons of whole coffee beans. Proudly, I called mother to admire my handiwork. I could count on her to be complimentary. She stared at the contraption. She started back aghast. "That's a piece of - of yieldererie, if I wer saw one!" she cried. Her word w a s of mixed Norwegian-American coinage and mingled alarm and contempt. Suddenly, I saw through her eyes this Thing in all its flimsy unwieldiness. I had imagined soaring high over the store and the wasteland. She saw me plummeting to destruction. So I did not tell her when I loaded the glider on our flatbed b-uck. I circled the ridge on an old sheepwagon trail. Against a stiff wind I carried the crate to the sandy summit. Awkwardly, I boosted the glider over my head. In a lull I lurched down the hill through sand and brush. The gale rose abruptly. I did too. For a moment I hovered a few feet above

the earth, going "like sixty" in the flood of angry air. Then a scornful gust drove under and flipped me over. I lay on my back panting. Beneath me was a heap of bamboo and wires and strawboard. My primitive craft was not all that hard to repair. The next day I attempted to take off with wings and controls angled a bit downward. For a wild second or two I flew. My feet found the stirrups. Then, in the turbulence, a gust hurled me down. When I recovered my senses I felt a bump rising on my forehead. My cheek pressed against the sand. The glider pressed against my head and back. The wind pressed against the glider and whined derisively through the wires. Looking sideways I saw SteinwenderStoffre& gen on one wing panel. Shakily, I left a huddle of junk on the ridge. I bore my bruises and cuts and defeat home ward. My father broke out his medicine kit. Chuckling, he dabbed iodine on spots and plastered cotton and small bandages on a few places. He was calm. No fuss. He was a gambler who never gambled, yet he could be a plunger himself as in the whole Nada venture. Nada

This Beaver County town lay just north of the Iron County line on the route of the old San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad. Present-day road maps no longer show it. But at her patched-upson,mother exploded. She was a small bomb detonated by a fuse of fear. Then her maternal feelings took over, and she was soothingly sympathetic. In teenage terms I had experienced the optimism and defeats of my elders. My crash could symbolize the fate of the entire Nada dream. Dr. Culmsee is dean emeritus of Utah State University.

Games of the Coal Camp Children THEY HAD FEW "STORE-BOUGHT" TOYS AND GAMES, BUT THESE G tRLS AND BOYS KNEW HOW TO HAVE FUN!

Bennett, Leah, and Gabriel Mangone - children of Italian immigrants living in Castle Gate - took time from play to pose with Amerlcan and Italian flags. Photograph courtesy of the Carbon County Historical Society.

BY MARIANNE FRASER

It is hard to imagine parents and grandparents as children who enjoyed hide-and-seek, jacks, or even a mischievous prank. But it certainly happened. Almost every adult once liked to play games. Besides being fun, games help a child dexelop mentally and physically. Certain games, like playing fireman, let children practice possible careers. And physical activities teach youngsters how to use muscles in a coordinated way. All of these ideas m a y be true, but children know the most important reason games $re played - because they are fun! The boys and girls who lived in the Carbon County coal camps would have agreed. Games played an important part in. coal camp life in the 1920s and 1930s. However, these activities were somewhat different from tbsse'oftoday. Mast ,of the families were poor.

The children had few "store-bought" games or toys. For some, even movies and radios were rare. And tebvision, well, that was an invention of the future. This lack may sound terrible to today's children, but those who grew up in the camps remember many adventures and humorous situations that rival today's factorymade games or computer activities. As in the computer games, fantasy played an @portant role in many coal camp activities. Through imagination, the children made the best of what they had. One woman remembered playing house, a *favorite pastime of little girls: M y first doll was o beer bottle. . . .Mymother said hat was m y doil so I wrapped it up. If worked just fine. Evelyn Jones Patterick

When house was played on a smaller scale, furniture was needed; We made [doll house] furniture out of clay in Hiawatha. We'd make little couches and chairs and set 'em out [in the sun] and let 'em dry and they went just as hard. That was our play furniture. Fern JonesBoyack

With a little imagination the children found other furnishings for the home:

. . . We'd take a piece of cardboard like this [one foot by two feet] and poke holes all along [in columns and rows] with a nail. . . .We'd put telephone numbers over these holes and then we'd take two or three nails and those were our plugs. . .and then we put strings on the nails and then we'd plug those in and [say], "Number please.". . . W e had fruit jar rings tied together for the operator's headdress. Fern JonesBoyack

We'd take catalogs and where it advertises curtains. . . we'd cut those out and fix a piece on the back so it'd stand up and that was our window in our house. Fern JonesBoyack

Being grown up enough to have a doll and a doll house called for the proper dress. Tin cans proved useful: We'd stamp on 'em and that would make us either high heels or stilts. Fern JonesBoyack

Playing house was not limited to females. The boys also built their own private world: Everybody built a shack. Two or three boys would get together and find material and tin and build o shack. . . .They'd have it rigged up reol nice. . . with a bed and a stove. . . .They'd spend a lot of time in there playin' cards, drinkin' coffee and maybe cookin' some eggs. Edwin Eynon Hardw

PlayingG~Up Playing house was not only fun, it also helped to prepare children for adult roles. Games offer youngsters a chance to practice possible careers. A common job for some women during the 1920s was that of telephone operator. Practicing for that occupation was great fun: .

Sewing machine doubled as a pretend church organ. From asears, Roebuck ad, 1902.

Besides talking to make-believe callers, the girls practiced skills of a higher sort. The anticipated rewards were not necessarily eternal salvation: . . . We played Sunday School all the time and 1 always had to be the organist. . . .So I'd sit at the sewing machine and it had the treadle at the bottom, well that was my pump for the organ and I'd just play away and we'd sing songs. . . We had bread broken u p in little pieces and water and I think that's what we went for. . . .We'd play sacrament so we could

eat. Fern JonesBoyack

Homemade earphones and call board for playing telephone operator.

Most activities, like playing Sunday School, followed the better deeds of the adult world. Unfortunately,some children also imitated the hate displayed by a few adults. During the 1920s the violence, hate, and racism of the Ku Klux Klan appeared in Carbon County.Some children in Castle Gate were quick to follow this model: . . .The kids used to organize in gangs. . . . They had [cm1] strike trouble and there was some problems with the Ku KIux KIan. . . . I remember 'em[KKK] burning a cross on the hill . . .and it s t d the kids to playin'games like

RUMheepRun Most of the games that required strong muscles were not quite so strenuous as running from an angry baker. Run-sheeprunwas popular with the children and required cunning as well as speed. It was similar to hide-and-seek: It's played at night. Three or four kids run in one direction and hide. They're the sheep. Three or four others are herders. The herders count with their eyes closed and then yell "Run Sheep Run" and the sheep run and hide. If the sheep could get home without being caught they won the game.

that.. . . Some of the meaner kids in town organized what they called "The Gunny Sack Gang. " They put gunny sacks over their heads with eye holes cut in. . . like the KKK and they'd catch kids and harass 'em.They were

quite mean.

Edwin Eynon Hardee

Fortunately, most children did not become involved in that kind of activity. But they did get into mischief! Adults recall many childhood pranks in the coal camps. One oftemtold story occurred in Castle Gate and involved a mischievous boy and a bakery truck: . . .We use to swim by the old highway, there's a little hill there. And this baker, Ed Richeda, he'd come along with all the fresh bcrkery[items for the town]. He always had a real good bakery. . . .[When he was] goin' up the hill [ a young boy] climbed out of the swirnrnin' pond and ran up behind [the truck], and opened the two back doors and swiped a tray of donuts and then [he] ran. . . .Course the truck kept goin' up the hill with the doors open. . . .Well a tmy of bread would slide out, a tray of rolb. He lost most of his load goin' up the hill, Richeda] caught him but not 'till after he'd passed the donuts to all of us.

Saline Hardee Fraser

The rugged mountains surrounding the camps offered ideal hiding places for runsheeprun. The terrain also provided an excellent setting for top-secret adventures. However, some of these operations were failed by young spies: . . . We'd take our treasures up there [on the mountainside] and bury them.. . .And then the mean kids next door, they'd follow us. . . and spy and watch what we were doin'. Next few days we'd see those kids with aII our stuff . . .playin' in their yard. . . .We'd bury some-

mr.

Edwin Eynon Hardee

Clear Creek, one of the Carbon County coal towns, shows a typical layout. Sunoundlng hllls were ideal for skiing on barrel staves or hidlng. USHS collections. 10

Pollywog, or tadpole, is early stage in a frog's or toad's development.

thing that was special to us, maybe a piece of jewel~yor maybe a pollywog. . . .We'd keep 'em [pollywogs] in cans for quite a while, untii they got too big and then we'd squeeze 'em and kill 'em.

Criminal activity, however minor, always seems to catch up with the culprits. The roller skating gang ended up victims themselves: If you saved so many [thousandsJgum wrappers of a certain kind you could get [a free pair of rollerJskates. . . .We'd go search down under the show house and we'd save 'em for Evelyn [PatterickJ so she could get a pair of skates. She'd only had 'em [new skates] three days and sotfieone stole 'em and made a scooter out of 'em. She didn't even get a ride on the scooter. Fern jones Boy ack

Evelyn Jones Patterick

And so went the pollywogs. Luckily some pollywogs survived, since there are plenty of frogs today. Weeds also suffered under the children's hands: Our umbrella was a big weed. We'd walk around with that over our heods pluyin' that it was rainin'. Fern JonesBoyack

Girls played jacks and hopscotch.

The fun didn't stop when it really rained.

The children played jacks. The game had one hazard that is not too common t d a y -wooden slivers. Since jacks were played on the wooden porches, splinters posed a problem. Jumptherope and hopscotch could be dangerous. Both games were played on the dirt sheets. The children had to move quickly when cars drove by. In addition, the hopscotch grid had to be continually redrawn since the traffic and dust kept erasing it.

&id= hopscotch and jacks the coal camp children also enjoyed roller skating. In fact, sometimes the skates became a getaway vehicle: We'd roller skate down to the store [company store in Hiawatha]. . .their cookies would be displayed in big boxes. . . .We'd skate in. . . then we wore big black bloomers with elastic around the legs real tight. . . .There was a devil's food cookie we liked and we'd take one and put it up our bloomer Ieg and then skate out. ... Evelyn JonesPatterick

These Sears, Roebuck roller skates cost 85 cents In 1927.

No Skiing for Girls! Even then a life of crime did not pay. Something else that did not pay was breaking the tradition of what games girls should play. One taboo for girls was skiing.It was not considered a ladylike sport. That, of course, did not stop the adventuresome young girls of the camps: We watched the boys skiing or making skis out of barrel [staves] and so we decided to try it. . . .W e went u p on the mountainside /in Castle Gate] and there was an awful lot of snow so we figured it covered everything and we didn't have to watch out for the trees. We tied the barrel [staves] to our feet with rags and started down the hill. We darned near killed ourselves. . . .l got the darnedest spanking. . .not because w e could've gotten hurt, but 'cuz Iittle girls weren't suppose to do things like that, Saline Hardee Fraser

One vigorous activity that was all right for girls was swimming. Although the boys and girls swam together, bikinis were definitely not in style: We didn't have swimmin' suits then. W e wore overalls, striped overalls, and our pockets would get full of water. Fern JonesBoyack

Group activities were not limited to dayh e swimming. Taffy pulls were a favorite at evening parties: You'd make the taffy and then you all got some of the taffy and then you'd pull it. . . 'till if got really nice. . . .You buttered your hands, stretched the taffy out, made a rope, and cut it in little pieces. Everyone with their dirty

hands,

Evelyn Jones Patterick

Remembering that no one washed hands prompted one adult to muse: . . .Mnybe thnt wasn't chncolofe tnffy nfter

ail.. .

Saline Hardee Fraser

In addition to taffy, ice cream was also a favorite food. Since there were no ice cream stores, the children made do with what they had. The mountain location of the coal camps proved ideel for ice cream production: . . . We made ice cream out of snow, canned milk and vanilla or Iernon extract. . . .Just get the snow when it's hard and stir a little milk in and some extract - that was our ice cream. Fern JonesBoyack

In many ways the world of the coal camp children moved more slowly than life today.

The challenges were different, but the games served many of the same purposes of those played today. Knowiw that one's parents and grandparents experienced the rivalry, anger, and mischief of childhood sometimes makes w i n g up a little easier. After all, they survived! Not only did they survive, they cherish the memory of childhood: Some people think, "What poor little kids." But it was a fun time. Fern JonesBoyack

The gamas the children played reflect the creativity, joy, sadness, and adventure that were part of growing up in the Carbon County coal camps. Mrs. Fraser is a member of the University of Arizona faculty.

BY T. SAMUEL BROWNING

When a small boy, 1 had to herd cows on the lower forks of the Ogden and Weber rivers. Many is the time we fished while watching our herds. We used a long straight stick and a piece of string and a bent pin for our fishing equipment. We would catch minnies (minnows)and bite their heads off and cook them over a bonfire which usually held some potatoes we had brought from home. That was a real fish dinner. Fried minnies and roasted potatoes. The boys in those days didn't have pocketknives is the reason for our having to bite off the heads of these minnies. Sometimes we used these minnies for fish bait to lure larger fish on our hooks. On the east side of Washington Boulevard, about where the old telephone building now (1941) stands, ran a canal. We lived right close by this. Some of my boyhood impressions were when we

did not want us to go swimming in the Weber River. My brother and I used to wonder how she would find it out. She would say, "Well, boys, did you go swimming today?" "NO,mother, we did not." She would then use a strap on the seat of our pants. Finally, my brother said, "I know how she finds out, we look too clean." So the next time we went swimming, my brother said, "We are going to play a trick on mother this time." After our swim in Weber River, we ran a long ways and got to perspiring rather sufficiently and then picked up dust and threw into each other's faces. When we returned home mother asked us if we had been swimming, and we told her we had not. This time she really believed we hadn't. Mr. Browning was born in 1860 inOgden, Utah, and served a s that city's mayor during 1918.19. He

Helen of Utah, Queen of Athletes HELEN BERTAGNOLE STARRED IN MANY SPORTS AND WON FAME AS A GOLFER. BY MIRIAM B. MURPHY

The Trojan War was fought over Helen of Troy. But Helen of Utah fought her own battles on the golf course and the basketball court. She was also an expert swimmer, bowler, and softball player. During the pioneer centennial in 1947, Helen Hofmann Bertagnole was named Utah's outstanding woman athlete of the past century. As a youngster she swam so much that her hearing was impaired. But Helen developed other athletic interests, especially golf. She liked to caddy for her father, George Hofmann. The male caddies at Forest Dale golf course thought girls should not be allowed to carry clubs. Helen supposedly bloodied a few noses standing up for her rights. She began entering golf tournaments as a teenager. Although she played well, her opponents were more experienced and more consistent. But, with practice, her game became less erratic, and eventually she was almost unbeatable. In 1935 when she was 19 years old, Helen won the local grand slam of women's golf: the Fort Douglas Invitational, the Salt Lake City championship, and the Utah state title. Not only did she have a great year as a golfer,she also starred on the Barnett and Weiss girl's basketball team that competed in the AAU national tournament. The following year Helen played on the Auerbach's basketball team that won the Intermountain championship. She also repeated her golfing victories in the Fort Douglas and state tournaments. She did not compete for the city golf title in 1936. In all, Helen won the Utah state women's golf championship six times. No doubt she could have won more tournaments than she did. Legend has it that Helen stayed out of many competitions to give other golfers a chance. Salt Lake Tribune sports editor John Mmngr wrote: "She was so great women's golf would have died from lack of entries if Helen hadn't refrained from entering most of the

Helen Hofrnann Bertagnolewas the first woman Inducted into the Utah S~ortsHalf of Fame. Photograph courtesy of the mseret News.

tournaments." Indeed, she was a powerful golfer, posting a sizzling 33 on the front nine of the old Fort Douglas course. Because of her versatility as an athlete it's tempting to compare Helen Bertagnole to the great Mildred "Babe" Didriksen Zaharias. And HeIenls biggest golfing victory came in 1938 when she defeated "Babe" in the sernifinals of the Women's Western Open golf tournament. Besides beating "Babe," Helen drove the ball farther than any of the other women players at the Western Open. In 1958 Helen turned professional and worked as a teaching pro at Salt Lake's Bonne ville golf course. Then, like "Babe" Zaharias, she fought one of the great battles of her life against cancer. Helen died in 1962 at age 45, but her achievementslive on. In 1974 she was inducted into the Utah Sports Ball of Fame, housed in the Salt Palace. Material for this account was taken from Salt Lake

City newspaper stories about Helen Bertagnols.

BY HARRY L. ALESON

The attempt to ride big rapids in the m i k deep Grand Canyon was done for a serious purpose. It was a test, or experiment, to learn if a river party could be brought uut safely in the event of a future boat loss, or wreck. For more than a year the 1946 Raft Drift had been planned. Georgie White of our Sierra Club was the only person interested to make such a sbnuous journey, She had made the GRAND TREK in 1944, across the isolated Shivwits Plateau, Arizona Strip, and the 61% mile Life Preserver Drift in 1945, all within the Grand Canyon. I knew she was a most courageous woman. Georgie White left Los Angeles, and I left Richfield, Utah, for our meeting at St. George, Utah, June 18, 1946. On June 19, Royal Blake took us out about 75 miles onto the 6,000-foot Shivwits Plateau, by pick-up, over rugged hails, about 100 miles from St. George. At the brink of the junipercovered plateau abruptly broke away h mile-deep Grand C a n yon. We were to be on our own until June 30. For most of three days we were in unmapped territory as we hiked down off the rim, down side canyons, to the Colorado. The heat was more intense than the summer desert. Our water was nearly gone at 4 p.m. We rationed it to a small swallow after each rest stop. The water was held in the mouth, 20 to 30 minutes, while hiking,to force nosebreath ing and relieve dry throat. At 7;00 p.m. the water was gone. At 8:30 we dry camped, with one sheet each, and with life preservers for pillows. The following morning we are on the way at 4:50. No sign of water in the dry wash. At 9:00 we chop the head off a barrel cactus, chew the white meat inside for water. It is too slow. We carry pulp along in a cup. We mix it with lime juice, and chew it as we hike on. We come upon drop-offs, dry waterfalls. We dimb down by hand and lower backpacks with a line. A few yellow jackets are busy about a deep pothole in the limestone. Moisture? After an hour's digging by hand in the rock and Opposite: Lava Falls, just below Mile 179 on the Colorado River, is one of the mast dangerous rapids. Aleson and White entered the river some 20 miles below this treacherous piece of water. Engraving from Clarence E. Dutton's 1882 report on Grand Canyon for the U.S. Geological Survey.

gravel, we find water at arm's length. It is too brackish We drown the flavor with lime juice and sugar. With no ill effects, we absorb cupful after cupful for over four hours. We vary the flavor with instant coffee. We are greatly refrahed. We saw high p l a m pass over. At 5:00 we are hiking again, after the heat of the day. Near 6:00 p.m. we come upon six potholes in the limestone. The water is delicious. We drink, refill canteens, bathe, and hike on. Again we walk without a word, with mouth closed on water. At nine o'clock we dry camp again. In near-exhaustion, we sleep upon large boulders with sheets and life presemers only. Early on the third day we hike on, holding a mouthful of water from rest stop to rest stop. We find three wild burros in a mesquite thicket. We come into the first shale. It is nearly 5,000 feet under the rim and means the river must be near. About 9 0 0 a.m. we think we hear wind high in the canyon walls. At the next rest stop, we know we are listening to the distant roar of the Colorado River rapids. Water Everywhm What a glorious experience to come upon so much water in this parched desert area! After cooling down, we wade into the delicious running waters. We make colored motion pictures of it. The t h e is Sunday, June 23. We are 81 miles above Lake Mead The U.S.G.S. map of the river shows we are at an elevation of 1,525. Lake Mead level is about 1,160. We must drop over 365 feet of big water rapids, nearly all of it in the first 36 46 miles. From the mouth of Parashant Wash, as far as we can see, there seems to be a continuous rapid. We gathered the best cottonwood and juniper logs and a bridge timber from the driftwood. The heat is intense and forces many cooling swims. Afternoon winds rise, blowing spray upriver off the tops of waves. We had arrived at the river with 90 important articles of equipment. We had 15 different foods of a very M t e d quantity. On Monday, June 24, we packed for travel on the river. We built our first log raft, binding it with part of the 500 feet of line we had. The raft could not be forced into the swift current. Each effort was a failure. Finally, after four hours we abandoned the raft in the big backwater. We immediately prepared the one-man rubber air float designed for bomber use at sea. We each wore two life preservers, a U.S.Navy

kapok vest and a U.S. Army Air Corps "Mae West," with backpacks containing other equip rnent. A Caphe We had gone less than a mile when rough water rolled the raft over. Georgie had her grip on the light life line and stayed with the air float. I had dropped my hold, gone under the waves, and come up some distance away. By swimming toward each other, we soon had a grip on the float, righted it, and I rowed it to shore while Georgie hung on as she swam &hind. The only loss was my tight-fitting cloth hat, taken by the river. The air raft was so short that there was barely room for me to sit with straight legs and row. Georgie had to sit at the other end with her back to me with her feet in the river. Naturally, the center of gravity was very high, and balancing the air float was touchy business. Tuesday June 25. After rice-raisin, coffee, candy breakfast we enter the river. At Spring Canyon there were no logs for a raft. Iron taste in water. At Mile 205.1 we came to a huge rapids. It was a very vicious looking piece of water. After some time I scouted out a possible way round on the left bank ledges. We portaged about a half-mile. We rode more river and came out at the mouth of Indian Canyon. No logs in sight. On Wednesday, June 26, we portaged a rapids that dropped 12 feet in four-tenths of a mile. At Fall Canyon we made up the second log raft. It would not take the current. We marked it No. 2, aad abandoned it. Mean winds held us up. A light plane flew upriver. We made huge letters, 25 to 40 feet high in the sand. "OK." They did not see us. We go on downriver through more rapids to night camp at Three Springs Canyon.. Thursday, June27. No logs in sight for Raft No. 3. After going through much bad water we pulled out at the top of an 18-foot drop in % mile. We began a long portage, up a side canyon and across a high bench, hundreds of feet above the river. Many times, we lowered our air float and backpacks with line down ledge after ledge. We were back at the river at "Mile 218." From here on we would be in familiar territory.

We Find Food Every day we saw and heard planes. On the afternoon of June27 we were down to bouillon cubes as our only food. That night, at dusk,

4 LAKE MEAD

-rC ST. GEORGE

Met by Park Service boat.

w e arrived at a large food cache I had left in February 1944, when a large motor was wrecked on an upriver attempt. Friday, June 28. Far behind schdule. We are 60 miles from the point we are due tomorrow afternoon, top of blue water of Lake Mead. We enter the river at the very place we started our 6&mile Life Preserver Drift in July 1945. We ride straight through seven more rapids and pull in at a big one. We portaged 224 Mile Rapids and rode everything down to Diamond Creek. It is astounding how we have learned to balance our tiny air float through waves higher than the fIoat is long. Motion pictures from the water are impossible. The camera must be carried in the water-tight can in the backpack. We make camp near beautiful Quadruple Falls, which I found and explored in 1942.

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of River Run GRAND CANYON

) Parashant Wash June 23,1946 First log raft built and abandoned.

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205 Mile RapidPortaged rapids.

SHIVWITS PLATEAU and abandoned.

Portaged rapids.

Separation Canyon

224 Mile Rapid Portaged rapids.

Second capsize.

Diamond Creek

Georgie White and Harry Aleson wear thelr most Important river runnlng equlprnent - Llfe Jackets.Thelr knowledgeof the Colaradoand their experience in running it place them among the pioneers of today's popular, and much less dangerous, river running. USHS collections.

Saturday, June29. The Thunder God of the Colorado protected the river rats today! Three miles below our start, huge waves rolled us over. Quickly we were out of sight of each other. Georgie had the air float, going upstream in the swift backwater. I was carried d o m sham through rapid after rapid, sucked under time after time, gasping, gulping'air, water, choking, gagging, through three terrible miles. It seemed I must drown. A backwater brought me inshore. After a terrific struggle, I. swam to the black granite wall and crawled onto the jagged rock. The backpack, with motion picture camera, film, hung by one shoulder strap. Water seeped out of the camera. A half-mile away was Georgie and air float in the hazy light. The current swept her past. Around the bend she made it to shore. Painfully I climbed along the granite wall. Two hours after Our capsize we were together and on the river again. We drift over more rapids

and are soon on the smoother waters above Separation Canyon. We rest, eat, break away waterdamaged film, at a food cache in a cave. In the afternoon we drift down 22 miles to camp. Sunday,June 30. We drift down nearly 18 miles more, and just above Emery Falls are met by a large Park Service boat with twelve persons aboard. We are most grateful. We had not been lost at any time (as news items stated). The only medical attention we received was delicious cold milk. We had arrived within a mile of the destination. We do not feel that we were "Rescued," as reports stated. Under no condition must others plan a similar raft drift, unless it be to save your life. This story comes from the Harry L. Aleson Collection at the Utah State Historical Society Library. It has been

shortened and edited slightly.

Indians lnvented the Fastest Team Sport CENTURIES OLD, LACROSSE REMAINS POPULAR IN NORTH AMERICA. INDIANS ALSO PLAYED MANY HOOP AND POLE GAMES. BY THOMAS J. ZEIDLER

If you believe what movies tell you about history, a favorite pastime of American Indians was riding horseback around a circled wagon train so that pioneers could use them for targets. But movies seldom tell us the h t h about history. One aspect of Indian life that is rarely portrayed in movies or on television is their games. Probably the best known Indian game is lacrosse which is extremely popular in the eastern states, especially Maryland which produces some of the best players. Originally called baggataway by the Iroquois Indians, who devised it as a form of training for warfare, lacrosse got its present name from French explorers who thought the stick the Indians used looked like a Roman Catholic bishop's crosier. La Crosse is French for crosier, the staff that a bishop carries as a symbol of his office. Lacrosse is played on a larger field than American football. Unlike buggataway which could have 50 or more players on a team, a lacrosse. team has ten players. The game resembles a combination d of football and hockey with the continuous motion of soccer.

Lacrosse fie'd hockey. Players carry sticks that look

something like long-handld racquets.

Most sports authorities believe it to be the fastest team sport in the world. Today lacrosse is the national summer sport of Canada. Since the late 1960s the University of Utah has had a lacrosse club in the Rmky Mountain League. Thus, a game invented by Indians in northern New York State made its way to the land of the Utes. The best-known game among the American Indians themselves was what anthropologists call hoop and pole. Unlike lacrosse, hoop and pole was played throughout the United States and Canada. Basically, hoop and pole involves throwing a spear or tossing or shooting an arrow at a hoop or ring. Scores are determined by the positions of the target and projectiles. The hoops were made with whatever material was most readily available. The Hopi, who were among the most successful agriculturalists, made theirs of cornhusks. Navajos wrapped theirs with rawhide. Some hoops, like those of the Utes, were decorated with beads. The size of the hoops also varied greatly from over two feet on the Great Plains to 2 W inches for the Paiutes. It is interesting to note that

Hop1 comhusk game ring, five inches in diameter, and corncob darts with two feathers each and sharp points of wood. Drawings here and below are from a U.S. Bureau of Ethnology report.

the Great Plains Indians' favorite game animal was the bison. The Paiutes, however, hunted much smaller animals like rabbits. Just as baggataway served as a practice for war, the hoop and pole game could have served as a practice for huntina, The projectiles thrown at the hoops also showed much variety. The Hopi used feathered darts made from corncobs. The N,avajo and Apache used similar jointed poles, sometimes as long as 1 5 feet. The poles are said to represent the twin war gods; therefore, the game may have had a religious meaning. The ends of the Apache poles had rings used in determining the score;the Navajos attached a leather thong for scaring.

Above: six-inch wooden game ring of the Ute Indians is wound with colored beads and decorated with ful; buckskin-wrapped darts for rlng game of the Uncompahgre Utes are 14 inches long. Right: 13 lh-inch game ring and =inch darts of the Shoshoni Indians.

The Uinta Utes sometimes shot wooden arrows banded with red and blue paint. The Uncompahgre Utes used 1einch darts made of sticks wrapped with buckskin, with buckskin thongs in three sets of three near one end. They tossed these at a bead-wrapped rolling hoop, or ring, six inches in diameter. The object was to have the ring come to rest on the dart. Not all Indians played the game the same way. (If an anthropologist from another planet were to come to America, for instance, he might call such different sports as baseball, golf, and croquet "club and ball" games.) One Indian group in California rolled the hoops at each other, each hying to knock the hoop over but without releasing his pole.

Artlst George Catlin (17W 1872) visited a Mandan lndlan village in the 1830s and made thls drawing of what he called thls trlbe's favorite game, a variation of hoop and pole. From Catlin's book, North American Indians.

Apaches, however, rolled the hoops through piles of hay. Other Apaches or neighboring Indians like Navajos would by to throw their poles under the hoops just as they rolled into the ridges between the hay piles. An intricate scoring system was developed based on the

number of scoring places on the hoop and on &pole that intersected. Like all games requiring both luck and skill, hoop and pole was popular for gambling. But like all games, it could be played just to pass the time.

More Hoopla over Hoops! Playing with hoops was also a popular pastime throughout the United States during the nineteenth century. The hoop, about 30 inches in diameter, was made of ash It was kept rolling along with an ash stick about 1a inches long "Encounters" consisted of two players driving their hoops against each other from some distance. The one whose hoop stood the longest after they hit was the winner. Adults in that time, of course, found a reason to complain about hoops. One Qitic wrote, "Nocan be more &jec tionable than are modern iron hoops; they are exceedingly dangerous to bypassers, and many are the shins that have been broken, and not a few old men have been thrown down and killed by them." Children of that time no doubt mumbled about "old fogies" as they rejoiced in the satisfying clang that iron hoops made when they s h c k each other. Toward the end of the nineteenth century playing hoops or "encounters" disappeared. Probably it began to look old-fashioned to children enthralled by the new machine then becoming popular. It had wheels and pedals and you could ride it like a horse - the bicycle.

Almost immediately adults were heard complaining loudly about the new contraption - often called a "scorcher" because riders "burnt up the pavement" riding them so fast on sidewalks. (Most roads then were still rut- and mud-filled.) Once again dire warnings appeared in print and from pulpits about broken legs and old men being knocked over. But once American youth got the bicycle they were not about to part with it until they were old enough and had money enough for something with a motor in it. The hoop had one last moment of glory during the summer of 1958 when millions of plastic "Hula Hoops" were sold across the country. Probably nobody who owned one then cwId explain now just why he or she just hod to have one. Maybe it was because adults looked so silly byhg to keep them spinning around their waists. By the following year, however, hula hoops had disappeared into basements and closets. The word had spread that playing with hula hoops was "kid's stuff." After that, no one who wanted to be "with it" (which meant "hip" or "cool") would have been caught touching a hula hoop.

astilla Springs from the hillside behind the resort, looking south toward the railroad tracks and the Spanish ork River, ca. 1917. George Edward Anderson photograph, courtesy of R J I G. Francis, Heritage Prlnts.

Castilla Hot Springs ATTHE TURN OFTHECENTURY THIS RESORTAITRACTEO TRAINLOADS OF VISITORS TO TAKE THE HEALING WATERS. BY LINDA THATCHER

The Utah landscape is dotted with hot springs resorts that have come and gone. Although a few remain, most are merely memories to aging Utahns. One such popular resort during the 1890s and early 1900s was Castilla Hot Springs in Spanish Fork Canyon, Utah County.The name Castilla was suggested either by the castlelike rock formations nearby or because the Spanish priest-explorers Escaiante and Dominguez discovered the springs in September 1776 as they followed the Spanish Fork River down the canyon. They called it Aio de Aguos Calientes ("River of Hot Waters") because of the hot springs flowing into the river. In 1889, more than 100 years later, William Fuller filed for a patent on the hot springs

property with the U.S. government. On the land he built a small house which contained a wooden tub for bathing in the mineral water. Later, the Southworth family became inter*: ested in the property. Ms.Southworth, thwi family matriarch, felt that her health had bee%:, improved by bathing in water from the spri She urged her two sons, Sid and Walter, to the springs to "make a resort for people have hopeless afflictions, that they may corn and be cured." The Southworths obtained the la Fuller and began to improve it. They fil swampy area with gravel and built a story, red sandstone hotel. Other structures included indoor and outdoor swimming pools, a store, a dance pavilion,private bathhomw,

several private cottages, and a saloon. Picnic areas, a baseball diamond, and stables were also provided. During the summer months the Denver 8r Rio Grande Railroad ran excursion trains to Castilla. One of the most popular runs was the "moonlight excursion" from the Tintic Mining District in Juab County to Castilla. The train stopped at stations along the way to pick up passengers for an evening of dining and dancinp.

Besides providing recreation for many Utahns, the resort area was the site of several enterprises, including a cigar factory and a quarry that furnished silica used as flux by the Columbia Steel Company in Lronton, Utah Nevertheless, the warm, sulfuric water remained the principal attraction at Castilla. Bathers came from far and near for the relief they believed they would find for such illnesses as rheumatism and arthritis. The springs' water also became popular as a "cure" for other ailments such as alcoholism, chainsmoking, moral dissipation, and the "tendency to use profane language."

The outdoor swimming p o l at Castilla. Photograph courtesy of Vem Jeffers.

Above: Sculptor Gyms E. Dallin and members of his famlly at CastlllaSprings, ca 1917. Large building is hotel fwguests. George Edward Anderson photqraph. Below: In 1975 the site of Castllla Springs looked more like a swamp than a oncepopular resort. Both prints courtesy of Rell G. Francis, Heritage Prints.

In 1912 Sid Southworth died. Noted sculptor Cyrus Dallin, a native of Springville, helped his sister Daisy [Sid's widow) financially with the resort. Eventually, he gained controlling interest in Castilla, but he had to rely on relatives to run it as he lived in Boston.The resort enjoyed a brief renewal of popularity in the 1920s,but by the 1930s it had fallen into disuse. Lack of funds and competition from other resorts contributed to its downfall. In the 1940s a fire destroyed most of the hotel. What remained was eventually torn down. Today only a few rotting timbers, a cement cistern, and a few ponds created by the springs mark the spot where the onceh i v i n g resort stood. Ms.Thatcher is a librarian at the Utah State Histotical Society.

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The Black Baseball Heroes of '09 "OLD WAR HORSE" HARRISON PITCHEDTHE OCCIDENTAL TEAM TOTHE UNDISPUTED STATE CHAMPIONSHIP IN A FUN SEASON.

BY MIRIAM B. MURPHY

.. s' .

On a cold April 4, 1909, in Salt Lake City the Occidentals faced the Independents in the first game of the new baseball season. A crowd of 1,500 turned out for the Sunday afternoon contest. Walker field was in rough shape. So were the players. The two teams made a total of 13 errors! Play had to be stopped in the sixth inning when all t h.balls had been fouled over the grandstand fence. Searchers were sent to find them so the game could continua The Occidentals took an early lead. By the seventh inning the black team was ahead 10 to 3. But the Independents came up with five runs in the bottom of the seventh. Then, according to the Salt Lake Tribune, "The Occidentals nearly took a fit and they offered their pitcher everything they had if he would only ga in and shut out the 'white trash' during the remainder of the game." Pitcher Harrison got the message, although he did allow one more run. The Occiidentals won 10 to 9 and the season was off to a hilarious start The Occidentals were one of a dozen teams that hoped to win the state baseball championship. The newspaper called these teams amateurs, They would probably be called semipros today. The players received some money from ahO won Or lost money ticket betting with opposing players or fans. ~h~~~ was no league, ~h~ team games from to week with teams from other Utah towns or neighboring states. After their first taste of victory, the Occidentals won the next two. Then they began a long shmp, losing 13 of the next 15 games. Most of these defeats came at the hands of the Montana and Idaho teams they played on a two-week road trip. By summer the Occidentals had juggled their lineup several times. New players had joined the team. "Old War Horse" Harrison, "Dude" Langford, and Tennant did most of the pitching with Langley as catcher. By July 9 the Tribune could report that the Occidentals were having a winning year. '

1! I

TheOccidentalswere nut the only black baseball team to compete against white teams h Utah. Black troops stationed at Forts Duchesneand Douglas played local ball clubs In the late nineteenth century. Orawlng by Frederic Rernington of a black cavalryman.

winningsln!ak For Pioneer Day the Occidental manager lined up a trip to Payson to play one of the toughest teams in the state. But the black team remained on its winning streak. Tennant pitched a good game and shortstop Robison made a sensational catch that robbed the Paysonites of a hit. Hawkins, the third base man, hit a home run for the victors. The Occidentals returned home by way of Eureka where they played and beat the mining town team.

The Tribune praised the black team's winning ways: "The Occidentals are a hard bunch to b a t when they are playing ball in form and they have gained so much confidence in themselves the last week that they cany their pockets full of money which they want to bet on a game with any team in the state." The Occidentals wanted to renew their rivalry with the Independents. But that team was "tired of playing to $25 cruwds" and had disbanded. The Occidentals went on to play teams in Idaho instead. By the time they returned to Salt Lake City a new Independent team had been put together. The two teams met on August 1 with the Occidentals winning a thriller in the ninth, 4 to 3, when Langley hit a double to score Hawkins who had walked. A Famous Umpk In mid-August came the event of the season. Black boxer Jack Johnson, the world heavyweight champion, arrived in Salt Lake City. The champ, who had played a lot of baseball in his teens, agreed to umpire a game between the Occidentals and the Independents. Players often treated umpires roughly in those days. So the heavyweight laid down the law: "Johnson says that he will not stand to have any of his decisions questioned by any 'ignorant' baseball player, and will not stand

Artist: Darrelt Thomas

to have the game delayed. 'Play ball all the time,' says Johnson,'while I am umpiring the game.' "

Most of the city's black residents and many whites turned out for the August 19 game at Wdker field. The Occidentals won 6 to 4. Neither team played its h s t with each side chilking up five errors. The Tribune liked Johnson's umpiring: "The colored pugilist d L played a passing knowledge of the game and umpired as fairly as he could, giving general satisfaction to both sides." The champ left for Oakland to begin training for his next boxing match. The two ball clubs planned a rematch. On August 22 the Independents sent Kilburn, a hot young player from Stanford University, to the mound against the Occidentals. The black team bailed 7 to 5 in the top of the eqhth inning. With a man on first, Hawkins came to bat for the Occidentals. The base runner took a long lead. The catcher got ready to throw him out at second base, but Hawkins stepped on home plate to block the throw! That started a grand rhubarb. The umpire called Hawkins out for interference. His black teammates crowded onto the field to argue the decision. Play was stopped for 20 minutes. It was no use; the white team went on to win 11 to 6.

Heavyweightboxing champion Jack Johnson took time out to umpire one of the Occidentals' games in

Salt Lake Clty. Unlted Press lntematlonal photograph.

To show there were no hard feelings, the Occidentals loaned the Independents four of their star players - Black, Hawkins, Harrison, and Tennant - for a game against Heber City. Harrison struck out eight Heberites, and Black at second base made several brilliant catches. But the integratd team lost a close one, 4 to 3. The Heber players began calling themselves the state champions. Back in Salt Lake City the Occidentals took on the Tribune team. "Chocolates Win from Newspaper Boys by Score of 3 to 2," read the August 30 headline. Then the black team took its final road hip to the Juab County mining towns. A crowd of 600 saw them defeat Silver City 8 to 4 in the rain. At Eureka they stopped the miners 5 to 3 in a well-played contest that drew many spectators. Returning home, the Occidentals defeated the Independents 5 to 4 in another game that saw the black team loudly protest the umpire's calls. Catcher Langley threw down his mitt and mask and began yelling at the umpire. Many of the fans - including Langley's wife joined in. "Dude" L a d o r d had started at the pitcher's spot for the black team, but he was

shaky. The manager moved him to right field to keep his bat in the lineup and let Harrison finish pitching for the winners. The Black Champions After defeating the Yampa smelter team at Murray in midSeptember, the Occidentals b a n to call themselves the champions. Other teams around the state disputed the black team's claim. The teams talked of arranging some playoff games. However, early snows ended the baseball season for the Heber City, Park City, and Eureka teams. On September 29 the Occidentals blanked Yampa 8 to 0 with "Old War Horse" Harrison on the mound. The Tribune noted that the game was free of the usual wrangling over the umpire's calls. Then, on October 3, the Occidentals and the Yampa smelter team met in a final game. Only seven black players showed up at game time, but it made no difference, the Tribune stated. The team picked up two men at Walker field to fill their lineup. Harrison pitched a three-hitter. His teammate, "Bumblefoot" Burns, hit three balls over the heads of the opposing fielders to lead the blacks to a 5 to 1 victory. For the Tribune the game was decisive. They named the Occidentals the "undisputed state baseball champions." The success of this black baseball team and its popularity show one of the roles of sports in American society. In many cases, successful athletes became heroes despite their race or national origin. Over the years, sports like baseball and boxing have given Irish, Italians, blacks, and Hispanics a means of achieving economic status when other doors were closed to them. Major league baseball did not begin to integrate its teams until 1947 with the arrival of Jackie Robinson on the Brooklyn Dodgers. And except for sporting events, blacks were not likely, until recent times, to receive fair coverage in the newspaper. But during the baseball season of 1909 a black team played and defeated the best white teams in Utah and was crowned the state champion by the local newspaper. The Occidentals' accomplishment is especiaIly interesting since by 1909 segregation of the two races had become entrenched as a result of the 1896 "separate but equal" decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. Accounts of the games were taken from the Salt Lake Tribune, April 5 through October 4, f 809.

The oldergifla in tfcis Utah ! ly hold thJr rnmt prized post photograph, Courtesy Of Brigham Young University.

Favorite Faces from the Past -

THE BELOVED DOLL IT'S A TOY, AN ANCIENT RELIC, ACULTURALSYlV IL,ANI COLLECTOR'S1 ASURE. <<" 5

A vinyl Luke ,Skywalker, a button-eyed stuffed stamng, a &aped cornhusk, hollyhocks turned inside out, armies of plastic sddiers, adventurn figures prepared to escape from unlikely crises, indestmciMw mbber baby dolls dressed in thme-arnered pants any of these might find their way into a child's play world. Dolts as playthings are familiar ta dmast everyone, and their history is as old human history, Remains of andent Greek, Roman, and e y p t i a n civilizations include "314 that were buried in children's graves. ,,-ore wmnfly, an Enghsban's drawing of an , ;,., early visit to the Americas shows an h&an child holding an Elizabethan fashion doll. In Utah, a visit to a pioneermuseurn will confirm :. ,.%at ~,hildten%;~alh,'.W~k h p t along,,witk .. kdws menfid1 h'&etrekwest. " .

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.,+.'? Children the world wer: enjoy dalb. The tradition is especially important in japan, w k each year there are two doll festivals - one for girls and one for boys. F d e s bring out elaborate doll collections for display, and p a r k are held. These JapaneseddL are not nursery playtbgs, but they do receive much personal attention from household

members. They take on pr~onalitiesa d characteristics that reflect the values of h" family. A Japanese girl's dolls am heirlooms and are taken with her at marriage for w e in her own family's doll festivals. When a do12 is given as a gift in Japan, it shows a very red desire to enrich the family of the receiver. Another doll that is important in cere monies is tke Kachina of the southwestern P a r i c a n hdians. Kechinas represent legen-

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Cleo's own doll This was the special girlhood favorite of Cleo Pierce Heavener whose doll collection is at the McCurdy Doll Museum. It is Q German doll with a head of bisque a popular materid because it could be

M c C d y ' s oldest doll Looking unmistakably forlorn among her mom elegant companions, this Er@ish made, wooden doll is one of the oldest in the museum's collection. Boldly original, she probably dates from about 1820.

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ta the gOds, After +e'c~mporli&,ehe Kachim figm&<are given to 'hildrerl,.acrtas toys, but

as a sacred charge. .Most American hall tradi.ti6rrs Begad in Europe. Toymakers bwd+siiftad da1Is in N m ' b e ~ gas early as the+fifcentury for Qurope'swealthy and aristocratic farnilia.. . Manllfmtud d& did not bewme popular, houv&erd,until the mei&&ntb. ~ j u when q ekaborata hshian'dall$.werePmduced i s Pass to ilinstrate bends in dm& a d h r aesign. They were impoftant s w e , of pattern , x i i d fabrii; infomafion far you* Gomen. Some " students'ofdoll &tory see thy French fashion ' , doll as a_ foemt%r.of ~abisk., '

In the nineteenth century Germany and F r a w , as well as Switzerland, were principal do11 manufacturers. England also became hpwfant. An &cle in Harper's Bazaar of August 18, 1877, illustrates England's doll ' philosophy: . . . The English doll is substantial a d d i rriade, can be dress& and u n d r d , is plain in her attire, and dressed like a child; very different from her fine furbelow& French sister, arrayed like a marquise ii silks and satins, with her eyeglass and p60dIe dog. Whatever any child or adult thinks a doll ought to be, there is a good chance that the riety one could be found ammg the thousands of dolls in collections today. A great variety of

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Shirley Temple This version of the popular movie m o p pett is one of the earliest in a long series of Shirley Temple dolls. It was made by Ideal Novelty md Toy Company about 1936. The doll's dress is o copy of a costume designed by MoIlye Goldman for Shirley's role in the film Baby Takes a Bow.

new dolls stare out of cartons and shelves in and department stom, and old dolls can tinue to be tended and preserved by hundreds of private doll collectors. (Doll collecting, of course, is an adult occupation.) All of the dolls pictured here are in the McCurdy Doll Museum in Provo, Utah. Each doll has a special hltory. But even that does not begin to complete the whole doll story. Wax dolls, rag dolls, carved dolls, and "Frozen Charlottes" are some of the types not shown or discussed. As with playthings at any age - from kindergarten bl& to full-size Porsche sports cars - a doll's real value sterns f ~ o mthe fantasy of its human owner. Hopefully, some of these small, ageless peopIe from the past will evoke many memories and feelings of warmth, genermity, and good will.

Byelo Baby This infant doll may not 1 ook important, but in the United States in 2924 she took the doll market by stom. The Bye-lo Baby was designed by American artist Gmce Storey Putnam who thought it was time to make a doll that looked like a real baby. She searched the Los Angeles hospitals for the right face and then modeled a three-day-old infant, life-size, in wax, The w w model was modified sIightIy when the doll was put into p m duction (the eyes were opened (I little and some fat rolls removed from the back of the neck). Bye-10 B a b i ~exist in many versions - celluloid, bisque, and composition. Some are black.

was hailed as genuinely suited to playroom activities. There were many character types, including adventurous boys. The doIb were painted with oil paint that could be washed or even chewed a little with no ill effect. Unlike the delicate bisque-headed dolls of the era, Schoenhut doll heads were roughly carved wood that was forced under pressure into molds to shape the features.

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SchOenbutboy doll In 1911 Albert Schoenhut, a German immigrant to the United States, marketed a jointed, unbreakable, all-wood doll. I t

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Lenci doll Mndcrme Lenci was a prominent doll muker in Italy earlier in this century. Her dolls bear the mark of her artistry. Many twentieth-century dolls reflect an a p p m ciation of children as interesting people rather than a tolerance of them as Iessthm-adult beings. Madame Lenci's dolls are good examples. This child doll is made offelt, pressed and molded so that it is almost ashard as wood. The clothing is also felt.

Kathe Kruse boy and girl Another artist, Kathe Kruse of Germany, began her famous design career with a towel, o potato, and some sand, formed into a doll for one of her children. Some of her homemade dolls were exhibited in Frunce in 1910.Both children and doll fanciers became her fans. Later, she received several Grand Prix at world exhibitions. Today, Kathe Kruse dolls are made b y her son, Hans Kruse. The modern versions pictured are of vinyl.

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An altogether diflerent version of m infant doll - Hilda - was made emIy : in this century by J. D.

guished doll maker many. lnfant dolls were u-dm~wflb e f a 1851 when (I very famous ddl Madame Augusta Monthari, d@dqW, a wax doll family, including i r i f d d , : children, at the Gystal Palace Ex in London. A few years later, *-, someone made an infant like Uw PJ~IOSI Victoria, the respectability of infant Mtj was established.

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