Imagine Narnia 2040 - Comprehensive Plan of Narnia, Florida by Vasanth Mayil

Imagine Narnia 2040 Comprehensive Plan of Narnia, Florida May, 2020

Note from the Mayor

Acknowledgments Jay-Z

Executive of the City of Narnia Dear citizens, I am pleased to present Imagine Narnia 2040, the comprehensive plan for the city of Narnia. This plan acts as the primary vision for the city of Narnia for the next 20 years. The plan stems from the needs of the Narnia community through a carefully drafted five-year community process. The plan acts as the key document addressing community development issues and the future needs for the upcoming 20 years. We, as citizens of Narnia act as the bridge between the learnings from the past and the beginnings of a bright future. But, we are at a critical time in history where climate change has caused a huge wave of environmental and social issues, displacing people from their homes and livelihoods. This has led to a growing need and responsibility to accommodate the population of these climate refugees in the city of Narnia. This could only be achieved through thoughtful and inclusive land use planning and development. The new direction envisioned in Imagine Narnia 2040 ensures Narnia as a resilient city with a wide variety of economic, social and cultural opportunities with the best quality of life. This could only be achieved, through the continuous efforts and commitment of all Narnians, working together, to ensure the enhanced quality of life.

Beyonce

Chair of the City of Narnia Legislature

Will Smith

Mayor of the City of Narnia

GTA Planning Consultancy Chongyuan Wang Community Development Planner

Eunji Kang Senior Economist

Vasanth Mayilvahanan

Prepared with the assistance of:

Urban Design Consultant

Ph.D. AICP, Adjunct Professor Columbia University GSAPP

Wei Zhang

Prof. Jonathan Martin

Senior Land Use & Zoning Consultant

Xifan Wang Senior Policy Consultant

This report may not be reprinted or reproduced without written permission of the City of Narnia Department of Planning.

Published by GTA Planning Consultancy 1172 Amsterdam Avenue

Sincerely,

All tables, charts, maps, and policies are adapted from Hypothetical City Workbook III, Fifth Edition and, Urban Land Use Planning, Fifth Edition.

New York, New York 10027 Design & Layout by

The information contained herein is fictional. Any appearance to actual characters, places, or events are entirely coincidental. Will Smith Mayor of Narnia

GTA Planning Consultancy Copyright ÂŠ 2020 City of Narnia Narnia City Council 12345, 67th Street, Miami Gardens, FL 33056 Tel. 786.987.6543

Credits The City of Narnia would like to thank the citizens of Narnia for their active participation in envisioning a plan for the City of Narnia. The community members of the S.M.A.R.T. (Settlement for Miami Area Resilience Transition) program and other volunteers deserve a separate round of applause for their sincere and consistent efforts. The City of Narnia would also like to thank Prof. Jonathan Martin, Ph.D. AICP, instructor of the Land Use Planning course at Columbia University GSAPP for his consultation and constructive inputs in assisting with the plan and putting together the Comprehensive Plan as a physical document. Finally, this wouldn’t have been achieved without the trust and the efforts of the communities of the City of Narnia.

Contents

Overview Introduction Narnia’s Vision Plan Outreach and Participation Process

01 03 07 09

Narnia Today: State of Community Report Population Economy Housing and Living Existing Land Use and Growth Patterns Environment Urban/Community Conditions Infrastructure

11 13 15 17 19 21 24 25

The Vision of Imagine Narnia 2040: Direction Setting Goals and Objectives Framework Objectives and Policies

27 29 31

Suitability: Areawide Land Policy Plan Land Suitability Analysis Alternative Scenarios for Development Areawide Land Policy Plan

33 35 41 43

Community-wide Land Use Design Introduction Land Use Design Rationale Community-wide Land Use Design Highlights Policies

45 47 48 49 53 56

Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center Development: Small Area Plan Introduction Goals of the Plan Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center Plan Design Guideline

57 59 61 63 66

Implementation: Development Management Plan Introduction Summary of Recommendations Implementation

67 69 70 75

Appendix

Executive Summary

The City of Narnia is located in South Florida at a distance of 16 miles north of downtown Miami. The neighborhood is known for its diverse set of residents comprising a majority of African-Americans and Hispanic populations with an economy based on service industries. Shaped by modernization, there is a significant increase in educated individuals in recent times, providing more opportunities for development. But, South Florida has been facing substantial issues in terms of climate-related problems such as seal level rising and flooding. Further, the City of Narnia is a fast-growing city that is predicted to double in population from the current 10,000 to 20,000 in the next 20 years ( by 2040) due to climate migration. This is a major hurdle and also an opportunity for a bright, resilient, and sustainable future. Due to the growth in population, there is a significant need to restructure the economy, public infrastructure, and land use and growth patterns. This gives us the opportunity to identify existing issues in the community and the scope for a better future to accommodate the growing population. Further, there is an opportunity to integrate institutional research within the programming of the new vision for the city owing to the increasing educated professionals in the city. Finally, the proximity to Miami and the increase in population provides us the opportunity to improve regional connectivity and develop liveable neighborhoods for a successful Narnia. In January 2020, the Mayor of the City of Narnia initiated a proposal to develop a comprehensive plan for Narnia called ‘Imagine Narnia 2040’. The Mayor recognized the need to accommodate the growing population through effective Land Use Planning strategies. In collaboration with Prof. Jonathan Martin, Ph.D. AICP, Adjunct Professor at Columbia University GSAPP, the GTA Planning Consultancy was hired to develop a comprehensive plan that would incorporate the principles of sustainability, connectivity, liveability, equity and quality development for a Resilient Narnia. The ‘Imagine Narnia 2040’ document seeks to be a flexible document representing the goals and the visions of the community to guide future growth and development for a successful Narnia. To accomplish this, the document is organized around the following categories:

• Narnia Today: State of Community Report A detailed description of existing and emerging conditions of the population, economic conditions, housing and living conditions, land use and growth patterns, environmental conditions and infrastructure. The report also provides a forecast for planning based on the analysis of the existing conditions. • The Vision of Imagine Narnia 2040: Direction Setting Goals and Objectives This section provides a vision statement as a framework of goals, objectives, and other coordinated policies to implement the scenarios that best achieve this vision. • Suitability: Areawide Land Policy Plan Includes a Land Suitability Analysis that identifies areas in Narnia that are suitable for growth. It also provides information about general land classifications and alternative scenarios for development.

• Community-wide Land Use Design A more narrow focus on the areawide land policy plan. It focuses on specific neighborhoods in Narnia that are targeted for growth. This section also provides a set of design guidelines and rationale for land use design based on the vision.

• Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center Development: Small Area Plan A detailed plan that demonstrates the spatial arrangements of detailed land use and physical design guidelines. This includes a plan for the research center and other street design guidelines. • Implementation: Development Management Plan This section outlines the management, regulations, public investments, and other policies that the community will follow to guide the implementation process for the development of Narnia.

Overview

Overview introduces the location of Narnia, outlines the

plan development history, and describes the vision of the future Narnia in 2040.

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Introduction Introduction and Regional Connection The Narnia is located near the city of Miami in South Florida within the Miami Metropolitan area. The Narnia is situated 16 miles north of downtown Miami within the Miami-Dade County. The location is also in close proximity to the I-95 expressway toll road junction.

Figure 1: Miami and Narnia Location

The township is a rectangular area that spans eight miles wide from east to west and ten miles long from north to south. The entire township contains eight square miles or 51,400 acres of land area. Most of this land area is either vacant, or taken by forest cover, agricultural land and water bodies.

The incorporated city, where most of the residents live is located in the center of the planning area covering an approximate 2.5 square miles or 1,696 acres of land area.

The planning area within the township is called as the Narnia Planning Area, which is the primarily inhabited area. Only about 15 percent of the Township comprises of the Narnia Planning area. The Narnia Planning area is a square of 3.5 miles on each side with a total area of 12.25 square miles or 7,806 acres.

Figure 2: Narnia Township and Planning Area Districts

Narnia

03 lla

lha

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il Ra

Sesame Stree

a ari

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

e Str

Seno rita Stree t

Fury Interstate Road

5 mi

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Introduction Figure 4: State Location

Global Position

State Location

Longitude: 80.2456Â° W

Florida: South East extremity of U.S.A.

Latitude: 25.9420Â° N

Narnia: North end of Miami-Dade County

182 miles from Bahamas

Closest Major City: Miami

330 miles from Cuba

16 miles north of Downtown Miami

Figure 3: Global Position 182 mi

Narnia

05 330 mi

Narnia

Miami-Dade County

50 mi

Narnia

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

50 mi

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Miami-Dade County

50 mi

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Narnia Visions

Narnia has a vision for the future.

A Regional Common Vision: A Sustainable Future South Florida has long been haunted with the resiliency building challenges as climate change related issues such as flooding and sea level rising become serious. The Miami metropolitan area is at the center of this transitioning storm and thus launched a program called S.M.A.R.T. (Settlement for Miami Area Resilience Transition) as a solution. The core value of the program is based on common recognition of regional vulnerability to climate crisis with the primary task to serve the areas subject to it.

Community Vision: A Resilient Future for all

Knowing that the endeavor to build a sustainable future under stress of climate change would require extensive coordination and alignment of hundreds of stakeholder and organizations, the region established a vision to guide development. Every meeting and discussion deals directly with the effort to become economically, environmentally, and culturally sustainable.

Taking the lead for solving the climate migration challenge that Miami-Dade County is facing, and as part of the regional long-term climate change adaptation program in South Florida, the city is striving to launch a pilot planning project as a replicable example for areas around. The planning committee, together with the planners and local authorities, looked into citizens’ reflection on their experiences living in Narnia and created a strong Vision that evolved into the following statement:

This vision is about anchoring resiliency as the core value, improving and strengthening the community, and making the city a place for all as it opens its doors to new residents and visitors without diminishing the

values and lifestyles of its current residents. The statement is particularly strong that it emphasized openness not only ethnical but also generational as a guiding philosophy.

With climate migration as a challenge and a unique opportunity to create a city promoting natural harmony, fostering inclusion, and working together for future generations.

Planning History 07

08 Construction of I-95 & middle- and upper-income African American and West Indian American families’ migration from Miami

Late 1960s

Prohibitted low-income housing developments to prevent crime and recreational drugs, which resulted in decline of city’s tax revenues

May 13,1973

2007

City’s incorporation within Miami-Dade County

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

2011

Community redevelopment agency (CRA) proposed by Mayor Oliver Gilbert to remove “slum and blight”, to improve the physical environment of the city and to combat the social and economic problems typical of slum areas

2012

Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy

Community-wide Land Use Design

2019 Annual Action Plan

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Plan Outreach and Participation Process

The Team

External Resources 09

The City of Narnia established a Planning Team, in which the GTA planning consultancy group plays the role of planning professionals, to provide guidance and a strategic framework to lead development. The GTA planning consultancy group worked together with multi-disciplinary professionals from around the country and created this plan for Narnia, Florida. The Planning Team aims to complete a comprehensive planning process that facilitates community participation. Team members work diligently to conduct design analysis, coordinate planning and design recommendations, and distill the findings into a legible Plan.

Other members on the planning team include Mayor, City staff, and community representatives. Mayor is playing a leadership role as advisor to the City and as the liaison to potential corporate partners. City staff guided the work of the planners, informed the community and educated City officials and project teams about the plan and important next steps. City staff provided ongoing leadership in a time when the strong direction was needed and acted as a constant advisor for the planning work.

Narnia’s location in the Miami metropolitan area provides both challenges and opportunities for its future development. Holding regional connectivity as one of the plan’s principles, the planning team has done valuable outreach to external resources. The list of external resources and their input to this work is worth mentioning here.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continues to give their time and expertise.

South Florida’s Long-term Climate Change Adaptation Program helped establish a community process and a start point for redevelopment. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the sole science agency for the U.S. Department of the Interior established its partnership with Hogwarts Climate Research Center. Notably, the Climate Research and Development Program in USGS continues to contribute its natural science expertise and its vast data holdings to support this plan.

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s engineers and practitioners have developed studies for renewable energy options and provided ongoing efficiency advice. Lastly, nonprofit groups and community organizations have emerged as an on-theground resource for renewable energy training education and training programs. They helped organize and speak for the ideas and needs from a community-based perspective.

Community Engagement

Narnia values the process of planning and coming together to envision a common goal. Public Involvement was at the heart of this planning work, and the planning team incorporated public feedback into every step of the process.

The planning team is grateful for the fact that hundreds of citizen stakeholders gave their time and input to make this plan a reflection of the community’s goals and values.

Outcome of Community Process

The planning team learned a great deal about Narnia from discussions with community members. Many of the concerns and issues will be covered in depth throughout this document as they set the tone for inclusive development. Particularly there is a broad acknowledgment of Narnia being connected to the Miami Metropolitan area and as strong support for regional climate resiliency progress. The majority feels closely united as members of Narnia communities and sensors a concern with regards to the projected newcomers in the near future, especially the issue with a sense of belonging.

The planning team looked into citizens’ reflection on their experiences living in Narnia and created a strong Community vision: A resilient future for all and evolved into a statement. This vision is about anchoring resiliency as the core value, improving and strengthening the community, and making the City a place for all as it opens its doors to new residents and visitors without diminishing the values and lifestyles of its current residents. 10

Process Existing conditions/ fact research Facts and measurements

Planning Professionals

Direction setting and Charrettes Community members

Meetings

Agreement and refining details

Implementation

Test scenarios

City

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Narnia Today

Narnia has been a city of ideas and strong ideals for cen-

turies. Today, Imagine Narnia 2040 builds on the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strengths - including its dynamic economy, diverse population, and recent growth - to address key challenges.

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

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Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

15-29

25.9%

21.3%

0-14 15-29 30-44

21.3%

Population 20.2%

30-44 45-64 65+

The township population is projected to double in the next 20 years to a total township population of 22,000.

45-64 65+

20.2%

9th - 12th Grade

9.5% 19.5%

• Climate Refugees Though there has been minimal migration in the recent past, the trend is going to be towards a higher influx of people due to the climate crisis. With most of Miami expected to face flooding issues, the population growth is going to be steered by the influx of climate refugees. • Senior Population Despite the growing younger population there is a huge existing senior population. With an already high median age there is going to be a higher demand for affordable housing, facilities and services. • Younger Population Since the Younger population is projected to grow in the coming years, there is an opportunity to use them to carry out research activities and other services attached to it. • Diversity It is important to understand the ethnic backgrounds of the local population to be able to accommodate services associated with their way of living.

Chart 2: Population Growth Chart 25,000 22,000

20,000 16,500

15,000 11,000 10,000

13,500 5,500

5,000

2,500

3,000

n2 02 0

Less than 9th Grade

10.8%

The current population of the Narnia Less than 9th Grade Township area is 11,000 which includes 10,000 19.5% 9.9% 8.4% 0-14School Graduate 0-14 High 9th - 12th Grade 9.5% city residents. The majority of the residents re15-29 15-29 College 8.4% High SchoolSome Graduate 30-44 30-44 Associate's Degree side and work in the Central Business District 25.9% 25.9% Some College 19.3% 21.3% 45-64 21.3% 45-64 Bachelor's Degree Associate's Degree (CBD) and the residential area around it. The 37.3% 19.3% 65+ Bachelor's Degree 65+ Graduate Degree 37.3% residents have a median age of 35.6 with over Graduate Degree 20.2% 20.2% 45 percent of the people falling between the ages of 30 and 64. Despite the high median Age Distribution age, the overall population is getting younger. Racial Profile Educational Attainment Distribution 2.0% Racial Profile Educational Attainment Distribution The population of the Narnia is diverse Age2.0% Distribution 2.0%4.8% 3.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.8% with a significant percentage of the populaRacial Profile 13.1% 10.8% Less than 9th Grade 19.5% 9.9% 0-14 than 9th Gradetion born outside of the country just like the 10.8% 9th - 12th Grade 13.1% 9.9% Less Black or African American 9.5% Black or African American 19.5% 8.4% 15-29 neighboring city of Miami. The ethnic comHigh Graduate 0-14 School 9th - 12th Hispanic orGrade Latino 9.5% Hispanic or Latino 28.0% 28.0% Some College 30-44 8.4% 15-29 High Alone School Graduate 25.9% position of the residents include a two-thirds White AloneWhite 21.3% Associate's Degree 45-64 College 30-44 19.3% Some 25.9% Asian AloneAsian Alone African American population and the rest ma65.0% Bachelor's Degree 21.3% 65.0% 45-64 65+ 37.3% Associate's Degree Others 19.3% Others Graduate Degree jorly comprised of Hispanic or Latino popu65+ Bachelor's Degree 37.3% 20.2% Graduate Degree lation. In the recent years, there hasn’t been a 20.2% lot of population migration leading to a stable population with the majority of the residents Racial Profile 2.0% Educational Attainment Distribution Educational having lived here for over 10 years. Since most 2.0% Attainment Distribution 3.0% 4.8% Racial Profile 4.8% of them come from ethnically diverse back2.0% 2.0% 10.8% 3.0% 10.8% Less than 9th Gradegrounds, they have a particular way of living Black or African American Less than 9th Grade 9.9% 9.9% 9th 12th Grade that is distinct from the rest of the country. 9th - 12thorGrade Hispanic Latino 9.5% 9.5% 28.0% 8.4% 8.4% High School Graduate High School Graduate White AloneBlack Educational or African American Further, English and Spanish are the two comSomeAlone College Some College Asian Attainment distribution Hispanic or Latino 65.0% monly spoken languages. 28.0% Associate's Associate's Degree Degree Others 19.3% 19.3% White Alone Bachelor's Degree In terms of education, around 50 per37.3% 37.3% Bachelor's Degree Asian Alone Graduate Degree 65.0% Graduate Degree cent of the population are high school graduOthers ates or have some college degree. This is also in close association with the services industry Racial Profile where majority of the population works. Profile Chart2.0% 1: Demographics -Racial Age, Racial 9.9% 13.1% 13.1% 10.8%

tio

4.8%

Age Distribution

Forecast for Planning - Emerging Trends and Issues

ula

Population Composition Issues

Educational Attainment Distribution

Po p

Educational Attainment Distribution Age Distribution Age Distribution 4.8%

G r fo owt r2 hP 03 ro 0- jec 20 ted 35

25.9%

G r fo owt r2 hP 02 ro 5- jec 20 te 30 d

19.5%

G r fo owt r2 hP 02 ro 0- jec 20 ted 25

13.1%

2.0%

2.0% Profile3.0% and Educational Attainment 2.0% 3.0%

Black or African American Hispanic or Black Latino or African American

28.0%

White AloneHispanic or Latino

28.0%

Asian AloneWhite Alone

65.0%

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Others

Asian Alone Others

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Economy Background The economy of the area is driven majorly by the service industries. The median household income is $42,872, similar to the city of Miami. But, this is much less than the national average of $61,937. Despite the lower median income, the Narnia has a high employment rate of 70.9 percent with an income inequality of 0.473 (measured using Gini Index) lower than the national average. Only a small portion of the service industry includes skilled labor. A large population of the service industry includes unskilled blue-collar and pink-collar labor.

The other major employer is the retail trade. Majority of these services are located in the Downtown Abbey, Central Business District(CBD) with the highest density of employees associated with the retail trade. It is important to note that the retail trade is also closely associated with the ethnic backgrounds of people living in the area. The highest paying jobs in the area are in the public administration, utilities and professional, scientific and technical services sectors. But, these are also the sectors where the least number of people are employed owing to the lack of technical skills in the population.

15 • Current Approximate Employment Densities (employees/acre)

• Median Household Income $70,000 $60,000

$54,284

$50,000 $40,000

$59,039

$42,872 50

$30,000 $20,000

$10,000 $0

Narnia

Miami

• Gini Coefficient 0.52 0.51

30 20

0.51 10

0.50

0.49

0.49 0.47

0.47 0.46 0.45

Narnia

Miami

• Research Jobs Due to the upcoming proposal for a research center, there would be an increase in need for specialized work force. • Green Economy There would be a significant growth in green jobs since the upcoming development fosters sustainable growth. This would also include the research center, renewable energy production and the associated employment sectors. • Service Industry Since a major portion of the current employment is already in the service sectors, there would be a heavy reliance on them to sustain the green economy and jobs. There is a possibility for the jobs to be located outside of the Downtown Abbey, CBD. • Local Business Since the majority of the retail trade is associated with a particular demographic, there would be an increase in other retail trades as there is an influx in the population (climate refugees). So, there would be a need to protect the local business. • Regional Growth The newer economy would not only affect the local areas but also act as an important node for the regional growth.

M an an d ufa w c ce ntr Re hole turin al ta s g bu il a ale sin nd e o sh op R ss d ffic i e pi eta ng il stric ce and t nte o ot G rs, o ffice he o r - ve ther CB rnm D en ot G loca t an he ov d r - er tion ou nm tsi en de t a CB nd D

0.48

Forecast for Planning - Emerging Trends and Issues

Chart 3: Median Household Income, Gini Coefficient and Employment Densities Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Housing and Living Background Since the population has been constant for the most part in the last 10 years, the median household size has been around 3.52. But there is a trend towards an increase in single family housing in the past 10 years constituting to over two-thirds of the housing in the area. The township has around 3,125 households out of which the Narnia Planning area has 2,841 households. The median property value in the region is $155,700 which is much less than Miami’s. The area also shares a healthy vacancy rate of 10.8 percent with a gross density of 3.5 du/Acre. Further 65 percent of the housing is renter owned. 17

The housing units are located primarily in the Northwestern part of the Narnia Planning area around the Central Business District (CBD). They have access to some commercial spaces located at the edge of the housing development. Though the number of dwellings in the fringe area is minimal (285) when compared to the Central City (3,415), there is a possible trend for the housing development to sprawl significantly owing to some of these housing in the fringe areas. At present, with a high median age and demographic, the majority of the dwellings have been single-family detached housing. But with a growing young population, the trend could move away from single-family homes to more high density housing.

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Forecast for Planning - Emerging Trends and Issues • Young Population Due to the growing young population and the increase in population in the coming years, there might be a demand on multistory apartments rather than standalone single-family homes. • Housing Price There is a high possibility for the housing prices to go up with the increase in urban sprawls and the fringe developments over the years. • Affordable Housing With most of the incoming population in the coming years be of the climate refugees, there will be a huge need for affordable housing. • Safety There might be issues of livability and safety in the upcoming years considering the increase in sprawls and the lack of sufficient infrastructure and urban design features to handle the new development.

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Existing Land Use and Growth Patterns Existing Land Use

À !

Narnia’s land use has the typical land use varieties ranging from commercial, community facilities, industrial, recreational, residential, transportation, water and vacant lots. But at a larger level the land use could be categorized as developed, undeveloped (or vacant) and water.

The residential areas are majorly concentrated around the North and the North-west part of Narnia. Despite this, there has been a trend towards the development of sprawls that is not just unsustainable but also increases the property values.

Narnia’s planning area is divided into 23 planning districts. These planning districts follow prominent edges such as ridge lines, city limits and major highways. There is a total of seven planning districts within the central district and the rest 16 are classified in the fringe areas. Most of the development has been happening around the city center with a dense mix of community, commercial and industrial facilities. This area is also called as the Downtown Abbey, Central Business District (CBD).

Though the Narnia Township land area is huge with a lot of vacant land, there has been very minimal areas allotted for recreational activities. Further, the small commercial pockets serving the residential areas are lacking the sufficient infrastructure to cater to the growing population. Since majority of the residential areas are low-density residential areas the burden on additional infrastructure for the future is severe.

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¡À

Forecast for Planning - Emerging Trends and Issues • Institutional Since the future growth is towards the development of a research center, planning for institutional land use patterns is a significant need. • Industrial A major part of the Central Business District comprises of industrial areas. Since the future development is headed towards a more institutional approach, there might not be so much need for industrial land use in the city center.

18 19 17

6 16

5 1 2

4 3

• Sprawl Controlling urban sprawl through land use policies and planning is a much needed strategy considering the population growth towards to the outside of the city.

14 12 13

Legend

! !

Figure 6: Planning Districts and City Boundaries

0.5

2 Miles

Planning Districts City Boundary

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Township Boundary

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Figure 5: Current Land Use

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1 Miles

Legend

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Residential

Commercial

Community Facilities

Industrial

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Transportation

Recreational

! !

Others

Vacant Water Open Space ! !

0.5

0.25

City Limits City Boundary

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

0.25

0.5

1 Miles

Direction Setting

Legend

Areawide Land Policy Residential Plan Commercial Industrial Community Facilities Transportation

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Environment Background

Figure 7: Water Bodies and Flood Plain

The township has a significant area of agricultural lands, forest lands and water. These land types are further subcategorized into various types: â&#x20AC;˘ Water The water is classified as floodplain, lake, nonflood plain and reservoir. These classifications include the watershed, the floodplain and the recreational areas. The buffer around the reservoirs depicts the hundred year floodplain. â&#x20AC;˘ Agricultural Lands Prime agricultural lands are classified as agricultural land, lake, reservoir and others. The land marked as prime agricultural lands are the most fertile for agricultural production. â&#x20AC;˘ Forest Lands The forest lands are classified as lowland-hardwood, pine and upland-hardwood.

Figure 9: Agricultural Lands

While the above mentioned land types are broader classifications, there are additional types like conservation areas that include parks and other green areas within and outside the Narnia Planning area. There is also a majority of the land that is vacant with no development. The other environmental conditions under consideration include the slopes that is represented as three categories in the map namely 0-5% , 6-15% , and >15% . These are the three categories of slope that correspond to the widely accepted slope limits for developments across the United States. The final environmental conditions under consideration is the soil percolation types that is classified as poor and good. The poor soil percolation contains soils that are unsuitable for on-site wastewater treatment systems.

Figure 8: Forest Lands

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

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Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Environment

Community Facilities

Forecast for Planning - Emerging Trends and Issues • Conservation One of the key to the success of the future planning is in conserving the environmentally sensitive lands by drafting good planning principles and policies. • Regulating Sprawls Since there is a trend for the development to sprawl outside of the township in an unregulated manner onto environmentally sensitive lands, there is a need to regulate urban sprawls. • Flooding Since the major influx of the population is climate refugees, it is extremely important to develop a plan that is resilient to climate change and flooding especially in city centers. So there is a need to understand the hundred year flood plain and design accordingly. • Sustainable Planning Since some of the developments are encroaching agricultural lands, there is a need to have a sustainable growth without affecting such areas.

Forecast for Planning - Emerging Trends and Issues

Background Most of the community facilities are located within the Central Business District. The land division for community facilities are very low at the bare minimum. This includes community facilities like the City Hall, hospitals, schools, libraries and nursing homes. The primary issue in the area arises from the fact that majority of the facilities are located around the city center with heavy densities and the fringe area having no community facilities. Further, the areas allotted for the recreational, community facilities and the medical facilities are very low compared to the total land usage. The city center also has a huge parcel of industrial area that affects the community living conditions considering all of the population have to come to the city center to work and access the community facilities. This also leads to a lack of a personalized approach to the community facilities that cater to the locals.

• Distribution With the projected population growth and the existing housing conditions, the larger township level community facilities centered on the Central Business District (CBD) wouldn’t suffice. So there is a need for an even distribution of the facilities with an increase in local neighborhood level community facilities. • Local Government Requirements The local government has projected the need for the following in the next 20 years: 3 elementary schools on 10 acres of land each 2 junior high schools on 20 acres each 2 community recreation facilities on 15 acres each. • Personalization There is a need for the community facilities to be able to understand the pulse of the locals considering their existing diversity and the projected diverse population entering the city. This ensures a good community life for the residents. • Recreational Areas There would be a need for more recreational areas considering that the climate refugees would come from a disturbed environment. Further research and institutional areas that are projected to grow in the future need more recreation spaces situated away from environmentally sensitive lands.

Existing CommunityofFacilities Table 1: Breakdown Existing Community facilities Planning District

Elementary Junior High Senior High Parks with Schools Schools Schools Recreational Number Acres Number Acres Number Acres Number Acres

2 3 4 5 6 7 Total

0 1 1 0 1 0 3

0 7 9 0 6 0 22

0 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 10 10

0 0 0 1 0 0 1

0 0 0 16 0 0 16

0 2 1 1 2 2 8

Other

Facility Acres City Hall 3 0 Courthouse 7 Library 2 0 Sewage Plant 6 22 0 12 Nursing Home 6 8 Hospital 11 0 53a 8 Sewage Plant 8 103 43

a. Includes a 26-acre lake. Imagine Narnia 2040

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Infrastructure Background The Narnia Planning Area has the Fury interstate road on the south side of the city. The thoroughfares include the North-South Valhalla Railroad and East-West Sesame Street Highway.. Further, there is a network of local streets like Senorita Street and Maria Street that provide access to properties and some outlying areas. Figure 10: Breakdown of Sewer Utilities

The reservoir towards the north of the city is the only water supply. The public water and sewer service district corresponds with the planning districts 1 through 7. There are two sewage treatment plants on the eastern edge of the city. A ridge line runs east and west through the center of the city dividing the northern watershed from the southern watershed.

With every household having an average of two cars each, there is a heavy reliance on automobiles and private transportation systems despite having public transportation infrastructure.

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Forecast for Planning - Emerging Trends and Issues • Sewage and Water Service District With the increase in population, the newer development might have to move outside of the existing dense areas outside of the City’s Planning area. So there will be a need to extend the water and sewer outside of the city limits. • Regional Connectivity One of the main focuses for the new development would be to have a regional connection to Miami and the surrounding districts. The Interstate bypass and Cooperation with the authorities at various hierarchies would be key to the approach. • Transit Oriented Development(TOD) With the dramatic increase in population, there would be a need for effective transportation system. So the future growth is likely to happen around existing or new transport corridors. • Pedestrian Planning Since there isn’t a lot of importance given to pedestrian movements currently, the future infrastructure should promote pedestrian movement through pedestrian paths and sufficient outdoor landscape strategies.

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Direction Setting: Goals and Objective

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Direction Setting

Imagine Narnia has set goals, targets, and metrics to guide

implementation and evaluate success.

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Framework

Goals

Aspects Industry Economy

Resiliency

Culture Nature

Environmental Justice Housing Livability

Transportation Safety Horizontal Connectivity

Regional Connectivity

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Vertical Connectivity

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Objectives and Policies

Goal 2: A built environment that enhances the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s livability

Objective 2.1: By 2040, increase average open space per resident from 0.2 to 0.5 acre per capita. Policy 2.1.1: Amend the development ordinance to regulate green space requirements paired with any site planning proposal. Policy 2.1.2: Establish a development-impact fee system that reflects environmental externality costs and variability in balancing the costs.

Objective 2.2: By 2040, increase residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; homeownership from current 65 percent of the population to 70 percent

Goal 1: Public facilities and industries development that build resiliency

Policy 2.2.1: publish new guidelines for home mortgage charges. Policy 2.2.2: establish a new approval process on new development proposals to achieve a design mix of various residential types.

Objective 1.1: By 2040, accommodate population growth and achieve an average gross density of seven dwelling units per acre.

Objective 2.3: By 2040, increase pedestrian and cycling travel to 10 percent of journey-to-work trips and increase public transportation travel from current 5 percent to 20 percent of journey-to-work trips.

Policy 1.1.1: Amend new zoning ordinance and historic preservation designation to preserve historic property under development trend. Policy 1.1.2: Amend the development ordinance to create housing areas with various residential types. Policy 1.1.3: Accommodate all of the incoming population and the existing population by creating appropriate housing and liveable environments.

Policy 2.3.1: Create an action plan for adding safe and continuous bike lanes and pedestrian paths with networks that connect residential and employment areas. Policy 2.3.2: Establish a public transportation reward and credit system to provide incentives for riding public transportation

Objective 1.2: By 2040, increase the degrees awarded for climate and sustainability related higher education to 20 percent out of all degrees.

Objective 2.4: By 2040, reduce the crime rate by 40 percent from current 3,927 incidents per 100,000 inhabitants.

Policy 1.2.1: Establish a funding system for the new climate institution. Policy 1.2.2: Coordinate public and private local universities and sources to set up scholarship programs.

Objective 1.3: By 2040, achieve 50 percent and 70 percent, respectively of the Employment and Revenue for green economy out of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s total.

Policy 2.4.1: Designate and construct safe walkable street outlay that prevents any isolation. Policy 2.4.2: Increase funding for the police system.

Policy 1.3.1: Establish a green industry subsidy system as an incentive for more investment towards it. Policy 1.3.2: Set up a long-term public private relationship with the Climate Research Center to evoke efforts in the climate adaptation field.

Objective 1.4: By 2040, increase the renewable energy from current 10 percent of electricity grid to 80 percent Policy 1.4.1: Designate and construct renewable energy infrastructure to gradually replace the traditional power plants. Policy 1.4.2: Enhance the community understanding of renewable energy by setting up education programs.

Goal 3: A systematic design that ensures regional connectivity

Objective 3.1: By 2040, have a network system of at least five nearby cities. Policy 3.1.1: Establish community data hub for surrounding cities and conduct meetings semi-annually to exchange the information Policy 3.1.2: Set up comparison among cities for average improvement.

Objective 3.2: By 2040, embed at least one regional communication channel into the local planning process for a feedback loop. Policy 3.2.1: Develop different strategies such as regional programs for engaging regional stakeholders and managing interests. Policy 3.2.2: Ensure up-to-date vertical communication through regular hearing or other activities.

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Areawide Land Policy Plan

Narnia has been a city of ideas and strong ideals for cen-

turies. Today, Imagine Narnia 2040 builds on the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strengths - including its dynamic economy, diverse population, and recent growth - to address key challenges.

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Appendix

Land Suitability Analysis Ecology and resiliency are highly valued for a sustainable future in the Narnia planning area. A systematic land suitability analysis was conducted by GTA to assess areas that are especially well or poorly suited to development and conservation. It effectively assists in areawide land policy planning via providing reliable quantitative reference and support.

The methodology framework, as illustrated in the figure, consists of three categories to analyze the land where development constraints exist, and where land conservation is desirable, and where the provision of infrastructure and services is feasible. The ecological constraint is the prerequisite for suitability analysis. It is a series of binary decision layers, including forest, floodplain and reservoir buffer, to determine whether the land should be conserved and forbidden for future development. With a vision to develop a more sustainable and compact Narnia, the environmental sensitivity and infrastructural feasibility comprise the multiple criteria decision layers in order to enhance the harmony environment and curb the irregular sprawl, weighted for their relative importance.

The datasets for the analysis were collected from the Narnia Planning Department in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, and the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact. GTA introduced Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to analyze the land with attributes of ecological and built environment information, calculate different decision layers with multiple criteria and weights, and map land suitability for the Narnia planning area.

After calculating each parcel of land in the Narnia planning area for suitability value and weight, the result yields a suitability rating gradient from forbidden to highly suitable (010.00), as shown in the table of Land Suitability Classification. Approximately one-third of the area is identified as suitable with a rating over 6.00. Zero-rating land is required to exclude from any development, and unsuitable land with a rating under 6.00 is guided to be conserved. Future development is oriented to highly suitable land first, then suitable and moderately suitable accordingly. See final result demonstrated by the Land Suitability Map.

In terms of environmental sensitivity, the lands with steep slopes, poor soil percolation, and prime agriculture are given zero value to increase the possibility of conservation. Those feature layers are also endowed with more weight due to significant importance to sustainable development. For the infrastructural feasibility, areas in the proximity of existing infrastructure and urban fabric are given high suitability value. The buffer distance from sewer lines, highway, commercial centers and CBD has been put into consideration of compactness, especially the strong influence of sewerage. See details in the table of Land Suitability Feature Layer and Weight. Figure 11: Land Suitability Analysis Process

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Land Suitability Analysis

Table 2: Land Suitability Feature Layer and Weight

Category

Feature Layer Forest

Ecological Constraint

Floodplain Reservoir

Soil

Environmental Sensitivity

Slope

Agriculture

Sewage (Sewer Lines) Infrastructural Feasibility Transportation (Highway)

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Value

Description

Pine and Hardwood Forest

Other Land

Floodplain, Lake, Reservoir

Other Land

0-500 ft Buffer Distance

>500 ft Buffer Distance

Poor Soil Percolation

Good Soil Percolation

>15%

6%-15%

0-5%

Prime Agriculture Land

Other Land

>3 mi Buffer Distance

0.4

2-3 mi Buffer Distance

0.8

1-2 mi Buffer Distance

1.2

0.5-1 mi Buffer Distance

1.6

500-2640 ft Buffer Distance

2.0

0-500 ft Buffer Distance

>2.5 mi Buffer Distance

0.4

2-2.5 mi Buffer Distance

0.8

1.5-2 mi Buffer Distance

1.2

1-1.5 mi Buffer Distance

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Weight -

Commercial (Commercial Centers)

1.45

0.90 CBD

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1.20

1.6

0.5-1 mi Buffer Distance

2.0

<0.5 mi Buffer Distance

>4 mi Buffer Distance

0.4

3-4 mi Buffer Distance

0.8

2-3 mi Buffer Distance

1.2

1-2 mi Buffer Distance

1.6

0.5-1mi Buffer Distance

2.0

<0.5 mi Buffer Distance

>4 mi Buffer Distance

0.4

3-4 mi Buffer Distance

0.8

2-3 mi Buffer Distance

1.2

1-2 mi Buffer Distance

1.6

0.5-1 mi Buffer Distance

2.0

<0.5 mi Buffer Distance

0.15

1.00

0.15

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Land Suitability Analysis

Figure 12: Land Suitability Map

Table 3: Land Suitability Classification

Value

Classification

Area (acre)

Forbidden

19,223

37%

0-4.00

Unsuitable

4,569

4.00 -6.00

Moderately Unsuitable

11,345

22%

6.00 - 7.50

Moderately Suitable

10,580

21%

7.50 - 9.00

Suitable

4,442

9.00 - 10.00

Highly Suitable

1,040

51,200

Total

Percentage

100%

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Alternative Scenarios for Development Business as Usual

Desired Development

The business as usual scenario would present a development that leads to various problems. As the current development shows, the Northwest side is where the pattern of development is happening, which faces unsuitable development areas. This scenario for development would put the agricultural lands and other valuable natural landscapes under serious risks. As Narnia is expected to face the climate refugee challenge, the current growth pattern of developing in the floodplains would go in the exact opposite direction, imposing danger to the developed structure and properties.

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This scenario allows unregulated development to happen, which would result in sprawls with irregular growth patterns. All the sprawls would be a serious threat to major agriculturally and environmentally sensitive land areas and would result in lack of basic facilities in the living environment. In this scenario, sewage areas and other infrastructures such as transportation facilities are not considered to be a constraint for future development. The lack of such consideration would lead to extra burden on the community as well as failure for an efficient service provision system. Overall, the Business as Usual model is not suitable for Narniaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future development as it disregards the harmony with nature and fails to address the predicted trends and issues.

Direction Setting

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The other scenario depicts what a desired and more compact development looks like and is considered as the preferred development plan based on the land suitability analysis above. Under this scenario, all urban development would happen on lands designated as highly suitable and suitable land for development. This includes urban developed and urban transition land class, which refer to adjusted land where existing development happened and lands where future development would happen. Taking the land suitability map as a base, this scenario also takes the current separation of socioeconomic classes into consideration and suggests to prioritize the development of the low class area. With all the considerations, the land policy map outlines urban transition land class that requires 1,750 acres of land. Under this scenario, urban transition is used for a less land consumptive and compact development pattern, aiming to prevent sprawls. Infill development and reconsideration of current development in risky areas are encouraged in this scenario as well as multi-family residential development such as apartment buildings, with a hope to reach a gross density of 7 dwelling units per acre.

Community-wide Land Use Design

Rural community is also classified here as an area for low-density development dispersed towards all directions outside of the city boundaries, while these lands can easily reach out to natural resource abundant areas and lie along the main interstate highway constructed through the township. This scenario requires 534 acres of land to be rural community land in order to further prevent sprawl and allow some low-density industrial and manufacturing development to happen. This scenario for development would remain agriculture lands, forests, areas surrounding the water bodies such as lakes and reservoirs as undeveloped to properly manage the natural resources and protect the ecological system. It also protects parks and green pockets as undeveloped for aesthetic and harmony with nature within the city boundaries.

Overall, this scenario would complement the vision and goals for Narnia to accommodate the future population growth caused by climate refugees, and also provide additional opportunities for redevelopment as well as sustainable development. For detailed land class and policies, please check the following table.

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Figure 13: Areawide Land Policy Plan

Areawide Land Policy Plan Table 4: Land Classification and Characteristics Land Class

Purpose

Characteristics

Density

General Policy

Urban Developed

To provide existing mixed-use developed areas and land with infill opportunities for planning in a more compact manner.

Lands that are currently developed with the modification of development in forbidden areas.

High Density

•Encourage infill development •Relocating high risk residential and commercial development

1,165

Urban Transition

To provide for future development in areas that are most suitable for urban development as well as relocation of current unsuitable development.

Lands that are classified as highly suitable and suitable for urban development.

Medium to High Density

•Encourage transit-oriented development •Build climate research center •Ensure quality access to services

1,750

Urban Conservation

To provide open space for the purpose of recreation, ecological value, aesthetic value and environmental sustainability.

Open space that is designated within the city boundary such as parks and green pockets.

No Development

•Control development •Ensure open space accessibility to neighborhoods •Perform regular measurements and monitoring programs

3,341

Rural Conservation

To protect the areawide nature landscape for the long-term sustainability by preventing future urban development on these lands.

Lands that are suitable for agricultural use or designated as natural habitats such as forests.

No Development

•Encourage sustainable natural resource management strategies •Control development

23.291

Rural Community

To allow for low density development such as manufacturing and industries that is less suitable to happen in conservation or water areas.

Lands that are moderately suitable outside of the city boundary that allows for rural development.

Low Density

•Less density housing development •Restrict sprawl

543

Waters

To promote climate resiliency and protect long-term hydrologic health of the area by preventing development on high risk floodplains and water bodies.

Lands consist of floodplains, water bodies and buffer areas.

No Development

•Preserve the area for recreational and aesthetic use •Prevent disturbance on the water bodies.

7,999

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Community-wide Land Use Design

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Introduction Narnia’s land use design is plotted for a more compact and sustainable developing pattern that is in accordance with the principles set by the stakeholders involved and regional conditions. The priorities are given to the accommodation of the population growth and contribution to a pilot program, S.M.A.R.T. (Settlement for Miami Area Resilience Transition) program, as part of the regional climate plan. The design is aiming at accommodating a population growth of 10,000 within the city boundary, mainly the climate refugees coming in from nearby areas and climate professionals. It is developed in accordance with the areawide land policy plan and led by function clustering thinking.

Land Use Design Rationale The GTA planning consultancy group envisions Narnia’s future development requirement for each land use category, based on the policy framework developed by the efforts of residents, the planning committee, community organizations, real estate professionals, and the Mayor’s office. The highlights in this community wide land use design are Mixed Residential Types, Two-loop Resiliency Economic and Green Belt Development. Some of them will be depicted in detail in the small area plan. The land use pattern and features are the products of numerous discussion meetings as well as Charrettes to make Narnia a welcoming and inclusive place to live and work.

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The community wide land use design is based on the goal of reaching a desired future gross density of seven dwelling units per acre from current 3.5 dwelling units per acre, assuming a future household size of 3.2 people per household. It is developed in accordance with the preset goals: Resiliency, Livability and Regional Connectivity. The plan aims to create a variety of residential types and encourage infill development to achieve compact development and growth management. To better achieve the goal of Resiliency, the plan also adds green economic components to the development including Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center and Renewable Energy Center with the industrial land use lies in between these two, which creates two green economic loops that intertwine with each other. To improve the livability, the plan increases the open spaces in urban conservation areas and adds transportation stations for transit-oriented development and a more completed transportation network. In addition, the attention for this land use design is given to the interstate highway and existing railroad to manage a better regional connectivity. Most importantly, this design is led by function cluster thinking. The planning group recognized a few clusters in response to the community needs and future growth, including existing development core, residential clusters, climate related clusters for climate research center and renewable energy center, and industrial clusters, featuring green belt as flood mitigation and two new transit stations.

Community-wide Land Use Design

The further detailed land use design is built upon the clusters with specific considerations for each. For residential clusters, land parcels were designed for smart and compact growth, considering the convenience and safety for citizens as well as the public service provision including drainage and sewage area, paired community facilities and commercial areas. This land use design looks into climate change issues and as a response to the related regional needs, the plan proposed two centers: Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center and Renewable Energy Center, which form the two climate related clusters. These two clusters are located as the map shows not only because of the locations’ suitability for development, but also taking in consideration the existing socio-economic class distribution in the city. The two centers are meant to bring in more jobs and boost local economics for low and middle classes. In addition, the two clusters are located on each side of the pre-existing industrial cluster, which allows the whole area to have an effective and efficient manufacturing function. From there, the plan also proposed two transit stations to connect the labor area with the residential clusters. Applying a transit-oriented development, the plan aims to achieve job-housing balance and clear connection networks for all citizens’ convenience, as well as convenience of getting in and out of the city by putting these stations on the railroad route. These clusters are plotted in a fashion that avoid floodplains and other conservation areas. As the plan moves forward to design the land parcels in detail, green belts are considered necessary here as best management practice, giving both urban conservation areas and outside recreational clusters a buffer for potential hazards.

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Figure 14: Community-wide Land Use Design - Function Cluster Map

Community-wide Land Use Design Land Use Design Discription The land use design is developed from Areawide Land Policy Plan as it sets the general land policy for each land class based on suitability for development. As the plan looked at city land use, the general policies for urban conservation, urban transition and urban developed land classes were closely investigated with no development, medium to high density development and high density, respectively. With the current average household size as 3.5 people, vacancy rate of dwellings as 10.8 percent, and housing density as 3.5 dwelling units per acre, residential use demands 906 acres. For the future population, we aim for a more dense residential development at seven dwelling units per acre housing density. Despite the expectedly smaller household size as 3.2 people, considering many of newcomers are from Miami, additional acreage demanded for this use is 495 at the same vacancy rate.

The demand for retail area is calculated by multiplying the existing area. It will be distributed throughout the city to reduce the travel distances. Because of the research center to be built, at least 138 acre should be assigned for industrial use. As buffers, open space and vacant area are needed for other uses, 25 percent and 20 percent respectively. Uses for community facilities, recreation and transportation follow typical acreage demand per thousand population. However, more land is desired for community facilities as Narnia will need more schools for the population growth and focuses on educational programs of institutions. The demand for other use is five percent of the total demand. Water use is primarily to provide residents with treated water. However, water supply is a more regional issue. When the demand is not met within the city,the water source for Miami-Dade county has to supplement Narniaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs.

Gross 5: Estimates of Supplyof and Demand byAcreage Generalized Land Use Categories Table Gross Estimates Supply andAcreage Demand by Generalized Land Use Categories Open Industrial / Community Other Commercial Residential Recreational Transportation Vacant Water Space Institutional Facilities (Mixed-Use) Demand Demand 478 42 138 1,401 60 180 80 382 382 117 Supply Supply Existing Land Use (2020) 6,232 71 Future Land Use (2040) 3,589 110

Surplus(Supply-Demand) Surplus (Supply - Demand) 3,111 68

Imagine Narnia 2040

Total 3,260

122

905

112

125

126

7,807

342

1,494

156

188

362

400

1,040

126

7,807

204

282

658

4,547

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all aR ail ro a

Figure 15: Community-wide Land Use Design - Proposed Land Use Map

As ga

rd S

tre

Va lh

Jum Str p ee t

Table 6: Gross Acreage by Generalized Land Use Categories Gross Acreage by Generalized Land Use Categories Open Space

Sesame Street

51 Se n Str orite ee t

e tre aS

Commercial

Industrial / Community Other Residential Recreational Transportation Vacant Water Institutional Facilities (Mixed-Use)

Existing Land Use (2020) 6,233 71

122

905

Floodplain Removal (3)

(85)

(125)

(22)

112 -

125 (5)

(60)

(180)

(80)

Newly Created -

305

714

112

242

342

1,494

282

Future Land Use (2040) 3,589 110

126

(6)

7,808 (246)

Additional Removal (2,644) 42

Total

(2) -

532 -

658

(117) (2,551) 104

1,595

7,808

Fury Interstate Road

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Highlights Mixed Residential Types To achieve the compact growth and maximize the effectiveness of the use, the planning team aims to include a variety of residential types in the design product, especially to incorporate more smaller dwellings such as townhouses and garden apartments and more compact dwellings such as apartment buildings. The majority population growth will consist of climate-related science and technology professionals because of the proposed centers, and regional climate refugees who suffered from flooding or sea-level rise. This variety of residential types would bring the household size down from 3.5 people to 3.2 people as the team forecasted, and create a vibrant, walkable community pattern as these professionals and the incoming climate refugees may prefer.

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Moreover, besides the land use effectiveness, the planning team takes a specific look into inclusionary planning as the population growth will be driven by regional climate refugee inflow. To build a more inclusive environment and enhance livability for all, this plan designs the residential areas to include multiple residential types and encourage more common spaces in development for cultural inclusiveness and social interaction.

Two-loop Resiliency Economic Incorporating new industries, more jobs and opportunities is crucial as Narnia grows. To create a prosperous future for the city, Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center and Renewable Energy Center are proposed on both sides of the pre-existing industrial area for a two-loop resiliency economic development. As shown in the land use design map, Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center on the west side will contribute to research progress on climate change and function as an anchor point of the institutional network within the city.

At the same time it will bring more manufacturing jobs related to scientific works into the industrial area. Similarly, on the other side, Hogwarts’ Renewable Energy Center will serve renewable energy generation, and function as a hub for energy station trainee programs and laboratory works. Like the loop on the west, it will create more jobs related to renewable energy technology and tie it back to the industrial area. More detail about the Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center Development can be found in Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center Development: Small Area Plan.

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Highlights

Policies

Green Belt Development As Narnia is welcoming the climate refugee population from nearby areas, the planning team raises awareness of the floodplain issue as a major concern for both newcomers and current residents. For the purpose of enhancing resilience, the team put a green belt across the township area as a floodplain buffer, most of which are green spaces and conservation lands.

Aiming to integrate with the existing ecological conservation and green spaces, the green belts not only reduce floodplain risk but assure biological diversity to alleviate the separation in current land use. Thus, green belts become a catalyst for harmonizing with surroundings, especially connecting various function clusters. Meanwhile, the green belts play a pivotal role in the rainwater cycle with collecting, filtering, purifying, and utility system in order to address the pollution of water resources and improve the ecosystem in Narnia. With an in-depth design for walking and cycling paths, green corridors will be the open spaces for communities to have leisure and activities.

The land use design is developed based on the assumption of emerging mandated policies. The team is hoping to achieve the goal with the policies in place. Some policies include the following:

New Zoning Ordinances • Mixed Use should be encouraged and a new zoning category would be created as a “mixed use zone” • The city should require inclusionary zoning for large new real estate developments with solid evidence from supply demand study to represent the affordable housing needs. • Conditional permits system, especially for office buildings development, should be established for the purpose of achieving job-residential balance.

Incentives Programs • Incentives should be created for developers to include affordable housing units in their development. • Incentive programs for solar installation should be established for the building owners and landlords. • Subsidy should be conditioned along to the green industries.

Public Service extensions • Impact fees should be applied on large development to compensate for the extra burden on public service provision.

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Hogwartsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Climate Research Center Development: Small Area Plan

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Figure 16: Location Map - Hogwartsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Climate Research Center Development

Introduction

The Impetus for the Plan

The city of Narnia realized the need to accommodate the incoming population in a new comprehensive plan. Some of the primary motives were to develop a world-class research center that would host several activities ranging from a climate research center, renewable energy center to a job training center. The pilot program of this development is located in the southeast of Narnia bordered by the Fury Interstate Road. This is a part of a pilot program, S.M.A.R.T. (Settlement for Miami Area Resilience Transition) program, to develop a resilient neighborhood with a variety of uses. The plan was developed based on the idea of the Narnia residents about how they would envision a future Narnia. The residents expressed their interest in having a Research center that would provide jobs in the fields of sustainability, climate change, and renewable energy generation. As a part of the planning process, GTA Planning Consultancy worked closely with the City of Narnia to begin the task of incorporating a Small Area Plan for the Hogwartsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Climate Research Center Development.

The primary driver for the development of the plan is to imagine a bright future for Narnia that focuses on improving the quality of life for the residents. Further, the City of Narnia views this as an opportunity to create a liveable environment for the existing and the incoming population.

Type of Plan The plan could be viewed as a flexible masterplan for the pilot project that has a set of agendas and priorities. The plan is a framework under which the upcoming development is projected to happen. It outlines land-use policies designated to transform the area and a set of street sections to guide the development process.

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Planning Process Based on the Land Suitability Analysis and the larger vision of the Communitywide Land Use Design, the Gotham District (Planning Districts 3 and 11) were chosen as the location for the development of the pilot project. During the community meeting with the residents, volunteers, developers, and other community stakeholders, an emphasis was laid on the development of a mixed-use typology. Within the mixed-use typology, the residents emphasized including affordable housing units and training centers within the research center to improve their skills and widen the scope for job prospects. After a month-long discussion and community meetings with various stakeholders, the plan has been carefully drafted to meet the needs of the community without compromising on the larger vision of the comprehensive plan to develop a resilient future Narnia.

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Hogwartsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Climate Research Center Development: Small Area Plan

Goals of the Plan

Two-Loop Resiliency Economics - Follow the resiliency patterns of the research center, manufacturing area, renewable energy center, and the job training center, as stated in the community wide land use design.

Sustainability - Planning for the incoming climate refugees, sustainability is the key focus as it is the need of the hour in terms of economy, natural resource, social, infrastructural, and environmental demands for future generations.

Green Belt Development - To develop a more inviting pedestrian-friendly environment to improve community trust and social interaction. The focus is on promoting biking and walking over automobile usage.

Equity - Acknowledging each member of the community regardless of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, physical or mental disability, or age is fundamental to the City of Narnia.

Liveability - The purpose of drafting this plan is to not just view Narnia through a set of factors to be checked, but to improve the living conditions of the residents. Creating a welcoming and inclusive environment is at the forefront of developments.

Job Training - The goals are also to improve the local economy by providing the necessary training needed to compete in the new sustainable research and manufacturing job market.

Affordable Housing - The increase in population exerts pressure on the housing market. So developing affordable housing systems to be able to accommodate every resident of Narnia and strike a balance in the housing market is a necessity.

Neighborhood Character - Preserve the existing neighborhood character and maintain the urban fabric of the neighborhood to comply with the requirements set forth by the FAR, Height Restrictions, Setbacks, Parking requirements, etc.

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Hogwartsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Climate Research Center Plan General Vision The idea behind the Urban Design Development of the plan is to have a mix of spaces with different functions within one neighborhood. This facilitates a dynamic environment providing the people to interact with a variety of crowds. The spaces include a High-Tech Research Center, Renewable Energy Manufacturing, Energy Research Center, Job Training Center and spaces for commercial offices and affordable housing. The proposed development area is vacant for the most part other than some housing units towards the North.

Figure 17: Hogwartsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Climate Research Center Plan

This street not only acts as a recreational space but also acts as a buffer space connecting all of the important zones. The space includes a variety of bike paths and buffer green corridors. The Green Belt can be used to host a variety of community activities and festival streets, among others.

Cluster Planning The reason for developing a cluster system is to promote a social and a liveable neighborhood. The development has one single big cluster with the Senorita Road dissecting it in the middle. It is bordered by the Fury Interstate Road towards the south. This form of a cluster provides the opportunities to develop streets that are more dynamic with minimal repetitive patterns. The cluster development also helps in creating interesting pocket parks with varying scales. The central park space with the Park and the Mill Road acts as the core for the development with the developments surrounding them. Garden Road and Duke Street act as the primary street networks for the residential development, providing them recreational spaces and connectivity to the research centers.

Figure 17.1: Section A 64

Figure 17.2: Section B

Green Beltway Development The reason for developing a Green Belt is to create a corridor that promotes walking, biking, and conservation of green spaces. Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Figure 17.3: Section C Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center Plan

Facilities • High-Tech Research Center This is the core of all the research activities happening in the Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center Development. This occupies the majority of the space in the developed area. (add area) The center is located on the edge, so it also ensures easy access from Senorita Street that connects to Downtown Abbey (CBD). • Renewable Energy Manufacturing Center This is located adjacent to the High-Tech Research Center to also act as the implementation parcel for the High-Tech Research Center. The manufacturing zone is located at the edge, a little outside of the other areas to meet the safety standards. (add area) • Energy Research Center This is located in between the High-Tech Research Center and Renewable Energy Manufacturing since it is closely linked with the two for research purposes. Since this is the space where a lot of students engage in internships and research, it is envisioned to be more spacious with a lot of open green space towards the entrance. This is also the reason why it is zoned right next to the central park space. (add area)

• Job Training Center This is the space for the locals to train and improve their skills to be able to be actively involved in energy research. It is zoned next to the green belt connecting to the residential area for easy access. It is also located next to the Fury Interstate Road for easy access for people coming from out of town or from distant areas within the town.

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

• Commercial Offices There are small parcels of commercial office spaces located in between the research complex and the housing parcels. This space is provided for small businesses and other offices that the residents would engage in. It is planned in a way to act as the buffer between the residential areas and the research complex connected by Senorita Road towards Downtown Abbey (CBD). • Housing The idea is to provide housing for all and have people from various socio-economic backgrounds to engage and interact with each other - Affordable Housing They are located towards the North in between the single-family houses and the commercial office spaces. This is zoned in a way to encourage people from mixed backgrounds to engage with the developments of - Single-Family Housing There is a need for additional single-family homes, so they are located in the farthest corner towards the North to provide a level of privacy. This type of housing is more spacious with flexible spatial guidelines.

Design Guideline FAR and Height Buildings over six stories high should receive additional permissions from the City of Narnia. Table 7: Relationship between Height of the Building and The Floor Area Ratio (FAR)

Height of Building

Floor Area Ratio

1 story

0.40

2 story

0.60

3 story

0.80

4 story

1.00

5 story

1.20

6 story

1.40

FAR and Height

LEED/WELL Rating

• Mandatory Setbacks to be provided on adjacent plots to meet the fire codes, minimum daylighting and ventilation requirements. • Setbacks on all four sides of a corner property to meet the Fire Codes and Standards. • Additional Setback requirements if the property faces arterial roads or other main interstate highways and railroads.

• All public buildings are required to follow Green Rating Standards set forth by green building certification programs like LEED and WELL. • Private Developments will receive additional development incentives if they prescribe to such green building certification programs.

Parking • Preferred to provide parking on the backside of the building to facilitate walkable main residential streets. • Parking on the street side if there are no other available options. Streetside parking is recommended to follow the street layouts.

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Neighborhood Accessibility Requirements • The development follows the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design “2010 Standards” or “Standards”. It follows the minimum requirements for newly designed facilities, public accommodations, and commercial facilities to be readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities.

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Development Management Plan

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Summary of Recommendations

Introduction The comprehensive plan provides a framework for the community’s future. The Comprehensive Plan is a broad planning document with various sections. This development management plan is meant to provide guidance in implementing the goals, objectives, and policies written in Imagine Narnia 2040 Comprehensive Plan of Future Narnia.

The City of Narnia Council met with all the other departments in the local council and some departments from the Miami Municipality in the creation of the implementation recommendations. It is important to note that there are Federal, State, and other local governments making decisions that affect the quality of life in Narnia. This plan acts as the representation of Narnia to emphasize its importance in a regional context.

Key Stakeholders • Mayor’s Office • Narnia City Council (NCC) • Narnia Department of Transportation (NDOT) • Narnia Department of Environmental Conservation (NDEC) • Narnia Housing Authority (NHA) • Narnia Department of Finance (NDF) • Miami’s Metropolitan Government • Settlement for Miami Area Resilience Transition (S.M.A.R.T.) • Local Community Organizations and Volunteers of Narnia. • Residents of Narnia

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Greenbelt Development and Natural resources Conservation Develop the first greenbelt as a part of the pilot program. This could be used to develop greenbelts in other areas in the future. The Narnia Department of Environmental Conservation, along with the Narnia Department of Transportation, should work hand in hand to promote the development of green belts. • The Department of Environmental Conservation would be administering the conservation of natural resources and open spaces. • Develop action plans for creating more greenbelts along environmentally sensitive lands and lands unfit for development • Promote water conservation through water-efficient systems and stormwater management • Continue to educate towns, villages, and the public about the risks to biodiversity from invasive species. • Prevent development in wetlands and other sensitive habitats. Considering the climate change issues, make this agenda clear in all of the land development process. • Develop bike paths and other urban design street guidelines in all of the green belts and other inner corridors possible.

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Summary of Recommendations

Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center Development The vision of Imagine Narnia 2040 is to create a resilient future. This would only be possible if the research center is functioning to its maximum capabilities. This can only be achieved by developing the research center as the new economic model for future Narnia. • Tap onto the resources of S.M.A.R.T. (Settlement for Miami Area Resilience Transition) program to create a pilot project that could serve as a successful example for the upcoming developments. • Support the efforts of Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center by basing the upcoming developments in the research center. • Develop and promote the research center to attract a diverse range of crowd from various regions. • Create an economic development plan that focuses on strengthening climate research, renewable energy production, and job training. • Encourage private developers and the Narnia City Council to develop all the zoned research center areas in phases.

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Affordable Housing Development

Regional Connectivity

Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Housing is a matter of concern for the existing and incoming populations. So, there is a need to provide sufficient affordable housing units in cooperation with the Narnia Housing Authority. The preference should be to promote a variety of housing typologies to accommodate people from all age groups • Develop Housing in close proximity to transit corridors and job locations. • Locate Housing near local shopping centers, community facilities, and other recreational areas. • Encourage a diverse range of affordable housing typologies along with promoting mixeduse developments. • Work closely with the community organizations to understand the development needs and issues at a local scale. • Control sprawling and discourage developments that are either out of scale or don’t fit the context.

Coordinate with the Narnia City Council and the larger planning area with the Miami Metropolitan Area. The key to establishing regional connectivity lies in the coordination between the various local and state agencies. The regional connections should be designed to reduce traffic congestion. The Narnia Department of Transportation, Narnia Department of Finance, Narnia City Council, Miami’s Metropolitan Government, and other key local stakeholders should coordinate to develop the strategies. • Promote the development of the New Fury Interstate Road as the primary connector. • Support improvements to the arterial roadway systems like Sesame Street and Jump Street to help alleviate congestion and enhance safety. • Encourage use of the Valhalla Railroad corridor for goods and passenger transportation. • Support other ongoing initiatives to expand the regional connections to other regions.

It is projected that the Valhalla Railroad would develop as the main transit corridor for Narnia. The Narnia Department of Finance and the Narnian Department of Transportation would work closely to increase the funding for the transit corridor and make it an important priority. The Hogwarts’ Climate Research Center would be another key stakeholder in creating the upcoming research centers in connection with the TOD. • Narnia Housing Authority would work to promote new housing developments in the TOD. • Other forms of public transport, including the bus transit system, would work in cooperation with the TOD to promote local connections to the transit corridor from all over the city. • Other energy-efficient alternatives, such as electric cars and other pollution-free alternatives are encouraged. • Bike and Pedestrian paths are to be included in the funding of the TOD by the Narnia Department of Finance.

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Summary of Recommendations

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Incentives Program

New Zoning Ordinances

The vision for Narnia is to develop a future that is sustainable and resilient. This could only be achieved through developments that have underlying sustainable core ideologies. The incentives program is a way in which private developers would receive incentives if they promote sustainable growth policies • Private Developments will receive additional development incentives if they prescribe to green building certification programs like LEED/WELL. Other forms of carbon reductions in the construction would receive additional development bonuses for similar types of developments. • Additional development rights will be granted if affordable housing units are provided within the housing development. • Inclusionary planning principles are highly encouraged to promote inclusion and diversity. • Incentive programs for solar installation should be established for the building owners and landlords. • The subsidy should be conditioned along to the green industries that work in the frontier of climate research or renewable energy production.

Inclusion and diversity is fundamental to the City of Narnia. Developing a welcoming environment without discrimination is to be steered in future developments. Creating new zoning ordinances is a part of the program in creating a resilient Narnia. • Mixed-Use should be encouraged, and a new zoning category would be created as a “mixeduse zone”. Private developers are encouraged and given development flexibility if they prefer to develop properties in such mixed-use zones. • The city should require inclusionary zoning for large new real estate developments with solid evidence from supply-demand study to represent the affordable housing needs.

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

• Conditional permits system, especially for office building developments, should be established for the purpose of achieving job-residential balance. • Zoning Ordinances for Historic Preservation, Neighborhood Conservation, Cultural Resource Protection, and Sensitive Habitat Conservation are to be established.

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Implementation Table 8: Implementation Details and Recommendations Current Status

Description

Adoption of Comprehensive Plan

Greenbelt Development and Natural Resources Conservation

Hogwartsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Climate Research Center Development

Imagine Narnia 2040

The Imagine Narnia 2040 is a comprehensive plan and one of the most important documents that act as a voice for Narnia for the next 20 years.

The Green Belt creates corridors that promote walking, biking, and conservation of green spaces. The space includes a variety of green buffer corridors that would host a variety of community activities.

Contribute to research progress on climate change and function as an anchor point for creating jobs and an institutional network within the city.

Overview

Narnia Today

Plan Created

Proposed in the plan

Priority Year & Phasing

To be adopted by the third quarter of 2020.

Phase 1 (by 2021) - Identify all the possible conservation corridors. Phase 2 (by 2022) - Develop the green belt in the Hogwartsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Climate Research Center. Upcoming Phases - Develop other corridors based on their neighborhood requirements.

Phase 1 (by 2025) - Complete the pilot project in a fully functional manner. Phase 2 (by 2030) - Kick start the other projects with different stages of development. Phase 3 (by 2040) - Complete all the projects in a fully functional manner.

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Affordable Housing Development

Regional Connectivity

Developing affordable housing systems as a part of the plan to be able to accommodate every resident of Narnia and strike a balance in the housing market.

Develop regional connections to the Miami Metropolitan Area and to other cities.

Ongoing

Ongoing and phasing depending on the population growth trends and needs.

Ongoing

Phase 1 (by 2025) - Complete the Fury Interstate Road. Phase 2 (by 2035) - Develop other road and rail systems connecting to other locations.

Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Adopt a development plan that would be based on the Valhalla railroad.

Proposed in the plan

Phase 1 (by 2022) - Create all the transit stations in the Valhalla Railroad Upcoming Phases - Develop other public transit systems and local infrastructure based on the needs.

Incentives Program

Develop incentives program is a way in which private developers would receive incentives if they promote sustainable growth policies.

Proposed in the plan

Site-specific and based on developer and community needs

New Zoning Ordinances

Developed to promote mixed-use zoning, Historic Preservation, Cultural Resource Protection, and Sensitive Habitat Conservation.

Proposed in the plan

Phase 1 (by 2021) - Identify zones for classification to develop zoning ordinances. Other Phases - Zoning ordinances adopted varying from project to project.

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix

Gross Estimates of Supply and Demand Acreage by Generalized Land Use Categories Open Industrial / Community Other Commercial Residential Recreational Transportation Vacant Water Space Institutional Facilities (Mixed-Use) Demand 478 42 138 1,401 60 180 80 382 382 117 Supply Existing Land Use (2020) 6,232 71 Future Land Use (2040) 3,589 110 Surplus (Supply - Demand) 3,111 68

Total 3,260

122

905

112

125

126

7,807

342

1,494

156

188

362

400

1,040

126

7,807

204

282

658

4,547

Gross Acreage by Generalized Land Use Categories

Open Industrial / Community Other Commercial Residential Recreational Transportation Vacant Water Space Institutional Facilities (Mixed-Use) Existing Land Use (2020) 6,233 71 122 905 66 112 125 26 126 22 Floodplain Removal (3)

(85)

Additional Removal (2,644) -

(60)

Newly Created -

305

714

342

1,494

Future Land Use (2040) 3,589 110

Imagine Narnia 2040

Overview

(125)

(22)

(5)

(6)

(180)

(80)

(2)

532

112

242

282

658

Narnia Today

Direction Setting

Total

7,808 (246)

(117) (2,551) 104

1,595

7,808

Areawide Land Policy Plan

Community-wide Land Use Design

Climate Research Center Plan

Development Management Plan

Appendix