Edge City Refining Suburbanisms

_EDGE CITY 2.0

REFINING SUB/URBANISMS COLLECTIVE URBANISM IN PLANO, TX

INDEPENDENT STUDY SPRING 2018 ARC 389 RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE

VALENTINA SCALIA MSUD CANDIDATE 2018 SUPERVISING INSTRUCTOR: DEAN ALMY

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: URBAN FORMS_1

CONTENTS: 1_EVOLVING SUBURBANISMS

URBAN SUSTAINABILITY IN THE TEXAS TRIANGLE DFW METROPOLITAN GROWTH PLANO: HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM SHIFT: THE SUBURBANIZATION OF WORK

2_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

2_CORPORATE URBANISM

3_COLLECTIVE URBANISM

HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT

HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT

IMAGE: SKYLINES

IMAGE: SKYLINES

ARRIVAL: TANGENTIAL: DALLAS NORTH TOLLWAY INCORPORATED: DART: BUS

ARRIVAL: TANGENTIAL: I-75: CENTRAL EXPRESSWAY INCORPORATED: DART: URBAN RAIL + BUS

MIDDLE LANDSCAPES: THE SUB/URBAN EDGE PRIVATE VS PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT + SOCIAL CATCHMENT AND CONNECTIVITY - HIDDEN LANDSCAPES - FACADE - BACK OF HOUSE

MIDDLE LANDSCAPES: THE SUB/URBAN EDGE PRIVATE VS PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT - FACADE VS BACK OF HOUSE -HIDDEN LANDSCAPES + SOCIAL CATCHMENT AND CONNECTIVITY

SUB/URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES -HOUSING SECTION: FRONT AND SERVICES --PRIVATE TO PUBLIC DIAGRAM

SUB/URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES -HOUSING SECTION: FRONT AND SERVICES --PRIVATE TO PUBLIC DIAGRAM

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: URBAN FORMS_3

_INDEPENDENT STUDY PROPOSAL VALENTINA SCALIA UTEID: VS22888 INDEPENDENT STUDY PROPOSAL SPRING 2018 ARC 389 ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECT Supervising Instructor: Dean Almy EID: dja@eid.utexas.edu

influences rapid urban growth in the Texas Triangle has had on an urban social sustainability level.

The study will focus on the Dallas Metropolitan area, its growth as influenced by its regional transportation system (DARTDallas area rapid transit) and the effect it has had in the peripheral growth of the city.

PROPOSED COURSE DESCRIPTION: ARC 389 RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE/URBAN DESIGN The Texas Urban Triangle, formed by the cities of Dallas-Forth Worth, Houston, Austin and San Antonio – 17 million persons spread over 58,000 square miles – is a new urban phenomenon, a triangular megalopolis whose development is neither linear nor contiguous.

This urban phenomenon has been almost exclusively studied through economic sustainability and transportation connectivity frameworks.

PLANO: CORPORATE GROWTH, COMMUNITY AND EQUITY: The course will focus on the morphological evolution of the city of Plano. The city’s historical growth will be contextualized by the systematic growth of the city of Dallas, its transportation system, and the role Plano has played at a regional level.

Today, Plano is experiencing a changing urbanization pattern characterized by large scale corporate developments. This study aims to examine the effects said developments have to the city fabric and the community that inhabits it.

The independent study will be a semester-long applied research study intended to examine the

METHODOLOGY: First, a social sustainability framework will be developed to

4_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

delineate key social sustainability elements: 1. A historical morphological study of the city fabric and its components developed with an emphasis on ideal mobility patterns conducive to social sustainability.

2. An inventory of metropolitan planning policies and its influences in community and equity.

3. A cause-effect framework will study the effects metropolitan planning policies have in mobility patterns and, therefore, community and equity.

This study will aim to expand the conversation on sustainable urban growth by providing a social sustainability framework for making decisions about future growth in one of the fastest growing regions of Texas based on community and equity.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: - Study the relationship Community and Regional Planning has in Urban Design practice.

- Evaluate the ways urban metropolitan policy has shaped the

contemporary landscape over time - Expand a socio-political “vocabulary” as it relates to Urban Design practice.

- Explore research frameworks and its applicable use to case study research and design.

- Further develop visual and written communication skills.

JUSTIFICATION The proposed independent applied research study will serve as a complement and continuation to the work I have been involved in while enrolled in the Urban Design Studio during the fall of 2017. This independent study project will not substitute any required credits to complete my degree requirements, it only seeks to serve as a Terminal Urban Design Applied Research Project. The project will consist of: ­ [3] ARC credit hours oriented towards the investigation of metropolitan planning policies and its influences in community and equity and morphological study of the city fabric as a result of metropolitan planning policies.

TOPICS OF INTEREST POLICY: HOW DID WE GET HERE? ­Investigation into history of metropolitan planning policies. ­Economic factors leading development patterns.

COMMUNITY AND EQUITY: HOW DOES CITY FORM AFFECT SOCIETY? Ultimately, city morphology affects our ability to pursuit happiness and the elements that allows to gather and interact with one another can be measured. Mobility patterns play a key role in the way in which we experience the city and interact with the people around us.

In his book: The Happy City, Montgomery argues access to public space is key to the happiness in the city. He sums up our need to gather in the following quotation: “When you think about it, none of this crowd affinity should be a surprise.

Almost all of us will choose a seat in a restaurant with a view of others.

People will show up for the most mundane small-town parades. We like to look at each other. We enjoy hovering in the zone somewhere between strangers and intimates. We want the opportunity to watch and be watched, even if we have no intention of ever actually making contact with one another. This hunger for time among strangers is so widespread that seems to contradict the urge to retreat that helped create the dispersed city in the first place.”

(152-153)

DELIVERABLES - Weekly review sessions with supervising advisor.

- REPORT 1. Investigation of current metropolitan policies in place and their effect in the city’s morphologies.

2. Developing [2] analytical frameworks: social sustainability standards and ideal mobility patterns.

3. Using the analytical frameworks developed, study the effects metropolitan planning policies have in mobility patterns and, therefore, community and equity.

- FINAL REVIEW 1. Brief overview of analytical frameworks.

2. Analytical framework application to the selected case study: Plano, TX

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: URBAN FORMS_5

1.

E V O L V I N G LANDSCAPES

6_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_URBAN SUSTAINABILITY IN THE TEXAS TRIANGLE The Texas Urban Triangle, formed by the cities of Dallas-Forth Worth, Houston, Austin and San Antonio – 17 million persons spread over 58,000 square miles – is a new urban phenomenon, a triangular megalopolis whose development is neither linear nor contiguous.1 The Texas Triangle has been almost exclusively studied through economic sustainability and transportation connectivity frameworks. In fact, according to the Texas Department of Transportation, delivering safe, reliable, and integrated transportation systems is the key to a better quality of life.2 But then again, how is TxDOT to continue to provide a safe and integrated transportation system for the fastest-growing – suburban – metropolitan area in the United States?

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Texas suburban or ‘edge cities’ account for half of the top 10 fastest-growing cities in the United States.3 Unless the Texas economy slows its growth down – and its pressure on our road system – the Texas Triangle will be forced to start aggressively investing in alternative transportation systems. Perhaps, the sheer scale and extent of the suburban landscape necessary to contain this predicted growth will be enough to slow down Texas’ economic growth. Texas needs to start opening a dialogue about what is necessary to provide a wholesome quality of life to the growing work force moving to its suburbs contextualized beyond its roads and open spaces.

1 Michael Neuman and Elise Bright, Texas Urban Triangle, report no. SWUTC/08/167166-1, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System (College Station, TX: Southwest Region University Transportation Center, 2008), V. 2 Texas Department of Transportation (State of Texas). Values, Vision, Mission and Goals. Accessed February 18, 2018. https://www.txdot. gov/inside-txdot/contact-us/mission.html.

3 ”Suburbs of Houston and Dallas Top List of Fastest-Growing Cities in U.S.” The Texas Tribune, May 25, 2017. Accessed February 18, 2018. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-492801647.html?refid=easy_hf.

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: URBAN FORMS_7

8_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

Michael Dear notes, “It is no longer the center that organizes the urban hinterlands but the hinterlands that determine what remains of the center.

The imperatives of fragmentation have become the principal dynamic in contemporary cities… In contemporary urban landscapes, ‘city centers’ become, in effect, an externality of fragmented urbanism; they are frequently grafted onto the landscape as an afterthought by developers and politicians concerned with identity and tradition. Conventions of ‘suburbanization’ become redundant in an urban process that bears no relationship to a core-related decentralization.”1 1 Paul L. Knox, Metroburbia, USA (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2008), 38-39.

UNDEFINED EDGES: In other words, because the city center is no longer that which defines the character of a city, but the hinterlands that define the metropolis, that the phenomenons associated with evolving suburbanization patters are increasingly relevant to the discourse of urbanism today. Therefore, the focus of this study is that of one of these hinterlands: Plano, TX.

Acknowledging its continued growth, Plano has implemented a ‘Growth and Change’ plan identifying areas within the city in which growth may occur, as well as areas of Plano that should be conserved. Plano’s Growth Plan has prioritized 80% of the city’s land area as conservation areas which should either be left untouched or remain open space. In short, the ‘Growth and Change’ highlights the importance of preserving Plano’s suburban character.3

SUBJECT:

BEFORE_ THE CENTER ORGANIZES THE EDGE

NOW_ THE EDGE ORGANIZES THE CENTER

Plano was incorporated as a city in 1872 following its connection to the Central Texas Railway system.

Its population is estimated at approximately 286,000 people and its density is at 6 people per acre.

Plano double its population between 1990 and 2000. Most recently, the city continues to growth steadily at a 10% rate as it invites several large corporate employers, among them: Capital One Finance – the largest employer in the city – DXC Technology, Bank of America Home Loans, Ericsson, and Toyota.2

However, the city has identified two key areas for growth and redevelopment: the city’s historical downtown area, to the south east of the city limits, and about 10 square miles of land reserved for large scale corporate development, to the north west of the city limits.

2 “Plano Population 2018.” Plano Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs). Accessed February 18, 2018. http://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/plano-population/.

3 “Plano Tomorrow Plan Details.” Plano Tomorrow Plan Details | Plano, TX. Accessed February 18, 2018. https://www.plano.gov/2669/ Plano-Tomorrow-Plan-Details.

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: URBAN FORMS_9

_POLYCENTRIC GROWTH: RECENT HISTORIC SNAPSHOT 2000

10_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

2011

2016

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: URBAN FORMS_11

Pizza Hut, Inc $15.9 B HP Enterprise, LLC $13.0 B

Dr Pepper $5.9 B JC Penney $11.8 B

PLANO

BNSF Railway $21.5 B

FORT WORTH

American Airlines $26.7B

DR Horton $6.2 B

Flour Corp $27.3 B

IRVING

Michaels $10.1 B Commecial Metals $7.0 B

Exxon Mobil $407.6 B Kimberly-Clark $21.1 B

Texas Instruments $12.2 B Energy Transfer Lone Starts Funds Celanese $4.3 B $48.9 B $6.5 B Dean Foods Holly Frontier Corp $9.9 B Energy Future Holdings $20.1 B $5.8 B Southwest Airlines $17.7 B Hunt Oil Company $4.0 B Tenet Healthcare $12.0 B

AT&T $128.7 B 7-Eleven $23.3 B Neiman Marcus $4.6 B

DALLAS

Halliburton $29.4 B

0

2.5

5

10miles

_THE LARGEST COMPANIES HEADQUARTERED IN NORTH TEXAS 12_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_CAUSATION: THE SUBURBANIZATION OF WORK

Manufacturing

Living

d lroa i a R

1900s

Farms

d lroa i a R

1950s

City Work

Living

Living

Living

Commerce

Town

Commerce

Farms

Living

Farms

Living

Living

Industry

Manufacturing Capital Networks

d lroa i a R

Farms

“According to landscape architect Louise Mozingo, corporate management offices of many US companies were once split between two distinct places: office buildings in the central city, where they were close to capital networks, and manufacturing facilities at the periphery, where they were close to production.”

2000s

City Work

Living

2050s [?]

“As they had done earlier with their factories, these corporations looked to the periphery for more and cheaper land, as well as more control over their land and building projects. Unlike factories, these new high-quality facilities were built to attract and retain top scientific and business talent. This was true not only of research and development facilities, but also of corporate headquarters. […]”

(Sub/Urbanisms pg.25)

(Sub/Urbanisms pg.25) SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: URBAN FORMS_13

25

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

[ ] ‘85

POP-CULTURE : ON URBAN SPRAWL

PLANO DAILY START COURIER SEP 23 1985

[DART]

PLANO - Beginning Monday, Plano residents can take a bus across town or across the whole North Dallas area as the Dallas Area Rapid Transit authority begins its local and regional services to the suburbs.

267,487

Ericsson announces plans to establish research center at its Plano headquarters.

Plano signs Sister City agreement with Hsinchu, Taiwan.

Collin County Adoption Resource Center opens.

Baylor Regional Medical Center at Plano opens for business.

Christopher A. Parr Library opens to the public.

Haggard Memorial Park reopens after a six month renovation and grooming.

December 2002 DART light rail service begins in Plano.

2001 Plano Conservancy is founded.

222,030

Ceremonial groundbreaking for the Legacy Town Center.

1996 Plano issues more residential building permits than in any previous year.

DART designates a full service stop in downtown Plano for its light rail service.

Plano police announce the arrest of the city’s biggest heroin supplier.

Capital improvement projects include a new central fi re station, new police and courts building, a senior citizens community center, another municipal golf course and another natatorium.

Plano earns title of “All-America City” from the National Civic League Teen curfew ordinance is approved by Plano City Council.

Plano Arts Festival is poorly attended and plans for future events are subsequently cancelled.

City Council approves the purchase of the Downtown Center for additional parking.

The Downtown Development Plan is approved by City Council.

128,713 a 78% increase since 1980.

City Council issues $20 millionbonds to fund construction of a civic center.

1987 Douglass Community Center is completed.

September 16, 1985 DART begins fi rst suburban service to Plano.

1986 City of Plano renames east-west thoroughfare Carpenter Road – Legacy Drive.

2011

2010

Ericsson announces plans to establish research center at its Plano headquarters.

14_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

2000

37.2 259,841 ‘planoites’

‘83

34.1

1980

1983 Collin County voters approve a $59.6 million bond program for roads, bridges and the county’s Open Space program and Youth Park.

February, 1983-May, 1984 Plano schools receive national attention after the suicide deaths of eight Plano teenagers.

40

SEP 15 1985

30

an increase of 304% since 1970

35

27.4

300,000

72,331 ppl

45 “In its August 15 issue, Newsweek dissected the Plano lifestyle in a three-page story with the headline, “An idyllic Dallas suburb is discovering the sorrows of rootlessness and isolation.”

_PLANO: A HISTORIC OVERVIEW

2013

2014

2015

286,057

283,250

278,346

275,197

272,833

2012

44.5

n age

plano is getting older : increasing media

2016

2017

2018

2030

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: URBAN FORMS_15

1 07 , 6 0 2 pe o ple

1986

the Campus at Legacy _Completed:1986

DART la

miless

Dallas 16_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

< Dal

Collin County

20.3

Denton

Downtown Plano _Incorporated:1873

_1980s : A SOCIAL CRISIS

“Emile Durkheim never set foot in Plano, but he wrote a book that hits the Plano issues right on the mark. The book, Le Suicide, was published in 1897. Durkheim believed that suicide is a failure of society rather than a failure of the individual and contended that there is an inverse corollary between the amount of social integration of a culture and the number of people in that culture who commit suicide.”

“It is more difficult for the individual to feel a sense of identity within a homogeneous culture than within varied, heterogeneous culture. During his studies Durkheim coined the term “anomie” to describe what he considered the root cause of suicide: a feeling of social isolation that one gets when he is unsure about his role in society, his identity.” 1

PLANO DAILY START COURIER JULY 13 1986 1 STITELER, ROWLAND. “WHY PLANO? When young people choose to die...” D Magazine, December 1983. Accessed March 6, 2018. https:// www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/1983/december/why-plano/.

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: URBAN FORMS_17

1991

1996

EXPANDING SUBURBIA

18_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

2001

CORPORATE GROWTH

+ NEIGHBORHOOD CENTERS

2011

2016

107,602 PEOPLE

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: URBAN FORMS_19

2 . CO R P O R AT E U R B A N I S M

20_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_IMAGE: SKYLINE

SECTION 2 CORPORATE URBANISM_21

40ft

40ft

55ft

80ft

110ft

35ft

Dallas North Tollway

DART: BUS ROUTE DART: RAIL SYSTEM ISOLATION HIGHWAY ARTERIALS STREETS PARKING

ACTIVE SIDEWALKS PARKS PLAZAS SOCIAL INTERACTION

22_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_ARRIVAL: TANGENTIAL: DALLAS NORTH TOLLWAY

Dallas North Tollway

Imagery ©2018 Google, Map data ©2018 Google

500 ft

SECTION 2 CORPORATE URBANISM_23

_LEGACY WEST, CONNECTIVITY 1,500 ft

2.25

s

mile

Heritage Park

utes min T 7 / R e driv ia DA mileinutes v 6 .

2 32 m

White Rock Creek

1.3 miles 30 minute walk

8.1

1/4

1/2

1 mi

24_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

2.5

mile

s

Jasper High School + Robinson Middle + Gulledge Elementary

5m ile 14 st .5 oD 49 mile ow nto mi dr nu ive wn tes / 1 via 8 m Plan o DA in RT ute s

_LEGACY WEST, AMELIORATING COMMUTE TIME?

“The relatively dispersed and sometimes remote location of many suburban office complexes has meant almost total dependence on the automobile as a means of getting to work.“1 1992 In 2018, Legacy West, a corporate campus development, has integrated housing, retail, hotels and other amenities on-site, there-by reducing short everyday car trips for they employees and overall commuting times.

1

Rowe, Peter G. Making a Middle Landscape. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992, pg. 166

SECTION 2 CORPORATE URBANISM_25

According to multiple studies, public transportation plays a key role in the economic development of both urban and suburban land. Weinsteinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s study quantified the economic value DART played in the development of the DFW urban landscape.

26_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

However...

Legacy West marginalizes its connection to the DART bus system in favor of privatized car dependency while also preparing for the diminishing use of the car by building flexible parking structures.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The relatively dispersed and sometimes remote location of many suburban office complexes has meant almost total dependence on the automobile as a means of getting to work.â&#x20AC;&#x153;1 1992 In 2018, Legacy West, a corporate campus development, has integrated housing, retail, hotels and other amenities on-site, there-by reducing short everyday car trips for they employees and overall commuting times.

1

Rowe, Peter G. Making a Middle Landscape. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992, pg. 166 SECTION 2 CORPORATE URBANISM_27

28_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_MIDDLE LANDSCAPES: THE SUB/URBAN EDGE 55ft

Housing

Car

“Many suburbanites take free parking for granted, whether it’s in the lot of a big-box store or at home in the driveway. Yet the presence of so many parking spaces is an artifact of regulation and serves as a powerful subsidy to cars and car trips. Legally mandated parking lowers the market price of parking spaces, often to zero. Zoning and development restrictions often require a large number of parking spaces attached to a store or a smaller number of spaces attached to a house or apartment block.

If developers were allowed to face directly the high land costs of providing so much parking, the number of spaces would be a result of a careful economic calculation rather than a matter of satisfying a legal requirement. Parking would be scarcer, and more likely to have a price — or a higher one than it does now — and people would be more careful about when and where they drove.”1

‘NO PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC’ 1 Cowen, Tyler. “Why Free Parking Comes at a Price.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 14 Aug. 2010, www.nytimes. com/2010/08/15/business/economy/15view.html.

SECTION 2 CORPORATE URBANISM_29

_ARRIVAL: TRANSITIONAL LANDSCAPES

CLEAR GATEWAY

MACHINE SCALE ARE WE KEEPING THE CAR OUT OR CONTAINING PEOPLE IN?

30_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

THE SHOPPES AT LEGACY: PRIVATE INDUSTRY RESPONDS TO THE NEED FOR COMPACT URBAN SPACES FOR PEOPLE.

HUMAN SCALE

SECTION 2 CORPORATE URBANISM_31

1in=20ft 0

10

Flexible Parking Structure

32_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

20

40

80ft

WHY HIDE THE CAR?

SECTION 2 CORPORATE URBANISM_33

34_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_FACADE

1in=20ft 0

10

20

80ft

40

Flexible Parking Structure

“In suburban downtowns, where sufficient parking is still critical to operational viability, land prices and parking rates typically have not risen to levels that support the cost of structured parking. As a result, vast quantities of land are committed to surface parking in patterns that work against adequate numbers and concentration of the shops, restaurants, theaters, and cafés that draw enough patrons to activate those downtowns.

Redevelopment potential could be substantial.1“

1 “Flexible Parking Structures as Civic Catalysts.” Urban Land Magazine, 6 Feb. 2015, urbanland.uli.org/industry-sectors/ infrastructure-transit/flexible-parking-structures-civic-catalysts/.

SECTION 2 CORPORATE URBANISM_35

36_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

25ft

50ft

Flexible Parking Structure

Alley

“The primary role of alleys has traditionally been to hide the more unsightly functions of our communities; the garages, garbage cans, transformers, electric meters, and telephone equipment. However, today their other positive impacts are celebrated as well: making possible narrower lots as garages are now accessed from the rear as opposed to being a prominent feature in front of a residence, enhancing safety as sidewalks and pedestrians become separated from the access requirements of vehicles, providing additional building access for firefighters, and creating a more casual neighborhood space adjacent to back yard activity centers, which leave the front of the house as a more formal community space.”1

1

Canin Associates. “Alleys in Urban Design: History and Application.” Canin Associates. July 10, 2015. Accessed May 05, 2018. http:// www.canin.com/alleys-in-urban-design-history-application/.

SECTION 2 CORPORATE URBANISM_37

3 . T H E P U B L I C S P H E R E

38_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_METHODOLOGY /SCOPE Ever since its boom in the 1950s, the suburbanization patterns in the US have been a constant subject of study for those concerned with sustainable land use planning. And while the subject can be framed by many societal factors, for the purposes of this study, only spatial factors relating to connectivity and economic development will be analyzed. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The environmental types considered will be analyzed from the viewpoint of harmonious visual relationships within themselves, and from the viewpoint of their coordination with the micro-landscape as well as the macro-landscape.

[The man-made landscape] will be measured against abstract aesthetic criteria, such as those of continuity, contrast, rhythm, balance, articulation, proportion, and focus, and the resulting conclusions will be checked back against the functional requirements of the activity or technological form in question, and against their potential for human use and enjoymentâ&#x20AC;?1

1

Tunnard, Christopher, Boris Pushkarev, and Geoffrey Baker. Man-made America: Chaos or Control?: An Inquiry into Selected Problems of Design in the Urbanized Landscape. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967, pg.9-10 SECTION 3 THE PUBLIC SPHERE_39

in m

lk wa

1

I M lk

in

10 m 1

lk wa MI

/2

5-min wa

20

_SUBURBAN FABRIC: SCALE

Commercial Center

Recreation

Education

1995, Plano 40_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_SUBURBAN FABRIC: SCALE, the evolution of the grid the 5 minute drive pattern

The historic development of the 5-minute walk: Undermined by suburban car-based zoning, the 5-minute walk is a key indicator of sustainable land use practices.

2 IMAGE:

Steuteville, Robert. “Great Idea: Pedestrian Shed and the 5-minute Walk.” CNU. May 27, 2017. Accessed May 05, 2018. https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/2017/02/07/great-idea-pedestrian-shed-and-5-minute-walk.

SECTION 3 THE PUBLIC SPHERE_41

_SUBURBAN FABRIC: THE ROLE OF THE STREET

MACHINE SCALE

42_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_SUBURBAN FABRIC: WHO IS THE STREET FOR? The role of the public sphere in the shaping of the middle landscapes between sub/urban corporate developments and traditional downtowns.

“Too often, developers and homebuilders who want to achieve a low price point for single-family homes cut corners by building communities without sidewalks, streetlights, or adequate shade trees, said Texasbased developer Frank Bliss, president of Cooper & Stebbins. Municipal governments must be involved at the beginning to ensure that new communities have the basic infrastructure of walkable environments, said Bliss, whose firm developed the 130-acre (53 ha) Southlake Town Square in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex.” 1 Plano has installed trash cans along its intersections to deter people from littering their streets. Along the same intersection, the pedestrian crossing lacks any type of trash can, recycling bin or street light, all of these are reserved for the traffic island serving automobiles. It is no surprise then that item number one listed as a source of litter in Plano is the pedestrian.2

HUMAN SCALE?

1 2

Bivins, Ralph. “Suburbs and Cities Are Becoming More Alike.” Urban Land Magazine, 13 Dec. 2016, urbanland.uli.org/development-business/suburbs-cities-becoming-alike/.

“Litter Facts.” Plano, TX | Official Website. Accessed May 06, 2018. https://www.plano.gov/1827/Litter.

SECTION 3 THE PUBLIC SPHERE_43

_ Plano Daily Star-Courier (Plano, Texas) Sun, Jul 13, 1986 · Page 1

“We are a nation that values privacy and individualism down to our very core, and the suburbs give us that.

But somewhere between leafy neighborhoods built around lively railroad villages and the shiny new subdivisions in cornfields on the way to Iowa that bill themselves as suburbs of Chicago, we took our wish for privacy too far. The suburbs overshot their mandate.”1

1 @leighgallagher, Leigh Gallagher. “The End of the Suburbs.” Time. July 31, 2013. Accessed May 05, 2018. http://ideas.time.com/2013/07/31/the-end-of-thesuburbs/.

Downloaded on Mar 1, 2018 44_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_PRIVACY: discourse, maintenance and relevance.

Ownership and jurisdiction: “Recently, Plano began a comprehensive review of the walls in its city.

Officials estimated there are about 140 miles of them within their borders.

Those range from natural walls made of bushes and trees to elaborate brick structures. A few are little more than painted slabs of concrete.

The city is responsible for about half of them because of a program in which the government agreed to take ownership once they were built. Officials say the cost of maintaining them continues to incrementally increase.” 1

Discourse: “In the case of screening walls throughout the city of Plano, there is contention among city staff, council and residents regarding where the responsibility for maintaining the walls lies.

2018, Plano, TX. Legacy Dr.

A new proposal by the city staff would change Plano’s policy about screening walls and could potentially add about 8 miles of wall to the city’s maintenance responsibility. At a cost for total replacement of $1.6 million per mile, members of the City Council are reluctant to adopt the policy.”

“Something seems uneasy ... to go on private property and take public money and build a wall,” Gallagher said at the meeting. “It needs work, it needs a lot of work; the HOA is going to call your bluff. As soon as the HOA [...] “However, Councilmen David Downs and Pat Gallagher, who were has a hole in their wall, they’re going to say, ‘hey, we’ll just leave it here and opposed to the policy, stated that the policy would pave the way for the city the city is going to get tired of looking at it, and they’ll fix it because they do to potentially take over responsibility for HOA-maintained walls in the future. it every place else.’”2 1 2 “Cities Find That Aesthetic Screening Walls Can Become an Ugly Headache.” Dallas News. November 24, 2013.

Cummings, Kevin. “Plano City Council Members Look at Screening Wall Policy.” Star Local. September 24, 2014.

Accessed May 05, 2018. https://www.dallasnews.com/news/plano/2013/11/23/cities-find-that-aesthetic-screening-walls- Accessed May 05, 2018. http://starlocalmedia.com/planocourier/plano-city-council-members-look-at-screening-wallcan-become-an-ugly-headache. policy/article_327ed7f4-43fe-11e4-ae39-7ba8c3f0fb7c.html.

SECTION 3 THE PUBLIC SPHERE_45

_SUBURBAN HOUSING ORGANIZATION: Alleys, streets and avenues.

50ft

100ft

200ft

400ft

Alley Street

Avenue

Built > 2000s

46_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

Imager y ©2018 Google, Map data ©2018 Google

100 ft

_SUBURBAN FABRIC

ISOLATION Highway Arterials Streets Alleyways Parking Yards Residential Streets Active Sidewalks Parks/Yards Plazas SOCIAL INTERACTION

SECTION 3 THE PUBLIC SPHERE_47

_SUBURBAN HOUSING ORGANIZATION: Alleys, streets and avenues.

Avenue Pools

Back Yards

Alley

Back Yards Front Yards

Street

Front Yards 50ft

100ft

200ft

400ft

Alley Street

Built < 1990s

48_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

ISOLATION Highway Arterials Streets Alleyways Parking Yards Residential Streets Active Sidewalks Parks/Yards Plazas SOCIAL INTERACTION

SECTION 3 THE PUBLIC SPHERE_49

3.COLLECTIVE U R B A N I S M

50_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_DOWNTOWN PLANO: REVIVAL In 1966, Christopher Tunnard wondered about the future of â&#x20AC;&#x153;the centerâ&#x20AC;? or downtown. He noted that as new retail centers developed in suburban areas, city centers were being redeveloped to focus solely in commercial activities other than retail. Often, the focus was on supporting office uses, such as wholesale distribution centers.1 50 years later, Downtown Plano sits as live example of a singleuse district trying to make a come back.

Programming Downtown Plano has been a both a challenge and a priority for the current administration, thereby emphasizing the cultural value urban centers have to any given community.

1 Tunnard, Christopher, Boris Pushkarev, and Geoffrey Baker. Man-made America: Chaos or Control?: An Inquiry into Selected Problems of Design in the Urbanized Landscape. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967, pg.14-15 SECTION 4 COLLECTIVE URBANISM_51

DART: BUS ROUTE DART: RAIL SYSTEM ISOLATION HIGHWAY ARTERIALS STREETS PARKING

ACTIVE SIDEWALKS PARKS PLAZAS SOCIAL INTERACTION

52_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_TANGENTIAL: I-75 [CENTRAL EXPY]: ACCESS TO DOWNTOWN PLANO

15th St

ntral Expy I-75 Ce

Imagery ©2018 Google, Map data ©2018 Google

500 ft

SECTION 4 COLLECTIVE URBANISM_53

54_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

DR LAVON

TO

Y. XPW

AR VIN

NTR . CE 5N US-7

JUPITER RD

ZION

RD NO PLA

ALMA

CUSTER RD

AVE K

SHILOH

JUPITER RD

PLANO RD E ILL NV EN

FLOYD

GL

T

LIO

K

EE

G CR

RIN

SHILOH

SP

DR LAVON

COUNTRY CLUB

E BROOKLIN

ROWLETT RD

IL TE RV

E US

ZION

HO

S ATE

W AT ER

RD TT RO W

LE

AD A PR LA

TO

LE

RD

SATURN

O

SHILOH

ARV IN

DAIRY

FIFTH

FIRST

RD D AN RL

NATIONAL

GA

CEN

WICKERSH AM

SHILOH

MERRITT

JUPITER RD

FERNDALE

FF CLI O RT H N

M

JUPITER RD

PLANO RD

GARLAND RD

MARS GLENBROOK

AUDELIA

JOAQUIN

BELTLINE

N

SHILOH

FER GUSO

RD N D AR LA G

N

AST O

RD N

HUNNICUT

475

RG FE

LI

G N RI

JIM MILLER

LA PRADA

CIS CHARIOT

FORNEY

111

DOLPHIN

SP

467

Mesquite

BUCKNER BLVD

ND RA

N

EA ST

DSL

G

EY

76

USO

G

MILIT ARY PKW

Y

597

MILITARY PKWY

282, 593, 595, 597

282

SA

597

M

SCYEN

E RD

HO

UST

S

MALCOLM X TRANSFER LOCATION

595 593

BRUTON

SAMUELL HIGH SCHOOL

JIM MILLER

592

475, 591, 592, 594

594

COMSTOCK MIDDLE SCHOOL

595

594 ELAM RD

LAKE JUNE

592

LAKE JUNE STATION 591 591

155 155

842

597

592 ELAM RD

LBJ FR WY

593

475

155

597

467

ST AUGUSTINE

F

HANBY STADIUM

IH-635

BRUTON

HAWN

PRAIRIE CREEK RD

DA

11

HILLBURN

2,11

CHEYENNE

T

PEACHTREE RD

ON

475 467

282

MILITARY PKWY

282

597 MASTERS DR

12

PIEDM

SCYENE RD

MASTERS DR

12

HOOD MIDDLE SCHOOL

N

282

SCYENE RD

ST AUGUSTINE

IN G HEG

O

N

FA YE E

593

DIX

SI EL

2

595

282

PRICHARD

AK O VE LI

19 W AY B M CO LI PS

AL

D BLV LK M

EXECUTIVE

FAIR OAKS

N MA LN D BIR G IN CK M O

ABRAMS RD

SKILLMAN ST

MATILDA

GREENVILLE AVE

McMILLAN

E

Y AV

NE

KIN

Mc

L

TO

CA PI

T ES

EL

Y.

EX PW

TRA L

EN

MAN ER SH

AV GREEN

SKILL

ABRAMS

S AK O IR FA

Y

E GREENVILL

AR VIN

M

BISHOP

HILLCREST RD

US -75 N. C EN ZION TR AL EX PW Y. SS

RO SS RO

N O AST G

TO

IN

ARV M

ST

TH RIN CO

R CR

E EWING

US-80 SAMUELL

BUCKNER BLVD

BECKLEY AV

110

HIGHLAND

111

LAWNVIEW STATION

PEMBERTON HILL

Y. THORNT ON FRW

VILLE

SCHROEDER

L EXPW Y. U.S-75 N. CENTRA K BROO SHADY

E

N

O D

LI

W O

BE LT

TO

PRESTON RD

USE

W AT ER HO

Y McKINNE

ROWLETT RD HO US VIAD TO UC N T

US HO

W AT MARSALISER

LEBISHOP

TT R ZANG D

W

RO

ADAMS

LLEWELLYN

USE HO

INDEPENDENCE

COIT RD

MAHAM

COIT RD

HILLCREST RD

PARK CENTRAL

MONTFORT

IH-635

ROWLETT RD

T LE W RO

BELTLINE

E

BECKLEY AV

SYLVAN AV

TYLER

POLK

W AT ER

RD TT LE W RO BELTLINE COIT RD

OHIO

HILLCREST RD

PRESTON RD

LBJ FR WY

BROOKLINE PEACHTREE RD

H TOLLWAY

DALLAST RNORT D

ROPER AV

SYLVAN

12 POLK

M

PRESTON RD

A AD PR

O AT ES PRESTON RD. PRES

TON

RD

CAMPBELL

PEAR RIDGE

KNOLL TRAIL

CHEYENNE

INWOOD RD

INWOOD RD

BLUEBONNET VI EW UFF BL

VINE

82 3 2 82

BROOKLIN

O

COUNTRY CLUB

MARS

DAIRY

HAM

A

HAMPTON RD

S

O ATE

HARTSDALE LA PR AD

AL E

ROWLETT RD

TE RV IL

N

CE

PARKWOOD QUORUM

MIDWAY RD

ST AUGUSTINE

LA

RD LE IL TE RV

CEN

GILPIN

BROOKLINE

DAIRY

FIFTH

FIRST PARKWOOD

LE

RD

SATURN

COMMUNICATIONS

DALLAS N. TOLLWAY ADDISON

MIDWAY RD

ST AUGUSTINE

MASTERS DR MASTERS DR

ST AUGUSTINE

COUNTRY CLUB

MARS

PRAIRIE CREEK RD

DAIRY

WEBB CHAPEL B LAV PR URB ON DR AN AD K A

CER KING GEORGE O Y

VI

PTON RD

T

AT ES

N

TA

TI

GLENBROOK

FIFTH

FIRST

FUREY

ESMALDA

NORWICH

WESTMORELAND RD

FRENCH SETTLEMENT

2

12, 26

CE

SHILOH

LA PRADA

A

MARSH

LUN VAIL MARSH LN

MIDWAY

DR

MARSH LN

LAVON

RD LE

TE RV IL CE N

CENTURY CENTER BLVD

GARLAND RD

FI O PR

COCKRELLL HILL

KNOXVILLE

R

GUSO N

SHILOH

FER

MARSH LN

DENNIS

T LIO EL

SP SATURN RIN G CR EE K

D RD

RL AN GA

JOAQUIN

VILLE

WESTMORELAND

MERRITT

SHILOH

BOND

D

COUNTRY CLUB

MARS GLENBROOK

COMMUNICATIONS

ND GAR

TO

AR VIN M

SHILOH JOAQUIN

N GUSO FER

IO

T

BUCKNER BLVD

ELL

HILLBURN

PRICHARD

JOSEY

GLENBROOK

FIFTH

FIRST

FORSYTYHE

W O TUMALO SHILOH

LA PRADA

W FE

EXECUTIVE

SATURN

WICKERSH

LA

USE

ARBOR

SHADY TRAIL

RD

ND

Y O D

N LI LT BE SHILOH

TOM BRANIFF

LOOSHILOH P 12

SHILOH

AM

RR IFIEL ME

MURDOCK

IH-35E STEMMONS FRWY.

SHILOH

SHILOH

LA GAR E

NATIONAL

JOAQUIN

USON

BRITAIN

NURSERY

FERG

JUPITER RD

NATIONAL

SENTER

FERNDALE

FF CLI H RT O N

JIM MILLER

RD D N LA

T

GARLAND RD RD

SHILOH

LA

RD

MERRITT

ROWLETT JUPITER RD

NATIONAL

AM WICKERSH

ER HO

W AT

JIM MILLER

EE

K

JOSEY LN

G CR

RIN

GARLAND RD JIM MILLER

JUPITER RD

DIPLOMAT

HUTTON

PEMBERTON HILL

BUCKNER BLVD WEBB CHAPEL

12 LUNA

LBJ FR WY

IH-635 MERRITT

JUPITER RD

LE

CH EL

RO

EXECUTIVE

CARL

JUPITER RD

PLANO RD

NURSERY

AUDELIA

BRITAIN

BUCKNER BLVD

RG

FE LN

D BIR G IN CK O

M

12

N

ABRAMS RD

ZION

TH

HUNNICUT

OLD DENTON

NTR

. CE

SHILOH

SP

E

WICKERSH

O’ CONNOR

MACARTHUR

F

RD

MACARTHUR

RD N US O

JUPITER RD

PLANO RD

E

ILL

AM

ILL

IR FA

DOLPHIN

AR

S IN G

D

MATILDA

IX ST KILLMAN O

IO

CR EE K SP RING

SHILOH JUPITER RD

PLANO RD RD TT LE W RO

RD

N

O

US

RG

FE

DICKERSON

Y. XPW

AL E

TUDOLPHIN RNPIK

5N

US-7

JUPITER RD

S IN G G HE PEACHTREE RD

MACARTHUR

GL EN NV

EXECUTIVE

FERNDALE

WALNUT HILL

Y.

E AV

NVILL

D N LA AR G

STORY RD SKILL MA N

ABRAMS

AK S O

HUNNICUT

E

GREENVILL

G SP RIN

RT H CL IF

GREE

N O

HVI

TRA L EVINE XP W

EN

MAN ER SH

STORY RD

BELT LINE RD

LN

D

G BIR IN

CK

N RA

Y

LI

ELSMcMILLAN IE FA Y NVILLE EAVE HE G

NE Y AV E

KIN Mc

FAIR OAKS

MAHAM

ESTERS COIT RD

M SCHOOL RD HOUSTON O

SCHROEDER

AL EXPWY .

U.S-75 N. CENTR

BROOD K

G

ST

LE

N

EA

DS

SHADY

76 BISHOP

IH 35E

HILLCREST RD

W AY

B

CO M

PS

LI

AL

D BLV

ST AUGUSTINE

FAIR OAKS

N MA SKILL

BELT LINE RD

PLEASANT RUN

BLOCK HO

EW

ESTERS

FLOYD

COIT RD

VIEW EY

LL

VA

ABRAMS

A

RTENSE KS

O

IR

FA

HOUSTON SCHOOL RD NO RT

TURNPIKE

CENTRAL

H PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSPARK

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SKILLMAN ST N TO G AS

19

N

AS TO

G

PRESTON RD

LK

BELTLINE

AUDELIA

FERNDALE

FF RT H CLI O N BELTLINE

RD D N LA

AR G

SHILOH

JUPITER RD

EISENHOWER

ST

G

RIN

SP

G O E BUS N H

PRESIDE NT GPLA NO EO DIX RD R

FA YE IE

ELS

COWBOYS

ALMA

MACARTHUR

PLANO RD

CHEYENNE

AVE K

AUDELIA

EXECUTIVE

N MA SKILL AT ES O

1

-12

SH

ND

RA

G

EY

DSL

N

EA

LI

MASTERS DR

MASTERS DR

ST AUGUSTINE

WALTON

PRAIRIE CREEK RD

BROOKLINE

COUNTRY CLUB

DAIRY

FAIR OAKS

XPW AL E ABRAMS

D A PR A

LA

LN BIR G

E ILL

NV

76

EN

GL

W AY

B

M

CO

PS

LI

AL

D BLV LK M ST AUGUSTINE

CUSTER RD

CE ILL M R W AT E

BENT BRANCH

MURDOCK

FORSYTYHE

EWING

EXPWY .

HILLCREST AV RD MARSALIS

AL U.S-75 N. CENTR

OK

IH 35E

MATILDA

GREENVILLE AVE

McMILLAN

L

O

SS RO

AK O E LIV

SS RO

H TOLLWAY DALLAS NORT

G

BECKLEY AV

RD

PRES TON

EAST AIRFIELD

GREENVIL LE

HILLCREST RD

BROOK SPRINGS

POLK ST

FRWY. THORNTON IH 35E R.L. SHAD Y BRO

VERNON

PRESTON RD

AMON CARTER

MONTFORT

VALLEY VIEW

CAMPBELL

IH 35E

INTERNATIONAL PKWY.

MORNING DEW

KNOLL TRAIL

BISHOP

HILLCREST RD

E

Y AV

INNE

IT

NT RA LE XP WY .

TYLER

AV GREE NVILL E

MARS

Y.

TE

PLAN C O RD EN

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AVE K

ABRAMS RD

PLANO RD

N TO

AS G

AK O

19

VE

SS RO

N TO AS G

Y.

EX PW

T

ES

CR

DAR

INDEPENDENCE

NVILL E

GREE

BUCKNER BLVD

ESTERS

ZION

DR LAVON

MAN

GLENBROOK

FIRST

A O FA IR

RV IL LE

RD

D

LA

GAR

NTR

5 NKS . CE

US-7

SATURN

BROO K

SHADY GREENVIL LE

SKILLMAN ST

MATILDA

GREENVILLE AVE

McMILLAN

INNE

L

O

PIT

CA

SS RO

LI

EYFLOYD McKINN

M

N HILLCREST RD

GUSO

SHILOH

FER

Y AV

E

LA PRADA

McK

TRA L

EN

ST TH

HILLBURN

PRICHARD

RIN CO

MAN

ER

SH

COIT RD

AV

MAHAM

OHIO

SCHROEDER

ALMA

JOAQUIN BISHOP

PRESTON RD

JIM MILLER

HO US VIAD TO UC N T EWING

MARSALIS

BISHOP

FIFTH

Y.

EXPW

RD ND

AL U.S-75 N. CENTR

SHILOH

NATIONAL

EXECUTIVE

SHILOH

CUSTER RD

FF

AR LA N G

COIT RD HUNNICUT PRESTON RD

BECKLEY AV

ZANG PRESTON RD.

COIT RD

R.L. THO RNTO N FRW Y.

PARK TYLER CENTRAL

POLK

PEAR RIDGE

GG ED

RU

QUORUM

ELL

Y.

XP W

EN

COIT RD

GARLAND RD

SCHROEDER

PARK CENTRAL

MERRITT

JUPITER RD

WICKERSH AM

INDEPENDENCE

H TOLLWAY

DALLAS NORT

RD

D

US -75 N. C EN TR AL EX PW Y.

BUCKNER BLVD

2 82 POLK

TYLER

JUPITER RD

PLAN

E EN NV ILL GL

FLOYD ELL IO T

K CR EE RING SP

SHILOH

HILLCREST RD

TRA LE

HILL

PRES

JUPITER RD

MONTFORT

PLANO RD

INWOOD RD

FERNDALE

INWOOD RD

CLI

N O RT H

ROPER RD N O US

RG

FE

AV

SYLVAN

12 SYLVAN AV LLEWELLYN

PEMBERTON HILL ADAMS

HILLCREST RD

JUPITER RD

AUDELIA

BLUEBONNET

FF VIE W

COIT RD

WEBB CHAPEL

BLU

3 82

PARKWOOD

12

N

O

DIX

HAMPTON RD

PARKWOOD

ADDISON

McK

CA P

M

HO VIA UST DU ON CT

VI

PRESTON RD

MIDWAY RD

MIDWAY RD

FAIR OAKS

N

SKILL MA

OHIO

COMMUNICATIONS

HAMPTON RD

HAMPTON RD

EW VI

ROPER

K AN RB

CER KING GEORGE O Y

BU

BECKLEY AV

INWOOD RD

2 82

INWOOD RD

INWOOD RD

DOLPHIN

G RIN S

IN

G

G

HE

FA YE

HARTSDALE

MONTFORT

A

LUN

VAIL

D.

AR VIN

7M US -6

CHAUCER

KIRNWOOD

PRESTON RD

MIDWAY RD

EY McKINN

BLUEBONNET

BL UFF

AV

SYLVAN

12

26

Y.

TA N

283

UE

H

D

O

O

RW

SYLVAN AV

164

110 111

R.L

IH-3

ATE

SEN

111

US-175 C.F.

WY. PS FR

TI

HILLCREST RD

RA G

ST

EA

RD

PTON

HAM

SP

WESTMORELAND RD

WESTMORELAND

MIDWAY

MARSH LN

MARSH LN

H TOLLWAY

DALLAS NORT MARSH LN

WEBB CHAPEL

6

SHADY TRAIL

JIM MILLER

IR

O AK

ND

PRES DSL

N

LI

IE ELS

PRESTON RD

PIERCE

MARSH

INWOOD RD

DALLAS N. TOLLWAY

GILPIN

W

VIE

FF

HOUSTON SCHOOL RD

BLU

ROPER

JOSEY

Y

WEBB CHAPEL

FR W

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82N 3D

AR VI

DENNIS

VE

O

7 FRWY. IH-35E STEMMONS M

AL

HATCHER STATION

35

SHEP

CENTURY CENTER BLVD

SH ER

NV

QUORUM

Y.

EX PW

EN

ER MAN

E AV

ABRAMS

S PRESTON RD

FA

PRESTON RD.

LN D BIR G IN CK M O

K AN RB

BU

ABRAMS RD

CAMPBELL

RD TON

76

EY

PEAR RIDGE O FI T

O VE LI

QUORUM

MIDWAY RD

NVILL GREE

MARSH LN

PARKWOOD

DENNIS

E GREENVILL

MATILDA

N TO G

AK

AS

SS

RO

T

ES

R CR

DA

CE

COCKRELLL HILL

KNOXVILLE

MIDWAY RD

JOSEPH HARDIN

COCKRELL HILL

BLUEBONNET

COMMUNICATIONS

JOSEY

McMILLAN

TI TA N GREENVILLE AVE

SKILLMAN ST

E

Y AV

NE

KIN

L

PIT O

CA

SS RO

N

TO

AS

G

ADDISON

FRENCH SETTLEMENT M LK AL BLV LI PS KNOLL TRAIL NORWICH D CO ESMALDA M B W AY FUREY

McKINN

19

P 12

Mc

LUN A VAIL EY

MIDWAY TUMALO

W

FE

ST

TH

RIN

CO

BOND

ARBOR

DUNCANVILLE

NSE HORTE

JOSEY LN

SH

MARSH LN

MAHAM

COIT RD

SCHROEDER

CENTRAL

PARK COMMUNICATIONS

SHADY TRAIL BISHOP

HILLCREST RD

WEBBLCHAPEL EXPWY .

U.S-75 N. CENTRA

IH-35E STEMMONS FRWY.

COMMUNICATIONS

SHADY BROO K

VIC KING GEORGE ER O Y

PRESTON RD

MAHAM

ADDISON

KNOLL TRAIL

MIDWAY

COIT RD

ILL E

JUPITER RD

PLA

D

VA

FLOYD

GL EN

COIT RD

TRA L

JOSEY LN

HILLCREST RD

DIPLOMAT

US -75 N. C EN TR AL DALLAS N. TOLLWAY ECENTURY XP CENTER BLVD W PARKWOOD Y. PR

CARL

TOM BRANIFF

LOO HOUSTON SCHOOL RD

N

BA

BU R

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PRESTON RD

HUTTON

MONTFORT

LUNA

INWOOD RD

DALLAS NORT H TOLLWAY

MARSH

MARSH LN

HO US VIAD TO UC N T EWING

MARSALIS

MARSH LN

LD

TH

WEBB CHAPEL

DIPLOMAT

HUTTON

K

IH 35E

Y

US -

RI

IH-635 LBJ FRWY

RD

O

A

W

TO

RN

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0

M

Y. RW NF

HO

110

110 N

2

UM

HAM PTON

ELT

283

JOHN WEST

164

O

N

O

LIUS 5 JU IH-4

IH 35E

EENB GUTHRIE

LAKE RAY HUBBARD TRANSIT CENTER 283, 378, 385

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75

TOM BRANIFF

385

OATES

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ST. FR

G

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P 12

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385

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2 P1

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FAIRVIEW

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US

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MER RIFIE

EWING

MARSALIS AV

MARSH LN

OLD DENTON

NIS

E

MARSH LN

OLD DENTON

ADDISON

KNOLL TRAIL

TURQUORUM NPIK GE BUS H

PRESIDE NT GEO R

INWOOD RD

EW

E

ELL

CH

RO

ROPER

BRITAIN

NURSERY

BRITAIN

NURSERY

AV

SYLVAN

12 SYLVAN AV

BECKLEY AV

ZANG

BISHOP

LLEWELLYN

ADAMS

FRWY. RNTON

BECKLEY AV

R.L. THO

IH 35E

WEBB CHAPEL

EISENHOWER

DICKERSON

MORNING DEW

408

UR

ASS A/B

AH

B

CLU

ROAN

Y TR

UN

CO

CRE

OA BR

K UC

D

0 IH-3

CH

N TUR P IKE PRESIDENT GEORG E BU SH

RD

SP

Y

W

E

URNPI K

. PK

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N LI

IH 35E R.L. THORNTON FRWY.

N

T BEL

LUNA

EL

HE

W

N O

KING GEORGE

FIRE

RD

ASS

E

LM

405

E

M

R

ID

ALC

SOUTHERN OAKS

N

O TH

NE

CK

DALLAS

VIST A

YS

IS

M

ER

ILLINOIS STATION

409, 444, 445, 515, 538

LI

US G

BU

AD

N

LA

DALLAS

Y

164W

EASTFIELD COLLEGE

595

12

ZI CRO

MORRELL STATION

LE

W

RO

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WY FR 385

BOBTOWN

5 38

164W

467

A

OS

MLK STATION/J.B. JACKSON JR. TRANSIT CENTER 12, 26, 409, 595

M

409

378

FR W

GUS THOMASSON

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W

11

155

385

542

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FAIR PARK

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111

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374

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378

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467 475

60

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76

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LAKE RAY HUBBARD

385

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7

88

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19 1

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35

374

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CU

ASS

378

380

164SG

WHITE ROCK LAKE

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377

374 374

60, 164, 372, 374, 377, 378, 380, 410, 428, 467, 560

NE

428, DART ON-CALL

283

H

428

60

BAYLOR UNIV. MEDICAL CTR.

3852 6

410

467 467

FAIR PARK STATION

N

EE

EE

76

11

377

467

CR

CR

475

LAKEWOOD DART ON-CALL ZONE

283

385

KINGSLEY RD

372 Mc

1

CENTER155 STATION

378

MILLER RD

380

SOUTH GARLAND TRANSIT CENTER

WHITE ROCK STATION

BAYLOR UNIVERSITY MED. CENTER STATION 11, 19, 76

.

WY FRCHA

BE

410 PANDORA

Mc

CK

O

S

TA TE

BU

ER

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VIC

S

AN

AS

428

12

SERVED BY LAKE HIGHLANDS AND LAKEWOOD DART ON-CALL

UNIVERSITY

GO

ROSEHILL

LE

A/B

AH

A

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ROAN

B CLU

CH EL

CH

ND MA LAR

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N TUR P IKE PRESIDENT GEORG E BU SH

cK

M

RIAL

ST DU

515

RIDGE

TE

60, 111, 409, 111 595

541

445

EAST

LE VIL

O

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W

IN

DALLAS ZOO STATION 19, 515, 522

282 19

HANBY STADIUM

1

L

ROOSEVELT HIGH SCHOOL

DALLAS ZOO

ES

HWY NORTHWEST 428

LOOP

ES

110, 164

SCHOOL 8TH

BOBTOWN

161

W

WOOD

475

WALNUT HILL LN

LAKE HIGHLANDS STATION

583

502

11 11

RN HO .T

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EL

TO

S

161

N

LAKE HIGHLANDS DART ON-CALL ZONE

GASTO

444, 541, 542

GUTHRIE DELAWARE

583

SUPER TARGET

377

377

MILLER RD

DART ON-CALL, Connection Public Transit Hunt County

COYLE ST.

HOPKINS

380

372 560

ROWLETT STATION 385,887 FLEX

385 887

AVE. F

AR

1

8TH & CORINTH STATION

RD

ST

LU

ASK

G

DE

ADAMSON H.S.

1

506

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486

GARLAND

372, 410, 486, 987

ROWLETT HWY 66

M

374, 488, 551, 560, 583

374

513

987

987

486

FOREST/JUPITER STATION

374

374, 475, 583

AG

. PK .E

ELT EENB

GR

21

D

CO

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EA

206 278

11

AN

SE

N

19

385

EL

571

AVE. D

KI

N

CEDARS STATION

11

SCYENE

N TUR P IKE

ROSEHILL

ROSEHILL

K

AY DW

EE

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CR

444

PRESIDENT GEORG E BU SH

B

N TUR P IKE

B

LE

W

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722, 749

26

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583

513

377, 378, 380, 400, 463, 486, 513, 566, 571, 987

MAIN

551 560

374 374 LBJ/SKILLMAN STATION

TEXAS HEALTH PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL DALLAS

EC

A 11, 19, 76 K

EY

LL

VA

SA

EA

PL

DOWNTOWN GARLAND STATION

463

410

SO

DG

51 PE DEEP ELLUM STATION

HO

BUCKINGHAM RD

400

BAYLOR MEDICAL CTR.

FOREST LN

987

OSS

LOVERS LN

7 8824

ES

MARIE CURIE

372

RW

EAST ROWLETT DART ON-CALL ZONE

CONVENTION LAKE RAY HUBBARD

723

MILITARY 405 PKWY LAKE RAY HUBBARD TRANSIT CENTER 21 283, 42378, 385

445

PRESIDENT GEORG E BU SH

CLU

K

L

ILLINOIS AV

ROAN

Y TR

CO

UC

283

MERIT

Y

UN

S

G

TT

RD

RO

D

BR

IH-635 LBJ FRWY

42

21, 405, 444

HAMPTON STATION 42, 453,

385

DS

38

TYLER/VERNON 282 STATION

444

453

282

21 5

542

723

568

CLARENDON DR

19 21 DS 11

1

Mesquite

US

N

522 405

SH-180 378

11 164W

HO

KW

CO

RIN

SP

ELT

RD

METHODIST HOSPITOL

12

12

42

COLORADO

D

TO

AVE

39

L

63

COM

YORKTOWN

521

31 31

TA

INEN

42

24

WESTWOOD

463

JF

ROYAL LN

24

24

825

MERCE

TRE, 11, 19, 21,60, 206, 278, 722 D-Link

WO

ROAN

CLU

ELT

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AY LLW

E AV

EENB

E

542 542

29

87

571

ST

583

488

LB

8 LANE STATION FOREST

.

WY FR768

SMU

39

35

UNION STATION

N

RO

Y KW

Y TR

EENB

N

. TO

N O M M LEWAY

GR

LI

453

568

DAVIS

RN

NT

CO

59

52

59

BLV

547 549

AS N

OAD

E

VICTORY STATION 749, TRE-Green Line

T BEL

FUREY

.P

.E

UN

GR

DALL

BR AR

CED

APL

M

OAKBROOK

ESMALDA

N

CO

WAY

T OR

EL

S NE

597

445

TF

HE

W

Y HI RR

12

OATES

HA

MEREDITH

SON

49

Orange Line

JEFFER

M

385

63

52N

Y

BU

31

SCOTTISH RITE HOSP.

35 378

FR W

CK

409 409

749

S

LB

J

SA

MOUNTAIN VIEW COLLEGE

568

EK

OP

164SG

E CR

LO 475

K UC

35

385

887

35

360, 451, 486, 488, 582, 830, 987 Medical City E-Shuttle

RI

385

372

BUCKINGHAM RD

AVE. B

-6

UTH

N

2 DART ON-CALL, Connection 4

COYLE ST. MARKET CNTR. STATION 27

NUT

486

SO

CARUTH HAVEN

RS

MARS

566

PARK LANE STATION

521 ROWLETT STATION

385,887 FLEX

W AL

428, 502, 506, 702

5

ROWLETT

31, 36, 409, 521, M-Line McKinney Ave Streetcar

31 GUTHRIE

544, 704, 705, 749, 183822 UTSW Shuttle

405

RTH

-17

BOBTOWN

CITYPLACE/UPTOWN STATION

UTSW Shuttles

FT

US

463

FOREST LN

N

1, 24, 76, 521, 743, 768 Mustang Express, Lakewood and Park Cities DART ON-CALL

HO

L

N

IH

830

PI

842

TO CE WN NT ER

513

SC

HO

410

571

LBJ/CENTRAL STATION

582

PARK LANE DALLAS

AN

O

551

582 TI Shuttle

506

702

M

513

SPRING VALLEY

571

D

AID

LAKE HUBBARD 502, 583,RAY Campell Ctr. E Shuttle

521

RICHARDSON SQUARE MALL

360, 400, 463, 571

828

502

NORTHPARK SHOPPING CENTER

385 MOCKINGBIRD STATION

MOCKINGBIRD LN

INWOOD/LOVE FIELD 39

STATION TRE, 705, 822/823

52W

ME

428 428

PARK 385

STATION

453

378 404

-6

549 542

164W

SCYENE RD

D

IH

549

IH-20

36

55 39, 524, 526, 39 39 526 526527, 529

BICKER

542

597

MILITARY PKWY

283

MILLER RD

WALNUT HILL STATION

502

ADOW

SWMD/PARKLAND STATION Public Transit Hunt County HWY 66 27, 29, 404, 405, 408, 409, 453, 525, BLA 409

704 705

380

GUS THOMASSON

568

FIRE

R

NE

SCYENE RD

HOOD MIDDLE

RD

CK

LA

E

BU

595

593

5

N

O

KEENELAND

RK

27

US-80 12

374

COCKRELL HILL TRANSFER LOCATION

282

PA

506

ER

AA

400

T

582

N 743 768 RD 743R Seagoville TT 768 O LE 183 521 W 743 TH RO .

1 R.L HIGHLAND 76 0 3 385 521 IH

749 LAKE RAY HUBBARD TRANSIT CENTER 63385 63 283, 378, MEDICAL/MARKET CTR.

Parkland Hospital 378 Childrens Medical Center

COLORADO

CENTERVILLE

AVY

IH-4

ASS

376

PE

R KRIVE

M

475

ST

525

UT Southwestern Medical District

376

11, 376, 444, 542, 549

467

597

BROO

O

TH

A

US

G

ST. FR

Y

SS PRE ROW

CLYMER

LK HILL

R

MILITAR Y PKW

282, 593, 595, 597

LIN

EM

CHA

NE

111

LT BE

RD

LOOP 12

CK

BU JEFFERSON

LE

E

N

LI

12

FORNEY

WHITE ROCK LAKE

282

COCKRELL 164SG HILL

5 3831

HOPKINS

TOM LANDRY FRWY.

374 IH-30

DAVIS

RE

7

35

380

374 374

60

VIL

LT BE

OP

467 467

SH-180

O G

S

LO

377 549

52

FO

52

513 RECORD CROSSING

ND

BE

CA

NT

N

566

E

SPRING VALLEY STATION

EAST ROWLETT DART ON-CALL 582 ZONE

N

NYO

E

ON

ST

502, 506, , 582 DART ON-CALL

5

AVE. F

KINGSLEY RD

SINGLETON

378

IRVING BLVD

Y. 59W FR

377

SOUTH GARLAND TRANSIT CENTER

60, 164, 372, 374, 377, 467 378, 380, 410, 428, 467, 560

CHARIOT

A SE

HINES

ER

283 428

IH

HO

410

MON

RD

CKN

EE

N TO

RN

59

.T

35

R.L

-30

RD

E

BU

59

EE

571 527 404

52N

AL

N

BER

372

467

CR

29 513

ER

377

COYLE ST.

UNIVERSITY PARK

524 31 EY

VA

830

TU TOWN RN FIREWHEELCENTER PI KE CETOWN

400

582 583

LOVERS LANE STATION

LL

T

N

SA

486

551

463 360

CAMPANELLA

451

488 DART ON-CALL, Connection Public Transit Hunt County

183 183

205 208 210

BU

H

N FO AA RE MA ST N

372

400

RICHLAND COLLEGE

ROWLETT STATION 385,887 FLEX

372

360, 361, 362, 372, 551

PRESTONWOO

571

827

360

CHURCHILL WAY

PARK CITIES Hutchins DART ON-CALL ZONE

EA

PL

US

WAL-MART

826

ILY

MEDICAL CITY DALLAS HOSPITAL

ROYAL LN

LOVERS LN.

566

372

400

360

EM

NORTH DALLAS 887 DART ON-CALL ZONE

-17

31

RIV

380

377 404

LEATH

59

OOD

L

HEE

W

N

LI

LE

VIL

HARRY

N SO

410

110

PANDORA

CR

CIS

KBANK

BROC

AS

O EL LAG

AS

N

475

BANK

O AG

SE

N

M

O

VD BL

428

428, DART ON-CALL

CK

ES

LI

N

TH

63

OATES

Mc

475

O

RY HIN

CO

O MM

FRITZ

US

G

NG IRVI

TI LA

11

D

1

5

S LA

. LE

VIEW

1

HAR

IH-4

J.J

IE

SAMUELL

111

WHITE ROCK STATION

LAKEWOOD DART ON-CALL ZONE LAWNVIEW STATION

76

TON

E

NN

12

DEN

A

AL

BO

12, 26

OND

VIEW

E

O GO

24

X

IE

SERVED BY LAKE HIGHLANDS

LAKEWOOD 595 AND DART ON-CALL

HATCHER STATION

L

E

LM

RB

NN

RN

LOVERS LN

2

S

LOOP

TE

76

26 24

HAA

W

CU

AV

APL M

S

G

CEDARS STATION 35 RIDE 26 AND GLENN39 HEIGHTS PARK INWOOD/LOVE FIELD 31, 36, 409, 521, M-Line STATIONON-CALL McKinney Ave Streetcar 206, EA 55D27839,DART 524, ES 39 39526, LA 526 526527, 529

VIEW

O

T OR

G

ERVO VAND

Y

RE

1

LA

RB

N

O

24

KISK

MPH

283

ES

2 Y AMESBUR N JASO

MOCKINGBIRD LN

36

110 111

35, 59, 549 JOHN WEST

HWY NORTHWEST 428

R

486408

EASTFIELD COLLEGE

110

MARS

52164W 5 525

O

987

DALLAS

TRANSFER LOCATION

Mc

W

987

HIGHLAND

583

502

768

O

RO

AD

GARLAND

WOOD

TA BERNAL/SINGLETON TE

110

U

RS

MILLER RD

549

ES

475 IRVING

WALNUT HILL LN

H

D

W

111

743

467

LAKE HIGHLANDS TE SENA DARTE ON-CALL ZONE O

O

527

MAIN

372

N

164 LAKE HIGHLANDS STATION

164 Lancaster 110

A

RIDGE

ST

W

111

RD

RE

LOVERS LANE STATION

1, 24, 76, 521, 743, 768 Mustang Express,

M CITYPLACE/UPTOWN AL CO STATION

ON S

EC

SUPER TARGET

205 UNIVERSITY Lakewood and ParkFAIR Cities DART ON-CALL PARK 208110, 164 1 743 768 210 MLK STATION/J.B. JACKSON JR. 743 SMU 768 12, 26, 283 183 TRANSIT CENTER 521409, 595

11 HIGHLAND 12 521 PARK

BO

RIA

UTH

502, 583, Campell Ctr. E Shuttle 111 FAIRVIEW

521PARK STATION FAIR

60, 111, 409, 111 595 MOCKINGBIRD STATION

CA

HU

IE

O

SO

CARUTH HAVEN

840

RN

SS

AC

529

SASSAFRASS

525 525 29

BA

M

LESTON

486

560 SO

E

EMPIRE CENTRAL

AVE. B

164SG

KI

RS

842 ESHO

L

GE OR GE

410

BELT LINE RD

BANNER

385

205 208 210

PR ES ID EN T

824 Palisades Shuttle

ARAPAHO CENTER STATION

C N.

KIT

ROWLETT

521

513

AM

LO

408

164W

HO

O

VE

W

RO

DIP

Y

410 63

RM

HE

WINTERGREEN

AL

RE

527

463

TO FIELD TEAGARDEN CE WN NT ER

513 LOVE HO

GO

BAYLOR MEDICAL CTR.

IRVING BLVD

AR

M

BELT LINE RD

400

SPRING VALLEY

NORTHWEST HWY 842

428

ER

AA

428AN SC

BUCKINGHAM RD

MARIE CURIE

31

842

NT

528 N

31

282

RD

IH-635 LBJ FRWY

36

OLD SEAGOVILLE

360 GALATYN PARK STATION E

CAMPBELL RD.

551

361

ARAPAHO RD

463

36 486

WALNUT HILL LN

529 P 12 TU LOO FIREWHEEL TOWN RNSTATION BACHMAN CENTER 31, 428, 528, 535, PI 544 KE CETOWN 378

400

G

WESTWOOD

FOREST/JUPITER STATION

M

PARK

361

Balch Springs 385

842

T

TE

COLLINS

5 -7

US

IH BURBANK STATION 544 29 29,378 525 -6 525 35 571L 525 BJ DOWNTOWN 566 FR GARLAND STATION 400 377, 378, 380, 400, 463, 486, W 374 513, 566,Y571, 987 526 527

372

372, 410, 486, 987

840

374, 475, 583

506 L

DG

ING

OSA

583

CENTERVILLE

594

OU

CO

LE

RESEARCH

GR

MILITARY PKWY

987

DALLAS

594

H

N FO AA RE MA WILLOWBROOK ST N

AVE. D

IRV

D 374, 488, 551, 560, 583

374

428, 502, 506, 702

ND

PARK LANE DALLAS

OAKDALE

N

PARK LANE STATION

RI

206 278 BAYLOR UNIVERSITY MED. CENTER STATION 11, 19, 76

SH-160 M LU

M

RIN SP

31

D

EM

MA

LL

ELE AN

M

EAST

KE

NN

702

374 CEDAR VALLEY COLLEGE

374 374 LBJ/SKILLMAN STATION

LA

48

FOREST LN

TRE, 63, 401, 408, 501, 504, 507, 508, 514, 549, 840 FLEX

HUNTER FERRELL

ID

AV 549 Y

6TH

UR

SP

372

164SG

ELAM RD

GRADY SPRUCE HIGH SCHOOL

380 535

BU

KINGSLEY RD

374

592

RD

841

Scalia, Valentina. DART: Downtown Plano State. February 16, 2018. Plano.

ADDISON Saturday Afternoon

HARVEST HILL

HWY 66

FOREST LN

WALNUT HILL LN

31

IH-20 535

GY

INW

FIRE

LT

597

31

GE OR GE 544

GUS THOMASSON

PE

987

475

DOWNTOWN 560IRVING/ HERITAGE CROSSING STATION

583

DALLAS

LA582 VIST A

60 AID

508 463

551

Y

CR SHADY GROVE

555 840

KE

60

60

ST

583

840

RW

G

IN

OSS

LA

LAR

G

BO

582 ROYAL LN

TEXAS HEALTH PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL DALLAS

514

IH-20551

MILLER RD

WALNUT HILL/ DENTON STATION

380 566

BUCKINGHAM RD

467

488 501

LB

410

377

566

2

NORTHGATE

571

OAD BR

SQUIRE

BE

WY. PS FR

532

31

505 400 508

LN

NUT

401

JF

TER

SH

®

35

5TH

AS

ME

76

NORTHPARK SHOPPING CENTER

CO

-6

840

BELT LINE RD

60, 164, 372, ORY 374, 377, SPRING VALLEY MEM 410, 428, 378, 380, 508 467, 560

514

528

TECH

LO

AIRPORT FREEWAY 467 467

507

W AL

408

STATION

30

372

374 374

TRANSIT CENTER SQUARE MALL

RICHLAND COLLEGE

LANC

502

DAR

CE

N

428 428

NAM ER CIN OAK

N

GASTON ADOW

475

IH

AL

D FOREST LN

830

CA

MEDICAL CENTER

5

15

583

FOREST LANE STATION

507 571 A

G BAYLOR TIO

LBJ/CENTRAL WHITE 582 ROCK LAKETI Shuttle

360, 451,501 486, 488, 582, 830, 987 Medical City E-Shuttle

PI

BIA

MO

5

15

31

377

NO

11 4

SOUTH GARLAND 4 505 RICHARDSON 55

ROCHELLE

VALLEY STATION

CE

PA

528

410

E

SH

551

PR ES ID EN T

842

377 Seagoville

RE

ER 54 400, TT463, 571 401 OGA 5360, SE TI

D

3 55 RG504 AN 582

555

McC

507

514 GRAUWYLER 463

828

506 YS

521

CKN

R

582

TE 502 N IS O N

M LU

BU

IN

LE

AS

HA

516, 553,555

AD

HWY

3

55

PRESTONWOO

GARLAND

PB

S

HEP

486 513

987

ST AR

BRECKINRIDGE

M

CAMPBELL RD.

Mesquite

488

592 183

OK

824

362

MIDPARK

593

532

LO

EENV

362

488

532

H

METHODIST RICHARDSON MEDICAL GROUP

ILL

LR D

451

VALLEY VIEW MALL

RT

RENNER RD

841

883

UTD

NO

CITYLINE/BUSH STATION

824

EXPRESS

883

410

883 East & Express UTD Shuttle, 841-843 FLEX

RENNER RD

EAST

883

M CA

A

Y.

S LIUS

IH

987

883

451

883 883

RICHARDSON

400

GALLERIA

WY FR

BJ

571

595 35 L -6

FRANKFORD RD

BRUTON

987

PLANO PKWY

TURNPIKE

U SH EB IDENT GEORG

883

HANBY STADIUM

205 205 208 210 208 210

SPRING VALLEY

987

513

ES

843

843

841841

362

463

488

FM 544

870

METHODIST RICHARDSON MEDICAL CTR.

282

597

870 14TH

870

13TH COLLIN CREEK MALL

PLANO PKWY

883 Fri/Sun WALMART

PARK BLVD

410

870

15TH

15TH

WEST

SCYENE

183

PARK BLVD

18TH

DOWNTOWN PLANO STATION 870 FLEX

JACK HATCHELL TRANSIT CENTER

362

36

350 N 400 488 36 TO

Y

L VA

MEDICAL CENTER OF PLANO

883

350

US

488

PLANO

451

McCALLUM

ARAPAHO RD

HO 534

410

841

282

M

LE

T

N

SA

EA

PL

987 LAKE JUNE

592 DALLAS MEDICAL CENTER

MAIN

LAS COLINAS URBAN CENTER STATION

467

cCCK 360, 361, 362, 372, 551 RE ER E

IH-635 LBJ FRWY

ST. FR

595

488486, 377, 378, 380, 400, 463, 571, 987

VALLEY 513, VIEW 566,

463

US372 -17 5

372

ARAPAHO CENTER MDE STATION

PAUL QUINN COLLEGE

RT 400 UA ST 463 ON PS E SIM360 HELLSPRING ROC

E

506

Hutchins

410

PANDORA

3 4 400 55 UNIVERSITY OF DALLAS HWY NORTHWEST 428 42855 505, 508

504

827DART ON-CALL 428,

CONFLANS CAMPANELLA

NYO

E

ON

R

NO

ON

O’C

L

TE IN

12

RW

5 JU

400

531 535

475

LAKE JUNE STATION535 591 591

WALNUT HILL LN

HEE

OP

IH-4

E AL YV

WALNUT HILL STATION

428

WHITE ROCK STATION

307

5 IH-4

H

H

N

R RD

TE

AY LLW

W AS

5

US

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380

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385

513

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870

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110

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542 542

362

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111 749

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12

453

568

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AN

404, 445, BO 547, 549, AR W N 574 568, AN 38

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206 LOUNTOCAMPUS CAMP WISDOM RD BACHMAN STATION 19P 415 31, 428, 528, 535, 544 415 161E 31

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ON

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535

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542 155

987 MORRELL STATION

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161

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111

488

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568 987

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35

376

488

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24

CITYPLACE/UPTOWN STATION

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350

W

560 M

374, 488, 551, 560, 583

583

428, 502, 506, 702

502-6

372, 410, 486, 987

374

400

AVE. B

486

FOREST/JUPITER STATION 385

IN

CRO

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DOWNTOWN GARLAND STATION

AVE. D

COYLE ST.

551 560

583

BUCKINGHAM RD

486 EAST ROWLETT DART 987 ON-CALL ZONE

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410

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AS

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887

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385,887 FLEX

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385

SS

374

WESTWOOD

ROWLETT STATION

463

987

374 374 LBJ/SKILLMAN STATION

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CR 211 ES

743 SMU 768 PLANO 521 DOWNTOWN STATION

164SG

UR

MEDICAL/MARKET CTR. McCALLUM 883 STATION TRE, 705, 110 822/823 283 111 346UTSW Shuttles

211 208 453 LEGACY DR FRITO LAY 346 346 MLKS STATION/J.B. JACKSON SHOPS JR. AT TRANSIT CENTER 12,452 26, 409, 595 LEGACY

404

205 205 208 210 208

409

ROOSEVELT HIGH SCHOOL CREEK

BROOKHAVEN COLLEGE COCKRELL

19

488 376

549 183

N

15TH AV Y MOCKINGBIRD LN

RD408, 409, 453, 525, BLA 409 27,FRANKFORD 29, 164 404, 405, 544, 704, 705, 749, 183822 UTSW Shuttle110 CKB

883

749 164

IH-30 TO 463M LANDRY FRWY.

SPRING VALLEY

19, 515, 522

4

2

444, 541, 542

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O

PE

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506 374

G

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743 768

467

N

RID

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521

HIGHLAND 475 350 521 PARK

JACK HATCHELL TRANSIT CENTER

ELA

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CARUTH HAVEN

PARK BLVD

31HE

PIN

502,NORTH 583, Campell PLANOCtr. DART ON-CALL, E Shuttle

CENTERVILLE 1, 24, 76, 521, 743, 768 Mustang Express, Lakewood and Park Cities DART ON-CALL

ES IDENT GE DALLAS SWMD/PARKLAND STATION

704 705

PARK LANE DALLAS

60 MOCKINGBIRD STATION

U SH EB ORG

PR

NORTHPARK SHOPPING CENTER

428 428

PLANO

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RK

377 AID 702 380

374 374

LOVERS LANE 211, 410, 452STATION

208, 210, 350, 451, 452, 841 FLEX

31 841 LA INWOOD/LOVE FIELD 39 KE

506 502

410 E

521

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TEXAS 380 HEALTH PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL DALLAS

KINGSLEY RD

E

428

378

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MARS

566

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488

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571

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183

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205 208 210

377

SPRING CREEK PKWY

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60, 111, 409, 111 595

534 35350 35 2 488 636 400

HILL

R

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Childrens

1

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536

549

TE

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206 278

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350

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333

161

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525

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AL

RN

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400

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527 76

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LEATH

59

536

26

24 527

19

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036, 183, 205, 333, 347, 350, 361, 362, 400, CEDARS 463, 488, STATION 534, 333536

1

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1 AD O

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11 11

31

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TRY UN CO

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51 PE DEEP ELLUM STATION AK 11, 19, 76 183 347

19 722, 749 S 21 D59 11 ADDISON TRANSIT CENTER

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RO

BA

526

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12

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AM

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35, 59, 549 MERCE 206, 278, 722 D-Link COM

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527

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506

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544

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1

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410

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428, DART ON-CALL 529

35

EXCHANGE PKWY

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502, 506, , 582 DART ON-CALL

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428

31

525 525 29

29, 525

525

208

428

WOOD

PANDORA

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E

ON

ST

WALNUT HILL STATION

ES 205 TA 208 TE 210 183 183

211 McC

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R SP

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536

W

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VICTORY STATION

428

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LOO P 12

SERVED BY LAKE HIGHLANDS AND LAKEWOOD DART ON-CALL LOVE FIELD

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N

LAKE HIGHLANDS STATION

1

24

347 RO L

LO

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29

333

24

DIP

409

CK

409 409

63

528

MILLER RD

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ISO

W ALN

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AVE. F

486 HOPKINS FOREST LN

FOREST LANE STATION 377 GARLAND NORTH DALLAS 360, 451, 486, 488, 582, 830, 987 Medical City E-Shuttle DART ON-CALL ZONE 372

LAKE HIGHLANDS DART ON-CALL ZONE

UNIVERSITY

1

24

RIDGE

AVE

BLA

31

40 5

208 521

521

MARKET CNTR. STATION 27 534

49

521

76 BURBANK STATION

527 24

544, 704, 705, 749, 183822 UTSW Shuttle

749

535

768

AT IO NA L PK WY

EAST

N

31

TIMBERGREEN

IRVI NG

ES

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O

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McKinney Ave Streetcar

SWMD/PARKLAND STATION 333 27, 29, 404, 405, 408, 409, 453, 525,

549 749

W

987

RICHLAND COLLEGE

IH

486 828

AVE. D

FOREST/JUPITER STATION

M

475

582

488

372, 410, 486, 987

452

451 529 583

502

486

AVE. B

380 830

ARK

31

451

463

571

513 LBJ/CENTRAL STATION

HO

L

AN

551

582 TI Shuttle

987

MAIN

TO CE WN NTE R

513

SC

O

372

571

513

582 583

CAMPANELLA

830 486

410

560

DALLAS

WALNUT HILL LN

374

SUPER TARGET

UTH

987

374, 488, 551, 560, 583

583

N 535, 544 31, 428, 528,

743

SMU

LEGACY DR

RD PARKER LOO TE BACHMAN STATION R

768 31

374

583

374 LBJ/SKILLMAN STATION

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506 ST

SO

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582

CRO

SPRING CREEK PKWY

RPARK ID G EC RE

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M

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RN

36

508

NK

48

347 CITYPLACE/UPTOWN STATION

STATION

N

BROCKBA

2

R MOCKINGBIRD LNU SP

841 INWOOD/LOVE FIELD 53431, 36, 409, 521, M-Line 39

NG/ RKET CTR. ING

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347

HIGHLAND PARK

55 39, 524, 526, 39 39 526 526527, 529

05, 822/823

HINES

O

31

1, 24, 76, 521, 743, 768 Mustang Express, Lakewood and Park Cities DART ON-CALL

G

428, 502, 506, 702

535

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IN

211

CARUTH HAVEN

528 183

RW

502 ND 31 HILL LN 31 WALNUTPARK LANE STATION

PARK LANE DALLAS

544

E Shuttle

508HEBRON

508

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1, 504, 40 FLEX

AID

702

NORTHPARK SHOPPING CENTER

HARRY

AS

EL LAG

N

205 208 210 183 505

NORTHGATE

27

LA

551 560

FOREST LN

452

582

FOREST LN

987

JF

529

506 WALNUT HILL/ PIN DENTON STATION E

428 428 31

LB

532

ROYAL LN

451

31

35

183

SS

TEXAS ROYAL LN HEALTH PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL DALLAS

CK

LI CO

11 4

MEDICAL CTR. OLLTON

542

208

TECH521 NO LO MOCKINGBIRD STATION GY

LOVERS LN.

SH

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514

O

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LA

31

502

LAS COLINASHOSPITAL PLANO LOVERS LANE STATION WILLOWBROOK URBAN CENTER 502, 583, Campell347 Ctr.

PARK STATION CITIES DART ON-CALL ZONE

08

05

AD

ME

183

UNIVERSITY PARK TEXAS HEALTH PRESBYTERIAN

987

TENNYSON OWBR

211

521

HWY

528

R

3

ES RY HIN HAR

400, 501, 510

LANE STATION

486, 532, 535, 529, 987 532

LEGACY

RT FO

DEN

S DR TER AR TON

NORTH IRVING TRANSIT CENTER

NYO CA ROYAL E SHOPS AT

506

P

347

PLANO PARK AND RIDE

507NORTHWEST

LEGACY N DR

ST

183, 208, 211, 346, 347, 451, 452

WALNUT HILL LN

M

452

ILY

EM

360

AN

HO

410

(B)

571

GARLAND STATION

MEDICAL CTR.

DALLAS HOSPITAL

M

400

AS

377, 378, 380, 400, 463, 486, 827513, 566, 571, 987

R

AA

513

SPRING VALLEY

V

T

AN

NTE

N

566

400

RICHARDSON SQUARE MALL

E 360, 400, 463, 571 ALL

PLE

TU TOWN RN FIREWHEELCENTER PI KE CETOWN

E

BELT LINE RD

SPRING VALLEY STATION Y

OD

MARIE CURIE BANNER BAYLOR

CHURCHILL463 WAY

372 MEDICAL CITY

400

400

463 360

PRESTONWO

571 826 DOWNTOWN

400

KIT

WESTWOOD

HARVEST HILL 463

E

MARS

BUCKINGHAM RD

566

IH-635 LBJ FRWY

488

ST

583

532 488

360, 451, 486, 488, 582, 830, 987 Medical City E-Shuttle

535

NT MO

AY LLW . TO 183 183

NORTHAVEN

ON

544

WALNUT HILL STATION 502, 506, , 582 DART ON-CALL

IRVING CONVENTION CENTER NORTHWEST STATION 400, 501, 507, 510, 528

428

MERIT

AS N

208 346 346

FRITO LAY ROYAL LN

-6

FOREST LN

FOREST LANE LN STATION FOREST

W ALN

36 486

VALLEY VIEW MALL

HO

513

Effective: MARCH 13, 2017

IH

486 486

WAL-MART

571 360

551

ES

C N.

5 -7 US

SPRING VALLEY

372

551

GALLERIA

UT

5L

987

RD OOD

RT

L DAL

36

RICHLAND

COLLEGE 532

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463

BUCKINGHAM RD

372

TO CE WN NTE R

RS

L

H

N FO AA RE MA ST N

360, 361, 362, 372, 551

R

HO

O

BU

566 372

372 ARAPAHO CENTER STATION

NTE

513

SC

HO

SYSTEM MAP

463

582 TI Shuttle

AN

BELT LINE RD

451

MIDPARK

488

TU TOWN RN FIREWHEELCENTER PI KE CETOWN M

410

SPRING VALLEY

987

F BJ

3 IH-6

830 987

488

COLLINS

551

400

571

LBJ/CENTRAL STATION

987

488

346

NORTH DALLAS HEADQU DART ON-CALL ZONE 211 532

400

400 501 510 528

830

205 205 208 210 208 210

571

GE OR GE

410

BU

AA

400

TE

PR ES ID EN T

824 Palisades Shuttle E

CAMPBELL RD.

362

N

566

400

RICHARDSON SQUARE MALL

183

SPRING VALLEY

582 583

CAMPANELLA

DALLAS 582MEDICAL CENTER 828

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M

CO

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METHODIST RICHARDSON MEDICAL CTR.

H

EST AN

400

463

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360

ILL

N

ADDISON

OU

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ARAPAHO RD

372

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488

360

451 535

400 488

987

361

551

400

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BROOKHAVEN COLLEGE

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362

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883

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INW

FO

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RD

544486

ROYAL LN

KE

SQUIRE

MO

OOD INW

987

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827

BANNER

531 535

MEDICAL CITY DALLAS HOSPITAL

333

463 360

347

EXPRESS

883

EAST

350

350 488 36 400

PRESTONWO

KIT

VIEW CHURCHILL WAY VALLEY

533 400

205 208 210

360

826 571 FARMERS BRANCH DART ON-CALL ZONE

400, 488, 531, 533, 535, 544 DART ON-CALL

DIPLOMAT HARVEST HILL

1

WAL-MART

MIDPARK

VALWOOD PKWY

ILY EM 533 IH-635 LBJFARMERS FRWY BRANCH STATION

488

12 DALLAS SH

400

SPRING VALLEY

463

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BELT LINE RD

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VALWOOD

183

362

360, 361, 362, 372, 551 ARAPAHO RD

534

883

451

P883 RE SI DE NT

410

362

372 536

036, 183, 205, 333, 347, 350, 361, 362, 400, 463, 488, 534, 333536

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M

CO

LE

TE

362

COLLINS

W

551

536

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RO

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KELLLER SPRINGS

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362

T ES

536

488

DEC

333

400

533

E

CAMPBELL RD.

METHODIST RICHARDSON MEDICAL CTR.

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36

87

T

360

_INCORPORATED: URBAN RAIL

ARAPAHO RD

205 205 208 210 208 210

OU

GALATYN PARK STATION 824 Palisades Shuttle

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362 Y LL

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361

536

183

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362

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208 210 ILL

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350

347

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EXPRESS

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333

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883

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534 536 536

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SECTION 4 COLLECTIVE URBANISM_55

_SUB/URBAN FABRIC: SCALE

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56_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

_SUB/URBAN FABRIC: SCALE, the evolution of the grid

DOWNTOWN VISION (per 2008 TOD Plano Transit Village Study, TOD Strategies for Suburban Downtowns) 1/4 MILE STRATEGY “Transform downtown into a compact, mixed-use, urban center consistent with he principles of new urbanism and transit oriented design to enhance the community’s quality of life and provide a model for sustainable development within a maturing suburban city”

SECTION 4 COLLECTIVE URBANISM_57

MACHINE SCALE IF PEDESTRIANS AND THEIR ABILITY TO MOVE AROUND THE CITY CARRIES SO MUCH VALUE, THEN WHY DO CARS GET SUCH A DISPROPORTIONATE AMOUNT OF THE GROUND PLANE FOR TRANSPORTATION?1 1

“Rethinking the Urban Grid.” Intercon. December 26, 2015. Accessed May 06, 2018. https://intercongreen. com/2013/04/23/rethinking-the-urban-grid/.

58_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

DOWNTOWN PLANO/TOD REDEVELOPMENT CONSIDERS MATERIALITY AND SCALE.

HUMAN SCALE

SECTION 4 COLLECTIVE URBANISM_59

_DOWNTOWN PLANO: A MISSING MIDDLE LANDSCAPE _A 2000ft [1/2mi] WALK PASS DOWNTOWN PLANO

PLANO TOMORROW: NEIGHBORHOOD CONSERVATION ACTION STATEMENTS

In progress: “Study current housing options, identify gaps in the housing inventory and formulate recommendations to address deficiencies.”1

VS

CONSERVATION 1 “Neighborhood Conservation | Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan-Official Website.” Land Use & Community Design | Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan-Official Website.

Accessed May 06, 2018. http://www.planotomorrow.org/218/Neighborhood-Conservation.

60_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

EVOLVING HOUSING POLICIES

“In 2003, the City Council approved an amendment to the Retail zoning district that allow consideration of single-family and townhouse uses as part of a Specific Use Permit (SUP).

PLANO TOMORROW: LAND USE POLICY

“Plano will support a system of organized land use to provide greater housing and employment choices, where new and redevelopment areas respect existing neighborhoods and businesses.”1

In 2006, the Urban Centers Study was completed and identified possible locations for mixed-use urban centers around the city, specifically at Park Boulevard and Preston Road, Collin Creek Mall, and the Parker Road DART Station.

In 2012, the City of Plano adopted land use policies, which recommended the land situated in major employment areas and along expressway corridors be used for future economic development and employment opportunities. The policy also allowed for the consideration of mid-rise multifamily development (5 to 12 stories) and the creation of limited mixeduse urban centers along the expressway corridors.”1

1

Land Use & Community Design | Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan-Official Website. Accessed May 06, 2018. http://www.planotomorrow.org/150/Land-Use-Community-Design.

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DIVERSITY AND GROWTH

https://www.plano.gov/DocumentCenter/View/722/2015-Annual-Housing-Study SECTION 4 COLLECTIVE URBANISM_61

_PLANO TOMORROW, Priorities

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The Growth and Change Map shall not constitute zoning regulations or establish zoning district boundaries.

62_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX

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_PLANO TOMORROW, Controversy “The Plano Tomorrow Plan, the city’s first comprehensive development plan since 1986, was first presented in 2013. It was billed as a “long range guide to the city’s future over the next 20 years” that would help guide the city through future growth, development and redevelopment.

The plan highlights Plano’s desire to move forward from suburban community to big-time city, or as LaRosiliere likes to call it, “Plano 3.0.” Some longtime residents are resistant to the direction the city is heading.

The city passed the plan in October with a 6-2 vote. The following month, residents submitted a petition with over 4,000 signatures against the plan. But in November, during a City Council meeting, city secretary Lisa Henderson declared the petition “insufficient” to present to the council and the city moved forward with the plan.”1

“Last October, Christina Day, Plano’s director of planning, said the city will need to diversify housing to keep up with the city’s rapid growth.

“We still plan to add single-family detached units, but there would be some areas of town where housing would be more dense just in response to market demands,” she said.

Opponents of the plan said they were concerned that it calls for more apartments and big developments that could lead to significant increases in traffic, potential rezoning of school boundaries and negative effects on home values.”

PUBLIC RESPONSES: Example: “Traffic conditions at many intersections or the city are terrible.

We don’t need additional housing density to make it any worse. It’s time that Plano officials do what the taxpayers want and not what the developers and political insiders’ desire.

Change the plan. The Plano Future group has even written up the changes that are needed. Please do the right thing and vote NO to represent the voice of the citizens of Plano, which is what you were elected to do.”2

Despite having a relatively sustainable urban grid, featuring a hierarchy of alleyways, residential streets, avenues and collector streets, the residents dependence on automobile use overflows the grid and raises concerns as to its continued efficacy as the city grows. Unless Plano residents are willing to stall their economic growth and close their city, diversifying their transportation options and housing stock are necessary for Plano’s continued success as a “City of Excellence”

1

“Lawsuit over Controversial Plano Tomorrow Plan Will Continue, Judge Rules.” Dallas News. May 17, 2016. Accessed May 06, 2018. https://www.dallasnews.com/news/news/2016/05/17/lawsuit-over-controversial-plano-tomorrow-plan-will-continue-judge-rules.

2 http://www.planotomorrow.org/DocumentCenter/View/952/Public-Responses-Attachment-14-October-12-2015

SECTION 4 COLLECTIVE URBANISM_63

64_EDGE CITY 2.0: COLLECTIVE URBANISM :PLANO, TX