Utah Statewide Archaeological Society Newsletter, Volume 21, Number 2, July 1975

th:AJtA~11MOUX?l A .N.EWSL"ÂŁffEJt

VOLU~E

21

NO. 2

Jl1. Y 1975

R.R8

utah Archaeology is distributed querterly to ell ...o.rs of the utah Stete.ide Archa.ological Society. All correspondence should be directed to the Editor. RuJean R. Brunson,' 1180 Elgin Avenua, Salt Leke City, Utah 84106.

VOLUME 21

NO. 2 UTA H

JULY 1975

ARCHAEOLOGY

NE\)5LE T1 ER UTAH STATEWIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1975-76

President • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • William Thompson Vice President • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Dean Caldwell Treasurer

o

•

•

•

•

•

• • • • • • • • • • Shannon Caldwell

Recording Secretary • • • • • • • • • • • •

Guida Herrick

Publications Committee • • • • Chairman, RuJean R. Brunson Rod Chapman EDITOR'S NOTE We are indebted to William D. Lipe and the Museum of Northern Arizona, and to R. G. Matson of the University of British Columbia for allowing to use their article on the Grand Gulch-Cedar Mesa area.

By studying the archaeology of one area, we can often draw a clearer picture of the story behind the archaeology of another area. The work of the archaeologist is to then piece together the relationships between the two.

CONTENTS Page 1

Archaeology and Alluvium in the Grand GulchCedar Mesa Area, Southeastern Utah

by William D. Lipe and R. G. Matson

Page 12 Page 12 Page 13

Walking Tour of Grand GUlch Announcement of the Annual Conference of the Utah State Historical Society--Antiquities Section Chapter News

Page 13

About the Cover

ARCHAEO~OGY

AND ALLUVIUM IN THE

GRAND GULCI-I- CEDAR ME.SA AREA SOUTHEASTERN UTAH by William D. Lipe Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff "and R. G. Matson University of British Columbia ,~

Since 1972 the authors have pursued

a study of archaeology and environment in

the Cedar Mesa-Grand Gulch region (see Figure 1, map of the ~rea) of southeastern utah (Lipe and Matson 1971 a and b; 1974; Matson and Lipe in press.)

This is a highland region averaging approximately 6500 feet elevation along its north-south divide, and sloping gentlyto the east and west. It is bounded by a ~teep escarpment on the south, where it overlooks the San Juan valley, and by the higher Elk Ridge to the north. Extensive canyon systems are entrenched into the Permian Cedar mesa sandstone of which the mesa is composed. The western side of the mesa is drained by Grand Gulch, which runs into the San Juan River, and the eastern side by a series of southeastward trending canyons that drain into Comb Wash, also a tributary of the San Juan.

The southern part of Cedar Mesa is drained by a series of shorter watercourses which run directly into the San Juan.

Because the area was too large to be completely eurveyed for archaeological sitGs, a sampling design was utilized.

The area was divided into twenty watershed units, and five of these were chosen for more concentrated study. The watersheds selected were Upper Grand Gulch f~om the 6800 foot contour line to the junction of Kane Gulch with Grand, Bullet Canyon, the north branch of Road Canyon, the Hardscrabble area drained primarily

by Polly's Canyon, and the western portion of the Johnts Canyon drainage (Fig. 1) •

Within these units four-hundred meter USA S NEWSL ETTER

quadrants were selected at random, and all archaeological sites falling within them were studied on a surficial basis, and test excavations were carried out in some. Considerable environmental infoImation on soils, physiography, and vegetation was collected.

' ~quare

Even though most of the watershed units were named for the canyons that drained them, these entrenched canyons comprise a relatively small proportion of the wat" ershed units from which data will be presented here, the percentage of area occupied by the entrenched canyons ranges from approximately seven percent in the Upper Grand Gulch and Hardscrabble units to approximately 15 percent in the North Road unit.

Because of the relatively small areas occupied by the canyons, only a few of the study quadrats fell entirely or partially in them in each of the watershed units. Yet it was felt that the environmentally distinctive canyons must have been important to the prehistoric occupants of the region, and that they were perhaps used in ways different from the mesa tops. The 'only permanent surface water supplies are found in the canyons.

They have a different and greater variety of plant resources than do the mesa tops.

Some have alluvial soils$ There are many dry ledge and alcove shelters and rainfall is concentrated by runoff from the walls and ledges and by floods coming down the cany~~ floor. In canyons having stable or agg~ading alluvium, such floods would spread out over these soils, making them attractive locations for farming< Page 1

- ~ ::

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.

Crossing

. I

5 T U D Y

A REA S

N

W+E

1- Upper Grand

...L- Bullet '

.'

3- No:t'th Road 4- West Johns 5- Hardscrabble

S

FIG U R E

Page 2

1 --

~ ~

Map of Cedar Mesa Area

USAS NEIAISLETTER

GRAND GUlCH--CEDAR MESA (Continued) Furthermore, because of the abundance of dry ,shelters, presorvation of struc_ tures and perishablo artifacts is exceptionally good, making the canyon sitos generally more rewarding to study surficially than the mesa top sites.

For these reasons it was decided to collect data from tho canyon environments at a highor intensity than tho quadrat survey had provid~d for the water shed as a whole. Consequently, the entrenched canyon parts of the five units were surveyed completely, and all sitos encountered wo'r e rocordop. From these invento~les, £ sample of sites was chosen for fuller st'udy. in addition, in the: fall of 1974, all of the late Pueblo I! and Pueble III sites (circa AD 1000-1270) in a part of Grand GUlch werG intensively mapped and stUdied, and all preserved wood was cored for dendrochronological dating.

sequence in the area. The results of the research so far indicate that both the canyon and mesa top environments shared a similar sequence of occupations and abandonments, but with somewhat different emphasis. Briefly, the area was initially occupied in the early years A.D. by Anasazi (ancestral Pueblo Indian) peoples of the Basketmaker II stage.

They appear to have been both parttime farmers and hunters and gatherers who made no pottery. At a few of their sites, shallow pithouses appear, but most could be characterized as camps. The mesa top sites are concentrated on the thin soils near the rims of canyons. In the canyons the Basketmaker II people made substantial use of dry shelters for storage, burial of the dead, pictographs, and probably ~eas­ ona1 habitation. Open camp sites also occur.

Between 500 and 700 A.D., the Anasazi This special Grand Gulch study covered culture in the area can be characterized as in the Basketmaker III stage. By this Upper Grand Gulch from utah Highway 95 (approximately the 5800 feet contour line) time, pottery had appeared, and there prob· ably was increased dependence on agricultot-he Kane Gulch entry, and continued : ture, indicated by a shift in settlement int.o the middle part of Grand Gulch to a on the mesa tops to the deeper soils near point approximately 6.6 kilometers down stream from Kane. bata from these studie the divides. A substantially greater are still under analysis, and the find. proportion of the sites recorded have a ings discussod below ara $till quite pre- pithouse, indicating increased sedentism. liminary. They may be subject to some There is evidence that the canyon environchange. ments were used in the 8asketmaker II! poriod, especially tho largor south-facIn conjunction with these studies of ing shelters. A few open pithouse sites canyon archaeology and environment, Larry have been noted in Grand Gulch. It is our Agenbroad (Chadron state College) is map- impreSSion that 8asketmaker III canyon ' ping and studying the alluvium of the sites are most common in the alluvial canGrend Gulch canyon system (Agenbroad 1974 yon arGas, but this has not yet been ft~d in this volume)~ Later in this paper tested quantitatively. preliminary findings are reported on the Basketmaker III sites are conSistently relationships between the prehistoric rarer than sites of the preceding_period, Pueblo II-IIp· oc'cupation of the canyon and by about 700 A.D. (i.e., the start of ~ystems and the alluvial soils there. Of the Pueblo I period), the Cedar Mesa the drainogas under study, Grand Gulch region seems to have been largely abanhas alluvium most of its length, while doned.

Causes of this abandonment have Bullet Cenyon has allUvial deposits 1n not been firmly identified, but a climatits lower ,rDeches. The canyons of the ic relationship is suggested by the treeNorth Rond, West Johns, and Hardscrabble ring record from Natural Bridges National units have little or no alluvium.

Monument at the north edge of the mesa. ~s an introduction to this examination The 700's show the most conSistently narof archaeological-alluvial relationships, row growth rings in any century in the we will briefly reviow the archaeological record, suggesting persistent drought USAS NEWSLETTER

Page 3

Kilometers 16 24 32

Kane Wash

: 48 55 64 72 ·80 88 9_6-,

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NUMBER . OF

PUEBLO I I 8nd PUEBLO III SITES

,8

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NUMBER 36

OF PUEBLO STRUCTURES

34 '32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10

8 6

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FIG U R E 2

Page 4

Comparison of reconstructed area of T2 alluvium and evidence of Pueblo II-III occupation in a 17.6 kilometer segment of Upper end Middle Grand Gulch. Date,ere plotted as overlapping 800 meter totels ' centered on 200 meter intervals.

USAS NEWSLETTER

GRAND GULCH--CEDAR MESA (Comtinued) conditions. Since Cedar Mesa is environ. mentally marginal for farming peoples, ollJing 1;0 the fact that annual precipitation is from about 10 to 13 inches, depending on location and elevation, drought conditions would have made the ar ea \f~=)r:y unattractive. Sites very probab~ ly dating to the 700'9 are quite abundant a few miles to the northeast on the hi.gher rUlk Ranch Point (Fig. 1), and in the b:::oad valley of Comb Wash, which drains a large highland area. Whether or not the abandonment can be related to a possible dtought in the 700's, it persist ed well beyond this time, . until approx~ matsly A4D. 1000.

occupied by a single nuclear or small extended family. seem to have been the norm. The Pueblo II-III settlement pattern on the mesa top indicates a concentration on the deeper soils away from the canyon rims, as in the earlier Basketmaker III period. The canyons seem to have been more heavily utilized at this time than previously, although more data need to be analyzed before this point can be substantiated quantitatively.

It is the authors' impression, subject to testing against the data, that the sites dating to the l200,'s, are mot'e concentrated in the canyons than are the sites dating to the 1000's and 1100's.

Sites of defensive nature make their. appearance during the Pueblo occupat i on and also are probably most common in the latest part of the period. Th ese s ite s are most commonly on high l ed ges i n th e canyons, but some occur on prominences on the mesa top.

Greatest Occupation in 1100's Occupation increased from that time and probably peaked in the 1100's or early l200路s. Tree-ring date$ obtained eo far from the area, princippally from the s;,sltared canyon sites, indicate there 1IjF'j~ a strong building period in the canyons i.n the early ' 1100's, a low point of building in the late lIDO's, some buildinl;) in the early l200's, and a substantj.~l spurt of construction in the 1250's and early 1260's, apparently just before the area was abandoned by the Anasazi, thi~ time for good.

Agenbroadts work indicates that the T2 alluvial surface was mars or less stable throughout this occupation sequence, at least from Basketmaker II through the Pueblo III period. Sites of Basketmaker III through Pueblo III age appear on or in the top two or three feet of the T2 1 fill.

Sometime during the latter part of During this occupation period of per- J the Pueblo III occupation, or following hapa A.D. 1000-1270, the Anasazi can be ,' abandonment, the T2 surface was cut by an chi'Jracterized as being in the late Pueblo arroyo which subsequently filled with T1 .

H路路Pueblo III period. They are likely material. It is hoped that further . studdBscGndants of the earlier occupants of ies of both the archaeological and geo- . tho :::1'sa who had moved elsewhere for a logical evidence will result in precise f 81., centuries. enough dating of these events to .determine whether or not the T2 alluvium was In mare favored locations, this was a arroyo cut before the final路abandonment time i ~ which large multi.room pueblo of the area bW the Pueblo III Anasazi.

Gli.' GlIJ.i; l :;jS were becoming increasingly comIf it was, it may have been one factor in mem ., In the environmentally marginal that abandonment.

Ct~cbr rrII3Si-I ..... Grand Gulch region, however, The area of alluvial soils In the Cesi~;es remained small.

A few sites of dar Mesa--Grand Gulch region Is very eppr.oximately thirty structures occur in small, however, relative to the ares of G~and Gulch and in some of the other canupland or mesa-top soils which are largeyons. Many of these structures were devoted to storage, however, and others are ly of aeolian derivation. There was ceremonial rooms or kivas. Evan at these . abundant Pueblo II and Pueblo III occupation on the mesa tops and in the canlarger Sites, the population numbered a yons lacking significant amounts of alfmu tens at most. Elsewhere In the region small "unit pueblos," or homesteads, luvium. Hence the ell uvial soil resourcI

I

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Page 5

ARTIFACTS PER QUADRANT

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FIGURE FOUR;

Amount of Anasazi occupation through time in five w~ter~ shed units, arrElngEld along an environmentEl1 gradient from highest and moistest (Upper Grand) to lowest and driest (Hardscrabbls).

Figure Four has more ' tables continued on §ge 11.'

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U.S.A.S. NEWSLETTER

GRAND GULCH--CEDAR MESA (Continued) es of the region could not have been cri~ical for the entire Pueblo III population, and probably not even for a very large fraction of it. EVen if our hypothesis 18 correct, and the canyons became more 1mpprtant focii of occupation toward the end of Pueblo III times, preliminary data suggest that the latest occupation was not in ordinately focused on the canyons having alluvial fills. In fact, some of the latest sites so far dated by dendrochronology of this region are from canyons lacking significant alluvium.

Even though the alluvial soils may not have been a critical resource for a large part of the Pueblo II--Pueblo III occupation of the region, our data indicate that the canyon areas having T2 alluvium were in fact more attractive than the canyons lacking this fill.

In an attempt to describe some of the relationships of the archaeological occupetion to these alluvial soils, we calculated, from Agenbroad's alluvial maps, the area originally occupied by T2 In the 17.6 kilometer stretch of Grand Gulch for which we had a complete archaeological inventory. Because most of the earlier sites of the Basketmaker II and III per~ lods had been built OVer by later Pueblo occupants, making them more difficult to detect and characterize, we confined this initial study to the Pueblo II and Pueblo III sites.

Figure 2 presents a comparison of the area of alluvium in segments of Grand Gulch with the amount of pueblo 11--111 occupation. Although the correlation is not strong, it does appear that there is a definite relationship. In general, the number of sites and structures are greater in areas having greater amounts of alluvium and smaller in areas having lesser amounts of alluviume If one compares the size of sites in overlapping one kilometer segments of the canyon having more than 57,000 square miles of allUVial surface with one kiloel! meter segments having lesser amounts, the d ~ ffer8nc89 in site sizes are significant at the .02 level. At about the junction USAS NEWSLETTER

I of Kane Wash with Grand Gulch, the average size of sites is substantially greater as measured by number of structures. This is perhaps because below Kane, the canyon is both fully entrenched and somewhat broader. The occupation of Upper Grand Gulch, above Kane, may be oriented to the mesa top, as well as the canyon bottom.

In other words, some of the sites in Upper Grang Gulch may be storage facilities, outlying shelters used seasonally by farmers, etc., related to main habitation sites built outside the canyon. In the broader, more deeply entrenched part of the canyon, however, it is more likely that the main sites as well as peripherel facilities are located in the canyon and oriented toward the alluvial soils of the canyon bottom. The small amount of unsystematic survey data we have for Grand Gulch below the point where the intensive survey stopped suggests that there may be substantial areas of the canyon where Pueblo II-III sites are sparse even though the alluvial exposure is relatively large.

This may just be an artifact of an inadequare survey. In any case, it suggests a need for further study.

Figure 3 compares data from the 17.6 kilometer segment of Grand Gulch with Our survey data from two canyon systems-North Road and Hardscrabble--which lack alluvial fills, except fro very small patches scattered here and there. In all measures of site size, permanence, and density per unit area, Grand Gulch outranks both North Road and Hardscrabble.

In .other words, in Grand Gulch there are more sites per linear kilometer, as measured along the stream trace on the canyon floor, and per square kilometer of canyon area, and these sites tend to be larger and to include in more places, dwelling rooms indicative of habitation.

Because the mesa top areas surrounding the surveyed segment of Grand Gulch are slightly higher and moister than the mesa top surroundings of North Road and substantially higher and moister than the Hardscrabble area, it might be thought that the statistics presented in Page 7

GRAND GUL CH--CEDA R MESA

(Continued)

studied, and has a predominantly southwestern exposure. Its soils are generally quite thin, and in many places have been deflated by wind action. Open flats of blackbrush and grasses, or sage and grasses dominate. Groves of pinyon and juniper are sparse. Annual precipitation is probably about 10 inches.

Figure 4 demonstrates that in Pueblo II¡ Pueblo III times, the intensity of Pueblo occupation~ as measured by quantities of artifacts per 400-meter quadrat, decreases sharply along an environmental gradient from Upper Grand Gulch, which receives most precipitation, through Bullet, North Road, and West Johns to Hardscrabble which receives the least.

The canyon data from Grand Gulch, North Road and Hardscrabble, when arranged along the same gradient, suggest (with number of sites and structures as measures of occupational intensity instead of numbers of artifacts) that the cultural gradient is less severe in the canyons. In other words, a dropoff in site density does occur as one moves from GrandGulch and North Road canyons to Pollys Canyon which drains Hardscrabble, but the dropoff is not so pronounced as in the overall watershed data, which largely reflect the mesa top sites.

Moving from site density to the data on site size and numbers of habitation Sites, it is evident that the gradient for these variables steepens as one moves from the Grand Gulch--North Road on the one hand to Hardscrabble on the other.

The virtual absence of habitation sites in Hardscrabble, both in the canyons and on the mesa top, squares with an interpretation of this area es having been used primarily for hunting, gathering 9 storage, and other limited activities by the Pueblo II-III peoples, who had their main habitation sites in the agriculturally more favorable parts of the mesa.

In the more favored areas of Grand Gulch and North Road, the fact that site densities are lower in the canyons is somewhat surpriSing until it is noted that the canyons are predominantly bedPage 8

USAS NEWSLETTER

GRAND CULCH--CEDAR MESA (Continued) greater for the alluvial than for the masa-top so11s.

rock and talus, with a few areas of colluv 101 ~nd eol~an soils, and a few areas of alluvium. The mesa tops have far larger a~888 of potentially arable soils, provided enolJsh water reaches them from direct rai.nfall\l' from slope wash, or in runoff dOllln shallow drains or washes. The amount of aci: llt:l 11 y arable soil per square kilometer of mesa top was probably greater, on the average, during the Pueblo II-III period, than the amount of actually arable soil in the canyons.

In summary, alluvial soils probably represent a very small fraction of both the actually and potentially arable soils of the Cedar Mesa-Grand Gulch region during the Pueblo II-III occupatWn. Most of the people in the area were probably spending most of their time on the mesa rather than in the canyons, and the conclusion seems inescapable that farming was predominantly on the mesa top, accomplished probably by both flood-water and dry farming techniques. The canyons presen ted environmental features attractive to the Anaaazi, including springs, dry shelters, more defensive locations, and a greater diversity of vegetation.

Canyons having alluvium, such as Grand Gulch, se~m clearly to have baen more attractive for occupation than non-alluvial canyons entrenched in similar mesa top environments, . such as North Road.

The fact that the Grand Gulch canyon area h88 substantially greater evidence of occupation than does the North Road canyon SUgg8Sts that alluvial soils were Bought after as arable land. The occupatio~ in North Road is probably primarily o:,:,i,ented to farming that took place on the mesa top, whereBs the Grand Gulch sites ara probsbly oriented both to the canyon bCl¡i::1:.om and to the mesa~ The data in FigU~G 3 suggest that a greater proportion of the North Road canyon occupation repres(-ir;i;s limited activity, special purpose uses sllch as storage and defense than is th~ c~se in Grand Gulch. The sites are smaller and habitation structures are less frequsnt. Comparisons of the frequencies of habitation sites between mesa top and canyon situntions cannot yet be made very precisely, because we have not made a firm separ.at:i.on of the mesa top sites into ha~itation and non-habitation classes.

There ara some indications that as the Pueblo occupation drew to a close, perhaps because of droughts in the l200's, the canyon environments became more important to the Anasazl. If this is so, and if arroyo cutting occurred in alluvial situations during the early or middle . l200¡s this destruction of alluvium would probably have contributed to the final abandonment of the area. It is ver~ unlikely, however, that arroyo-cutting by itself was the primary cause of this abandonment.

A preliminary study of the Upper Grand Gulch and Bullet Canyon quadrat data suggoet, however, that the mesa tops in these er8~S have a lower density of habitation 8t~uctu~es than does the Grand Gulch canDEFINITIONS yon. It thus appears that the conjunction of alluvial soils a~d a deep canyon setting was an environmental situation favor- I ALLUVIUM, Sa~d, clay, etc. gradually deposited by moving water, as along ad by the Pueblo II-III Anasazi of the 1 a river bed or the shore of a lake.

Cadell' Mesa-Grand Gulch region.

We would pt'8dict that if one could plot the amount . (if' ectuaJ.ly a~able mesa top soil per \ COLLUVIUM: Rock fragments, sand, etc. that accumulate on steep slopes or s~u:-).~~ kiJu~:ter and the a~ount of canyon at the foot of cliffs. allu~1al S01~ psr square k1lometer, and then look at measures of occ~pational inQUADRAT: A sampling plot, usually one tensity (e.g~, site density or site size) square meter, used to study and analin thns8 same spatial units, that the inyze plant or animal life; in this c);' e:;' 98 of cuJ. t ural rna t erial with th e incase, human habitation. crease in area of arable soil would be

1-------------------- -_....

I

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Pags 9

REFERENCES CITED Agenbroad, Larry, 1975, "The Alluvian Geology of Upper Grand Gulch, Utah: Its Relationship to Anasazi Inhabitation of the Cedar Mesa Area," in Canyonlands Country, Four Corners Geological Society Guidebook.

Lipe, William and Matson, R. G., 1971s, "Human Settlement and Resources in the Cedar Mesa Are"a, S. E. Utah, II in The Distribution of Prehistoric Population Aggregates, edited by George J. Gumerman. ~ r es co t~ Col 1ege Anthropol ogi cal Re ports 1:126-51. _ __ __ _ , 1971b p "Prehistoric Cultural Adaptation in the Cedar Mesa Region, Southeastern Utah." Proposal submitted to the National Science Foundation. 84 pages, appendices. _ _ _ _ _- , 1974, Ii Prehistoric Cultural Adaptatidn in the Cedar Mesa Region, Southeastern Utah." Continuation proposal submitted to the National Science foundation. 119 pages, appendices.

MEltson, R. G. and Lips, William D. In press. IIRegional Sampling: A Case Study from Cedar Mesa. Southeastern Utah." In Archaeologi ca l Sa.mplin g, edited by James Mueller; University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.

---------FIG U R E 3 --

Comparison of Pueblo II-III occupation of Grand Gulch, North Road, and Hardscrabble areas.

Alluvial Sites structures H<lbitation sites structures per site Sites with 6 Or more structures Line<lr canyon kilometers Sites per linear kilometer Structures per linear kilometer H<lbi tation sItes per linear kilometer Sites having 6 or mors structures per linear kilometer Canyon area surveyes, square kilometers Sites per squ<lre kilometer structures per square kilometer Habitation sites per squarekilometer Sites having 6 04 more structures per squ<lre kilometer Quadrat survey: sites per square kilometer

Pa ge 10

Hard scrabble (Polly's)

Grand Gulch

North Road

Yes 59 199 28 3.4 10 17.4 3.4 11.4 1.6

No 28 70 10 2.5 4 12.8 2.2 5.4 .8

No 20 38 7 1.9

5.9 9.9 33.7 4.7

.3 3.0 9.4 23.6 3.4

.1 2.3 8.7 16.5 3.0

1.7 14.4

1.3 13.8

.4 1.8

.5

1

14.4 1.4 2.6 .5

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1 1 5

FIGURE FOUR.

(Continued from Page 6.)

Amount of Anasazi occupation through time in five watershed units, arranged along an environmental gradient from highest and moistest (Uppal' Grand) to lcwest and driest (Hardscrabble).

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USAS NEWSLETTER

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Page 11

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0 H N S

GRAND GULCH

[))oJk lfL! gouJuj) All of those who have the good fortune to walk Grand Gulch are agreed that it is a wonderful wilderness experience. The canyon is noted for its unspoiled beauty so far from civilization. Access into Grand Gulch is strictly by foot--no vehicles are allowed, and, in fact, it might be quite an undertaking to get one into it.

Awesomely huge cliffs tower above a narrow crevice carved by the cottonwood lined stream in -the bottom of the canyoQ. Here and there are the ruinings of dwellings and granaries and the numerous rock writiflgs of people who dwellt thD1to conturies ago.

It must have been heaven to those prehistoric people. How they must have hated to leave it when drouth or floods deprived them of their food supply!

The Salt Lake--Davis Chapter had as its speaker in May, 1977, a young man whose greatest pleasure in life is walking Grand Gulch.

King Hastings, a bio-chemist at Wever state College in Ogden, Utah, showed a slide show on "The Rock Art of Grand Gulch."

King loves the canyon so much that he has organized his own business, Utah Foot Tours, so that he can visit the area more often.

He conducts tours for backpackers during the months of April, May and June and September and October.

UTAH STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY

SEPTEMBER 16th, 1977 Friday 7:00 P.IYI. PLACE.

Fort Douglas Building 100, Soldier Circle

FEEl

$2.00 which entitles one to attend a Folklore Section, History Section and tour of Fort Douglas on Saturday, Sept. 17th.

FOLKLORE SECTIONI

Saturday, Sept. 17

9:00 A.IYI. Post Theater on stover Street HISTORY SECTION:

Saturday, Sept. 17

10:00 A.IYI. Building 31--next to museum on Potter Street GUIDED TOUR OF FORT DOUGLAS: Saturday, Sept. 17

3: 30 p. M. EVERYONE IS INVITED TO ONE OR -ALL OF THESE DOINGS.

For further information write or call: KING HASTINGS Utah Foot Tours Liberty, Utah 84310 The trips last five days. Cost is $300.00 and does not include the cost of food.

His phons is: Home: 1-745-3460 Weber College: 1-399-5941 ext. 612 Page 12

USAS NEWSLETTER

CHAPTER NEWS

cf::tfuJnr011

BASIN CHAPTER

Shannon Caldw811--Reporter Our February mesting was held at the home of Ron and rylari< Vance with all members present.

Reed and Lillian Bowthorpo have made 21 trip to the Millard area. Dean Caldwell and Kevin Sybrowsky made 21 trip to the Wendover area. Keith and Rose GrOves were surface hunting and S~~'i~A09 j+lo-SQ.lJoth.8o~O. ~ah ~n! the • Green River area. Jay and Hazel Rogers areplanniilg a trip to the Beaver Bottoms.

The weather was beautiful and they all found some very nice artifacts.

PERSONAL NOTES Congratulations 8re in order to Harris Salisbury and Linda Eastman who tied the knot in August. Everyone in the U.S.A.S. wishes you a full measure of happiness.

ABOUT THE COVER The petroglyph on the front covor is found in Cottonwood Canyon, a tributary of l\line-Milo Canyon which is noted for its gr ea t number of f i ne ~e tr oglyphs.

The gly ph appa~ 8n t l y r ep r esent s a hunt i ng scene , wi th 8 large he r d of mo un ta i n s heep ( note the little lambs). On e has been sl a i n and archers ha ve their bows drawn ready to shoot more. a ' photo by Frank Beckwith. It was taken from a photograph i n "The Rock Art of Utah, from the Don al d Scott Collection"

by Polly Schaafsma.

Cover drawing was done by RuJean Rogers Brunson.

-m~\nl°f o °1"li:1S °btJEjtr>od~wn f'~om

USA S NEWSL ETT ER

CHAPTE R RuJean R. Brunson--Reporter The Salt Lake--Davis Chapter members enjoyed 21 stoak fry and potluck supper at the home of William and Veona Thompson in August. Everyone enjoyed hot corn on the cob while reminiscing about summer outings and planned; future get-togethers.

The SL-DC was invited to join with the Tooele Gem SociErG'y: tin a field-t-np-oin June, 1977, to an area ° in the mountains east of Tooele, ;Utah, which will soon bo the site of a mill planned for construction soon by Anaconda Copper Corporation to serve its new Carr Fork copper opera~ tion. The group had permission to search the area for archaeological signs and artifacts. Previously the Brigham Young University Archaeology Department had done a salvage survey of the area and rsmordod its findings. A fairly large group turned out in spite a steady drizzle of rain which continued all oday. 1\ number of finds were reported (including a diamond ring, which turned out to belong to Ruth Moon!).

O

In July the SL-DC was again invited to join with the Tooele Gem Society, which had received special permission (through the efforts of Fred Sorenson) to have a field trip on the grounds of the Tooele Army Depot.

Little was found in the way of artifacts, but the group members were successful in finding and photographing a large petroglyph which had been rumoured to be on the Depot. : ' II

BILL THOMPSON NOW HAS HIS CASTINGS FROM NINE-MILE CANYON Weber College has made the castings in plaster from the molds that Bill Thompeon helped to make in Nine-Mile Canyon in July 1976. Bill has artfully painted them and has them hung in his living room and on his patio.

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I'\JE w'5L fT T ER UTAH STATEWIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Editor:

RuJonn R. Brunson 1180 Elgin Avonuo ~61t Luko City, Utah

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