Utah Statewide Archaeological Society Newsletter, Volume 6, Number 2, June 1960

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rcll.eo/o" A Newsletter

ST/\TE H!STO:<IC,\L &c E-\ ~~T SOUTH TEMf:~ §iALT LA KE CITY, UTAfl .

UT/\H

Vol. 6, No.2

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PETROGLYPH NE.LR TLLUS RUIN, GLEN CarrON, UTAH

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UTAH ARCHAEOLOGY is published quarterly by the UTAH STATEWIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Subscription is included in membership. Membership in the ,society is available from the secretary-treasurer at $2.00 per year. Correspondence concerning me activities of the society should be directed to the president. All manuscripts and news items should be sent to the editor: Lloyd Pierson, Arches National Monument, Moab, Utwh.

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UTAH STATEWIDE ARC}!AEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pres~dent:

Merrill Peterson, 651 Canyon'Road, Logan, utah.

V1cePresident: John L. Crbss, 860 South 10th East, Orem, utah.

Secretary Treasurer: Marian Pierson, Box 98, Moab, Utah.

Advisor: Dr. Jesse D. 'J ennings, Universit:y- of utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

EDITORS NOTES Some 40 members turned out for the first biennial meeting of the Utah Statewide Archaeological Society held at the ~thropology Department of the University of Utah. The past o..fficers were reelected and John i. Cross of Orem was elected as Vice President.

Mr. Cross is the Assistant Scout Executive, Utah National Parks Counc~, Boy Scouts of America and a worthy addition to our roster of officers~ I feel that this first meeting was a fine .success and this seems to be the view held by all those who attended the meeting, heard the eight papers which were given, and attended the congenial luncheon in the Student Union, Building. Particular thanks are due to the arrangement committee, Miss Dee Ann Suhm and Mr. David Pendergast of the University ' of Utah; Mssrs. Kent ,L. Brady ,and Calvin P. Gaddis of Salt Lake City. .

James H. Gunnerson was given a token of our esteem by being made an honorary lifeti!'le member for his past effqrts, in fo ~9.ine; th~, ~ocie.ty., Several of the -papers given at ' the meeting will appear in the Newsletter.

Reports' were heard from the three lo~al chapters of the society.

The Ogden Chapter' is still in the process of organization under the leadership of Mr. and Mrs. F.K. Hassel, 906 Rancho, Ogden. ' The Moab Chapter has recently been combined with a rock group and renamed, Points and Pebbles, with Les Erbes, Presiqent; Jack West, Vice President; and Mrs. Elsie MU6sleman, Secretar,y Treasurer. The ,Cache Chapter is called the Cache Geological and J..rchaeological Society with Lester Lowe, Franklin, Idaho, as President; Roy Sorenson, Preston, Idaho, Vice President; and Wayne Geary, 332 No. 2nd East, Logan, Utah as Secretary.

At the University of Utah, Dr. Jennings will give up the head of the Department of Anthropology and Dr. Charles E. Dibble will assume that position. Dr. Jennings will be on leave teaching at Northwestern this fall. Dee ~"'...."l Sur.m, W}lO has headed the Glen Carj~ron Salvage Archaeology Project Laboratory, w~l leave this month to become Curator of Anthropology at the Texas Memorial Museum.

David M. Pendergast succeeds James Gunnerson as Curator of the Museum of Anthropology. William D. Lipe, archaeologist on the Glen Canyon Project, will meave at the end of this summer to return to Yale.

He will be replaced by Floyd Sharrock.

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This summer the University of Utah will again carry on excavations in the Glen Canyon area. William Lipe will head a party excavating in Lake and Moqui Canyons on the left bank of the Colorado River.

This vall be a back pack expedition. The group will hike from the base camps at the canyon heads down into the canyons for the excavation of the various ruins found in them. , Dr. Robert Lister, of the University of Colorado, will head anothe,r group which will excavate for the Glen Canyon Project in the vicinity of the triangle formed by the Colorado and San Juan Rivers. ' The ' UniVersity of California, Los Angeles, will again h.Pld a field school in archa:eol~gy this sunnner i~ ' ~outhwestern Utah. , The group 'to1ill be based at' 't he College of s'9uth¢rn Utah in C~d~~: Pity. ,' .

Excav~tions'; '~~ill be dah·ied on a~, ,sit,~~ ' near Summit. a,nc::i,' Paragonah ',' from June 20: to July: ~9~ ' "If you ' are ' in the vicinity of Cedar City this S\D1llTler you might , , 9.h.e~k ~ o see i f the excava1;. J«?n.~ _ al?e opeR ·:!;.o visitors.> Most , archae'9logi'S'f,s are congenial to . yi~~tors i f ,:they ask first and 'then milia I th'Ehi: I'digtb manners which '!TISanS not cliJJiQ~ ing do~m into the ' excavatl.ons, not handling any of the material unless invited to, and not walking on walls or so close to the excavations that one caves the bank in.-, At Natural Bridges Na:tional ~om.iment, :P~iliP ~ob1:~r.j a graduate student from the Un~v~~sity of Arizona, Will ,be ~ngaged in an ' archaeological', "SUrvey of ,tl1e ,niom;rrn,e nt. '" " :.

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Another item of ': rhtere'kt tomemberi USAS is the' anpual Pe'co's Conference of Southwestern Archaeology. This year it will be held in Flagstaff, Arizona at the ~useum of Northern Arizona on August 26 ,and '2,7 . " fi:~ld tr;!.p ;'tp': Gle,n Canyon is ' I?~heduled for Aug. 28. This ~ i,~ : !-:hEl . y'e!7;rly~, g,e~ '.~o,g,ether of professional and amateur archaeol~gists wh~re tne ' suwm~rs findings and various ' . "e 1"" problems are' discus~ed" ana:,'p:re$l?nted, and where old Cl1ld new contacts among those iriterested iri.' Southwestern archaeology are made. You would 'enjoy Flagstaff (its cool), the Museum of Northern Arizona, and the meetings.

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New Publications:' William Y~ and Nettie K. Adams, 90 Years of Glen Canyon Archaeology,o Museum of N9rthe~n Arizona, Glen Canyon Series No.2, 1960. 'A histo~ of the: archaeologipal research. , 1958 Excavations, Glen Canyon AJ'ea, by' William 'b~' Lipe. University of Utah Anthropological Pap~rs No. 44 (1960), 241 pp. 70 figs., paper bound, $3.50? Excavations . ~ the lower part .9f the reservoir : area and at the mouth of R 'eci C~yon ) hear Hite. A- wide time span ', . and much interesting dry cave material. " The Hubbard Site and Other Tri-w91l structures in New Mexico and Colorado, qy R. Gordon Vivian. National Park Service Archaeolo~ical Research Series No.5, Government Printing Office, Washington, (1959), 92 pp., 64 figs., paper bound, $1.00. structures from the Four Corners area of Pueblo origin. A little ,kno~!,type of building.

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1.160 of intere.st to members of USAS is American Antiquity, the quarterly publication of the Society for American Archaeology.

The magaztne is included in the yearly membership dues of $8.00, and members~~p':'is open 'to '~anybne inte~ested' in \~rchJ;l.eoJ.<lgy. '"frI,"" Write to the jS ecretary, Dbo, Joe Ben Wheat, Unive:r~i~y ~£" Colo;r'ado, Boulder, Cqt,orado : for ' d.etails. This is the natd.,Q~·::;w,ide ' ~oc.ie·ty for profe_Sls(ion.~s .p.nd amateurs. American 1--ntiqu:i;ty· cq:l)l.tains ·articles . on the a:rdha:~{01.9~ df ·b'qth Americas and ·from' all,. angl:Ells,. Occasional memo ir~ ' ,a~,e. ~'en'1{ ou t 'b:f:;o' members gratis . For t 1:e. late:;t 1 ha:ppenil,1gs i.;' in arch~~61pgy .i n o'tner p~ts of the -Americas this is .:~a· must for. all concerh'ed with archaeologY', " e ·s p:e cially. .;the s~r.ious: ?-mateur. . i:" ~r: . ·. !""tf' l . . ' .1 ~ '1:./"( Next. 1,l?SJl.~ we would. I ike :j:.o tell you of some of the archaeological ' .' societi~~__ pur neighborfrig state's and the. publ:iJqart~:Qn~, t.l:l~ :' -T"""'!I~-- .

Pl;t(~(Q1llt). ' ~ iM:~y':,~dJr1~:h~ Iiia't,leW an.q o1?'!fJlliVe1iggl;~b.~~M~ ;l.i"er~r<~ .... rf:,Yf.~~~~~~.'.

Utah toP. JO'iJ.' 3'H~ 'm·o·l ·· '3':')~ij:}.u'd8 ~00.df:! t brwo.c.r . ';rl)ql:;'C~ ';f~~lCI J~ (... get '~' . : " ' j' " ,.... j .f.·i· '.

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L ~ • ~.. . " .' f .~ " '" :-:, ' ;' This is~)ies 'petrdglypli ~1.s ·.from ·the Talus Ruin in .Glen . . ,CanJ1lon, ., .; '~""'" excavated iri.195B by ' \I\TUI'iam D. Lipe and crew. The original . is, . ':: four fe~t ltiigh and ·i :Lncised. in ; the ~ru%'1ndstone Icl:i:'ff face.:' ::-';:: j";;.i..

Do you' h~~e ~':~ravd~i't~ pidtogr~ph1 i! If ' so, send ij; })tQ' YO·\lr;":. :' ;:J: ~ ': : ', editor (an : ~c6ura~e sketch ' It.klT·ca.6~' .l f6r PQssible . use ;on :the iI'lr, ."::'.: cover. Indicate 'size, location,~~ cd~ot' and any,'.other intormat:.i.~lJl · • I>: ' you deem important.

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~he first :~!t·icle··.i!.i.':hi'S ' n~~i3t' ;il?~ b~M~ss 'Dee Ann "Suhp,\ ', w~9 j,~~ .

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known to many of" 'you through your "~Sl.ts to the c;t~.en':~Q~YQPt ,I': ..•.. : ..~ . , Salvage Archaeology Laboratory at, the (,University of .U'!i.§ll1. : ',,-, r.., .. ' Needless to say, Dee Ann probably knows more about the scientific handling and ca:taI.9guiilg of a-r:chaeologicalmateria:;L ~Aan any ri one else in, ut~~, ·s~ ~~6se' ~~yo~~ho have or are . ~~~g. cP'~I~~FiQ~~ can lear71 ' m~~~ ~'~~Ol~. ,he~' [{l'cia. 1v:ri~.iings • . ' . , "1:'. ,.;:j .;:~I '''-i '.: h . '~

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The second a't-t:f''c1E{ ·i~; ·'bY",ou.:f. l'l.ew ·V ice President; J aIm .L. Cross. ~ c • In : ~ ~ ..h~., ~e:p!~: ~of i$<:!in~':0:t ~t~e .ma:terial fQ: un~ at,. tJ1e· iP!PF. v$;~p.~:t;. '.: /,,' .: ~,:(; Camp l.r, :Payson Ccil1yon·; CamP' Ma]5!1.fe ,Del·l .. T:h~s one of . ;t,h~ fP~.J).~s ,'" .__ , : II,~:;; preser'it'e d ~t';i-be biennial Ifle'e!'ting' of the<USAS ,-and the ~,Q~,igin.aI, besid~ !':15'eing . very t rel1. do'ns'; was accompanied by .some ,.f.~~"'~ ...;:. i,v::~' kodachrome slides of the area and artifacts found.

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CATALOGUING ARCHEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

By Dee Arm Suhm Catalogues, because ,they perman~nt+y , ~ecordthe location of ," archeolo.g~cal fin4s, greatiy ,enhance' the .~cl.entifl.c varue of a: '~,'<:~;' collection~ ' They "are so necessary . ~'\1~t ail museums and othe.r '. " j',' . instituti6hS conci:rried wtth--the' sc,i'~:tific (i.e. carefully ' c~mtroile_q) .'1;: collecting of archeological spee;iin~ns...maintain extensive catalogues. :~- --'I~) It is eQ],ually as important for a.lJlat(3Wr arphaeologists to catalogue )' their collections. Without proven~ence specime~s are of little scientific value. It is most unwise to trust such significant information to memory, or merely to la'h;~l, bags and boxes of objects,_i" Bags break reas ily and, moreover, illllabelled specimens from various bags or boxes can eas;ily ,be mi.xed_ .

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Although there are a vari~ty o;t;:. .ways to catalogue specimens, the . _ minimum amount, of information' that should appear on each o'l)ject is, ' ,, _ a site~!4~,s1:gri~~ion and, ~ :W~,der qertain ci-rcum~~ances, a des;Lgnation referring ,t o a, !?p~ c;i,f~~ loc;i!.,e.. within the site (i.e., the, intras_ite provenience) ~ ..'Th~·~~e~ ;d~sigz;ii3rtl.ons are in -t4P1 keyed, to 'site~ ·recor.ds . f; and to lists r; or' c'at~o~ues ,.. ,. Thus, fo,r ~ainple , trie. statewide :. -:1~ .

Archaeologic4 ,S urvey, at the, ,Un.i versity of utah usel:!' state, GOunty~ and numerical abbreviations for site designations. The Coombs site, briefly des cribed by Richard Ambler'in a recent issue of the newsletter c.:Vpl ~ 5, No •.. ,3:, pp •..4-J.+ ) , appears in the Utah Statewide, Archaeological Sui-vey rilee; 'a s 42Ga34. The pr~£ix - 42', stands forUtah, the G;:l' ;f,Qr: Garfield, County, and the 34 for theCoombs site -the 34th si te' f'i:)~a, in Gar:fi~+-d County. E~J1 specimen found at the Coombs s~~~ ,~§',/~ <l:~~ll~ d m;th t.h,i~ numb~r, whicp is, iIi. effect; e: ' code t:t:'sm--P.;J,~,:~~ ~ bY]::,~,efe:rence,' ~5i" th9;',i~ i te records, maps and catalogue sheets· ··· t '.. ', -..:" ......~. *1. . ·.. i· ' t;.: . ,'.:l; L

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For a scientific study of specimens, especially thos~ excavated, it is also ~wportant tp.' ~~~i more specific~~y where objects, were f~und wi thin t1W:' '8 ite -- .;tqe ..;ultrJ~s,itE( si te p~yenience. . W~~ a. poiI?:~,~ ' , " I for instance, ·from th~ ,~urface or buried l2 inches ,p elow the surface.;Such informatiotl ~M. lead t.p, significant chr<~mologic-aJ... 'and cul t 'Upal interpretation:s~ .. ,' The' depth, of an object below the sUrface is '.,: often an important factor. '~in establishing its age ;~~J,.~:ttve to th~ -"i:,;" age of other specin;ens. In addition, a certain po!tion ,ot_the" s ~~,~, . .' ;., " as for example, :t?,he .north end, may contain remains .plqe.r tl1~ :bb;4~~..;, " 'J "" ~ , from other parts of the site. Finally, groups of objects a-sso%.!,~ .. , ,'." iated with ~ne !~other may p:ovide important clues to ~.uch P~ tur,cH- ,:,, _. ,;: ' interpretai;.J.ons as ,the, functlons or uses of th~ objee:ts,. ,For thes!3; " ', , "_, ' ' r" " reasons, quite specific horizontal and vertic~ con?r0f.~ . are : .~', .i, ; ;:.; necessary. This mepns then that each ~bject or groupp ()i' :QPJ~ct~i.:·j ; . r." " found together~ ,( i.e.• ,q.~_s<?ci,at-ed) must bear sp~~ lab~l: ~~cf1.t. by: : .,;-:;' .... ~ :~, checking a cat.~.R~~e" ~~~~s , ~h.e, archae,ologist ~xactly. wh.ere ~,he ' 1" .:. specimen was f.9tm.a with:i,..n. the site. Such data ar.~, far mor~ ;'r important for an excavated specimen than, for one from ,th~iurface because the exact intrasite location of the latter is ve~ likely due to accident, such as erosion, rather than cultural events. . ' I '.

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Again, to .idraw from the Statew:1..4e Survey, the specific location of an excavated specimen is recorded in a catalogue and a corresponding fieI.d specimen (FS) number is v7ritten 0n the specimen and in the catalogue. FS 203 may, for instance, refer to objects found on the floor of House No. 10 Only .the site number and FS 203: . : < need to be written on the object, since these m,unbers, when ii' " consulted in the catalogue, reveal complete provenience ~ta.

The St~tewide survey syste~, briefly described above, is only one of a nUmber of ways to catalogue spec;i.mens. It is a fairly complex system because of the vast number of sites and objects which the survey. deals with in the course of its operations. For less ambitious uz:tdertakings a simpler method, but, nonetheless, one which embodies the principles of the Statewide survey system, should be used.. The important point is that. a useful and consistent system be used. In brief, the system recommended should have 1) a label unique to e2.ch site and 2) ,for eKcavated objects, a second designation which indicates intrasite proveniences'. TheJte · is no short cut to a catalogue system, nor, ' can its importance be overemphasizedo

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One of the simpliest, and yet quitee'ffective, site designations is that .which assigns a number to each site as it is found • . ; . .

J,. dditiC!n:~ly:, this number can be prefixed with the investigator's initials •. Thus John Smith's labels would appear as follows: JS 1, JS 2, JS 3, . etc •. Each specimen from' a single site should bear the designation assigned to that site.' Site numbers 1 are 'quite meaning.. less if they· do not appear on each object and all records, maps ~d photographs pertaining to that· sitee, ,

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If a site is excavatecl-l!- each specimen should contain an additional labeL Anumerical designation which immediately follows the site label i s suggested. ' Thus a specimen or group of specimens from John Smith ' .s site ' # 2, l evel 0 to 6 inches below the s urface, in trench #3 ( s quare, . pi t , house, et c.) is labelled as JS 2-1. ' , Objects from other specifJc localities within the site are labelled as JS 2-2" JS 2-3, 2nd so forth. The provenience data, with a corresponding number, should be entered in a catalogue, such as the one shown in figure J. The catalogue itself can be loose sheets of paper bound into some type .. oJ notebook or a Simple composition book modified as in .fi-gure ..1. If a composition book is used, it is recommended that each site have . its own book to facilitate entries which may be added to the collection at a later date. Lists of catalogue numbers are not necessary for survey, or surface.,. collections, for no suffix need follow the site label ~ The . necessary information should be contamed on . ... .. ; site survey sh~ets .a nd maps locating sites. f '

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It must be · emphasized that digging improperly done will destroy the scientific value of a 8i te, that is is a costly undertaking, and :· that permission should always be obtained from the landowner.

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Once a 5i te has been located and surface collection ma'de, a number should be ' assigned and a site survey form, similar to that suggested in Vol. 2, Noo 3, p. 16 of the Newsletter, should be completed.

Any photographs taken of the si.te s~p.jlld als? .bea:rt,the 'apPrppriate si~~~~2~~ ~--1he · &tte ' shoul~ :be located .on at lea~ one ~p.

Rd.commended\ maps ar$: . . .. , 1) UoSJ Geological Survey quadrangle sheets, which can be , obtained for portions, but not all of the state, from the U.S . Ged~ogical Survey, Map Distribution Center, Denver i Federal penter, \Denver 2, Colorado. These maps are i particul~rly goo~ for their phys,i9graphi<:::.detaii. .. " :\. 2L_,G9JlUtY.: ,highw~y 'lifa}:)s, obtainable from ~he Utah State Road 1 eommissi~n, 525 West 13th South, Salt Lake City, utah.

These ! maps lacle the detail of the quadrangl'e sheets, but are \ ava¥abl~ f9,i ' all counties iri Utah o' 1: 1

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In ~ddition ~o these maps, it is helpful to make a sketch map indic~tinG ac'c e5s to tqe 5i te and loqa:ting . :va.rious ·~~atures in , the site_o. Any such map should be suff~ciently deta;\ ed and accurate enough to enable a stranger to locate ~he site~ , The 1basic survey records, in summary, are the si te surv~y forms, .maps" , phot·o - . graphs and specimens. .Hl can b.e linleed, to a single isite qnly by meanb of the site designation and, . hende, it is necessary that , i I " each bear the site number. : . " ' l •

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·disc,!ssed, the · r?tionale" behind the catalogues C!Jld brie:Q.y . outlt ed the methods f or dealing ·with survey and excavated . collections, tl').e remainder of the article will be devoted tq .: specific ways objects can be prooessed" '. i ; ' I

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When making a collection, whether from the surfa'c e or from :, excav~tion, it is desirable to put the specimens! in strong paper or cloth bags ui;lich contain a mantla tag labelled with j ~he s ,i te\ numbe~ and provenience da'Ga.o In addit.iOll ' the outside ;pf the bag should1 be similarly labelled. Ch;ra ijlarlf ing pencils o~i fel t:': 1 tippedt pens (such as IIMarks-L-Lot ll \, manufactured :Qy the;~ Cart~r .

Ink Co ~ ) are beSft for wtrLting' on t flgs l an~ , bags. ,T hese pens are waterproof; ine. ensive ~nd ~nandy to useol _The collecting of objects and plac' :1g th ;n\ in marked bags cfu be ' co:p,sidered . as the ne c\e s s ary p1req~~~:t.:~- ,~~ process ing 0a-tfJ:ogUiq~.

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The first~t;p- i~ ' proces~ing is the wash~g or Cl~aning of , specimense Ohly ~durable objects, such as ithose o~ stone, fired ; clay and bone, sliould be 'w ashed. Hm-rever" even d~al:i.l.e specimens containing or pai~ ' ted iolitfl a fugitive pigment shou{Ld notibe wash~d.

In Ttlash~g object a smali brush with fairly stiff\ :b rist :es and I soapy walter lvill ·· 'eld th$ best results o More pert~habll itemS, '\ such as pharcoal, iplapt remains, animal hi4es, woo4 and ~he like, . must notl be ,,;ashed. : They Ican, however, often be c]eaned 'by care- ', ful bru~+ing. I~ ~is :espeqially important that theJ~:eeC~rri~n~t. ,_ - ~, when b~~1fg cleaneq are _n~~_~ep.?-r,ated\ from a 'site--Iaoel or proven1.enc.e.-.da ta''''- ' . -Page

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After the specimens ~ have ~i been cleaned the second ,~step in catalog~j,ng, the actual labelling of ,specimens and, in the case of excavated ' materialS ', making of entries inithe catelpgue book, should begin.',, " ) Materials needed for labelling, a.re ,simpi e ffi d inexpensive, They include black India ink, pen staff;'pelFPoints, clear lacquer, white industrial lacquer and small. tags that can he tied to specimens. ::;-.

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The site and catalogue numbers ,' (~an,be :w rit,ten ill India ink directly on many objects, expecially: those of :ston~·" .. bone and fire clay.

After the ink has dried a thin solution of clear l~cquer ( or acetone and alvaI') should be applied 'over the number. The lacquer coating over the number prevents smearing or :.removl;U likely to result from handling of objects , H.owever, it is not necessary to lacquer numbers on pottery because,':itabsorbs the ink. The catalogu~ , number should, of course", always be legible. In addition, it should be placed in a convenient, yet unobtrusive" part o~ the object.' A handsome specimen ,can be badly marred by: ·bo;Ld. and slopp:r ~Labelling. ' .~, 0

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Before 'writing on any :dark specimen theY"~:ho~~)J~rv:e~small wea painted 1'1ith white lacquer so that the ':Qa:b}llogue .numb.erstands! out and can easily be read. Industrial lacquer is recommended because it dries quickly and is,mot- l.ik~ly,p to peel • . ' .OAl¥l;ladque~ ;.; thinner should be used for diluting 'both.::cle.a r and ,,;w~·ite : l9;gq~EH"~": After the ioJhite paint has' "dried the' · ~abel ~,can be wri.t~ep .·.9,R,,;tp.e . h, specimen in India ink. Any object which "l)~s been p.a~t~d.:w:irth "' white lacquer: and lapelled with India, i~ 9hQi.ldnot (~be .; <¥oat,ed wi thclear lacquer,~ The 'whi te lacquer forms :~ good ",'s urface and smearing will not OCCUt'';' 'r .... ;. co ····,"', ..:. ' : ',

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Perishable items, such as corn cobs, basketry and cordage, are often difficult to label. In some cases, the catalogue number can be written directly on the specimen g Other times, a small area can be coated with clear or white lacquer to provide a good 101r.itin.g, :.¢.:urfati~.~ _.~ Man perishable, ·howeve~,.:can not be ,written on at all. The majority of,. these. can. be, catalogued by writing the number on a small white tag which in turn is tied securely to the specimen Some 0 bj eets, such as seeds will simply be impossible to lcibel oJl"tag:, :'I'hes3'''can ;oruYJbe ·,placed in a small container, prefer?-~1.Y a::bo~ t"lo or::a·'plastic',·viat,::·with a tag containing the catalogue number :' . LiI{'ew:lse· cna:r:Go.al ts difficult to label. It should, especially in view of its potential value in Carbon-14 dating be wrapped in aluminum foil and placed, toget~er witb an ici.e~if.if:Y'j,ngfTabel, in ;an-a ir tight':lrj.alt.j;.J:n! fact, it · ~hould be pla6'eC1:+i:Ln tho foil and . Jar "immediatel:y::-::up:on-exca:v~:f;ion: . to prevent any contamination, Hany perishables may be quite - fragile and . require special treatment in order to preserve them. Techniques of preservation are beyond the scope 'ol'-"tflis paper; however, the read.er is referred. to Chapter XIII in Heizer'S recently revised A Guide to /\rchaeological Field Methods.

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" As indicated above, entries int.o a catalogue book are necessary only vrhe."1 materials have been excav~ted. The provenience data are far t oo ,complex to commit to memo'r y. -Entries are made in the book as s oon as ea ch specimen or group of specimens is labelled. The description of :the object shoUld ' be brief, but when there are more th?!l one they should be itemized. ' . The provenience given depends largely upon the system used in excaya,t ion. Remarks are simply any revela:nt comment on a particular J,.ot 9'f. specimens • . These . . . inelud'e' ;s uch -things ' as . remarks on asso~i-ationa:nd special circum~ ,stiances of the f:ind o - .' . .. ..

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The fin al step in processing is, the ,storage ,of the materi81s~ Properly storea objects must be ~ree of damage from the weather and from iris 69t$ ~ Air, tigl:J.t- plastic bags are especially good 'f<;>r the storage of i)erishabl?s :~ . Objects of bone, stone, and fired clay ar e not subject to deterioration or insect damage and may s imply be placed in convenient sized boxes. It is advisable store a collection from one site together. Certainly accessibility is an important factor in storage, but depends to a considerable extent upon the facilities avaiJ,.able. At a minimum, the outside of all box~s shoUld be labelled. .

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steps"~' cataloguing collections are as " , . folJ. ows :: '1-)' wash~_{ o'r cle,i:in;i.ng, 2) markin g the specimens 'With the cat'alqgue nuiribe'r arid, in the case of excavated materials, Tlal-:::ing entries in'to 'a catalogue book, and 3) storing objects.

CatalogUil1g 'is not complicated, iuthough it is Joften ' tedious and t ime cdnSuming~ Yet this tedious detail is a scientific necessitYJ: for once an' .object has been collected, the provenience will be lost if not in some way affixed to the object itself. ]3"IJ wny of summa,ry,. the

'References Anonymous

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1956 Ambler,

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University of Utah Site Survey Form.

A Newsletter, ~ voi. 2, No.3, p. 16.

Richard '

I

utah Archaeology:

,

1959 " . ; ;A Prelfmiriary' Note on 1959 Excavations at the Coombs , "Site, Boulder, Utah. utah J._rchaeology: A Newsletter, ,I" " Vol. 5, No.3, pp .. 4-11. ;~\!

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Heizer, Robert F ~ ( editor) 1958 A Guide to Archaeological Field Methods. .'

Press, pa:t.P~ jJ. to, CalifQrniao " J

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CaYnp_,Haple Dell is loc-~ted ' ip., pqson Cuwen. j'W't 6 MUes ,SO\!th at Pa:rBon~ , in' the, fjouthern part ,~t Utah Ceunty. It'rid' !'be ',,:,

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permanent, year ' round ~amp~1,te:"f.br Bt?t..:~eoutcs of the Utah Natio~ d Parks COlln~U, Boy Soouts of Amei'ioa, 'prOViding epponUJU,t1ea tor Crowth'in Soouting uldl.ls, pbJ.e1oal f1tnes8 end eoneePMtton. ta aGme ·2,SOO boys annually. I' ~he G.~p'1.ng . a,l,'eM within Maple DoU~eke tl\eir namelS from well knpwn :ln~@ trj,l?,e~ .. and whether a. boy live. in the Blackfoot, Ute,. N,a"!.~jo, Apa~he, Che~kee 01' S1ewc 08lYlP,t he , 1~ ~onstahtly reminded. .ot his her1t~e :1J\ Junerioa tl'~ the Redman \'.", as well as from the pUgl1.m and the pioneer, ' . :,'.

'LMaple Dell is situated in ,\he l;>~ttem and along the w~t 9lepe ·c,t Payson CarlYon. The c~n 'is broad and relattvely straight in ' the viCinity of the oamP but ~ steep walls througbout its 1.~ South of the oamp, upstr~~ in ~.ayson CaPYon. the area levels out and seolteral small lakes and reservoirs have cleVel.oped betwe~ the main .mountain masses .11 (Rigb,y, J ~ X.., Reeks ~6 Scenery ot Camp Maple Dell) " " ' .: ' . , pa;yson q,anyo~' hu. pl,q~d an impor:tan~ ~t in. the 11ves an~ '!A!48 of the Indian, partioularly the Uinte.h Bal\d ot utes, prier' 'be' mel dari~ ' th~ early ",~ent of the white man :into ~t is ~ow ut~ County. The canyon served as a l'Qute between 'the , wiliter huntizlg and c~1ng g~ounds to the nOl"th and west .t ,,*,~ . present town sl~ :,~ fit Payson and the summer hunting and e~w &.~un~ u.und the .. present 911;e of Indianola and farthel" ea:Jii . into' the U1ntah Mnnt-ina · by a trail. up Payson CantOn (the Peteetneet tx-sU) to the b1g switch 'ba~ and ov~r. what is called Cook' 8 o~.tf 1nto the Indi~aarea~ ,

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'~ever~ sites on the Paysenend of the traU that would consideration here. One of tt!ose '-S loc~ted on. the"l\Orth branc~, ot Pet~etneet Creek after it di~ded and is loCate~ .in the general are&: what is now 3d East an~ ab9ut · ~, North in' p. .~ One J.A;:f.e lQP8, resident of P~son, Georgtl stahel,i", now :in hie SlJ,t year, ~ whQse ' father's hol,18e was loo.a~d about i mUe south et the.c.Inq.t·~ :;c~", tells ot .the Indian l s o~1ng the~·· trequent17 during the warmer months. He also recalls as Q bot; the older lollra talk about the chiefs Santaquin and Walker. Acoo1'd1ng to his .~ the c~n trail ~aa not used by the Indiaps after about 189\ rThere

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Another site of interest is located in what was lmown as the "North Fields'.I. Actually'. 'about ··two...milesnor.th .and. abog.t ',~ h~ '~ a.m.~ d~s·tance west,. : o·~ ,.Fayson. Surface finds have 'b een . and continue to be fairly eommd1f·...~,i-~l:'e on what later became the J acob Schare farm were t~~ :eral. mounds i-ihieh, when the land w~s "leyeled,.: yi~lded m:llllerous artifadt6 of all descriptions and included several burials. From one of these" the aforementioned Payson resident tells of obtaining a skull" when he w~Ef aQ'qut t wel ve·'Years of~ge.,. whi,.ch' ,he , tqoK: hoT(l8 . 9ut ·a f,_ter' ~lq,o:\(·iP.g, at it : and cOhsiq,ering what it rep=r.es,ent.ed to ' his · 111in4,,: ;l1E3 tQok , it ouj;,·1~. and ~eburied it.; ., ,. . . .. :,.~. , " : ',\' '.'~::-,:::: .

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'and along the llilly ,'proplontory to what i s >now~Aihe · r,es9.~ ' · area ; '6£ Lincoln, Beach 011 the .. s0ut,h shore ',ar ea, of Uf .ah , L alc~: 'ar~ ~;~~v~.:r.~, cave$ ·frem the ·v:i,cinity of·wl1ich has .com~ ;nume:r,ous ::~rt,i.£a~t~, AI.EI,';su,rf~~e finds by,local c'Q llectors i,formany:, year3 qTheSe s~~es " .WE}~e " evidently.: , used during seasons o~ 'water fowl~ migr>ationas·hunt:Lng ' ca.'1lpS and : '. ." possibly during the winter months as :re p:i.,:1ence .qamps :py. -the. h~stol1:..c " Indian These 'last two sites might also have served prehistoric ' . ' . tribeff 'as':w~ll; . . . . .::. "" .~ ' , .....; . . . '. : '. : . ~;i\:': 0

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Wh:ile ; in ,~es, . these 's evera1;.:-si1,? es:!are . r.emQ~ed ·:f:'r.om ,Mapl,e ..~elj~" .:". ~~.,\ their posittons ~ong : :t~he Peteetr'/~.et· .'rr.a:i.l a,pd the " aJ;'~Jt.:cta ~ .. .'. -, ','., -, recovered from . them,::in 'addition ,to .the s.tori~ s ·1t.91!.:~ qf H!e:i,~ ,~eJ; ~. .'i: may shed some light on the eX,act. 'llse j;, 0 whi.ch, ·;;t he .MapJ,.~, Dell ' s~te . -;', was put by the Indians. It is also probable that ' r ecovery (if :.~ ...' .(r::(,~. additional artifacts will help to complete t he over all picture. "' ;"\',

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Peteetneet, as the C(a.ny6~ · stream W~I?' ;J<.<nowp by. th~ Ute, · :w~~.. ~bund~ ).,., wi th fish: and along i t 'e, banl<:~ grew, mq~Y' v:a:r-i \3:\iies ·o:(",ber;ries . and ·, :' . '.. edible . plan,ts. - ,The m0untains and mo~tain , v.911 eys, aoo'undea :'tvith' .. ~ .. wild: game. J.. ll o.f. . which were. impor~a:n:,,·,.-to ..t l'.;e' su~ t~nance ' of; ,·the ,. ' w~qer.il'ig - tr;Lbes. . £.:. " - . ~ . :.';-' ., I

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Along the·. length of tlier: :cranyon '9-nd nearl;>y Peteetneet Greek ~ ·a,r.e·· " . 'J,' several. s i te,s th~t , af,fq-rded a go.o d c.~p:i:ng ,drqund for. ":the.,~IPi:P.~ .•, " ,~ One of·;these a large, flat, open area is located about .3.,€> mile1i1'( up ' ._ canyon from Highway 91. This areais still ref erred to as t"Walker Flatnj,:,;b aving derived its name', from ,the famed chiefwhol" according' ," to IO~$ : hi~torian~ Dr" "Le'D. :Pfo;1;rtisar'l.d G9.0rgeS-yaheli/ :and ,s:t9ry";"·.~,'; :." tellers, ac;erns d.::t0 . p'refer :· th~s ':c,aroping site while 'he, 'Wa,$ ·in ·this :;' ' .~, .::. terr~~'o.ry. j' '1.t ~ !l1s ,aJ.so 's ai c'j. that one of the .t:inqlbattl es , between ~, ~ : :: the Iil.9:Lan6 and white settl ers of thi.s a:~S9- Wa.s f~"lght i):1 Walker '. '.;; ' Fl at wi t.h ',Cl: " group' .'of 'renegades ree:p'onsibJ.e for .'ti-4e¥eryand .·gene~u, , ' ~l"\.Jloym ces ~ to . ·t ne wp-t-tea~: . .~ ~.~ ~ . . . . .As~4e from one : or~ :twoverbal·reports ",from; indi vidulUs',who . It know . ,, ' ,' some on,' Who fomid ,an arrowhead, 'on t~1e flat)L j there ,seems" to be ,' ;' " ) little now available in the way of 2.rt: fa cts ~'ecovered, at least in recent years, f:i.~om this siteo ~::.e fla'~ has been farmed and under cultivation for approximately the past t 'h irty-five years • I.

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A second site up c8.nyon a.11d the one with which vIe are primarily concerned is located about 6 miles from Highway 91, and is the Boy Scout Camp, ~apl~ Dell. This area seems to have been favored by the ,Jndi1ans he6,~u'st? of several meadows through which meandered small stre~~s : fed by' springs and seep~ prQvfud~ng fresh water, cover off the traU "an,d a fo od supplyo Also ' Io dat~d within, this site was one small"p'ohd 't hat held water year rou±jd and has since been developed into a four acre boating lru(e, and sev~r,al more ponds holding sufficient water through the spring season and into " .. the summer to maintain.,_a growth of willow, cattail, bullrushand similar types of vegetation •• '.t'l1ese waters provided, and ' still do during moist seasons, a breeding place for several species of duck , .. and other '!ITaterfowlo It would appear tha'4 even more variation :in wildlife must have existed when the site was more primitive than'" it is riowo "

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In such surroundings, the Indian undr. ...~Jtedly spent co:r.siderable tbte or made frequent steps as evidenced by the artifacts .. re'covered during the past decade <l!l,d described late~~ in this report.

'Two'geological features of the Haple Dell grea offer ,possible answers to two quostions of concern to us. One is the availability of materiel for the manufacture of irr).p;t.ements and toolso Many of those recovered may have been chipped from the colored chert nodules to be found in the outcroppings of the Pine Canyon limestone' in the im.'1lediate vicinityo The ,Pine . Canyon limestone is a Mississippian formation and lies bel0,w the Humbug formation and above the Gardner dolomites (Rigby, J cKo, Rocks and Scenery of Camp l'-1aple Dell, po 34) 1he sec:)nd geologica l f e ature i s on3 extending i r.to prE: sQnt times, and currently on e of the most spe cta cular ,in Mc:>.ple ;':b.el~,an-:;l is the fe ature of slumping or earth £lOll , T:!1ese : ~l ull).p s are mainly due to t he ' shifting of undergound wat~rcourses' aT:lQ. ;.spi'ings resul ting prima::.-:~_ly from excessive runoff frcm me_ti ng snows; and the capture of water in natural b01.Jls and depressions which la~er-seeps into the ground and breo...lcs. through at a lower point.

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The slun;,s p:'obably account for the ,burial of the artifacts which have been recoveredo T~e majority~, 6.f.. which have been found at 'a depth of from 2 to 12 inches belm, t~1e surface of the ground and are believed by the author to be h;istoric rather than prehistoric in dating~ , Three slu.-rnps have occur-ed, in lb,ple Dell in recent years Two in 1952 both stem.'11ing from the same original, source ' and both triggered Simultaneously, each of which buried one of ' the cam, buildingso The third slump slipped into Peteetneet Creek near the camp dump in 1956" 0

,Ma;>le Dell h~s a good 'cover ' 0,£ loam to an average 'depth of 6 1:,0" 8 inches and a_ r ich, lush undergro ..Tth of vegetation over most of the campe In cteveloping roads, cooking and sle8ping sites and,other improvements ft'Q:Tl time to time, it has becn necessar:r to remove sorile of this COVer to level· the surface of t~18 ,:GI:ou:'1do '-"',

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It has been . during such operation!:;,~ or af'ier so::ne foot traf-f.i.e) over ithese same ar~as that projectile i points ~ lumps of p~. in-G,mano.s : :and --i· other items have been found. 'There have pot b~8Y,l.., howe\\ler, any reports to camp officials' of the recovery of s~e.rds ,. beac.s or woven materials to .date" ". . .. ~. ~

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Figure 10 Projectile Points. the prqjec"~i1e points recovere4, "f~;.~. t;~~e:jl<'ked from · ~gC!.tized wood; one large. fragment, possibtt' .a ~pear, p.9'int, from gray. 'quartzi te, must pave b ~en about 8 incfles long befor.e; .it- .was br.oken; ~d ~he balance w~re fla.l<ed. from' !cher'"l;; : f?iplilar ' to the vartet;:r found in the Pine Canyon 1 imestone • Thi : po~ts fall mainly into three types 1) Short bladed, side~notchedo "2) Short blade, . side~nbt ched 'and base-notched8 3) Long blade, side-notched. In gen81'~1 the p~8jectile points hav(3 been found fairly "1el1 distributed .throLighou.t Ca::i'}) .

Maple Dell, while the other types of artifacts have ·been' located in the pro~imi ty of the 'o r'i 'ginaL small pond. '. , '.

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Two manos" made of quartzite and weighing 1 11;>.; lO '· oz:. and 1 Ib o . l2! oz. l:J.ave been recovered.. The first is2t inches wide, 1 3/4 inches :: thi9k and 6~ inches long and is square in. shap e ~ The;'sec6nd is lozenge, sbaped and' is 3 1/8 inches wide, 2 3/B inches thick., anq. .5 1/8 'inches long . Both of the manos were found in a 1'02.d cut ; ~ : south of ;tihe"_pondo 'J.. lump of red paint was :('ound in t~e ' 83ll1.8 genepal area 18 inGhes below the surface while excavation 't·ms being made for a water lin\3 This piece shp1'ITs upe as it has been rubbed smooth on both ep'ds • It we ighs 3 1:'00".' ~ .o z 0

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A fin~ m~i?ate was found a hundre'd yo.~ds north:',. pf tLe smail pond~ It is 7..,1 3/J.6 inches wide, 2 3/8 inches., t~i ck , and 11 . inches ' l~1fg This objecti~ made from quartzite very ;similar .t o tl'iat 'f rom which the manos are made and has been pecked to afford a rou ~h gril:1ding surface. The weight, l'lhich is 12 Ibs~ 7t .ozs o, and, the s ize' and . shape orthtsmetate would suggest a possipility .c;>:f: ' it being 'i;i ~ portable , pbject Tather than a temporary or",e or apermarient camp . '. utensil . ... -.Outstc:nding workmanship is eJG1ibit~d in , the ·'prepa.r:ation : , of this ,)'netate. . ' . ' . :." . ' :' , i :.

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A fragment of an implement, presumabl~" part of a scra~er~ and the only artifact made from obsidian found and reported wl.thl.n Maple Dell was found west of the small pond about 30 yards.

Due to a policy of permitting the finders of artifacts to keep them, most of the relics found are now scattered. and thoug~ some information is on hand concerning all of the recovered artl.facts reported, the records are not as complete as they migh~ be.

As future items are recoverd, a more complete record wll1 be kept and effort is being made '~o obtain full data on the scattered artifacts as the owners can be located and interviewed.

HUNT 1S REHEDY

If you are interested. in dating old towns or white campsites you might try the methods suggested by Charles B. Hunt in a recent article in Geotimes (Vol~ III, No.8, pp. 8~10, 34, May-June, 1959).

Dr. Hunt says you can get a fair idea from the types of cans and bottles present just when the site was inhabited. (

r

Pre~1900 sites "ar,e recognized by the presence of soldere.d tin

cans (soldered at the end andsic,e) ~ beer bottles with hand finished necks (no mold. seam etiong the side but a seam around the neck) made for cork stoppers, and by square nails.

Sites dating from 1900 to 1920 have round nails, bottles with hand finished necks, but Hi th the lip to take a metal cap in the case of beer and soft Qrink bottles, and soldered tin cans.

From the 20 1 s thru the 3DI s Call1pS and tOHnS have machine finished bottles with a mold seam extending to the top of the bottle, tin cans put together by cd.'-:piq; the seams instead of soldering, and these are usually associatE:: d with auto parts of the Model 1\ vintage.

From the 1930 l s on its beer in cans and aluminum cooking ware.

Page 150

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