Saharanpur Wood Carvers' association by vaibhav bansal

THESIS Year: 2020-21 Batch No. 18

SAHRANPUR WOOD CARVERS’ ASSOCIATION

Undertaken by: Vaibhav Kumar Bansal Enrollment No.: 16E1AAARM40P131 V Year B.Arch (C)

Prof. PUSHPAK BHAGWATI

Prof. ARCHANA SINGH

GUIDE

COORDINATOR

Aayojan School of Architecture ISI-4, RIICO Institutional Block, Sitapura, Jaipur-302022

CONTENTS Approval i Declaration ii Certificate

3.7 Kevin a. Lynch theory

Analysis

iii

4.1 Urban level

Contents iv

4.2 Master Plan

List of figures

vii

4.3 Neighborhood level

List of maps

4.4 SiTE Level

4.5 Site

4.6 Site IMAGES

4.7 Environmental analysis

4.8 Swot analysis

4.9 By laws and standards applicable

4.10 Area requirements

Acknowledgment

Introduction

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Saharanpur

1.3 Need of the study

1.4 Criteria of Selection

1.5 Objectives

1.6 Swot Analysis

1.7 Site Selection

Pre Design Studies

2.1 Kamir craft resource centre, Bhuj

2.2 Sanskriti kendra, Delhi

2.3 MNIT Innovation and Incubation Center, Jaipur

2.4 Workspaces in saharanpur

2.5 Regional context

2.6 Design Features

urban Studies

3.6 City character

3.1 Methodology

3.2 Elements of urban design

3.3 General characteristics

3.4 Urban FABRIC

3.5 Study on Working Condition of Artisans in Saharanpur

Concept and Design Proposal

5.1 Concept Development

5.2 Master Plan

5.3 Site View

5.4 Form Development

5.5 Ground Floor Plan

5.6 First Floor Plan

5.7 Roof Plan

5.8 Details

5.9 Shadow Analysis

5.10 Views

5.11 Blocks Plan

5.12 Blocks Plan

100

5.13 Sections

102

5.14 Sections

104

5.15 Sections

108

CHAPTER

1 The Indian Handicrafts through the ages fascinated the world by its creativity, aesthetics and exquisite craftsmanship. As a highly decentralized activity, handicrafts of India present rich cultural heritage and shining example of using local resources, skills and initiatives. India’s handicrafts are almost inexhaustible with infinite varieties which have been refined during course of changing history. The cross currents inspire the creative impulse of our craftsmen. Further crafts are results of years of unconscious experiment and evolution; skills inherited and passed over generations from forefathers to sons and grandsons. - Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India

INTRODUCTION

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2 SAHARANPUR

India has a long tradition of craftsmanship and it manifests in our culture, tradition & lifestyle. Handicrafts sector has played a significant and important role in our country’s economy not only in providing employment to vast segment of crafts persons in rural & semi urban areas but also in terms of generating substantial foreign exchange for the country besides preserving our cultural heritage. Today the rural and urban crafts continue to make a hefty contribution to the economy of the country as they did in the past. In many cases this has been in hidden contribution since these did not necessarily get reflected in the visible part of our economy. For Centuries the rural Artisans have been fulfilling the needs of local farmers and other rural inhabitants in the form of locally made products and services. With the advent of machine produced goods, many of our traditional artisans have had to face intense competition from growing industrial sector.

Saharanpur is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh with a rich heritage. Founded by Shah Ranveer Singh(15th century, the city got its name after the Sufi Saint Shah Harun Chisti (14th century). It was reportedly Bahul Lodi who settled some Afghani artisans at the outskirts of Saharanpur in the 15th century. Wooden Handicraft is a trademark to the rich culture and heritage that the city claims to possess. Saharanpur is internationally famous for wood carving. Dating back to about 400 years in Mughal period, some craftsmen came from Kashmir and settled down in Saharanpur and took this work as to earn their bread and butter. Gradually this art got extended amongst common man in Saharanpur. And now wooden handicraft work is famed all over the world. The vine-leaf patterns are a specialty of this region. Geometric and figurative carving is also done along with brass inlay work. The first organized wood carving unit is said to have been set up in 1882 by Atta Hussain, an immigrant from Multan. This district was declared as wood city of India in 2019. The Total export is about 200 Cr & Total Production is around 400 Cr. Around 50,000 artisans are engaged in this traditional work. Artisans are leaving this profession because of low income and hard work of 12 hours per day. But, unfortunately, the craftsmen are not acknowledged enough. The artists also face asthmatic and other eye problems because of wood dust and intricate carving in low lighting. They are not letting their children into this profession but according to their interviews this convoluted work need to start at early age of about 12yrs as their fingers are flexible at this age.

Fig. 1.1 Embroidery

Fig. 1.4 Block Printing

Fig. 1.2 Wood Working

Fig. 1.3 Blue Pottery

Fig. 1.5 Pottery

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Fig. 1.6 Workplace

Fig. 1.7 Workplace

Fig. 1.8 Street of Saharanpur

Fig. 1.9 Street of Saharanpur

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Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 1.3 NEED OF THE STUDY

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 1.7 SITE SELECTION

The intention is to create a platform that perceives the identity of Saharanpur as the ‘Wood capital of India’. The main focus is on the real needs and expectations of the people inhabiting the space to generate an immediate financial gain. The major constraints which the sector facing is Design & Product Development, appropriate technology for quality and mass production, marketing of their products, especially in this era of globalization of information technology which has major influence.

India

Map 1.1 World

Uttar Pradesh

1.4 CRITERIA OF SELECTION • Native professions being lost with time due to low income and lack of opportunities. • Initiating a platform with healthful working conditions. • Identification of wood capitol of India through its traditional art. • Technological advancements for better and fast production.

1.5 OBJECTIVES

Map 1.2 India

STRENGTH

Wooden Handicraft is a trademark to the rich culture and heritage that the city claims to possess. Saharanpur is internationally famous for wood carving. Main objective is to create an identity of this city as wood capitol of India through it’s traditional art. Map 1.3 Uttar Pradesh

WEAKNESS

- Strong economy base of wood carving. - Supply center for Agro based industries. - Strong Industry base.

- Inadequate civic infrastructure. - Traffic congestion and lack of mass transportation system. - Poorly managed green spaces and water bodies

OPPORTUNITIES

THREAT

- EDFC- Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridoor will help city grow. - Social and environmental inclusiveness.

Uttar Pradesh is the land of art and artisans. The state boasts off some of the most popular centers of art tradition in India like Stone-craft, pottery, Chikankari, Zari embroidery, glassware, textile printing, wood carving and carpet weaving. Saharanpur

• To create a center which attracts and provides a common platform for all the people engaged in this profession. • To explore the best possible environment for the artisans by working on the issues faced by them like poor light and ventilation conditions. • To exhibit/display their work directly to buyers and less intervention of exporters. • To explore best possibilities with wood as a material in the context of Saharanpur. • To come up with a center that is holistic in nature and is able to provide recognition to its every user.

1.6 SWOT ANALYSIS

The crafts of India are diverse, rich in history, culture and religion. The craft of each state in India reflect the influence of different empires and embedded as a culture and tradition within rural communities.

- Global and advanced competition for wooden handicrafts. - Neighbouring states Industrial policies. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 05

Key site plan Saharanpur is one of the important stations of proposed 1,839 km long Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) (Kolkata - Amritsar) which will ease Logistics activities from the city. EDFC will support Regional supply & trading hub for Wood carving. Map 1.4 Saharanpur

Site plan All facilities are nearby this location. This site is located in the center of existing workplaces of carvers. Map 1.5 Mandi Samiti

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CHAPTER

2 Pre-design is the phase of analysis that is necessary before design begins. During the pre-design phase, studies are done to analyze space requirement issues, the constraints and opportunities of the proposed site, and enables to comprehend design program with respect to Activity Organization, Site Planning, and Movement Pattern - Vehicular as well as pedestrian, network and connectivity. It develops understanding of complexities of urban dimensions in Architectural Projects and the integration of site with its urban surroundings.

- Fontan Architecture

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association PARAMETER

KHAMIR CRAFT CENTER

SANSKRITI KENDRA

MIIC

ANALYSIS

Location Architect Site area Typology of building Ground coverage Built up

Kukma, Bhuj, Kutch Neelkanth Chhaya 8093.71 Sqm Commercial 30% 2430 sqm

Mehrauli Gurgaon road, Delhi Uppal Ghosh & Moh. Shaheer 30,000 Sqm Mercantile 9% 4500 sqm

JLN marg, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 3600 sqm Commercial 81% 5600 sqm

All case studies are at different locations in different climates and with different site areas so that any block can be designed using these case studies

Site Context/ Regional Context

Khamir is located in the outskirts of the city 10 km away from Bhuj. The immediate context is open lands.

It is located 7 kms from IGI airportand nearest metro station is Arjangarh. The immediate context is open lands.

1 km walk from Saras dairy bus stop & 11 kms from Jaipur junction. It is located inside MNIT campus .

Case study 1 and 2 are following site context using existing site features but MIIC has different approach from other two with modern approach.

Architectural Style

Vernacular architecture

Modern architecture

Using locally available materials comfort can be achieved and traditional methods keep context essence in the building.

Site Planning

Administration block has been placed at the entrance of the gate and then comes the work spaces and the studios.

The site is divided into two zones: residential and public zone.

Administration and meeting rooms are in one zone and working space is in another zone.

Different approach has been used in all the case studies from linear to nodal to staggered.

Circulation

Circulation is majorly is concentrated on the central spine connecting the clusters.

Rhythm in movement pattern initiated by the use of mass and open spaces at every bend

The circulation core opens up in the galleries and they further connect various spaces.

Horizontal circulation within the courts enables an e x p e r i e n t i a l movement.

Design Features

Use of locally available material. Disaster resilient techniques. Clubbing of courtyards & activities. New techniques like POP sculptures wall.

Zero visibility from road thus preserving the isolation. Arrangement of squares to form open built and open spaces. Drain converted into Nahar.

Linear movement. Clubbing of courtyards & activities. Natural light through courtyards in corridors.

Using existing site features gives the site a new dimension which creates an impactful design.

Residencial

Public

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Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 2.4 WORKSPACES IN SAHARANPUR

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 2.5 REGIONAL CONTEXT

Carpentry workshop 125 sqm

Carpentry and Inlay workshop 280 sqm Map 2.1 Google Earth Image Showing Courtyards

Engraving worksop 80 sqm

Fig. 2.2 Courtyard

Fig. 2.3 Courtyard with Wind Circulation and Sun

- Courtyard was a common feature in Saharanpur‘s context having tangible and intangible values. It is an open central court which is an important aid to cooling house in warm weather. - Atrium can be used in composite climates as in summers they can be used to cool down and winters heat can be trapped inside. - Social gatherings or sitting outside is very common and can be incorporated in design by creating clusters having common courtyard or atrium.

Heritage- These images are showing historical context of city. Use of arches and wood as a structural material was common. - Exploring wood as a structural member for Wood Carving Design Center can be a revival of it’s own historical context.

Engraving workshop 40 sqm

Brass Inlay workshop 65 sqm

Wood Inlay workshop 12 sqm Fig. 2.1 Workshops

0 1 2

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Fig. 2.4 Images Showing Heritage Context

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Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 2.6 DESIGN FEATURES South orientation : Light on the southern facade is most abundant and relatively uniform. This is the most desirable facade for admitting light because the excess solar gain in the summer can be controlled with overhangs. Fenestration dimensions on the southern facade should be maximized. This direction is recommended for workshops in which intricate work has to be done such as engraving and inlay work.

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association East orientation and west orientation : Light on the eastern facade is variable throughout the day, admitting only half-day sunlight exposure. Due to this, optimum fenestration design on facade is more difficult and facade also experiences summer heat gains at unwanted times, while providing little passive solar contribution in winter. Dimensions as well as fenestrations on facade should be minimized. Vertical screens helps to control light. This is recommended for assembling and storing goods where min light is needed.

Fig. 2.5 Illustrations Showing Sun Shading In South

North orientation : Light on the northern facade is less abundant but more uniform and diffuse. It is second most desirable after the southern facade. Adequate fenestrations on the northern facade are recommended. This direction is recommended for workshops in which diffused lighting or ambient lighting has to be incorporated such as carpentry, assembling, or polishing. These types of works need around 300-500 lux for working and it can be combined with ambient general lighting as well for better and accurate light levels.

Fig. 2.7 Illustrations Showing Sun Shading In East and West

Built block organization : In winter solstice angle is 37.5 deg, so according to calculations length to height ratio should be 1.3. To gain direct sunlight, if a one-story building is 3.5m then the distance between these two blocks should be 4.5m and if a two-storey building is 7m then distance should be 9.3m. The organization also depends on other factors like sill level, lintel level and orientation of the block etc. which can be calculated through sun study.

4.6m

Fig. 2.6 Illustrations Showing Sun Shading In North

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9.3m

Fig. 2.8 Illustrations Showing Block Organization

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CHAPTER

3 Urban studies helps with the understanding of human values, development, and the interactions they have with their physical environment. A combination of urban planning, design, architecture, and sociology, urbanism takes an interdisciplinary look at how people who live in towns and cities interact with their built environments. Urban design is concerned with the arrangement, appearance and function of suburbs, towns and cities. It is both a process and an outcome of creating localities in which people live, engage with each other and engage with the physical place around them.

URBAN STUDIES

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 3.1 METHODOLOGY

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 3.2 ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN

Criteria of Selection Selection of the Area Formulation of Objectives

Urban design is concerned with the arrangement, appearance and function of suburbs, towns and cities. It is both a process and an outcome of creating localities in which people live, engage with each other and engage with the physical place around them. Urban design operates at many scales, from macro the macro scale of the urban structure (planning, zoning, transport and infrastructure networks) to the micro scale of street furniture and lighting. When fully integrated into policy and planning systems, urban design can be used to inform land use planning, infrastructure, built form and even the socio demographic mix of a place.

Site Analysis Data Collection Analysis and Inferences Recommendations and proposals LOCATION : Saharanpur, is a city lies in west of Uttar Pradesh. It is bordered by the state of Haryana on the west and north-west, Himachal Pradesh on North and Uttarakhand on north and west. It is now a municipal corporation city and selected under smart city mission for its growth and promote Agro and Wood industry of the city. CLIMATE : The climate of Saharanpur region is composite with three well defined seasons. The cold season begins by the end October and continues by the end of March. The hot summer begins with starting of April and continues by the mid of June. The monsoon starts by the mid of June to the end of September Maximum temperature goes till 112 °F(44 °C) in daytime & 98 °F(38 °C) in evening, and minimum temperature goes 44 °F(7 °C) in daytime & 33.8 °F (1 °C) in evening. SOIL TYPE : The soils of Saharanpur are mostly light with subordinate amount of medium texture soil. The light texture soils are represented by sandy, clay loam, sandy loam and loam. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 17

Fig. 3.1 Hierarchy of Elements

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Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

Streetscape + Landscape The design of public spaces such as streets, open spaces and pathways, includes landscaping, micro-climate, shading and planting.

Urban Structure The overall framework of a region, town or precinct, showing relationships between zones of built forms, land forms, natural environments, activities and open spaces. It encompasses broader systems including transport and infrastructure networks. Fig. 3.2 Urban structure

Fig. 3.4 Urban Grain

Urban Grain The balance of open space to built form, and the nature and extent of subdividing an area into smaller parcel or blocks. For example a ‘fine urban grain’ might constitute a network of small or detailed streetscapes. It takes into consideration the hierarchy of street types, the physical linkages and movement between locations, and modes of transport. Density + Mix The intensity of development and range of different uses (such as residential, commercial, institutional or recreational uses).

Fig. 3.3 Density + mix

Fig. 3.5 Height + Massing

Height + Massing The scale of buildings in relation to height and floor area, and how they relate to surrounding land forms, buildings and streets. Height and massing create the sense of openness or enclosure, and affect the amenity of streets, spaces and other buildings. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 19

Fig. 3.6 Streetscape

Fig. 3.7 Facade + Interface

Facade + Interface The relationship of buildings to the site, street and neighboring buildings and the architectural expression of their facades (projections, openings, patterns and materials). Details + Materials The appearance of objects and surfaces and the selection of materials in terms of detail, craftsmanship, texture, color, durability, sustainability and treatment. It includes street furniture, paving, lighting, signage. It contributes to human comfort, safety and enjoyment of the public domain. Landscape and Environment The natural environment includes the topography of landforms, water courses, vegetation - whether natural or introduced. It may be in the form of rivers and creeks, lakes, parks and recreational facilities, streetscapes or private gardens, and is often referred to as ‘green infrastructure’. Social + Economic Fabric The non physical aspects of urban form which includes social factors (culture, participation and well being) as well as productive capacity and economic prosperity of a community. It incorporates aspects such as demographics and life stages, social interaction and support networks. Public Realm The public realm includes the natural and built environment used by general public on a day-to-day basis such as streets, plazas, parks, and public infrastructure. Scale The size, bulk and perception of buildings and spaces. Bulk refers to the height, width and depth of a building in relation to other surrounding buildings, the street, setbacks and surrounding open spaces. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 20

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 3.3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association WOOD PRODUCTION FROM STATE FDC’S

Fig. 3.8 Chart Showing Wood Production in States

This demographic shows that U.P. Is the 2nd biggest producer of wood harvest which comes under doab region (land parcel of Uttar Pradesh between almighty rivers - Ganga and Yamuna). This grgion is rich in agriculture and has forest areas which accomplishes the need of wood for different purposes. SAHARANPUR DISTRICT

Map 3.1 Agroforestry Areas in India

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• According to Indian census, the district encompasses a geographical data area of 3689sqkm & has a population of 34,66382(persons), including 18,34,106(males) and 16,32,276(females). • The literacy rate in the district is 70.49% where 78.28% males and 61.74% females. • Main spoken languages are Hindi (80.80%), Urdu (18.57%), Punjabi (0.44%). • Labour force participation is 44.25% for the year 2017-2018. • This district was declared as wood city of India in 2019. • The Total export is about 200 Cr & Total Production is around 400 Cr. • Around 50,000 artisans are engaged in this traditional work.

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Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association PEOPLE People in Saharanpur have, for always, been working with wood. More than four lac people are directly or indirectly involved in the craft and still thrive on daily wages. Ninety percent of the artisans here are Muslims and their patterns are greatly influenced by Kashmiri designs. These ‘karigars’ are experts in ‘jaali’ or latticework. For years, their expertise and specialized skills have been passed down from generations.

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association of the Doab land which stretches between the holy rivers of the Ganges and the Yamuna, The Shivalik hills rise above it on the northern frontier The District covers a forest Cover of 332229 Hectare or 9.13% land area of Saharanpur covers as forest area. In the area under Shivalik reserve forest Shisham, Sal, etc are found. Popular & eucalyptus are also grown by farmers.

10%

90% Muslim

Others

Fig. 3.9 Chart Showing percentage of communities

Fig. 3.12 Images Showing Workplaces

Forest Cover

Cultivable Barren Land

40%

59%

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400

Non Agricultural Land

136

Saharanpur is situated in Uttar Pradesh and is administered by a Municipal Corporation. Saharanpur is also the administrative headquarters for the Saharanpur district as well as Saharanpur Division. The city was founded by a Sufi Saint, Shah Haroon who was also the treasurer of the Mughal Empire. It is located very close to Haryana and Uttarakhand states’ border and is surrounded by an agricultural region that produces grains as well as fruits. Saharanpur is quite popular for wood carving, Fig. 3.11 Land Distribution in District cottage industry, and agricultural produce such as mangoes and basmati rice. Industries such as Paper, Sugar, Textiles, Cigarette factories, etc are situated here. Sub-tropical climate influenced by the monsoon prevails in Saharanpur as it is situated very near to the Himalayan region. Sub humid region prevails in upper Ganga plains. Saharanpur’s average annual temperature is 23.3 deg. January is the coldest month and June, the hottest month. Humidity in the eastern region is higher than in the western region. Saharanpur forms the most northerly position

PLACE

RS. IN CRORE

Fig. 3.10 Images Showing Community People

ECONOMY The wooden handicrafts in Saharanpur include furniture, decorative items, and wooden items. These items are exported all over the world. The woodwork of Saharanpur district is world-famous and is exported to many Western countries. Wood carvings are done on decorated furniture, home furnishings, and children’s toys. These finished goods are exported to America, Spain, Germany, France, Canada, and the U.K. In 1980 the export of specially designed Indian furniture was to the tune of Rs 6 crore but during 1996-97 this export rose to about Rs 136 crore. Today the annual value of the wood carving industry of Saharanpur is pegged at about Rs 400 crore and it supports the livelihood of about 150,000 artisans. About 35 main furnishing firms of Saharanpur contribute half to the Indian export. Mango, sheesham, and teak wood is used mainly in this industry.

1980

1996

YEAR

2015

Fig. 3.13 Graph Showing Rise in Economy

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Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

3.4 URBAN FABRIC

3.5 STUDY ON WORKING CONDITION OF ARTISANS IN SAHARANPUR

Saharanpur is situated in Uttar Pradesh and is administered by a Municipal Corporation. Saharanpur is also the administrative headquarters for the Saharanpur district as well as Saharanpur Division. The city was founded by a Sufi Saint, Shah Haroon who was also the treasurer of the Mughal Empire. It is located very close to Haryana and Uttarakhand states’ border and is surrounded by an agricultural region that produces grains as well as fruits. Saharanpur is quite popular for wood carving, cottage industry, and agricultural produce such as mangoes and basmati rice. Industries such as Paper, Sugar, Textiles, Cigarette factories, etc are situated here. Sub-tropical climate influenced by the monsoon prevails in Saharanpur as it is situated very near to the Himalayan region. Sub humid region prevails in upper Ganga plains. Saharanpur’s average annual temperature is 23.3 deg. January is the coldest month and June, the hottest month. Humidity in the eastern region is higher than in the western region. Saharanpur forms the most northerly position of the Doab land which stretches between the holy rivers of the Ganges and the Yamuna, The Shivalik hills rise above it on the northern frontier The District covers a forest Cover of 332229 Hectare or 9.13% land area of Saharanpur covers as forest area. In the area under Shivalik reserve forest Shisham, Sal, etc are found. Popular & eucalyptus are also grown by farmers.

1. GENERAL PROFILE The information have been collected from the artisans by Aayushi Verma with the brief profile of socio-economic conditions of the respondents, including age, caste, marital status, education level, source of livelihood, family income, income from wood craft, health status etc. All the one hundred artisans, surveyed in the Khatakheri area at Saharanpur district were male artisans belonging to the Muslim community. A) Distribution of Artisans by their Age Group: The figure 1 clearly signifies that the majority of the respondents (65 percent) are in the age group of 26-40 years followed by 20 percent of respondents from the age group of 18-25 years. Nine percent of the respondents are from the age group of 41-55 years and 6 percent of respondents are from the age group of 56-70 years. Despite a majority of artisans belonging to a young age group, the craft industry is less progressive which further imposes immense pressure on the old age artisans to work hard.

DISTRICT HIGHLIGHTS 1. Saharanpur district ranks 24th in terms of population in Uttar Pradesh state. 2. The percentage share of urban population in the district is 30.8 percent as against 22.3 percent of the population in urban areas of the state. 3. Saharanpur district has population density of 940 persons per sq.km., which is more than the state average of 829 persons per sq.km. 4. Saharanpur district ranks 41th in terms of sex ratio (890) which is lower than the state average of 912 females per thousand males. 5. Saharanpur district ranks 29th in literacy with 70.5 percent which is higher than the state average of 67.7 percent. 6. There are 329 uninhabited villages out of total 1,572 villages in the district. 7. Decadal growth rate of the district 19.7 percent is lower than to the state average of 20.2 percent. 8. The district has 16 towns out of them 11 are statutory and 5 census towns.

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Fig. 3.14 Distribution of Artisans by their AgeGroup

Fig. 3.15 Education Level of Artisans of Saharanpur

B) Distribution of Artisans by their Educational Qualification: Education is very important step, which effects human efficiency. In this concern, education profile of the artisans has been depicted by (figure 2). It indicates that a majority of 46 percent respondents are illiterate which is quite a discouraging phenomenon. The percentage of respondents who have studied up to primary level stands at 40 percent whereas 7 percent of the respondents have studied till matriculation level and 5 percent of them have completed secondary level, only 2 percent of the respondents have studied till college & higher level. While talking to artisans, most of them said they wanted to focus on their education but could not continue it. Because of family responsibility, they left their school. Therefore, with the low education profile, they were not able to find any other job and were forced to adopt this tedious job either as a labor or self-employed artisan. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 26

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

C) Respondents Undergone Training on Wood Carving: Occupational training can be received through two ways such as formal an informal means in which formal training is given through specific training institute such as District Industrial Centre (DIC), Industrial training Institute (ITI) and few others (Dak, 1989). On the other hand, Informal training is considered as an informal way like no institution are involved in this type of training and people get training from their family members, relatives and other persons who are skilled in this profession. In this context, the artisans usually learn the skills of wood carving by just observing and working with the elders in their families or others at an early age. It is also clear

B) Health Status of Artisans: Out of the 100 respondents, 87 percent respondents have faced health issues in which the highest 43 percent of respondents were suffering from back pain because of continuous sitting posture at the time of work. Only 13 percent artisans do not have health issues. The second highest number of respondents at 11 percent are those facing eye and back pain problem and 8 percent were suffering from various breathing and eye problems due to unhygienic environment. According to table, 4 percent of artisans were suffering from breathing and nasal problems respectively, 5 percent were facing breathing, eye and back pain in all, while allergic issues were faced by 3 percent of the artisans. Two

from the sample that as 91 percent of respondents have said that they have participated in informal training to become an artisans under the guidance or supervision of his Ustaad or family member, whereas only 9% of the respondents have undergone formal training process of government. There were very less number of artisans who have been trained from formal training institutions.

Fig. 3.16 Formal and Informal Training on wood

2. SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE This section deals with the brief profile of socio economic conditions of the respondents including wages and health status of artisans. A) Income from Artisan Activities: Income plays an important role in the socio-economic condition of any person. Distribution of artisans by their level of income. As the figure shows that 45 percent of respondents have worked on Rs. 300 per day and 22 percent of artisans have earned Rs. 250 per day through wood carving profession, whereas 20 percent of respondents have worked for Rs. 150 per day and only 1 percent of respondent have earned Rs. 170 per day through this job. According to the living standard, the wages are not sufficient for fulfilling the basic requirements of people. After doing the work of 8 to 12 hours, they do not get a smart salary and spend their life with lots of trouble which are not enough to survive with unexpected expenses. Most of them said that their family had no savings since their income was spent for their daily expense on food, health, education of children and other expenses. Their income and expenditure are equivalent. All the respondents were not satisfied with their wages and they were not able to save. It was found that only 12 percent of respondents earn Rs. 500 as daily wage. Fig. 3.17 Distribution of wages per day Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 27

percent of artisans were found to be facing eye problem while 1 percent together faced breathing and nasal problems simultaneously.

Fig. 3.18 Health status

3. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES The present study highlights the discussion on artisans who are known as a common people, with many of them living below the poverty line. Most of them have very less income from their work. In this regard, in the past few years Saharanpur has faced the upheavals of shortages of artisans and incidents of communal violence. The economic slowdown had affected many industries and businesses in Saharanpur and have resulted into huge losses. Based on the survey of artisans, their skill, and their way of life are in unsatisfactory condition and they are facing challenges like lack of information, disconnection from consumers, low income, and others. A) Lack of Education: Education is the elementary requirement of human being which help the people reduce poverty, increase income and increase awareness in every sector. It can be said that education is the first doorstep towards personality development; next steps are communication skills and other life skills. In this context, the literacy rates of artisans in Saharanpur are very low. Due to lack of education artisans are not able to access government schemes and market information and few others. Low education level is the major problem among them because all the challenges are associated with education level. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 28

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

B) Low Wages and Remuneration: Income plays a vital role in the socio-economic condition of any person. A majority of artisans are just living on a subsistence level and the economic condition of the artisans is not satisfactory (Jain, 2000). Because of very less earning, they are very far from basic facilities till now and want to shift to alternative sources of earning. Thus, artisans of wood carving industry are struggling with their poor financial power. Most of them are surviving on loan and residing in rental houses. Apart from this, some of them are self-employed with their own workshop on rental basis where a group of artisans work together. Herein, they have family responsibility too. Due to family responsibility and lack of no other earning source in the family, a large group of artisans have adopted this laborious profession. According to the field survey of the production units in the city, the skilled artisans get Rs.150- 500 per day depending upon their expertise and experience. As a result, the financial condition of artisans is very pathetic.

do not know that how to access internet for design advancement, to make new prototypes and to learn new techniques for wood craft.

C) Lack of Basic Facilities: In the discourse of basic need, every human has a right to fulfill their basic need with satisfactory manner. In the context of artisans, they were avoiding their health issues and forced to themselves to work for many more hours for extra remuneration. Because of exposure to saw-dust, toxic fumes of varnishes and constant sitting for several hours, their health and work performance are affected. Back pain, breathing, malnutrition, pulmonary disease, allergy and eye ailments are common among them. Despite these diseases, they have access to private health care facilities in slum area because they preferred temporary doctor who provide medicines on cheapest price with speedy recovery. A healthy environment is the necessity for artisans which in turn will help them excel in their field. D) Lack of Awareness of Contemporary Marketing Techniques and New Technologies: In current scenario, everything has changed with a new outlook and as per the growing need of market culture. In today’s time, a large number of marketing techniques and advance technologies have been evolved in market for promotion and advancement of business which give benefits and growth from maker to consumer (Solanki, 2008). With the arrival of new technologies, new range of products with improved quality and design can be made for customer. Regarding this, it was found in the present survey that artisans are poor in awareness about the new trends of market and taste of consumers. Due to lack of information, a majority of artisans are not able to access these facilities and most of them are not aware of smart phone application, social media, and internet. They Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 29

E) Lack of Awareness of Government Schemes Related to Artisans and Skill Development and Technology Up gradation Program: Since the last few decades of the 20th century, the young generation has followed western culture with the rapid pace of technological shifts. A large pattern of young generation are using imported items like clothes, household items and few others which is the cause of crisis for craft sector. In this context, due to colonial policies, the crisis affected artisans and these policies caused isolation of the artisans from the modernization process (Qureshi, 1990). Therefore, craft sector is almost on the verge of vanishing but innovative thinking, new skills, more comprehensive efforts can make the craft sector more interesting and cost effective. Though central and state government have introduced several schemes from time to time for advancement and revival of handicraft but lack of awareness is a major issue for artisans which does not allow them to take benefit from these facilities and they remain empty handed. In this concern, while talking to artisans, it was found that a majority of the artisans have not received any formal training at any institution for skill development and design upgradation program which was the major requirement of the artisans, whereas, training is crucial for enlarging the production of goods and also for increasing employment opportunities. As a result, mostly artisans have disconnected from consumer need and it becomes difficult for artisans to understand his/her aesthetic and socio-cultural needs.

3.6 CITY CHARACTER It defines the urban fabric of the city which includes society, economy and infrastructure. To design a space for people or a community there should be thorough knowledge of the city, people and their behavior. It can be studied by conducting various studies with different parameters like conducting interviews for which space is going to be designed; collecting data on tangible and intangible aspects; psychology and behavior pattern of the people; mapping different layers f the city; demographics and physical infrastructure etc.

Fig. 3.19 Images defining Characyter of the City

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 30

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 3.7 KEVIN A. LYNCH THEORY According to Kevin A. Lynch there are five basic elements which people use to develop the urban fabric -

pathways PATHWAYS

Edges

District

Nodes

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association EDGES • They can be either real or perceived; • These are walls, shorelines, curbstone, streets, overpasses etc.; • Edges are linear elements that form boundaries between areas or linear breaks in continuity (e.g. railway cuts, shores walls).

landmark Fig. 3.20 Theory Illustrations

• These are streets, sideways, trails, canals, railroads, and other channels in which people travel; • They arrange space and movement between space;

Fig. 3.23 Illustrations Showing Edges

• Paths are the channels along which the observer moves. That maybe streets, walkways, transit lines, canals or railroads.

Fig. 3.24 Pathways Fig. 3.21 Illustrations Showing Pathways

Fig. 3.25 Edges

Paths direct the motion to specific direction Edges prevent motion in specific direction

Fig. 3.22 Pathways Illustrated

• These roads are defining the character of the area. This is showing the present condition and the behavior pattern of the area. • There is no rigid urban planning of the city, these communities are growing organically with very poor planning in terms of transportation, road quality, maintenance and drainage etc. • By knowing the street pattern and behavior of the roads it will help in designing an urban space for these people, so that space can be designed by removing these negative aspects and creating a better space without discarding the soul of the space. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 31

Fig. 3.26 Edges Illustrated

• These paths have very sharp edges creating a very bold imagionary line with no setbacks or any hierarchy of the space like open to semi-open to closed. • There are no set rules for construction and this old part of the city do not follow by laws or any standards for setbacks or any open space whic creates a very bold line along the pathways. • By knowing the edges and character of the area will help in designing the edges on the site like how edges can be enhanced or treated by keeping the same character of the space. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 32

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

LANDMARKS • These are another type of point reference, but in this case a observer does not enter within the space. • They are usually a rather simply defined physical object : buildings, signs, stores, mountains, public art etc. • Mobile points (such as sun) can be used as well

NODES • Large areas you can enter, serve as the foci of the city, neighborhood, district etc. • Offers the person in them multiple perspectives of the other core elements; • Nodes are points, the strategic spots in the city into which an observer can enter and which are intensive foci to and from where that person is traveling; • It can either be a gathering space or directed to many directions

Fig. 3.27 Illustrations Showing Landmarks

Fig. 3.33 Illustrations Showing Nodes

Fig. 3.28 Munna Lal Girls College

Fig. 3.29 Chilkana Bus Stand

Fig. 3.30 Digamber Jain School

Fig. 3.31 Mazahir Uloom

Fig. 3.34 Landmarks

Fig. 3.32 Landmarks

• This area doesn’t have any big landmark around. There are small schools or local bus stops which acts as landmarks for this particular area. • This existing Mandi works as a landmarks for this area itself, creating a wood center in this area for the acknowledgment for this craft all over India can become a city landmark. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 33

Fig. 3.37 Nodes

Fig. 3.35 Central Node

Fig. 3.36 Community Spaces

Fig. 3.38 Node

Fig. 3.39 Community Spaces

• Nodes explains how people reacts and behave by creating a small community within the space. Chowks (Squares), Chauraha (Junctions) and open spaces defines the nodal character of the space. • It is the most important feature of designing where nodes should be created by keeping the community character in mind. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 34

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association DISTRICTS • Medium to large areas that are two dimensional; • Districts are the medium to large sections of the city which the observer mentally enters ‘ inside of’ and which are recognizable as districts. • It includes topography, spatial form, colors, textures, Urban fabric. • Districts may have clear edges, or soft uncertain ones gradually fading into surrounding areas.

Fig. 3.40 Illustrations Showing Districts

Fig. 3.42 Districts

Fig. 3.43 Districts

Fig. 3.41 Districts

Fig. 3.44 Districts

• These images shows how road sides have totally different character and once one enters inside how the character changes to residential from commercial. • This study helps in defining spaces on the site and create zones with different districts and how they can be merged or segregated form one another according to the purpose of that specific space. • Landscape will be the intermediate channel which will connect two different spaces altogether. • As it’s a wood center for specific community, so it’s color and texture plays an important role to define its districts. • Raw form of concrete with wood complimenting the landscape and concrete can be used, as wood waste can be used for different purposes. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 35

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 3.8 INFERENCES

• By knowing the street pattern and behavior of the roads designing an urban space for these people by removing negative aspects and creating a better space without discarding soul of the space. Primary roads has been introduced simple but internal pedestrians has been introduced as sharp edgy. • Paths have very sharp edges creating a very bold imaginary line with no setbacks or any hierarchy of the space, so by keeping bold character, spaces has been provided a hierarchy like open to semi-open to closed. • Nodes explains how people reacts and behave by creating a small community within the space and becomes the most important feature of designing. Nodes has been introduced on hierarchy basis from small squares where only block artisans can sit to bigger squares where whole community can sit and relax to the biggest node in the center connecting all spaces and can be used for activities as well. • This existing Mandi works as a landmarks for this area itself, creating a wood center in this area for the acknowledgment for this craft all over India, can become a city landmark. • This study helps in defining spaces on the site and create zones with different districts and how they can be merged or segregated form one another according to the purpose of that specific space. • Landscape will be the intermediate channel which will connect two different spaces altogether. • As it’s a wood center for specific community, so it’s color and texture plays an important role to define its districts. • Raw form of concrete with wood complimenting the landscape and concrete can be used, as wood waste can be used for different purposes.

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 36

CHAPTER

4 Site analysis is a pre design research activity which focuses on existing and potential conditions on and around the building site. It is an inventory of the site factors and forces, and how they coexist and interact. The purpose of the analysis is to provide thorough information about the site assets and liabilities prior to starting the design process. The typical site analysis includes the site location and size, neighborhood context, zoning, legal aspects, geology, physiography, hydrology, soils, vegetation, wildlife, climate, culture, pedestrian and vehicular circulation, access, utilities, historic factors, density etc.

ANALYSIS

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 4.1 URBAN LEVEL • Wooden Handicraft is a trademark to the rich culture and heritage that the city claims to possess. It is internationally famous for wood carving. Main objective is to create an identity of this city as wood capitol of India through it’s traditional art. • Saharanpur is one of the important stations of proposed 1,839 km long Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) (KolkataAmritsar) which will ease Logistics activities from the city. EDFC will support Regional supply & trading hub for Wood carving. Connectivity with dedicated freight corridor will create potential for logistics industry. • Facilities like CFC, Seasoning plant, Auction areas are within the range of 500 m and main bus stand and railway station lies in the range of 2.5kms. 3.5kms 9mins

2.9kms 7mins

Site Urban Greens Water channels Primary Roads Secondary Roads Railway line Railway Station Map 4.1 Google Earth Image

Bus Stand Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 40

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

4.3 NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL ROAD NETWORK • This site is connected through two major roads which is 18m wide on north and east side, and two other tertiary roads on southern and western edge. • Chilkana road on northern edge is 18m wide road, which is a market place and a busy road during day time. • Mandi Samiti road on eastern side is currently 18m wide road which is busy during morning time. Map 4.2 Road Network

Fig. 4.3 Activities Mapping

TRAFFIC JAM AND ENCROACHMENT BY VENDORS 1. This road is busy throughout the day as in morning because of wood auctions there are number of trucks and trolleys responsible for Jam and then during the day because of encroachment of vendors and heavy traffic, it creates chaos. 2. It’s a 18m wide road but eventually vehicular movement gets around 12m. 3. Proposal of 30m road is given which will improve the vicinity of the area.

Fig. 4.4 Chilkana Road

Map 4.3 Morning Time During Auction

Map 4.4 Day Time

ROAD SECTIONS

Fig. 4.1 Mandi Samiti Road

Fig. 4.2 Chilkana Road

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 41

Fig. 4.5 Western Road

GREEN AND OPEN SPACES 1. Less no. of open and green spaces 2. Congested area without proper building setbacks and planning. 3. This 2kms area is occupied by carvers mostly but there is no designated park or other spaces for this community for their functions or gatherings. 4. A p a r k s h o u l d b e p r o v i d e d f o r t h e community for their better living standards which will help carvers and their families for daily activities and gatherings.

Fig. 4.6 Mandi Samiti Road

Map 4.5 Urban Greens

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 42

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association AREA OCCUPIED BY CARVERS 1. This site is located in the center of existing workplaces of carvers. 2. Around 50,000 artisans are engaged in this traditional work. 3. This whole area is covered by the carvers and itey tend to work within the walkable distance from their homes. 4. In 2007, Government approved a center 10kms away from this area but that didn’t because artisans didn’t go there and withdrew their participation because of the distance.

AMENITIES

Map 4.6 Area Occupied by Carvers

FACILITIES NEAR THE SITE

1. There is no government medical facility within the range of 2kms of this area if anything happens on the site during work, carvers go to government hospital which is 4.5kms from this site. 2. A small medical facility can be given on the site of emergency on the site. 3. As city is growing, a government medical facility can be proposed in the vicinity of the site for better living standards. 4. This municipal land can be used to create a medical facility for the people which will not just help this community but all the people

Map 4.9 Amenities

living around this area and neraby villages.

1. Common facility center (CFC), Seasoning plant and Auctions are in close vicinity of the site, so that transportation and availability of material will be easy. 2. Auctions on the main in the morning results into chaos and traffic jams which happens every day on mandi samiti road. 3. Introducing a designated place for auctions can reduce this chaos and can result into barrier free movemnt on the road. ACCESSIBILITY TO THE SITE 1. Chilkana bus stand is at walkable distance - 500mts. 2. Another main bus stop is at 1.8kms away from site. 3. These are two mini bus stops near this site which connects nearby villages from where carvers come to their work daily. 4. Nearest Major bus stand is Chilkana Bus stand which 400m away from the site but it has no designated place and no amenities around that. A big population of carvers comes from this area which needs better infrastructure.

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

RECOMMENDATIONS & PROPOSALS

Map 4.7 Facilities Around

1. A community park has been proposed for future expansion for the community for their better living standards which will help carvers and their families for daily activities and gatherings. 2. Proposed a designated space for auctions to reduce chaos on roads which will result into a barrier free movement. 3. Proposed renovation for Chilkana Bus stand which is 400m away from the site for better connectivity and facilities. 4. A small medical facility has been given on the site for emergency and a proposal for government hospital in the vicinity. 5. Proposal of 30m road is given which will improve the neighborhood and conncetivity of the area.

Map 4.8 Accessibility to the site

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 43

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 44

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

4.4 SITE LEVEL

VEGETATION SITE • The whole is site is 22ha (approx.). Out of which, 8ha has been designated for phase 1 development leaving the rest for future expansion. • There is an existing residential colony for the Mandi samiti on the southern side which will not be demolished as it can be used as accomodations for the Carvers.

• Presence of existing dense vegetation on the site not only purifies the air without the use of electricity or machinery but also adds rich amount of foliage which will help in shading at the time of harsh sun radiations.

Map 4.13 Vegetation

DRAINAGE

Map 4.10 Demonstration Land

ROAD NETWORK

Map 4.11 Road Network

• The domain has been chosen on the south-eastern bank of the site because of its accessibility from a primary road that is 18m wide and is directly connected to the national highway. • Entrance from other primary roads are avoided due to presence of crowded market which results in heavy traffic.

• Sewage pipe lines are present at the periphery of the site along with proper man holes nearby the site for appropriate excrement disposal. • There is a gradual slope towards the southern side of the slope.

Map 4.14 Drainage Pattern

SERVICES

LANDMARKS

• LT and HT lines both are running along the periphery of the site which makes the supply of electricity easier for the functioning of heavy machinery used by the carvers during the process of wood carving.

• Three worship areas are present at the site along with some nearby. • The most close by bus stand is the Chilkana bus stand which is at a walkable distance. • Munna Lal Girls College is present in the neighbouring vicinity of the site. Map 4.12 Landmarks

Map 4.15 Services Around the Site

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 45

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 46

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 4.5 SITE

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 4.6 SITE IMAGES

Fig. 4.7 North-East Corner

Fig. 4.8 Eastern Gate

Fig. 4.9 LT panels and water tank

Fig. 4.10 Southern side of the site

Fig. 4.11 Chosen area from the site

Fig. 4.12 Chosen area from the site

Fig. 4.13 Existing Manholes

Fig. 4.14 Existing Residential Blocks

Map 4.16 Site Plan

TOTAL SITE AREA 22 ha

CHOSEN SITE AREA 8 ha

TOPOGRAPHY Flat land Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 47

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 48

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 4.7 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association WIND ANALYSIS

SHADOW ANALYSIS

21ST JUNE

21ST DEC

08:00 AM

12:00 PM

04:00 PM

1. This analysis is showing how buildings can help in self shading 2. The longest shadows are in December at 08:00am and 04:00pm. 1. Maximum wind flow is from west direction. 2. Buildings are placed in such a way that they trap western winds. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 49

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 50

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association SUNPATH ANALYSIS

WEST WINDS

W N

E 1. Sun path showing a broader overview of sun on the site by mapping the path of the Sun across the sky at different times during the day throughout the year. 2. By tracing down the surface area illuminated by the sun, the location of fenestrations of a building can be optimized so that the thermal and visual comfort levels in the building are achieved. The shading devices can also be designed in the same way. 3. Composite climate - Maximum temperature goes till 104 °F(40 °C) in daytime & 95 °F(35 °C) in evening, and minimum temperature goes 66 °F(18 °C) in daytime & 55 °F (12 °C) in evening. 4. There is a difference of 318 mm | 13 inch of precipitation between the driest and wettest months. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 52

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 4.8 SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH

WEAKNESS

• The site has lot of potential since it is located near Railway station and well connected with NH344 from where all the exports and import is done. • The whole area falls in the premises of the water and drainage network of the city thus increasing site potential. • It is in the center of the carvers’ residential area and other facility

• Inadequate civic infrastructure. • Traffic congestion and lack of mass transportation system. • Lack of ICT interventions in Urban Governance • 18m wide road is present but due to informal activity zoning, the roads are narrow and unorganized. • No hotels or major landmark in close proximity which will compel

centers as these carvers need walkable distance from their homes

trainees to stay for shorter period.

OPPORTUNITIES • Due to the development on site, the area around the site could also gradually expand and evolve into a more development community with better pedestrian walkways integrated with the existing green areas. • 30m wide road proposed which will ease road congestions during morning auctions of wood.

THREAT

• There are high tension wires located nearby and inside the site which could cause harm if safe distance is not maintained. • Due to encroachment by local vendors and shopkeepers can lead to disputes in future. • Main two sides of the sides have shops which will affect aesthetics of the building from the road.

JURISDICTION & GOVERNING BODY

STAKEHOLDERS

• • • •

• Local wood carving association • Handicraft development commissioner • Exporters • Manufacturers • State Government.

Cluster development Agent (CDA); Implementing Agency (AI); District Industry Centre (DIC); Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME)

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 53

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 4.9 BY LAWS AND STANDARDS APPLICABLE

PROJECT TYPE

COMMERCIAL

INDUSTRIAL

FRONT

BACK

SIDE 1

SIDE 2

HEIGHT (M)

10.5

FAR

1.5

GROUND COVERAGE (%)

BASEMENT (M)

1/100 sqm

0.5/100 sqm

SET BACK

PARKING

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

• If a area is more than 10 acres then site should have reservoir of 1% of total site area proposed. Maximum depth of reservoir should be 2m. This should be used for surface run off only, no solid or waste water should be mixed. • 10% area of the overall site should be provided for open spaces. • If site is located on two different road width then front side will be counted on which more wider road is there. • If total site area is more than 20 acres then 5% of the total land should be given for reservoir for surface water recharge. Before construction of reservoir it’s feasibility should be checked and it’s depth should not be more than 3m. • In parks hardscape should not be more than 5%. • Landscape of the streets and parks should be done in a way which has minimum requirement of water so that even in summer days it doesnot get dry. • Under zonal development plan there should be minimum 5% area should be reserved for open spaces or public parks 1. Residential zone - minimum 10% area should be reserved for open space or public park 2. Non - Residential zone - minimum 5% area should be reserved for open space or public park 3. Open spaces standards - Minimum width of open spaces should be 7.5 m and minimum area should be 200sq.m.

5. Minimum distance between two junctions for 18-24m wide road will be 150m and 300m for more than 24m wide road. • Drainage pattern 1. There should be proper slop for drainage. 2. Road edges 3. Edges of roads should be kept non paved and pedestrians should be provided along the road. 4. These pathways should be perforated so that ground water can be recharged. • Cycle tracks For more than 18m wide roads cycle track should be provided under IRC:11-1962 1. Desirable Lane Width - Arterial Roads & Sub Arterial Roads 2.5 m - Distributory Roads 1.5 to 2.5 m 2. Minimum width for a two lane cycle track should be 2.2 m. and 3 m to 4 m for a common cycle track and footpath. In case of distributory roads minimum width should be 1.2 m. • Obstacles Where trees, electric poles and other encroachments create hindrance in the natural path of cycle, change the course of the cyclist with proper turning radius and bring back to the natural path. At such places minimum width in a stretch of 40 m can be:- Cycle Track = 0.75 m - Pedestrian = 0.6 m • Pavement Thickness (i) Sub-base (GSB) 10 cm thick (ii) Base (WMM) 7.5 cm (iii) BM 5 cm thick (iv) BC 2.5 cm • Edge Treatment - There should be 30x10x15cm sized kerbs should be used to segregate carriage way and cycle tracks or by railing. - Cycle track should be leveled 2-2.5cm below the main carriage way. - There should be raised pathway at the outer edge and KC drains should be used for drain.

ROADS, PATHWAYS AND CYCLE TRACKS Residential zone • There should be minimum width of 9m for 200m long road, 12m road for 201-400, 18m for 401-1000m, 24m for 1000m and 30m for more than 1000m long road. • Loop street width should be minimum 9m and maximum length should be 400m. • Sufficient diameter area should be 7.5m for dead end street of 9m wide road • Non - Residential zone 1. No road should be less than 12m wide road and maximum length can be 200m, 18m wide for 201-400m, 24m wide road for 401-1000m, 30m for more than 1000m. • Road Junctions 1. Less than 30 deg angle will be permitted only if traffic movement will be provided with full details. 2. Indian road congress will be followed for junction designs. 3. Diameter will be 4.5m for 18m wide road and 6m will be provided for more than 18m wide road. 4. Minimum distance in two T junctions for less than 18m wide roads it will be 2.5 times of the wider road. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 55

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 56

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

4.10 AREA REQUIREMENTS

SPACE

AREA/ UNIT SQM

NO. OF UNITS

TOTAL SQM

USER

ARTISAN WORKSPACE UNIT

128

2048

Artisans

MANUFACTURERS

150

4500

Artisans & Owner

EXPORTERS

300

2400

Artisans & owner

ADMINISTRATION

650

Association heads

MAINTENANCE OFFICE

300

Staff

TRAINING CENTERS

400

Trainees

MULTI PURPOSE HALL

150

For all

SERVICES

375

Staff

CANTEEN

Public

TOTAL

10887

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 57

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 58

CHAPTER

5 Concept design generally takes place after feasibility studies and options appraisals have been carried out and a project brief has been prepared. The concept design represents the design team’s initial response to the project brief. There are several steps involved in the design process for an architectural project. Each step is very important to the overall look, feel, and safety of the project. - Conceptual Design - Schematic Design - Design Development

CONCEPT AND DESIGN PROPOSAL

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.1 CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.1.4 BUILDING ORIENTATION

5.1.1 HOT AIR TREATMENT The wind-powered exhaust turbines are completely wind-driven, which means they require no electrical operating or wiring costs. The economical design requires very little maintenance and is built to withstand adverse weather with low structural impact and quiet operation. With just a wind breeze at 10 mph, the wind-powered exhaust turbines can exhaust over 7,000 CFM, allowing multiple air exchanges per hour

Fig. 5.1 Roof Fan Extractor

Building axis will be east-west tilted 8 degrees towards north, refrence taken from NPTEL courses. This tilt will will help in achieving thermal comfort and better lighting conditions through passive methods.

to decontaminate the air. Because the exhaust fans reduce trapped ceiling heat, they can also help reduce the temperature in facility by as much as 10°F. A more comfortable and clean working environment means safer conditions to enhance worker productivity and keep equipment in peak condition. Fig. 5.2 Sun Path

5.1.2 CENTRAL PLAZA Plaza is major part of the site which is connecting all the built blocks. So this plaza can be used as a central focus point which has a central axis through all these blocks. This plaza will divide different spaces and at the same time will connect them visually.

5.1.5 SOLAR PANELS Solar energy will be used on site as there is short supply of electricity in this region and carvers need optimum amount of light for working. Fig. 5.3 Solar Panel

5.1.6 PATH RELATIONSHIP CHART

5.1.3 NODAL POINTS Nodal points has been created to avoid chaos on the intersections and to make axis from one node to another node. These nodes will connect different spaces to each other. Pedestrians has been proposed all over the site for better accessibility for better pedestrian movement. Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 61

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 62

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.1.7 ZONING Entries to the Site

Nodal Points

Zoning

FUTURE EXPANSION

DEMOSTRATION LAND

RECREATIONAL AREA

EXISTING RESIDENCE

Existing entries on the site has been kept as it is as there there are exiting shops on the north and east side edges. Some entries has been provided in west and south side of the site for uniterrupted movent of vehivcles and people inside the site.

The central plaza acts as a focal point of the site which connects all the built blocks visually and at the same time divides the path into four different zones. Nodal points has been created to avoid chaos on the intersections and to make axis from one node to another node.

The project thus assimilates all these factors to design a center with a master plan of 22 ha that will be developed in phases. A patch of 8 ha has been selected for 1st phase development in which artisan units, manufacture units, exporter units and basic facilities will be introduced. Rest has been left for future expansion.

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 64

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.2 MASTER PLAN

Scale:1/2000 | Format A1 0 10 20 30

100

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 66

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.3 SITE VIEW

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 68

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.4 FORM DEVELOPMENT

Starting with a simple cuboid and splitting this into equal number of cubes and keeping east-west axis 8o tilted towards north for proper optimization of solar angles.

Planning is done in a cluster manner with a repetitive module of 4x4m so that blocks have more flexibility and can be utilized in future expansion without disturbing the architectural features.

Artisan blocks have flexibility of converting spaces according to the use. Cross ventilation used to boost wind circulation inside blocks.

Exporter Unit has largely storage area and can be cut into half and converted into manufacture block.

Blocks has been tilted on first floor to overshadow ground floor blocks and aesthetically appealing. West side blocks can be used for storage.

Exporter Unit Polishing area has been given on first floor so that polishing can be indoor and outdoor as required.

Exporter Unit

Manufacture Unit

Artisan unit

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 70

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.5 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

3 2 4

10 5

5 11

Scale:1/2000 | Format A1 0

100

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 72

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.6 FIRST FLOOR PLAN

3 2 4

10 5

5 11

Scale:1/2000 | Format A1 0

100

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 74

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.7 ROOF PLAN

Scale:1/2000 | Format A1 0

100

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 76

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 78

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.8 DETAILS Built Unbuilt

Site selected is 8 ha and built area is 1.08 ha

Circulation

Zoning and spill over

Cycle Circulation Pedestrian Circulation Vehicle Circulation

Manufacture Units Adminstration Exporter Units Artisan Units Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 80

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.9 SHADOW ANALYSIS

Section Showing First Floor Shadowing Ground Floor

June 9am

June 12pm

June 4pm

Staircase Connecting Two Blocks

Dec 9am

Dec 12pm

Dec 4pm

Gathering Space Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 82

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.10 VIEWS

Exporter Unit

Manufacture Unit

Entry

Gathering Space Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 84

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.11 BLOCKS PLAN Manufacture Unit

Exporter Unit

Canteen

Roof Plan

Ground Floor at +0.30

Roof Plan

Ground Floor at +0.00

Admin Area

First Floor at +3.95

Scale: 1/250 Format A1

Ground Floor at +0.45

Ground Floor at +0.30

Roof Plan Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 86

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.12 BLOCKS PLAN Carpentry Unit

Inaying Unit

Polishing Unit

Engraving Unit

Roof Plan

First Floor at +3.95

Ground Floor at +0.45

Scale 1:250

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 88

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.13 SECTIONS

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 90

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.14 SECTIONS

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 92

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 94

Saharanpur Wood Cravers’ Association 5.15 SECTIONS

Vaibhav Kumar Bansal | 96

Saharanpur Wood Carvers' association

Articles inside

Introduction