2014 Community Indicators Report

THE 2014

COMMUNITY INDICATORS

REPORT

United Way of Racine County www.unitedwayracine.org

United Way of Racine County

Message from the President

As United Way works to improve lives and create long-lasting change, accurate and up-to-date data becomes increasingly important. For more than a decade, United Way of Racine County has published the Community Indicators Report to inform the community of the assets and needs in Racine County.

The report provides a community snapshot that highlights United Way’s focus areas of education, income and health — the building blocks for a good life. When possible, information for the city of Racine, western Racine County, the state, and the nation are included for comparisons. Much like United Way Worldwide’s Charting a Course for Change, which is referenced throughout this report, the data presented in this document will allow United Way and a number of other organizations in the community to measure progress, as well as to identify emerging priorities that demand attention.

While data is critically important to creating a collective impact strategy, we do not have to allow ourselves to be defined by it. The Community Indicators Report was created to inform, not to indict. Rather, community leaders, decision makers and organizations can use this report as a guide to address the challenges facing Racine County. We must remember that we all have a role to play in creating a thriving community. Only together can we make change happen. That is what it means to LIVE UNITED! Sincerely,

Rodney Prunty President United Way of Racine County

Key findings Education

Income

Health

These indicators provide a view of student achievement and educational attainment across Racine County.

• The percent of local residents with a high school diploma and higher level of education has increased from 50 percent in 1970 to almost 90 percent in 2012 for Racine County as a whole.

• High school graduation rates for students who receive their diplomas within a four-year period (9-12 grades) are showing a slight upward trend.

• Of those students taking the American College Test (ACT), only about half are considered “college ready” in reading or math based on ACT benchmarks.

These indicators focus on financial stability and provide an economic profile of the people of Racine County.

• Poverty rates continue to climb, particularly in the city of Racine, which is nearly double the poverty rate for the state of Wisconsin.

• Though Wisconsin ranks lower among most states in terms of “food hardship,” the number of Racine County FoodShare recipients has more than quadrupled since 2000.

• Unemployment rates are trending downward. However, the rate for city of Racine residents remains much higher than state or national levels.

These indicators affect the entire development process of an individual and a community.

• Infant mortality rates have continued to drop since 2006 for African American, Hispanic and white mothers, but the rate for African American mothers still remains about three times higher than mothers of other racial or ethnic groups.

• Smoking tobacco continues to be 10 times more likely than alcohol or other drugs to contribute to or serve as an underlying cause of death by substance abuse.

• In terms of safety, crime, domestic abuse, and child neglect, rates are trending downward.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

i

People in Racine County Understanding the demographics of Racine County is helpful when reviewing this Community Indicators Report. The most recent population estimates are 195,041 for Racine County and 78,303 for the city of Racine. Racine County’s population increased by about 20,000 people from 1990 to 2010, with little increase in the past few years. Ninety percent of people at least one year old living in Racine County were living in the same residence the previous year. About 25 percent of the population was under 18 years and 14 percent was 65 years and older; approximately 12,335 people are over age 75. The median age for the county is 39.5 and 33.1 for the city.

Racine County Population by Age Age

1990

2000

2010

2013

0-17

48,621

50,951

48,644

47,785

18-44

71,952

72,150

65,921

63,193

45-64

33,371

42,497

54,911

56,757

65+

21,090

23,233

26,034

27,306

Total

175,034

188,831

195,510

195,041

Tracking trends in population by race/ethnicity is complicated since U.S. Census definitions have changed over the past few decades–sometimes from year to year–and the data is self-reported. The major racial classifications for self reporting include White, Black or African American, American Indian or Native Alaskan, Asian and other. Ethnicity is reported as a separate category as is the case for Hispanic/Latino. Estimates based on the most recent census and household surveys indicate that for people reporting one race alone: 84 percent were White; 11 percent were Black or African American; one percent were American Indian and Alaska Native; one percent were Asian; less than 0.5 percent were Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and three percent were some other race. Three percent reported being of “two or more races.” Twelve percent of the people in Racine County reported Hispanic/Latino heritage. This results in 74 percent of the people in Racine County being considered “White non-Hispanic.” Ninety-five percent of the people living in Racine County were native residents of the United States; 73 percent of these residents were born in Wisconsin.

2013 Industry Snapshot The majority of Racine County’s residents are employed in the manufacturing, education & health services and trade, transportation, utilities industries. From 2012 to 2013, there was an increase in employment in the construction, trade, transportation, utilities, and financial services industries, and a significant decrease in the professional and business services industry.

0.5%

3%

3%

5%

Natural Resources & Mining Construction

10% 26%

Manufacturing Trade, Transportation, Utilities Information Financial Activities Professional & Business Services

21%

Education & Health Services Leisure & Hospitality

19% 8%

4% 0.5%

Source: American Community Survey 2012/2013 Estimates, US Census Bureau. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ii | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

Other Services Public Administration

Table of Contents

EDUCATION

Enrollment ......................... 4 • By Level of School • Children in Poverty • Children with Disabilities Educational Attainment...... 7 • All Levels • High School and Higher Student Achievement: Academic Tests.................. 8 • WSAS Reading • WSAS Math Student Performance and Behavior........................... 9 • Retention • Suspension High School Graduation.... 10 • 4-Year Rates • Legacy and Dropouts Student Achievement: ACT Assessment.................... 12 • ACT Results • College Readiness Future Plans..................... 13

United Way of Racine County

INCOME

HEALTH

Poverty............................. 16 • Individuals and Families • Rates

Low Birth Weight Babies... 26

Food Hardship.................. 18 • Hardship Rates • Supplemental Assistance

Teen Birth Rate................. 28 • Comparisons • Rates by Age

Employment and Income... 20

Sexually Transmitted Infections......................... 29 • STIs • HIV/AIDS

Unemployment................. 21 • Point-in-Time Rates • Annual Rate Trends Living Wage Estimates...... 22 • Hourly Wages • Monthly Expenses Homelessness.................. 23

Infant Mortality................ 27

High-Risk Behaviors of Youth ............................. 30 • 10 Behaviors • Substance Abuse Substance Abuse.............. 31 • Alcohol/Drugs • Tobacco Domestic Violence, Child Abuse and Neglect.......... 32 Overweight and Obesity... 33 Crime and Arrests............. 34 • Adult and Juvenile • Jail Admissions

INDICATORS ON

EDUCATION United Way Worldwide is charting a course for change in education by mobilizing education partners to raise the national high school graduation rate to 87% by 2018 and cut the number of high school dropouts, more than one million students every year, in half. As an affiliate of United Way Worldwide, United Way of Racine County is engaging in strategies and innovative approaches to ensure that children and youth are: (1) ready for school, starting with the skills they need to succeed; (2) reading on track by fourth grade; (3) transitioning successfully to and from middle school; (4) graduating high school on time; and (5) working or in advanced education or training by 21.

EDUCATION GOAL: Raise the Graduation Rate*

Every year, more th

Average Freshman graduation rate

90%

87%

85%

to earn a diploma t

80%

GOAL

74%

75% 70%

high school. As a res

71%

72%

73%

74%

74%

75%

skills they need to

60% 1998

2000

2002 2004

2006

2008

United Way is wor

youth are: (1) rea *As measured by the average freshman graduation rate

65%

shared by any other

2010 2012

2014

2016

2018

fourth grade; (3)

from middle schoo

time and (5) work training by 21.

SOUrCE: COmmON COrE OF DATA, NATiONAL CENTEr FOr EDUCATiON STATiSTiCS

* As measured by the averaged freshman graduation rate

INCOME GOAL: Reduce the Number of Low-Wage Working Families Who Are Financially Unstable*

Over the past 20 ye

Educational Enrollment About the Indicator: Education is the foundation for a good life, setting the individual on a path of personal fulfillment, economic security and societal contribution. Estimates for enrollment in school programs–early childhood to college–are provided by the U.S. Census with actual K-12 numbers available by school year from the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. The total estimated school enrollment for Racine County residents is close to 50,000 (2012).

A well-rounded education begins in early childhood to ensure success later in life. Almost 6,000 young children in Racine County participated in preschool and Kindergarten programs. For the 2013-14 school year, about 3,400 children were enrolled in public 4-year old and 5-year old Kindergarten. Throughout Racine County approximately 1,885 children are eligible to enroll in Head Start Programs. Nearly 700 children participate in Head Start programs at several sites. A little more than 30,000 children ages 5-17 were enrolled in public school with about 5,000 in private school. Approximately 550 children were enrolled in home-based education, a downward trend after several years of increases. Racine County residents enrolled in college or graduate school is estimated at 12,000; about half of those are students ages 18-24.

City of Racine

Racine County

696

2,535

Enrolled in Kindergarten

1,836

3,254

Enrolled in Grades 1-4

4,510

9,944

Enrolled in Grades 5-8

5,469

10,823

Enrolled in Grades 9-12

3,806

11,201

Enrolled in College/Undergraduate

5,436

9,919

Enrolled in Graduate/Professional

403

1,600

22,156

49,276

Enrolled in Nursery/Preschool

Total Enrolled

Student Population by Race/Ethnicity by School District for 2013-14 School Year

About the indicator: The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction collects information on student race and ethnicity from the school districts with parents and students making that identification. Race is self-reported as any of the following 5 categories: Asian, American Indian or Alaskan Native, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or White. Ethnicity is self-reported as either Hispanic/ Not Hispanic.

School Enrollment by Level of School 2012 Estimates for population 3 years and older

Racine Unified

Burlington Area

Union Grove Graded

American Indian

0.3%

0.2%

0.3%

0.7%

0.3%

0.5%

Asian

1.4%

1.2%

1.1%

1.3%

0.3%

1.1%

Black/African American

26.2%

2.0%

2.5%

0.6%

0.5%

0.2%

Hispanic

25.4%

11.5%

4.5%

5.4%

4.8%

4.6%

White

43.9%

83.4%

91.0%

90.8%

92.3%

92.5%

Two or more races

2.8%

1.6%

0

1.3%

1.6%

1.2%

Group

Union Waterford Waterford Grove HS Graded HS

Source: 2012 American Community Survey 1 - Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau; 2013-14 School Year Statistics, Wisconsin Information System for Education (WISE), Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.

4 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County

Educational Enrollment About the Indicators: An “economically disadvantaged” student is a student who is a member of a household that meets the income eligibility guidelines for free or reduced-price meals (less than or equal to 185% of Federal Poverty Guidelines) under the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). Districts are permitted to use their best local source of information about the economic status of individual students consistent with the DPI definition above.

English language proficiency status is determined by a student’s score on the ACCESS for ELLs (English Language Learner) test. A student is considered Limited English Proficient when the student’s first language, or parents’ or guardians’ first language, is not English and the level of English proficiency requires specially designed instruction–either in English or in the first language or both, in order for the student to fully benefit from classroom instruction and to be successful in attaining the standards expected of all students at their grade level.

Percent of 2013-14 Students Enrolled Considered Economically Disadvantaged 65.2

41.9

38.6 29.0 16.7

Racine Unified

Burlington Area

Union Grove Graded

21.7 12.5

14.2

5.4

5.2

Racine Unified

Burlington Area

Union Grove Graded

districts, Racine Unified School District (RUSD) continues to have the highest concentration of economically disadvantaged students. Additionally, RUSD, on average, serves more economically disadvantaged students than the state of Wisconsin.

Union Waterford Waterford Wisconsin Grove HS Graded HS

Percent of 2013-14 Students Enrolled Considered Limited English Proficient

0.7

Trend: Among Racine County school

0.8

0.7

0.8

Trend: Of the Racine County school districts, Racine Unified School District has the highest percentage of Limited English Proficient students.

On average, RUSD enrolls more Limited English Proficient students than communities across the state.

It is important to note that the population of the City of Racine is significantly more diverse than other communities within Racine County.

Union Waterford Waterford Wisconsin Grove HS Graded HS

Source: 2012 American Community Survey 1 - Year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau; 2013-14 School Year Statistics, Wisconsin Information System for Education (WISE), Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

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Educational Enrollment: Children with Disabilities About the Indicator: A child may be identified as having a disability if an evaluation conducted indicates that the child has an impairment that adversely affects the child’s educational performance, and as a result needs special education and related services.

Eligibility criteria checklists have been developed for each disability area: autism, cognitive disabilities, emotional behavioral disabilities, hearing impairments, orthopedic impairment, other health impairment, significant developmental delay, speech/language impairments, traumatic brain injury, visual impairments, or specific learning disabilities. “Specific learning disability� means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written, resulting in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or perform mathematical calculations; including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia and developmental aphasia. If a student is determined to meet eligibility criteria in one or more of the impairment areas, the Individualized Education Program (IEP) team must then consider whether the student needs special education. Use of the eligibility checklists helps avoid the disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in specific disability categories.

Percent of 2013-2014 Students Enrolled in Public Schools by Identified Special Needs 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2%

data not available

1% 0%

Racine Elem

data not available

Racine MS Racine HS Burlington Burlington Burlington Union Union Union Waterford Waterford Waterford Wisconsin Wisconsin Wisconsin Elem MS HS Grove Elem Grove MS Grove HS Elem MS HS Elem MS HS

Cognitive Disability

Emotional/Behavioral

Learning Disability

Speech/Language

Other Primary Disability

Comparisons: Percentages of disabilities are fairly similar across school districts and throughout the state of Wisconsin.

Elementary students from Racine, Burlington and Waterford have been identified with a higher incidence than state average of speech or language disorder that hinder their ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems. Speech or language impairment means an impairment of speech or sound production, voice, fluency, or language that significantly affects educational performance or social, emotional or vocational development.

Source: Wisconsin Information System for Education (WISE), Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.

6 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County

Educational Attainment About the Indicator: Higher levels of education often lead to higher salaries, better jobs and healthier societies. The U.S. Census Bureau’s Population Estimates Program produces official 1-year estimates at the county and city level for the highest level of education that an individual has completed. This is distinct from the level of schooling that an individual may be attending.

Level of Educational Attainment - 2012 (Population 25 years and over) Level

City of Racine

Racine County

Wisconsin

United States

Graduate/professional degree

6.2%

8.2%

9.3%

10.9%

Bachelor’s Degree

7.8%

15.2%

17.9%

18.2%

Associate’s Degree

7.9%

9.7%

10.0%

8.0%

Some college, no degree

26.7%

24.7%

21.2%

21.3%

High School diploma only (includes equivalency certificate)

31.1%

30.4%

32.4%

28.0%

9th – 12th grade education, no diploma

13.6%

7.9%

5.9%

7.9%

Less than 9th grade education

6.8%

3.9%

3.3%

5.8%

Population with Educational Attainment of High School Diploma and Higher

Comparisons: Fewer city of Racine adult residents achieved postsecondary degree completion when compared to Racine County as a whole, the state of Wisconsin and the nation. Please note: data was not available before the year 2000 for the city of Racine.

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40%

1970

1980

City of Racine

1990

2000

Racine County

2010

Wisconsin

2012

USA

Source: Decennial Census 1970-1990 and American Community Survey 2000-2012, U.S. Census Bureau.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

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Student Achievement: WSAS Reading and Math Scores About the Indicator: Wisconsin students demonstrate their progress toward achieving academic standards through participation in the Wisconsin Student Assessment System (WSAS), administered to students in grades 3-8 and 10 and consisting of both the Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examination (WKCE) and the Wisconsin Alternate Assessment for Students with Disabilities (WAA-SwD). The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction has established performance standards (cut scores) for the WKCE Reading and Mathematics content areas to more closely align with national and international expectations of what is required to be college and career ready. Scores determine performance levels of Advanced, Proficient, Basic, or Minimal. “Proficient” means the student demonstrates competency and skills necessary to progress, while “Advanced” means the student demonstrates a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of rigorous subject matter and can provide sophisticated solutions to complex problems.

Reading: Students Scoring Proficient/Advanced

by Grade Level for 2012-13 School Year 60% 50% 40%

Comparisons: Waterford students consistently outperform other Racine County students and students statewide in the areas of reading and math at each grade level tested, with the exception of reading scores for grade 3 Burlington students and grade 8 Union Grove students.

Fewer Racine Unified students have proficient/advanced scores with more than 80 percent of third graders scoring at minimal/basic reading levels and 80 percent of tenth graders at minimal/basic levels for math. Math scores trend downward at every grade level.

30% 20% 10% 0%

Gr.3 Racine Unified

Gr.4

Gr.5

Burlington Area

Gr.6

Gr.7

Union Grove Area

Gr.8 Waterford Area

Gr.10 Wisconsin

Math: Students Scoring Proficient/Advanced

by Grade Level for 2012-13 School Year

90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Gr.3 Racine Unified

Gr.4

Gr.5

Burlington Area

Gr.6

Gr.7

Union Grove Area

Gr.8

Waterford Area

Gr.10 Wisconsin

Source: Wisconsin Student Assessment System (WSAS) Results, Wisconsin Information System for Education (WISE), Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.

8 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County

Student Performance and Behavior About the Indicators: Generally, students enrolled in a school at the end of the spring semester are counted as having completed the school term at that school. Retention, promotion and high school completion decisions are typically based on the student’s academic progress/status as of end of the school term. Retention occurs when a student has not made sufficient progress over the course of the school year to be promoted to a higher grade level. The retention rate is calculated by dividing the number of K-12 retentions at the end of the school term by the number of K-12 students who completed that school term. Suspensions of students can have an impact on retention rates. Students may be removed from school grounds for noncompliance with school district policies or rules, for threatening to destroy school property, or for endangering the property, health or safety of those at school.

16%

Comparisons: There were no

Retention of Students by Grade Level for 2012-13

retentions for 7th or 8th graders in any district and Racine Unified experienced few retentions in grades 2-6. The highest percentage of students being retained occurs in high school, particularly for seniors. Note: Grade 12 students with disabilities who complete the school term and who are retained (i.e., did not complete high school that year) are not counted in the retention rate formula.

14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

Racine Unified

Burlington Area

Union Grove Area

Waterford Area

Comparisons: Generally there are

Suspension of Students by Grade Level for 2012-13

more suspensions in middle school for Racine Unified students. At every grade level, with the exception of grade 12, a higher percentage of student from Racine Unified are suspended compared to the other school districts. Racine Unified had suspensions at every grade level and particularly high levels for middle school and 9th graders.

20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

Racine Unified

Burlington Area

Union Grove Area

Waterford Area

Source: Wisconsin Information System for Education (WISE), Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

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Public High School Graduation: Four-Year Rates About the Indicator: All students who enter high school are expected to complete high school. Formulas for calculating high school completion rates changed in 2009-2010, with the federally mandated four-year adjusted cohort formula. Students are associated with a specific graduating class, and that number gets adjusted for each school due to changes in the enrollment status of students (i.e. transfers, leaving the country, death). Four-year graduation rates are calculated as the number of students in the cohort who graduate (regular diploma) within four years divided by the number of students who form the four-year adjusted cohort for the graduating class.

Comparisons/trends: While there has been a gradual improvement in graduation rates overall, graduation rates have been consistently lower for Racine Unified when compared to other Racine County school districts. Burlington, Union Grove and Waterford school districts have higher four-year graduation rates than are reported for the state.

High School (4-Year) Graduation Rates Comparison of Local Districts and State 2010

2011

2012

2013

Racine Unified

66.6

68.0

69.8

73.4

Burlington Area

89.6

89.0

95.0

86.7

Union Grove HS

94.9

90.5

94.7

96.3

Waterford HS

89.8

93.7

95.4

95.9

Wisconsin

85.7

87.0

87.5

88.0

2012 Graduation (4-year) Percentage Rates by Race/Ethnicity

Comparisons: For all four school districts, Asian students have the highest rate of graduation, followed by white students. For each racial/ ethnic group, there is a lower graduation rate for students from Racine Unified. American Indian, African American and multiracial students have the lowest graduation rates overall.

100% 91%

100% 100%

96% 91% 83% 80% 78%

95%

96%

100%

67% 58%

50%

56%

33%

Amer. Indian

Asian

Racine Unified

Afr. American

Burlington Area

Hispanic

Union Grove HS

Source: Wisconsin Information System for Education (WISE), Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.

10 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

White

2+ Races

Waterford HS

United Way of Racine County

Public High School Graduation: Dropout and Legacy Rates About the Indicator: In Wisconsin, students graduate when they complete a course of study established by their local school district. The school board may also issue a graduation diploma to students who complete the school-sponsored general education program (GED) or attain a high school equivalency certificate. Not all students graduate with their fellow students from 9th grade, their cohort. Legacy rates include all students up to 21 years of age who may have taken longer than four years to complete high school.

A dropout was enrolled at some time during the school term, was not enrolled at the beginning of the next school term, did not complete high school, and does not meet any of the following exclusionary conditions: transfer to another district, private school or state/district-approved educational program or temporary absence due to expulsion, suspension, imprisonment, hospitalization, or death.

Dropouts within Grades 9-12

Trend: Racine Unified School District has the highest dropout rate in the county from year to year with almost four times as many dropouts for the 2011-12 school year.

8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0%

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Racine Unified

Burlington Area

Union Grove HS

Waterford HS

Wisconsin

High School (Legacy) Graduation Rates Comparison of Local Districts and State

Comparisons: While there are

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

Racine

73.0

76.7

71.3

74.4

71.3*

Burlington

93.8

96.6

91.6

93.5

94.9

Union Grove

92.5

96.2

89.9

96.5

95.2

Waterford

96.1

98.8

95.7

87.3

98.5

Wisconsin

89.3

91.8

89.3

89.9

90.6*

variations in rates from year to year, graduation rates have been consistently lower for Racine Unified when compared to other Racine County school districts and the state.

*Not all potential graduates under 21 have completed as of 2012.

Source: Wisconsin Information System for Education (WISE), Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

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Student Achievement: ACT Assessment Performance About the Indicator: The American College Test (ACT) gauges high school students’ college readiness by evaluating general educational development. Schools are encouraged to have all students take the ACT because of the value of the ACT for school performance measurement, instructional planning and student advising. Records of the percentage of students tested are based on the Grade 12 enrollment. The assessment focuses on four skill areas: English, mathematics, reading, and science.

ACT college readiness benchmarks have been established for each of those areas. These four subject scores are graphed on a scale of 1 to 36. The average of a student’s four test scores is called the Composite Score. English and math scores are considered indicators of academic success. The table below captures the average reading, math and composite scores based on the percent of students tested throughout Racine County.

2012-13 ACT Results Comparison of Local Districts

Comparisons: Despite encouraging all students to take the ACT, the percent of eligible students taking the tests ranges from 43 - 79 percent in Racine County, with 62 percent of students across the state participating. Scores in Burlington, Union Grove and Waterford are close to the state average while scores in Racine Unified are 9% below the state average.

Trend: ACT provides information on college readiness based on student scores in the skill areas.

For those students from the largest high schools in Racine County who took the ACT in 2013, no more than 62 percent (Waterford Union High School) and a few as 37 percent (Racine Unified high schools) achieved scores that indicate they had reading and math skills needed to be successful in college.

Percent Tested

Average Reading Score

Average Math Score

Average Composite Score

Racine Unified

43.5%

20.6

20.0

20.4

Burlington Area

58.2%

22.2

21.9

22.3

Union Grove HS

60.2%

22.1

22.0

22.1

Waterford HS

79.1%

23.2

23.0

23.1

Wisconsin

62.0%

22.1

21.9

22.0

Percent of Students Considered College-ready with Skills in Reading and Math 62% 62% 57% 50% 39%

50%

53%

52%

54%

37%

Racine Unified Burlington Area Union Grove HS Waterford HS Reading

Math

Source: Wisconsin Information System for Education (WISE), Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.

12 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

Wisconsin

United Way of Racine County

Future Plans About the Indicator: Wisconsin public high school seniors are surveyed each year regarding their post-graduation plans.

Twelfth grade students select from the following post-graduation options: 4-year college/university, vocational/technical college, employment, enlisting in military, or job training program. The miscellaneous option reflects that students have other plans beyond those listed in the other categories or that the students are undecided or did not respond to the survey.

Post-graduation Plans of High School Seniors - 2013 4-year College

Voc/Tech College

Employment

Military

Job Training

Misc.

Racine Unified

53.3%

12.6%

2.3%

6.2%

2.8%

23.0%

Burlington Area

44.4%

0.3%

0.6%

1.2%

11.4%

42.0%

Union Grove HS

63.6%

13.0%

6.7%

4.6%

0.8%

11.3%

Waterford HS

56.9%

18.8%

0.8%

2.0%

0.4%

21.2%

Wisconsin

52.5%

21.6%

5.7%

3.4%

1.1%

15.6%

Post-graduation Plans of Wisconsin High School Seniors

Comparisons: Plans for Racine County students vary greatly in terms of the options they are exploring. In general, most students plan on formal postsecondary college education. For the state as a whole, this has been the case since 1997 with most students planning on attending college.

60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

4-Year College

Voc/Tech College

Employment

Military

Job Training

Misc.

Source: Wisconsin Information System for Education (WISE), Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

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INDICATORS ON

income

EDUCATION GOAL: Raise the Graduation Rate*

Every year, more th

Average Freshman graduation rate

90%

87%

85%

high school. As a res

to earn a diploma t

80%

GOAL

shared by any othe

United Way is wo United Way Worldwide is charting a course for change in income 75% by working with United Way of Racine youth are: (1) rea 74% 74% County and a worldwide70% network of affiliates to reduce the number of low-wage working families who 72% 73% skills they need to 71% are financially unstable. Over the past 20 years, the cost of living in the United States has increased by *As measured by the average fourth grade; (3) 65% almost 90 percent, drastically outpacing income growth. To make ends meet, families freshman graduationare rate borrowing from middle scho heavily and relying on high-cost alternatives to cover their daily living expenses. That’s why United 60% time and (5) work Way focuses on five building1998 blocks of financial stability: family-sustaining employment; 2000 2002 2004 2006 (1) 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 (2) income training by 21. supports; (3) savings and assets; (4) manageable expenses; and (5) affordable housing.

74%

75%

SOUrCE: COmmON COrE OF DATA, NATiONAL CENTEr FOr EDUCATiON STATiSTiCS

Percent of Lower-income Working Families Spending more Than 40 percent of income on Housing Costs

INCOME GOAL: Reduce the Number of Low-Wage Working Families Who Are Financially Unstable* 40

36%

35 30

32%

25 25%

20

37%

Over the past 20 ye

39%

States has increa

cally outpacing inc

families are borro

34%

cost alternatives t

28% 18%

That’s why United

of financial stabili

15 10

GOAL

*Financially unstable means that lower-income working families spend >40% on housing costs

5

2000

2002 2004

2006

(4) manageable housing.

0 1998

ment; (2) income

2008

2010 2012

2014

2016

2018

SOUrCE: AmEriCAN COmmUNiTY SUrvEY

* Financially unstable means that lower-income working families spend greater than 40% on housing costs

HEALTH GOAL: Increase Youth and Adults Who Are Healthy and Avoiding Risky Behavior*

U.S. businesses l

in productivity du

Poverty: Individuals and Families Below Poverty Level About the Indicator: The U.S. Census Bureau measures poverty based on a federal poverty threshold that is intended to indicate the minimum resources individuals and families need for an adequate standard of living. The poverty thresholds were originally calculated in 1963-64 by taking the U.S. Department of Agriculture family food budget estimate and multiplying it by three (assuming a family spends a third of its income on food). These thresholds are updated every year for inflation using the Consumer Price Index. The 2014 Federal poverty threshold is $23,850 for a family of four.

The percentages of the poverty thresholds are used to determine access to certain services. For example, public school children from families with incomes 185% or less of Federal poverty threshold guidelines are eligible for free or reduced-price lunches at school.

2014 Federal Poverty Level Guidelines – Monthly Income Family size 1

$972.50

$1,167.00

$1,312.88

$1,458.75

$1,799.13

$1,945.00

2

$1,310.83

$1,573.00

$1,769.63

$1,966.25

$2,425.04

$2,621.67

3

$1,649.17

$1,979.00

$2,226.38

$2,473.75

$3,050.96

$3,298.33

4

$1,987.50

$2,385.00

$2,683.13

$2,981.25

$3,676.88

$3,975.00

5

$2,325.83

$2,791.00

$3,139.88

$3,488.75

$4,302.79

$4,651.67

6

$2,664.17

$3,197.00

$3,596.63

$3,996.25

$4,928.71

$5,328.33

People and Families with Income Below Poverty Level – 2013

Comparisons: Families headed by single female heads of households are most at risk of living in poverty.

A greater percentage of children live in poverty in the city of Racine compared to the state as a whole.

100% FPL 120% FPL 135% FPL 150% FPL 185% FPL 200% FPL

City of Racine

Racine County

Wisconsin

United States

All people

22.0%

12.8%

13.5%

15.8%

Children under age 18

34.6%

19.4%

18.4%

22.2%

Family households with children under 18 Married couple families with children under 18 Families with female householder, no husband present, children under 18

27.5%

15.7%

15.9%

18.5%

7.8%

3.8%

5.4%

8.5%

52.0%

41.3%

42.5%

41.0%

Source: 2013 American Community Survey Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau.

16 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County

Poverty: Individuals and Families Below Poverty Level About the Indicator: Although poverty rates in the city and state have risen since 1980, Wisconsin was ranked as the 22nd richest state in 2012. In 2013, 13.5 percent of Wisconsin’s residents were living below 100 percent of the federal poverty threshold.

Trends: While the city of Racine had

Poverty Rates 1980-2013

30%

26%

25%

25% 20% 16%

10%

15% 13%

14%

15% 9%

9%

10% 11%

7%

13%14%

levels of poverty comparable to the state in the 1980 U.S. Census data, the percentage of Racine residents living in poverty has continued to rise, reaching nearly double the state level in 2013.

8% 9%

5% 0%

1980

1990

City of Racine

2000

Racine County

2010

2013

Wisconsin

Median Household Income: $50,957 Population: 5,726,398 (20th highest) Unemployment Rate: 6.9% (tied–19th lowest) Percent Below Poverty Line: 13% (17th lowest)

#22

richest state

Trends: In 2013, Maryland remained the richest state in the country, with a median household income of $72,483. Mississippi was again the poorest, with an income of $37,963 — a little more than half that of Maryland’s .

Source: 2013 American Community Survey Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau. America’s Richest (and Poorest) States, 2013 - 24/7 Wall St., http://247wallst.com.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

17

Poverty: Food Hardship About the Indicator: Poverty puts households at much higher risk of food insecurity and hunger. Households with low food security have uncertain access to food and report running out of food without having money to buy more, cutting back the size of meals due to lack of money, or having to skip meals altogether. A five-year Food Hardship report was issued in 2013.

Covering 2008-2012, it looked at the number of households that reported not having enough money to buy the food they needed at times during the previous 12 months. In 2008, the nation had a severe recession and the rate of households reporting food hardship rose from 16.1 percent in March 2008 to 19.4 percent in December 2008. Until the end of the study in 2012, the national rate in any given month never fell below 17.1 percent. The study did not report specifically on Racine County, but it included data for Wisconsin’s 1st Congressional District, which encompasses Racine and Kenosha counties.

Food Hardship Rates

Comparisons: According to the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index, Wisconsin was near the bottom among the states in terms of food hardship responses, with Mississippi being the highest at 24.6%, similar to a number of other Southern states.

North Dakota had the lowest rate at 10.9%.

14

WI 1st Congressional District*

Wisconsin

8.7

City of Madison

Comparisons: From 2005 to 2014, the total pounds of food distributed by the Racine County Food Bank has increased in every year but 2009 and 2013. From 2009 to 2014, the unemployment rate for Racine County continued to decline.

13.7

18.2

United States

Unemployment vs. Racine County Food Bank Usage 1,200,000

12

1,000,000

10

800,000

8

600,000

6

400,000

4

200,000

2

0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Pounds

Unemployment Rate in Percent (June)

Source: Food Hardship in America 2012, Food Research and Action Center, 2013. Racine County Food Bank. Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Results, Wisconsin WorkNet.

18 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

0

United Way of Racine County

Poverty: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program About the Indicator: An indication of food-related hardship is the number of people participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, referred to as FoodShare in Wisconsin) for families and individuals with little or no income. FoodShare benefits are received monthly and are used to buy healthy food at stores using a debit card called the Wisconsin QUEST Card. The proportion of Wisconsin residents who participated in FoodShare has increased significantly since 2000, particularly as economic conditions declined. Nearly 20 percent of FoodShare recipients are either elderly, blind or disabled; 33 percent of the households receiving FoodShare benefits have at least one person working.

Racine County FoodShare Recipients Monthly Average Per Year

40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000

Comparisons: The number of

10,000 5,000 0

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2013

Racine County FoodShare Average Monthly Payouts $4,500,000 $4,000,000 $3,500,000 $3,000,000 $2,500,000 $2,000,000

eligible persons who were in an open FoodShare case increased rapidly since 2000, from 7,030 Racine County recipients in an average month of that year to a monthly average of 35,272 in 2013.

The monthly amount of payouts to individuals and families increased more than 10 times, from an average of $417,066 per month in 2000 to an average of $4,209,144 per month in 2013. In November 2013, SNAP benefits decreased because a federal law giving extra benefits expired.

$1,500,000 $1,000,000 $500,000 $0

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2013

Source: Wisconsin FoodShare Program, Wisconsin Department of Health Services.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

19

Employment and Income About the Indicator: An employed person is one who has an agreement with an employer to work full time, part time or on a contractual basis for that employer. In general, employment data represent the number of covered workers who worked during, or received pay for, a specific pay period. Covered private industry employment includes most corporate officials, executives, supervisory personnel, professionals, clerical workers, wage earners, piece workers, and part-time workers. It excludes proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid family members, and certain farm and domestic workers. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence. Those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll.

The economic recovery continues in Wisconsin, producing new jobs in the state, though not at pre-recession levels. As of October 2014, Wisconsin still had 15,300 fewer jobs than in 2007 before the recession. Wisconsin’s population has grown since then and to keep up with that growth, Wisconsin needs to add another 111,800 jobs. Among those employed, about one in four Wisconsin workers held a poverty-wage job (wage under $11.36 per hour) in 2013.

Local Employment and Income Overview - 2013 City of Racine

Racine County

Employment of residents 16 and older

55.2%

58.1%

Residents not currently in labor force

35.4%

35.3%

Unemployment rate

12.0%

8.6%

Private wage/salary workers

87.6%

85.5%

Federal/state/local government workers

9.0%

10.6%

Self-employed

3.2%

3.8%

Median Household Income*

$41,886

$54,209

Households with incomes below $15,000 per year

17.5%

11.1%

Households with incomes above $150,000 per year

3.9%

7.6%

Households receiving earned income**

73.9%

75.7%

Households receiving retirement income**

16.8%

21.7%

Households receiving Social Security income**

33.4%

34.2%

* Median earnings for men are about 20 percent higher than for women. **Note: These income sources are not mutually exclusive; some households received income from more than one source.

Source: Center for Wisconsin Strategies (COWS), University of Wisconsin Extension. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. American Community Survey Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau.

20 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County

Unemployment About the Indicator: The Bureau of Labor Statistics uses three data sets to measure employment and unemployment: (1) Current Employment Statistics (CES): compiled from a monthly survey sent to about 5,500 employers (3.5% of Wisconsin employers); (2) Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS): compiled from a monthly survey of 1,450 households, measures the labor force, employment, unemployment, and the unemployment rate; and (3) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW): compiled on a quarterly basis from Unemployment Insurance records from some 96% of Wisconsin business establishments. The unemployment rate is calculated as the number of unemployed individuals divided by the labor force.

People are classified as unemployed if they do not have jobs, are looking for jobs and are available for work. The labor force includes people who are employed and those unemployed that meet the previously stated definition.

Unemployment Rates – Point in Time

Comparisons: Racine continues to

March 2010

March 2013

March 2014

City of Racine

16.4%

13.3%

11.8%

Racine County

11.5%

9.8%

8.7%

Wisconsin

9.8%

7.7%

6.7%

United States

10.2%

7.6%

6.8%

have the highest unemployment rate for any city in Wisconsin, at 8.8 percent as of September 2014, down from 11.0 percent in September 2013. Milwaukee was second, at 7.7 percent, down from 9.6 percent a year earlier.

Trends: Unemployment rates peaked

Annual Unemployment Rates

in 2009-2010 both locally and across the country and are showing a downward trend into 2014.

Unemployment in the city of Racine remains significantly higher than the state and national levels.

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2

2005

2006

City of Racine

2007

2008

2009

Racine County

2010

2011

Wisconsin

2012

2013

United States

Source: Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Results, Wisconsin WorkNet.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

21

Living Wage Estimates About the Indicator: Employment is not always enough to escape poverty. In Wisconsin, almost a quarter of all workers earn a lower hourly wage than would be needed to keep a family of four with a full-time worker out of poverty. “Poverty wages” are most common among those with lower education. In Wisconsin 41% of adults have a high school degree or less and in Racine County 45% of adults have a high school degree or less. In the city of Racine 53% have no college or post-secondary education. The living wage concept seeks to re-focus on the “working poor” – those who work full time, but still cannot meet the basic needs of their family. The Living Wage Calculator provides an estimate of the cost of living for low-wage families, but does not necessarily reflect a middle class standard of living. The living wage* represents an estimate of the hourly amount an individual must earn to support their family if they are the sole provider and working full time (2,080 hours per year).

Hourly Wage Calculations Based on Family Size

Living Wage* Poverty Wage** Minimum Wage

1 Adult

1 Adult, 1 Child

1 Adult, 2 Children

1 Adult, 3 Children

2 Adults

2 Adults, 1 Child

2 Adults, 2 Children

2 Adults, 3 Children

$8.75

$19.97

$26.66

$34.33

$14.13

$17.34

$18.78

$21.68

$5.21

$7.00

$8.80

$10.60

$7.00

$8.80

$10.60

$12.40

$7.25

$7.25

$7.25

$7.25

$7.25

$7.25

$7.25

$7.25

*Based on estimated expenses to cover basic cost of living expenses without subsidies in Racine County. **As per Federal Poverty Guidelines for income based on family size.

Typical Monthly Expenses (used in calculating living wage estimates*) 1 Adult

1 Adult, 1 Child

1 Adult, 2 Children

1 Adult, 3 Children

2 Adults

2 Adults, 1 Child

2 Adults, 2 Children

2 Adults, 3 Children

$242

$357

$536

$749

$444

$553

$713

$904

$0

$638

$1,233

$1,829

$0

$0

$0

$0

Medical

$140

$376

$408

$390

$286

$363

$340

$349

Housing

$506

$742

$742

$923

$591

$742

$742

$923

Transportation

$306

$595

$686

$736

$595

$686

$736

$748

Other Necessities

$67

$168

$236

$318

$119

$153

$174

$198

Required annual income before taxes

$18,200

$41,532

$55,463

$71,404

$29,385

$36,065

$39,061

$45,084

Food Child Care

Source: Center for Wisconsin Strategies (COWS), University of Wisconsin Extension. American Survey Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau. Living Wage Calculator (2013), Dr. Amy K. Glasmeier, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

22 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County

Homelessness About the Indicator: Across Wisconsin, the number of people experiencing homelessness has increased every year since 2008.

The majority (55%) of clients served by Wisconsin’s residential homeless facilities are single adults, but almost one third of the homeless populations using shelter and transitional housing programs each year are children. African-Americans represent only about 6.5 percent of the population of Wisconsin over all, but comprise approximately 41 percent of homeless clients served.

Approximately 51 percent of homeless are white.

Nationally, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) reports that homelessness declined by nearly 4 percent from 2012 to 2013 and by 9 percent since 2007. For Racine County, the figures have been stable for the past four to five years.

The Continuum of Care of Racine County (Homeless Assistance Coalition) conducts a “point in time” count of sheltered and unsheltered homeless people every January. Service providers and volunteers set out to locate and account for every homeless individual in Racine County, interviewing individuals to obtain additional demographic data.

Homeless Population in Racine County

Comparisons: The Racine County

2010

2011

2012

2013

157

144

140

124

78

99

99

94

1

0

2

3

Total Individuals

236

243

241

221

Subpopulations*

2010

2011

2012

2013

Chronically Homeless

15

30

10

11

Seriously Mentally Ill

30

66

53

64

Chronic Substance Abuse

53

65

58

43

Veterans

36

39

35

38

Victims of Domestic Violence

44

29

52

59

Single Adults Family members (adults and children) Households – only children

homeless population has not changed much from year to year.

Many homeless individuals suffer from mental illness and/or substance abuse. The number of victims of domestic violence seeking shelter has increased in 2012 and 2013 and is a trend to watch.

*The subpopulations data is duplicated point-in-time numbers. Not all respondents participated and some subpopulation categories were omitted due to lack of responses.

Source: Homeless Management Information System (HMIS), Wisconsin Department of Administration-Division of Housing. Homeless Assistance Point-in-Time Count, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Homeless Assistance Point-in-Time Count, Continuum of Care for the City and County of Racine, U.A.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

23

Average

*As measured by the average freshman graduation rate

65% 60% 1998

2000

2002 2004

2006

INDICATORS ON

2008

2010 2012

2014

2016

2018

fourth grade; (3)

from middle scho

time and (5) wor training by 21.

SOUrCE: COmmON COrE OF DATA, NATiONAL CENTEr FOr EDUCATiON STATiSTiCS

health Percent of Lower-income Working Families Spending more Than 40 percent of income on Housing Costs

INCOME GOAL: Reduce the Number of Low-Wage Working Families Who Are Financially Unstable* 40

36%

35 30

32%

25

39%

States has increa

cally outpacing in

families are borro

34%

cost alternatives t

28%

25%

20

37%

Over the past 20 ye

18%

That’s why United

U.S. businesses lose more than $1 trillion a year in productivity due to chronic illness. The federalof financial stabili 15 government estimates that over 45 million individuals lack health insurance coverage of any kind and ment; (2) income 10 *Financially unstable means that GOAL of this number, 80 percent of those who are not elderly are from working families. United Way Worldwide (4) manageable lower-income working families 5 >40%by on engaging housing costs with national experts and local United Ways to is charting a course for change in spend health housing.

0 and adults who are healthy and avoiding risky behavior by addressing five increase the number of youth 2000 2002and 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 major components of health:1998 (1) safe home community; (2) healthy beginnings; (3) 2018 healthy eating AmEriCAN COmmUNiTY SUrvEY and physical activity; (4) supporting healthy choices; and (5) access to SOUrCE: health care.

HEALTH GOAL: Increase Youth and Adults Who Are Healthy and Avoiding Risky Behavior* Percent of Youth/Adults Who Are Healthy and Avoiding risky Behavior

65

GOAL:

60

ADULTS

55 50 45 40

37%

39%

39% 35%

35 30

47% 45%

ADULTS

34% 33%

34%

30% YOUTH

25 20

39%

41%

GOAL:

YOUTH

32% 31%

2000

2002 2004

in productivity du

government estim

uals lack health in

of this number, 80 working families.

a health initiative

following key com

health goal: (1) saf

beginnings; (3) he

15 1998

U.S. businesses l

2006

2008

2010 2012

2014

2016

2018

SOUrCE: YOUTH riSk BEHAviOr SUrvEY AND BEHAviOr riSk FACTOr STUDY, CENTErS FOr DiSEASE CONTrOL AND PrEvENTiON

(4) supporting he health care.

*Adults and youth were measured using separate survey. For youth, the measure is: grade 9 –12 students who reported being healthy and avoiding risky behaviors *Adults and youth were measured using separate survey. For youth, the measure is: grade 9-12 students who reported being healthy and drug use; no alcohol abuse [including drunk driving]; practicing abstinence or safe sex; and not being overweight). For adults, the measure is: adults 18 and over avoiding risky behaviors (not(good involved school violence; or drug use; no (including drunk driving); practicing abbehaviors overallin health; no tobacco use;no notobacco alcohol abuse; not obese, no alcohol high bloodabuse pressure) stinence or safe sex; and not being overweight. For adults, the measure is: adults 18 and over who reported being healthy and avoiding risky behaviors (good overall health; no tobacco use; no alcohol abuse; not obese, no high blood pressure)**The adult survey changed weighting methodology and added cell phone respondents, so 2011 and 2012 data cannot be truly compared to that trend before 2011

Low Birth Weight Babies About the Indicator: Low birth weight babies, those babies born under 2,500 grams or 5 pounds, 8 ounces, are at a higher risk for death within the first year of life. Low birth weight babies are also at high risk for developmental problems that can hinder success in school and throughout their lives. Some of these potential problems are slowed brain growth and learning problems such as delayed speech, difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity, and lower IQ. Women who do not receive prenatal care (medical care before giving birth) are at greater risk for having a low birth weight baby. The earlier the prenatal care, the better the life chances are for newborns. Receiving care within the first trimester of pregnancy is an important predictor for health.

Incidence of Low Birth Weight Babies (percent of live births less than 5.5 lbs.)

Comparisons: The percentage of low birth weight newborns is generally higher for Racine County than the state. Rates of low birth weight babies at the state and national levels have remained steady for more than 12 years. Examining rates by race/ ethnicity shows more low birth weight babies born to African American mothers, who also tend to access prenatal care later in the pregnancy.

10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2%

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Racine County

Percent of Low Birth Weight Babies (less than 5.5 lbs.)

by Race/Ethnicity of Mother in Racine County

Wisconsin

United States

Percent of Mothers Who Received No Prenatal Care or Began Prenatal Care in the Third Trimester

by Race/Ethnicity of Mother in Racine County 9.4

18.0

8.9 7.9

7.5

13.3

6.5

11.4

5.4

7.3

7.4

7.0 4.5

2.9

2.8

5.2

2.9

2.0

2010

2011 White

Afr. American

2012 Hispanic

2010

2011 White

Afr. American

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Informatics.

26 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

2012 Hispanic

United Way of Racine County

Infant Mortality Rate About the Indicator: Infant mortality refers to deaths that occur within the first year of life. The infant mortality rate is tracked as the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births during that year. Large gains have been made in decreasing the infant mortality rate in the United States over the past 50 years. On a national level and largely due to gains in the medical field, the rate dropped from 26.0 in 1960 to 6.9 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000, with the 2013 rate estimated at 5.2. The actual number of deaths in Racine County in 2011 was 17, with 12 of those infants from the city of Racine.

Infant Mortality Rates (per 1,000 live births)

14

Comparisons: The infant mortality rate is much higher for the city of Racine when compared to the county, state and national rates.

12 10 8 6 4

2005

2006

2007

City of Racine

2008

2009

Racine County

Wisconsin

2010

2012

United States

Infant Mortality Rates

by Race/Ethnicity of Mother in Racine County

Comparisons: Rates of infant mortality for African American mothers has dropped significantly since 2001 when the rate was comparable to developing countries.

The rate of infant mortality for African American babies continues to be higher than that of White or Hispanic.

42.6

22.2 18 7.8

6.2

2001

11.4

7.9

6.8

7.3

2005 White

4.5

2010 Afr. American

7.4 2 2012

Hispanic

Source: Infant Mortality 2013 Estimates - World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency. Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

27

Teen Birth Rate About the Indicator: Birth rates are the number of births per 1,000 females in each age group measured. Starting with a decline that began in 1991 and with the exception of 2006, teen birth rates fell steeply in the United States from 2007 through 2011. Nationally, the overall rate for teenagers aged 15-19 dropped 14.9 points, from 41.5 per 1,000 in 2007 to 26.6 in 2013.

Teen mothers are more likely to receive prenatal care later in their pregnancy and are at elevated risk of low birth weight babies, preterm births, and babies dying in infancy compared to infants born to women aged 20 and over. In Wisconsin, the infant mortality rate is higher for mothers under age 20 (11.3) as compared to mothers over 20 years of age (5.5). Teen mothers are often at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and repeat pregnancies, are less likely than their peers to complete high school and are more likely to live below the poverty level and rely on public assistance.

Comparisons: Teen birth rates in Wisconsin and Racine County have been decreasing since 1990, particularly for older teens. Despite the downward trend, the city of Racine teen birth rate is still a concern. In 2012, there was a total of 160 births to teen mothers under age 20, with 45 births to mothers ages 15 to 17, and four births to mothers under the age of 15. Please note: data was not available for the city of Racine in the years 1990 and 2000.

Birth Rates Comparisons for Teens Ages 15-19

90

81

80 70

67

64

60

60

53

50

43

38

36

40

34

34

26

30

0

1990

2000

22

2010

2011

2012

Racine County

Wisconsin

United States

Teen Birth Rates in Racine County by age groups per 1000 teens

101 73

83

85

78 69

72

73

73

77 65

63

61

25

27

26

29

24

29

28

24

26

23

21 1

2000

29

24

10

107

41

32

31

20

City of Racine

81

52

49

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Age 15-17

2007

2008

2009

55

55

18

15

16

18

2010

2011

2012

2013

Age 18-19

Source: Births to Teens in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Office of Informatics. US Dept of Health and Human Services, Office of Adolescent Health.

28 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County

Sexually Transmitted Infections About the Indicator: Sexually transmitted infections, or STIs, are a significant health challenge for the United States, with nearly 20 million new sexually transmitted infections occurring every year, half occurring among young people ages 15–24.

Both young men and young women are heavily affected by STIs, but young women face the most serious long-term health consequences. It is estimated that undiagnosed STIs cause 24,000 women to become infertile each year.

Reports of sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and Syphilis are collected by the Wisconsin Division of Public Health from local health departments to create annual reports of STI rates. In 2013, there were 28,040 STI cases reported for the state of Wisconsin with Chlamydia and Gonorrhea most frequently reported. In Racine County, of the 940 cases in 2013, 32 percent of the cases involved African American individuals and 39 percent involved white individuals. About 70 percent of the cases occurred within females. The majority of cases affected teens and young adults: 280 cases for 1519 years; 346 cases for 20-24 years; 176 cases for 25-29 years; and seven cases for those in the 10-14 year-old range. The remaining 115 cases were for children under 10 years old and adults older than 29 years old.

Trends: In 2013, there were 260

Reported STI Cases for Racine County 1,337

1,332

1,302 1,199

1,188

1,115

1,104 969

953

2003

fewer reported STI cases than in 2010, possibly signaling a downward trend although the numbers of cases have remained at relatively similar levels for the past decade.

1,300

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

940

2013

HIV/AIDS: In 2013, 255 cases of HIV infection were diagnosed in Wisconsin. Between 2004 and 2013, the number of diagnoses ranged from a low of 225 in 2012 to a high of 284 in 2009, with an average of 253 diagnoses per year. Milwaukee County cases accounted for 51% of new diagnoses, Dane County for 12%, Racine for 5%, and Kenosha and Brown Counties each for 3%. Since 2010, 31 new HIV cases were reported in Racine County. Males accounted for 77 percent of the cases in 2012. A little more than half of the cases are white individuals, but based on rate per population, African Americans are represented six times more frequently than any other race.

Source: Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Wisconsin STD Program, Wisconsin Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Reports, Wisconsin AIDS/HIV Program Notes.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

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High-Risk Behaviors of Youth About the Indicator: Since 1997, Racine County youth have been surveyed about every four years regarding risk-taking behaviors using a quality measurement tool, Profiles of Student Life: Attitudes and Behaviors, developed by the Search Institute of Minneapolis. While the survey has not been conducted since 2010, the information provides a detailed view into the behaviors of local youth that is incredibly valuable.

A number of questions shape the picture of risky behaviors. One of the high-risk behaviors that the most (34%) Racine County youth reported was “violent acts� which include fighting, hitting, injuring, carrying or using a weapon, or threatening harm.

Youth were also asked specifically about their substance use and whether they used marijuana, sniffed or inhaled substances to get high, or used other illicit drugs in the last year. Illicit drugs include cocaine, PCP, LSD, heroin, and amphetamines. Youth were also asked to report whether they had used alcohol at least once in the last 30 days.

Students Reporting High-Risk Behaviors 1997

2002

2006

2010

Gambling

27%

18%

19%

12%

Driving after drinking

24%

21%

20%

17%

Skipping school

25%

28%

26%

21%

Committing violent acts

43%

37%

39%

34%

Shoplifting, vandalizing or having contact with police

28%

23%

25%

20%

Being frequently depressed/Attempting suicide

26%

27%

26%

23%

Being sexually active

24%

23%

23%

24%

Using illicit drugs

26%

22%

18%

18%

Smoking daily

21%

12%

9%

7%

Using alcohol frequently or heavily

30%

24%

25%

19%

Youth Reporting Substance Abuse Youth Reporting Substance Abuse Youth Reporting Substance Abuse 50

50

45

45

40

40

35

35

30

30

25

25

Percent of Youth

most common substance used by students in Grade 12, closely followed by marijuana. A higher percentage of middle school students reported using inhalants than high schoolers.

Percent ofofYouth Percent Youth

Comparisons: Alcohol use is the

20

20

15

15

10

10

5 0

5 0 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12 Alcohol Alcohol

Inhalants Inhalants

Marijuana Marijuana

Other Illicit Drugs Other Ilicit Drugs

Source: Developmental Assets: A Profile of Your Youth, Racine County Schools, Search Institute of Minneapolis, July 2010.

30 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County

Substance Abuse About the Indicator: Across the nation since 2002, rates of use for cocaine, methamphetamines, and other hallucinogens have either declined or remained steady, while rates of marijuana and heroin use have increased. Prescription drug misuse now accounts for more deaths than heroin and cocaine combined with roughly 50 Americans dying each day from prescription drug overdoses. As a whole, consumption patterns of illicit drugs in Wisconsin mirror national trends.

Wisconsin has consistently high rates of adult alcohol consumption compared to other states and the U.S. as a whole. In 2013, 23 percent of Wisconsin residents reported binge drinking, consuming more than four (for women) or five (for men) alcoholic beverages on a single occasion within a 30-day period.

Binge drinking is a risk factor for a number of adverse health outcomes such as alcohol poisoning, fetal alcohol syndrome, sudden infant death syndrome, violence, and motor vehicle crashes.

Alcohol/Drug Deaths 2013 39 deaths attributed largely to alcohol 2 fatal car accidents attributed to alcohol 11 deaths contributed to by heroin 18 deaths attributed largely to other drugs Source: Racine County Medical Examiner’s Office

Tobacco use has immediate and long-term negative effects and is the “leading preventable cause of death in the United States.� Twenty-four percent of Racine County residents self-identified as being current smokers as compared to 19 percent state-wide. More than 18 percent of mothers giving birth in 2012 self-identified as regular smokers, an increase of over 12 percent from 2005 and part of the upward trend in young female smokers.

391

154

2005

Alcohol and Drugs-Related Hospitalizations 352

354

370

115

119

116

2006

2007

2008

Alcohol

336

Trends: Alcohol-related 370

97

88

2009

2010

Drugs

Alcohol/Drugs/Tobacco as Underlying Cause of Death

350

hospitalizations have fluctuated over the past years, dipping to 280 in 2003 and then rising to 391 in 2005. Since 2005, there has been a 14.1 percent decrease in alcoholrelated hospitalizations in Racine County. Hospitalizations due to drug abuse increased between 2003 and 2005, but have since decreased by 37 percent.

Trends: Drug- and alcohol-related deaths range from 20 to 30 each year. Substance abuse in the form of tobacco use is the main substance contributing or underlying cause with about 300 deaths each year.

300 250 200 150 100 50 0

2005

2006

2007 Alcohol

Drugs

2008

2009

2010

Tobacco

Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Wisconsin Department of Health Services. County Health Profiles, Wisconsin Department of Health Services.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

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Domestic Violence, Child Abuse and Neglect About the Indicator: Domestic violence is a pattern of coercive behavior that may include physical, sexual, economic, emotional, and/or psychological abuse by an intimate family member. The Wisconsin Domestic Abuse Incident Report collects statistics from counties and publishes an annual report. Racine County did not participate in the data collection system between 2006 and 2008.

Alleged child abuse and neglect is reported to Racine County Human Services Department and investigated by the Child Protective Services Investigations Unit. Child maltreatment, pertaining to children 17 years and younger, is divided into four basic types: physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. Neglect is defined in the statutes as, “failure, refusal or inability on the part of a caregiver, for reasons other than poverty, to provide necessary care, food, clothing, medical or dental care or shelter so as to seriously endanger the physical health of the child.” Abuse and neglect are linked with language deficits, reduced cognitive functioning and attention deficit disorders.

Domestic Violence Reported Incidents - Racine County

Trends: The state report shows the number of reported domestic violence incidents peaking in 2005, but has been lower in recent years. Arrest rates for these reports averages 60 percent; in some cases, both parties involved are cited for the incident.

1,259 1,188 1,122 1,038

878

882

2010

2011

774

2002

Trends: Substantiated cases of child neglect have risen steadily since 2005 with a major decrease between 2011 and 2012. There has been a steady decrease in the number of substantiated sexual child abuse cases since 2000, in part due to the exclusion of “mutual sexual activity by minors” data after 2005.

2004

2005

2009

2012

Substantiated Cases of Child Abuse/Neglect

250 200 150 100 50 0

2005

2006

2007 Neglect

2008

2009

Physical

2010

2011

2012

Sexual

Source: Wisconsin Department of Justice Domestic Abuse Incident Report. Wisconsin Child Abuse and Neglect Reports, Wisconsin Department of Children and Families Centers.

32 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County

Overweight and Obesity About the Indicator: Overweight and obesity are both labels for ranges of weight that are greater than what is generally considered healthy for a given height. The terms also identify ranges of weight that have been shown to increase the likelihood of certain diseases and other health problems. For adults, overweight and obesity ranges are determined by using weight and height to calculate a number called the body mass index (BMI). BMI is used because, for most people, it correlates with their amount of body fat.

During the past 20 years, there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United States and rates remain high. Since 2006, the percent of Wisconsin adults considered obese has risen from 25 to nearly 30 percent. In comparison to other states, Wisconsin ranked 22nd for the number of adults who are obese with 29.8 percent of adults being considered obese in 2013.

31

28 25

26

2006

2008

29

2009

31 27

28

2010

2011

Racine County

An adult with a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.

Comparisons: Based on reports

Percent of Adults Considered Obese 30

An adult who has a BMI of 2529.9 is considered overweight.

30

30

2012

2013

from the Behavior Risk Factor Survey for 2006-2010, the percentage of adults estimated as being obese are higher for Racine County than for the state as a whole. Rates have remained stubbornly high, at around 30 percent, at the county, state and national levels. Please note: data was not available after the year 2010 for Racine County.

Wisconsin

Source: Centers for Disease Control. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: Prevalence and Trends Data–Overweight and Obesity, U.S. Obesity Trends, Trends by State 2010.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

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Crime and Arrests About the Indicator: Arrest statistics are reported in four major categories: Violent crime includes aggravated assault, rape, murder, and robbery; Property crime includes arson, burglary, fraud, and theft; Drug violations refer to the production, distribution, and/or use of certain controlled drugs or narcotics; Society arrests include weapons violations, prostitution, gambling, driving under the influence, disorderly conduct, and vagrancy, and for persons under age 18 - curfew and loitering, and runaways. For criminal activity reports, Part I crimes refer to violent and property crimes, excluding vandalism.

Part I Crime in Racine County

8,458

7,170

6,917

7,352

7,332

7,372 6,925

Trends: The 2012 Uniform Crime

6,995 6,262

6,574 5,937

6,283

Reporting data provided by Wisconsin law enforcement agencies indicates an 11.2 percent increase in violent crime and little change in property crime rates statewide. For Racine County, criminal activity has been trending downward since 2001.

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Arrests in Racine County by Type – Adults and Juveniles

Trends: Juvenile behavior typically

3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0

Violent

Property

Drugs

Society

Violent

Property

Adults

2009

Drugs

Society

mirrors the behavior of the adults in the community. While there are more adult arrests, the adult age range has greater population numbers than youth under age 17. The arrest patterns for each type of crime over the four-year period are similar, showing a decrease in total arrests for both age groups from 13,238 in 2009 to 9,770 arrests in 2012.

Juveniles

2010

2011

2012

Source: Crimes and Arrests in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Department of Justice. City-data.com Crime Rate Statistics.

34 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County

Crime and Arrests City of Racine Crime by Year 2000 Murders

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

4

4

2

3

5

16

7

7

10

3

8

5

4

15

22

26

22

18

31

16

27

19

35

19

14

31

Robberies

256

340

226

205

228

242

245

281

293

228

201

186

211

Assaults

261

245

152

87

95

102

207

192

220

182

159

119

128

Burglaries

1,195

1,174

967

836

1,017

982

1,113

945

1,299

1,108

971

1,239

1,101

Thefts

3,293

3,622

3,027

3,055

3,159

3,235

3,116

2,766

2,431

2,266

2,279

2,227

1,950

587

505

358

399

383

340

365

267

200

147

156

139

130

22

24

16

N/A

22

25

19

26

26

22

N/A

17

24

513.6

555.9

423.0

400.6

434.2

480.9

483.6

463.9

465.9

400.0

370.9

374.9

374.8

Rapes

Auto thefts Arson Crime Rate

U.S. average = 301.1

11,650

Trends: Persons are admitted to

Racine County Jail Admissions 11,624 11,118

10,642 9,712

9,688

9,275

the Racine County Jail for numerous reasons. Some of the causes are: Sentenced Inmates (Huber and General Population); Pre-trial detainees; State Probation Holds; Holds for other jurisdictions; and Returned on Writs.

The jail population increased significantly during the last decade, but has been declining since 2009.

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Source: Crimes and Arrests in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Department of Justice. City-data.com Crime Rate Statistics.

United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014 |

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Acknowledgements Special thanks to Marisol Beauford, Susan Gould, Kimberly Payne, Pheng Xiong, and T2W Incorporated for making this document possible.

Our 2014 United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report is available online. To view, print, search, or share the report, please visit unitedwayracine.org.

For more information, or to schedule a presentation or facilitated discussion about the community data within the report, please contact Kimberly Payne, vice president of community impact, at kpayne@unitedwayracine.org or 262-898-2240.

36 | United Way of Racine County Community Indicators Report 2014

United Way of Racine County 2000 Domanik Drive, Racine, Wisconsin 53404 262-898-2240 | www.unitedwayracine.org