Utah Statewide Archaeological Society Newsletter, Volume 9, Number 3, September 1963

UTAH STATE HISTORICAL SOCIEff 603 EAST SOUTH TEMPLE SALT LA,"!: C l Y UTAH

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UTAH ARCHAEOLOGY is published quarterly by the UTAH STATEWIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETy' Subscription is included in membership. Membership in the society is available from the secretary-treasurer at $2.00 per year. Corr espondence concerning the activities of the society should be directed to the president. All manuscripts and news items should be sent to: Utah Statewide Archaeology Society % Dept. of Anthropology, University of Utah.

U'WI STA'lEWIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIE'IY --..

PRESIDENTs John L. Croea, 860 South 10th East, cram, Utah VICE FRESmENTI Francis Hassel 906 Rancho Blvd. Ogden, utah SECRETARY-TREAStntERa Veonfl Qale, 1432 Sunview Dr., Ogden, utiah ADVISORa Dr. JeDee D. Jennings, Univ. ot Utah, Salt Lake City 12, Utah En nOR I ":". D. Pack, 310 South 3rd East, Freoton, Idaho

EDITOR'S NO'lES .JAn executive dinDer meeting waa held in Salt Lake City Sept. 28, 1963. Sixteen Vlere present, vtith representatives from Provo, Salt Lake City, Bountiful, Ogden, and Logan. Helvin Aikens was there with hie new wife to represent the Archeolocy nept. of the University of utah. It would be Dice to see more of our clubs repreuented at .the quarterly meetings. The members present at the last meeting decided that each club 16 to bring, or eend, a report of their elubo activities to our next meeting.ihea8 reports vr.tll be printed in the news letter so each one ot US ,will be able to know what the different clubs are doing.

The SOCiety ie planning on having a book for all of the members containing allot the work that vie have printed on the Glen Canyon salvage Project. This will be put out under separate cover this year, by ll!". and Era. Belvin Aichen.

The r ~ueeum in Salt Lake City on the Un1versi ty campus is getting much closer. The old Library bas been picked and plans are rap141y being made to !DOV'e tore'o'Iard. This will be a big asset to the State and our Society. ~e encourage more ot you to send articles in that you have written, or can write. The December issue will have one b,y our Secretar,y-T.reasure, Veone Gale, and our past Pres ident: errUl Peterson. Don't be afraid to write one. Post ot us are amateurs and vIe can't be very critical. Iluch of the great oontributions to Archeology in the country has been from people vrho vmre not prof'eDsionally trained. So all of you that have any.. thing intereoting lets have it. !here is still room for more in our Dec. issue ..

':fe were very sorry to learn ot the death of LucUe Peterson, wife of Herrill (Bud) Peterson our former President. She was a strong supporter of our activities and we will miss her very much.

The publicity of our President John Cross, his son and daughter; and their friends in Fex1co, made interesting reading. Evidently he had a very good exouse for not being to our meeting. TIe would like to have a good report to print in our net...s letter Jobn.

The artioles in this edition ares Unusual Historical Indian Burial Reported, by George '::. Tripp - Extension ot Black'a Fork Culture Hateriale,

by Leona Fetzer ':i1ntoh - and Ethnohietorio Study in 'the Glen Canyon, by Catherine L. Sweeney. ";:e enjoyed ea.oh one and know you wlll too.

UNlSUAL HIS'lORICAL INDIAN BURIAL REFQR'J1l:n

By George VI. Mpp

In the course of conducting an archaeological survey of Davis County, utah, it was brought to the attention of the Sal' Lake-Davia County Chapter ot the Utah Statewide Archaeological Society by Mrs. Polly Deeta, resident ot Farmington Bay WUdlife Refuge, Davis County, Utah, that her tather, lIr. Royall :~organ. a ute long !'eSident of Davis County, knew of the 10cat1.on or an Indian burial s1 te near Farmington, Ut~.

Mr. Morgan generoual)" vol'W1teered to guW a JDEmber ot the Salt Laketo the above mentioned burial s1 tAl.

DaY1s group

'!he burial ai te 1s loea ted north ot Farmington canyon orr the highest terrace ot Lake BonnevUle, three mUes nortli of Farmington, Utah •• at an approximate elevation of 4900 ft. above sea letlel. '!he site itself is located in a small talus slide measuring apprOJd..mat91y sixty feet wide by torty-five teet long. '!he site shows evidence of being disturbed by humans in the past, al.though there is no evidence of recent d:igging. It appears that originally there were several.- burials in the talus slide only one of which s till seems to be umnoleeted. Extending north and east from the lower margin 01' the talus sl1de 1s what appears to be a low rock wall which runs north eaaterly tor several. feet up the s1de of the mountain.

According to Mr. }~organ, the fact that this talus slide was a burial. ground seems to have been common knowled~ to Davis County old timers. Be remembers when he was a boy that local young men uncovered a coup~ ot skeletons in this location and brought the nkulls into town as souvenirs. 'lhese skulls were returned to the site and reburied on the insistence ot local authorities and the boys parents.

Mr. Frank Adams, ~n(;jr \)f' the Adams Market in Layton, reported that years ago he 'IDcovel'ed Po. skdeton in this same talus slide. It isn't lmown whether the FJi{l11(,,:'Gon u:leoverad by Hr. j ,dams is cne of those reported by Mr. Morgh,n or nc.t ... Mr, IF.o:;,·g:m feels it W'M a different one than those he saw as a boYo .As~Uidng "oihia 1;0 be t~P., t.~e!"f~ Rl'3 l"e;:x>r"ts of three skeletons being ll."lCO"Te.reu :!n J;jhi~ s~..Le "146 57 " leton exi."!tmlcd by .Fl'aill<: Loans was covered by appr;UC:~!l , t ~ly iiw:;]Y':J i ilcn0s of ~.'o ~kso n:le :Jody w:w ;,o\li:<d J.ying on !ts side ill a Set,t.lf'.i..Enr....!cl j:X's1ti··n.. 1h e only a.I'tii'ac·i;s lli1"., Ad;'\1Ils r·ei.lember::; flnding wit.h thd l:t.:;,(-ly 1':"'1.:'0 tJ~..;r..g1 cn~,piJl?d st.:m.e p~o j l9cttle pOi~ lt9 a·nu '3uv9ral elk tActil "'1'i+,:1 h:):i..e3 (:1:!'i1.1~c' in 'uhan ·'lPJ::3.j.~€:ttly so tJlo;r u('Iul.d be st::'ung taD beads or 3 t·;..ilt:L·.)r'! to .,) c,. bh:t.lgi' J

Mr. Royal l'Jcrg'-".n :"e11.'.ted the f'ol~ ,owing s Iiory ll.bou t the buriAl site as haviI!g bee;;. i;(,ld b y Mr G. ?lo:.:'ent.;e {~a:r~ i-9.;> g:::-ea J" g.:anC:da·~~gh ·iJer of Chief Little Sold:iex-, t tle Chot.holle :'eader whv m;:; t; .~",~ MO;''lIlon Ploooers when they entered the 7&lley cf Great Sal t La.k"· in 1.347.L. ~ ~

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According to his great granddaughter, Little Soldier had an attracUve daughter who reached marriageable age about 1860. 1he Indian maidens hand was sought b1 a medicine man and a young warrior. The girl tavored the latter who she married in spite ot threats by the medicine man that she would die when her first chUd should be born.

In May 1861 when L1 ttle Soldiers band W48 camped at Jordan Narrows, his daughter as predicted by the medicine man, died in ohUd birth. The Indians brought her body from tbe point ot the mountains to the above described rock slide overlooking Farmington where it was buried with her baby' which was stUl Uving, ute.Us and the horse that carried her body.

The Deseret News

4 May 1861. conta:l.n8 the tollmr1Di article.

"On Saturday last a young eq\WII, daughter ot Little Soldier, died in hie camp near the point of the mountain between salt Lake City and Lehi.

The body was taken north tor interment . on some creek or ravine in the vicinity of Fazmington. 1he funeral. party passed through this city that evening wi th the body wrapped in a blanket and lashed to a pony together with some proviSions and other things that were to be deposited with the body of the deceased. A fine young pony was also taken along to be killed by strangulation at the Place of interment. n

It is reported ~ t L1 tille Soldiers daugh tar' s body was moved to a more secure res ting place when word reached the Indians tba t the whites were violating their graves,

EXTENSION OF BLACK t S FORK COL 'lURE VA'lERIALS

By Leona Fetzer Wintch

(Mrs. J. Wallace W1ntch) Manti, Utah

CRer a hundred yean have passed since Indians made their home in our valley, and during allot this time arrow heads have been hunted and found whUe implements used by the Indians are stUl on the ground where they were dropped by their owners. Because they are large and easy to see, I picked up 52 crude 1nstruments, lind 80 less rough and bulky artifacts such as scrapere, knives, and blades; all in the same locale.

Most ot the large, crude lithic finds are o'lfoid, wlttl sharp edges but wi th a thick heel J and ,how perCUSSion naking I'll th no prepara to17 work.

2

Though bifacial, there is less dorsal flaking consequently the dorsal side is usually less rounded. Among these are scrapers (Fig. 3), pounders, and choppers. One disooidal specimen shows marks of pounding on the butt.

A crude pick (see Fig. 1) wa{i buried in the sol1 vii th only an inch of the dorsal side exposed. A number of the large artifacts were projecting from the wall left by a bUll dozer removing a side hill. All finds are considered surface finds, since none were truly "in s1 tu" â&#x20AC;˘ '!he implements consis t mainly of '11ntic area vein quartz, and metaquart?i te of the Cambrian and pre-Carr.brian period. one interesting uniface object (Fig. 2) is composed of solicified shell fragments. All of the formations found, are common to this area. None of these tools shmv the abrasion of many artifacts found and described as belongine to the Black's Fork Culture, but the bulky, crude, peroussion flaked tools found in~nti are not dissimilar.*

Typical Black's Fork Cul ture materiall:J are undoubtedly scattered throughout Utah, and only need to be reported. An ad~itional extension of a body of material viewed as an aspect ot the same culture has 'oeen located south and east of Salina on the Wintch Ranch at Mud Spring. These specimens parallel the large, crude implements discovered at the large site near Temple Spring in j{anti. 'l'bey were picl<ed up after being unearthed by a Caterpillar making terraoes on a side hill. They had been under about three feet of soil, and the only associated article was a pottery handle.

The colored layer beds adjacent t6 Tet:l.ple Spring, were sought out and used by the Indians as sho,vn in the smaller, thinner and less rough tools of chert, flint, chalcedony, and Green River and Flagstaff silicates. Trilobites are imbedded in some of these. These borers, knives, blades. and scrapers were associated with the cruder surface finds.

Collections of Black's Fork Cul ture materials have been made at Flaming Gorge, Glen Canyon, I(emmerer, and ouray, but not as far south as : ~anti and Salina Canyon. Because of their crudeness, the large tools appear to belong to the paleoli thio era. However, they have not been found "in si tulI and consequently lack association with artifacts es tablishing their antiquity.

To classify these materials by patination or typology into age or culture groups, would seem beyond substatiation. The most that can be said i s that they are probably from the historio periodJ their sienificance and exact use i s still a matter of conjecture.

* E.

B. Renaud, Th~~~ol&g1ca1. surve{ of the High ;:restern Plait;tS Tenth (Den,rel'" unrversi ty of Denver, 938.

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EnINOHIS'IDRIC STUDY IN '!HE GLEN CANYON

by Catherine L. SWeeney Tracing the prehistory of the Indian tribes now inhabiting the Great Basin haa been the subject of a l5-month study by the author and Robert c.

Euler. As a part of the Glen C8Q1on Salvage Project, field work was conducted 1n the Glen Canyon and closely related areas. There were two related ailllD I 1) To gEJ.in insight into the prehiDtoric movements of peopleo and 2) to complement the lJniveroity of utah archeological salvage program. 'Ibis is a preliminary, abbreviated report of the work and findings.

Groups such as the Shoshoni, Paiute and tile eastern Ute are known to have ranged over the western region of t.he Great Basin (ollow1ng a hunting-

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lather1na 01' totally explc1 tive lit.,... 'IIle1r c.,. weft UlJua1lr t4IIlpor&!7 (aJ,.thnugh frequently relocated in the 8_e g.neral vicini. year after 7ear), and W"'l' e 1M,uM 'Le~ only uatU a nearby seed pro~uot WAS abausted or the ga~le ~JU ~J ..;l y dir:intshod. '!hen the p('ople moved on, scant evidence remained to 1nJj,c..-te thoir presence or actin ties. Consequently, to reconstruct h1tttol"1 ÂŁrom suoh an aroheolo&1cal reo. . 1&7 dtttlcul t â&#x20AC;˘

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.Because tile 1Jppft eel. . . 'Ytt. . . . . . . . . . .lOCieal !alft.. fr03." haa been aimed, from the belinning, at e&lvac1ng & max1m\D of anthropological ma+'erial from the Glea Canyen area, the location and nature of the historio lndi an s1 tee haa been of concern. Early Glen Canyon Project a~eys ot tbe area enoircling the maioetem of the Colorado River and the drainages lateral to it, had l"evealed aewral ai tee of Na'0'83o atf~iation, but tfNI attributable to ei 'bher Soutilern Paiute cr Southern ute. In an attempt 110 bridge the gap in tL~e be~leen the abandonment of the region b.r the Anasazi and the advent of the first white explorera and sett1el'O, and to unde1"Ot&nd Southern Paiute occupation and archeology more tully, three brief aurve,ys were conducted during the 1962 field eeaoon.

Because of the difficulties of locating and defining Paiute e1tes, a method oexnb1nlcg history, ethno~aphy and archeology was applied. Termed the d1reot hiatorical approaoh (Heizer, 1941) the method involved l)researoh into historic doc\aDente and ohronicles, in an attempt to learn specitically where and when Paiutes TTere eeen in the terri tory) 2 ) r esearch into the deocrlptlve 11 torature of ethnographero, to determine the lUeway of the peoples and note deSCriptions of anymater1al artifacts that might be expected to occur in the archeologioal a1 tea j and oombining hi storical and ethnographic information with information gained in 1nterv1@ws wi ttl living informants (both Indian and white) in an attempt to l ocate the si tea. During aU three ot the 1962 surveys, Indians who had Orlc e lived 1n the country were taken to the field as guidesJ they attempted to recall t he exaot placea at Which they had camped or had eeen others camped.

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Prio!' to the 1962 field seaoon, ei(.1bt Paiute 8i tet:J had been reported in the imnediate Glen Canyon vicinity. A first step Of the otudy was to 1'8looa te them. The major 01'1 terion foJ' the Paiute desiSna tion was brown ware pottery w1th heavy quartz sand temper, frequently decor ated by fingernail indention. However, th10 ware io much more common 1n Paiute sites from southwestern Utah and adjaoent areas than from southeas t Utah. Ethnoeraphlc literature (stmvart, 1942) ind1cates that ver,y l i ttle pottery was made by Paiutes east or the Paria River, south-c,entral Utah. ThUB, the few sherdbearing eiteu located on the surveys did not necessarily mean that the Paiute hdrt not oooupied the Glen Canyon drainage area--merely that we would have to us', something beoidea pottery to define the 81 tea.

Of the s1tes previously recorded, seven were north of the Colorado River, f:'!:"om the Paria RiverellSt to the Henry ; ~untaineJ the eighth a1 te was south

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of the Colorado J just eaet of the confluence of the Colorado and San Juan rivers. This was the pattern we had expected, since the ethnographic literat~'e lndicates the eastern territorial boundaries roughly as the Circle Cliffa no:.:'th of the Colorado River and the region of Navajo ;':ountain south of the San Juan (KellYJ 1934).

Of the eight si tes, two were rockshel ters. 'lhe six open s i teB were located near the crests of small ridges or on sand dunes. One of the rockshelter sites, in the Warm creek drainage, about 5 mi. from the Colorado River, was excavated in 1957 (Gunnerson, 1959), but contained Paiute shers only on the surface. There was no evidence ot structures at any site. Paiute artifacts were limited to the surface. Besides sherds, artifacts include basin metates, sandstone slab milling stones, circular bifaced manos and assorted points, scrapers and flakes. At three sites there were evidences of occupations previous to Paiute encampment. Hence, non-diagnostic materials could not be isolated.

Another confusing factor was the Paiutes' propensity for collecting for their o\vn use such artifaots as metates, pottery and possibly arrow points from Anasazi sites (Stewart, 1942).

Employing the direct historical approach, 38 additional Paiute sit9~ were located during the 1962 field season. Indian field informants included Tom M1x and Jimmy T~1can ot Richfield, and Dan Lehi and Jim Mike of White Mesa, south of Blanding. Yihite guides and informants included Joe Pollock and Edson Alvey of Escalante, and Vilate Hardy of La Verkin. Efforts were concentrated in the vicinity of Escalante and the Henry TTountains north of the Colorado River, and west of Blanding on the south side, Brief surveys were also conducted in -rrashington and i\ ayne counties. Complete coverage of any one of these areas was not intended; the plan was to sample for sites as directed by the informants, Of the 38 sites, 11 produced characteristic Paiute ware sherds. All other sites \,ere designated Paiute on the basis of chipped and ground stone and informant indentification. Sherds of other affiliation were collected from 10 of the sites.

TWenty-one sites were open camps without surface indications of structures. Locations favored for camping see!r. to have been of two general types.

Host preferred locations were on crests of small ridges or sand dunes; the second rank of preference was in clearings of the pinyon-juniper cover, usually in a draw or near the base of a cliff. Those near a cliff were not beneath sheltering overhangs, although the cliffs and draws pro~bly provided some pro1lectio'1 :"om the elements e Infol"mants remarked that such sites made ideal winteZ' (,2';'.;':;6,.

II

The most characteristic features of the more penaanent campa were basin milling stones (basalt), several unlined fire hearths and bone and stone debrio. t~ny of the juniper trees near camps were bare of branches; those near recently occupied sites were ax-aoarred.

Informants indicated that several of the purely li thlc ai tea were temporary hunting campa. Associated with many such oites were fiat sandstone Blab milling stones, VIi th very shallow pecked surfaces. Thes e were also round in the relatively permanent camps. Othe~ materials noted were sorapers, point tragments and unworked bone.

There were set"en ai tee at which evidences of brush shelters remained.

At three ot these, there were broken juniper 11mha and circular depressions in the ground surtace; at the remaining tour the poleo of the conical structures remained in place. Again, pOinte, scrapers, manos and mUling stones ot both ~es mentioned above were noted. Allot these sites laoked pottery, how~er. I~etal a nd glass were tound at one ot the locations, and $lso at several ot the open nonarchi tectural campa. Si tea occupied wi thin ~he 11tetime ot the intormants would, ot course, be expeoted to contain sueb materials.

Three burials, located through a lo~ white informant, were tecorded 1n the vicinity of Escalante. One was a 'badly die turbed shallow l:Jurlal at the base ot a juniper tree. The seoond burial, dating trom the poot-wb1te contact period, oontained twD individuald. The double burial, in , rook orevioe, contained a rifle, riding gear" a coiled basket, a brass buoket, 81aoB beads, and the skeleton of' a horae with a bullet hole 1n the brain ease. Atter the human and horse oorpsea had been plaoed in the crevice, the crevice was tilled with rooks and brush.

The third burlal was a100 reoent, as evidenced by metal objecta inoluding a trying pan, tin oup and wire hairbrush. This indirldual had been plaoed in a small wetla1d masonry storage oist (probably an Ansaazi cist) at the base of & sandstone outcropping along wi tb r1ding gear, personal belongings and a lump ot red pigment.

Other s1tes recorded inolude a slickrock slide (a play area)~ a piqyon nut roasting l'it, two dance and g_ing areas, a location tor gathering mineral paint and a winged antelope trap.

The antelope trap, on the /l.Vlapa Plateau, 30 mi. north ot Escalante, consists ot several alignments ot basalt rock stretching 3 to 5 mi. aoross the grassy plain. Three of the alignments converge to torm a oonstricted opening near the eastern edee ot the plateau. Near this opening are tour U-shaped rock structures, three of which are contiguous and lie in a straight line.

These apparently were the blinds trom 'Which the bunters fired at the antelope.

They were conatl'"uated ot basalt roeks, piled to a height of approximately

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tt~ at the curve ot the U and tapering to ground level at the rear ot the stru~t·J.y'e8~ Asoocia~jed ma·~e:rialf' inoluded chips and small pOints, unworked boue E:.nd an ar~·ow tlh~l 'i; Btl aightE':ner. '~he (:'.rp~d.:: ~ t ". CJr. of tt>e di:t'er-t :u.s tol"tc:a!. approach, the p1ctU!"e li·~ (U}1 u- ;;:i.on cl the CJ \": L~ Cr..n·1- f! ·.:'eg io!: 11ao become cle~.re:"". id ::-.J"eLt t.l~ " J f'.r...~:.' O~pr.i·i;~C: rc(;,e2..1:~;-" E1 nj ;·n;:..!.yai~' o·r mO' t.e)~ials and data will bo"':h ~.nc:re::1~E; c/ur k.10·N:"edec lind f;li.Clw 1m.' IDu;r e de::':t n::' r.iv e statements rega~ding

Th ::ough

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SOl~:~;1."'~n

P<.i.:I.u.'GfJ

Sou.thc:.l"n Paiute culture history and general Pa:l\lte culture patterns.

Gunne:':'50n, .James H" 19~9 195'1 E:,~('~vatione, Glen Canyon Area.l: Univers ity of Utah Anthro~l~i .. ai I.I~E' No. 43; 2!!,n Ca!1{o~. ~~,:,~,,~ 'Noo 10. Salt Lake City.

Heizer, Robert F,

1941

~e n1rect~HiBtorical

Ame~~~_A~~~qu1ty,

Approach in California Archaeology.

Vol. 7, No.2, Pt. 1, pp. 98-122 Salt Lake City.

Isa bel T. 1934 southern Paiute Bands. American Anthropologir.t, Vol. 36, No, 4, -------.....-.-

Kelly~

pp. 548-61.

stewarf.i s Omer

Lenaaha.

Call

'.94'. Oulture Element Dis~ribut:tonal XV!IIs; ute Southern Paiute~ Universi ty of Ca~ifo!n~a Ant~o'p'olo~ic~~~d6, Vol. 6, Noo 40. Berkeley_

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