Book Reviews

Glen Canyon Dammed: Inventing Lake Powell and the Canyon Country

By Jared Farmer (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1999. xxvii + 269 pp. $26.95.)

TO BEGIN, IT SHOULD BE understood that this attractive, well-written, and well-researched book is much more than a study of Glen Canyon and its notorious dam and associated reservoir, Lake Powell, so passionately hated by many "while loved by hordes of others It is a book about the soul of the West, using history to understand its body, with Glen Canyon perhaps as its heart

Jared Farmer is a young man still in his twenties, but he writes with something that many others seem to lack—a sense of the basic ambiguity at the heart of the matter of living and of the complexity of both history and the human heart This can be translated in our fractured times as a sense of balance, even a type of "wisdom H e does not write to shock or to display -with lyrical phrases his passion or his perceptiveness He seeks neither to outshout nor outcharm others. I say it as a compliment that he writes the way a good historian should "write—in an ordered "way, with an articulate voice, interweaving many themes into a coherent whole.

Farmer, like most good writers, does write "with passion, but it is a glow that illuminates his writing; it does not characterize it. He is not preaching to either the choir of dam lovers or of haters. It seems to me that he is trying to understand what Glen Canyon (and, by extension, the western landscape) now is by tracing how ideas about it and uses of it have actually evolved through the past century or so. Its grounding in history helps give this book a sense of fairness, of respect, even for those at the extreme ends of the polarized factions, yet it does this while preserving a sense and a set of values.

What is Glen Canyon? Ho w did it come to symbolize so many things to so many different people? What does it have to say about our forerunners on the land and their values? And what are we to make of it now—what are our own values and conflicts as we face this symbol of loss? Though lamenting the loss of the beautiful canyon under the waters of Lake Powell, the author understands that we cannot just lament, we now must face the dam and its reservoir to make somethin g meaningful of it "whether it is drained or continues to exist as a playground (and even symbol of beauty) to millions

The book does not so much attempt to bridge the gap between positions as to help elucidate the passion behind the positions, the paradoxes and dilemmas facing both camps It does not vilify those of opposing camps as either knaves or fools—the West has always engendered conflicting views from those who often shared a surprisingly similar love and passion for the landscape Similarly, Farmer acknowledges the genuine thrill of some of those viewing Rainbow Bridge from the deck of a houseboat, even as he appreciates the sacred significance of the place or the view that formerly was gained only after days of physical exertion to reach it These are problems the author wrestles with and invites the reader to consider. Change is always occurring, but when does change become loss? And, faced with both change and loss, can we—all of us—develop a consciousness that will cultivate the "specialness" of many places, developed or not, while seeking to conserve "what we can of those places more commonly seen as special, places that are truly under siege, being loved to death before our very eyes (yes, even by those who endeavor to defend the "wilderness)? We need a greater scope of defense, the author suggests, one that will allow us to conserve, protect, and cherish even those places som e consider contaminated or spoiled Problems of change and loss and our evolving attitudes towards "wilderness" "will continue with us into the new millennium; to his credit and our benefit Jared Farmer has tried to articulate the problems in this very rewarding book, which will benefit readers of "whatever political stance or environmental position.

RICHARD FIRMAGE Draper, Utah

Rainbow Bridge: An Illustrated History

By Hank Hassell (Logan: Utah State University Press, 1999 x + 173 pp Cloth, $38.95; paper, $19.95.)

IN 1999 ALONE, 234,550 people visited a rock located to the northwest of Navajo Mountain This book is about that rock and the people and cultures who have become attached to it through religious, economic, political, and social bonds While this structure—Rainbow Bridge—is an impressive sandstone arch 291 feet high and 275 feet wide, its most important story lies not in its creation but in the human drama that has played out both within its shade and as far away as Washington, D.C The players in this drama are varied, from the Anasazi to the Sierra Club and from Navajo medicine men to Stewart Udall. Their involvement spans at least a thousand years, drawing the reader through a shifting kaleidoscope of ideas and values that reflect their times and culture.

Th e book is divided into eight chapters, the beginning and ending ones being the author's personal experience and thoughts as he backpacked twice into the bridge within a ten-year period. Other chapters deal "with the arch's geologic formation, American Indian perspectives, the "discovery" and consequent controversy over "firsts," and the early days of tourism with its attendant difficulties in an isolated land. Next, the author examines the issue of the flooding of Glen Canyon and its effects on the bridge, the conflict betwee n environmentalist s and th e Burea u of Reclamation, and the political furor over legislation based in the West but voted on in the East.

Ho w successful was the autho r in telling the history of Rainbow Bridge? Very. He has performed extensive research, primarily at Northern Arizona University, which houses a large collection of Colorado Plateau materials Many of the full- or halfpage photographs also come from those archives and will be new even to readers familiar with this region. There are also sixteen color plates of the arch and its environs inserted -within the book's pleasing format

The author's theme, developed particularly in the last half of the text, is one of environmental protection. He leaves no doubt as to his feelings concerning the Bureau of Reclamation, uncontrolled tourism, economic development at the expense of the landscape, and political maneuvering that undermines preservation. His rhetoric is unabashed. H e says, for example, that in a 1973 ruling "the Circuit Court's decision dealt a sickening blow to the conservationist movement" (140), and later, when discussing the rising waters of Lake Powell under Rainbow Bridge, he tells the reader, "Glen Canyon Dam had claimed its last significant victim" (141) In line with these sentiments, he pays tribute to heroes such as David Brower of the Sierra Club, -who "bless his heart, has never given up the fight" (152) for environmental protection, and John Wetherill, promoter of the bridge as an experience. Hassell is as much an advocate as those he admires, but his tone is not distracting The author is a good writer, and most of his information is highly accurate.

However, as in most books, a few factual errors have crept in. For instance, the name "Anasazi" is more accurately glossed as "Ancestral Enemy " instead of "Ancient Ones " (25); Blanding (founded 1905) did not play a part in the nineteenth-century gold rush and other mining events along the San Juan and Colorado rivers (36); and Hassell's explanation of the role that Kit Carson played in the roundup of the Navajos as well as what Hashkeneinii accomplished as a leader in the Navajo Mountain area could have been tempered with more current scholarship In addition, more than a dozen typos are somewhat distracting, but these faults are minor compared to -what has been achieved. Hassell has done a masterful jo b in gathering sources that vary from geology to court cases and from government documents to Navajo oral history

This book is recommended to readers interested in southeastern Uta h and issues in tourism, environmentalism, politics, and Rainbow Bridge as a national monument

ROBERT s. MCPHERSON College of Eastern Utah-San Juan Campus

The Doing of the Thing: The Brief Brilliant Whitewater Career of Buzz Holmstrom

By Vince Welch, Cort Conley, and Brad Dimock (Flagstaff: Fretwater Press, 1998 xii +

MOST OF US KNOW Buzz Holmstrom as the first person to solo the Green and Colorado rivers in 1937, and this biography illustrates just ho w predictable it may have been that he would chart new territory in the relatively new pastime of running rivers in America It turns out that at a young age Holmstrom and his brother, Carl, came by their knowledge of moving water readily "They knew the motion of -water as -well or better than the ground beneath their feet—the heave of an ocean swell, the smoothness of a lake, the tug of a stream, or the pull of a river They could tell the difference between a trickle, a freshet, a riffle, and a rapid" (29)

A high school student working at Ed Walker's Service Station, Buzz Holmstrom meticulously began to fit together a boat in the basement of the family's Coquille, Oregon, home As Holmstrom's thoughts turned toward running the Rogue River, he looked to others "who had gone before him for advice on boat design and whitewater navigation, including Zane Grey Ells-worth Kolb, and Julius F. Stone. The Rogue River tale sensuously describes the smells and sounds of the river, the rhythms of Holmstrom's rowing, the agony of his decisions—all luring one into the romance of an early adventure of river-running by one lone boy in search of himself.

The authors, all three professional river guides, bring to bear their experience tellingly in their investigation of Holmstrom and his adventures. Their omniscient look at Holmstrom's analyses of ho w and what to do "while a student of the river provides an engaging account of his exploits. If John Wesley Powell's biographer, William Culp Darrah, achieved success in writing about Powell's river adventures while lacking any personal river experience of his own, it is because Powell was know n for so much more than running rivers But Holmstrom's achievements centered on boat-buildin g and whitewater navigation, and the detailed description and aptly selected journal entries create a rich historical account of the development of modern rowing technique and boat design, one of the great strengths of this book

While many early characters fall through the "eddy lines" in the literature of the river, The Doing of the Thing treats us to tales of early inhabitants of the coastal region—the placer miners, the fishermen , and the mountain men In addition , the biograph y recounts Holmstrom's friendships and acquaintances "with a host of notable characters of the Colorado Plateau Amon g them, Holmstrom himself turns out to be one of the most fascinating and, at times, the most inscrutable

For readers of river lore, two sensitive issues emerge over campfire discussions: the mystery surrounding Holmstrom's premature death and the rumor s regarding his sexual orientation. These authors responsibly explore the mysteries of Holmstrom's death and compellingly point to suicide. However, regarding the issue of homosexuality, which may reasonably bear some relationship to suicide, these authors wonder why other historians have even analyzed Holmstrom's character and motives They tend to ignore the fact that this is what historians, and particularly biographers, do For their part, within the entire and richly detailed narrative they explicitly offer only one dismissive line regarding the question of homosexuality W e recognize that it is difficult to pin this issue down, given the times and the probable lack of sexual detail in journals, as well as the questionable expectation that biographers be psychologists However, the authors do choose to move around inside Holmstrom's mind whe n it comes to ho w and wh y he would change his downstream ferry angle or change strategies in the middle of a rapid, and they do it in undocumented detail at times Yet the authors choose to treat the issue of homosexuality by contributing some oblique evidence to the contrary On e has to wonder if this is an abdication of the biographer's responsibility to come down on one side or the other or to explain the reason why this is not possible.

For readers of human-interest accounts, the biography swells -with stories of mentoring, unqualified love and support, humility and courage, and, in the end, despair When this book is held up against other Colorado River research and literature, much of which fails to go beneath the surface, we understand just ho w analytical and probing this kind of research needs to be In most ways, this well-researched, well-illustrated, and poetically written biography stands high.

MARIANNA ALLRED HOPKINS Salt Lake Community College

Against the Grain: Memoirs of a Western Historian

By Brigham D Madsen (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1998 x + 414 pp $31.95.)

BRIGHAM MADSEN IS A TEACHER Although his life took many turns and he spent years as a carpenter, Peace Corps and VISTA administrator, and university librarian and administrator, he is a teacher. His career spans decades and his amazing administrative and leadership talents are recognized by three different Utah universities, yet he remains the ultimate teacher. A native of Utah, he moved with his family to Idaho, where he finished college during the Great Depression and taught in the public schools. H e then went to the Cumberland Mountains as a Mormon missionary and served in World War II. He married, went to graduate school at the University of California at Berkeley after the war, and began an intriguing career that saw his influence spread over decades of teaching.

This autobiography is definitely necessary reading for anyone interested in contemporary Utah. The author is matter-of-fact but totally honest as h e discusses his activities as a Utah educator, author, and activist. There are many exciting reflections on relationships and incidents—for instance, his discussion of his years in graduate school, where Madsen and western historians S. George Ellsworth, Richard Poll, Everett Cooley, and Merle Wells all studied together and wrote dissertations that dramatically changed the teaching of Utah and western history

Madsen's brief stint at Brigham Young University is revelatory as he presents his remembrance of ho w the dreams of a young idealistic professor -were shattered by the autocratic leadership of Ernest Wilkinson. Although Madsen demonstrated his leadership at BYU, he also experienced a loss of religious faith, in part because of his colleagues who quietly analyzed different aspects of their religion Madsen's anecdotes about traveling the West with LDS general authorities are enlightening and humanly delightful. In many respects, Madsen's trial of faith came from the way others, like Sterling McMurrin and John Fitzgerald, were treated. He chose to leave BY U and join his family in the construction business for seven years. Eventually, he returned to an academic career, and he served "with distinction as a teacher and administrator for more than two decades.

Madsen wrote many books, mostly since his retirement, that put him in the forefront of -western historians His several books on Native Americans are pathbreaking, as are his studies of communities, individuals, and institutions His clear, concise style is complemented by a passion for accuracy and objectivity. Whether it is a biography of Col Patrick Connor, a study of Corinne, Utah, an analysis of the Montana trail, or a revisionist view of the Bear River Massacre, Madsen presents history as classical human drama.

However, Madsen is still best remembered as a teacher His intellectual disagreements "with Mormon theology do not diminish his commitment to the universality of humanity as taught by Mormons. He has found his personal guideposts through a lifetime of service to his wife, family, students, and colleagues His life is an example of the best who write history while they are making history

F ROSS PETERSON Utah State University

Through Our Eyes: 150 Years of History as Seen through the Eyes of the Writers and Editors of the Deseret News

Edited by Don C.Woodward (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co., 1999. vi + 216 pp. $39.95.)

BEGINNIN G WIT H ITS FIRST NUMBER , published on June 15, 1850, the Deseret News became "messenger, educator, arbiter, advocate and entertainer" (2) This book offers a generous sampling of the newspaper in each of these roles and fulfills the promise of its title by providing glimpses of 150 years of history as seen by Deseret Mews writers past and present

Edited by Don C. Woodward, designed by Robert R. Noyce, with narrative and connecting commentary by Deseret News writers Twila Van Leer and Carma Wadley, the book unfolds chronologically, a decade per chapter Each chapter has a brief introduction and features seven to twelve topics, providing quotations from Deseret News reports and explanatory commentary by the book's authors Four pages in each chapter, printed on different stock, present brief news reports, editorial comments, fillers, and advertisements under a facsimile of the front-page masthead used during the decade in question. A timeline lists notable national and international events.

Th e book's large format (it measures 14 by 11 inches) allows space for photographs on virtually every page plus ample room for variety and creativity in layout and design Photos come not only from th e paper ; collection s of th e LD S Churc h Historica l Department, the International Society of the Daughters of Utah Pioneers, the Uta h State Historical Society, and the LDS Church Museu m of Histor y and Art are also well represented Even though color came to the pages of the Deseret News only toward th e en d of th e twentiet h century , colo r adds visual appeal throughout the book.

A nine-page summary history of the Deseret News by longtime reporter and editor Hal Knight and lists of the "century's biggest stories," "Th e Church News Top 10," and "Newsmakers" appear at the end of the book Th e index is not comprehensive but could serve to lead readers to featured topics and personalities

Th e book's foreword forestalls criticism of the choice of material by pointing out that it is not intended to be a comprehensive history and admitting that many significant events may be recalled with only a passing mention. Most readers will sympathize with the formidable task of choosing "which stories to retell; at the same time they may wish that the selection had differed slightly in one way or another

Whether or no t one agrees with the book's emphases, it offers something of interest on every page. Readers may sample it at random and find one intriguing item after another For example, page 16 tells the sad story of Joh n Dawson, third governor of Uta h Territory, wh o left Uta h after only three weeks in office "under circumstances somewhat novel and peculiar. . . in a state of mental derangement." Th e next page reports the discovery of a grave-robbing worke r at the city cemetery wh o had removed clothes and valuables from the dead It also provides statistics on causes of death for the forty-six persons buried at the cemetery during April and May 1865 Scarlet fever, with ten victims, leads the list

Or, jumping ahead five decades, on page 86 one learns of the flight of refugees from the Mormo n settlements of Mexico during the Pancho Villa campaigns and, on page 87, of the sinking of the Titanic. The boo k brings us up to date with "Surviving 1-15" and "Th e Olympics: boon and bane" (186 and 191)

The book's creators state that they hoped "to recapture the flavor of the times" in order to provide "a clearer insight into the past." They have succeeded admirably

SHERILYN COX BENNION Humboldt State University, Emeritus Areata, California

Water, Earth, and Sky: The Colorado River Basin

By Michael Collier, et al. (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1999.128 pp $29.95.)

CONTAINING SOME OF THE PLANET'S most dramatic landscapes in 244,000 square miles of the desert Southwest, the Colorado River watershed has always piqued human curiosity.

Beginning with the exploration accounts of Ives, Powell, Stanton, and others, the literary canon "would eventually include a plethora of scientific monographs, a voluminous body of "works on reclamation , and th e contemporar y large-format celebrations of regional aesthetics and environmental politics Very few works have taken an interdisciplinary bioregional approach. Combining a stunning array of aerial photographs from primary author Michael Collier with a series of essays from writers across several disciplines, Water, Earth, and Sky is a book both visually stimulating and intellectually challenging, achieving -what "Foreword" author and conceptual collaborator David Wegener calls "a natural history perspective that would integrate all aspects of the landscape"(9).

Although the book contains essays on geology, geography, biology, ecology, and personal philosophy, the main "text" is composed of Michael Collier's 140 aerial photographs. After a quarter-century of traveling the Colorado and its tributaries, Collier—a family physician, geologist, and author of several books—said, "I wondered wha t th e river and its basin really looke d like"(21) .

Beginning at the glacial sources of the river's main stems, the Green and the Colorado, in the Wind River and Never Summer ranges, this visual narrative traces the watercourses and surrounding physiography through the Rocky Mountains , Colorado Plateau, and Basin and Range, all the way to the Sea of Cortez. In addition to providing a pleasing aesthetic journey, the photos provide a scientific overview of the watershed's physical geography, multiple ecologies, and human context. Basic geomorphic structures, erosional processes, and drainage patterns are poignantly illustrated, while the human presence—reclamation, agriculture, and industry—appears fragile and small in comparison to its actual impact.

Although the six essays offer a variety of perspectives and disciplinary expertise, they are not intended to provide comprehensive coverage but instead an interpretive context for the illustrations Collier's lead essay explains his background in flying, motivation for the project, and personal philosophies Geographer Joh n Schmidt describes the region's unique physical structure and its ability to demonstrat e "th e many stories of the interactions between river and regional geology" (37) Geologist E.D.Andrews focuses on river hydrology, reclamation, and politics, outlining resource limitations, ecological stresses, and social and political irony Aquatic ecologist Richard Valdez outlines the historical diversity of the system's fisheries and the way reclamation has radically altered five millio n years of biologica l development Ecologist Larry Stevens looks at the micro-ecologies that exist -within the greater system, -while writer Ellen Meloy provides an impressionistic sketch of river-runnin g and natural history Despite different subjects, the essays contain a couple of consistent themes Th e Colorado River system has been poorly managed, with a resulting decline in ecosystem integrity Yet, unlike many green thinkers wh o see only loss that leads to rigid political stances, the authors possess a guarded optimism and understanding of how political economies and ecologies are not separate from philosophical idealism

In his 1974 boo k Topophilia, cultural geographer Yi-Fu Tuan described "topophilia" as the "effective bond between people, and a place or setting," a gestalt created in the space between perception and lived experience (4) Battles over water and wilderness in the Colorado Paver Basin have created competing "topophilias" between utilitarian and preservationist camps, the polarization evoking fervent emotional responses, rigid political positioning, and endless litigation Water, Earth, and Sky is a much-needed overview of spatial, aesthetic, ecological, political, and philosophical issues free from narrow disciplinary strictures, one that also possesses a responsible political tenor and provides a potential model for eclectic quasi-scientific documents.

SAM SCHMIEDING Arizona State University

A Guide to the Indian Wars of the West: Over One Hundred Historic Sites in Seventeen States

By John D McDermott (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. xxvi + 205 pp. Paper, $16.95.)

GIVEN THE SCOPE of its subject, A Guide to the Indian Wars of the West is remarkably compact This slender volume is clearly designed to fit into the glove box of an automobile or in an undergraduate's backpack. Its place on the scholar's bookshelf is begrudgingly won, however, by its inventories of battlefields, historic sites, and museums related to the Indian wars (complete with addresses, concise touring directions, hours, and in many cases even phone numbers of interpretive centers). The value of these lists of sites is bolstered by the book's simple arguments that "battlefields are classrooms for understanding" and that "visiting historic sites and museums [is] an important way to acquire an understanding of the Indian wars" (113). Indeed, nothing quite compares to studying history "on location," and McDermott, a retired historian and administrator for the National Park Service, obviously has a keen sense of the worth of such study

The book is neatly divided into two sections, the first reviewing the general context of western Indian wars between 1860 and 1890, the second containing lists by region and state of significant places to visit The book never claims to be a scholarly tome; to the contrary, its stated purpose is to provide "basic knowledge about the Indian wars...and how the interested student or traveler can learn more about them" (xix) Beautifully and insightfully written, the first section makes it clear that McDermott knows certain aspects of his field intimately. His thinking is cogent and relevant as he quickly examines the wars' basic causes in the two cultures' contrasting concepts of land use, expansion, treaty-making, and nationalism An admirable sense of balance is maintained throughout; the point of view of both sides is compassionately explained, and neither is condemned. The heart of the first section consists of four "well-written chapters contrasting the Indians and their U.S. Army opponents on such themes as lifeways, material culture, military organization, and warfare. McDermott, in very little space, takes on the enormous difficulty of generalizing about scores of tribes, each with disparate traditions and lifeways It quickly becomes clear that his knowledge of the Plains Indians far exceeds that of other western cultures In fact, he nearly ignores the latter, a serious defect in a book purporting to provide a balanced overview of Indians and Indian wars throughout the West

A related problem is that McDermott at times lets his love for military trivia entirely overtake his narrative as he displays his great knowledge of the minutest details pertaining to various types of uniforms, boots, hats, gloves, rifles, and pistols used by the U.S. Army. Th e amount of space he gives to this area of his specialized expertise would be commendable—if this book did not almost totally slight th e Indians of the Pacific Coast, th e Southwest, and the Intermountain West. McDermott, for example, gives far more page space to the number of buttons on military uniforms and the Victorian hoopskirts worn by officers' wives than to the Bear River Massacre, which he hardly mentions A quick look at his map of battles or his list of historic sites to visit shows the book's inordinate focus on the Plains Indians. Judging by the map and narrative, most of California and Idaho and all of Utah and Nevada were devoid of Indian wars Lamentably, the 1863 Bear River Massacre, which Brigham Madsen has shown was one of the earliest, largest, and most significant battles in the entire West, did not even make McDermott's map or, for that matter, his list of sites to visit Despite these criticisms, McDermott has produced an admirable, if unbalanced overview of the Indian wars of the West

JOHN A PETERSON Kaysville, Utah

The Federal Landscape: An Economic History of the Twentieth-Century West

By Gerald D. Nash (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1999. xvi + 214 pp. Cloth, 00; Paper, $17.95.)

THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT seems a heavy weight to many westerners, and Utahns, these days Noted western historian Gerald D. Nash, of the University of New Mexico, offers readers an enlightening consideration of the federal presence in the twentieth-century American West. The Federal Landscape focuses, rightly, on the economic impact of the federal government in the West—rightly, because the specter of Washington, D.C , looms powerfully over many western minds The West, correctly or not, likes to picture itself more like an independent commonwealth than a region heavily dependent upon federal monies for its livelihood Likely this perspective has been shaped by westerners' perceptions of themselves as hardy individualists Neither Dr Nash nor this reviewer would contend that such a viewpoint is totally mistaken, but all westerners (and Utahns) ought to acknowledge the hand of the federal government in the region's development

The federal government is largely responsible for the economic character of today's West. Withou t federal monies, the natural resources of the West may well have gone undeveloped Muc h of the economy of the West, with Utah being a good example, is heavily dependen t upo n economi c input from Washington Withou t federal monies, development projects like dams or national parks would seem to be beyond the reach of states like Utah, Wyoming, or Idaho In Utah, Professor Nash notes the role of the aerospace industry The "largest" government contractor in the state in 1965, for example, was Thiokol Corporation, which brought "at least fifty thousand new jobs" to Utah (95) However, writes the author , "I n Uta h federal mone y came primaril y through government installations"—hence the recent fights in Congress to save Hill Air Force Base

Two other areas of weighty economic importance to Utah that Professor Nash addresses are dams and tourism The state's residents should readily acknowledge the importance of each to Utah's economic interests Still, even knowing this, the Interior Department and the Bureau of Reclamation are often seen as unwanted intruders in Utah Yet dams and their adjacent reservoirs, like Glen Canyon, and the many national parks and monuments in Utah, like Zion and Bryce Canyon and even the reputedly nefarious Grand Staircase—Escalante National Monument all help to funnel tourist dollars into Utah. "In the controversy over the Grand Staircase—Escalante National Monument," writes Nash, "ranchers were angered by the withdrawal of lands they had hoped to buy from the federal government" (73). Economics once again. It seems that, at least to ranchers, there is no economic value in a national monument.

"In 2000," Nash concludes, "the West entered the new century as a federal landscape" (161) In the nineteenth century the West was marked by individuals interacting with the environment, yet in the twentieth century it was, to a considerable extent, an interaction with the federal government. Those interested in this relationship will profit from reading The Federal Landscape.

M GUY BISHOP Woods Cross, Utah