Utah Statewide Archaeological Society Newsletter, Volume 8, Number 2, June 1962

Jh!DEXED ,UTAH STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY

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l>03 EAST SOUTH TEMPLE

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UTAH

A Newsletter

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UTAH ARCHAEOLOGY is published quarterly by the U'l'AH STATEWIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Subscrition is included in lPemb~l'ship.; ':Membership in the society is available from the secretary-treasurer ak $,2.00 per year. Correspop.derice "cpllicerning the actiyitties of the :society should be- directed to the president. All manuscripts and news items 'sh6ul51be. sent to the editor: Lloyd Pierson, Arches National Monument, Moab, Utah.

PRE..HDENT;{i'xoCl.;;1CiG h:':'Sfie). ')06 nf,,~;(lh ,) B.lvd" Os:;deJ.1, (Jijah VICli: PR.ESI'EN1'~ John L. Cross, 860 SQu'iih :Oth East, O:rem, Utah SECRF.TARY*'IRF,J\.SURER: Veone Gale, JJ432 Sunview Dl' .. , Ogden, Utah ADVISOR: Dr. Jesse D. Jennings, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City 12, Utah

E T>I'roR' S NO'lES

Sorry to be so late with this

iss~e,

but the next

~10

due for this

year are in proccess and Vlill be out8hortly.

We had an excellent meeting of the Statewide society on May 26th with 29 in attendance with representatives trom Logan, Oren, Sal t Lake, Ogden, Price and Bountiful. Two of the papers presented in this letter were given there. It was interesting to me to see the enthusiasm and wide interest in Archeology in this group and I am sure it is the beginning of a thriving Stat~/ide organization to bring many more peo~e interested in preserving the abundant material that is present in this area into this group. We have full support of the faculty at the University of utah and several people who are teaching in other schools in the state.

We are looking fO~lard to meeting more of the Provo Chapter who seem at this time to be moving forward rapidly. ''!he Price Chapter, as evidenced by the paper by Dr. 1)orman is doing very well.

The next issue will contain the by laws of the society and we hope this can be brought to the attention of any active ~oup or individual in the state who is interested so that they can join with us in a united effort as we know that more people and more, Stat~Jide interest will bring, more results in our common effort.

Any paper or fact of interest that anyone has that would help us better understand our state society would be welcomed by your Editor with a promise tha t i t will be passed on in the newsletter to everyone We have some covers that still contain the name of Lloyd Pierson as Edi tor, bu t as his work has taken hi.-n from the s ta te we woul d 1 ike to encourage everyone to make any inq'leries as to this newsletter either to the Dept. of AnthropOlogy at the Univ'. of Utah, or to S0me executive member of the SOCiety.

They are listed at the front of this Editorial.

We have some e.:.c!;ellent articals coming up on the Glen Canyon Salvage Vlork and some wC'rk being dOUG L'll the ute Indian l"'eserva tion this summer by Univ" of Utah summer survey crews and these will bet to you as soon as they are prepared.

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months there haG been a great deal of info~nation in the papers proposed Canyonllands National Parle. One of the attributes of this proposed park is thE) c 'turar 'r ew.d.ns of the pre-historic inhabitants of the area. Having been one of the fortuna t es to have visited the Needles...salt Creek section of the proposed park on many occasions I thouGht the time opportune for a presenta tion of the archueological values of this section of the proposed park to the ~ roup n ost likely to be interested in such things. ]n a previous report by Gunnerson (1959) the archaeology of the Dead Horse Point district of the proposed park \'las discus:s ed •. The standing Rocks district, west of the Colorado River, ~s rela tively unknown archaeologically and the third district of the proposed park is the Neec:D.es-8al t Creek section under discussion her~.

Dl ~ecent concernin ~; the

1he archaeology of the Needles-Salt Creek are a is extremely interesting because of the un!~ueness of its setting, its re noteness, its unspoiled freshness, the feeling of discovery present, a nd the pa.rticula.r ~nterplay of cultures that took place there • ., The various ruined villages are plentiful, SO!7-e of fair Size, reost well preserve d an~ with the ir virtues intact. TheTe are also a great many . campsites and pictogrC:!-ph panels scattered throughout the region.

Coupled with the scenic grandeaur the prehistoric works add' the little touch of spice necessary to make the whole a travel gourmets delif,ht. '!Wo branches of the Pueblo cul ture were extant here; the San Juan Anasaz1 of Southern utah and the Fremont of East Central Utah., Appa:-.:e~'l'iily this 'iiTaa a ~o.ne of contact where much of the exchange and s election 0 1.' Cultural traits between these two groups took place. , It was a place where t he ideas flowing trom the more complex Anasazi group to the less complex Fremont peoples we:re terr-pered and fil tared. _Hence, it is an area 1r.lportan t to the study of man as a locale where the scientist can seek unadulterated clues as to the whys of man's choices in the selection of ideas and ~aterial culture items and where the layman can get a bet·ter understandin t2 of mankind's development and his traditions.

The San Juan Anasazi group is fa~i11ar to most people as the builders of the large cliff dwellings of the Uesa Verde and the huge mul tistoried apartment houses of the Chaco Canyon. ~e Fremont Branch groups, though developed in the general Pueblo tradition, never r e ached the develo pmental heights of their cousins further south. 7hey did maintain an individuality expressed by their elaborate figurines, stone balls, huge painted pictographs, leather moccasins, pottery types, and hunting-gathering orienta.tion•..

Li-tttle is kno.;'n of the archaeology of the Needles Area other than through surface surveys end A although the Anasazi region furth~ r south is relatively vlell Imown, the Fremont culture remains an eniGma. 'The unpublished survey of Hunt a nd Filson (1952) in Horse Canyon and the infonnation presented here is the S11m total of archaeological knowledi"e of the Salt Creek drainage and the Needles proper..

Undoubtedly man has been living in the general vicinity fo~ a great length of time • . Both the Folsom and Pinto-Gypsum cultures, early hunting and gather~ ing peoples, have been iden·tified in Southeastern Utah, a1 tho'J.gh not as yet within the area under discussion~ The most ]?l"ominen':'; cul t1::l'e of the BJ.' ea consisted of the two branches of the Pueblns ;'l'e~.ri0m,ly mcn!; ::_cn:~c2; th'?! p~:,e·:!'Vjt(,l.'i~ pot '~e l'y making agricul +,urists. '[hey s'3emlugly :,cc1:.d o d the a?8 c; (~i.r~ .l'lg t h(' j,::;·th c e~.~t.ury :.i.:. 8, rather ~18avy but possibly .J ea;: ·. on .'~l :; on~~ en lira ·jl.C~l" rl'~D 1'E: gi :.1 ceems ·~o have been deserted by

these people in "'"he 13th centu1'Y, possihl;r due to a ~'"eneral mOY8Yllent out of the San Juan country by the Pueblo [TOUPS farther south.

Sal t Creek Canyon, like mos t of t he canyons head t ng i n Sal t Creek _.~esa , had an intensive occupation in its upper reaches and sporadic prehistoric occupation throuGhout. : ~ost of the ruins are the so-called 1I ~" oki Housel! type, either sinGle or mul tiple small round, or sometimes square, ,asonry granaries averaging about? feet in dia.'11eter. These are most frequentl y locate d in small caves or on narrow ledges at all ele'rations on the canyon walls.

Occasionally these ~ 'lay be contiguous ?ut this is rare in the cliff dwellings. ~~any of them are almost, if not enti rely, inaccessible.

Most are accompanied by painted and/or pecked pictographs.

Above the "Jump" in Salt Creek there is a widenin~ out of the canyon and here one finds a concentratton of cliff and open sites worthy of cOlT'par1son with any area in the Southwesii. 'T'1 ~ e cliff dv/ellincs are, for the most part, in the Fremont tradition, while the open s i tes are typical Developmental Pueblo. An example surveyed consisted of a crescent shaped row of contiguous rooms ten feet vlide and forty feet long, on a low mound, oriented with the crescent opening to the southeast and a kiva depression in the center of the crescent.

Only one of the cliff dwellings t hat has been vi_sited gave any indication of having a ki,ra present. '!his is 'Power 'Ruin in Horse Canyon, and v/hat appears to be a cribbed log roofed liD" shaped kiva with a ventilator in the southeast wail is present. Ano t her cliff dwell-int! that may be more in the Anasazi tradition is a forty room affair repQrte dly on a le ge in Salt Creek near the head of the canyon. "'he survey conducted by Hunt and ~:.'ilson (1952) showed Horse Canyon, a m.a jor tributary of Salt Creek, to contain, in its six to eie:ht mUes of length, over 44 sites ranging from camp sites, caves, pictograph panels, and single granaries, to eleven room villages. 'Ibis appears to be standard for Salt Creek Canyon, ~vis, Lavender, Lost, and Squaw Canyons. Only the :iest Fork of Salt Creek seems to be devoitl of significant human occupation.

One cliff ruin in Horse Canyon if Vlorthy of description. '1'l-te site i8 located 500 feet above the canyon floor on a narrow, eight foot wide, ledge almost at the top of the sheer canyon wall. Access to the site is via a long tongue of slick rock, across a narrow sandstone ridge with sheer drops on both sides, and then up a short but dangerous incline to the ledge. ~e site consists of several square and round storage chamhers in poor bhape and four well defined red and whi to painted figures on the cliff face above t he ledge. ~e figures have elaborate face masks in a geometriC design and are of a type that is peculiar to the Needles area and seems to be related to similar types found in the Fremont Culture ~ea.

Also of special interest was a hearth found buried deep in the side of an arroyo bank in Horse Canyon indicating, perhaps, the presence of earlier peoples.

In the v1c:f.nity of Squaw Spring there are areas of stone chips where there Must have been larse and frequently occu.pied camp sites.. '!be same situation exists at Cave Spring and undoubtedly at any of the Pe~~anent water sources in the regiorl(l T!l 8 ..1d~. t·i('l":\ ~ ij Cave Spring there are several large caves which show j_lH~:(r:E!.r.i<>I1 :)f 0x{; . Jnsivc "c~uP:\';jt?n, Some of these have been badly damaged :l"CCOl".. li.'.y., On-\;:. }lEo,) e.n :!.i.l '(j€_.t~~. tiir..g s3':':!.es 1,)£ bedrock metates in i~ A few pecked anj p'linted t~.;Y'PhB .:1:,_'e ':'c. be found also~.

1!ilthin the Needl.,es proper: Chesler P~k, Virginia Park., T:evils Lane, etc.• , there seem to Y>e no masonry ruins, nor have they been reported by the various devotees of the area. 'Tbere are, however, several campsites and pictograph panels ~ere. 'l\vo camp sites were round in the center of Chesler Park,. one in a san~ area, the other in a shel tared spot between two large n~tural monoliths., The former site showed only chips and broken stone artl.... facts of chipped technique, while the latter had stone work plus a w:elve inch layer of ash showtng some length of occu~ation.

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1bere is pecked panel of pictures on the north side of Ches1er Park : but these have, got been visited by the author. In Chesler Canyon there is a small ca.ve wit) a ~eries .of painted pictures done, for the most part" in red, Hands with illised palms, a string of human figures with packs on their backs, upside dO~J;OOn (killed?), and mountain sheep make up the majority ot the pa1ntings~ Anothet panel nearby rep~rtedly has typical red painted triangUlar anthropomotphic fi,ures of the Fremont t~~on it. ~~panels of ,ainted pictographs in De~s Lane just north of Chesler Park a:r§ also qui te striking. 1he one is under a. small overhang formed by a block of stone dropping out of the Cliff face. It consists of a series of red pai.ted negativQ and positive hands, some with incised palms, and a few anthro~morphic figt3"es..

The paint material was readUy avaUable in a seam at the 'base of the C2liff.. lJhe second panel is high on the face of the Clift not to~ tar from the first. All of the figures on it are in red pai~t from the sarne source and t he f igures con81st of four foot high square shouldered tr1a~gUlar anthropomorphic figures of the Fremont type, ladders, dogs and/or mountain sheep..

It 1s kriovln

tha~

there are other csmp sites in the general vicinity but eJ~tensive in the Needles proper if the water situation in the past was as it is today, i.e., practically nonexmtent.

human occupation could not have been too

Although the sites listed above have been designated as belonging to the period of the 12th century pottery-rnaking ramers, there is a good posf'ib:D.1ty that many of them ,~ lJa~~i.icul.:;t:dy the camp sites and "Voki House13 11 wer3 c.'::('t~p:l.ej in pro'to ....hi6·~0Y.'ic Mr;d hLto:dr; times " Hiato:l'icaJ. ar;coun·ts shoVil' thRt 8Cll+t.·. easteI'll U'Ga!l \>.lao occup:i.3d bJ" at :Leas 'l:; three ~ou~s~ utes} Southern R,iu"jos: and Naye.jos~ I'G io;, poJs~ible that any of these three g"oups me.y have I3pet~'(; time) in the area, the pOBsibUi t:r being in the same relative oreier as toe aboV'e listing.

RIEL IOGRAPHY G'U,IlJ1ersml .~

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1959 Al'chaeological Survey in the Dead HorBe Point Area. utah Archaeology, VoL 5;. No" 2" !lPc. 4-.9.

Hun'li!, A" cmd B~ E ~ V1:C.so:'1.

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Arc!l~e()loe:\.C :ll

Sites in the Horse Canyon Area, utah. 115, University of 'Jt<Ll!, Gal b Leke Ci ty.

FRA~JKLIN

CAVE

Lester D. Lowe This paper which I have prepared is pertainine to a cave which is locatee approxi'l1a tely one mile ~'/est of Franl<l in, Idaho 1 on what is known as the Little l'ountaj.n, it is on the south end of the mountain v/l~ich afforr.ls it a sm'my exposure, its 'O osition is near, or on the StanGsber;r level of ancie~t :take Bonneville. 'the cave has been knorm since the pl.:>neer 3ettle:Llen~j OJ': F:..'an'~ii.1 in th<'! year 18f.O.o;a It is quite large in size and the mouth, 0:':' tILe crt_'an.;â&#x201A;Ź' mef,SUl~9:3 42 t 8C t widE:, and from 1 to 15 feet high, j. t eXc.enafl l'l'Oill t~lP. .11(1,'1 ~h 62 fput; :~.n c.. 'i:.':..~t~:,.erly direction and running east and west in an ~rJ.¡f'guJ . ';1'" CO'W'At:

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:.: -:-:'eC::1i11e interested in this ca,re site some 23 years ago throueh my son Bruce , :,li~' :I.r:'Gerest was aroused af.'! a boy when he used to visit the cave 8i te to 'WatC~l al't.i..t'act hunters sift the dirt in s earch for pro'jectial points a:ld othe~ artifacts§ ~h . s sort of operation had heen eoing on in the cave for Borne tno years or more to rr. y knowledge, and after much persuasion I consented to go with him to see what had arouserl his curiosity so ""lch , it ;as at th~.s tim e that I bHcame interested to t.he point that I would like to see what reMained of the artifa.cts in the cave, collected and preserved in a ~ roup. I obtainod pemission from the ovmer to Vlork out the remainln.: part of the cave.

At this point I shoul d have contacted some reco i~ni7ed author1 ty in archeology and make provisions to preserve the valuable scientific info~a tion that stUl remained at th~. s cave site, but like mc.my o thers I procee!:'ed to sift the dirt for projectial points and other artifacts, of which I collected s ome 2000 or more ..

I should like to give some of my observations and conclusions pertaining to this cave site. as I proceeded to excavate the balance of the sott material from the cave. It appeared this ea"-e s ite had been an ideal one for the habitation of ancient man, and that he entered and made his fires on the bare floor of the cave as soon as the waters of ancient Lake Bonneville receded sufficient for him to enter. ~e cave varied in depth, fran 2 to 12 feet in i ts deepest part, the upper stratigraphy , down t o a depth of 2 to 4 feet, indicated that extensive habitation had taken place at this cave site during the past 4 or 5 hundred ~~ars o The fauna indicated many types of bones of animals 'found in the regions surrounding the cave site, deer, elk, beaver, wolf, does, buffalo, horse, and different types of rodents found in the region. Several human teeth \';cre found, and skeleton remains of one human being t/aa found by Professor P'~e rrill Peterson and Paul " iller of Logan, utah ..

Hr. = tiller recovered an aV/l which appeared to be made of i~Tory, this artifact was lying beneath 3 inches of solidified ca:l.cite. I recovered many bone awls, with other instruments made of bone. 'The projec'tial pOints for the most part that were found in the upper stratigraphy of the cave Vlere made of obsidian, many knives and scrapers, with other stone artifacts were also found. Broken shreds of po ttery Vlere munerous, for the mos t part 1 t Vias made of a grayisil black material, beine mostly smooth, hO\"lever, some "lere modeled, while still other fragments were decorated with colors of brown, red, and black and whits.

As '1e proceeded to the deeper strata of the eave, the fauna completely disappeared, and in the extreme lower l 'e velB only (). fine la.yer of clay and flann remained, varying in depth from 18 inches to ;~ teet indicating a possible rise of the lake level bringing the lake waters ba,ek into the cave again.

In this sediment only bits of charcoal remained, a:s all fauna had evidently decayed. 'Jhe projectial points were fev! in number and so!" el'!hat different in character, they were some what larger in Size, and the hafting end in sevel"al

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of tllem ,~ ere clf.fsJ:'('nt in ~ht:.:,,"acter.~ ::c.nd ~.~e>. t~L ng that they may have boon \laee!

6}Je;').r ~4n.·va ) '!1 .ay \'/':;>~'0 1,3.rt<:: ()f V'f..r i (;/) '1 ~·'l.ta""i.ll~ j sUf\h a.s . chalcedony, qua··.·vz ::(,e ~ .1': .1.1>; 1;:- ::hE)1:" v, (r~~:i. =_ ·I~ :>,•• d ",)e ~J:i . f'ied ifll~ cd ~ 3f)ma were lying on the 210,,)7,' :)f i.:he c.(': ."e 1 :u'1 ·.~::.\:; ·;!' :i ~:. W fj'.o1.j hr.,": s .l'\,'l -ed t h ::'s (;ave s!.ta soon af1;er the waters of 1a:··:~ nc,r..'Jr..-J....11 .: f.:,.i :.'€ (" 0$ '; -:~ ,:.n·::'(';id:t f,')j,' h:im to enter. : . a~

As J: io-:>k 'b,'v; l~ -:: ·?:m \r. t p ' \)l' r;( d' rr. ~( ,'I ~ \~('llrpl l&r;n,," :cts, as I am guU ty with 1irho :no13si,~ d ·Gh:'s C3.v r. s :~ tl:l, ';1.)'.'..2 :.:e3 1.:;o'(:y:ct ::or all time valuable S G i 9~!l;~_f'io:: da ';;a "i.l l a-t "" (: U) (: hmr."l r'~-';'9al.? 1'\ /.I f ) .If' ·;i r.' '-"·:l ;~ncient man first inhabited thb r <3gi-Jl1, tog e 'I;~E: r w1 ;j1: :'l:L13 hi:l.·:-. ~, t.~) ol:)d ri,] rr.'.)~G nf J.iving. It is hoped that ::lome s sc ·i;:!ur. of ur..i~; ( !(lV ( . lTt 'J.y ~d,fJ1 h oI I 'b'IJ e . (~lcidjif ic knowledge we desire, and at t.";.:. s <(jjms p e7'm i~ler:()"tl ~l ?.~ ·t .:-€-,,: tr:;~ ;,en Jut) ·bnc UL,,:lversityof Utah by the owns!' \So '~ha t work ca"l 15" () 'J 1..(,. t:lis e nd(, o ~Jhel:'s

THE CA!:J3:.'W CGJ.F.:lR.

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I wish at this time to give yuu " bf iel r09mne' concerning the history and developnent of Utah's most reoen·t; ~j1Seum-'Ibe Carbon College Prehis toric

Museum. located at Prioe, utah, which wae officially opened to the public Jm8

3, 19610

In chronological order the events in its development are as tollows: In 1959 Carbon College became a branch or 3ubdivision of the University of Utah.

Along about January of 1960, at the :'..r"li tigation of a group of "rock bounds II , all evening adul t education o).asiJ U~.3 given e.t Carbon College in Physical Geology. Some fifteen or so stud-eutB conSisting of said 11:;:'oc1{ hounds" plus various local professional and lJusinerls men '~oo~ t his course, many nut of pure ouriosi ty. The course in general ,~eolo g y VIas so VIeD. receivp.d a~ci enjoyed that it was immediately followed br His t orical Geology, which in 'Gl...~n was followed by the subject of "'r'he Geolo(:.1 of U·cah ll • }~any extra~ur:'1 :i.C'il :=...1 "bull" sessions were frequently indulced :iCl in local coffee houses, of f i 'E'S , etc. The evening classes laotecl i;lto the Rummer of 1960 and at one of we "bull" sessions Don Burge, the ir.9tructol· in geoll11Jgy; made a s t atement something like this: "You knovl:I you people are cX'azyl You live in a geologt<: paradise here in Eastorn Utah.. Thece geologic f:>l"mations are ell exposed, as an open book, by erosion for you ·~o see o " He went on J~o say that within the short space of about fif 'lJy mnel:!, ft·om Stlt!5_er Summit to l:.he center of 'rhe San Raphc.el Swr::ll, reprege :~ts wel l ~_n excess of 20Omilli<:n years of geologic timr.> .J tl1a t the a:.'ea alJGuf}",ed in a :nvl·i:.it,U.ciB of foe sEs C'..nd proceeded to des -::ribe the L.:leveland-L '.n ~r1 1):Ln01,'lu'Y.' Q':1C>.ITY, ~h:'l.:L· t;y lll.5.leR Srll.:.t'least of Price, bei41g o!1erat~t.l b~iT D:t.' (., 1!i 1:l.:lrun r.~e st:l~(':J r t t'1.e Uni".r(-!T:1ity of Utah, He closed a:l.s rem<l.l·I<:8 by saying: :11,Vhy (':;ll.at w·~ c~o ;j,/,'I'\(" · ~"~_ng ) ' -Jh./ don't we start a Geol('gil1 l!llwe'ID!'?'1 'ftl!lR thE. fi...~nt ~Ie. .~r:! W.<l.E; t'orm :;,'egardl"g the mU3eumo Dm'ing th-a mumn8r ~f lS61') n.·1\ne~OUG mprc<n"lT)tu to'E'e+.in;;s '!!I'ere hp.ld, including one VJ:i.th n.,'. Lee :;,·kker.;!' '.Tho (!/ ':Je ':-nC(l1'~~J.g8'.: en J : to t'1e ~_dec: a~a F:ugCes t.ed the ac<;,.ulf'.':uil)~l I)f a C!LlO'3.:l1.1':' s '.nilJ. 800:; a 3t{\:.,..;·:b g l)oii.lt.

L l tbe :Cal}. arid oar~y wir:.":,e~ of l~S~ a. [,3ar:-;h .f.'or a 'J'Ui·~c.rl(;: bu~.1-.i~'1g )j;' 8!)e,c:c ".'faa iJlr~mle~$ ,,-;itloout SUC~~t:3, -JnU':',_ P.t"~~e CIty vo\r:x(je~::..'ed e. :i.E.:"1ge rO')li1 L1 t~!e Pri"e 0ity gall ..

In the meantime tLere waG n:..'ilch tromping of thd tills c;.!1d acquiring of blisters

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1ft the quest for suitable specimans. Along about this time it was realized that in order to have a m.useum one must have show cases for means of display.

'Ihen ensued a search fol' shoVi cases at minimum cost which were fina.lly obtained from the Independent Coal & Coke Company at Castle Gate and KenUworth

who had decided to do away with their company stores. T,~st of these shol'l cases were of ancient vintage w~th scarred and batter ed appeardnoe holding Some six or eit;fht layers of ,rar10us colored paint and linseed oU, furniture polish and Vlax~ J''Uch of the glass waa more or leos oemi-o;>aq'.le. Of necess!t~r there folloT/ed an elmost endless session of "work night,slI which vlere a cor(.bination of muscle , sweat, te~rs, paint remover, splir..ters, turpent:i.ne, profanity and l'uined olothing. '!he year 1961 dawned and things were beginning to shape up. ae{)r.:~e Patterick dreamed up the idea of havLlg 'the local Carbon Art League paint a dinos~~ ,1U!'al A ;" :.z~, teet in size 1'01' 0 :1E'! m~ll ot the 4,"oom. Here study, research an(: c(,'n~l.:l tp.tion with t he ilrt gi'C'UP was nec13!'1sary in order to obtain a scienti fically cor:'ed; p:lct~J.re 'The pictur q Ylas ac tually painted three times, tae la,st t i ml3 to the p;ursonal speoif'ic'.Jtion 01' l')ro tee Stokes, the work being done ny twent;r v/o:nen and two men with a minimum ot eye gouging and hair pulling.

About February ot 1961 someone came up with a new idea, It \'las known that there 'were numerous private collections of Indian artifaots in the area. stored mostly in attics, basements and garages, so it was Buggested that we make an atterr.pt to acquire these and- comb:ne the archeoloeica1 aspects ot tastern Utah vlith the original idea of geolog;',r. Contacts m,l de with people possessing Indian artifacts, in an effort to obtain the collections, ,',;ere at first met TIith a cold shoulder and fishy eye. However the ice waS finally broken by n;strict Judge :b""Jted ;-:. !<eller W~!o loaned his San Juan County, utah, Anasa,.,1 pottery collection. ra"e Nordell of Ni.ne Hile Canyon and Keith H<:nsen of Sunnyside followed suit. Soon we had projectile points by the hundreds, metates', manos, beads, bones, "ganuine ir.dtan seed corn" and liihat have you virtually r unning out of our ears o It then becaT{I,e apparp.nt that whereas Don Burga, as geology ins'cructor, was well qua1.1t~.ed to handle t he geolo5icaJ. part of the museum, no one knew much, if anyttli'1g, ~bout the archeologiccl. end of ~he situation.. At one of our meeting~, 'i1'!' Quinn I~ . '·.-hi t i ns, as chainnan of ·t he group, cast a desperate eye about the l'oom, finally pointed his finger at me and said I It You are nov/ ' 11'0 cha~ge of the at'cheoloCYJ you are responsible tor find ing out all there is t o know about this stuff, noVl get busy and do it." That 'vJas my introduction to the "Fre!,'ont Culture" which, (being a Doctor and not familiar with the word cultu~e in its archeological sense,) I thought was possibly something used to make buttermilk or grow bacteria.

0

Our museum idea, frow the beginning 1 has had but one aim - one objective to preoerve ~nd display prehistoric a~ti~las portaininB to the geology and archeology of utah, more speci!'ically of Eabtel'n ut"ih, in an effort to add to 'lihe E'!du.cational and cultural vaJ.t".9s of :)Ur community; ,' ~e have affil1ated with Carbon College and have chosen 'lihe name "(.;al'bop College Prehistoric r,o;useum" in an attempt to keep our "UoTk on an academic ' and scientifically correct basis.. "fe hope that the museum can be used as an entering wedge tor even'im'111y obtaining a badly needed soience building at Carbon College', iii which tile museum can be inoorporated.

01.11" trc ',lblrJs ha~re been chiefly financial.. Although the Board ot Regents of t hE) lJl1i'TE...!',Cj ::. t,y of: U~C:·. h ( ' ft~_cial~y fl.pprove r! the museUM i n ~!..ay of 1961, no fund'] VI01'e fo't;'''h''lom~,!.g, A local fund raiSing carr.paign Vias conducted with s:.i.za1.>le amounts bet ng contributed by the Price Chamber of Commerce (~ 'l,OOO) and the Price Lions Club (f: .00). So far we ha,'e raised and spent approximately

5;41.50Cl.)uO necn'ly ~','3 ~O;')G"O/,) or 1'J hicr. h;:t,s .,Cii(:' ~()1" ·thA a\!q:'i",i t i OI:. ::.Lnf' p.n··G~,al ass~mbl y :)f nn llll.')3cnr.:.'ur; skal 'J'~fln f~.'\)rn 'i:h-:,:! C:::,cvelanr:i-l,lo yd ~)ir..O&8'J:r: Q· .La1:"L· Y~ ~.n j,!:\f.J "lE:ntal 5 0 'JJ.·~e oC illCOTllf. i'lafl \ een 'c..tlG operat.ion of' 1;1 "souveuil" ~ou.n'Ge't''' ad~ n ~C;~ nt t,o "',h,.;) r~ W3Emr;:. vihi0h f;' O:Ld fr"l1lTcu'L:.i of dinosaur bone) tumbled s t ones, p:tct:~.:n;sS' eCll ::'\ut:i.or.,;J.J. Plat,cY'ial {o\r~d :;0 forth.. "'his project hild 3 net profit · 'of a~~·p:t~~dr'· <.l lj(>ly ( ~ O OI\OO in f our lrlo nths , In £I,n y e'~'Em '(,S' the Car 'JOn Colli) , e Pr(.:historic ,·useur 1 conceived with en thw lilfl'1l ~ Oil t bor', in i 6 IJO::·am:8) was op(m;~d J'J.ne 3}' 1')61. In the 1'ton th of Jur:e tbe~'e ';,'0X'~' '+l- 539 vi~ 'Lbrf" ~iU: ..y 3 . 2'.'), lI.ubust 3)643 and September 1,266 ma.\'{in~~ CJ. tu t~j" 1'01.' th,;; :fir st four mO!ltilH of 12 .. 771. nurin!;; the winter there waf> of eOI).rf.>e a d:'o p in. :,l:\itendanf}G, b'u 'Cl om· total signed visitor list is 13p50~ o Of '~hi;;i tohJ. f)J/ 07J 't,.o <3X·C fro'~' Cc.t.:'O)on a nd r : ery Counties, 4,784 from t ne remainrle!' ()f the state of utah) w;'lile 2, 709 ~'JGr c:: from out of state and 48 vis:l tors regist.ered froTrt forei~:n countries.

I have atte.r,pte d to pic t ure for :ro" the forr.:a t10n lind operation of a small local museurr" \ hich in l ess tha n on~ ysd.r hus attract F~ d SOJT'.e 14,000 visitors" 1; offel' i t as an exaMple of \'That a orr.aU dedicated group ot' workers can do in any cOmfhunity..

I aIlso l,,'lsh to express appreciatton to Dr. Lee Stol<es tor his continued help and to Dr. J. D. Jenn in~s for his recent visit which gave us a much needed shot in the a.rm. , (:;

:. : '!he local people who have been most aetiveVlith our ,m.useum project are, I

. , .;!

Quinn A. "!hi tin!; , ~ [. 1). J Pr~ ce, Utah Don 3urge J Oe olcgy Instructor, Carbon College Vim. F . n.eves~ Gn P, A.,' ~ Price, Utah George Patte::riok, Eqv.:I.t.:t':JJ.e :rnSUl'an~e Agenoy, Price, Utah Art Rasm:ls::.en , ?X'ic;8 ComrwL::JJ 5,on Company, Price, Utah Lean Vlir. t6l'') , D· D, 9 . ~ p!.'.\,Of'., u ·JG.?.h c. W. S·~ub·r.y Pd "~ e.!'t::cn . C i.;lrb :)'·~ C-rJUuty Sr;hool Board" Price, utah Ray '():)'Vi1a:~.J, 1?,l.liJ.~:i.ng Gon':oX'Cl:; tor , Pr:L~s) U·t;ah Bill BranJon~ E.nJ,.iL : ~'B(.) ~ ljt2.~ , p~ 1j!e::.' ~I Li.ght COiupany, Helper 1 Uiah Holly B'.!'Y~1e: .... , Pri'::0 Sh":: ~ni H~ ~a}_ C.:>mp!3.ny. . Prj,ce, utah c. Ashb JTJ Em(::T'Y C~·' m. ty P.l':)g.:'es3~ l~ a~n:J.. ~ 1)2.1 e l utah

James Diaman ti, Coal Mi'ne Oper'a to.!' ,. Price, utah

Kei th Hansen, r.eputy Sheriff, Sunnyside, Utah