Rethinking Healing_Design Thinking_MARCH Thesis_FL2014

RETHINKING HEALING : A Leisure Landscape for Rejuvenation Vanessa Stockton

Vanessa Stockton

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Design Thinking FL14

Vanessa Stockton

Washington University in St. Louis

Design Thinking FL2014 Professor: Heather Woofter Teaching Assist.: Leslie Wheeler

Sam Fox School of Design + Visual Arts 3

Leisure Healing 6

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Landscape 36

Vanessa Stockton

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Design Thinking FL14

Site 48

Program 76

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Leisure Healing

Foundational Questions How can a unique architectural experience that incorporates recreation and healing change the current connotation associated with hospitals to make the experience rejuvenating, light, peaceful, and enjoyable?

How can architecture and landscape come together to promote wellness, resulting in a new notion of the leisure landscape?

Vanessa Stockton

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Design Thinking FL14

Landscape

Site Program

This space of healing re-contextualizes the social space of leisure and the traditional Western response to healthcare. It is a place that promotes healing of mind, body, and spirit through reflection, meditation, holistic therapies, and introspection. The goal of this place is to achieve balanced levels of health and wellness for individuals by designing multi-sensory environments and offering a variety of programs such as physical fitness and preventative screenings and treatments. Healing gardens will permeate the interior and occupy exterior spaces for repose and other meditative program.

Natural elements such as trees, lush vegetation, colorful flora, and flowing water will be visible from all interior spaces. At all possible instances, nature will be brought inside the building as the boundary between indoor and outdoor is diminished.

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Problem With Current Healthcare System The hospital is a staple of American healthcare. However, a proactive approach to maintaining good health can be highly beneficial in preventing future serious health conditions. As a result of routinely seeking preventative treatments and maintaining active, healthy, and well balanced lifestyles, the general health of all people will improve. Furthermore, healthier people will not need to use as many medical resources. Preventative treatments and health risk assessments that include personal and family medical history, current diagnoses and symptoms, preventative screening services, and lifestyle behaviors can help identify and manage potentially serious diseases in patients.1 People need more options where they can seek alternative and preventative healthcare treatments at a smaller, community based health and wellness facility prior to needing to visit a larger health institution such as a hospital. “The hospital, like the healthcare system, will have to evolve and become more than a destination for sick people. It will need to be integrated into a mixed use wellness district that features not only hospital centric spaces, but also elements that add to the community as a whole, serving as a catalyst for urban renewal and healthy living.�2

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Design Thinking FL14

S

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Micro Clinic

Health Food Stores

Fitness Centers Farmers Markets

HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL LIFESTYLE

Community Gardens

Health Education Clinics Recreational Parks and Trails

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Design Thinking FL14

Virtual Clinic

Current Healthcare Model

Community Care Center In Home Diagnostic and Disease Management DIAGNOSTICS/HEALTH MGMT

Hybrid Urgent/ Emergent Care Center

URGENT CARE

ACUTE CARE Inpatient Hospital

Retail Clinic

Free Standing ED

Urgent Care Center

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Mind

HEALING

HEALTH & WELLNESS

Soul

LEISURE

LANDSCAPE

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Design Thinking FL14

Body

Alternative Healthcare Models

Mokichi Okada Association (MOA) Wellness Center

Founded by Mokichi Okada in 1930s: a new healthcare system based on a new medicine which integrated the nourishing of the body, mind, and spirit; a healthy civilization in harmony with nature

MOA Locations: California (Los Angeles, Fresno); Hawaii (Hilo, Kauai, Honolulu, Maui, Honolulu); NY; Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Thailand

Goals of MOA: Integrative medicine, improve health, prevent illness, achieve higher QOL (quality of life); physical symptoms of illness as well as general aspects of health such as lifestyle and social environment 3

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MOA Wellness Centers The Mokichi Okada Association (MOA) Wellness Center was founded by Mokichi Okada in the 1930s. The aim of the center was to establish a new healthcare system based on alternative medicine which integrates the nourishing of the mind, body, and spirit. A key component to the center’s ideology is the creation of a healthy civilization that is in harmony with nature.

Goals of MOA Wellness Centers are to define an integrative medicine, improve health, prevent illness, and achieve higher quality of life by treating physical symptoms of illness as well as general aspects of health such as lifestyle and the social environment.4

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Design Thinking FL14

New York, NY Fresno, CA Los Angeles, CA Mexico City, MX Hawaii (Hilo, Kauai, Honolulu, Maui)

Japan

Thailand

Peru Brazil Chile Argentina

MOA Wellness Center Locations

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MOA Wellness Centers: Programs The Okada Health and Wellness Program (HWP) offers purifying therapy administered

by OPT practitioners, arts & culture programs with instructors, and nutritional health programs focused around natural and local food sources. Health and Wellness therapies offered at MOA incorporate healing through means of artistic exploration, nutritional counseling, and purifying treatments.

Examples of these types of therapies include seminars to teach useful health practices and home remedies, Japanese tea ceremony, farming, flower arrangement, massage therapy, reflexology, acupuncture, energy healing therapies, live music, movie screenings, and art exhibitions.5

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Design Thinking FL14

“With healthcare in such a problematic state, increased attention is being directed to integrative medicine. The concept of integrative medicine is based on the recognition that medical care centered solely on Western allopathic medicine fundamentally has a limitation, and that effectively incorporating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into a total care plan is in the best interest of the patient.�6

ABOVE: MOA Wellness Center, Hawaii UPPER RIGHT: Flower Arrangement MIDDLE RIGHT: Yoga therapy RIGHT: Cooking with GMO free, foods in the kitchen of the MOA Wellness Center in Los Angeles 17

Re-imagining a Peaceful Place The image to the left is of three women doing yoga at the MOA Wellness Center, Los Angeles location. The environment in which these women are attempting to practice a peaceful activity lacks a connection to natural elements other than a small potted plant in the corner.

Their view is of a stark, white wall with electrical outlets.

The image on the right re-imagines the space by incorporating a large, glass enclosure that maximizes views to the outdoor garden and permits ample amount of natural sunlight into the space. A water feature outside flows into the building. The experience of practicing a peaceful activity such as yoga has been transformed by the architecture to create an environment that promotes healing and a connection to nature via all of the senses.

Vanessa Stockton

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Design Thinking FL14

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Healing Qualities of Water The role of water as a life-giving element has the potential to relax, heal, and soothe our physical bodies as well as provide spiritual cleansing. As beings made up nearly entirely of water, humans are intrinsically drawn to the therapeutic sounds of running water. Having a visual connection to the natural element of water can also aid in creating a rejuvenating environment.

The landscape garden design at Richard Meier’s Getty Museum in Los Angeles is designed around a central water fountain and contains flowing water throughout the entire garden. Similarly, Carlo Scarpa utilizes flowing water as a key element to his design at the Querini Stampaglia Fondazione in Venice, Italy.

Water flows through interior and exterior spaces of the building. The affect of flowing water is especially prevalent during floods which Venice is prone to.

Richard Meier, Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA, 1984-1997

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Design Thinking FL14

Querini Stampaglia Fondazione, hand-sketch, sayumi_ cd, 2012

Querini Stampaglia Fondazione, Carlo Scarpa, Venice, Italy, 1961

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Water in Public Plazas The landscape design by Gustafson Guthrie Nichol at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation campus in Seattle is a water-focused design.

A boardwalk in the central public plaza of the campus floats above a shallow pool of water. This landscape design also takes into consideration the experience of the pedestrian moving through this tranquil oasis in the midst of a chaotic city streetscape.

This “wet� design incorporates storm-water treatment as the central reflective pool acts as a storm-water collector. A giant cistern supplies all of the water needed for the landscape, pools, and toilets. This potable water strategy contributed to the project ultimately winning LEED Platinum certification.7

Site Plan, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Gustafson Guthrie Nichol, Seattle, WA, 2008

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Design Thinking FL14

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Gustafson Guthrie Nichol, Seattle, WA, 2008

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Vanessa Stockton

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Design Thinking FL14

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Gustafson Guthrie Nichol, Seattle, WA, 2008

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Water in Public Plazas Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects designed the master plan for the mixed-use development, Porta Nuova Garibaldi, in Milan, Italy. The curved towers enclose a circular piazza, Gae Aulenti Piazza, creating a new public space that connects the buildings to their surrounding urban context.

Gae Aulenti Piazza features sculptural elements including a continuous flowing circle of seating surrounding a vast reflecting pool that is 60 meters in diameter. The pool cascades down two floors, the sound of which mitigates the noise pollution of nearby city roads. The light wells created by the void in the center of the circle allow light to penetrate down to the floors of retail space and parking below.8 The reflecting pools are just millimeters lower than the surface of the paved walkway creating a feeling of walking on water. Various sized stones and rocks add to the tranquil affect created by the natural elements.

UniCredit Building, Cesar Pelli, Milan, It, 2011

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Design Thinking FL14

UniCredit Building, Cesar Pelli, Milan, It, 2011

UniCredit Building, Cesar Pelli, Milan, It, 2011

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Reclaiming the Residual Landscape Beautification This Site is a project that was developed in 2012 on a leftover piece of landscape acquired by Katarina Jerinic through the Department of Transportation’s “Adopt-a-Highway” program. The plot is located near the off-ramp of exit 30 and the BrooklynQueens Expressway in New York. This project highlights the way in which the landscape was formed by urban, political, and natural forces, pedestrians, and cleansing of the site via weeds and trash removal. Katarina completed collages of her different visions for the potential beautification of the site.9 Katarina was able to physically and visually heal this leftover land that no one else seemed to care for. Her act of healing engaged the larger community, brining others together to view her innovative method of healing the landscape.

Vanessa Stockton

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Design Thinking FL14

Signs and Collages for Site Intervention

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Leisure Healing

Landscape

Restorative Qualities of Leisure Participating in various enjoyable leisure activities can have beneficial properties toward health implications.

Leisure activity is loosely defined as “the pleasurable activities that individuals engage in voluntarily when they are free from the demands of work or other responsibilities.�10 Such activities might include hobbies, sports, socializing, or spending time in nature. Enjoyable activities can serve to restore the mind and body and facilitate recovery from stress by replenishing depleted sources. Furthermore, leisure has been hypothesized to mitigate the damaging effects of stress.11

Vanessa Stockton

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Design Thinking FL14

Site Program

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Statistical Data on Leisure The following maps are statistical data from the US Bureau of Labor on sports and exercise. Data is broken down by region, gender, activity, and age. This data can help to outline specific types of leisure to incorporate into the proposed health and wellness center. The following data demonstrates that “those living in the Pacific, New England, and Mountain regions of the country are more likely to participate in sports or exercise activities than those in other regions.�12 Perhaps due to the land locked geographic location of Missouri, the fairly flat landscape, and/or extreme climate conditions, participation in sports or exercise is somewhat lower than other regions of the US.

All Graphs Source: American Time Use Survey, US Bureau of Labor

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Design Thinking FL14

Pacific

Mountain

West North Central

New England East North Atlantic

MidAtlantic

16% West South Central

East South South Atlantic Atlantic

Percentage of People Aged 15+ Who Engaged In Sports or Exercise Activities On An Average Day, By Region

20% 18% 16% 15% 13%

60

2-4 Hrs

20

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Mi

19% 30

10%

30

Percent

rs

40

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50

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5

10

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25%

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Alone

Family

Friends/ Neighbors/

Co-Workers

Percent Distribution of People Aged 15+ Who Engaged In Sports or Exercise Activities On An Average Day, By Sex and the Presence

Percent Distribution of Length of Time Spent Exercising of People Aged 15+ Who Engaged In Sports or Exercise Activities On An

of Others

Average Day

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Statistical Data on Leisure Analysis of the following data shows that those under 24, typically participate in group activities more so than other age groups.

Additionally, the main choice of exercise for those aged 55 and older is walking. Racquet sports was one category that had the most equal distribution of participants across all age groups. In terms of gender, men dominated more active and contact intensive sports such as football, basketball, and soccer. Women, on the other hand, dominated less intensive exercise such as yoga and aerobics. Water sports such as swimming, surfing, and water skiing were the most gender neutral activities. The last graph on the right shows that walking was the most popular exercise activity among all age groups.13

Basketball Football Soccer Baseball/Softball Dancing

Age 15-25

Bowling Running Hiking Racquet Sports Swim/Surf/Ski Weightlifting

Age 25-54

Golfing Cycling

Age 55+

Aerobics Cardiovascular Equip.

Walking Yoga 0 All Graphs Source: American Time Use Survey, US Bureau of Labor

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Design Thinking FL14

Percent

100

Percent Distribution of Age of People Aged 15+ Who Engaged In Sports or Exercise Activities On An Average Day, By Activity

Walking

Football Basketball Golfing Soccer

13.1 12.7 8.4 7.1

Basketball

Baseball/Softball

5.1

Golfing Cycling

Racquet Sports

4.1 3.2 3.1

Aerobics Bowling

Cycling

2.0 1.6

Racquet Sports Football Baseball/Softball Dancing Yoga

Weightlifting Running Hiking Bowling

Soccer

Swim/Surf/Ski

Volleyball Hiking

Cardiovascular Equip.

Dancing

1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.8

Martial Arts Equestrian

0.7 0.6

0.6 Snow Sports 0.6 Hockey 0.1

Rollerblading

Walking Yoga

Wrestling 0.1 Gymnastics 0.1

Aerobics 0

30

Weightlifting Cardiovascular Equip.

Swim/Surf/Ski Running

Percent

100

Percent Distribution of Age of People Aged 15+ Who Engaged In Sports or Exercise Activities On An Average Day, By Activity

0

5

10

15

20

Percent

25

35

Percent of People Aged 15+ Who Engaged In Sports or Exercise Activities On An Average Day, By Specific Activity

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Leisure Healing

Landscape

Restorative Qualities of the Garden The motif of the garden as a protected space, safe from destruction from the dangerous, outside world has been present in various cultures for centuries.

Gardens typically create an oasis as an multi-sensory environment where one can escape the chaos of the outside world. The garden has been an essential element to the built environment, playing a key role in the design of monasteries, private residences, cemeteries, and hospitals to name a few.14 The relationship between nature and the built form has evolved over time, becoming increasingly integrated with architecture in modern times.

Vanessa Stockton

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Design Thinking FL14

Site Program

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HEALING

HEALTH & WELLNESS

LEISURE Hanging Gardens of Semiramis: ancient city of Babylon (fable)

LANDSCAPE

Garden

Roof gardens of Rockefeller Center, NY, architects Ralph Hancock and A.M. Vanden Hock, 1933-1936 Gardens of Islam: walls of courtyard house are ruggedly forbidding to the outside world… they starkly contrast with the lavishly planted and water-rich green oasis on the inside” 15

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Design Thinking FL14

Façade Garden of Trump Tower (architect Der Scutt, 1983)

English Garden: fusion of beauty and functionality; fusion of park and landscape

Tomba Brion (1970-73), Carlo Scarpa, Veneto

Monasteries: St .Gall in Switzerland “…various forms of gardens rooms, codified the parameters of what a garden could look like at the time”16; 819-36; Italian Benedictine Abbey Praglia in Euganei Hills near Padua (1124-) Renaissance ideal of perfect form; pray and work in this type of garden; coexistence of spiritual content and the reality of day-to-day economic management -> overall concept of monasteries as well as Renaissance gardens in Italy17

Petra Blaisse: Installations/ landscape design at Seattle Public Library-> considers new ideas between nature and the built-form Peter and Anneliese Latz: landscape architects, Latz+Partners; Germany; project: Thyssen steelworks in northern Ruhr district of Germany (1994), Duisburg gardens Gardens of Alhambra in Granada (1238-)

Ancient Greece (peristyle house) and Rome (atrium house): garden combined with courtyard house; Ex. Pompejanum, Friedrich von Gartner in Aschaffenburg, 1840-48; Villa Kerylos, Emmanuel Pontremoli, Beaulieu-sur-Mer on Cap Ferrat (1902-08); Getty Villa in Malibu, Langdon and Wilson, 1993-96

Cemeteries (at the beginning of the 20th cent.): Skogskyrkogarden (forest cemetery) in Stockholm by Erik Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz (1915)

Gardens with Architectural Forms: Prague Palace Gardens (1920-35), Joze Plecnik (Slovenian architect)

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NATURE

SOCIETY

ARCHITECTURE

- NATURE IS SEPARATED FROM SOCIETY - NATURE IS INACCESSIBLE TO THE PUBLIC - NATURE IS MYSTERIOUS NATURE IS BOUNDLESS

- NATURE IS BENT BY HUMAN WILL EX. FARMING - NATURE VIEWED AS A GARDEN THAT COMBINES THE BUCOLIC WITH THE RURAL, EVERYDAY WORLD - POSSESSION OF THE LANDSCAPE

ABOVE: Into the Woods 01, Woodland, Photograph by Kilan Schonberger LEFT: Into the Woods 02, Woodland, Photograph by Kilan Schonberger Vanessa Stockton

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Design Thinking FL14

ABOVE: Cattle and Goats Drinking by a Ruin, Claude Lorrain, Oil on Canvas LEFT: Landscape With Funeral of Phocion, Nicolas Poussin, Oil on Canvas, 1648

- NATURE IS ENCLOSED

BY ARCHITECTURE WITHIN SOCIETY - NATURE IS A SACRED PLACE NEEDING TO BE PROTECTED FROM THE CHAOS OF SOCIETY EX. PUBLIC PARKS

- NATURE WITHIN ARCHITECTURE WITHIN SOCIETY - GARDENS WITHIN BUILDINGS/HOMES - BRINGING NATURE INSIDE THE ARCHITECTURE

ABOVE: Garden of Paradise, The Master of the Upper Rhine, ca. 1410 LEFT: The Golden Age, Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1530

ABOVE: House N, Sou Fujimoto, Oita, Japan, 2007 LEFT: The House of the Future, Allison and Peter Smithson, London, 1956 41

Restorative Qualities of Healing Gardens In the summer of 2011, a study was conducted to evaluate the restorative qualities of healing gardens in hospitals. Four gardens from three hospitals in Lower Austria were rated by 411 participants on qualities of appearance, restorative qualities, and six factors relevant for design; mood, well-being, nature, mysticism, tranquility, and sense of touch. Based on the findings from the study, recommendations were made for the design and redesign of future hospital gardens in order to improve the healing power provided by a recovering patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s connection to nature.18 Hospital A - Garden 1

Hospital A - Garden 2

- Psychiatric hospital with huge park (100 ha) - 7,400 inpatients in 2010 Vanessa Stockton

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- 430 hospital beds - 690 employees

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Healing results from the direct connection between the user and the natural environment.â&#x20AC;?19

Hospital B

- Orthopedic Hospital - 11,000 inpatients in 2011

- 200 hospital beds - 530 employees

Hospital C

- Opthalmologic and Urological Hospital - 11,500 inpatients in 2008

- 180 hospital beds - 450 employees 43

Hospital A - Garden 1 • • • • • • • • •

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Green Very natural Landscaped Villa Garden Shady Lawn Several Large, Old Trees Pavilion in the Center of the Lawn Deck Chairs Small Vegetable Patch

Design Thinking FL14

Hospital A - Garden 2 • • • • • • • •

New Construction Courtyard Setting Large Terrace Mainly Paved Small Trees Several Large Flower Beds Rocky Patches Low Noise Factor

Hospital B • • • • • • •

New Design Curved Path Network Big Lawn Willowy Archway Physiotherapy Path Garden High Noise Factor

Hospital C • • • • • • •

10 Year Old Space Space Previously Used for Storage Located on the Rooftop No Direct Access from Main Building Long, Steep Road to Access Garden Paved Paths Many Obstacles

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Restorative Qualities of Healing Gardens: Results Garden A1 was rated closest to the reference object, the imaginary ideal hospital garden. It was also rated significantly high for its restorative qualities compared to the other three gardens.

•

Design recommendations were established after reviewing the collected data and analysis from the study. Recommendations were given based on three factors; mood, well-being, and natural elements.20

MOOD • • • • •

Variety of Colors De-congestion of Trees to Brighten up Shady Areas Round Path Shapes Smooth Edges More Colorful Flowers

WELL-BEING • • • • •

Designed Areas for Resting Proper Amount of Shade Private Garden Rooms Signage and Visitor Information About the Garden Common Areas With Seating

NATURE • • • • Vanessa Stockton

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Design Thinking FL14

Water Feature Such as a Pond or Fountain Natural Elements Nature-Oriented Planting Adequate Shade

Source: Journal of Architectural and Planning Research

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Leisure Healing

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Design Thinking FL14

Landscape

Site Program

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Site in St. Louis The site is located in the center of the City of St. Louis, just east of Forest Park. It is bordered by a major interstate highway, I-64 to the south and a main thoroughfare through the North-South axis of the city, Kingshighway Boulevard. This site is located on Clayton Avenue across the street from Barnes-Jewish Hospital.

Development on this site can serve the needs of the residential communities of Central West End to the north and Forest Park Southeast (The Grove), both which are within immediate walking distance to the site. Additionally, the community of the large hospital campus can also receive treatments at this health and wellness facility.

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Topography The surrounding topography near the site represents many peaks and valleys as characterized by the nearby lakes in Forest Park and built up berms acting as buffers between the interstate highway and local, residential neighborhoods. The site is bordered by roads and highways. Clayton Avenue serves as the main access road to the site and continues west to Forest Park by crossing underneath the overpass of Kingshighway.

The topography of the site has changed over time as it has a history of being completely comprised of infill. Currently, the site has a high point located in the Northeast corner of the site. The topography rolls down into valleys which line the edges of the site bordering Clayton Avenue, Kingshighway, and I-64.

Fortunately, due to the history of this site as infill, there is great potential and freedom to transform the topography of the site to fit the needs of the new proposed building.

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Jefferson Lake

Clayton Ave.

way igh gsh

Kin

Bowl Lake

SITE I-64

I-64

N

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Neighborhood Context The immediate surrounding neighborhoods are Forest Park to the west, Central West End to the north, and Forest Park Southeast (The Grove) to the south. Both Central West End and The Grove have residential, business, and commercial districts. However, Central West End is a much more thriving, higher density neighborhood due to the presence of BarnesJewish Hospital. The north-south axis can generally be defined as residential.

The West to East axis through the site is comprised of leisure and landscape amenities of Forest Park to the west and Wash U research facilities as well as the future technology district of Cortex to the east. The site sits central to this rich urban fabric which weaves together a wide range of community services and various building typologies.

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FOREST PARK

way igh

gsh Kin

CENTRAL WEST END

SITE I-64

THE GROVE N

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Leisure Activities in Forest Park Forest Park opened in 1876 and was the location of the 1904 Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Fair. It is the 6th most visited U.S. urban park, boasting of 13 million visitors annually. There are 45,000 trees located within the 1,371 acre public park.

Some of the park attractions include the Missouri History Museum, St. Louis Art Museum, St. Louis Zoo, St. Louis Science Center, The Muny outdoor musical theater, greenhouses, numerous athletic fields, lakes for fishing and boating, a tennis center, Steinberg Skating Rink, and much more.21

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St. Louis History Museum

The Muny

St. Louis Art Museum

St. Louis Zoo

SITE Greenhouses

Science Center

N

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BJC Hospital Siteman (North) Cancer Center for Center Advanced Medicine Children’s Hospital Children’s Clinical Emergency Science &McDonnell Research Pediatric Research Children’s Hospital BJC Institute of Garage Health at WashU Adult Emergency & Trauma

Healthcare Facilities in Central West End Barnes-Jewish Hospital located in Central West End just north of the site, is consistently ranked as one of America’s top hospitals. For 22 years straight, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine have ranked among the best hospitals in America

by U.S. News & World Report.22 The hospital campus is comprised of various hospitals including St. Louis Children’s Hospital and Adult Emergency Trauma wing. There are also several specialty medical offices and research centers such as McDonnell Pediatric Research Center and Siteman Cancer Center. In 2013, BJC employed over 9,000 people, had 1,762 attending physicians, over 54,000 inpatient admissions, 19,000 inpatient surgeries, and nearly 22,000 outpatient surgeries.23

South Garage

SITE

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g Kin

G

BJC Hospital (South)

y wa

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I-64

BJC Hospital SITE

y wa

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I-64

N

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The Grove Community The Grove is a thriving business and residential district in Forest Park Southeast that offers a diverse array of services including restaurants, bars, salons, tattoo parlors, book stores, and much more. The Grove also offers a few health and wellness facilities including Companion Care Services, a health care center for seniors, community healthcare provider Preferred Family Health Care Center, and a yoga studio, Urban Breath Yoga.

Other community based resources in The Grove district include Beyond Housing, provider for low-income housing, Midtown Catholic Charities, Herbert Hoover Boys & Girls Club, and LGBT Center of St. Louis among others.24

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Urban Breath Yoga

SITE

Beyond Housing

venue ster A

e Manch

Companion Care Services LGBT Center of St. Louis

Midtown Catholic Charities

Herbert Hoover Boys & Girls Club

Preferred Family Healthcare (Drug Rehab Center)

N

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View of Site Looking Northeast

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View From Site Looking South Towards I-64

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Reconstructing Connections The site is ultimately an extension of Forest Park. It exists at a pivotal location, connecting the natural elements of Forest Park to the large hospital campus of Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and crossing over I-64 to the residential neighborhood of Forest Park Southeast. The connecting path starts at the high point of the pedestrian bridge extending from Forest Park Southeast, and gradually descends down through the site leading to Forest Park as one crosses under the overpass of Kingshighway.

There is an opportunity to alter the existing circulation to be more fluid and seamless, engaging the interior of the site rather than remaining on the perimeter. By reconstructing this connection, the public (joggers, walkers, bikers) can potentially be drawn into the site and the public component of the building. By extending the natural elements of Forest Park, we can mend the connection cut off by the highway.

Proposed: Path Reconstructed

Option A

Option B 1

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Option C 2

Existing Path

FOREST PARK

4

3

2

1

THE GROVE 3

4

67

W

Forest Park

Kingshighway

BJC Hospital/ SITE

550â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

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WashU Med School/ Research Centers

E

WashU Med School/ Research Centers

Cortex District

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S

The Grove

I-64 & Pedestrian Bridge

SITE/ Forest Park Beyond

541â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

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Clayton Ave.

N

Hudlin Park/ BJC South Garage

BJC Hospital

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Buffer/Noise Reduction

Trees

View to Nature

Covered Walkway

Scale

A sense of protection created by being in a smaller, enclosed space might alter oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience when viewing natural elements. Similarly, the experience walking down a pathway might be dramatically different when that walkway is covered, lined with trees, or completely open.

Connection to Nature

The spatial study diagrams outline a few considerations to take into account when thinking of spatial arrangement, visual and physical connection to natural elements, and mediation of potential issues with noise and air pollution due to the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proximity to I-64.

Walkways

Spatial Studies

HIGHWAY

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Proximity to Garden

Narrow/Short

Within

HIGHWAY

PUBLIC SPACE

HIGHWAY

Public Space

Thick Wall

View to Sky

Limited View

Alley of Trees

Open

Wide/Short

Close

Narrow/Tall

Distant

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Sectional Studies These sectional studies explore the potential relationships between the built form, the natural environment, and the landscape. The project design aims to create a fluid experience of both architecture and nature. Healing gardens, vegetation, water features, and other natural elements should be visible from all spaces within the building. More intimate spaces for specific programs requiring a certain level of privacy can potentially be located on a lower level underground, while still maintaining a visual connection to nature by manipulating the topography of the landscape. Atria and indoor/outdoor spaces can begin to bring natural elements into the enclosed spaces of the building.

A1

B1

C1

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A2

A3

B2

B3

C2

C3

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Leisure Healing

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Landscape

Site Program

Integrative Programs This health and wellness center will incorporate integrative medicine to improve health, prevent illness of patients, and aid them in achieving a higher quality of life. Physical symptoms of illness as well as general aspects of health such as lifestyle and social environment will be addressed by the programs offered at this facility.

Therapies centered around arts and culture, food, nutrition, fitness, and massage will help to restore peace of mind, body and soul.

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Range of Programs Offered at New Health and Wellness Facility

Community Care Center

Fitness Center

Meditation Yoga

HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL LIFESTYLE

Community Gardens

Health Education Clinics Recreational Parks and Trails

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Diagnostic and Disease Management

Proposed Healthcare Model

Massage Therapy Hydrotherapy

DIAGNOSTICS/HEALTH MGMT

Hybrid Urgent/ Emergent Care Center

URGENT CARE

ACUTE CARE Inpatient Hospital

Acupuncture Nutrition Counseling

Free Standing ED

Urgent Care Center

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Health and Wellness Programs The activities provided by the health and wellness center will fall under the spectrum of active, less active, and passive. Size of user groups will range from solitary, more personal treatments to larger group activities to promote community. People can participate in more intimate healing activities such as private meditation, hydrotherapy, and massage therapy. Other activities can be enjoyed in a larger, group atmosphere such as fitness training, cooking classes, and group yoga classes. Many of the programs at this health and wellness center will incorporate both small and large group settings.

LESS ACTIVE

Cooking Nutrition Counseling Acupuncture Gardening Yoga Arts Preventative Screenings

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Meditation Hydrotherapy Massage

Running Biking Weight Lifting

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Program Matrix

PASSIVE • •

MEDITATION ROOMS MASSAGE THERAPY

• •

MEDITATION ROOMS WATER THERAPY

•

WATER THERAPY

• •

YOGA NUTRITION COUNSELING COOKING CLASSES COMMUNITY GARDENING ART WORKSHOPS

• •

YOGA NUTRITION COUNSELING COOKING CLASSES COMMUNITY GARDENING ART WORKSHOPS

LESS ACTIVE • • •

ACUPUNCTURE NUTRITION COUNSELING PREVENTATIVE SCREENING SERVICES

• • •

• • •

WEIGHT TRAINING RUNNING/BIKING

• •

WEIGHT TRAINING RUNNING/BIKING

LARGE GROUP

• •

SMALL GROUP

SOLITARY

ACTIVE • •

WEIGHT TRAINING RUNNING/BIKING

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Environment of Relaxation Regeneration begins with cleansing, followed by transformation. The environment of relaxation will begin with a regeneration of the site as well as of the soul in which the program of the architecture serves to rejuvenate the mind, body, and spirit. A place that is visually appealing and evokes positive memories can add to an overwhelming since of ease and calmness. The design and function of the environment is essential to reducing stress and creating a place of relaxation. The multi-sensory elements present in this setting allow one to travel to a pleasurable state of mind, facilitating an emotional vacation from the daily stresses of city life.

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Health and Wellness Programs The large, main areas of the health and wellness facility are a spa, gym, workshops, and a park. Smaller programs such as a healing garden, hydrotherapy, and yoga studio will be nested within the larger, main areas. Even smaller spaces for more private, single occupation uses such as meditation spaces, massage therapy rooms, and preventative screening rooms will be housed within the mid-sized areas.

The size of the program spaces is indicated by the size of the square program blocks in the diagram below. The density of program occupation will also vary from solitary use to small groups to larger groups. This is denoted by the density of lines in the program blocks in the diagram below.

Spa

Yoga, Arts

Gym, Workshops

Park

Hydrotherapy, Weight Lifting

Healing Garden, Running, Biking

Meditation, Massage, Screening Rooms Acupuncture Nutrition Counseling Vanessa Stockton

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Gardening, Cooking

Program: Lateral Weaving

Running/Biking

GYM

Yoga

Weight Lifting

Preventative Screening Rooms Hydrotherapy

PARK

Massage

SPA Healing Garden

Hydrotherapy Massage

Acupuncture Hydrotherapy

Healing Garden Healing Garden

Arts

Meditation

Cooking

Healing Garden

Workshops

Nutrition Counseling

Healing Garden Gardening

Gardening

Meditation

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Program: Lateral Weaving

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Indoor/Outdoor Cafe and Healing Court

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Running/Biking

Healing Garden

Arts Cooking

Screening Rooms

Healing Garden

Nutrition Counseling

Workshops

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Yoga

Healing Ga

Gardening Gardening

Park

Program: Sectional Weaving

Yoga Massage

arden

Running/Biking

Yoga

Meditation Acupuncture

Hydrotherapy

Healing Garden

Lockers

Hydrotherapy

Spa

Weight Lifting

Lockers

Gym

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Material and Spatial Studies To the right is a series of physical model studies exploring variations in spatial arrangement and material qualities. Qualities of hardness and softness were examined in terms of materiality and openness of spaces. Walls can be screened, partial height, or translucent to create an experiential quality of openness and soft light while simultaneously defining separate spaces for varying programs. Partition walls, materials, spaces, and programs can overlap resulting in a seamless and continuous architectural experience. These studies explored various techniques of bringing nature within the architecture and having the programmed spaces being open to nature.

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1 1. Translucent/Soft 2. Ventriculated/Soft+Hard 3. Low Walls/Open/Hard+Soft 4. Aperture/Soft

2

3

4

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References Notes 1. Couvillion, Mason, Shannon Kraus, Lindsey Waters. “Population Health: The Health and Wellness of People and Communities.”

AIA Academy of Architecture For Health: Academy Journal 2013. Web. 30 October 2014.

2. Couvillion, Mason, Shannon Kraus, Lindsey Waters. “Population Health: The Health and Wellness of People and Communities.”

AIA Academy of Architecture For Health: Academy Journal 2013. Web. 30 October 2014.

3. MOA International. MOA International, 2009. Web. 30 September 2014.

4. MOA International. MOA International, 2009. Web. 30 September 2014.

5. MOA International. MOA International, 2009. Web. 30 September 2014.

6. MOA International. MOA International, 2009. Web. 30 September 2014.

7. Anderson, Betsy. “Share the Wealth.” Landscape Architecture Magazine November 2014: 116. Print 8. Milan Walks. Milano4You, “Skyscrapers and the New Business District.” 2013. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.

9. Jerinic, Katarina. Beautification This Site. 2012. Web. 25 October 2014.

10. Baum, Andrew, Sheldon Cohen, Lynn Martire, Karen A. Matthews, Sarah Pressman, Michael Scheier, and Richard Schulz.

“Association of Enjoyable Leisure Activities With Psychological and Physical Well-Being.” US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, 10 Jul 2009. Web. 23 November 2014.

11. Baum, Andrew, Sheldon Cohen, Lynn Martire, Karen A. Matthews, Sarah Pressman, Michael Scheier, and Richard Schulz.

“Association of Enjoyable Leisure Activities With Psychological and Physical Well-Being.” US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, 10 Jul 2009. Web. 23 November 2014.

12. US Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Sports and Exercise,” May 2008. Web. 22 November 2014.

13. US Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Sports and Exercise,” May 2008. Web. 22 November 2014.

14. Kraftner, Johann, The Elegant Garden: Architecture and Landscape of the World’s Finest Gardens (New York: Rizzoli, 2012).

15. Kraftner, Johann, The Elegant Garden: Architecture and Landscape of the World’s Finest Gardens (New York: Rizzoli, 2012).

P.7.

16. Kraftner, Johann, The Elegant Garden: Architecture and Landscape of the World’s Finest Gardens (New York: Rizzoli, 2012).

P.8 17. Kraftner, Johann, The Elegant Garden: Architecture and Landscape of the World’s Finest Gardens (New York: Rizzoli, 2012).

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18. Cervinka, Renate, Isabella Hammerle, and Kathrin Roderer, “Evaluation of Hospital Gardens and Implications for Design: Benefits from Environmental Psychology for Architecture and Landscape Planning”, Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, Vol. 1, no. 1 (Spring 2014) (New York : Elsevier).

19. Cervinka, Renate, Isabella Hammerle, and Kathrin Roderer, “Evaluation of Hospital Gardens and Implications for Design: Benefits from Environmental Psychology for Architecture and Landscape Planning”, Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, Vol. 1, no. 1 (Spring 2014) (New York : Elsevier).

20. Cervinka, Renate, Isabella Hammerle, and Kathrin Roderer, “Evaluation of Hospital Gardens and Implications for Design: Benefits from Environmental Psychology for Architecture and Landscape Planning”, Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, Vol. 1, no. 1 (Spring 2014) (New York : Elsevier).

21. Forest Park Forever. Forest Park Forever. Web. 22 November 2014.

22. Barnes-Jewish Hospital. Barnes-Jewish Hospital BJC HealthCare, 1997-2014. Web. 22 November 2014.

23. Barnes-Jewish Hospital. Barnes-Jewish Hospital BJC HealthCare, 1997-2014. Web. 22 November 2014.

24. The Grove STL. The Grove STL. Web. 22 November 2014.

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References Primary Sources Cros, Susana and Manuel Gausa, The Metapolis Dictionary of Advanced Architecture: City, Technology, and Society in the

Information Age (Barcelona: Actar, 2003).

Iliescu, Sanda, The Hand and the Soul: Aesthetics and Ethics in Architecture and Art (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2009).

Kraftner, Johann, The Elegant Garden: Architecture and Landscape of the World’s Finest Gardens (New York: Rizzoli, 2012).

Miller, Mara, The Garden as an Art (Albany: State University of New York Press, c1993).

Neville, Susan, Sailing the Inland Sea: On Writing, Literature, and Land (Bloomington: Quarry Books/Indiana University Press, c2007).

Secondary Sources Anderson, Betsy. “Share the Wealth.” Landscape Architecture Magazine November 2014: 116. Print Barnes-Jewish Hospital. Barnes-Jewish Hospital BJC HealthCare, 1997-2014. Web. 22 November 2014.

Baum, Andrew, Sheldon Cohen, Lynn Martire, Karen A. Matthews, Sarah Pressman, Michael Scheier, and Richard Schulz.

“Association of Enjoyable Leisure Activities With Psychological and Physical Well-Being.” US National Library of

Medicine National Institutes of Health, 10 Jul 2009. Web. 23 November 2014.

Christianson, Jon B., Debra A. Draper, Ann Tynan. “Health and Wellness: The Shift from Managing Illness to Promoting Health.”

Center for Studying Health System Change. June 2008. Web. 1 Nov. 2014.

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Cervinka, Renate, Isabella Hammerle, and Kathrin Roderer, “Evaluation of Hospital Gardens and Implications for Design:

Benefits from Environmental Psychology for Architecture and Landscape Planning”, Journal of Architectural and

Planning Research, Vol. 1, no. 1 (Spring 2014) (New York : Elsevier).

Couvillion, Mason, Shannon Kraus, Lindsey Waters. “Population Health: The Health and Wellness of People and Communities.”

AIA Academy of Architecture For Health: Academy Journal 2013. Web. 30 October 2014.

Forest Park Forever. Forest Park Forever. Web. 22 November 2014.

Jerinic, Katarina. Beautification This Site. 2012. Web. 25 October 2014.

Keller, Caitlin. “Mokichi Okada Assn. Wellness Center in West L.A.” Los Angeles Times. 1 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Sep. 2014.

Milan Walks. Milano4You, “Skyscrapers and the New Business District.” 2013. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.

MOA International. MOA International, 2009. Web. 30 September 2014.

MOA Hawaii. Web. 30 September 2014 The Grove STL. The Grove STL. Web. 22 November 2014.

US Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Sports and Exercise,” May 2008. Web. 22 November 2014.

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References Photo Credits COVER: Collage by Vanessa Stockton PAGE 13: Photograph. MOA Hawaii. Web. 30 September 2014. http://www.moahawaii.org/wellness-center/ PAGE 14: Photograph. MOA Wellness Center, Aug. 2011. Web. 30 September 2014. http://www.moawellness.org/photo-gallery/ category/9-orange-county-open-house-august-2011.html PAGE 17: 1. Photograph. MOA Hawaii. Web. 30 September 2014. http://www.moahawaii.org/ 2-4. Photographs. MOA Wellness Center, Aug. 2011. Web. 30 September 2014. http://www.moawellness.org/index.php PAGE 18: Photographs. MOA Wellness Center, Aug. 2011. Web. 30 September 2014. http://www.moawellness.org/index.php PAGE 20: Photograph. Web. 20 October 2014. http://www.minhchauvinh.com/weblog/?s=museum PAGE 21: 1. Hand Sketch. Web. 20 October 2014. http://sayumicortesdalmaut.wordpress.com/2012/07/20/arrivedercci-venezia/samsungdigital-camera-164/ 2. Photograph. Web. 20 October 2014. http://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/4125933/list/a-venetian-courtyard-shows-mastery-inthe-details PAGE 22: Site Plan. Anderson, Betsy. “Share the Wealth.” Landscape Architecture Magazine November 2014: 116. Print PAGE 23: Photograph. Anderson, Betsy. “Share the Wealth.” Landscape Architecture Magazine November 2014: 116. Print PAGE 24-25: Photograph. Anderson, Betsy. “Share the Wealth.” Landscape Architecture Magazine November 2014: 116. Print PAGE 26-27: Vanessa Stockton PAGE 28-29: Photograph. Katarina Jerini. Web. 20 October 2014. http://www.katarinajerinic.com/beautificationthissite.htm PAGE 39: Photograph. Web. 18 November 2014. http://www.nybg.org/media/press_images.php?id_press_image_collection=79 PAGE 40: 1-2: Photographs. Web. 18 November 2014. http://www.kilianschoenberger.de/ 3. Photograph. Web. 30 September 2014. Wikigallergy.org 4. Photograph. Web. 30 September 2014. http://www.book530.com/painting/21288/Nicolas-Poussin-Landscape-with-Funeral-of. html 5. Photograph. Web. 30 September 2014. https://artmundus.wordpress.com/2010/05/20/stairway-to-heaven/ Vanessa Stockton

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6. Photograph. Web. 30 September 2014. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/The_Golden_Age.jpg 7. Photograph. Web. 18 November 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/7484/house-n-sou-fujimoto/1535055289_house-nfujimoto-4738/ 8. Photograph. Web. 20 October 2014. http://www.undo.net/it/mostra/18953 PAGE 42-45: Photographs. Cervinka, Renate, Isabella Hammerle, and Kathrin Roderer, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Evaluation of Hospital Gardens and Implications for Design: Benefits from Environmental Psychology for Architecture and Landscape Planningâ&#x20AC;?, Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, Vol. 1, no. 1 (Spring 2014) (New York : Elsevier).

PAGE 48-49: Google Earth PAGE 62-67: Vanessa Stockton PAGE 82-83: Collage by Vanessa Stockton PAGE 86-87: Collage by Vanessa Stockton PAGE 90-91: Collage by Vanessa Stockton PAGE 92-93: Photographs of Study Models by Vanessa Stockton

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