Architecture Design Studio - Volume One by Valerie Stetts

Valerie | Stetts ADS | Volume One

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VOLUME ONE

PROMPT

THE POSITIVE VOID: RESILIENT URBANISM - VALENCIA, SPAIN The contemporary city is a place of increasing complexity. Within the context of a globalized world we find burgeoning growth in many cities that is pushing developers and architects to consider and design for areas of untapped potential. Cities of historical significance face particular challenges of blending the old with the new. The city of Valencia, Spain is no exception; where we see a contrast of historic urban fabric with the busiest shipping container port in the Mediterranean Sea. This presents a creative opportunity to analyze the dialogue and constraints within the evolution of the city, and consider how resulting hybrid conditions can create program configurations that will add new value to the city and engender future potentials.

SITE

The site for our studio will be a district on the eastern edge of Valencia, Spain, known as Poblats Maritims, anchored to the shipping port that has developed over hundreds of years in several mutations. In the context of Valencia, the district is situated between a dense urban neighborhood to the west and the contrasting open beach and Mediterranean Sea to the east, presenting an exciting opportunity to design a new urban threshold in the city.

PROJECT

Influenced through research, students will design proposals for a new master plan for the Poblats Maritims district, followed by selection of individual sites within the district where each student will define building programs and design a work of architecture that responds to the following issues

- What program(s) present the most potential to amplify the future urban possibilities of Valencia and the Poblats Maritims District? - How do we as architects produce a meaningful work of architecture within a city of historical significance? - How can architecture redefine our thinking towards the blending of resilient programs, structure and urbanism? - What are the opportunities of redefining infrastructure and how can architecture engage and influence the neighborhood? - How can program proposals excite and capitalize on the economic and social potential of the area?

Student proposals will challenge the notion of what it means to build in Valencia, and set forth forward-thinking agendas on the future of the city and aspirational architectural programs. We will avoid predictable programs, such as art museums, and focus toward urban social political situations that will guide us to meaningful architectural responses.

PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS

KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND DESIGN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VII + PROJECT PROGRAMMING INSTRUCTORS Jay Siebenmorgen, Visiting Professor, NBBJ + Fran Silvestre, Distinguished Visiting Professor, FSA IN PHOTO FROM LEFT TO RIGHT David Sastre - FSA, Rosa Juanes - FSA, Weston Rothchild, Shanyuan Lui, Christian Berger, Zhang Bin, Alex Reyes, Tyler Andt, Jay Siebenmorgen - NBBJ, Fran Silvestre - FSA, Jake Brannon, Annie Reuther, Cameron Strickland, Jessica Jennings, Valerie Stetts, Paul Klippel, Sarah Kirchgessner

CONTENTS ADS | VOLUME ONE

PART I

PART II

PHOTO JOURNAL|117 -129

PART III

MASTERPLAN|131 -149

PART IV

SYNERGY PLAZA|151-181

PART V

ANTWERP CITY MAPPING|183 -203

PART VI

BIBLIOGRAPHY|205 -211

PART I |

| TIMELINE

MAPPING VALENCIA AND POBLATS MARITIMS

Taking the lessons learned from previous research exercises, we now look to the Poblats Maritims and Valencia. A unified studio with four teams all focusing on different Valencia subject matter are to be formed. As teams, the studio is to produce a collective body of research that will become a shared resource for all students.

TEAMS

TEAM 1: REGIONAL TERRAIN, INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORTATION + CLIMATE Christian Berger, Jessica Jennings, Shanyuan Lui, Weston Rothchild

- Regional Valencia: Map the complete city and its boundaries. - Urban Valencia: critical neighborhoods that define Valencia and neighborhoods surrounding the Poblats Maritims - Greater Valencia: terrain mappings that reveal the topography of the surrounding country terrain and city, and how it has influenced growth and neighborhood definitions. - Valencia Climate Mapping: Document in full detail the climate and microclimates of Valencia and the Poblats Maritims.

TEAM 2: URBAN VALENCIA: NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER Jake Brannon, Sarah Kirchgessner, Zhang Bin

- The Poblats Maritims is surrounded by several neighborhoods of different economic strata. The mix of building density and commerce, all of which have impact on the Poblats Maritim’s current and future growth, directly influences the character of each neighborhood.

TEAM 3: HISTORY: VALENCIA – URBAN CORE, THE POLBLATS MARITIMS + GREATER SHIPPING PORTS Annie Reuther, Cameron Strickland, Paul Klippel

- Tracking the history of the Poblats Maritims and its surrounding neighborhoods to current day condition is crucial for anyone to make a proposal towards the future.

TEAM 4: ZONING, CONTOUR & CLIMATE CHANGE: POBLATS MARITIMS + ADJACENT NEIGHBORHOODS Alex Reyes, Tyler Arndt, Valerie Stetts

- Zoning is the key to our studio understanding the constraints and possibilities of Poblats Maritims.

RESEARCH PROMPT

100B.C. By this time the main public buildings of the city have appeared in the present lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Almoina. They include the Templo de Asklepion, the forum, Basilica, Circus, temple of the forum, and infrastructure.

B.C.

ARCHITECTURE FLOODING EVENTS Valentia is destroyed by Pompei in a series of Civil Wars between Mario and Sila in which the city took a very active role. The city would remain uninhabited for 50 years until its refounding.

75B.C.

Valencia, then Valentia, is founded as a Roman colony by consul Junius Brutus Callaicus. The first settlers were approximately 2000 former soldiers of the wars of Viriato.

138B.C.

1021-â&#x20AC;&#x2122;61 100 B.C. During the reign of Abd al Aziz ibn Amir a new wall was built for defensive purposes. According to recordings, the wall had seven gates, was built of cement, and had semicircular towers of construction.

A.D.

Three armies of Moors fan out across the Iberian peninsula following the defeat of the Goths at the battle of Guadalete.

Valencia, is taken by the Visigoths. Seven governing bishops would be recorded during this period.

413 On January 22nd, Saint Vincent dies in Valencia from the wounds of his torture and becomes a martyr for Christianity.

304

Valencia becomes the seat of a newly established independent Moorish kingdom called Valencia that extends from Almeria to the Ebro estuary.

1021

718 Lead by Tarik, the Moors conquered Valencia, Murviendro, Jativa, and Denia.

711

The Tribunal de las Aguas was founded under the Caliph of Cordova Abd al Rahman III. The Court continues today, operating for over 1000 years.

960

1288 100 B.C. 18

The Almoina building was constructed.

1307 100 B.C. The Almudin (public granary) was constructed

1238 100 B.C. The Monasterio de San Vicente de la Roqueta is occupied.

Casas de la Ciudad construction is started.

1313 100 B.C.

1342 100 B.C.

1381 100 B.C.

Casas de la Ciudad construction is completed. (1307-1342)

1356 100 B.C.

Banos del Almirante is constructed.

Construction on the Medieval Walls begins.

James of Aragon I leads an army that pushes the Islamic Moors out of power in Valencia and adds the city to his dominion.

1238

A drought was followed by flooding from the river, killing 400 people and destroying all of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bridges. River Turia Flood

1352 River Turia Flood

1340 First Recorded River Turia Flood

1320

The Miguelete Tower construction is started.

1392 The Serranos gateway is erected.

1424 100 B.C. The Miguelete Tower is completed.

1482 100 B.C.

1533 100 B.C.

Construction begins on La Lonja Silk Exchange.

La Lonja Silk Exchange is completed.

1486

1479

The Corpus Christi College is established.

River Turia Flood

Violent flooding occurred which killed many and destroyed all of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mills. River Turia Flood

River Turia Flood

The Spanish Kingdom unites under Ferdinand and Isabella.

1586 100 B.C.

1589

River Turia Flood

1581

1486

River Turia Flood

The University of Valencia is established in the former Jewish quarter.

1577

River Turia Flood

1557

1498

River Turia Flood

1476

1555

River Turia Flood

1446

1540

1596 100 B.C.

1652 100 B.C.

The Serranos Bridge and Puente del Mar are constructed.

1599 100 B.C.

The Basilica Mare de Deu dels Desemparats begins construction.

The Ponte de Real is constructed.

1667 100 B.C. The Basilica Mare de Deu dels Desemparats construction is completed.

1685 100 B.C. Work to expand the Port of Valencia begins.

1688 100 B.C. Tower of Santa Catalina begins construction.

The Moors which made up 30% of the population are expelled from Spain leaving a devastating effect on the economy and culture.

1609

1705 100 B.C. Tower of Santa Catalina is completed.

Tomas Vicente Tosca makes the first cartographic representation of the city in the form of a perspective drawing.

1704

1768 100 B.C. The San Carlos Royal Academy of Fine Arts is established.

1839 100 B.C.

1860 100 B.C.

The Museu de Bellas Artes de Valencia is completed.

1840 100 B.C. Plaza Redona is constructed in the city center.

1810 100 B.C. Renovations to the municipal cemetery are made.

Napolean’s troops occupy Valencia and destroy the Royal Palace, the Soledad Church, the Zaldia Convent, and the San Juan Convent.

1808

The Plaza de Toros is constructed adjacent to Estacio del Nord.

1850 100 B.C. Estacio del Nord is completed.

1860 100 B.C. The Plaza de Toros is constructed adjacent to Estacio del Nord.

1864 100 B.C. Valencia’s medieval walls are destroyed.

Occupation of Napoleon’s troops ends.

1874

The “Urban Expansion Commission” is set up in the Municipality.

1876

The villages of El Cabanyal, Canyamelar, and Cap de Franca were merged into Valencia Valencia’s Ayuntamiento City to form the Poblats Hall is constructed. Maritims district.

1897

1901-’04

World War I

Valencia briefly serves as seat of the Loyalist Government during the Spanish Civil War.

1914-’18

1936-’37 Spanish Civil War occurs, marking the end of the Spanish Republic.

The ‘Banos del Almirante’ are declared a Historical Artistic Monument

1944

World War II

1936-’39 1939-’45

1965 100 B.C. Construction to divert the river Turia begins.

The “Plan de Ordenacion de Valencia y su Cintura” (Plan for the Organization of Valencia and its Surrounding Belt) was adopted.

1946

The “Solucion Sur” (Southern Solution) is adopted to redirect the river Turia south of the city.

1957 King Juan Carlos I gifts the Turia riverbed to Valencia upon which he builds the 7 kilometer park.

1957

The worst floods in Valencia’s history destroy the city. 81 deaths were recorded as a result.

1957

Crisis in the shipping and fishing industries initiate the slow decline of the Poblats Maritims district, whose economy was largely dependent on these industries.

1970

Unemployment, social problems, and pollution, which was the result of over a century of shipping and industrial activity, and the city dumping sewage into the harbor had degraded the district.

1980

The local Valencian government declares El Cabanyal a ‘Heritage of Cultural Interest’.

1993

2005 100 B.C. The “City of Arts and Sciences” by Calatrava is completed.

1998 100 B.C. Palau de Congresos is constructed.

2006 100 B.C. Veles i Vents is completed for the America’s Cup.

Valencia hosts its second edition of the America’s Cup.

After the Valencia City Council announced plans to extend the Blasco Ibanez Avenue, destroying 1600 dwellings in the El Cabanyal neighborhood, Salvem El Cabanyal was created to challenge new development.

2010

The Tribunal de las Aguas is declared by the UNESCO, Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, a ‘Tribunal of irrigators of the Spanish Mediterranean’.

1998

2009 Valencia hosts the European Formula One Grand Prix for five years at Marina Real Juan Carlos.

2008 The global Great Recession halts the development boom of the city.

2008-’12 Valencia hosts the America’s Cup.

2007

| HISTORY

HISTORY OF VALENCIA 138 BC - 714 AD

This era of Valencia dates from the time of its founding as a Roman colony in the 600s BCE to its eventual transition into a Moorish Islamic City in the 8th century. Sitting approximately 2.7 m below the current streets of Valencia, the Roman city sat on the south bank of the river Turia. Situated where the river Turia intersected via Augusta, te city was centered around the present-day cathedral and Plaza de la Virgen. From the forum ran the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cardo and Decunano roads that presently correspond with the Navellcs-Miguelete and Almudin-Caballeros streets. The city did not become important until the third century when the regional capital of Sagunto had been destroyed.

LEGEND CITY GROWTH

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HISTORY OF VALENCIA NOTABLE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS

LEGEND ROMAN VALENCIA BUILDINGS

Roman Forum Cathedral Via Augusta Basilica Curia Sanctuary of Asklepios Hot Springs

THE FORUM IN 200 AD

CENTRE ARQUEOLOGIC DE L’AMONIA

AREA OF L’ALMONIA IN 100 BC

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HISTORY OF VALENCIA 714 AD 0 1238 AD

The era of the Islamic Moors in Valencia started in 718 after the Goths were overthrown. During this time Valenciaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy would flourish due to the Moorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s agricultural technological contributions to the region. In the 11th century walls were built to enclose the city, an area of 47 hectares and a population of approximately 15,000. The urban fabric consisted of blind alleys and walled garden residences.

LEGEND CITY GROWTH

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HISTORY OF VALENCIA

LEGEND

NOTABLE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS

ISLAMIC MOOR BUILDINGS

The Alcazar Fortress (The Archbishopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Palace) Mosque (The Cathedral) The Almudin Central Market Banos del Almirante Tribunal de las Aguas Islamic City Walls THE ALMUDIN

CENTRAL MARKET

BANOS DEL ALMIRANTE

1 3 2

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3 4

HISTORY OF VALENCIA 1238 AD - 1812 AD

James of Aragon I conquered Valencia in 1238 and would fundamentally lay the foundation for a change in the way the city developed that differed from the Moors. First Valencia was divided into four quarters corresponding to the citizen’s origins with over 1600 houses listed in “Libre del Repartiment” being given to newcomers from Barcelona. The remaining Moor population was moved to the outskirts of the city on the west side. Traditionally Islamic homes were converted to accommodate their new Christian inhabitants, in addition to new churches.

LEGEND CITY GROWTH

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HISTORY OF VALENCIA

LEGEND

NOTABLE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS

The Puente del Mar The Real Bridge Basilica of the Mare de Deu dels Desemparats The San Carlos Royal Academy of Fine Arts The Civic Center Around the Plaza de la Catedral

El Almudin Casa de la Cuidad Medieval City Walls The Serranos Gateway The University of Valencia La Lonja The Miguelete Tower

SERRANOS TOWERS

MIGUELETE TOWER

POST CONQUEST BUILDINGS

THE UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA

3 1 2

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6 7 8

HISTORY OF VALENCIA 1812 - 1950

Spanning from 1800 to the mid 1900s, the modern era was the time of moderate expansion for Valencia. Briefly Napoleon’s troops occupied the city and destroyed the Royal Palace, the Soledad Church, the Zaldia convent and the San Juan convent. However the Plaza Redonda was added to the city in its geometric center. In 1865 after demolishing the old walls, Valencia began to expand to the south and east along the roads connecting it with its port and coastal districts also known as ‘Poblats Maritims’.

LEGEND CITY GROWTH

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HISTORY OF VALENCIA NOTABLE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS

LEGEND

Estacion del Norte Plaza de Toros de Valencia City Hall at Plaza de San Francisco Mercat Central Mercat Colom Plaza de lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ajuntament Telegraph Office

ESTACIO DEL NORD (ESTACION DEL NORTE)

MODERN VALENCIA BUILDINGS

CITY HALL AT PLAZA DE SAN FRANCISCO

PLAZA DE TOROS

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11 10

HISTORY OF VALENCIA 1950 - PRESENT

The cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s contemporary era spans from the 1950s to the present day and has been a time of aggressive expansion. Following devastating flooding in 1957, the adoption of Solucion Sur in 1958 and the 1966 General Plan, Valencia diverted the river Turia and looked to expand toward the coast. Simultaneously immigrants from rural and southern Spain flocked to the city seeking employment. Development swelled and resulted in new infrastructure, urban expansion, and the areas of the City of Arts and Sciences, the Congress Center, the Bioparc and Cabecera Park, and the Royal Marina.

LEGEND CITY GROWTH

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HISTORY OF VALENCIA NOTABLE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS Conference Palace Veles i Vents Formula One at Marina Real Juan Carlos City of Arts and Sciences Hemisferic IMAX Oceanografic Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia

CIUDAD DE LAS ARTES Y LAS CIENCIAS

LEGEND

Agora Museu de les Ciencies Principe Felipe

CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS

CIUDAD DE LAS ARTES Y LAS CIENCIAS

GRAND PRIX AT MARINA REAL JUAN CARLOS 2

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HISTORY OF VALENCIA FLOODING

In 1957 Valencia faced its worst flood in recorded history. Just after midnight on October 4, 1957 debris and logs stated to flow into the city, blocking bridges that connected the two halves of Valencia. More than 1000 cubic meters of water per second flowed into the cities streets. At 4 AM the flood reached its peak of approximately 2700 cubic metres of water per second, but quickly tapered off afterwards. A single telephone line remained to Castellon allowing for emergency services to be contacted. All roads out of the city towards Madrid, Barcelona, and Albacete were blocked or swept away.

enough to limit sight. At 3:30 PM the second flood reached its apex with 6000 cubic meters of water per second, washing away buildings and expanding the rivers size to cover 2200 hectares. The neighborhoods of Nazaret, El Cabanyal and Malvarrosa were the most impacted districts.

LEGEND ORIGINAL RIO TURIA ROUTE EXTENT OF 1957 FLOOD NEW RIO TURIA ROUTE

Later that same day at 2 PM a second flood occurred with 3500 cubic meters of water per second rushing into the city with rain dense

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NEW PORT DEVELOPMENTS

As the river was moved it created a new border along the southern edge of the city. This allowed for a more connected city with a green belt now connecting the developed districts of the city. The movement of the river allowed for more expansions of the port since the Poblats Maritims district was more stable and free from the issues of flooding. SPLITTING THE POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT While the movement of the river was largely a boon for the city it did have repercussions on the coastal district of Poblats Maritims. The re-routing of the Rio Turia lead to the development of Mega-Events such as the construction of the Formula 1 track. These events have divided neighborhoods of the Poblats Maritims district, separating these neighborhoods from the rest of the city.

HISTORY OF VALENCIA

LEGEND NEW ROUTE OF RIO TURIA DEVELOPED GREEN BELT

PORT DEVELOPMENT 1798 In 1798 the Mirallas project began. The project was grand in scope. All of the shelters in the port would be anchored to protect them from the wind. A series of dykes in the form a of a polygon would be designed with the last dyke running parallel to the beach to improve protection. Finally, dykes would be constructed to prevent the entrance of water from the River Turia entering into the port. These were monumental improvements but as the War for Independence grew, this project was stopped. 1867 Reform began again in 1867 by Llovera. He proposed designing a Pier in a new direction to improve its resistance against the sea. He designed a dam with a tower for a lighthouseto improve conditions for ships. Finally, the tip of the dam would be designed to make

the entrance of ships into the port easier and safer. They would replace monoliths with piles of hollow blocks filled with concrete. This increases the sections and introduces the use of pozzolans to avoid destruction of portland cement by sea water.

Authority. At this point in time the city had diverted the river to a new location to prevent it from flooding again.

1921 In 1921 the Iberian Company of Constructions and Works Public was committed to execute the master project. Installations were made to by contractors for starting and transporting stone coming from the quarry of Saguto. This project was completed in 1931 but was completely destroyed by a cyclonic storm. 1980 In 1980, royal decree integrated the ports of Sagunto, Gandia and Valencia to form the Valencia port. It is managed by the Valencia Port

1798

1867

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1921

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1980

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PORT DEVELOPMENT 1992 The Ports Act changed name from Autonomous Port of Valencia to Port Authority of Valencia in 1992. Little had changed from 1980 but development was being and terminals and docks started growing.

tem). At this time the port really began to take shape riding the original river all together, adding more terminal and docking space, and adding the marina. This helped the port to become Spain’s 2nd second busiest cargo port and largest container port.

2004 In 2004 Valencia developed a system of environmental indicators for ports and began work to join the Environmental Management System. More terminals were added as well.

2017

2007 The port received validation and verification of environmental declaration and received the Eco-Excellence Award in 2008. Valencia became an official member of the EMAS (environmental management sys

The strategy since 2010 has been to create a mixed hub model to add value. A major investment to improve the port has been underway and the port authority states, “today’s demands have shifted from port infrastructure to reliability, economic self-sufficiency and environmental sustainability.”

1992

2004

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2007

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2017

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PRESENT DAY DEVELOPMENT 1. CRUISE QUAYS Three main units were created to house the growing number of cruise ships docking in Valencia. A service area as well as pick-up area for passengers was also added in this project.

REDESIGNING TERMINALS This project included the incorporation of roundabouts to the terminals. This design freed up space for rail tracks to be laid in the future. An anti- noise screen was also added.

2. BREAKWATER CONSTRUCTION In an effort to better support the container and cruise industry an effort was made to strengthen the Breakwater. This will also enable the future construction of 1 cruise terminal and 1 container terminal.

EXTENSION OF RAIL TRACKS This project was designed to increase the abilities of operations to have more flexibility. It called for an increase in the length of track as well as a new lay-out. It made it necessary to improve some road traffic as well.

3. NEW LIGHTHOUSE The newly designed breakwaters made it necessary to build a new lighthouse. It is 32 meters high and visible from within 25 nautical miles. It was entirely built with composite materials which was a first of its kind.

NEW DOCK This 4 building project houses offices, a control tower, storage and workshops. The buildings are located in front of the quays and berthing jetties. They are equipped with lightning rods, solar heated water, ventilation, sanitation.

EXPANSION OF MSC. TERMINAL Designed to extend the storage area for the MSC terminal East. This project includes construction of a new Breakwater, with berm and protected by natural rock-fill. It includes longitudinal and transverse crane rails and service networks for voltage, lighting, fire, telecourses, and drainage.

INTERIOR DOCK

5 2

RAISED DOCK NORTH DOCK

TURIA DOCK

1 6

EAST DOCK

7 3 SOUTH DOCK BALEARIC SEA

PORT ACTIVITIES DISTRIBUTION AND ZONING

Port authority of Valencia is not only responsible for Valencia but also 2 other state owned ports, Gandia and Sagunto. Valencia controls a vast majority of the products going in and out of the port. After Spain joined the EU the port had to alter due to state laws transitioning it from a public service port to the current “landlord port.” Basic port services remain directly provided by the Port Authority. Other port services are regulated and managed by private companies under authorization or concession regimes; these services include dredging, mooring, towage, pilotage, terminal operations, and stowage. As of now the port of Valencia counts with three equipped container terminals which are MSC terminal, TCV and Noatum with Noatum handling the largest amount of container traffic. Dedicated terminals contracts may boost integration advantage for shipping companies. This regulation

PORTS DISTRIBUTION

VESSEL TYPE 2016

has more to do with the current shape of the port model than market trends. Opening port services helps the port to facilitate more competitive prices and quality to global shipping companies and Valencia traffics almost any type of product. Overall, it has a positive effect on Valencia giving 19,800 people employment and bringing in 1,740 million euros in revenue.

MAJOR TERMINALS TRANSPORTATION STORAGE GENERAL FACILITY BUILDING AUTOMOBILE STORAGE STORAGE TANKS

LEGEND PASSENGER TERMINALS

CONTAINER STORAGE TERMINALS AND COMMERCIAL

ROYAL MARINA

TERMINALS AND COMMERCIAL

SAGUNTO GANDIA VALENCIA

TCV MERCHANT VESSELS TANKERS BULK CARRIERS GENERAL CARGO ONLY GOODS PASSENGERS CRUISE CONTAINERSHIPS

MSC.

GOODS DISTRIBUTED 2016

FERTILIZERS NON-METALLIC IRON STEEL ENERGY CHEMICAL PRODUCTS PRODUCTS BUILDING MATERIALS AGRICULTURE OTHER VEHICLES

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NOATUM

PREVIOUS PROPOSALS THE IDEA

The America’s Cup, The Formula 1 World Championship Race and a visit from Pope John Paul II were the events that would lead the showcase of the new urban space in Valencia. The GRAO Masterplan was an intervention for the city. It’s purpose was to create an architectural contest designed at connecting the old city and the green spaces with the seaside. Jean Nouvel and GPM won the architectural contest. Thomas Llavador would be in charge of mixing the two plans to create the overall design and development of Valencia in the 2000. The masterplan called for a Green Delta. This is a vast open space that would serve as a permanent landscape. Mixed within this green space were high density buildings in which the Formula 1 circuit would travel. The new urban center would be focused on developing the waterfront with low density traffic more accessible to pedestrians and bicycle

traffic. The new buildings would be dispersed in order to create blurred lines between the green space and the city. There are residential areas, singular building areas and new nonresidential and public equipment programs. This design of mixed uses is a priority in an effort to link, housing, work and play in the modern era.

on the city budget. Many are now left unfinished, or in need of major repairs that the city can not afford to address. A prime example of this is the Valencia CF stadium.

LESSON LEARNED Rocked by an economic crisis and a poor analysis of city needs, Valencia stands frozen in time. Heavily in debt and abandoned, the city was unable to maintain many of its sought after events. The Formula 1 Grand Prix has not returned since 2012. The America’s Cup was only held in Valencia in 2007 and 2010. The Marina’s stand abandoned. Major buildings attract tourist but the cost and budget overruns have made them a drain

LEGEND GRAU AREA ROYAL MARINA EXISTING GREEN SPACE

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HIGHRISE BUILDINGS WITH GREEN DELTA

ABANDONED STREET CIRCUIT

GRAO MASTER PLAN

LIFE EXPECTANCY

The Poblats Maritims district has gone through years of beneficial development and expansion. In recent times however, the district has faced various issues that have had a negative impact on the population that resides there.

HISTORY OF VALENCIA

LEGEND

There have been attempts to redevelop the area though these plans are contested as they would call for the displacement of a large refugee and immigrant population and would destroy a historic district of Valencia.

The district started as a fisherman settlement that grew in size with the initial construction of the port in 1438. As the port expanded, so to did the district. The district eventually came to incorporate the El Cabanyal, Canyamelar, El Grau, and Natzaret. The 1957 flood wrought devastation upon the population of the Poblats Maritims district in particular. As the city’s population exploded in the 1960’s and 1970’s the population of Poblats Maritims decreased by 8% while other areas saw a decrease of 33%.

77.35 74.59 LIFE EXPECTANCY (MALE) 83.79 82.71 LIFE EXPECTANCY (FEMALE) 1 3.11 % ILLITERACY RATE 9.31 13.22 % POPULATION WITH <9TH GRADE EDUCATION 47.29 44.23 % ECONOMIC ACTIVITY RATE 7.81 9.14 % UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

VALENCIA POBLATS MARITIMS

HISTORY OF VALENCIA EXPANSION

The city of Valencia, Spain has grown tremendously since its initial inception in 138 BC. Since then the city has been conquered and controlled numerous times by different groups, each leaving their culture and influence markedly on the city. The city began as a Roman colony and over the years has grown to one of the largest ports in the region. Valencia, being the third largest city in Spain behind Madrid and Barcelona, is home to a culturally diverse mixture of activities and peoples.

LEGEND 138 BC 714 AD 1812 AD 1950 AD 2017 AD

Presently, the city is poised to make major investments into the development of the port and surrounding areas as the city strives to make become more sustainable by adding numerous parks and open spaces.

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HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT

Poblats Maritims was initially settled by fisherman who built barraques on the shore of the Balearic Sea. With the establishment of the port in 1438 the area began to grow due to trade. The area saw a steady increase in size over time until the 1957 flood of the Rio Turia severely impacted the area. The area would suffer more in the following years with a decrease in population and pollution issues. SHIFTING THE RIVER The Rio Turia is one of the defining factors in the location of Valencia and in the past proved to be a major means of getting to the interior geography of Spain. Though, as the city grew, the flooding of the Turia posed challenging for further development. Therefore after a major flood in 1957 the decision was made to reroute the river south.

GROWTH OF POBLATS MARITIMS

LEGEND 1900 AD 2017 AD 2017 AD NEW ROUTE OF RIO TURIA OLD RIO TURIA ROUTE POBLATS MARITIMS BOUNDARY

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urban development has extended along with the river. and reachs the harbor area.

The density of the comminity extended from the central of the city to the river and sea. The density of population is large and blocks of apartments are everywhere. They inter

MASS AND VOID GROWING COMMUNITY

The city of Valencia is divided into a northern and southern area. The city center is located centrally along the river. Most urban development has extended along with the river. and reaches the harbor area. The density of the community extended from the central of the city to the river and sea. The density of population congregates in large blocks of apartment buildings spread throughout the city.

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| CLIMATE + TERRAIN

REGIONAL TERRAIN TOPOGRAPHY OF SPAIN

The Spanish mainland is bordered to the south and east almost entirely by the Mediterranean Sea (except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar); to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal. With an area of 504,030 km², Spain is the fourth largest country in Western Europe (behind France) and with an average altitude of 650 m. Occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula’s land area (approximately 85%), 45% of land is covered by the Meseta Plateau.

Montes de Toledo, Sierra Morena and the Sistema Bético (Baetic System) whose highest peak, the 3,478 metre-high (11,411 foot) Mulhacén, located in Sierra Nevada, is the highest elevation in the Iberian Peninsula. The highest point in Spain is the Teide, a 3,718 metre (12,198 ft) active volcano in the Canary Islands. The Meseta Central (often translated as “Inner Plateau”) is a vast plateau in the heart of peninsular Spain.

LEGEND 2000 - 4000 METERS 1000 - 2000 METERS 0 - 1000 METERS PEAKS

Mainland Spain is a mountainous country, dominated by high plateaus and mountain chains. After the Pyrenees, the main mountain ranges are the Cordillera Cantábrica (Cantabrian Range), Sistema Ibérico (Iberian System), Sistema Central (Central System),

FRANCE

ATLANTIC OCEAN

PORTUGAL

VALENCIA

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

CANARY ISLANDS

CLIMATE ZONES MAJOR ZONES

CONTINENTAL CLIMATE Spain’s most predominant climate is continental. Winters are cold enough for snows and most of the rainfall occurs in late Spring. Summers can be hot and - in the North, which is very green - rainy. MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE Spain’s Mediterranean climate is only active throughout one-fifth of the country. Winters are generally mild and summers vary in intensity depending on the region. For the most part, temperatures are moderate and there is not a wide range between the summer highs and winter lows.

LEGEND ized by extensive rainfall. Summers tend to be warm, but not hot. Winters are not as cold as in the continental climate zones. Precipitation is relatively consistent throughout the year. MOUNTAIN CLIMATE These areas are characterized by cold winters, mild summers, and predominantly cold temperatures. Snow and strong winds are also common. ARID CLIMATE This area of Spain is characteristically hot and dry, with very little rainfall. Spain’s semi-deserts can be found here.

CONTINENTAL ARID MEDITERRANEAN OCEANIC MOUNTAIN

OCEANIC CLIMATE This climate zone predominates over Spain’s northern coast and the north-western region of Galicia. This climactic zone is character-

FRANCE

ATLANTIC OCEAN

PORTUGAL

VALENCIA

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

CANARY ISLANDS

VALENCIA TERRAIN DENSITY INFLUENCED BY TERRAIN The Valencian Community or the Valencian Country is an autonomous community of Spain. Valencia community has a widely diverse landscape with more than 450 kilometers of coastline and beaches along the Mediterranean, bordered by Cataluña to the north and Murcia to the south. With a total area of some 23,255 square kilometers, yet only 120 kilometers at its widest point, the area has both high mountains and plains, wetlands and beaches, a temperate climate yet with semiarid desert environments and lush forests in the interior. The inland part of the territory is mountainous, with some of the highest peaks in the Valencia and Castellón provinces forming part of the Iberian mountain range. The most emblematic mountain of the Valencian Community is the Penyagolosa, in the Alcalatén area, the highest peak is 1,813 m, but actually the highest peak is the Calderón (1,839 m) located in the Rincón de Ademuz, a Valencian exclave between Aragon and Castilla-La Mancha. The most emblematic mountain in the southern part of the territory is the Aitana (1,558 m). Depending on the geographical environment, the vast majority of cities and towns are located near by the coastline. Valencia city is located in the middle of Valencia community, Valencia is the capital and the largest city in Valencia community.

LEGEND 2,000 - 4,000 METERS 1,000 - 2,000 METERS 0 - 1,000 METERS PEAKS

DENSITY INFLUENCED BY TERRAIN Valencia community include three provinces which are Castellón, Valencia and Alicante. The population of Valencia community is 5,029,601. Accounting for 10.6% of the total population of Spain. The average population is 202 people per km². As the western region is covered by plateaus and mountains, more than 85% of Valencia residents live around the coastline. The thin coastal strip is a very fertile plain mainly of past mountains except those cap around the Cap de la Nau area in northern Alicante province and the Peñíscola (Peníscola) area in the Castellón province. Typical of this coastal area are wetlands and marshlands as L’Albufera close to Valencia, El Fondo in Elche (Elx) and Crevillent, La Marjal near Pego or El Prat in Cabanes, also the former wetlands and sal evaporation ponds in the Santa Pola and Torrevieja area. All of them are key RAMSAR sites which make Valencia of high relevance for both migratory and resident seabirds and waterbirds. There are many important coastal dunes in the Saler area near the Albufera and in the Guardamar area, both of them were planted with thousands of trees during the 19th century in order to fix the dunes, thus forming now protected areas of remarkable ecologic value.

PEOPLE / KM² 0 - 25 25 - 300 300 - 1,000 1,000 - 1,500 MORE THAN 1,500

POPULATION DENSITY

CLIMATE SPRING

Temperatures in the spring are warm and comfortable which makes the season a very popular time for tourists. Easter is the most popular event of the spring season and prompts many Spanish to travel to see friends and family. MADRID - March: The temperature slowly warms up around this time. - April: The wet season arrives. - May: Wet. VALENCIA - March: The coldest spring month. - April: Temperatures are milder. - May: Mild temperatures. BARCELONA - March: Temperatures slowly heat up, and skies are normally cloudy.

- April: Temperatures begin heating up, but are not very consistent. Occasional rain showers are expected. - May: Comfortable temperatures.

NORTH-WEST SPAIN - March: The weather is mild but very wet. - April: Similar weather to March. - May: More comfortable temperatures.

ANDALUSIA - March: This is the warmest region of Spain during this time of year. The weather consists of mainly sunny and dry days. - April: The region experiences generally good weather. - May: Comfortable temperatures. NORTHERN SPAIN - March: Colder rain showers are common. - April: The temperature rises very little while the region experiences the wet season. - May: Wet.

FRANCE

ATLANTIC OCEAN

LOS LOCOS, SUANCES

BARCELONA

MADRID PORTUGAL VALENCIA LAS FALLAS FESTIVAL

MEDITERRANEAN SEA ANDALUSIA

ROCA BLANCA, SUANCES

CLIMATE SUMMER

In the summer, inhabitants of the central cities gravitate towards the coast. Spain’s internal cities get unbearably hot in the summer with temperatures regularly reaching 113°F (45°C). MADRID - June: Hot and dry. - July: Uncomfortably hot. - August: Uncomfortable heat and humidity. VALENCIA - June: Hot and dry. - July: Uncomfortably hot. - August: Uncomfortable heat and humidity. BARCELONA - June: Cool but pleasant temperatures. - July: Hot and sunny. - August: Reliably warm and dry.

ANDALUSIA - June: Hot, but the best time to visit. - July: Unbearable heat. - August: Unbearable heat. The hottest temperatures in Europe. NORTHERN SPAIN - June: Mainly comfortable temperatures with a fair chance of rain. - July: A good time to enjoy the north. Rains subside and the days are generally warm. - August: Generally warm days with less rainfall but frequent wet spells. NORTH-WEST SPAIN - June: Rainy with rising temperatures. - July: The driest month with good weather. - August: Less rainfall with warm temperatures.

FRANCE

ATLANTIC OCEAN

THE COSTA BRAVA

BARCELONA

MADRID PORTUGAL VALENCIA CASCO ANTIGUO, VALENCIA MEDITERRANEAN SEA ANDALUSIA

L’HEMISFERIC, VALENCIA

CLIMATE AUTUMN

Spain starts to return to more comfortable temperatures at this time of year. MADRID - September: Comfortably warm - October: Best time to visit. Temperatures are pleasantly warm and rain is rare. - November: Pleasant, but not very warm. VALENCIA - September: Pleasant temperatures. - October: The temperature begins to dip, the wettest month for the region. - November: Chilliest autumn month. BARCELONA - September: Summer temperatures with cool sea breezes. - October: Generally pleasant weather. - November: Cool but not cold.

ANDALUSIA - September: The sunniest region with more temperate coastal cities. - October: Pleasantly warm. - November: Still pleasantly warm with dropping temperatures. NORTHERN SPAIN - September: Comfortable temperatures. - October: Pleasant but unpredictable. - November: Rain and cold temperatures. NORTH-WEST SPAIN - September: Temperatures are several degrees lower than that of other surrounding regions. - October: Very wet with mild temperatures. - November: Rainy and windy.

FRANCE

ATLANTIC OCEAN

LA GRANJA DE SAN ILDEFONSO

BARCELONA

MADRID PORTUGAL VALENCIA THE SEGOVIA AQUEDUCT MEDITERRANEAN SEA ANDALUSIA

URBAIN BASQUES

CLIMATE WINTER

The year starts off cold. The hardest hit areas are the high altitude central cities like Madrid, Toledo, Salamanca, and the countryside around these cities. MADRID - December: Gets cold, especially at night. - January: Unpredictable, cold weather. - February: Cold, but reasonably dry. VALENCIA - December: Very mild, average above 52°F. - January: The coldest month. - February: Very mild temperatures, average around 53°F, stays green throughout the year. BARCELONA - December: Chilly, rainy and overcast days. - January: Pretty cold, but fairly dry.

- February: A little warmer than Madrid, not much rain. ANDALUSIA - December: Good warm weather, but still gets chilly at night. - January: The coldest month with rogue warm days. - February: Cool weather with infrequent rain. NORTHERN SPAIN - December: Rains 50% of the days. - January: Cold and wet. - February: Cold and very rainy. NORTH-WEST SPAIN - December: The wettest month. - January: Cool and very wet. - February: Very wet and rainy.

FRANCE

ATLANTIC OCEAN

PARC DE LA CIUTADELLA

BARCELONA

MADRID PORTUGAL VALENCIA NAVACERADA

MEDITERRANEAN SEA ANDALUSIA

THE VAL D’ARAN

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

LEGEND

SUMMER COMFORT ZONE

Valencia has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with short, very mild winters and long, hot and dry summers.

RECORD HIGH DESIGN HIGH

WINTER COMFORT ZONE

LOCATION: Valencia, ESP

AVERAGE HIGH

LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 39.5° North, 0.47° West ELEVATION: 203 FT

MEAN

TIME ZONE: Greenwich 1 AVERAGE LOW DESIGN LOW

RECORD LOW

110

100

JAN

FEB

MAR

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ANNUAL

SUN COVERAGE THROUGH THE YEAR

Valencia provides good access to the Costa Blanca, a popular tourist area. The weather isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t as hot as on the Costa del Sol, but is still very pleasant throughout the summer. The sun shines, on average 7 hours a day. In winter, Valencia has about three times more sun duration than the northern half of Europe.

HOURS OF SUN COVERAGE 400 HRS

300 HRS

200 HRS

100 HRS

0 HRS JAN

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PERCENTAGE OF SUN COVERAGE 100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0% JAN

FEB

WINTER - SUN EXPOSURE RANGE: DECEMBER 21 - JUNE 21

DESIGN STRATEGIES: For passive solar heating face most of the glass area south to maximize winter sun exposure, but design overhangs to fully shade in summer. Heat gains from lights, people, and equipment greatly reduces heating needs so keep space tight, well insulated. Provide double pan high performance glazing (Low-E) on west, north, and east, but clear on south for maximum passive solar gain. Use light colored building materials and cool roofs (with high emissivity) to minimize conducted heat gain. Long narrow building floor plan can help maximize cross ventilation in temperate and hot humid climates.

Shade to prevent overheating, open to breezes in summer, and use passive solar gain in winter. Low pitched roofs with wide overhangs work well in temperate climates. Keep the building small(right-sized) because excessive floor area wastes heating and cooling energy. Trees (neither conifer or deciduous) should not be planted in front of passive solar windows, but are OK beyond 45 degrees from each corner.

JUN

MAY

APR

MAR FEB

JAN

DEC

LEGEND WARM/HOT > 80° (SHADE NEEDED) COMFORT > 68° (SHADE HELPS) COOL/COLD < 68° (SUN NEEDED)

RANGE: JUNE 21 - DECEMBER 21

DESIGN STRATEGIES: Tiles or slate (even on wood floors) or a stonefaced fireplace provides enough surface mass to store winter daytime solar gain and summer nighttime cooling. Traditional passive homes in temperate climates used light weight construction with slab on grade and operable walls and shaded outdoor spaces. Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather (seasonal sun rooms, enclosed patios, courtyards, or verandahs). Window overhangs or operable sunshades (awnings that extend in summer) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning.

Organize floor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specific functions that coincide with solar orientation. Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather, if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes. On hot days ceiling fans or indoor air motion can make it seem cooler by 5 degrees F (2.8째 C) or more, thus less air conditioning is needed. Screened porches and patios can provide passive comfort cooling by ventilation in warm weather and can prevent insect problems.

JUN JUL

AUG

SEP OCT

NOV

DEC

SUMMER - SUN EXPOSURE

LEGEND WARM/HOT > 80째 (SHADE NEEDED) COMFORT > 68째 (SHADE HELPS) COOL/COLD < 68째 (SUN NEEDED)

CLOUD COVERAGE THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

LEGEND

This chart shows the percentage of cloud cover in the sky. For example, on average, a day in February can see up to 80% sky coverage, with a low of around 18%.

100%

SUMMER COMFORT ZONE RECORD HIGH AVERAGE HIGH MEAN AVERAGE LOW

RECORD LOW 0%

CLEAR SKIES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% JAN

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ANNUAL

WIND VELOCITY - MPH THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

LEGEND

Valencia has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with short, very mild winters and long, hot and dry summers.

RECORD HIGH AVERAGE HIGH

LOCATION: Valencia, ESP MEAN

LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 39.5° North, 0.47° West ELEVATION: 203 FT

AVERAGE LOW

TIME ZONE: Greenwich 1 RECORD LOW

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

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ANNUAL

WIND VELOCITY - MPH THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

The wind rose for Valencia shows how many hours per year the wind blows from the indicated direction.

LEGEND > 0 mph

> 3 mph

> 7 mph

> 12 mph

> 17 mph

> 24 mph

PRECIPITATION THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

Valencia has dry periods in June, July and August. On average, October is the wettest month. On average, July is the driest month. The average amount of annual precipitation is 18.31 inches (465.0 mm). The average annual amount of rainy days: 64 days.

PRECIPITATION 5 INCHES

4 INCHES

3 INCHES

1 INCH

0 INCHES JAN

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RAINY DAYS 30 DAYS

23 DAYS

15 DAYS

8 DAYS

0 DAYS

CITY CENTER WEATHER THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

LEGEND

Valencia has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with short, very mild winters and long, hot and dry summers.

WARMEST AVERAGE

LOCATION: Valencia, ESP COLDEST

LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 39.5° North, 0.47° West ELEVATION: 203 FT

WEATHER STATION LOCATION

TIME ZONE: Greenwich 1 AIRPORT CITY CENTER

TEMPERATURE 35°C 30°C 25°C 20°C 15°C 10°C 5°C 0°C JAN

FEB

MAR

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JUN

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DAYS WITH PRECIPITATION 6

0 JAN

FEB

MAR

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

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AIRPORT WEATHER THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

LEGEND

Valencia has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with short, very mild winters and long, hot and dry summers.

WARMEST AVERAGE

LOCATION: Valencia, ESP COLDEST

LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 39.5° North, 0.47° West ELEVATION: 203 FT

WEATHER STATION LOCATION

TIME ZONE: Greenwich 1 AIRPORT CITY CENTER

TEMPERATURE 35°C 30°C 25°C 20°C 15°C 10°C 5°C 0°C JAN

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DAYS WITH PRECIPITATION 6

0 JAN

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GLOBAL WARMING REGIONAL AND LOCAL

1892 - 1896

Between 1995 and 2015, the death toll from natural disasters in Spain was 1,215 with 178 of those deaths due to heat waves. Energy is responsible for almost 80% of Spanish CO2 emissions. Electricity generation accounts for 26% of emissions, and transportation emissions grew by 41% from 1990 - 2015. Spain’s goal is to cut emissions by more than 80% by 2050, though this is slow going. If nothing is done to cut these emissions heat waves will be the biggest killer of children, the elderly and the chronically ill within the next 65 years. As for Valencia, if the temperature continues to rise and does increase by 4°C as predicted, much of the coast line will be lost due to increased sea levels.

WORLD-WIDE The illustrations below show the change in global surface temperature starting from 1892. The year 2016 ranks as the warmest on record. According to NASA, the planet’s average surface temperature has risen about 2.0 °F (1.1°C) since the late 19th century. Sea levels are expected to rise between 7 and 23 inches, hurricanes and other storms are likely to become stronger, and floods and droughts will become more common. Less fresh water will be available, and as a result, some diseases will spread.

LEGEND 2 °C

1 °C

0 °C

-1 °C

-2 °C

2012 - 2016

ANNUAL LANDFALL FREQUENCY

MEDITERRANEAN HURRICANES AND WINDS

LANDFALL FREQUENCY PER YEAR

A very rare occurrence; hurricanes that form in the Mediterranean Sea are known as ‘medicanes’. Given the cooler temperatures of the Mediterranean, medicanes are much smaller and shorter lived than tropical cyclones and make landfall less than once a year in the region. Damages from these storms usually come in the form of increased winds and flooding from increased rain. Countries that are affected the most by these kinds of rare storms are Italy, Malta, Greece, and parts of Spain. To put this into perspective, those listed countries experience between .13% and .32% landfalls per year, with Sardinia, Sicily, and mainland Italy taking the brunt of medicane storms that form in the region.

LESS THAN .04%

Balearic Islands are located directly east of Valencia, Spain, and appear to break up the storms before they are able to reach Valencia.

.05% TO .08%

MEDITERRANEAN WINDS Local winds in the mediterranean are constantly changing, but twelve major winds are identified. These dominant winds of the Mediterranean are channeled through deep valleys between the mountain chains, and sweep into the sea from set angles.

.09% TO .12% .13% TO .16% .24% TO .32%

Behind Italy, Spain’s Balearic Islands is the second most hit area, experiencing about .24% annual landfalls. Interestingly, the

MISTRAL

BORA

MARIN LIBECCIO

GREGALE

LEVANTER

ETESIAN

MELTEMI

VENDAVEL SCIROCCO (CHILI)

SCIROCCO GHIBLI

KHAMSIN

CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISING WATERS THE POBLATS MARTIMS DISTRICT

If global warming is left unchecked, the Poblats Maritims district and Valencia as a whole will suffer from widespread flooding, loss of land, and historical sites. Currently, an increase of 2 °C is expected in 200 years. At this rate, an increase of 1 °C could cover fifty percent of the Poblats Maritims district in the next century. Rising water as a result of increased rain and Mediterranean hurricanes are also factors that Valencia is exposed to. In the even of heavy rains or a medicane hitting Valencia, waters could rise anywhere between zero to three meters.

RISING WATERS district will be reclaimed by the sea. At sixty meters the entire city of Valencia would be overrun by the rising waters.

60 METERS = +28 °C / 50.4 °F 13 METERS = +6 °C / 10.8 °F

LEGEND CITY BOUNDARY

5 METERS = +2.5 °C / 4.5 °F

POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT

2 METERS = +1 °C / 1.8 °F

PROJECT SITE AREA

1 METER = +.5 °C / .9 °F

At one meter of sea level rise, about 25% of the Poblats Maritims district will be overrun by the Balearic Sea. At two meters of sea level rise, about 50% of the district will be gone, and at thirteen meters the entire Poblats Maritims

BALEARIC SEA

THE WHOLE OF VALENCIA

Here we see that global warming, if left unchecked, will have a negative impact on the Poblats Maritims district and Valencia as a whole. At one meter of sea level rise, about 25% of the Poblats Maritims district will be overrun by the Balearic Sea. At two meters of sea level rise, about 50% of the district will be gone, and at thirteen meters the entire Poblats Maritims district will be reclaimed by the sea. At sixty meters the entire city of Valencia would be overrun by the rising waters.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISING WATERS LEGEND POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT PROJECT SITE AREA

RISING WATERS 13 METERS = +6 °C / 10.8 °F 5 METERS = +2.5 °C / 4.5 °F 2 METERS = +1 °C / 1.8 °F 1 METER = +.5 °C / .9 °F

BALEARIC SEA

CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISING WATERS THE PROJECT SITE AND TOPOGRAPHY

In terms of global warming and rising waters in relation to our building site, even the slightest increase of .5 °C could cause the Balearic Sea to rise one meter and overrun almost fifty percent of the proposed site. At a 1 °C increase, the sea could rise two whole meters and swallow the site almost entirely. At one meter of sea level rise, about 25% of the Poblats Maritims district as a whole will be overrun by the Balearic Sea. At two meters of sea level rise, about 50% of the district will be gone, and at thirteen meters the entire Poblats Maritims district will be reclaimed by the sea. At sixty meters the entire city of Valencia would be overrun by the rising waters.

LEGEND

PROJECT SITE AREA

RISING WATERS 13 METERS = +6 °C / 10.8 °F

5 METERS = +2.5 °C / 4.5 °F 2 METERS = +1 °C / 1.8 °F 1 METER = +.5 °C / .9 °F

BALEARIC SEA

SITE LOCATION

Our site is located between the Balearic Sea and the historic city center of Valencia. To the east lies the Cabanyal Beach, a natural buffer to fluctuating sea levels and a popular destination for beach-goers. The northern half of the site ranges from 2-10 FT, while the bottom half rises up to 16 FT. Though there are mountain ranges surrounding the Poblats Maritims, our site location is relatively level.

| TRANSPORTATION LEGEND

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DATUM LEVEL BELOW SEA LEVEL SITE LOCATION

BALEARIC SEA

SITE TOPOGRAPHY

VALENCIA TOPOGRAPHY ALBUFERA NATURAL PARK

The park is home to the largest lake in Spain and one of the most important wetland areas in the Iberian Peninsula. It is a place of great ecological interest with rare species of wading birds and a rich variety of wildlife. Its waters have been traditionally worked by fishermen and rice growers, supplying ingredients and inspiration for many of the regions most succulent dishes.

LEGEND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DATUM LEVEL SEA LEVEL BELOW SEA LEVEL VALENCIA SITE LOCATION

ALBUFERA NATURAL PARK

| TRANSPORTATION

REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION

REGIONAL RAILWAY

The rail transportation of Spain operates according to type of rail. As of 2002, Spain had a total of 10,000 miles of rail line. The two primary railways are the main lines and the high speed lines. The first main line was built in 1848 between Barcelona and Mataro. By 1864 the rail reached France. The last steam engine was withdrawn in 1975 and in the year 1992 the first high speed line opened. This began the process of building a nationwide high-speed network allowing for more efficient traveling throughout the country.

current length of 2,000 miles, this is the longest high speed rail in Europe. This rail can cover the 240 mile distance between Valencia and Madrid in 1 hour and 40 minutes.

LEGEND MAIN TRAIN LINE HIGH SPEED TRAIN LINE

The new high speed rail is run via electrification. The Spanish government intends to link all provincial capitals with the high speed rail by the year 2020. There will be an estimated total length of approximately 6,000 miles of rail. This new rail is known as the AVE. This train has a top speed of 193 mph. With its

BARCELONA

MADRID

BALEARIC SEA

VALENCIA

TORREVIEJA

CARTAGENA

BALEARIC SEA

ROADWAYS

REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION

LEGEND

REGIONAL ROADWAY

MAJOR ROADWAY

The motor ways around Valencia are similar to the railway as they offer regional transportation in and out of the city. There are 3 primary directions that these highways head. One travels north along the coast extending a direct route all the way to Barcelona. Another follows the coast south traveling through the neighboring city of Alicante. And the third heads west, eventually making its way to Madrid. These motor ways condense down upon entering the city center.

AP-2 E-90

BARCELONA

E-5

E-90 A-6 A-23

E-15

MADRID E-90

BALEARIC SEA

E-901

E-5

E-903

VALENCIA E-903

E-15

E-903

E-5 A-30

E-15 E-5

TORREVIEJA

E-15

A-91 CARTAGENA

BALEARIC SEA

REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION SEA ROUTES

VALENCIA COMMERCIAL PORT

LEGEND INTERNATIONAL SEA ROUTE

Spain has several seaports located along the coast in most cities both large and small. Shown is the small port of Torrevieja, the medium ports of Cartagena, Alicante, and Valencia, and the Large port of Barcelona. Although its medium size, the port of Valencia is the 5th busiest in all of Europe. It has an annual traffic capacity of 57 million tons of cargo. This port employs 15,000 people that provide services to the ships. 70% of the ports traffic consist of iron and steel products.

REGIONAL SEA ROUTE SEA PORT

BARCELONA

MADRID

Port d’Alcúdia Palma VALENCIA Sant Antoni de Portmany Ibiza Es Pujols

TORREVIEJA

CARTAGENA

BALEARIC SEA

REGIONAL TRANSIT

REGIONAL RAIL

REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION

LEGEND MAIN TRAIN LINE

When compiled together Spain becomes a well connected country with many efficient means of transportation between both major and minor cities. Throughout the countries history the methods of traveling have evolved to allow convenient travel in ways unimaginable only a couple hundred of years before.

HIGH SPEED TRAIN LINE MAJOR ROADWAY INTERNATIONAL SEA ROUTE REGIONAL SEA ROUTE SEA PORT

BARCELONA

MADRID

Port d’Alcúdia Palma VALENCIA Sant Antoni de Portmany Ibiza Es Pujols

TORREVIEJA

CARTAGENA

BALEARIC SEA

VALENCIA TRANSPORTATION METRO LINES

The metro is a modern combination of suburban and regional railways. It crosses through the city of Valencia as well the distant suburbs. There are also destinations on the line that function as commuter trains. This system combines light railway, metro, and a tram line that operates to the north of the city center. The system has a total distance of 100 miles. There are 6 metro lines and 3 tram lines. These lines have a total of 137 stations, 102 surface, and 35 underground. The annual ridership is approximately 63 million. Valencia was the first city in Spain to use this modern mode of transportation. Many of these original lines reused the cities older railway. In 2003 line 5 was opened. A year later line 6 had began and later opened in 2007. In 2010, much of line 4 was replaced with underground lines and stations. In 2015 further modifications

were made to the lines and the overall metro map was redrawn. Several of the branches split increasing the total number of lines 9.

LEGEND ABOVE GROUND METRO 1 BELOW GROUND METRO ABOVE GROUND METRO 3&5 BELOW GROUND METRO ABOVE GROUND METRO 2&7 BELOW GROUND METRO METRO STOP TRANSIT TRANSFER

BALEARIC SEA

RAILWAY LINES

The railway of Valencia is predominately used as a regional transport to and from the city. In the earlier history of the city, the rail ran through many areas of the city but was later reestablished into the metro. The AVE which are high-speed trains traveling from Madrid and other long-distance locations, all connect at the North Station, which is the main railway station in Valencia. It is located in the city center. Here this station has connections with Metrovalencia lines 3 and 5 as well as the city bus network.

NORTH STATION

VALENCIA TRANSPORTATION

LEGEND BELOW GROUND TRAIN LINE TRAIN LINE TRAIN LINE STOP NORTH STATION TRANSIT TRANSFER

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VALENCIA TRANSPORTATION TRAM LINES

The Valencia tram is an overhead tram which is part of the metro system. The nearest stop in the city is at Pont de Fusta. This is opposite Torres de Serranos. The tram has been open since 1994 and has 10 miles of track. There are 33 stops in total. Line 6 and 8 of the tramway are currently underway to extending the tram route throughout the city center of Valencia.

VALENCIA TRAM

LEGEND TRAM LINE 4 & 6 FUTURE TRAM LINE BELOW GROUND FUTURE TRAM TRANSIT TRANSFER TRAM LINE STOP

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FERRY ROUTES

The Valencia ferry port is served with a number of ferry routes with crossings to Ibiza, Mostaganem, and Mohon. The sailing durations range from 3 hours to Ibiza and up to 15 hours on the Mostaganem service. There are a selection of up to 40 sailings per week. The sailing schedule is dependent on time of year.

VALENCIA FERRY PORT

VALENCIA TRANSPORTATION

LEGEND FERRY ROUTE FERRY PORT

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VALENCIA TRANSPORTATION REGIONAL VALENCIA

The composition of rail, metro, tram, and bus makes Valencia a well connected city allowing for a suburban network connecting all parts of the city in an efficient and effective way. The public transportation produces a sustainable and walkable city that improves the overall efficiency of the city as well adding to the success of the city planning as a whole.

LEGEND

ABOVE GROUND METRO 1

FUTURE TRAM LINE

BELOW GROUND METRO

BELOW GROUND FUTURE TRAM

ABOVE GROUND METRO 3&5

FERRY ROUTE

BELOW GROUND METRO

METRO STOP

ABOVE GROUND METRO 2&7

TRAIN LINE STOP

BELOW GROUND METRO

TRAM LINE STOP

TRAIN LINE

FERRY PORT

TRAM LINE

TRANSIT TRANSFER

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VALENBISI BIKES

Valencia has made an active effort to establish the city as a biking city. An extensive network of bike paths connects the majority of the city and allows for easy access from a variety of different regions of Valencia. A prominent feature of the bike path network is the Valenbisi program, which is a city-wide bike sharing program aimed at making moving through the city even easier. Valencia offers a total of 2,750 bicycles distributed at 275 stations throughout the city. Bike sharing stations are equipped with a terminal to log, select an available bicycle, and remove it from the stand. The stations are networked to allow the hiring of a bicycle in any station of the city and return it in another. The stations are located around 300 to 400 meters apart from one another with many placed next to public transport stops to allow for inter-modal use. Each station has between 15 and 30 parking

slots for bicycles. Use of the system is based on a yearly membership with users receiving a Valenbisi member card.

VALENCIA BIKE TRANSIT

LEGEND BIKE PATH BIKE SHARING POINT

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VALENCIA TRAVEL TIMES FROM ESTACIO DEL NORD

LEGEND

ESTACIO DEL NORD

Estacio Del Nord is the main railway station in Valencia which opened on March 21, 1852. It represents a major intersection point of the city’s primary public transit systems. The station is located at the city center and offers connections with lines 3 and 5 of Metrovalencia as well as connections to the EMT city bus network. There are ten different tracks within the station and it serves as a primary transfer point for regional trains. Due to its incredibly high volume of passengers and its central location, Estacio Del Nord serves as the starting point for many visitor’s journey through the city. Because of the easy walkability of the city, much of the city centre can be reached within a thirty minute walk of the train station. The Central Market of Valencia at the heart of the city is only a 10 minute walk while the lorres de Serranos north of the city center is 20 minutes from Estacio Del Nord.

10 MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE 20 MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE 30 MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE

ESTACIO DEL NORD

10 MIN.

20 MIN.

30 MIN.

VALENCIA TRAVEL TIMES FROM EACH METRO STOP

While the majority of the city centre is easily walkable within a half hour distance from Estacio Del Nord, Metrovalencia extends far beyond the city centre of Valencia into the suburbs that surround the city. Metro stops are densely packed within the city centre of Valencia and provide quick access to the majority of central Valencia. Beyond the extents of the thirty minute walking radius of the Estacio Del Nord, the metro system continues to serve the broader city with two lines extending north, one to the west, one to the east towards the Poblats Maritims and one to the south. The southeast corner of Valencia is the only region of the city under served by the metro system. While the extensive EMT bus network does provide access to this region, it is not as connected as the remainder of the city. Much of Valencia falls within the 10 minute walking radius of a metro stop and

LEGEND

the area to the north of the city centre is also served by the tram to further connect the city and supplement the shortage of metro stops.

ABOVE GROUND METRO BELOW GROUND METRO LINE METRO STOP 10 MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE

10 MIN.

20 MIN.

30 MIN.

POBLATS MARITIMS TRANSPORTATION PUBLIC TRANSIT

LEGEND

There is an extensive network of public transit within the Poblats Maritims district and it is heavily trafficked by people making their way to the large public beach, Playa Del Cabanyal. Most prominently, the 5 and 7 metro terminate here at the Maritim - Serreria stop. The stop also then connects to the 6 and 8 trams which run throughout the district and provide some of the most extensive transit network connections within the district. Along with metro and tram, the ETM bus system has a very strong presence in the region, which includes four extra bus routes during the summer to accomodate the influx of passengers making trips to the beach. The Valencia Cabanyal train station is also located within the district and serves as a major stop on some of the regional trains with passengers riding in from outside of the city to be in close proximity to the beach.

FERRY ROUTE

MARITIM SERRERIA METRO

WALKING RADIUS

TRAM STOP

TRAM LINE

BUS STOP

BUS LINE

CABANYAL TRAIN STATION

TRAIN LINE METRO LINE

CARRER DE

L MEDITERR

AV. DE

RTO

ANI

CARRER DE PAVIA

L DR. LLUC

IXO

UIS PE

CARRER DE

R DE L

CARRE

10 MIN.

20 MIN.

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PRIVATE TRANSIT

POBLATS MARITIMS TRANSPORTATION LEGEND

The Poblats Maritims is not only extremely well connected to the whole of Valencia through its public transit, it also contains many major private transit connections. The bicycle network of Valencia is very extensive and it has a large presence in Poblats Maritims as well with numerous bike sharing stations and bike paths connecting back to the city centre as well as other areas of the city. Because there is such a large influx of people travelling to the beach, the roadway connections of the Poblats Maritims also play a vital role in the infrastructure of the city, as does the public parking available to handle the increased traffic. One potential change to the area is the proposed expansion of the Blasco Ibanez Avenue to fulfill its original intent to create a boulevard all the way to the sea. This could potentially have a major impact on the infrastructure of the region.

PUBLIC PARKING

UNDERGROUND PARKING

FERRY ROUTE WALKING RADIUS BIKE PATH

MAJOR ROADWAY BLASCO IBANEZ EXPANSION

BIKE SHARING POINT FERRY/CRUISE TERMINAL

CARRER DE

L MEDITERR

AV. DE

RTO

ANI

CARRER DE PAVIA

L DR. LLUC

IXO

UIS PE

CARRER DE

R DE L

CARRE

10 MIN.

20 MIN.

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| NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER

NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - POBLATS MARITIMS 1 AMERICA CUP BUILDING Locally known as “Veles e Vents” named after a poem by Ausias March in the 15th century, regarding the strength of the winds. 2 MARINA REAL JUAN CARLOS Part of the Port of Valencia, this northern marina is ideal for boats and mega yachts. Proximity to activities and world wide competitions make this marina area very popular. 3 HOTEL BALNEARIO LAS ARENAS A luxury beach front hotel with classical columns has a lobby bar, a refined brewery, two outdoor pools, a fitness room and a spa.

AMERICA’S CUP BUILDING

4 PLAYA DEL CABANYAL The beach attracts a large number of people both in the summer and during the rest of the year. 5 BEACH PROMENADE A leisure walkway along Playa del Cabanyal towards the north it becomes more of the beach itself into Playa del Malvarossa.

BOAT FOUNTAIN

MARINA REAL JUAN CARLOS

6 BOAT FOUNTAIN Located near Playa del Malvarossa, this sculpture uses water to mimic the form of a traditional sailboat. 7 HISTORIC HOUSING A protected historical residential community, that previously was made as a fisherman’s village, now supports many families that identify as Gypsies.

HOTEL BALNEARIO LAS ARENAS

HISTORIC HOUSING

PLAYA DEL CABANYAL

EL CLOT “THE HOLE”

BEACH PROMENADE

PANORAMA RESTAURANTE

8 EL CLOT “THE HOLE” The extension of Ave. de Blasco Ibanez would destroy nearly 500 homes. An important building to recognize in this condition is El Clot (the hole). 9 PANORAMA RESTAURANT Located on the north breakwater of Juan Carlos this restaurant has panoramic views of Playa del Cabanyal.

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ALGIROS

EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA 6 7

8 5

Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE

3 CAMINS AL GRAU 9 1

QUATRE CARRERES

NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - QUATRE CARRERES 1 OCEANOGRAFIC Largest aquarium in Europe and represents the world’s marine ecosystem. 2 SANTIAGO CALTRAVA Santiago Calatrava is a Spanish Architect, Structural Engineer, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges. 3 THE CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Designed as an entertainment and cultural based architectural complex for all to enjoy.

OCEANOGRAFIC

HEMISFERIC IMAX

PALAU DE LES ARTS REINA SOFIA

4 UMBRACLE L’Umbracle is a sculpture garden and landscaped walk with plant species indigenous to Valencia. 5 HEMISFERIC IMAX One of the largest halls in Spain with special IMAX screenings of nature. 6 PALAU DE LES ARTS REINA SOFIA An opera house and cultural center designed with dual intention, a multi-hall auditorium and an urban landmark. 7 MUSEU DE LAS CIENCIES PRINCIPE FELIPE 8 A 21st century science museum with interactive exhibits and an entertaining form. The main objective was to stimulate curiosity and encourage critical thinking.

THE CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

MUSEU DE LAS CIENCIES

9 PARROQUIA DE LA PURISMA CONCEPCION The juxtaposition of Calatrava’s Agora and Assut de l Or Bridge in the background while a historic church is in the foreground.

THE CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

UBRACLE

PARROQUIA DE LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION

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ALGIROS

EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA

POBLATS MARITIMS Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE

CAMINS AL GRAU

8 5

7 4

2 1

NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - L’EIXAMPLE 1 PLAZA DE TOROS DE VALENCIA Corrida, “bull fighting” is a deeply traditional event often linked to religious dates and festivals. 2 RUZAFA Ruzafa is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of L’Eixample. The district has been undergoing large scale gentrification, improvements of sidewalks, and support for small businesses all support the increase of rent, developing the a different social fabric than what was there previously.

PLAZA DE TOROS DE VALENCIA

3 FAMOUS TAPAS STREETS Carrer del Literat Azorin and Carrer de Sueca have many options for fabulous tapas.

BUILDING GRID

4 MERCAT DE RUZAFA A multicolored retro-chic building and a great example of Mediterranean Brutalism dating back to 1957. 5 BUILDING GRID Unique elements that distinguish L’Eixample from Valencia’s other districts is the strict building grid that is followed throughout most of the district.

RUZAFA

6 MERCADO DE COLON EXTERIOR 7 An iconic building from 1916. Formaly a market, now a hub for exquisite dining and shopping.

FAMOUS TAPAS STREETS

MERCAT DE RUZAFA

MERCADO DE COLON

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ALGIROS

EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA

7 POBLATS MARITIMS

1 5

CAMINS AL GRAU

4 3

QUATRE CARRERES

NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - CIUTAT VELLA 1 MERCADO CENTRAL Designed in 1914. 2 More than 1,000 selling posts: fresh fish, vegetables, meats, fruits, etc. 3 PLAZA REDONDA Constructed in 1840, restored in 2012, interior is surrounded by traditional craft shops and tapas bars. 4 PLAZA DEL AYUNTAMIENTO “Town Hall Square” This grandiose plaza makes a good starting point from which to visit the city. 5 LAS FALLAS (March 15th - 19th) A fiesta honoring San Jose, the patron saint of carpenters. Large satirical wooden frame are constructed and then burned during the festivities of “la cremà.”

1 2

MERCADO CENTRAL

6 CATEDRAL DE VALENCIA Some traditions and documents support the theory that the Holy Chalice on display is in fact the “Holy Grail.” 7 PLAZA DE LA VIRGEN Bounded by 3 of Valencia’s most emblematic buildings, Cathedral of Santa Maria, the Basilica de la Virgen de los Desamparados, and the Palace of the Generalitat.

PLAZA REDONDA

8 TORRES DE QUART A part of the old Christian city wall from 15th century and some bombardments from France’s siege of the city in 1808 can still be seen.

CATEDRAL DE VALENCIA

PLAZA DE LA VIRGEN

9 EL CARMEN STREET ART Provides a vibrant mix of color to the old town flare.

PLAZA DEL AYUNTAMIENTO

LAS FALLAS

TORRES DE QUART

EL CARMEN STREET ART

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ALGIROS 9 7

6 1

EL PLA DEL REAL

3 4 5

Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE

POBLATS MARITIMS CAMINS AL GRAU

QUATRE CARRERES

NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - EL PLA DEL REAL 1 ESTADIO DE MESTALLA VALENCIA CF Home ground of Valencia Clud de Futbol with a capacity of 49,500 seats. 2 JARDINES DE MONFORTE A lesser known compact city garden 3 with various plant lifes, abundant marble statues, ponds, and fountains. Recognized as a Neoclassical style garden with a small palace. 4 AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ The proximity to the city centre and with Aragon Avenue and Blasco Ibanez being important arterial roads, help el Pla del Real become a hotspot of entertainment and activity.

ESTADIO DE MESTALLA VALENCIA CF

5 UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA A good neighborhood for students, close to University of Valencia, a variety of housing, both aged and new construction. 6 PALAU DE LA MUSICA Located in the old riverbed of Turia. Constructed in 1987 and has become one of the examples of the modern architecture movement in Valencia.

JARDINES DE MONFORTE

AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ

UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA

PALAU DE LA MUSICA

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4 2

ALGIROS

3 1

CIUTAT VELLA

6 Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE

POBLATS MARITIMS CAMINS AL GRAU

QUATRE CARRERES

100

NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - CAMINS AL GRAU 1 PARQUE GULLIVER In Gulliver’s Travels, Gulliver is a giant 2 that is tied down by fearful Lilliputians who then proceed to climb all over him in an attempt to subdue the giant. Gulliver’s body morphs into slides, ramps, stairs, and caves. 4 CARRER DEL DR MANUEL CANDELA Similar to Av. de Blasco Ibanez, this road has been also developed, on a smaller scale, as a green pedestrian friendly arterial road.

PARQUE GULLIVER

APARTMENT BUILDINGS

JARDIN DE AYORA

MARITIM - SERRERIA (METRO STOP)

3 APARTMENT BUILDINGS Camins al Grau seems to be a congregation of newly developed, primarily residential buildings. 5 JARDIN DE AYORA A residential and quiet area, quite close to the university. Serves as a meeting point for residents in the area, especially for families with children who like to go play. During the weekends, squares and streets become crowded with students enjoying the local nightlife. 6 MARITIM - SERRERIA (METRO STOP) If traveling from Valencia to the beach this is the last metro stop before needing to transfer to a light rail, bus, or walk the rest of the way.

CARRER DEL DR MANUEL CANDELA

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ALGIROS

EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA

4 3

Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE

QUATRE CARRERES

5 6

POBLATS MARITIMS

102

NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - ALGIROS 1 PLAZA XUQUER Located near the universities, this plaza becomes vibrant with student activity during both days and nights. 2 BELLAS ARTES POLITECNICA On the UPV campus this curved building creates a courtyard and houses the degree of fine arts. 3 UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA Areas surrounding university campuses 4 often develop a character of young and innovative buildings, shops, and squares. New developments use squares, plazas, and gardens in a similar way of the more historical areas of Valencia.

PLAZA XUQUER

UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA

BELLAS ARTES POLITECNICO

UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA

AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ

5 AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ An urban plan has been developed that identifies Blasco Ibanez as a major corridor from the city centre to the coast. This development had surely created an impact on this area. 6 IBMCP RESEARCH INSTITUTE The Institute for Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology mainly focuses on scientific research on plant development as well as offers educational training.

IBMCP RESEARCH INSTITUTE

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EL PLA DEL REAL

CIUTAT VELLA 1

Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE

POBLATS MARITIMS CAMINS AL GRAU

QUATRE CARRERES

104

VALENCIA GREEN SPACE MOVING THE TURIA

After the Great Flood of Valencia in 1957, the city set out to split the Turia river that cuts through the heart of the city to prevent future flooding. To do this, a canal was dug to the south of the city to take the bulk of floodwaters to the Balearic Sea. Since the canals construction, the city has adverted many potentially disastrous floods. A SPACE FOR THE CITY Once the Turia was diverted the city was left with a long band of empty space within the city. Rather than selling the land to developers, Valencia chose to utilize the riverbed as a public space. Today the Parc de Cabecera hosts a variety activities including baseball, soccer, and cycling races.

LEGEND PARC DE CABECERA SECONDARY GREEN SPACE RIO GUADALAVIAR PUBLIC BEACHES POBLATS MARITIMS

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PLAYA DEL CABANYAL

The beaches to the north of Valencia’s harbor are one of the last surviving public beaches of the city. As the harbor has expanded, much of the original coastline has disappeared. This gives our site in Poblats Maritims a great deal of social value as it’s the established place to interact with the water. A GREEN BUFFER Between the recreational marina and the industrial harbor, the city of Valencia has built a buffer of green spaces that help to soften the interaction between the two. This strategy allows for visitors of Poblats Maritims to see the industrial area without feeling as if they are occupying them.

105

POBLATS MARITIMS GREEN SPACE

LEGEND GREEN SPACE SECONDARY GREEN SPACE BUILDING MASSES POBLATS MARITIMS

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106

POBLATS MARITIMS BUILDING HEIGHTS HISTORICAL OUTLIERS

When comparing building heights within the area surrounding Poblats Maritims, one will find a lot of variation block to block. However, there are a few patterns that stick out. The buildings near the historical center of the Cabanyal are much lower than the majority of surrounding buildings, and coincidentally the area under threat of destruction from the city. In an effort to protect the area, residents and advocates have enlisted the help of the World Monuments Fund who recognized the area as historically significant.

LEGEND

9 FLOORS

1 FLOOR POBLATS MARITIMS

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NAUTICAL TRAFFIC OF THE BALEARIC SEA LEISURE PATTERNS

The harbors of Valencia are a vital resource for the Balearic Sea as well the islands of Ibiza, Mallorca, and Menorca. These islands host over 12 million visitors each year; many of whom depart from the mainland of Spain from Valencia. This relationship between the city and the Balearic Islands makes leisure oriented docks and sailing clubs very important. The Poblats Maritims is well positioned to fulfill this role. SHIPPING PATTERNS Valencia is home to the 5th most active industrial port in Europe, and processes over 4.4 million containers of goods each year. Ships from as far as Italy, Turkey, and Russia find the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s port to be their final stop as it is the westernmost point in the Mediterranean Sea.

BARCELONA BALEARIC SEA TARRAGONA

MALLORCA

MENORCA

IBIZA

VALENCIA

108

POPULATION DENSITY 790,201 (2016)

In 2014, Valencia’s population was approximately 786,400, which is 1.7% of Spain’s total population. Between 2011-2014 there was a decrease in population of -.24% per year. If this trend continues by 2017, Valencia’s population will be closer to 780,834.

PEOPLE PER SQUARE KILOMETER 0 - 500 500 - 2,000 2,000 - 10,000 10,000 - 30,000 30,000 - 330,500

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COST OF LIVING

109

AVERAGE INCOME

HOUSEHOLD INCOME PER YEAR (€)

To live in Valencia, a four-person family per month costs: 1,938.81 €, not including rent.

MAXIMUM PER MONTH: 12,000 €

0 - 6,900

For a single person, monthly costs: 546.64 €, not including rent.

AVERAGE PER MONTH: 2,990 €

6,900 - 11,400

MEDIAN PER MONTH: 2,330 €

11,400 - 20,500

MINIMUM PER MONTH: 810 €

20,500 - 29,500 29,500 - 57,000

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110

EXPAT POPULATION

16.3% OF THE CITYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S POPULATION IS FOREIGN The three most represented European nationalities are Romanians (12,500), Italians (6,000), and Bulgarians (3,500).

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL POPULATION 0 - 6.21% 6.21% - 9.38% 9.38% - 11.04% 12.45% - 13.33% 13.33% - 15.11%

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| ZONING

112

ZONING

POBLATS MARITIMS (2015) Our site in the Poblats Maritims district has a wide variety of zoning. Much of the site falls under a general “tertiary” zoning category as this area is continually growing and expanding, but in-land we see that there is a vast amount of parks, green space, and open lots. There is a large amount of housing on the east under a protected historic zone. This area labelled “CHP - Zone 2” is more commonly known as the historic Barrio de El Cabanyal or “fisherman’s quarter,” a historic center to the Poblats Maritims.

LEGEND CHP - ZONE 2// HISTORIC PROTECTION ZONE GRAO - CABANAYAL ENS// ENSANCHE (EXPANSION) EDA// EDIFICACION ABIERTA (OPEN BUILDING) POB// POBLATS - RESIDENTIAL UNITARIO (POBLATS - RESIDENTIAL UNITS) EDA - TER// EDIFICACION ABIERTA USO MIXTO (MIXED USE - OPEN BUILDING) TER// TER TERCIARIO** (TERTIARY - THIRD)** ITR// INFRASTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTE (TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE) PRD - PAT - PAD// DOTACIONES PUBLICAS (PUBLIC FACILITIES) PNL - PQL - PJL// PARQUES (PARKS) PID// INFRASTRUCTURAS (INFRASTRUCTURE)

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113

ZONING DOMINANT USE

Also included in our research was the identification of dominant use within the Poblats Maritims district. Not to be confused with district zoning, the predominant use helped us identify the uses on each plot. An expansive portion of the area studied is allocated for the port authority of Valencia and the transport that happens here. Another crucial portion of the area studied is the Historic Barrio de El Cabanyal. The area has been listed by the World Monuments Fund in the “2012 World Heritage List in Danger“ as “in danger of extinction.” Rapid progress and development threatened the existence of the historic district until recently. New initiatives are being put in place to promote reconstruction and stainability within El Cabanyal and Poblats Maritims.

LEGEND INFRASTRUCTURE/ SERVICE FACILITIES PRIVATE GREEN LOT

PUBLIC GREEN LOT INSTITUTIONAL

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL PORT TRANSPORT

PORT STRUCTURES/ PORT COMMERCIAL

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ZONING GLOSSARY CHP (Protected Historic Set of the Cabnayal Expansion)

EDA (Edificaion Abierta - Open Building)

EDA/ TER (Edificaion Abierta Uso Mixto - Open, Mixed Use Building)

The Protected Historical Set Zone consists of the set of areas expressly graphed with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification. It covers those areas that have served as a source for the formation of urban centers (Ciutat Vella, Poblats Marítims, ...) I.e.: CHP-1: Ciutat Vella CHP-2: Grao-Cabanyal CHP-3:Poblats and Pobles del Nord, the South and the West - Dominant use of the CHP zone is multi-family residential. - The minimum area of building plots shall be 60 square meters. - Front building height is to be no more than 16 meters in height.

The Open Building Zone is constituted by the set of areas expressly graphed with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification. The global or dominant use of this area is the Multi-Family Residential. This Zone prohibits Tco. 2 and 3, Camps (Tho.2), Recreational facilities for more than 1500 people (Tre.4)**, Industrial and Warehouses (Ind. 2 and 3, and Alm. 2 and 3), Appropriations, and Car Parks.

The Tertiary Zone (Ter. 4) is constituted by the set of areas expressly written with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification, and, if applicable, in Plan C. The global or dominant use of this area is Tertiary.

- The minimum plot area will be 200 M2. However, those parcels on which exempt (generally built) blocks are written in the Plan C with surface less than 200 square meters will be considered buildable. - Each and every one of its fronts shall be at least 10 meters high. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 5.30m + 4m(Np) (Np limited to 2 floors) - Coefficient of Occupancy: 30% of plot size ** Variances between Tertiary Uses. Reference pages 114-120 of the Normas Urbanisticas for more information on different Tertiary zones.

ENS (Ensanche - Expansion)

TER (Terciario - Tertiary)

SETBACKS

The Area of Ensanche is constituted by the set of areas expressly graphed with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification. The global or dominant use of this Zone is Multi-Family Residential. This zone prohibits Tco.2, Ind. 2 and 3, Alm. 1, 2 and 3, Appropriations, and Car Parks.

The Tertiary Zone is constituted by the set of areas expressly written with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification, and, if applicable, in Plan C. The dominant use of this area is Tertiary.

In land use, a setback is the distance which a building or other structure is set back from a street or road, a river or other stream, a shore or flood plain, or any other place which is deemed to need protection.

- The minimum area of building plot will be 100 square meters. - The shape of the plot shall be such that an 8 x 10 rectangle meters whose smaller side coincides with the outer alignment, and its lateral borders do not form an angle of less than 80 sexagesimal degrees with the outer alignment. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 4.8m + 2.9m(Np) ** If building between two protected buildings, maximum heights is defined by the lower of the two buildings.

- The minimum plot area will be 200 M2. However, those parcels on which exempt (generally built) blocks are written in the Plan C with surface less than 200 square meters will be considered buildable. - Each and every one of its fronts shall be at least 10 meters high. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 5.30m + 4m(Np) - Coefficient of Occupancy: 50% of plot size ** Variances between Tertiary Uses. Reference pages 114-120 of the Normas Urbanisticas for more information on different Tertiary zones.

BUILDING HEIGHTS Building height is defined by the cornice of the structure when applicable or in the instance there is not a cornice, the eave of the roof is the maximum height. Maximum height can be calculated with this formula: Hc = “X”-meters + “X”meters(Np) Hc = Cornice Height Np = Number of Floors

115 PRD/ PAT/ PAD (Privado Dotaciones - Private Endowments)

PNL/ PQL (Parques/ Jardines Urbanos - Parks/ Urban Gardens)

PID (Infrastructuras - Infrastructure)

Sports Facilities(Dep), Care Facilities (Dsa), and Administrative Institutions (Dad) are classified under Title Seven, Chapter One, Article 7.8 - Supplementary Use (D).

Preservation: Article 3.81. - Catalog of Gardens and Trees. The General Plan contains a Catalog of Protection of Gardens and Trees, whose purpose is to preserve the historical heritage of the city and the aesthetic values of the present design in certain landscaped areas. Article 3.82 -

Establishes the indicative layout of the network of sanitation infrastructures and supplies.

Use of Community Equipment : - Sport Use (Dep) : includes activities intended for the practice,teaching or sport exhibition. - Sanitary Use (Dsa) : includes activities aimed at providing assistance and provision of medical or surgical services, other than those provided in offices. - Administrative Use (Dad) : includes the activities of the service officials of the public administrations, as well as those of their organizations. The activities carried out are excluded, in the municipality buildings. ** The institutions provided in this section are noted as private facilities which may classify under their own rules.

1. - A list of protected treeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s can be found on page 44 of the Normas Urbanisticas. 3. - Gardens who express special artistic value with vegetation and architectural elements must maintain their typological or environmental conditions. Special Conditions: Chapter 11, Article 6.76 - In free spaces of more than 1,000 M2 the installation of service spaces, with a maximum constructed service lot of 20 M2 per unit, will be permitted. In addition, Open air sports facilities will be allowed up to 70% of a lot of 10,000 M2 or greater. 200 M2 will be permitted for enclosed service space.

The Plan or Special Plans formulated for these areas may, in addition to cover the stated purposes, qualify soil for public uses, regulate and, where appropriate, protect agricultural land use and provide for infrastructure and services necessary for the population. Infrastructure protection zone is divided into: - PI-1 Protection and reservation of the road network. - PI-2 Protection and reservation of the railway network. - PI-3 Protection of livestock roads. - PI-4 Protection of the water supply network. - PI-5 Protection of processing centers and power lines. - PI-6 Protection of pipelines and pipelines. - PI-7 Protection of the constituent areas of the hydraulic public domain. - PI-8 Protection of the coastal area.

PART II |

| PHOTO JOURNAL

118

PHOTO JOURNAL + SITE VERIFICATION

Site documentation is a key process in the development of a meaningful work of architecture. Site research supports and inspires the creative process, and works as evidence towards an intellectual proposal. The goal is to document the chosen site and the city, and its general urban condition during the week-long trip to Spain. The ending goal is to create a kind of taxonomy of the selected site and the surrounding neighborhood.

119

PHOTO JOURNAL PROMPT

120

PHOTO JOURNAL SITE

The appears to have once housed several residential structures, the remaining ones being located along Carrer del Mediterrani. Behind the crumbling facades of the Carrer del Mediterrani, what once was an entire block of buildings has been torn down and left as an expanse of rocky and uneven ground. MIDDLE: A west-looking panoramic view of the site. A complex of tennis courts is seen to the west. BOTTOM: An eastern-looking view taken from the center of site one. Rubble dots the landscape.

HISTORIC FACADES ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE SITE

121 WELL-KEPT MAJOR STREETS ON EAST SIDE OF SITE

CORNER ALLEY LOOKING TO SITE

122

PHOTO JOURNAL SITE

BOTTOM LEFT: Behind the historic facades, residents use landscaping to shield their views of the empty area. BOTTOM RIGHT: A northern view looking towards ‘El Clot”.

BEHIND THE HISTORIC FACADES

123 THE CABENYAL HORTA PUBLIC GARDEN ON THE SITE

SITE CONDITIONS

124

PHOTO JOURNAL SITE

BOTTOM LEFT: Empty space between the futbol fields and tennis courts that form the Dr. Lluch sports complexes. BOTTOM RIGHT: A view of “El Clot” looking east.

CONTRAST OF WEALTH AND POVERTY ON THE EDGES OF THE SITE

125 TENNIS COURTS TO THE WEST OF THE SITE

AN ‘EL CLOT’ CHILD PLAYS WITH TRASH

126

PHOTO JOURNAL POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT

BOTTOM LEFT: Views of the port from David Chipperfield’s America’s Cup Building ‘Veles e Vents’. BOTTOM RIGHT: David Chipperfield’s America’s Cup Building in Valencia, Spain.

MOSAIC ON A BUILDING FACADE

127 BEACH VIEWS NEAR THE RESTAURANTE PANORAMA

SAILING VESSELS BY THE DISTRICT

128

PHOTO JOURNAL POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT

BOTTOM LEFT: The boardwalk along the beach on Carrer d’otumba BOTTOM RIGHT: Palm trees and flowers in Parque Doctor Lluch.

STONE PAVING ON CARRER D’OTUMBA

129 SALMON AL ACEITE DE VAINILLA AT PANORAMA

DINNER AT LOTELITO

PART III |

| MASTERPLAN

132

SITE RULES + ZONING + PROGRAM POTENTIALS

The purpose of this studio is to study the potential beyond current zoning measures presented for the Poblats Maritims and to consider its future considering current city plans and climate change. City zoning measures are not necessarily visionary and often static in thought, especially in unique urban conditions such as the Poblats Maritims. The question is - can the current zoning work, or is it necessary to propose the next generation of new zoning that will shift Poblats Maritims towards a different future? In the book Grand Urban Rules we witness the creation and organization of a rule based system that defines parameters for the formation of a new city. These rules do not necessarily define limitations, but can also be read to define opportunities. A collection of rules to is to be created to lay the groundwork for the Synergy Plaza project to exist within the Poblats Maritims, and to create guidelines (and opportunity) for the future growth of the neighborhood. These rules are to work at different scales, opening possibilities for program concept goals, while establishing a framework for a new Poblats Maritims masterplan.

133

MASTERPLAN PROMPT

134

MASTERPLAN ZONING RULES ZONING RULES

ENCOURAGE WALKABILITY The current grid system that exists shall be kept in place as itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s scale and current walkability is desirable. New construction blocks are to be short and keep 90 degree edges when possible. The rule is in place to encourage walkability within the district.

INCREMENTAL HEIGHT RESTRICTIONS No building is to be taller than five stories so as to not overpower neighboring structures or the historic integrity of the district. Land will be zoned in such a way so that buildings will incrementally decrease in height the closer they are to the water line.

DIVERSE USAGE Shopping streets/districts shall carry an array of diverse retail spaces, restaurants, and shops that will attract visitors to the area.

MINI DISTRICTS Divide Poblats Maritims district into quadrants/ economic districts as a form of zoning. The PM district shall encompass a shopping quadrant, a restaurant and mixed-use quadrant, a public park system, etc. As a result, this rule shall naturally create a scenic drive loop around the district with green space and open views bordering the loop.

135 HEIGHT DIVERSITY Height differences between neighboring buildings are not to differ in height by more than 50% of their total heights.

BUILDINGS PROPORTIONAL TO STREETS Larger buildings are preferred on major roadways and smaller buildings on smaller roads. When a grey situation occurs, small historic buildings are more important and shall take precedence. This is to encourage good aesthetics within the district.

SHOP FRONT DIVERSITY A street with retail businesses shall not have a larger shop whose frontage is longer than 1 Â˝ times the average length of neighboring shops.

HISTORIC INTEGRITY Respect the historic integrity of the district and encourage heritage growth. When rebuilding a historic building, the craftsmanship and materials are to be of the same caliber as to what they would have been at the original construction/time era of the building.

136

MASTERPLAN ZONING RULES ZONING RULES

QUALITY VIEWS All blocks shall have street wall continuity, meaning all building facades are to line up to the very front of their building plots. A continuous line of trees and benches will also add to this rule by serving as a buffer to the street as well as enhancing the street views and green space within the district.

FACADE TRANSPARENCY At least 60% of ground level facades are to be transparent – unless if the building style follows the historically accurate architecture style. This applies to retail and shops, not residential buildings.

ANCIENT LIGHTS Homeowners who have had access to a window that has had unimpeded light for the last 20 years shall assume that the light will continue to be unimpeded. This means that no new construction shall block ‘ancient lights’.

PRESERVE AND BEAUTIFY PARKS People will be more inclined take care of places that are already well-kept.

137 RIGHTS TO BEAUTY The city has the power to accept or reject a new project based on the grounds of aesthetics/beauty.

DIVERSE STREET TRANSPORTATION Pedestrian, motor cars, and bicycles shall all have their designated lanes in new construction streets. The implementation and expansion of bike lanes as buffers between streets and sidewalks will protect cyclists and pedestrians alike.

FULL-TIME RESIDENTS ONLY Part-time housing (other than hotels) is forbidden, this includes Airbnb. Only full-time residents are to own/rent in the district. The city has the authority to employ countermeasures to keep rents low.

138

POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT

The current zoning of the Poblats Maritims District offers some very successful businesses located directly next to the always popular beach. Elsewhere in the district, residential and smaller businesses are scattered throughout the area and experience less success than their counterparts. The southern-most portion of the district is ripe with green spaces and restaurants, while directly north, a large parking lot and several residential buildings become more scattered and dilapidated. This trend continues as one ventures more north in the district. Around the chosen site, a successful community sports complex stands, as well as a block of historical houses and a failed apartment complex.

LEGEND RESIDENTIAL AND MIXED-USE PARKING BUSINESS PUBLIC SERVICES - POLICE, HOSPITAL, AND TRANSPORT SITE GREEN SPACE COMMUNITY SPORTS COMPLEX

139

CURRENT ZONING

140

POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT

In a re-envisioned version of the Poblats Maritims district, much new green space has been added along the southern portion of the area as well as along the northwestern edge and through the district center. In place of the expansive and rarely used parking lot, a new area of residential buildings has been added. To the south and west of this, the existing tram line has been redesigned to be straighter. As a result, nearby blocks and neighborhoods become easier to navigate. The main north-south street running through the district has been straightened out to provide a more cohesive design as well as new parking. Running next to the selected site, a new green park runs from the west to the east towards the waterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edge. Directly east of the site, a new metro station is included. To the north of this, a new district of businesses appears along with new housing.

LEGEND RESIDENTIAL AND MIXED-USE PARKING BUSINESS PUBLIC SERVICES - POLICE, HOSPITAL, AND TRANSPORT SITE GREEN SPACE COMMUNITY SPORTS COMPLEX

141

PROPOSED ZONING

142

MASTERPLAN

With the proposed zoning, the Poblats Maritims district and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s layout would be considerably enhanced. New housing and commercial blocks would be added and existing green spaces would be strengthened and expanded. At the same time, major roadways would be straightened and de-cluttered. With these changes, the Poblats Maritims district will be more easily navigable and attractive.

143

DISTRICT MASTERPLAN

144

PHASE ONE

In phase one of the master plan, select roads will be straightened and made more easily navigable. Carrer d’Eugénia Viñes, Carrer de les Drassanes, Carrer del Dr. Marcos Sopena, and Carrer de la Font Podrida are the selected major roadways to be enhanced. In the special case of Carrer del Dr. Marcos Sopena and Carrer de la Font Podrida, the existing tram system is to be updated and straightened along with the roadways.

LEGEND STRAIGHTENED ROADWAYS

145

DISTRICT MASTERPLAN

146

PHASE TWO

In phase two, the large and rarely used parking lots are to be replaced with new residential blocks and ample on-street parking. To the north of the district, existing blocks shall be straightened and zoned into residential and commercial buildings. On the southern end, new commercial spaces will also be constructed.

LEGEND STRAIGHTENED ROADWAYS BUSINESS RESIDENTIAL AND MIXED-USE

147

DISTRICT MASTERPLAN

148

PHASE THREE

In the third phase of the district masterplan, new and existing green space is to be added. Major areas to be renovated and added to include the Parque Doctor Lluch on the northwestern edge, the boardwalks, and a new green belt that is intended to tie into the PEPRI plan and runs past the intended site.

LEGEND STRAIGHTENED ROADWAYS BUSINESS RESIDENTIAL AND MIXED-USE GREEN SPACE

149

DISTRICT MASTERPLAN

PART IV |

| SYNERGY PLAZA

152

BACKGROUND

The Poblats Maritims district is a historic seaside area of Valencia which currently functions as a transitional buffer between the beachfront areas on the eastern side of the site, and dense urban neighborhoods to the west of the site. In the larger scope of the district, the area is home to a bustling maritime port as well as a deeply ingrained tradition of fishing. Fishing is so ingrained in the Poblats Maritims because entire communities sprung up around the livelihood of fishing in the nearby waters when the area was first established. In addition, the district features a marina which has hosted two America’s Cups, and functions as a sport and leisure attraction. Near the marina, the residual Valencia street circuit cuts through the Poblats Maritims district and once functioned as the circuit for the Formula One European Gran Prix for the years of 2008 to 2012.

CHALLENGES

The Poblats Maritims is a district facing many challenges. Few people live in the area and those who do only do so because they have little choice in the matter. Many of these residents are squatters who have taken up residence in ‘El Clot” (translated as ‘The Hole’). It appears that the city has tried to remove these kinds of residents by crushing down abandoned buildings, but this has only left empty and rubble-filled expanses of land that continue to be underutilized. It could be argued that the cause of the low density and low-income levels of the area are a result of the district’s poor connections to the city via infrastructure. The closest metro line stops outside the Poblats Maritims district entirely, leaving residents dependent on buses and trams for longer distance transportation. If a new metro line were to be introduced, this would solidify the connection between the Poblats Maritims and the city center and hopefully facilitate more residents and businesses to locate to the Poblats Maritims district.

SITE

The chosen site for this project is located on the corner of Carrer del Mediterrani and Carrer d’Eugenia Vines. It is one of the most downtrodden sites in the Poblats Maritims, appearing to have once been a block of buildings that have since been torn down. El Clot stands in the center of the expansive site, surrounded by a field of residual rubble, litter and a very small garden. Surrounding the site is a complex of community futbol fields and tennis courts on the north and west sides of the site, as well as a row of historic abandoned residential houses to the south side of the site. The sports complex and the historic residential buildings are to be kept as an effort to preserve the community and heritage sites which are already successful and/or will be successful with the implementation of this new construction project. If we want to evolve the neighborhood of Poblats Maritims, we must find a way to increase it’s population and bolster it’s economy. Research data shows us that the district is one of the poorest ares of Valencia, accompanied by low population and low income levels. From this data, as well as site visits to the area, we see that the area is in need of rejuvenation. What is needed is more full-time residents, retail restaurants, and businesses to populate the inland portion of the Poblats Maritims, not just the businesses on the beachfront. Public interest in the Poblats Maritims can be increased through a stronger connection to public transportation. Depending on where one is located in the district, it could take anywhere from 10 to 30 minutes just to get to the closest metro stop. With these numbers, its not hard to understand why less people are living in the Poblats Maritims district; the distance is creating an invisible barrier that is effectively keeping people from traveling to and from the Poblats Maritims. A more centralized metro stop in the district will create easier access and a stronger connection back to the city. The result will be an influx of new residents, working professionals, and new businesses that will create a healthier local economy within the neighborhood. There is ample space within the Poblats Maritims where we see a mixture of green spaces, small deserted parks, and private landscaping. Currently, green spaces in the district are used primarily as buffers. The main buffers are green parks along the south side of the district where the Poblats Maritims ends and the water’s edge, along the Carrer del Pavia which runs alongside the public beaches, and the Parque Doctor Lluch which runs alongside the western edge of the district where more dense residential neighborhoods begin. A new community green space is needed to rejuvenate the district, as a well-designed space for the community as well as a to serve to beautify and enhance the environment of the Poblats Maritims. A new mixed-use construction focused on a 70 unit residential building will become the catalyst for a growing economy in the Poblats Maritims. It will include retail, commercial and green spaces to support the community on site. As is the norm in much of Europe, the residential spaces are to be built above the retail and commercial spaces. At the ground level, retail and diverse commercial spaces will form a public gathering space and draw in locals and tourists alike. The large swath of land to the west of ‘El Clot” is to be repurposed as green space for the community and will function as a connection between the currently fragmented sports complex fields and the new mixed-use housing construction. In addition, ‘El Clot’ is to be removed since it is a failed and abandoned apartment complex currently filled with illegal squatters. The historic row of residential houses to the south of the site are to be kept since they are integral to the history, traditions, and art of the Poblats Maritims community. The site and its new construction is to function as a new community hub for the Poblats Maritims district. A new metro stop will be integrated rear the site as part of the district masterplan and will reconnect the Poblats Maritims to the center city, effectively creating a new hub of activity. With this connection readily available, residents of the area and beyond will be able to connect and travel to the Poblats Maritims more easily. As a result, more people will hopefully come to populate the area, and bring with them the need for shops and restaurants to cater to the new locals and tourists, effectively breathing new life into the district and paving the way for more cleanup of the surrounding areas.

153

PROJECT STATEMENT

154

PRECEDENT CASE STUDIES

ONE SANTA FE 2015 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, USA MICHAEL MALTZAN Michael Maltzan’s One Santa Fe mixed-use residential and retail building located in Los Angeles, California is a successful project. It offers an interesting precedent for its large scale housing plans, mixed-use spaces, parking located in and around the structure, and its public spaces. The idea of One Santa Fe’s elevated housing and structure works as it could be used as a response to the Poblats Maritims’ risk of rising waters due to natural disasters and global warming.

155

156

PRECEDENT CASE STUDIES

UNITE D’HABITATION 1952 MARSEILLE, FRANCE LE CORBUSIER Le Corbusier’s Unite d’habitation in Marseille, France also serves as design precedent. The intent here is to study and us the ideas that made the Unite successful. In addition, the raised structure of the Unite is another feature I wish to use as a nod to the threat of natural disasters and rising waters of global warming.

157

158

PRECEDENT CASE STUDIES

NEW CARVER APARTMENTS 2009 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, USA MICHAEL MALTZAN Michael Maltzan’s New Carver Apartments in Los Angeles serves the third design precedent. The building serves as a lowincome housing project for former homeless elderly and disabled residents. The project incorporates communal spaces for the building’s residents, which take the form of kitchens dining areas, gathering spaces, and gardens. The takeaway from this project is its successful community housing, and communal spaces.

159

160

USER DEFINITION COMMUNITY AND RETAIL SPACES

INDIVIDUALS

COUPLES

CHILDREN

Individuals will use the building and surrounding grounds for their shopping needs as well as relaxing or meeting friends in the green spaces.

Much like individuals who use the building and surrounding grounds, couples will travel to the site for shopping and relaxing.

Children will primarily use the community green spaces as play areas and meet up with their friends.

RETIREES

FAMILIES

SHOP OWNERS

Retirees will gravitate to the building and the surrounding grounds as a place to congregate with friends and experience the community. They will also visit for performances and shows.

Families will use the grounds and the green spaces around the building for playing and visiting with other families. In the evenings, they will shop, eat, and possibly see a show.

Shop owners will set up shops and restaurants to attract customers to the building and surrounding area. At breaks, they will use the surrounding green spaces to relax.

161

STUDENTS

COLLEGE STUDENTS

PROFESSIONALS

Students will be attracted to the building for its diverse selection of shops and restaurants. The building will also be used as a meeting point.

College students will use the building to shop and eat after classes. Some students will pick up part-time jobs to pay for tuition.

After returning from their jobs in the city, professionals will visit the building for dinner and some shopping. On weekends, they might pay another visit to see a lecture or performance.

EMPLOYEES

RESIDENTS

TOURISTS

Employees in the shops will enjoy their beautiful work location. On their breaks, the various shop employees like to relax in the green spaces and socialize amongst themselves.

Residents of the building will use the community and shopping spaces to tend to their shopping needs and socialize with the rest of the local community.

Tourists to Valencia and the nearby beach will arrive to the Poblats Maritims via the nearby metro line and find a vibrant and enticing shopping and community hub.

162

USER DEFINITION COMMUNITY AND RETAIL SPACES

LIVING SPACES

BEACH VISITORS

COLLEGE STUDENTS

INDIVIDUALS

Similarly to tourists, beach visitors will travel past the building and vibrant shopping opportunities and be drawn to the site.

College students from the nearby college across the street may elect to live in the residential apartments.

Individuals who are looking for a vibrant and community-driven area live as residents in the building.

LOCALS

PROFESSIONALS

RETIREES

Poblats Maritims locals and Valencia locals will come to view the building and its surrounding site as a hub for the Poblats Maritims district.

Professionals who desire a quality apartment, connected community, and easy transportation to the city, live here.

Retirees who want to remain connected to their community and have easy access to friends, family, and their shopping needs choose here.

163

MANAGEMENT

COUPLES

BUILDING OWNER

HOUSING COORDINATOR

Couples can find large or small apartments available to suit their needs in the residential portion of the building.

The building owner oversees the big picture operations of the building complex.

The housing coordinator acts as second in command to the building owner and is a full-time presence on the site. The individual oversees and works with apartment renters as well as the housing secretaries, maintenance, and janitors.

FAMILIES

HOUSING SECRETARIES

LEASING COORDINATOR

Small families looking to be closer to work, school, and community green spaces enjoy living in the building complex.

The housing secretariesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; primary jobs are to interact and deal with residents and their concerns. This includes equipping hopeful residents with necessary paperwork as well as getting them into contact with maintenance.

The leasing coordinator works on the same level as the housing coordinator and handles the leasing and business operations concerning the shops and restaurants leasing space in the complex.

164

USER DEFINITION MANAGEMENT

LEASING SECRETARIES

EVENTS COORDINATOR

The leasing secretaries are on hand as assistants to the leasing coordinator, and help shop owners/tenants with their needs. This includes filing paperwork and contacting janitors and maintenance when necessary.

The events coordinator is in charge of the auditorium space of the complex, and facilitates contracts/agreements between the venue and any performers, lecturers, or artists.

MAINTENANCE

JANITORS

Maintenance workers are on hand 24/7 for any emergency or regular repairs to the residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; apartments as well as the greater building complex.

Janitorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; daily duties are to keep the community spaces and residential spaces clean of debris. Shop keepers and restaurants are expected to keep their own business areas clean via their own workers.

COMMUNITY SPACES: 55,400 SQFT. TOTAL AUDITORIUM BUILDING: 3,850 SQFT. TOTAL LOBBY: 400 SQFT. STORAGE: 200 SQFT. MECHANICAL/ELECTRICAL: 500 SQFT. JANITOR: 100 SQFT. RESTROOMS: 250 SQFT. AUDITORIUM: 2,400 SQFT. RETAIL SPACES: 50,000 SQFT. TOTAL (12) SMALL SHOPS: 2,500 SQFT EACH (30,000 SQFT.) (4) LARGE SHOPS: 5,000 SQFT. EACH (20,000 SQFT.) CAFE: 1,550 SQFT. TOTAL COFFEE BAR: 750 SQFT. KITCHEN/BREAKROOM: 200 SQFT. MANAGERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S OFFICE: 100 SQFT. STORAGE: 200 SQFT. JANITOR: 50 SQFT. RESTROOMS: 250 SQFT.

TERRACE:1,500 SQFT. TOTAL

LIVING SPACES: 56,030 SQFT. TOTAL APARTMENTS: LOBBY: 400 SQFT. ELECTRICAL: 100 SQFT. ELEVATOR: 80 SQFT. STAIRS: 750 SQFT. COMMUNITY LIVING SPACE: 500 SQFT. (40) 1-BEDROOM APRATMENTS: 600 SQFT. EACH (24,000 SQFT.) (25) 2-BEDROOM APARTMENTS: 1,000 SQFT. EACH (25,000 SQFT.) (4) 3-BEDROOM APARTMENTS: 1,300 SQFT. EACH (5,200 SQFT.)

MANAGEMENT: 1,910 SQFT. TOTAL OFFICES: RECEPTION: 200 SQFT. HOUSING SECRETARY/RECEPTION: 80 SQFT. LEASING SECRETARY/RECEPTION: 80 SQFT. HOUSING SECRETARY 2 OFFICE: 100 SQFT. LEASING SECRETARY 2 OFFICE: 100 SQFT. HOUSING COORDINATOR: 150 SQFT. LEASING COORDINATOR: 150 SQFT. BUILDING OWNER: 150 SQFT. EVENTS COORDINATOR: 150 SQFT. MEETING ROOM: 150 SQFT. BREAK ROOM: 100 SQFT. MAINTENANCE/JANITOR: 150 SQFT. RESTROOMS: 250 SQFT. ELECTRICAL/SERVER ROOM: 100 SQFT.

CIRCULATION: 17,000 SQFT. TOTAL GROSS: 130,340 SQFT.

165

PROGRAM

166

PROGRAM MEASUREMENTS COMMUNITY SPACES

CIRCULATION 600 SQFT.

RETAIL SPACES

TERRACE

1,500 SQFT.

CIRCULATION 7,400 SQFT.

LOBBY

400 SQFT.

LARGE SHOP

SMALL SHOP

5,000 SQFT.

BATHROOMS

5,000 SQFT.

250 SQFT.

STORAGE 200 SQFT.

MECHANICAL 500 SQFT.

JANITOR 100 SQFT.

CIRC.

240 SQFT.

REST.

250 SQFT.

COFFEE BAR

5,000 SQFT.

750 SQFT.

AUDITORIUM 2,400 SQFT.

KITCHEN

200 SQFT.

MANAGER

2,500 SQFT.

100 SQFT.

STORAGE 200 SQFT.

2,500 SQFT.

JANITOR

50 SQFT. 2,500 SQFT.

2,500 SQFT.

167

LIVING SPACES

MANAGEMENT

LOBBY

CIRCULATION

400 SQFT.

8,400 SQFT.

ELEV.

100 SQFT.

SERVER 100 SQFT.

STAIRS 1-BR APT.

1-BR APT.

750 SQFT.

1-BR APT.

COM. RM.

600 SQFT.

1-BR APT. 600 SQFT.

600 SQFT.

1-BR APT. 600 SQFT.

600 SQFT.

1-BR APT. 600 SQFT.

600 SQFT.

1-BR APT. 600 SQFT.

600 SQFT.

1-BR APT.

600 SQFT.

1-BR APT.

600 SQFT.

1-BR APT.

600 SQFT.

1-BR APT. 600 SQFT.

2-BR APT.

1,000 SQFT.

3-BR APT. 1,300 SQFT.

1,000 SQFT.

3-BR APT.

1,300 SQFT.

1,000 SQFT.

3-BR APT. 1,300 SQFT.

1,000 SQFT.

3-BR APT. 1,300 SQFT.

REC.

240 SQFT.

HOUSING

300 SQFT.

LEASING

300 SQFT.

600 SQFT.

CIRC.

240 SQFT.

500 SQFT.

OWNER

150 SQFT.

EVENTS

150 SQFT.

MTG RM. 150 SQFT.

BRK RM.

100 SQFT.

REST.

250 SQFT.

SERVER

100 SQFT.

MAINT.

150 SQFT.

168

PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS COMMUNITY SPACES

CIRCULATION 600 SQFT.

Circulation in the community auditorium space is included to facilitate the movement of patrons to and from the various spaces in the auditorium space.

LOBBY

The lobby of the community auditorium will act as a meeting place before and after lectures and performances.

BATHROOMS

Bathrooms are to be dispersed as necessary and located directly from the lobby space for easy access.

STORAGE MECHANICAL

Storage will be available for the various needs of the auditorium. The storage space is to hold things like chairs, podiums, etc., for performances and lectures. The mechanical room is to house all the necessary mechanical equipment needed to run the building complex.

JANITOR

A janitorial room is to be included for maintenance and janitors to work from and store tools.

AUDITORIUM

The auditorium is sized as such to accommodate an audience of 140 attendees. A permanent stage will be part of the program. From the auditorium, the storage room shall be immediately accessible.

400 SQFT.

250 SQFT.

200 SQFT.

500 SQFT.

100 SQFT.

2,400 SQFT.

169

REATIL SPACES

TERRACE

The terrace is to be accessible to the public at all times. It shall provide its users with views of the green spaces adjacent to the building complex. The terrace shall also be directly accessible from the coffee bar.

CIRCULATION 240 SQFT.

Circulation in the Coffee Shop is included to facilitate the movement of patrons to and from the various spaces in the retail spaces.

RESTROOMS

Bathrooms are to be dispersed as necessary and easily accessible to coffee shop patrons.

COFFEE BAR

The Coffee Bar is one of the central meeting points in the building complex. It serves as a place for building residents, locals, and tourists to buy their morning coffee and chat with neighbors. Within the Coffee Shopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s program, the coffee bar is the area dedicated to the sales and making of the customersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; drinks.

1,500 SQFT.

250 SQFT.

750 SQFT.

KITCHEN

The kitchen/break room is where employees will take breaks as well as prepare mass quantities of food before the shop opens in the morning.

MANAGER

The manager will have a room to themselves for the purpose of sorting business operations such as dealing with expenses, schedules, and payrolls.

STORAGE 200 SQFT.

Storage will be located directly off of the kitchen/break room. The placement of the storage room in relation to those mentioned rooms is so that food and other necessary items will be readily accessible.

JANITOR

A janitorial closet will be included in the building program for janitors to work from and store tools.

200 SQFT.

100 SQFT.

50 SQFT.

170

PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS RETAIL SPACES

CIRCULATION

Circulation in the retail spaces is for facilitating the movement of patrons to and from the various retail spaces and restaurants. The circulation in the outdoor retail spaces will be intermixed with green spaces to provide for an enjoyable environment.

LARGE SHOP

The smaller shops located in the retail space are to all be a uniform size of 2,500 sqft. With this information, there should be twelve small shops in the building complex. The shops should be of varying kinds and uses, ranging from retail stores, start-ups, restaurants, home goods, collectibles, etc.

SMALL SHOP

The larger shops located in the retail space are to be a uniform size of 5,000 sqft., making for a grand total of four large shops. The large shops should be intermixed with the smaller shops rather than all grouped together. A diverse range of stores and shops is desired to be present in the retail space.

7,400 SQFT.

5,000 SQFT.

2,500 SQFT.

171

LIVING SPACES

CIRCULATION

Circulation in the living spaces is for moving residents to and from the various rooms inside their apartments as well as from their apartments to the community living spaces, the elevator, stairs, and lobby.

1-BR APT.

Forty one-bedroom apartments will be included in the program and all measure 600 sqft. All such apartments shall include the following: a living room (170 sqft.), kitchen (150 sqft.), bedroom (150 sqft.), closet (24 sqft.), bathroom (80 sqft.), mechanical closet (10 sqft.), and storage space (16 sqft.).

2-BR APT.

Twenty-five two-bedroom apartments will be included in the program and all measure a uniform 1,000 sqft. All such apartments shall include the following: a living room (200 sqft.), kitchen (150 sqft.), bedroom (150 sqft.), closet (25 sqft.), bathroom (8 0 sqft.), master bedroom (200 sqft.), master closet (60 sqft.), master bathroom (100 sqft.), mechanical closet (10 sqft.), and storage space (25 sqft.).

8,400 SQFT.

600 SQFT.

1,000 SQFT.

3-BR APT. 1,300 SQFT.

Four three-bedroom apartments are to be included in the program and all measure a uniform 1,300 sqft. All such apartments shall include the following: a living room (200 sqft.), kitchen (180 sqft.), bedroom 1 (150 sqft.), closet 1 (25 sqft.), bedroom 2 (170 sqft.), closet 2 (35 sqft.), bathroom (110 sqft.), master bedroom (210 sqft.), master closet (100 sqft.), master bathroom (110 sqft.), mechanical closet (10 sqft.), and storage space (25 sqft.).

172

PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS LIVING SPACES

LOBBY

400 SQFT.

The lobby for the living spaces is included in the program to provide an entry to the above apartments. The lobby shall provide mailboxes for the residents to collect their mail, as well as an elevator and stairs leading to the upper level.

ELEVATOR

The elevator is allow for residents to ascend to the above residential spaces.

SERVER

The server room is to hold electrical services, phone lines, and internet servers for the building.

STAIRS

Stairs are provided in the program to allow residents to ascend to the above residential spaces from the lobby.

COMMUNITY ROOM

The community space is a meeting area that shall double as a relaxing area for residents to meet and converse with neighbors and friends.

100 SQFT. 100 SQFT. 750 SQFT.

500 SQFT.

MANAGEMENT

CIRCULATION

Circulation is included to allow visitors to the management offices to move between spaces.

RECEPTION HOUSING OFFICES

Reception is in place to welcome visitors to the management offices and direct them to the correct division. Reception shall consist of one housing secretary and one leasing secretary at the front desk. Housing offices are to consist of one housing secretary office (100 sqft.) for the assistant directly below the housing coordinator and their office (150 sqft.).

LEASING OFFICES

Leasing offices are to consist of one leasing secretary office (100 sqft.) for the assistant directly below the leasing coordinator and their office (150 sqft.).

OWNER

A large office is provided for the building owner to conduct business and meetings.

EVENTS

The events coordinator is provided an office to conduct business regarding events such as lectures, performances, etc.

MEETING RM.

A meeting room is provided for any of the management offices to use for business operations.

BREAK RM.

A break room is included for staff to take breaks, eat, and socialize.

RESTROOMS

Bathrooms are to be dispersed as necessary and easily accessible to staff and office visitors.

SERVER RM.

A server room is provided in the program to hold electrical services, phone lines, and internet servers for the building.

240 SQFT.

300 SQFT.

300 SQFT. 150 SQFT. 150 SQFT. 150 SQFT. 100 SQFT. 250 SQFT. 100 SQFT.

MAINTENANCE A maintenance room shall be provided to the janitors and maintenance crews as a break room and a space to store 150 SQFT. their work tools.

PROGRAM RELATIONSHIPS

173

1-BD APT.

SMALL SHOP

CIRCULATION

SMALL SHOP

STAIRS

SMALL SHOP

3-BD APT.

LOBBY

SMALL SHOP

COM. LIVING

2-BD APT.

ELECTRICAL ELEVATOR

TERRACE

CRC.

COFFEE BAR

KTCN

CIRC.

AUDITORIUM

SERVER ROOM HOUSING OFF.

MAINTENANCE REC.

STO. JANITOR

OWNER

EVTS.

SMALL SHOP

CRC.

SMALL SHOP

BATH.

LARGE SHOP

CIRCULATION

LARGE SHOP

BREAK ROOM MEETING ROOM

BATHROOMS

LEASING OFF.

BATHROOMS

MECH.

LOBBY

STORAGE

JANITOR

MANAGER

174

MASSING BUILDING ANATOMY

1 Retail and other commercial uses occupy the ground floor of the complex. A residential circulation core connects the auditorium to the rest of the complex. 2 Residential spaces are located directly above the retail and commercial spaces. The residential floors step back on each floor to make room for green spaces that act as buffers to the historic buildings on the south side of the new alley.

A second level of retail spaces is added to the eastern building on the site. A terrace and coffee bar also take up residence on the second floor of this building. 3 Residential units continue to be added to the complex. 4 The final floor of residential units is added, completing the complex. 2.

LEGEND MANAGEMENT COMMUNITY SPACE RESIDENTIAL RETAIL 4.

175

176

MASSING PARTS TO A WHOLE

LEGEND

Retail makes up the ‘foundation’ of the building complex while the residential units are housed above. Connected to the major residential/ retail building are the community auditorium space and management spaces.

MANAGEMENT

The maximize on space, the management offices are located above the auditorium. Nearby, a secondary retail building hosts the coffee bar and public terrace

RESIDENTIAL

COMMUNITY SPACE

RETAIL

177

178

URBAN SECTION NORTH SECTION

The section shows a view looking westward towards the dense residential neighborhoods that border the district. Retail and commercial spaces are located on the ground level and support the residential spaces above. The left two structures form the major portion of the complex and house retail and residential units. On the right, additional retail units form the base for the elevated terrace and coffee bar.

179

180

URBAN SECTION EAST SECTION

The section cutting through the site looks eastward and showcases the moment between the retail spaces on the ground level and the residential spaces above. A throughway gives access to the easternmost plaza in the complex.

181

PART V |

| ANTWERP CITY MAPPING

184

BACKGROUND

Great architects have a thorough understanding of their subject matter. Even though you may be designing for a specific site in one city, understanding and researching precedents â&#x20AC;&#x201C; historical, programmatic and developmental â&#x20AC;&#x201C; is key to creating the most intelligent design possible. Our site within the Poblats Maritims appears as a peripheral enclave of untapped potential. Positioned north of the shipping ports it is poised for new development. Anchored to the sea and buttressed by dense city blocks, the area takes on new meaning and possibilities that will take queues from the needs and energy of Valencia. This has occurred many times over in cities with greater history and with varied densities. Anticipating the future project site in Valenica, the assignment is to research six major European port cities and their development in relation to history, density and gentrification.

PROCESS + TECHNIQUE

Working in teams of two, each team will be assigned a city to research and map. The series of mappings each team creates will be analytical, data driven research drawings. The goal is to activate our understanding of a city by producing drawings that are not merely documentation of what is already available. Analytical strategies based on precedent research are to be developed and designed. These are to be a series of systematized maps and information graphics, designed to reveal and discover the different dimensions of the city â&#x20AC;&#x201C; time, infrastructure, transportation, etc. Each team will develop a descriptive notational system that abstracts and isolates a range of site conditions. This includes the development of graphic style - color palette, icons, hatching, line type styles, etc. The goal is to make visible all of the invisible that comprise any individual context within the city, and for each team to create new and varied approaches to how they document their particular city, which will in turn influence our approach to research on Valencia.

185

ANTWERP PROMPT

186

HISTORY OF ANTWERP CITY ORIGINS

Antwerp started as a fortified city that, when the Scheldt flooded, would bring ships in from around the region to trade. As the city expanded it grew in multiple directions eventually spanning to the border with the Netherlands.

187

ANTWERP, BELGIUM REGIONS

GEOGRAPHIC FLAGS FLAG OF BELGIUM

The present day Kingdom of Belgium is essentially split into three regions; the northern Dutch Region known as Flanders, the southern French region known as Wallonia, and the small German region, Eupen-Malmedy, which lines parts of the eastern border and measures only 280 square miles.

FLAG OF FLANDERS

Of the two main regions, the north and the south, each contains five provinces. The city of Antwerp is located in the province of Antwerp which is in turn located in the northern Flemmish state.

FLAG OF ANTWERP (CITY)

FLAG OF ANTWERP (PROVINCE)

The capital of Belgium, Brussels, holds its own non-partisan province in the northern territory.

NETHERLANDS

English Channel

GERMANY Antwerp Province Flanders

Wallonia

LUXEMBURG FRANCE

188

MARITIME SHIPPING PORT OF ANTWERP

Antwerp shortsea transport is categorized as to and from the U.K., Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea, North Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea. This form of shipping amounts to 99.1 million tonnes per year for the port. With these numbers, the port of Antwerp is the second largest European port for shortsea shipping.

North Sea

To Scandinavia and Baltic Sea

Irish Sea

UNITED KINGDOM NETHERLANDS

To the U.K.

Antwerp GERMANY

BELGIUM

LUXEMBURG

English Channel

To North Africa, Mediterranean, and Black Sea Bay of Biscay

FRANCE AUSTRIA SWITZERLAND ITALY

189

SHIPPING INLAND PORT OF ANTWERP

TRANSIT TIME

Inland transport is conducted through the use of barges, which are able to transport 91.5 million tonnes of freight per year. The barges are seen as a cost-effective and environmentally freindly option in comparison to roadway transportation.

1_ BELGIAN HINTERLAND: 4 - 18 HOURS 2_ NORTHERN FRANCE: 24 - 36 HOURS 3_ UPPER RHINE: 72 - 96 HOURS 4_ MIDDLE RHINE: 24 - 72 HOURS 5_ LOWER RHINE: 18 - 24 HOURS 6_ DUTCH HINTERLAND: 6 - 18 HOURS

North Sea Irish Sea Hamburg Bremer Haven

NETHERLANDS

UNITED KINGDOM

Rotterdam

Zeebrugge 1

Antwerp GERMANY BELGIUM

English Channel 2 LUXEMBURG 4

FRANCE

Bay of Biscay

AUSTRIA

SWITZERLAND ITALY

190

RAILWAY TRANSPORT PORT OF ANTWERP

Each year, the port of Antwerp sees a great deal of shipping and transportation along the Scheldt. Not only does the port see container ships, but it also is home to Europe’s second largest railway port. The rail transport of Antwerp accounts for 18 million tonnes of freight per year alone, thanks to it’s strategic location along three major european rail corridors. The rails also offer access to parts of Russia, Kazakhstan, Korea, and China.

Irish Sea

North Sea

Schwarzhelde UNITED KINGDOM

Leipzig

NETHERLANDS

To Moscow

Dulsburg Antwerp

Zeebrugge

Neuss BELGIUM

Kortrijk

Athus

English Channel

To Athens and Varna

Frankfurt

LUXEMBURG

Mannheim Germersheim

GERMANY

Paris Strausbourg

Munich Basel FRANCE

AUSTRIA SWITZERLAND ITALY

Bay of Biscay

Milan

Lyons To Madrid

To Barcelona

To Rome

Verona

191

ACCESS TO WATER WATERWAYS

Antwerp is strategically located to take advantage of the English Channel while still being located far enough inland to be protected. The city is arranged around a network of rivers and locks acting as a port for the region, including the neighboring Netherlands which the city sits on the border of. The borders of the port originally were much smaller but as the port and city of Antwerp grew, the city expanded to the border of the Netherlands. Unable to expand further north, the port began to expand to the east bank.

In addition to the port housing the two largest locks in the world. The Port of Antwerp routinely pushes sustainable strategies, looking to become the cleanest and most Eco-friendly port in the world.

The Port of Antwerp maintains the two largest locks in the world, the Zandvlietsluis Lock and the Berendrechtsluis Lock.

Westerschelde Estuary

Verdronken land van Saeftinghe (wetlands)

ive

Zandvlietsluis Lock Berendrechtsluis Lock

Boudewijnsluis Lock

192

DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRICTS MUNICIPALITIES

Antwerp initially started as a fortified town on the border of the Netherlands. Over the centuries it has been conquered and occupied multiple times bringing together a multitude of cultures. Now the city is composed of nine primary districts. The primary districts of the Antwerp are Berendrecht, Zandvliet, Lillo, Antwerpen, Ekeren, Merksem, Deurne, Wilrijk, and Hoboken.

BORDERS

North of Antwerpen is the industrial district that houses the ports of the city. These areas have large areas of land the remain open for the storage of goods, contrasting the significantly developed districts to the south.

DISTRICTS OF ANTWERP MUNICIPALITIES INFLUENCED CITY DISTRICTS 1_BERENDRECHT-ZANDVLIET-LILLO 2_EKEREN 3_ANTWERPEN 4_MERKSEM 5_BORGERHOUT 6_BERCHEM 7_DEURNE 8_HOBOKEN 9_WILRIJK

Antwerpen, the district that contains much of the original city is unsurprisingly the densest part of the city with multiple mixed-use structures. It is also the home of many of the most culturally significant structures, both old and new therefore it is the district the generates a substantial amount of its revenue from tourism.

5 6 8 9

193

CITY GROWTH OVER TIME

Antwerp was first settled by the Germanic Franks in the 4th century and then became a part of the Holy Roman Empire at the end of the 10th century. In the 16th century it became a major port for shipping sugar from Portugal and Spain. As the city grew in wealth and importance, the world’s first stock exchange was completed in 1531 and Antwerp became the richest city in Europe at the time.

LEGEND In 1800, when the city was under French rule, Napoleon gave new life to the city’s trade by deepening the river and constructing a new lock and dock. A Ten-Year Plan from the year 1956 to 1965 aimed to expand the port’s capacity with new canal docks. Today, the port continues to focus on growth.

1_ 1624 - THE CITY IS PROTECTED BY A SYSTEM OF WALLS AND FORTS. 2_ 1898 - A NEW SYSTEM OF WALLS AND FORTS EXPAND THE CITY. 3_ 1908 - GROWTH BEYOND THE WALLS AND CONNECTION TO SURROUNDING VILLAGES. 4_PRESENT DAY FOOTPRINT OF ANTWERP.

Due to the shipping trade, the city saw an influx of foreign merchants from Spain, Portugal, Venice, and Ragusa. This led to a very tolerant cosmopolitan society. It experienced a golden age with three economic booms in spice, American Silver, and textiles, respectively.

Westerschelde Estuary Wuustwezel Verdronken land van Saeftinghe (wetlands)

Sc r

ive

Brecht

Kapellen

Brasschaat 4

Beveren 3 1

Mortsel

Sint Niklaas

Lier

194

PROGRAM CHANGE OVER TIME

Traditionally, Antwerp was segregated like many cities throughout the world. Utilizing a system of zoning similar to the Euclidean Zoning system practiced in the U.S., Antwerp has developed with zones delineated by clear borders of use. In recent years, there has been a push to scale back on this type of development, instead focusing more on mixed use spaces that can accommodate a plethora of needs for a given area. To help with this, multiple strategies were employed to help break down the barriers that the previous zoning measures developed. These measures seek to create “breaks” allowing for more diverse development. Some such strategies that Antwerp is employing include the Groene Singel, the Lively Canal, and the Soft Spine. These three strategies should liven under-utilize areas of the city while also blurring

ZONING STRATEGIES the boundaries between different programmatic elements that make up the city’s fabric.

GROENE SINGEL LIVELY CANAL SOFT SPINE

195

POPULATION DENSITY BY HECTARE

RESIDENTS BY HECTARE 1 - 15

With the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s origins begining on the banks of the Scheldt in the southeastern section of the city, the population gradually grew outward and connected with other small villages to create the metropolitain area which houses over 1,800,000 people today.

16 - 55 65 - 95

The highest concentration of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population can be seen as residing in the historic city center which dates back to the 4th century when it was settled by the Franks. From here, the population emanates outward in all directions. To the northwest, the population does not spread as evenly since it is home to the port and used as industrial area for shipping.

96 - 135 136 - 220

Westerschelde Estuary Wuustwezel Verdronken land van Saeftinghe (wetlands)

Sc r

ive

Brecht

Kapellen

Brasschaat

Beveren

Mortsel Sint Niklaas

Lier

196

THE COMPOSITION OF ANTWERP SPATIAL DENSITY

As the city has grown, the earlier established areas have become even more densely populated and the city began to expand further and further out. As the city expanded outward visible rings of development can be observed which correlate to the constructed of walls that were a result of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s expansion. When looking at a map of the spatial densities of the city today these rings are apparent, starting with the core and moving outward. The roadway system of the city loosely follows the rings. The center of the city is composed primarily of shops and offices, apartment units and condos, like many city centers.

To the north however is where the Port of Antwerp is located and is visible via large open spaces. These are to facilitate the storing of cargo that is brought in before it is shipped throughout the world, either via another ship or rail-line.

GREEN SPACES

Antwerp has over the recent years started moving it a direction whereby it wishes to design green spaces within the urban core and the port at large. While most of the suburban area surrounding the city has retained much of its green areas and parks, the urban density has largely done away with much of the natural vegetation. However, there are still cases where parks exist within the confines of the urban core. The Stadspark and Den Botaneik are two primary examples where green spaces have been integrated into the design of the city for the well being of residents. Now the city is pushing for ideas on how to redesign the Groene Singel, the highway that loops and separates the urban core of Antwerp from the other districts, into a green

space that will cut down on noise and traffic pollution. This endeavor will also allow for residents of the inner city to have recreational facilities while allowing for further connectivity of the major districts of Antwerp.

197

PARKS OF THE CITY

198

TRANSPORTATION MODES OF TRAVEL

Antwerp provides multiple ways of traversing the city. Trams, bus lines, bicycle lanes and an airport all allow for multiple modes of travel allowing an individual the choice for how they want to discover the city. Some systems, such as the tram and bus lines, with the addition of an airport make Antwerp a location that is also well connected throughout the region and internationally.

TRAVELING SYSTEM

TRAM SYSTEM BIKE HIGHWAY ANCILLARY BIKE ROUTE AIRPORT

All the systems that Antwerp provides make it a destination that is throughly networked as a city and an international hub for tourism and trade.

Antwerp International Airport

199

TRAVELING DISTANCE AND TIME

With multiple ways of getting around the city, Antwerp is designed to be provide multiple modes of navigation giving the individual a choice in how they wish to traverse the city. The city is organized in a way that allows for much of the historic sites to be seen via walking in less than a half-hour.

TRAVEL SPHERES To the north however is where the Port of Antwerp is located and is visible via large open spaces. These are to facilitate the storing of cargo that is brought in before it is shipped throughout the world, either via another ship or rail-line.

DISTANCE VIA WALKING DISTANCE VIA DRIVING

Additionally, the city isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t so large that if an individual desired they could be well outside the bounds of the city to enjoy a natural landscape in well under an hour via vehicular travel of any kind. To illustrate if one were to start at the City Hall of Antwerpen, they could walk much of the urban core in less than thirty minutes and possibly get out to parts of the port in the north in under and hour.

min

200

CULTURALLY HISTORIC SITES DESTINATIONS

SELECTED DESTINATIONS

Antwerp is home to a number of historical monuments and gardens. Though that is not to say that modern architecture hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t had a major impact on the tourism and development of the city.

1_ANTWERP CITY HALL 2_ANTWERP CITY STATION 3_CATHEDRAL OF OUR LADY 4_BOURSE (DIAMOND EXCHANGE) 5_LAW COURTS 6_MUSEUM AAN DE STROOM 7_DEN BOTANIEK 8_STADSPARK

Many of the historic destinations are located within the confines of the oldest district of Antwerp, building upon the urban core that exists with the newer constructions interpreting context in new and interesting ways.

5 1 2

3 4

7 8

201

ANTWERP GENTRIFICATION PRESENT DAY

LEGEND

Current day Antwerp is centered around the original settlement dating from the 4th century. Through the ages, Antwerp grew from a protected city with a accompanying forts to become the sprawling city we know today.

CITY LIMITS

Recent modern projects have aimed to reinvigorate the city; with constant expansion of the port, public parks, and the new MAS Museum completed in 2011, Antwerp has been successful in creating welcoming public works that people want to flock to.

CITY CENTER REVIVAL

PUBLIC WORKS, PARKS, AND TRANSPORT

MAJOR GENTRIFIED NEIGHBORHOODS

ive

Sc Kapellen

Brasschaat

Mortsel

202

ANTWERP GENTRIFICATION PRESENT DAY

The MAS Museum is the best example of a gentrified neighborhood, as it is located in a formerly industrial area, known as Het Eilandje. Until the museum was built, the area was devoid of any businesses other than shipping. With the new construction, coffee shops and new retail has sprung up around the museum, taking back a lifeless neighborhood and turning it into an attraction.

LEGEND

1_ HET EILANDJE 2_ SCHIPPERSKWARTIER 3_HET ZUID 4_SINT ANDRIES 5_CHINATOWN 6_ZURENBORG 7_BORGERHOUT

CITY LIMITS PUBLIC WORKS, PARKS, AND TRANSPORT CITY CENTER REVIVAL MAJOR GENTRIFIED NEIGHBORHOODS

Other gentrified areas include the Het Zuid which was revived in the 1980â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s as a museum and art district. Antwerp also features a Chinatown neighborhood, a cleaned up red light disrict, the Sint Andries neighborhood, the Zurenborg neighborhood, and the Borgerhout district.

5 4

3 6

203

GENTRIFICATION CITY EXPLORATION

Antwerp has gone through many changes in recent years, trying to integrate more of the city’s programmatic element and eliminate the segregation of services that the city has. One way the city has done this is by creating cultural significant locations in targeted areas of the city that have been under-utilized and embracing the historic sites that already exist. One neighborhood that has seen great success in doing so is Het Zuid.

By promoting urban renewal, the area has become much livelier. The traditional architecture in close proximity to much more modern structures creates a vivid and rich contextual fabric that enhances ones appreciation for the are which is stepped in history. With it’s location being in the urban core it also allows for the ease of travel to other desired areas while still allowing one to return home to the fringes of the urban core like a suburb within a city.

Het Zuid is a neighborhood located on the river Scheldt and within the urban core. It houses some of the most visited destinations in Antwerp including the Museum of Contemporary Art Antwerp, Cinema Zuid, and the Photo Museum “FOMU”. This has lead to the development of beautiful plazas and art galleries. Cafes and restaurants.

SC H

PART VI|

| BIBLIOGRAPHY

206

BIBLIOGRAPHY SOURCES

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