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Ta b l e o f Co n t e n t s Ci t yOv e r v i e w-Lo ndo n& Pa r i s Ma po fPa r i s Ma po fLo ndo n Hi s t o r yo fPa r i s& Lo ndo n Ec o no my , Po l i t i c s , a ndCur r e nc y Co nt r i but i o nt ot heFa s hi o nI ndus t r y To p2 5Phr a s e si nPa r i s To p1 0Lo c a l Fa v o r i t e s To p1 5Mo nume nt s Ca l e nda ro fEv e nt si nMa y To p5Re t a i l e r s Expl o r i ngt heCi t y : ABuc ke tLi s t Co nc l us i o n
Pa r i s Ov e r v i e w Pa r i s , t hec i t yofl ov ei st hemos tpopul a t e dc i t yi nFr a nc e . I ti s homet oov e r2. 2mi l l i onpe opl ewhol i v ei nt hec e nt r a l c i t ya nd 12mi l l i onwhol i v ei nt hewhol eme t r opol i t a na r e a .
Notonl yi si tt hec a pi t a lofFr a nc e ,i ti sa l s oc ons i de r e dt he c a pi t a lofFa s hi on. S omeoft hewor l d’ s ne s tf a s hi onhous e s a ndc os me t i c sa r ehe a dqua r t e r e di nPa r i s , i nc l udi ngCha ne l , Di or , S a i nt L a ur e nt , L a nc ome , a ndmor e . Whe t he ry ou’ r es t r ol l i ngbyt heS e i neors i ppi ngonc offe ea nd pe opl ewa t c hi ng,t he r ei sa l wa y ss ome t hi ng di ffe r e ntt o oc c upyy ourt i mewi t hi nPa r i s . Popul a rmonume nt sl i k et he Ei ffe lT owe r ,t he L ouv r e ,a nd L ’ Ar c de t r i omphe dr a w mi l l i onsoft our i s t sy e a rr ound. Pa r i s ’ r i c hc ul t ur ea ndt r a di t i oni sl i k enoot he r . Fr om t her i c h c ui s i net ot hel oc a l s , t he r ei snoot he rc i t yl i k et hec i t yofl ov e .
Lo n d o nOv e r v i e w
L ondoni sc ons i de r e doneoft hemos tv i br a nta ndmul t i c ul t ur a l c i t i e si nt hewor l d. I ti st hec a pi t a l a ndl a r ge s tc i t yi nt he Uni t e dKi ngdom. Cons i de r e doneof t hewor l d’ sl e a di nggl oba l c i t i e s ,i ti s wi de l yk nown f orc ul t ur e ,mus i c ,e duc a t i on, f a s hi on, pol i t i c s ,na nc ea ndt r a de .
Ma nys y mbol sha v ebe c omes y nony mouswi t ht hi spopul a r c i t y .Doubl e de c k e rbus e ss y mbol i z et heomni pr e s e nc eof t our i s t swhi l et r a c e sofBe a t l e ma ni ac a ns t i l lbe f ound t hr oughoutt hec i t y . S hoppi ngi sa l s oapopul a rl e i s ur ea c t i v i t y ;r e t a i l e r si nL ondon a r ef a mous wor l dwi de due t o e x t r a v a ga nts t or ec onc e pt sa nd c e l e br i t yc l i e nt e l e .Whi l e v i s i t i ng L ondon,y ou c a n’ t mi s sa ny of t he s y mbol i c l a ndma r k st hec i t yha st ooffe r . Bi gBe n, Buc k i ngha m Pa l a c e , a ndt heL ondonEy ea r eaf e wof t hemos tpopul a ra t t r a c t i ons . Ge t t i ngt ot he s ei sa t t r a c t i onsi squi t ee a s y , L ondon’ spubl i c t r a ns por t a t i oni se a s yt ona v i ga t et hr ougha nds a f et ous e . Youc a nj umpont heunde r gr oundr a i l s y s t e m, hoponabus , orha i l abl a c kt a x i .
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Pa r i s ,t he c a pi t a lofF r a nc ea nd one t he mos tpopul a rt our i s t de s t i na t i ons , i sac i t yt ha tha sbe e ni nha bi t e df or ov e r 90, 000y e a r s . Ov e r 2, 000 a go,howe v e r ,hi s t or ybe ga nt a k i ng i t sc our s e .Re s e a r c he r s c onc l udet ha tt heGa ul sofPa r i s i it r i bes e t t l e di nt ot hea r e abe t we e n 250a nd200BC, f oundi nga s hi ngv i l l a geonpr e s e nt da yI l edel aCi t e . I n52BC,J ul i usCa e s a rs e ntt r oopst oc onque rPa r i si nt heba t t l eof L ut e t i a . Af t e rv i c t or y , ar oma nc i t ywa sbui l tt ot hel e f tba nkoft heS e i ne . F r om t he mi ddl ea ge st oa bout t he 18t hc e nt ur y ,Pa r i s wa s c ha r a c t e r i z e dbyi ns t a bi l i t y ,wa r ,a nddi s e a s e s .T heUni v e r s i t yofPa r i s wa sf ounde dbyPhi l i ppe Augus t ei n1200,t hebl a c k de a t hpl a gue d mos tofE ur opea ndk i l l e dmor et ha n40, 000Pa r i s i a ns, a ndt hea geof t he E nl i ght e nme ntwa s bor n.Ma ny c l a i m t ha tt he r i s e oft he E nl i ght e nme ntPe r i odl e a dt ot heF r e nc hRe v ol ut i on,ape r i odi nt he hi s t or yofF r a nc ei nwhi c ht hemona r c hywa sov e r t hr owna ndr a di c a l r e s t r uc t i ngwa sf or c e dupont heRoma nCa t hol i cChur c h F r om t he19t hc e nt ur yt opr e s e ntda y ,Pa r i sha sbe e nunde r gonea gr e a tt r a ns f or ma t i on. I ts ur v i v e dWWI a ndWWI I a ndha shos t e dma ny ot he rhi s t or i c a le v e nt s .T oda y ,i tha sbe c omehomet omi l l i onsof r e s i de nt sa ndt hegot opl a c ef ort our i s t swor l dwi de .
Lo n d o n
Hi storyof
L ondon, c a pi t a lofE ngl a nd, i shomet os omeoft hebe s tmonume nt s a nda t t r a c t i onswor l dwi de . T hec i t y ’ shi s t or yda t e sba c kt oa r ound50 AD, 7y e a r sa f t e rt heRoma nsi nv a de dBr i t a i na ndbui l tabr i dgea c r os s t her i v e r T ha me s . L a t e r on, t heRoma nsbui l tapor ta ndt he nat owna nd t hus L ondon wa s bor n. Angl oS a x on L ondon f ol l owe d t he a ba ndonme ntoft heRoma n Ci t y ,be t we e nt he6t h11t hc e nt ur y . Di ffe r e ntt r i be sofS a x onsa ndVi k i ngsf oughtf orc ont r oloft hec i t y . F ol l owi ngt hepr e v i ous5c e nt ur i e s ,Nor ma nda ndMe di e v a lL ondon t ookpl a c ef r om t he12t h–15t hc e nt ur y . Duk eWi l l i a m ofNor ma ndy c l a i me dt het hr oneofE ngl a ndonl yt obei nv a de dbyt heNor ma nsof F r a nc e .
F ol l owi ngNor ma nda ndMe di e v a l L ondon, t hec i t ys a wagr e a tde a l of c ha ngeov e r t hene x tc e nt ur i e s . F r om14851603, T udor L ondonwa st he l a r ge s tc i t yi nt hec ount r ya ndgr owi ng. I t spopul a r i t ywa sduet oi tbe i ng t hehuboft r a dea ndi ndus t r ya ndt hec e nt e rf orl i t e r a t ur ea ndt hea r t s . Wi l l i a mS ha k e s pe a r el i v e dt hr ought hi st i mea ndbe c a mer e ga r de da s t hegr e a t e s twr i t e ri nt heE ngl i s hL a ngua ge .F ol l owi ngT udorL ondon wa sS t ua r tL ondonf r om 160317 14. Dur i ngt hi st i me , E ur opes uffe r e d t heGr e a tPl a guea ndt heGr e a tF i r e ,whi c hc a us e dgr e a ta mountof de a t hsa ndde s t r uc t i on.18t ha nd19t hc e nt ur yL ondons a w ma ny c ha nge si nc l udi ng wa r s ,t heGr e a tDe pr e s s i on,a nd ot he rhi s t or i c a l e v e nt s . T oda y ,L ondonha sbe c omeagl oba l pol i t i c a l ,na nc i a l ,a ndt r a di ngc a pi t a l . I t sr i c hc ul t ur epe r me a t e st hewor l d a ndi n ue nc e spe opl ewor l dwi de .
Ec o no mi c y , Po l i t i c s , & Cur r e nc y Pa r i s Pa r i si sno to nl yt hec ul t ur a lc a pi t a lo f Fr a nc e , buta l s ot hee c o no mi c a lc e nt e ro fi t . I ti sc o ns i de r e dawe a l t hyc i t y a t t r a c t i ng pr i v a t ef o r t une sf r o ma l lo v e rt hewo r l d. Ne a r l yf o ur f i f t hs o fPa r i s ’wo r kf o r c ei s e mpl o y e di nbus i ne s ss e r v i c e s ,publ i c a ndpr i v a t e s e c t o r a dmi ni s t r a t i o ns , a nd c o mme r c e .Pa r i s ’e c o no my i sa l s o hi g hl y de pe nde ntupo nt o ur i s m,whi c ha t t r a c t s o v e r1 5mi l l i o nt o ur i s t sy e a r l y .
Pa r i si sdi v i de di nt o2 0di s t r i c t so r“ a r r o ndi s s e me nt s ” .Ea c hdi s t r i c tha sa l o c a l c o unc i l a ndaMa y o rwhoi se l e c t e dbyt hec i t y ’ sc o unc i l . To g e t he rwi t h i t ss ubur bs ,Pa r i sma ke sup e i g htde pa r t me nt so ft he Î l e de Fr a nc e a dmi ni s t r a t i v er e g i o n.Thi sr e g i o ni sg o v e r ne dbya ne l e c t e da s s e mbl y , c ha i r ma n, a ndas upe r v i s o r . Al s o , i ti so v e r s e e nbyapr e f e c twhoi ss e l e c t e d byt hes t a t e .
Theo f f i c i a l c ur r e nc yi nPa r i si st hee ur o . TheEur oi ss y mbo l i z e dby" €”a nd ha sbe e nc i r c ul a t e ds i nc eJ a nua r y2 002 .Fo r me r l y ,Pa r i s i a nsus e dt hef r a nc whi c hi snol o ng e ra c c e pt e d. The r ea r e8di f f e r e nte ur oc o i nsa nd7e ur obi l l s . Co i nsa r ea v a i l a bl ei nde no mi na t i o nso f2a nd1 , a ndt he n5 0, 2 0, 1 0, 5 , 2 , a nd 1c e nt . Bi l l sa r ede no mi na t e di n5 00, 2 00, 1 00, 5 0, 2 0, 1 0, a nd5a nda r eo f f e r e d i nav a r i e t yo f c o l o ra nds i z e . Al t ho ug he a c hme mbe rs t a t ei nFr a nc ede s i g ne d t he i ro wnc o i ns , a l l c o i nsa r ei nt e r c ha ng e a bl e
Lo n d o nEconomy,Politics,& Currency Lo ndo n’ se c o no myi so neo ft hewo r l d’ sl e a di ng f i na nc i a l ,c o mme r c i a l ,i ndus t r i a l ,a nd c ul t ur a l c e nt e r s .Nume r o usi nv e s t me ntc o mpa ni e sa nd ba nksa r ehe a dqua r t e r e dt he r ea nda sar e s ul t pr o v i deag r e a tde a lo ff i na nc i a ls e r v i c e sa nd e mpl o y me nti nLo ndo n.Thi sc i t yi sa l s oo neo f t hewo r l d’ sg r e a t e s tpo r t s ,e xpo r t i ngma nuf a c t ur e dg o o dsa ndi mpo r t i ngav a r i e t yo fv a l ua bl e s s uc ha st e a , t i mbe r , me t a l s , a ndo t he rc o ns ume r g o o ds . To ur i s mi sa l s oama j o rf a c t o ro f Lo ndo n’ s e c o no my , dr a wi ngi no v e r1 5mi l l i o nv i s i t o r s .
Thepo l i t i c a ls y s t e mi nLo ndo ni shi g hl yde pe nde nto ni t s3 2bo r o ug hs . Go v e r nme ntf unc t i o nsa r ec a r r i e do utbyc o unc i l sa s s i g ne dt oe a c hbo r o ug h who de a lwi t h ma t t e r sr e l a t e dt oe duc a t i o n,ho us i ng ,hi g hwa y s ,s o c i a l s e r v i c e s , a ndmo r e . Ac c o r di ngt oPo l i t i c s . Co . UK, “ Gr e a t e rLo ndo na l s oha sa s e c o ndt i e ro fl o c a l g o v e r nme nti nt hef o r mo ft heGr e a t e rLo ndo nAut ho r i t y . TheGLAwa sc r e a t e di n2 000i no r de rt oi mpr o v ec o o r di na t i o nbe t we e nt he bo r o ug hsa ndt og i v eLo ndo nauni f i e dv o i c e ” .Ne xti nl i nei st heMa y o ro f Lo ndo n, whos e t spo l i c i e so ns ubj e c t sl i ket r a ns po r t , bui l di ng s , c ul t ur e , a nd e nv i r o nme nt . La s t l y , t heCo r po r a t i o no fLo ndo no v e r s e e st he“ s qua r emi l e ”o f Lo ndo nwhi c hi ss t r uc t ur a l l ydi f f e r e ntf r o mt he3 2bo r o ug hs .
Lo ndo n’ sc ur r e ntc ur r e nc yi st hepo und.Ge ne r a l l y ,i ti sc o ns i de r e das t a bl e c ur r e nc y .The r ea r e1 00pe nc e( p)t ot hepo und( £) .Po undsa r ea v a i l a bl ei n de no mi na t i o nso f£5 , £1 0, £2 0a nd£5 0, a ndc o i nsa r ea v a i l a bl ei n1 p, 2 p, 5 p, 1 0p, 2 0p, 5 0p, £1a nd£2 . I nLo ndo n, o nec a ne xc ha ng ec ur r e nc ya tt hema ny bur e a udec ha ng ewhi c hc a nbef o undi ns i deba nks ,t r a v e la g e nc i e s ,t r a i n s t a t i o ns ,a i r po r t s ,o rpo s to f f i c e s .Lo ndo ne r sdo n’ ta l wa y sr e f e rt ot he i r c ur r e nc ya si ti s , y o uc a nhe a rt he ms a y“ pe e ”i ns t e a do f pe nc e , qui di sapo und, a“ f i v e r ”i saf i v epo undno t ea nda“ t e nne r ”whi c hi sat e npo undno t e .
Fa s h i o n
Cont r i but i ont o London
Par i s
t ho ugh t he r e ar e pl e nt yo fc i t i e s Oneoft hemaj orf as hi onc api t al sof Al hatar ei mpo r t antc e nt e r so ff as hi o n, t he wor l d, London has l ong t i shasbe e nt hef as hi o nc api t alo f i nf l uenc ed f as hi on and des i gner s . Par hewo r l ds i nc et he17t hc e nt ur y.The London’ sf as hi ondat esbac kt ot he t mpo r t anc eo ff as hi o ni n Par i sdat e s medi evalt i mes ,whenc i t i z enst r i ed i kt oKi ngLo ui sXI V’ sr e i gnwhe n t oemul at et hef as hi onoft heupper bac e qui r e dal lgue s t satVe r s ai l l e st o c l as s .The RoyalFami l y hasal s o her bedr e s s e di nappr o pr i at ef as hi o ns . been a gr eats our c eofi ns pi r at i on f ordes i gner sand f as hi oni s t as . Ove rt he ye ar s ,s e ams t r e s s e s and t ai l o r sgai ne dpo pul ar i t yaswe al t hy London i sc r edi t ed wi t hs t ar t i ng f o r e i gne r st r ave l e dt oPar i st oc o py numer oust r endsandc as t i ngs ome t hel at e s tf as hi o ns .Haut eCo ut ur e of t he gr eat es t des i gner s i nt o emer ge d dur i ng t he ni ne t e e nt h t he l i mel i ght . Many s ubc ul t ur es c e nt ur y as an i nno vat i ve t ake o n or i gi nat i ng i nt he c i t y have al s of as hi o n and ar t .Si nc et he n,Par i s beenani nf l uene.Thef as hi onoft he has s ho wc as e ds o me o ft he be s t Mods and t he Teddy Boys f or des i gne r s ,t r e nds , and s ho ws i n i ns t anc ec an s t i l lbe s een on t he f as hi o n hi s t o r y,e ar ni ngt het i t l eo f r unway dur i ng London Fas hi on f as hi o nc api t alo ft hewo r l d. Week.
i nPa r i s To p2 5 Ph r a s e s 1 . Bo nj o ur-He l l o 2 . Me r c i be a uc o up-Tha nky o us omuc h. 3 . Aur e v o i r-Go o dby e 4. J enec o mpr e ndspa s-Ido n’ tunde r s t a nd. 5 . J enepa r l e spa sf r a nç a i s-Ido n’ ts pe a kFr e nc h 6 . Po uv e zv o uspa r l e rpl usl e nt e me nt , s ’ i l v o uspl a i t ?-Co ul dy o u s pe a kmo r ec l e a r l y , pl e a s e ? 7 . Po uv e z v o usr e pe t e r , s ’ i l v o uspl a i t ?-Co ul dy o ur e pe a tt ha tpl e a s e ? 8 . S’ i l v o uspl a î t , j ec he r c he . . . -Pl e a s e , I ’ ml o o ki ngf o r . . . 9. Av e z v o us-Doy o uha v e . . . ? 1 0. J em’ a pe l l e-Myna mei s . . . 1 1 . Aque l l ehe ure s t ç equec e l af e r me ?-Whe ndo e si ts hut ? 1 2 . Co mbi e nç ac o ut e ?-Ho wmuc hi si t ? 1 3 . Ous o ntl e tt o i l e t t e s , s ’ i l v o uspl a i t ?-Whe r ei st het o i l e t / wa s hr o o m? 1 4. Oo hl al a ! -Ohmy ! 1 5 . Mo nc he r i -Myde a r . 1 6 . L’ a ddi t i o n, s ’ i l v o uspl a i t ?-Co ul dIha v et hebi l l pl e a s e ? 1 7 . Al ’ a e r o po r t , s ’ i l v o uspl a i t . -Tot hea i r po r tpl e a s e . 1 8 . Unet a bl epo urde uxpe r s o nne s . -Ta bl ef o r2 . 1 9. J enemes e nspa sbi e n. -I ’ mno tf e e l i ngv e r ywe l l . 2 0. No uss o mme spe r dus . -We ’ r el o s t . 2 1 . No usv o ul o nss a l l e ra . . . -Wewa ntt og ot o . . . 2 2 . J ec he r c heundi s t r i but e rdebi l l e t s . -I ’ ml o o ki ngf o ra nATM. 2 3 . Po uv e z v o usm’ a ppe l e runt a xi , s ’ i l v o uspl a î t ?Co ul dy o uc a l l mea t a xi , pl e a s e ? 2 4. No uss o mme st r e spr e s s e s / e nr e t a r d. -We ’ r ei nag r e a thur r y / l a t e . 2 5 . Que l t e mpsv a t i l f a i r ea uj o ur d’ hui ?-Wha t ’ st hewe a t he rg o i ngt o bel i ket o da y ?
Pa r i s
L o c a l F a v o r i t e si n
1 . Wi ne 2 . Che e s e 3 . S c a r v e s 4 . Es p r e s s o 5 . Ci g a r e t t e s 6 . Cr o i s s a nt s 7 . P i c ni c sb yCa na l S t . Ma r t i n 8. J a c q u e sGé ni nc ho c o l a t e s 9 . Eng l i s hwo r d si nt oy o u rc o nv e r s a t i o n 1 0. Thewo r d“ p u t a i n”=p r o s t i t u t e / d a mn
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L o c a l F a v o r i t e si n 1 . Gi n 2 . Te a 3 . Be e r 4 . P u b s 5 . Bi k e s 6 . S a u s a g e 7 . Cho c o l a t e 8. S t r e e tAr t 9 . S o u t hBa nk 1 0. F i s h&Chi p s
Pa r i s Mo nume nt s 1 . Ei f f eTo we r 2 . TheLo uv r e 3 . Ar cdeTr i o mphe 4. TheSo r bo nne 5 . Pa nt he o n
6 . Sa i ntCha pe l l e 7 . Luxe mbo ur g 8 . Sa i ntCha pe l l e 9. Le sI nv a l i de s 1 0. Ce nt r ePo mpi do u 1 1 . Ve r s a i l l e sPa l a c e 1 2 . LaCo nc i e r g e r i e 1 3 . Cha mps El y s e e s 1 4. Co nc o r deSqua r e 1 5 . No t r eDa me
Lo n d o n Mo nume nt s 1 . To we rBr i dg e 2 . Lo ndo nEy e 3 .St . J a me sPa l a c e 4. Bi gBe n 5 . We s t mi ns t e rAbbe y
6 . St . Pa ul ’ sCa t he dr a l Ho us eo fPa r l i a me nt 7 . 8 . To we ro fLo ndo n 9. Ne l s o n’ sCo l umn 1 0. Tr a f a l g a rSqua r e 1 1 . Cl e o pa t r a ’ sNe e dl e 1 2 . Pi c c a di l l yCi r c us 1 3 . Hy dePa r k Ma da meTus s a uds 1 4. 1 5 . Bucki ng ha mPa l a c e
Ev e n t s i nPa r i s
Ma y2 01 5
1 . Fo i r eduTr o ne-Ma y 2 . Ma yDa y-Ma y1 3 . Mus e umNi g ht-Ma y1 6 4. Vi c t o r yDa y-Ma y8 5 . Fe t eduPa i n-Ma y1 1 1 7
6 . Gr e a tPa r i sSt e e pl e c ha s e-Ma y1 6-1 7 7 . Fe s t i v a l Pr i nt e mpsde sRue sSt r e e tAr tFe s t i v a l -Ma y1 6 1 7 8 . Gr e a tPa r i sSt e e pl e c ha s e-Ma y1 6 1 7 9. Ta s t eo fPa r i s-Ma y2 1 2 4 1 0. Ant i qui t e sBr o c a nt ea tt heBa s t i l l eMa y7 1 7
Ev e n t s i nLo ndo n
Ma y2 01 5
1 . El e c t r i cRun-Ma y2 2 . St r e e tFe s t-Ma y3 3 . Mus e umsa tNi g ht-1 3 1 6 4. Lo ndo nPe tSho w-Ma y91 0 5 . Lo ndo nCo f f e eFe s t i v a l -Ma y1 3
6 . Br e a ki n’ Co nv e nt i o n-Ma y3 6 7 . Ope nAi rThe a t r e-Ma y1 2 Se p. 8 . Che l s e aFl o we rSho w-Ma y1 92 3 9. Lo ndo nCr a f tWe e k-Ma y6 1 0 1 0. Lo ndo nBur l e s queFe s t i v a l Ma y1 5 3 1
Pa r i s Re t a i l e r s 1 . Ga l e r i e sLa f a y e t t e
2 . Lebo nMa r c he
3 . Pr i nt e mps
4. Ma r ks& Spe nc e r
5 . Ba z a a rdel ’ Ho t e l deVi l l e
Lo n d o n Re t a i l e r s 1 . Ha r r o ds
2 . Li be r t y
3 . Se l f r i dg e s
4. De be nha ms
5 . Fe nwi c ko fBo ndSt .
Ex p l o r i n g Pa r i s Bu c k e tLi s t
1. Di s n e y l a n dPa r i s
3. Fi r s tCh a n e l s t o r e
2 . B i k et h r o u g ht h ec i t y
4. Ca t a c o mb s
5. Fr e e ’ P’ S t a r
Ex p l o r i n g Lo n d o n Bu c k e tLi s t
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Ol dOp e r a t i n gTh e a t r e 3. Do v e rS t r e e tMa r k e t 4.
5. Da u n tBo o k s
Me r c i