Utah Statewide Archaeological Society Newsletter, Volume 11, Number 3, September 1965

\NOEXED September 1965

Volume 11, Nwaber 3

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Pict.ograph froD Parrish Canyon, Davis County

UTAH ARCHAEOLOGY is published quarterly by the UTAH STATEWIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Subscription is included in membership. Membership in the society is available from the secretary-treasurer at $2.00 per yeal·. Concspondence concern.ing the activities of the sor:iety should be directed to the president. All manuscripts and news items should be sent to: Utah Statewide Archaeology Society % Dept. of Antlu"opology, University of Utah.

UTAH STATEWIDE ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRESIDENT: F. K. Hassel, 906 Rancho Blvd., Ogden, Utah PRESIDENT-ELECT: George W. Tripp, 98 West 2000 South, Bountiful, Utah SECRETARY-Treasurer: Carol Hassel, 906 Rancho Blvd., Ogden, Utah ADVISOR: Dr. Jesse D. Jennings, Univ. of Utah Dept. of Anthropology, Salt Lake City, Utah EDIlORIAL CO~1MITTEE: Publication, C. Melvin Aikens, University of Utah Department of Anthropology, Salt Lake City, Utah; Distribution, George W. Tripp, 98 ~lest 2000 South, Bountiful, Utah.

EDITOR'S NOTES The lead article in this issue, "Alkali Ridge National Historic Landmark," is an eyewitness account by George W. Tripp (President-Elect of the USAS) of the dedication of Dr. J. O. Brew's Alkali Ridge Site 13 as a historic landmark of national importance. Dr. Brew excavated at Alkali Ridge from 1931 to 1933, and his report on these excavations, publiShed in 1946 as volume 21 of the Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology, is one of the classics of Southwe~t~rn Archeology. George represented the USAS at the ceremonies, and as a USAS representative helped to organize a banquet for the participants. For bringing credit to the society through his unselfish efforts, and entirely at his own expense, George deserves all our thanks.

The second article, on the USAS's exhibit at the Utah State Fair, is by George W. Tripp and Carol Hassel (Society-Treasurer of USAS). The exhibit was designed, executed, and tended while the fair was in session by members of the society from the Ogden, Salt Lake-Davis County, Cache Valley, and Utah Valley chapters. In addition to these members too numerous to ,mention by name, Alice Taylor of Ogden, because she is a non-member, deserves our special thanks for giving her time and talent as a commercial artist to themaking of the attractive banner advertising the display.

The third article, "Pictographs fr'om Parrish Canyon, Davis County, is by Dr. Grant Reeder (President of Salt Lake-Davis chapter).

Grant's article is an excellent example of the kind of contribution that members of the society can make in putting significant archeological features of the state on public record. There are many, many interesting sites in Utah that are apt to remain obscure forever, unless members of the USAS publish some record of them. Let's have ,more articles like Grant's!

Beginning in this issue, we have a new column called "Sherds: bits of this 'n that •.. " The impetus for establishing this feature, and the initial contributions, come from Norma Dalton (President of the Ogden chapter). Future material for the column is expected to come from the members of the society. Please read .the column, and note how easy it would be for you to tell a co~parable ancecdote from your own experience. Then write it out and mail it to your Publication editor.

Let's keep this feature alive!

The final item in this issue is Club News from the local chapters.

Your editors are most grateful to the club officers for sending in the news of their chapter's doings so promptly upon request.

ALKALI RIDGE NATIONAL HISlDRIC LANDl<lARK

by George \-J. Tripp .

On August 12, 1965, Alkali Ridge, Utan, site of Dr. J. O. Brew's 1931-33 excavations of Pueblo Indian village sites, became Utah's first National Historic Landmark. In public services held at Dr. Brew's faaous site 13, Daniel Beard, Regional Dirc:ctor of the Southwest Region of the National Park Service, presented the official Landmark certificate to Mr. , R. D. Nielson, Utah State D.i rector of the Bureau of Land Management. .

Among those attending the ceremony were archeologists fro m Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah. Dr. Jesse D. Jennings represented the University of Utah; Ray T. Matheny represented Brigham Young University; and Gordon Keller was present from Utah State University. Many prominent men from throughout Uta~ associated with the Bureau of Land Jl-ianagement were also present, as were San Juan County officials and several ~mbers of the Utah Statewide Archeological Society. , Alkali Ridge, where the cere[;).ony was 'held, is located approximately 25 miles southeast of Monticello, Utah. It can be reached by traveling south on Utah State Highway 47 frQta Monticello towards Blanding. About l8miles south of Monticello, turn east at the "Alkali Ridge" highway marker and travel east along good but unsurfaced county road for 10 miles to Alkali Ridge.

Highlight of the dedication c~remony was the ta~ given by Dr. J. O. Brew, who is currently the Director of Harvard University's Peabody J.v'l\lseum of ArCheology and Ethnology. Dr. Brew achieved national recogniti6n in the field of archeology for his excellent report of the excavations conducted on Alkaii Ridge in the early 1930's.

Dr. Brew credite d Dr. Byron Cunmings of the University of Utah a s be ing the first tc r e cognize the archeological importance of Alkali Ridge , and note d that he , along with Dr. A. V. Kidder, well known archeologist frel'll Harvard Univ rsity, was chiefly responsible for Dr. Bre w's chcosing this as an are a of study . . Dr. Brew estimated that San Juan County, from the point of the Abajc Heuntains southward to,the Arizona line, averages between 20 and 30 archeological sites p~r square mile. The fact that the Alkali Ridge area had been so densely populated by Pueblo Indians, and had not at the time of his work been seriously molested by "pot hunters," were the principal facters that led Dr. Brew to choose this area to study.

The stone mcnument erected by the Bureau of Land Management to mark the location of Alkali Ridge National Historic Landmark is located on Dr. Brew's site 13, where he excavated a Developme ntal Pueblo ruin ccntaining more than 200 adjcining ~ooms. In central open areas near the rJain structure, Dr. Brew's crew uncovered generalized circular structures differing in scme details frorlt the classic Pueblo kivas but at the sarJe time bearing enough similarities to these cerewonial structures to lead some archeologists to speculate thar it may have been on Alkali Ridge that the idea of the kiva was conceived by the Anasazi. Here Dr. Brew also identified black en red pueblo pcttery. Finally, .one .of the nost important things to come out of the work done at Alkali Ridge was the realization of archeologists, on the basis of evidence uncovered here by Dr. Brew's field party, that the Basketmakers and Pueblos, who up to this time had been felt by many authorities to be separate peoples, were actually the same people at different stages of cultural development.

UTAH STATE FAIR PROJECT UNDERTAKEN BY UTAH STATEWIDE ARCHEOLOLOGICAL SOCIETY

by George W. Tripp and Carol Hassel ,

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In an attempt to solicit public support and interest in our campaign to preserve Utah's archeological treasures, the USAS asked for and received from the Utah State Fair Board, permission to set up a display at the 1965 Utah State Fair which was held- in Salt Lake City from September 10-19. It was felt that we would be able to contact more Utah people during the Fair than by any other means at our disposal.

We were assigned space in the Science and Wining building, just west of the south entrance into the fairgrounds, and for more than a month members of the group hammered, sawed, and painted to bring our display into existence. Our booth was designed to introduce us to the people of Utah, many of - whom have never known we wxisted, and at the same time to educate these people in some aspects of archeology; Early in August Fran Hassel alerted his "troops" and put them to work. At times it looked as though we would fail to meet our assigned deadline, but the enthusiasm of the loyal troops triumphed, and when Miss Utah State Fair cut the ribbon to open this year's Fair, she found the USAS display ready and waiting.

Our display featured four 4 by 8 ft. panels. The first panel listed th~ objectives of the USAS. The second panel contrasted the types of information that may be gained from a controlled "dig"done under professional direction, with the results of uncontrolled "dig" done by untrained pot hunters. It pointed out that in an uncontrolled dig, knowledge (the most valuable asset of any archeological site) is sacrificed for artifacts of little or no intrinsic value, whereas in a controlled dig, a great deal of information is derived from the careful noting and recording of relationships yithin a site, above and beyond that furnished by the artifacts themselves. The third panel showed, through maps, the prehistoric cultures of Utah and their approximate dates, along with lists of each culture's characteristic traits; and the fourth attempted to ej:plain archeology in terms the layman could easily understand. In addition to the panels, a few artifacts loaned by the University of Utah Department of Anthropology were displayed in the booth.

The display panels are reproduced on the next page: J

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OUR

OBJECTIVES

'_J To bring together eve ryone interested in Utah Archeology. , To encourage the protection and preservation of Utah's antiquities.

To encourage the publication and dis~ribution of reliable information about Utah's archeological resources.

To stimulate and encourage public interest and appreciation of Utah's archeological and historical heritage.

To support the establishment of a Utah State Museum of Natural History in Salt Lake City and,local museums throughout the state of Utah.

To coop~rat e with responsible agencie s (Federal, State and private) with legitimate interests in archeology and related fields.

To assist on the Statewide Archeological Survey of Utah, by mapping, photographing. and reporting archeoloigcal sites (~iscovered in Utah.

To discourage the exploitation . of Utah's unique archeological r e sources by untrained collectors.

To publish regularly "Utah Archeo~ogy," the offical organ of the Utah Statewide Archeological Society.

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HELP PRESERVE UTAH'S PREHISTORY

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The figure at left represents a cross section of an undisturbed archeological site. ~ \<..~•••, • ' -,~. ~.' -...:.-- .............

Scientific excavation can yield the follow- I .~ " ' .:.::;L ing information and much more : dates and I . .. - -~~- sequence of occupations, living habits, : - ____ . ---.......... ' I __________________~ ~.~__~: and cultutal changes, religious customs , etc ;

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'The figure at right illustrates the ;damage caused by untrained excava'tion, or "pothunting." Knowledge, . h' f h ,t e most 1.IIlportant asset a te :site, is lost for the sake of a few ;artifacts of little or no value.

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Report sites, burials, caves, etc. to the Archeological Survey, Department of Anthropology, University of Utah

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OCCUPATIONAL PERIODS OF UTAH

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vlHAT IS ARCHEOLOGY?

Archeology i s the study of ancient peoples who left no written records.

Archeology informs us of these peoples': Economy subsistence ,trade & commerce . ,; ,~ :i Food preparation Trade ~y ~'!iJ' I With these milling Frags. of Obsidian tool Pacific \ ! 7stones prehistoric blank from American coast trade poti·, I ~ ' ~Utahns ground corn Falls, Idaho, found shell tery from and wild seeds to meal in Cache Valley found NE Ariz.

Hous ing Single family in S. Utah found near pit house of Boulder,Utah lvlulti-family the Anasazi . . culture~700 · A.D~pueblo Anasazi 1100 A.D., Johnson culture, Comb Canyon, Utah \Jash, Utah Re li gion These clay figurines and rock paintings served ); ,~ .... Jl. sacred ceremonial functions in Utah's Fremont ~ ~. .~ culture, 800 A.D. - 1200 A.D.

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We acknowl edge the gene rosity of Dr. Jesse D. Jennings and C. Melvin Aikens from the Department of Anthropology of the University , of Utah in helping us with the display. And while we are handing out roses, special thanks are also due to all those members of our society who worked in the display during the long ten days of the Fair. i As a result of their efforts, we have been able to contact many Utahns ·t we would otherwise never have been able to reach.

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PICTOGRAPI~

FROM PARRISH CANYON, DAVIS COUNTY b~

Grant aeeder, M.D.

To investigate a reported Indian inscription near Centerville, Utah, it was suggested that I contact Hr. Blaine hoss of Centerville.

Mr. Moss was very agreeable and helpful and guided me to the site, located in what he calied Parrish Canyon, less than a quarter mile from its mouth. The inscription is situated on a quartzite ledge on a vertical face protected by an overhang. This is on the north side of the canyon about 15 feet above the creek. The mural is about 15 feet long and the characters have been painted onto the stone face, some of them on the underneath side of the overhang. None of the characters are well preserved. All of them have deteri¡o rated, some showing only as splotches of pigment with little to indicate what the original configuration was. All o.f the characters are done in a red pigment. Most of them represent h~mans, a few portray animals, and a few are symbols with meaning or purpose not apparent to me. I counted 31 pigmented forms.

About six were deteriorated badly enough that they had no discernible form. The majority of the characters represented humans. The human forms all have broad shoulders, and quite large upper extremities. The trunks are triangular, tapering either to an apex or to a very narrow waist, with lower extremities that are small and much shorter than the arms. The figures all have headdresses, some of them quite elaborate.

Four of the figures (those which also have the most decorative headdresses) appear to be holding.hands. The human figures are the largest ones on the mural and are nearly uniform in size, measuring about 10 inches in height incl uding the headdresses, a.nd 3 inches in width at the shoulders.

The present poor condition of the inscription is probably a result of stream flow. There is evidence of silt deposit on the face of the ledge abo.ut 3 feet below the inscriptions. It is doubtful that the stream, in the seasonal runoff, rises high enough to be a problem; rather, the damage seems to be the result of sudden heavy precipitation such.as cloudbursts which drain down the deep narrow slot that is the mouth of the canyon. This probably occurs infrequently. Vandalism and willful destruction are possibilities but I could see no sign that they had occurred.

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SHERDS bits of this 'n that ••• Share an interesting archeology experience or an unusual artifact wit.h readers of the Newsletter. Do you have a question of an archeological nature? We will try to answer it in this column. Address correspondence to the Publication Editor: One From A Hill Some hills are to be leveled--at l~ast one in Cache Valley was in 1961. The next year, as the farmer used a plow, he turned up a beautiful pestle. It is 21! inches long and made from granite matel' iRl. We call it the Wanczyk Pestle, inasmuch as it is now in the po:;;s(~ ssion of Charles and Leah Wanczyk of Ogden. The farmer (and farm) 1 bles ~ight miles south of Logan.

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by Norma Dalton The Big Hunk After many miles the geological whit~ness of Alkali Ridge, Anthrio Hount.ain, can beco[J1;:: boring to a range-rider. Perhaps this is why Jerry Burdock, Duchesn~, took notice of a glassy black object lying n~ar th~ trail on the ground. As he stopped to pick it up he discovered it was a hefty pi~ce of black obsidian. It had been "worked" and fashioned into a hatchet-like object. It is definitely indented at th~ base where it may have been attached to a handle.

The middle part is quite thick tapering to a more slender blad~.

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by Norma Dal ton

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CLUB NEWS Cache Geological and Archeological Society Officers President: Clayton C. Nielson, Lewiston, Utah Vice-President: Oswell S. Clarke, Newston, Utah Secretary: Roland Mortensen, Trenton, Utah Historian: Gladys Hansen, 263 Lauralin Drive, Logan, Utah Meetings Time: 7:30 p.m., second Thursday of each month. Place: Employnlent Office, 446 North, 1st West, Logan, Utah ~

On July 8 Mr. Merrill Peterson presented the speaker of the evening. rLof ~ 990L Clyde Hardy, who showed some very beautiful pictures of the Alps and the Himalayas, and also some scen2S of the different kinds of city life he had seen in India and Nepal. He told of how the different mountains had been formed there, and of how the people lived in those countries. It was a very interesting evening.

In August, instead of the regular meeting, we held our annual canyon party up Logan Canyon. A very fine crowd attended, and an excellent supper was followed by a fine musical program.

The September meeting was well attended. Thirty-nine members and guests were present as Mr. Mark Checketts, a former club President, showed pictures of Indian cou~try from southern Utah. He also showed some Indian artifacts, and then instructed the club in how to use plastic and geul stones in the making of beautiful lights. Following Mr. Checketts, another former President, Mr. Lester Lowe, gave the group a few hints to assist theul in getting better results in cutting and polishing their gem stones. T~e concluding minutes of the meeting were turned to planning a rock collecting trip in the near future. The Secretary is to get in tduch with the field trip chairfr~n, and to notify all members as soon as a date and place can be set.

Ro'land H. Mort46nsen, Correspondent

Ogden Chapter, Utah Statewide Archeological Society Officers President: Mrs. Jerrold (Norrua) Dalton, 829 North 100 viest, Sunset,Utah Vice-President: Mrs. Ronald Fike, 1135 ~~xfield Drive, Ogden, Utah Sec.Treas.: !'irs. Charles (Leah) Wanczyk, 1260 Cross St., Ogden, Utah Meetings Time: 8:00 p.m., first Friday of each month. Place: At the home of one of the members News Monthly meeting, l~y 7, 1965: Mr. Merrill (Bud) Peterson met with us at the home of Doul and Veone Gale. He showed slides of the flpebble industry" of west-central Wyoming. Mr. Peterson had written an article, "A Percussion Industry of the ~'lyoming Desert" for the Newsletter in 1960, and we enjoyed seeing the artifacts and pictures of the area described.

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During the month of July our club members fr~quently visited the "Injun Creek" dig at Warren, and enjoyed watching the progress of the work done there by the University of Utah with the cooperation of the Weber County Commission.

August 6, 1965~ Color alides of the "Buttes," Nine Hile Canyon, taken by Jerrold and Norma Dalton, were seen at a well-attended meeting, at the home of Phil and Lillian Hansen.

Septer.lber 3, 1965: Nuch has been said in the Newsletter about Salt Creek (Canyonlands National Park), and we particularly enjoyed the slides Floyd Nemmot showed of that area. It was a pleasure to get to know Floyd and Carol Memmot at the home of Gary and Janice Parke.

We r e gret losing long-time members Howard and Anna Huffst8tler, who are moving to Challis, Idaho. Howard was club president in 1961. They assure us that they will continue to receive the Newsletter, and will keep in touch. Perhaps someday Howard's work will transfer them back to the Ogden area.

Norma Dalton, Correspondent Salt Lak e -Davis Cha ter Officers President:

Uta~~tatewide

Archeological Society

GrÂŁlnt Reeder, H.D., 1969 South Claremont Drive, Bountiful, Utah Afton Crawford, 829 \'Jest 1500 South, \'~oods Cross, Utah

SecretÂŁlry: Meeti.nM Time: 8:00 p.m., usually th~ fourth Thursday of each month; cards are mailE::d to members to remind them of r.1eetings. Place: Anthropology Huseum, Bldg. 411, University of Utah (Fort Douglas Annex).

News

Club meetings are not scheduled during the summer months.

We trie d to 'arrange a field trip for the chapter during the summer, but were unsuccessful in finding a date when all the IlH:orJbers could get together.

George Tripp, one of our membErs, and an officer in the Statewide organization, participated in the dedication rites conducted by the Bureau of Land Management at Alkali Ridge (near Monticello) in August. The information obtained from the studies

by Dr. Bre\( at Alkali Ridge added significantly to the understanding of the prehistoric cultures of the Southwest.

We don't have a report from all chapter members about their archeological activities during the summer, but there have been a few excursions by individuals. One was a quickie to see some

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reported pictographs (they are there!) in Parrish Canyon near Centerville. (Editor's note: the site is reported in this issue of the Newsletter). Plans are under way for a club field trip to Nine Mile Canyon tn the near future, and me~b~rs will be notified of the details as soon as they are work~d out.

Grant Reeder, M.D., Correspondent Utah Valley Chapter, Utah Statewide Archeological Society Officers President: G. Cloyd Krebs, M.D., 3353 North Cherokee Lane, Provo, Utah V:i.cp-Pn'sident: lo.'ayne Allred, 140 \Jest 200 South, LE:hi, Utah Secretary: Alma Banks, 217 East 800 North, Oreru, Utah Meetings Time: 7:30 p.m., fourth Thursday of each month.

Place:

variable.

News The Utah County archeological society had its first meeting of the year in September, 1964, with monthly meetings held thereafter.

Included in our roster of speakers have been Raymond Matheny of Brigham Young University, who discussed the Indian culture of Montezuma Canyon in southern Utah; Bruce Warren of Brigham Young University, who discussed arch801ogical finds in Mexico; and C. Melvin Aikens of the University of Utah, Departmerit of Anthropology, who reviewed the summer activities of his department and his work at the Snake Rock site in Salina Canyon. lJe have added three new families to our membership during this tiQe. The highlight of our year was an invitation to have a display in conjunction with the local gem and miqeral society in May, 1965.

This was a new venture for both societies, and I bE:lieve it had a very favorable response. This might be a suggestion for other clubs to use in spreading the work about the Utah Statewide Archeological Society and its work.

G. Cloyd Krebs, M.D., Correspondent St. George Archeology Club ,

Officers President: ¡Tom MacArthur, 794 East 300 South, St. George, Utah Mee tin~~

Tirile: Evening, fourth Sunday of each month. of one of the members.

Place:

At the home

News Things seem to move a little slowE:r in this part of the state, anyway as far as our club is concerned. ~e are late getting this

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letter 'to Mel but hope he' will find

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this Newsletter maybe for a future one.

It might be well to tell you just a little about our club.

At the present time we have 19 members and a few "honorary members," people who support us and are interested in furthering archeological kll()w]p(1ge but who. for one reason or another, are unable to att-pud regular meetings. Our membership is l~~de up of husband and wife teams. W~ enjoy the companionship of each other and the other members. We are in the process of inviting three new couples to join our club. vie have rather limited the membership because we meet in our homes and this limits the number that we can handle; we also like the friendships that develop in a smalll:!r group.

We l1l8et in our hQ[aes, once a month. vie have found that the fourth Sunday of each month meets our needs best, because in this smaller community it is hard to find any other time when we aren't involved in some other activity. One couple is the host couple for that evening and they are free to bring anyone or anything in that they feel can add something to the club meeting, such as a speaker, a musical number, slides, I:!tc. Each of the member is free to bring any artifacts he has found or any information along the line of archeology that he thinks will benefit the members. Since this part of the state is rich in artifacts, many of our members have very fine personal collections. Mr. and Mrs. Clare Paxman have a very outstanding collection. In fact Clare plans to add a room to his home to accommodate it. Clare not only has a very thorough system of displaying and cataloging his artifacts, but spends many hours studying and reading about archeology. He is an asset to our club.

For the past year we have been studying the book published by the National Geographic Society enti tied "The Indians of the Americas." Each P.lonth Mr. Eldon McArthur pr..::sents a few chapters of this interesting book to us. It has certainly helped us to understand and appreciate the ancient inhabitants of our continent.

At our March meeting this year Eldon reported to us on a lectur~ at Brigham Young University by Hugh Nibley, Ph.D., prGfessor of history and religion, Brigham Young University.

We try to have a field trip periodically since there are mony interesting placaes in this area archeology-wise. Some of the places we have visited in the past have been Hurricane Sands, Ruesch site, Three-Mile Site, Antelope Cave, Little ¡Creek Mountain, Ht. Trumball J and Tule Springs near Las Vegas, Nevada.

we have enjoyed the Newsletter and especially the Glen Canyon Travel ing Exhibit that we had in April, 1964. vJe hope to someday have a club museum here in Washington County.

Tom MacArthur, Correspondent

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Utah Archeology Department of Anth~' opology 11nivP..T:si.t.y of lTtah Salt Lake City. Utah 84112

Utah State Historical society 603 East South Temple Salt Lake City, Utah

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