THE VEGAN SOCIETY Founded
November,
1944
A D V O C A T E S that man's food should be derived from fruits nuts, vegetables and grains, and E N C O U R A G E S the use of alternatives to all products of animal origin. Minimum
subscription. 5s. per annum, which includes " T h e Vegan " quarterly. Life Membership. £5. LITERATURE
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" An Address on Veganism " By Donald Watson
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" Vegan Viewpoint " By Fay K. Henderson
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" Man and Nature " By Leslie J . Cross
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" Should Vegetarians eat Dairy Produce? " By Donald Watson ' . . . .
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" Vegetarian Recipes without Dairy Produce " By Margaret B. Rawls
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" Is Milk a Curse?" By James A . Goodfellow, M . B . C . M .
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" Man's Natural Food " By Dr. Sydney M . Whitaker " T h e Vegan " 1947 Numbers Set of four complete . Spring and Summer 1948 FROM
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M I D L A N D S —Mrs. K. V . Mayo. " Streetly, Staffs. B R I S T O L . — M r s . E . Hughes, M A N C H E S T E R . — M i s s Ann E. Owens, Northenden.
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THE
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Quarterly Journal of The Vegan Society Editor:
Vol. IV.
G. A L L A N HENDERSON, R Y D A L LODGE, AMBLESIDE
AUTUMN,
1948
No. 3
EDITORIAL Brave, New World? do not personally read " The People,'' but several copies, of ' ' the article featured on page two of the 4th July issue were forwarded to us, and we are grateful to the senders. This article explains that this year's total, milk supply has been increased due, chiefly, to improved individual yields by the use of artificial insemination. "This enables a good bull to produce upwards of 1,500 calves a year, instead of thirty, by nature's methods. There are now breeding stations all over the country where heavy-milking strain? are developed. and, instead of a farmer keeping or hiring a bull, he has his- cows injected with selected semen. The article, .however, reports a development on these methods. By using hormones—a stimulating substance—together with artificial insemination,, a way has been found of making one cow-conceive as many as twenty calves at the same time.. She does not, however, give birth to them, for, while they are still in an egg state, they are takenaway and injected singly into a score of other cows. • These, act as foster-mothers till the calves are born. Thus a cow can. give birth to a calf of which she: is in no way the mother and- without having been in the. presence of the bull which, is the father. The "Daily Mirror" of 16th August contained a report on experiments that British poultry scientists are: making to change a cock into the appearance of a hen by chemical injections: but such a cock cannot lay an egg.- A hen has been changed into a cockerel, but ' cannot take any part in helping to produce further chickens. Also, the sex of any egg can be fixed by injecting a male or female hormone through the shell,'but" none of these man-made hens can lay a proper egg : those they do produce have, no shells. These experiments are still incomplete, so" are .likely to continue. • " These, surely, are dreadful examples of the exploitation of' the animal sex functions, and one might indeed wonder whither it is ail leading us. . Why stop at, poultry and cattle? " For what is a "man profited, if he shall, gain the whole world but lose his own soul?"• . Far better to shake oneself entirely free of all this-callousness .and dangerous meddling by adopting and adhering strictly to a , vegan diet and so gain freedom of mind, a healthy body, and an unfettered spirit. ... i: .-J Irs
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GOOD AND EVIL B y MARION R E I D
"That there is pain and evil, is no rule That I should ma\e is greater, li\e a fool."—LEIGH HUNT. f _ P H E R E is much truth in Mr. Moule's thoughtful article in the Summer Issue of " The Vegan," and it seems worth while considering some of the points raised as impartially as possible. The whole question is connected with the problem of the origin of evil. W e are told in the Bible that God made the world and that after He had made it He saw that it was good. It may seem good to holiday-makers by the sea in the sunshine, but it did not seem good to the young poet Keats sitting by the sea at Teignmouth 130 years ago: " I have a mysterious tale And cannot speak i t : the first page I read Upon a Lampit rock of green sea-weed Among the breakers; 'twas a quiet eve, T h e rocks were silent, the wide sea did weave A n untumultuous fringe of silver foam Along the flat brown sand ; I was at home And should have been most happy—but I saw T o o far into the sea, where every maw T h e greater on the less feed everymore. But I saw too distinct into the core O f an eternal fierce destruction, And so from happiness I far was gone. Still am I sick of it, and though, to-day, I've gathered young spring leaves, and flowers gay O f periwinkle and wild strawberry, Still do I that most fierce distinction see, T h e shark at savage prey, the hawk at pounce, T h e gentle robin, like a pard or ounce, Ravening a worm "
Mr. Moule feels all this when he writes : " Exploitation, suffering, misery, want, cruelty, are by no means limited to the animal kingdom, and are evidences of Man's disharmony with Universal and Divine Law." What'is this Law? Did Keats find it when he wrote his final answer to the riddle of the Universe : " Beauty is truth, truth beauty—that is all Y e know on earth, and all ye need to know."
Vegans believe in beauty so strongly that they are determined to make their lives beautiful from the foundations upwards by banishing all exploitation of other lives as far as possible. They are full of hope, although they themselves cannot yet tell what the result of their magnificent adventure will be, but they are waiting and watching. They believe that by seeking to live in accordance with the highest ethical laws they may find the "Open Sesame" to a life of perfect peace and harmony, and thus be of the greatest service to both men and animals. Veganism is not based on a negative law of nonkilling only, but rather on a warm, vibrant sentiment of goodwill and brotherhood towards all living creatures.
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Mr. Moule objects: " The cutting of vegetables, the removal of fruit, all entail exploitation and pain to sensitive nervous systems, which, although not obvious, may be none the less real." " The implication of this assertion is that you commit murder any way, whatever you eat, so why bother? It is an argument much used by flesh'eaters against vegetarians and it has no special application to vegans. This assumption is based on the conclusions of the eminent Indian scientist, Sir Jagadis Bose, of whom the scientific correspondent of The Manchester Guardian wrote : " His gift of physical invention enabled him to construct extremely sensitive apparatus for the detection of movement in plants. With these detectors he was able to show that plants had unsuspected powers of response to weak stimuli. He showed that messages went along certain channels in plant leaves, and compared these channels with the nerves' of animals. He compared the movement of the sap to the circulation of the blood."
Note that he did not actually state that plants had nerves; he simply compared certain channels in plant leaves with the nerves of animals just as he compared plant sap to blood! The same correspondent stated further: " The majority of experimental biologists still do not agree with Bose's interpretation of his observations on plants. They regard his comparisons of dead and living matter and of plant and animal life as uninstructive . because they are not based on a sufficiency of precise details. The estab' lishment of the existence. of nerves in plants requires observations of hundreds of parallels besides the passage of electrical and motor disturb' ' ances. It seems to Bose's critics that he has never thoroughly grasped the. • conception of control in biological experiments. He seems to them to have made the mistake most frequently made, by physicists entering the study of biology-—to suppose that simple biological experiments can also be exact; Dead matter is simple enough to give exact answers to simple questions, but living, matter is usually too complicated to give instructive answers to simple questions. His critics find his parallels 'between the behaviour of dead matter, animals and plants, far too vague tobe-heipful."
Dr. Demarquette, describing a visit to Sir jagadis Bose in Calcutta, said: " It is possible that our work of preaching vegetarianism has been rendered rather more difficult by the use, or rather the abuse, which people have made of Sir Jagadis Bose's great discoveries with regard to the sensitiveness of plants. People say: Why do you refrain from eating flesh, on 'the ground that you refuse to kill? Are you not. killing carrots and other vegetables? When I mentioned this to Sir Jagadis himself he smiled and said: " Well, it is very extraordinary. Do not those people realise that in all forms of animal life there are only differences of degree, and ' not a difference of nature ? Perhaps it is true that by eating a plant we • . are killing a plant; but there is a very great difference between killing' a , plant and killing an animal, whereas there is not a great difference between ..killing an animal and killing a human being—the difference between these two'being a difference of degree and not of nature. . T .". W e are, there' fore, able to dispose of the argument in this way, on the authority-of the 'scientist who himself discovered the sensitivity of plants." \
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The great Leonardo da Vinci wrote on this subject: " Nature has given pain to all living beings who are endowed with movement, in order to preserve the instruments which, through movement, might be injured. Living beings without movement do not necessarily need to strike against the objects opposed to them. So we see that pain is not necessary to plants. If we hurt them they do not feel pain as animals do. Wherever there is movement, there is also pain, in order to protect the movement."
In fact, no human being is in a position to state positively that plants feel pain, because of the immense gulf between human life and vegetable life, which no kind of language has been able to bridge. Plants cannot express their feelings to us, whereas animals can do so in all sorts of ways. Mr. Moule also says : " T h e stirring of the soil, the very act of walking about, inevitably cause suffering and death to innumerable forms of life. One must therefore be careful that one does not become bound by an ideal or an " ism " to the exclusion of the power of discerning true fundamentals."
The microscope has revealed that even when we drink a glass of water we destroy innumerable forms of life. Our ideal must be practical and surely the fundamental in this case is to adopt a way of life which adds the minimum of suffering to those who share this planet with us. The rest of Mr. Moule's article is very fine. It may be taken as a challenge to vegans not to be content with a mere change of diet byt to accompany this with a change of heart and mind towards spiritual freedom, sloughing every mental restriction in this spiritual progression founded on universal love towards all living creatures. As Browning wrote: " T h e common problem, yours, mine, everyone's, Is not to fancy what were fair in life Provided it could be—but, finding first W h a t may be, then find how to make it fair, Up to our means: a very different thing."
NOTE.—We submitted the President's Log and the above article to Mr. Moule, and he has offered the following comments: One purpose of my article was to point out the impossibility of consistent adherence to the Commandment " Thou shalt not kill"— so often stated as the foundation-stone of veganism. More particularly, however, I desired to direct attention to the vast amount of energy and emotion expended in animal welfare, whilst the causes of the cruelties and exploitations inflicted upon human beings here and throughout the world, are either unrealised or ignored or avoided. When the human mind has been freed from greed, fear and acquisitiveness we shall have no difficulty in understanding our true relationships with all forms of life.
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TRAVELS OF TWO VEGANS IN THE WEST INDIES B y EVELYN CROCKER
IHpHE British Consul in Havana dubbed us "The innocents Abroad," -*- but we are not quite so innocent at the end of our nine weeks'1 travels of ten thousand miles oh land and sea, during which time we did not deviate from'die vegan way of life. We had formed a pen friendship with vegetarians in Southern Cuba. They owned large citrus plantations and offered us land and training in the business. It sounded good and we thought the place might ultimately become a Vegan Centre. We obtained visas from the Cuban Authorities through the British Consulate, and secured passages on a five-thousand-ton ship bound to fetch sugar from the Republic of Dominicana- We thought.it would be an easy matter tt> get from there to Cuba,, but, owing to political differences, all passenger services were suspended. Flying was the best method of transport, but our baggage precluded this, although we had reduced our possessions to a minimum. The ckptain and crew were very helpful, friendly and co-operative, especially the stewards. We had with, us a little fruit, plenty of nuts, vegetable fat, two large home-baked wholewheat loaV6s, a little dried fnlit, nut cream, bfown sugar and twi> cartorts of Vecon. The ship supplied us with lettuce, tomatoes and various fresh vegetables from which we made our salads. We also had baked potatoes, plenty of cereals, dried fruit, tomato' and fruit juice, and some tiftned fruit. We left snowy Greenock enveloped in mist and passed out into the fog and the heaving grey waters. Twenty-feet waves lashed our bows, and the lowering skies broke into sheeting rain. After passing the Azores, we were moving over sparkling blue seas with little whitecrested waves. Silvery flying fish darted out as our bOws cut the water, and disappeared again in the flyiiig spray. After seventeen days' voyaging, we anchored off San Pedro de Macores in DOminicana, and rode fifty-six miles by truck to the capital and port of Ciudad Trujfllo, passing through fields of sugar cane and scrub-land and native villages. There were many brilliant flowering trees and shrubs, all putting on vivid new spring growth. We stayed ten days at -an "all native" hotel. Day temperatures were well over 100° F.! Nights ware cooler, but we needed only a sheet and a mosquito net as covering. Coconuts and bananas grew abundantly, and all kinds of tropical fruits : our three daily meals were made from these fruits, with coconut milk. The fruit and vegetable market was in a weldplanned modern building. W e saw the Dominicanans (and the Cubans) eating white rolls, white sugar, white rice, beans, cooked vegetables, mfeat and chicken: they drank coffee or chocolate. All at the hotel Were very interested in Our food, and we explained as much as we could in spite of language handicaps.
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W e obtained passages on a small Spanish cargo ship bound for Havana, and the trip took four days, along the southern coasts of Dominicana and Haiti, up through the Windward Passage and along the northern coast of Cuba. W e arrived in port on a glorious sunny morning, the white "skyscraper" buildings being silhouetted against a bright blue sky. W e left our baggage "in bond," obtained a bedroom at a good hotel, and ate at a restaurant serving vegetarian meals. These consisted of salad (with oil and lemon), brown bread, vegetables, rice, macaroni and beans, tastily cooked, and also fruit. W e found a state of inflation in Cuba much higher than in U.S.A. Even simple living was not cheap, although all goods were in plentiful supply, and the fruits and vegetables, which were sold by Chinese vendors in the market, were reasonably priced. W e saw the Havana Spring Carnivals, which portrayed all aspects of Cuban life. The dancing was chiefly to the Conga rhythm, and an interesting item was the Sugar Cane Cutting Dance. W e had a good friend in the British Consul, and he gave us sound advice, as a result of which we did not proceed the final five hundred miles. W e spent the last part of our visit with a 1939 Austrian refugee family. They had lost all their money by failure in business in Havana and had suffered much. They were very interested in veganism, and the wife took note of our meals with the intention of trying them for her family. W e went from Havana by train to Cienfuegos, a south coast sugar port. T h e travellers were a motley crowd—bronzed, booted, and spurred planters in large sombreros, chattering, laughing Cubans, and all kinds of negro and Indian types. The engine was fitted with a searchlight, cowcatcher and ship's bell, and was started and halted by a cord pulled from any part of the train. W e travelled through miles o f sugar plantations, and many small towns and villages. Planters' homesteads were pleasant, and many of the village huts had a fruit and vegetable plot and chickens. The temperature was high— over 110° F. in Cienfuegos. There were large cacti growing by the wayside and plenty of dust and mosquitoes, and the heavy odour of sugar and molasses pervaded the air. Dockers were paid about £5 per day for loading the sugar, yet there was much poverty. Passages to England had been obtained for us by the British Consul on a sugar cargo ship, and we signed on as supernumeraries, the voyage lasting twenty-three days. The captain and crew could not have been kinder, and the steward did his utmost to please us. He invited us into the ship's stores, and said : " Now, if there is anything here you can eat, you are welcome to i t ! " W e had mixed nuts, left over from an Argentinian trip, black figs (scorned by the crew), raisins, prunes, lentils, peas, beans, shredded wheat, olive oil, plenty of oranges and bananas, and a small amount of lettuce, tomatoes and other vegetables. W e steamed along the southern coast of Cuba, turned north through the Windward Passage, and along the northern coasts of Haiti and Diminicana to Porto Rica and into port at San Juan for fuel oil. Porto Rica is under American jurisdiction, and
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an American doctor came aboard and vaccinated the whole crew, with the exception of ourselves after protest. The ship was thoroughly, inspected. Evenually we arrived at Falmouth, where we disembarked and signed off. W e came to the conclusion that the climate of Cuba was too hot' for us. We were obliged to seek the shade and missed cooling showers and breeses. The scarcity of rain for long periods causes dust and dirt everywhere. The fruits and coconuts were good, but the vegetables must be grown by irrigation, and the forced growth makes them lack flavour and keeping quality.- The virgin soil is wonderful, and will produce four, five, and even more crops without attention, and it is therefore being exploited in the large-scale production of sugar. It was sad to see how the dark-coloured folks had relinquished their natural way of living aiid had adopted the artificial and less beneficial ways of the light-coloured peoples. For us a whole array of world problems were brought vividly to the forefront. Cuba could be a wonderful land for young vegans and perhaps some will try it one day,
CORRESPONDENCE. On N a t u r e Cure and Honey ,, You state that " It was never intended by nature as human food." Does that prove, therefore, that nuts, fruit and vegetables were intended for us? Man must eat to live, in his present state of evolution, but, after all, even plants are a form of life. Pure logic is devastating! Do vegans condemn carnivorous animals as necessarily ..wicked forms of life? It may be true that we have evolved beyond thait stage and, may evolve still further until, we live, pure spirits, on light and air. Recently "I became vegetarian quite naturally through coming to loathe meat when I had to cook for myself. I found my health and spirits vastly improved. Now I have become a vegan, as I find milk, eggs and cheese are causing catarrh and a " liverish " condition. Entirely selfish reasons! None the less, it as intensely interesting to me to find that the gentler life is also the. more healthy one. The killing of animals for food has always filled me with horror. Nature Cure also supports the contention that all life is sacred because not even germs are thought of as dangerous now, In fact, they exist only in the soil of filth inside a badly-fed body and are really our friends, because they help to clean out the dirt ! When we use germicides .we defeat our own ends. If we eat cleanly, then germs cannot breed in us. But if, through faulty feeding and generally unhealthy living, we should become ill, the natural method of healing can deal with these ticklish, intruders in the most effective way possible, by clearing out of the body all the toxic matter on which they live, thus leaving the patient far healthier than before. • So, I do wish'every success to The Vegan Soqety. Their sane ideas are surely the answer, both morally and physically, to a pitifully bewildered world. - A.R., London. Cood Health a t Sixty Vegetarianism will sooner or later have to face up to the new situation arising out of the'Vegan movement. I regret that at present, owing to the nature of my work, I am unable to take a more active part in the work;
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I am pleased however to be a member, as it seems to me that all like-minded persons should join together—it at least gives some idea as to where we stand. Just a personal note to finish. I have been a vegetarian for quite a long time. Some years ago I gave up using dairy products as not fitting in with my ideas of vegetarianism, and gradually became what is now known as a vegan, and in fact did not know that there were any others until the Society was formed, when I hastened to join. During the years the health side of vegetarianism never occurred to me, as I have always taken good health for granted. Looking back I can say that I have,enjoyed very good health indeed, without any suggestions of having had, or ever likely to acquire, any Of the ailments usually associated with middle age or later. H.J.L., Manchester. Strenuous at Seventy Enclosed I send my subscription for membership of T h e Vegan Society. I am well over 7 0 years, and have been a strict vegetarian for 55 years. T h e last three years I have been a vegan, all dairy produce cut out of my diet. T h e result is that 1 am able to do a strenuous day's work of twelve hours in the garden and enjoy it. I wish the Society every success in its work, and the attainment of its objects, but the regular meat-eater is a very stubborn creature to convert. H . E . C . , Northampton. Convinced !, M a n y thanks for sending the Vegan pamphlets. I read them with much interest and it did not take me very long to discover that one cannot be a true vegetarian unless one becomes a vegan. I shall be very pleased to become a member of the Society, for I am in full agreement with the vegan way of life and all it stands for. I have not taken any dairy produce since the morning I travelled north to Windermere, when I had a cup of coffee on the t r a i n ! So will you please accept this very new vegan, nearly four weeks old, as a member? I enclose P . O . . . . . G.F.C., Essex. A Good Rule O n page 13 of the Summer " V e g a n , " second paragraph, the last sentence, " T h e social difficulty . . . " challenges the crux of the situation, and I always feel ( a n d have experienced) that the only safe thing to do is to act under all conditions in the spirit of M r . Churchill's words (the modern version of Shakespeare's " to thine own self be true " ) : " T h e r e is one simple guide in times of difficulty, and that is to do what is right and honourable ahd to do one's d u t y . " I have always found that courtesy follows this rule, and people accept one's standard when it is realised that principle is involved. For ten years I have managed to keep the rule under extreme difficulties. M.F., Tonbridge. From South Africa I have studied the correspondence in T h e Vegetarian Messenger on the vegan diet for some time, and have now decided in favour of veganism. I have been a strict vegetarian for nearly thirty years, and although I have just passed the seventieth milestone in age and enjoy excellent health, it is never too late to mend and I wish to mend. I am enclosing a subscription of jEI and would esteem it greatly if you would send me T h e Vegan quarterly and a few recipes without the use of dairy products. I have plenty of vegetarian books. In South A f r i c a nearly all salads are easily obtainable all the year round, also fruit and peanuts. J . F . D . , Johannesburg.
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VEGANISM ABROAD
U.S.A. We recently received the following letter from Mr. Rubin Abramowit?, California:
" Dr. K.N. has joined me in Oceano with the idea of developing a vegetarian community. W e have several families living here already. A few of us are vegans and would be interested in forming a vegan group in the U.S. Since you already have a fine magazine publishing principles, ideals, comments and criticisms, I believe that we should ally ourselves with you. If you can give us a page or two to publish items of interest to American vegans, we would thus work together, nationally and internationally. It might interest you to know that we have thousands of vegans in this country, but they are not organised into an effective group for education, culture, propaganda, etc."
In acknowledging, we expressed our pleasure and offered full cooperation, receiving this reply: . . . . W e put an advert, in The American Vegetarian concerning a vegan group, and have received several answers thus far, one person having joined already. I am wondering whether you could include an American Vegan NewsLetter in your magazine. I could send you whatever news we have available and you could edit it as you see fit. I will also try to get up a vegan article for publication in The American Vegetarian newspaper. The editor is a personal friend of mine, and I am sure he will help us out as much as he can. I do hope we will be able to work together and help build a strong international organisation. I am in touch with the heads of organisations in European countries and I will ask them to organise along vegan lines too."
We already have quite a number pf members throughout the States, and will give all the assistance required towards the formation of an American Group or a separate, properly constituted Society. One of these members wrote us recently: " I have just received my first copy of " The Vegan," and I am very much pleased with it. I shall look forward with eagerness for each issue. I especially agree with Mr. James in what he says in his article OP Veganism and Science. I can give my " Vegan " to a friend to read, whereas there are so many magazines, etc., on vegetarianism that are always dabbling in some mystic occultism that you couldn't conscientiously give to a friend to read."
Another was content to return the front cover of his (or her) copy of " The Vegan " Summer Number, with the words: " How about human exploitation?" Like everyone else, we dislike anonymous communications, and would welcome a letter from this reader amplifying his question, as we are quite ready to discuss this subject with him. We would, in fact, invite readers to express their views on the relationship between human exploitation and veganism. Under the heading of " Emancipation from Animalism," the American national weekly, " The Broom," printed in its issue of August 23rd the full Editorial of our Summer Number, and on the same page, under the heading of " Books to Study," detailed our literature available. W e are very grateful for this unsolicited publicity.
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Holland T h e vegan movement is operating quite strongly in The Netherlands, and it is confidently hoped that The Dutch Vegetarian Society will recognise the Vegan Section which has been formed by granting some space regularly in their monthly magazine for an expression of vegan views. During this year, the " Bode " has already opened its pages to matters concerning our movement, the May issue giving particulars of the development of our Society and inviting those interested to communicate with our representative over there. The June number gave a translation of the quotations by Edmond Szekely which appeared in our Spring issue, and also of the article, " A t the Kitchen T a b l e , " by V e r a Hewitt. In July the " Bode " carried a translation of Mr. James' article, " Veganism and Science—and a Warning," with a commentary by Dr. T i n a Kaayk, of which the following is a free translation : " W h i l e reading this article I could not help thinking of the discussions at the meeting of M a y 22nd in Amersfoort, where some members suggested that it was desirable to have philosophic-occult articles in the ' Vegetarische Bode.' If we, however, regard the ' B o d e ' as a means of propaganda, especially for outsiders, then I agree 100 per cent, with M r . James that we must not do this, but that we shall reach the public much better by laying stress on ethics, aesthetics, humanism, health, economics and science. Even if one regards the * Bode * mainly as an instrument of internal mission among its readers, I still think that such articles are not suitable for the members of our Society, because we have a certain percentage ( R o m a n Catholics, members of orthodox protestant church, adventists) who not only will not appreciate these articles, but may be felt hurt by them. T h e r e are sufficient interesting aspects of vegetarianism within the lines indicated above to make our journal interesting for both members and outsiders."
In August, the " B o d e " contained an interesting discourse on various aspects of veganism written by our representative (Mr. Jan Jans, of Amsterdam), who, by the way, has for more than a year now restricted his diet to wholemeal bread (without fats) and apples or apple juice or cherries. W e can personally testify to the physical health and mental energy which have resulted from this frugal fare.
". . . question. organised man. He any claim
Everything else depends upon the solution of the milk If the milk remains, so does the cow and with it the massacre which animals have to undergo at the hands of who clings to the use of milk in any form, let him renounce to advance a New Humanity, it is impossible to unite both."
—BRUNO W O L F F .
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THE PRESIDENT'S LOG T N his article in the Summer Number of " The Vegan," Mr. Moule -*- states: " The exploitation of the animal is not a necessary part even of a lacto-vegetarian regime, but is an expression of human avarice, greed, fear and commercialisation." That the offence is aggravated by avarice is obvious, but it is a basic precept of vegan philosophy that milk cannot be humanely produced even when the best conditions are provided. Doubtless the Editor of "The Vegan" would welcome an article describing how all the objections concerning milk production can be overcome. This, rather than unsupported statements, is what we are waiting for. To the vegan, the moral argument against the use of animals' milk seems unanswerable. Less space has been devoted in our literature to the question of the use of eggs. Veganism would be a fetish if all animal foods were condemned merely because they were animal foods. Each must be studied in turn and a separate case established proving it to be undesirable. Concerning the use of eggs, it is insufficient to base the objection on the deplorable battery system now widely in operation, or to the fact that millions of poultry are living under unhealthy and cruel conditions in backyards. These conditions could be abolished. So long as eggs are excluded from vegan diet, a case must exist against their use even when produced under good conditions. For centuries healthy poultry were kept by country folk who made use of wholesome fresh eggs to enrich their diet. What can the vegan say against this, or similar poultry-keeping to-day? First, let it be asked to what extent nature intends seed of any kind to be used for reproductive purposes, and to what extent it is meant to serve as food for other species. In the case of plants, they are so prolific that only a small percentage of the seeds ever mature. The vast majority fall on stony ground, or they germinate only to be forced out of existence by competing with others in the relentless struggle for food, light and air. With such apparent extravagance in the production of seed, it is clear that nature does not intend seed to be used purely for the purpose of creation. This extravagance does not apply only to plants. In some cases, notably among insects and fish, seed is produced in even greater excess of the requirements of the species for reproductive purposes. It is said that perhaps only one of the half-million eggs ejected into the sea by the herring makes contact with a spermatozon to create a new life. The rest perish, or are eaten by other fish. How far does this secondary intention of nature that seed may be used for food apply to the use of the eggs of birds by man? If there were no other consideration, it would seem that nature's primary intention would be fulfilled if man guaranteed the continued survival, under healthy conditions, of the species concerned. This would not be difficult, for under man's care the birds could be protected against
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starvation or attack by stronger creatures. If there were no other consideration, a strong case would exist for giving certain birds such protection against the cruel forces of nature, and taking in exchange their surplus eggs. It could be argued that such an arrangement would be a triumph over the conditions of environment, just as man triumphs when he uses his intelligence to build and sail a boat, or provide himself with shelter, or turn a crab apple into a Cox's orange pippin. Such an argument is stronger than any that can be advanced to justify the use of animals' milk. Early man almost certainly used the eggs of birds as food, just as apes do t c d a y , therefore they cannot be regarded as wholly unsuited to his anatomy. It is difficult to prove that the eggs of healthy birds, taken in moderation, are harmful to the human body, and as they are good to the taste of most folk, the vegan argument that they should be excluded from man's diet must centre on the difficulty of keeping fowls for their eggs without exploiting or slaughtering them. Some vegetarians, conscience stricken by the wholesale slaughter conducted on poultry farms as soon as birds have passed their prime, have kept their own fowls and allowed them to die naturally, usually in the fourth or fifth year, being satisfied with fewer eggs as the birds become older. The eggs of such birds, if not fertilised, cannot be regarded as potential life, and, moreover, the taste and food value is not diminished. Assuming the conditions under which such poultry are kept are good, on what grounds can the vegan object? The objection is that the attempt to produce eggs humanely in this way is unsuccessful. The birds are deprived of the primary biological function of reproducing themselves. If this were permitted, there would be the problem of the surplus cocks. The fact that new stock is taken in the form of pullets from other poultry dealers merely shifts the responsibility. Until such time as the potential sex of an egg can be scientifically determined, the problem will remain, and humane egg production will be impossible. DONALD W A T S O N .
PRELIMINARY
ANNOUNCEMENT
It has been decided that this year's Annual Conference will be held on the afternoon of 27th November at Friends' House, Euston Road, N. W . 1, the subject being, " Veganism's Contribution to Health," and the platform will be occupied by a number of doctors and others well qualified to speak on this important aspect of our case. On the evening of that day the Annual General Meeting of The Vegan Society will be held in the same room, while, as before, a vegan tea will be served immediately after the Conference. Offers of hospitality for these occasions will be most welcome and should be submitted to the Secretary at Rydal Lodge, giving details.
THE VEGAN 15
NUTRITIOUS RECIPES B y MARGARET B . R A W L S
Vegetable Roll 5 ozs. wholemeal flour, 2 ozs. fat, 4 tablespoons Savormix, 2 medium sized shredded carrots, 1 teaspoon Yeastrel, 1 chopped onion, 1 large skinned and chopped tomato, 1 tablespoon finely chopped parsley or few mixed dried herbs, a little water and vegetable stock. Rub the fat into the flour and mix to a stiff dough with cold water. Roll out into an oblong shape, and spread the Yeastrel evenly all over. Mix the other ingredients together and moisten with, vegetable stock * to form a soft mixture. Spread' this over the pastry, roll up, damp and seal the ends, put on to a flat greased tin and bake in a moderate Oven for about three-quarters .of an hour. Creamed Onions 1 lb. onions, 1 tablespoon peanut butter, 1 tablespoon chopped parsley, a little Vesop Or other flavouring, small quantity of vegetable stock or water. Put the stock into a pan to boil, and add the onions roughly cut up. Put the lid on and cook for about ten minutes. Then carefully stir in the peanut, butter to make a creamy mixture, add the flavouring and parsley. Serve on toast or with green vegetables and potatoes. Steamed Carrot Savoury 8 ozs. grated carrot, 6 ozs, ground nuts, 1 finely chopped onion, 1 tablespoon finely chopped parsley, a little Vesop. Mix all the ingredients well together and put into a well-greased basin. Cover with paper or lid and steam for hours. Hot-Pot with Savoury Dumplings 2 lbs. mixed green and root vegetables, 1 large onion, 1 tablespoon oil, 2 cups vegetable stock or water, a little Vesop or Yeastrel. Put1 the oil into a pan and fry the chopped onion until a light: brown. Add the stock and bring to the boil before adding the cut-up vegetables. Allow to boil for a few minutes, then simmer for about one hour or turn into a hot casserole and cook in the oven. Savoury Dumplings 2 ozs. flour, 2 ozs. Savormix, ozs. fat, a little Vesop and vegetable stock or water: Rub the fat into the flour and Savormix, add a few drops of Vesop, and mix to a stiff dough with the stock. Form into balls arid roll well in wholemeal flour. Add the dumplings to the Hot-Pot and allow to cook for half-hour. Stir in more Vesop just before serving the Hot-Pot.
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Stuffed Onions 4 large onions, 1 large cup of wholemeal breadcrumbs, J'Cup ground nuts, 1 teaspoon mixed herbs, a little fat and Vesop. Peel the onions and boil in very little water for about twenty minutes : remove from the pan and cut piece off the top of each. Scoop out most of the inside and chop up into a basin. Add the breadcrumbs, nuts, herbs and Vesop. Put the mixture back into the onion cases, place them in a baking-dish, pour over each one a little melted fat, and bake for half-hour. Any water left from the boiled onions should be used for gravy, etc. Apple Crusty 1 lb. cooking apples, 4 ozs. wholemeal flour, 2 ozs. fat, 2 ozs. brown sugar, 1 teaspoon cinnamon. Cut the apples into small pieces, removing the cores, and put into a deep baking-dish. Rub the fat into the flour, add the sugar and spice, and press the crumb mixture on top of the apples. Bake in a moderate oven for three-quarters of an hour. Pear Trifle 1 lb. ripe pears, 2 tablespoons brown sugar, 1 large cup of Vitanut Flakes, J lb. dates, 1 large tablespoon nutcream. Peel, core and slice the pears and put them in a glass dish with the chopped dates. Cover with the sugar and allow to stand about twelve hours. Just before serving, sprinkle over the Vitanut Flakes, and spread the whipped cream on top. T o mix the cream, put it into a screw-top jar with a teacup of hot water, and shake vigorously for several minutes, allowing to cool before adding to the trifle. Elderberry Cordial Gather ripe elderberries and remove from the stalks with a folk : wash and place in a large pan, and just cover with cold water. Bring to the boil slowly, and simmer for ten to fifteen minutes. Tie some bruised root ginger and cloves in a piece of muslin, and boil with the berries. Break up the fruit as much as possible with a wooden spoon, and when cooked strain through a hair sieve or strong muslin. This juice can be diluted and sweetened with brown sugar, or it can be put into jars, sealed, and sterilized like fruit pulp. Steamed Fruit Pudding 4 ozs. wholemeal flour, 4 ozs. wholemeal breadcrumbs, 3 ozs. Suenut or other fat, 2 tablespoons syrup, 6 ozs. mixed dried fruit, about J-pint of nut-milk, grated orange or lemon peel if available. Rub the fat into the flour and add all the other ingredients. Mix well and put into a well-greased basin and steam for three hours. Serve with thin cream or custard sauce. (All enquiries and suggestions on food preparation should be addressed to Mrs. Rawls, at Sale, Cheshire.)
THE VEGAN /
C5
THE VEGAN BABY BUREAU B y KATHLEEN V . MAYO
Some Babies Prefer Savouries T T has been found that many children inherit the likes, the dislikes, and the tastes of their parents, which probably accounts for the preference they display, even at a very early age, for vegetable drinks and savoury dishes rather than sweetened ones. In such cases, Nuto Soup is found to be very acceptable to them, as it is pleasantly savoury, and can be made with any available vegetable water. Over forty years ago, Dr. George Black, of Torquay, a vegetarian doctor who did not believe in children being given cow's milk, recommended to many- of his patients that their babies should be weaned on to "Nuto Cream Soup." These weanings proved quite successful, but a request was made for a finer-ground product which could pass through the teat of a bottle, and accordingly "Nuto Cream Food" was produced. Many babies are being given this before they are nine months old, and afterwards change over to the "Soup.'' To conform with regulations, the word "Cream" has now had to be dropped from both names. When the baby is from six to nine months old, it is best to give a quarter-cup of raw carrot juice, followed, by two teaspoons of Nuto Food mixed with six ounces of water and brought slowly to the boil, kepi boiling for two minutes, then allowed to cool. At nine months, the quantities can be increased to half-cup of carrot juice (or sieved tomato), followed by Nuto Soup made in the same way but using a dessertspoon to half a pint of water, or with sieved steamed vegetables and less water. At ten months, a tablespoon of the "Soup" can be mixed with half a cup of water and the vegetables, with the addition of a little grated carrot and chopped lettuce. Gradually the cooked vegetable should be decreased and the fresh vegetable correspondingly increased, the quantity of the "Soup" being kept at a tablespoon. This can be served as a saiice with cooked vegetables, or with salad as a mayonnaise, thereby ensuring the required protein to give a balanced meal. This mayonnaise is always popular, and it can; be made with any vegetable stock. Alternatively, the dry Soup powder can be sprinkled on the salad at the midday meal. Vitamin D This question keeps cropping up in letters received from parents, who are anxious to know how Vitamin " D " can be obtained from foods of vegetable origin, and some enquire how it is that cod-liver oil apparently contains so much. The following extract from "Vital Facts About Food," by Otto Carque, provides this explanation, and will probably also give those mothers some reassurance: "The reason why cod-liver oil contains Vitamin ' D ' is because there are on the
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THEVEGAN"16
surface of the ocean trillions of tiny creatures called animalcules, or plankton (chiefly protozoans), who constantly absorb the ultra-violet rays of the sun. These floating microscopic creatures of light are eaten by the small fish, which in turn serve as food for the larger fish, whose liver provides a storehouse for Vitamin ' D.' Thus sunlight is carried to the sunless depths of the sea in the body of the big cod. However, we do not have to get our vitamins in this roundabout fashion from the liver of the cod. Green-leaf vegetables that grew in properly fertilized soil and were fully exposed to sunlight, are the natural, best and most economical source of all the vitamins, especially if these vegetables are eaten as near as possible in their natural state." Accordingly, if a child, or grown-up for that matter, has ample lettuce and other green-leaf salading, preferably freshly picked, and takes advantage of good weather periods by having short sun-baths, a good absorption of Vitamin " D " will be ensured. (Kindly address all Baby Bureau correspondence direct to "Braeside," Thornhill Road, Streetly, Staffs.—K.V.M.)
HORTI-VEGAN NOTES B y A L E C MARTIN
A D A I L Y paper recently featured the theory of "no-digging," and we shall be interested in the reports upon the experimental plot which is under cultivation by various methods, in strips across the rows of crops. In the article, the question was put: " Can it be possible that man has been wrong for two thousand years or so?" N o one need be surprised if the answer to this question turns out to be an emphatic " Yes," for there are many who consider that man has been wrong for many thousands of years in his exploitation of t}ie animal world. And, if the present sorry state of affairs in the world is an index, man has been wrong in many ways ever since the early days when he found he could exploit this and that. Man seems to delight in turning the world upside down—and not only with the spade and plough. Letters in the Soil Association Journal continue to report excellent results from no digging, even in heavy clay. In fact, many ideas are being reversed; for it has long been the custom to turn up heavy soils very roughly for the winter frosts to break down. It now appears that from the point of view of erosion, chemical losses and the killing of friendly soil organisms, this exposure may do more harm than good. W e can report excellent carrots, onions, and potatoes on undug ground, the potatoes in particular: the only ones harvested so far, Catriona, grown for the third year from own seed in undug ground without earthing up, yielded one root weighing 5 \ lbs. and many similar, with very few "smalls." What, however, is the best commendation is that they are very good to eat. But there is a tendency
THE VEGAN
17
in a heavy cropping root not earthed up for the top ends of some tubers to get above the ground and exposed to the light. So it is as well to watch for the swelling of the ground and to cover with a little, earth, compost or sawdust, where necessary. The rain has weathered the sawdust, which was spread on the. paths and under the bushes and has helped to keep the weeds in check. The compost heap, which has had liberal sprinklings of sawdust, is running very hotÂť and seems to be doing well; we have yet to see what the mature compost is like, but when digging into an old heap of sawdust it was difficult to distinguish the earth from the sawdust, which had matured to good dark humus, without help, in the middle bottom of the large heap. The Soil Association is concerned about the use of the words "compost grown" and "organically grown," and rightly so. There is a great difference, because the use of raw manufe, dried blood, and the like in large quantities, as is the custom with many market gardeners, is "organic" ad against "non-organic" artificials, but there is not much difference in the results. So also the word "compost" is used to describe very different products: the base may always be vegetation, but there is a difference between activating the heap with chemicals, or with an organic activator, or by merely leaving it to nature. It may not be easy to describe in a few words just what is being used to grow a crop, but the consumer is entitled to know this, for many humanitarians do not agree with many of the so-called "organic" methods, and it seems that some new words must be coined. It is all Very difficult for the vegan, for even the wholemeal flour of his daily bread is most likely made from wheat produced in conjunction with intensive dairy-herd manuring, with its attendant modern methods. " Naturally grown" seems to be a possible term, but a garden or a field with sections for one crop only is not at all " natural," because nature is continually introducing a mixture of species to battle for supremacy. We humans call them "weeds'" but we must admit that many of out cherished highly selected vegetables would not last long without our help, for they could not survive in the battle with "natural weeds." Ves, it is all very difficult, but we who are fortunate enough to have a garden can study and perhaps solve a few of these problems. (Vegans can assist one another greatly by an interchange of methods, ideas, exp Please submit these direct to Mr. Martin at " Bishop's Stortford, Herts.)-
Quoted in " The New Statesman " from " The Lancet" : A rural health visitoir had explained the dangers of raw milk, and suggested that her listeners should order only pasteurised milk. One of her audience said she would stick to ordinary raw milk, adding: " I'd rather drink a menagerie than a cemetery."
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THEVEGAN"18
HEALTH ADVICE BUREAU \ 7"EGANS who desire information on health and diet are invited * to state their case fully through the Editor, and Mr. C. C. Abbott, the well-known Health Practitioner, will give advice. QUERY : I am very thin, and would like some suggestions as to diet for putting on a little weight. I am 32 years of age, height 5ft. 7Jin., and weigh about 8£ stone. Otherwise I am perfectly healthy and live on salads, fruit, wholewheat bread, nuts and nut butter, etc. I have no breakfast and try to keep to Szekely's rule of two meals a day, though I sometimes fail in this. But I don't find I am really hungry for more meals.—M.M.C., London. REPLY : Probably two meals a day are adequate for you and I would recommend you to slightly increase the wholemeal bread and to include Pitman Nuto Soup and also nutcream as frequently as possible. Keep salad meals separate from fruit meals. An occasional cup of Slippery Elm Food made with Nut Cream will assist your weight. C.C.A. QUERY : I have chronic arthritis and the doctors have given me up as I am supposed to be disabled for the rest of my life. My age is 42 and I have had the arthritis for 20 years, during which I have been in dozens of hospitals. M y conscience told me not to give up, so I turned vegetarian, thinking that might help. There may be some improvement, but not much, so I have decided to eliminate the grains, milk, cheese, butter and eggs. Do you think I could get on by vegetable and fruit protein, and where would I get my Vitamin D ? I have lost about 10 lbs. in weight. Do you think it would be possible' to regain that on a Vegan diet? Do you think cows' milk injurious for arthritis and is it the calcium it contains that causes the joints to be stiff and painful? Would Soya milk be a good substitute? Whether a vegan diet helps me or not, I have made up my mind to change over to it, even though my friends say I am crazy. I have tried everything else and lost my money, but the arthritis still exists. Please let me know if I would improve on a vegan diet and wlial foods I should eat.—J.K., Pennsylvania. REPLY : You will derive very great help from following a vegan dietary, thereby allowing nature to help you. A good diet of cleansing and eliminative foods would be greatly to your advantage. For instance: Breakfast of dates, prunes, figs, apples or orange. Lunch—a good green salad which includes clover leaves, especially the white variety, although both are good : plaintain, the broad leaf, and sorrel. Dinner—a good vegetable meal, includ' ing an abundance of carrots, leeks, onions, and parsnips when available: two or three pieces of wholemeal bread daily and occasionally a little Froment, Nuto Soup and Bran. A good biscuit can be made of soya flour, wholemeal flour, bran and Froment, baked lightly. As a beverage burdock leaves, wild carrot tops and dock leaves made into a decoction which should be drunk freely. If joints are very painful, obtain some chickweed and ragwort. Boil them well, make a poultice and apply over the affected area and bind with a thick flannel, afterwards rubbing in a little olive oil and this, with a little perseverance, should loosen the stiffest joint.—C.C.A. QUERY : Mr. Watson mentions Dr. Hay in his pamphlet and it would seem that vegans do not follow his teaching that acid fruits and starches and sugars should be separated. I have followed the Hay diet for a long time now and he condemns peanuts, dried peas, soya, etc., and I think he may be right for I find these foods do give me indigestion. Also what about high and low blood pressure? My pulse is only about 61 and I have lost much weight and suffered from headaches. However, I have started eating more and including nut cream, etc., in my diet.—F.C., Lincolnshire. REPLY: I am not very struck on the Hay diet as it advocates that starch, acids and sugar should be separated. How this is possible in the laws of
THE VEGAN
19
nature I do not know and wrote to Hay on this subject many years ago, but he did not reply. Take, for instance, bananas, figs, grapes and dates, etc., which contain acids, sugar, pectine, etc. I greatly believe that a fruit meal is in itself sustaining: so also is a vegetable meal or a salad meal, but' when mixed they become a physical speculation over, which the body has no, or very little, control, especially if there is any disability in the digestive or assimilative organs. I would advise a nettle puree made by steaming nettles, rub them through a coarse sieve, replace in the saucepan with a little nut butter and cook for a few minutes. This gives a tremendous amount of sustenance and is invaluable in toning the blood cells, resulting in improved pulsation, etc. An occasional cayenne pod placed in the daily beverage assists the 'circulation tremendously.—C.G.A. QUERV : I have Conjunctivitis with pus formation in both eyes. Can you please advise me of any treatment which will cure this condition without operations? I have been a vegetarian for nearly 40 years, and for the last fortnight have lived on one meal a day - consisting of salad with dates. I have gall bladder trouble, and am allergic to starch, sugar, etc. Age 69'. Cannot sleep on above diet without strong sedatives.-—-Animal Lover, Tunbridge Wells ' i REPLY,,: Conjunctivitis is almost invariably either caused or aggravated by uric acid: conditions and the pus formation is an indication of the extent of the irritation. By all means do not have an operation as eye troubles indicate your physical states. Most vegetarians eat top much cheese and rarely do they digest and assimilate it and much less benefit by it. For the uric acid, drink tea from parsley and Buchu leaves, half ounce of each of the dried herbs t o make one quart and drink freely. As local application for conjunctivitis obtain some chickweed, mash or chop finely and put into a small gauze bag, moisten with hot. water and place over the eyes each night until the inflammation disappears. Include in your diet dandelion leaves and parsley.—C.C.A.
SOCIETY (and other) NOTES Calendar We are preparing the publication of a Calendar for next year, the size-being' * 41", and it will be printed in green on cream paper with one week to a page. The front cover bears an attractive scraper-board design by Mr. John Reid, and each page carries a quotation appropriate to the season, or expressing some aspect of veganism. The cost will be Is. 6d., post free, with envelope, and orders with cash may be sent now either direct to the Secretary or to. a Local Group. On the inside front cover are the words " Season's Greetings from . . . " as some members have already expressed a wish to send copies to their friends. If preferred, the Secretary will be pleased to mail copies direct just before Christmas on receiving the names and addresses of the intended recipients. Suggestion for a Christmas Box Many members of the Society (or readers of this journal) must include amongst their relatives and friends a number who, they feel, ought to receive a copy of " The Vegan " regularly, and it is suggested
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THEVEGAN"20
that this might be done by way of a Five-shilling Christmas Token. The Secretary at Rydal Lodge will therefore be pleased to arrange for the next four issues being mailed direct to these friends, and to insert a card stating the name of the donor. This would be an excellent means of widening the scope of the movement and of guiding many people towards this better way of life. Vegan Footwear Following the notice which appeared in our previous issue, we are now able to advise that Mr. Alfred Doggett, of West Hampstead, London, N.W.6, is in a positiofi to take orders for slippers, sandals, and walking shoes for men and women. He will be pleased to send full details and a self-measurement chart to anyone interested. This footwear is made of non-animal materials, and can be obtained in a variety of styles and colours. Public Libraries and Health Food Stores Members can render a useful propaganda service by prevailing upon their local public library to accept a copy of " The Vegan " regularly for placing on the Reading Room table, accessible to all comers. The Secretary will be pleased to send a copy of this and future issues to any library willing to accept them. Quite a number of Health Food Stores take this journal each quarter for sale to their customers, but others do not. Here, therefore, is another opportunity for members to increase our circulation : the usual trade terms will apply. Literature Available Attention is directed to the list appearing on page two of the cover and in particular to a new publication, " Vegan Viewpoint," by Fay K. Henderson, which is a reprint of four articles which have appeared in recent issues of " The Vegetarian.'* Report by the Treasurer On August 31st, The Vegan Society had funds in hand of about £88 after meeting all obligations. During the quarter to that date no contributions were received for the Secretarial Fund, which therefore stands at its previous total of £67 8s. 6d. Life Members now total forty-seven. The financial position of the Society will have to be reviewed and fully considered at the Annual General Meeting.
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MISCELLANEOUS
21
ADVERTISEMENTS.
(Two lines. 4 / - : extra lines. 1 / 6 ea.; 20% allowed on four consecutive issues.) LEARN T O SPEAK AND WRITE.—Lesson by v ( 5 / - ) . Classes (1/6).—Dorothy Matthews, B.A., London, N.W.3. ERImrose 5686.
e, ,
" VEGAN RECIPES."—By Mrs. Fay K. Henderson. Appetising and Nutritious''Fare without animal or dairy products. Revised Edition^ price ' • 2 / 8 , ready soon, from Rydal Lodge, Ambleside, Westmorland. H A V E DOCTORS failed you? MacDonald, D.P.Sc.,
Head noises, deafness, stiff neck.—-Katharine Glasgow; Fee 1 0 / 6 .
WOMAN, not young, small capital, own furniture, seeks another; View to earn modest living- which would conform to Vegan principles. Suggestions welcomed:—Cottle, 7 Elm Grove, Brighton, Sussex. HOUSEKEEPER (permanent) wanted for widower and baby daughter (two years).,. Modern•" house, convenient towns, country views, good' home. References required. State salary.—Archer, Eildon, Lichfield Lane, v Mansfield. '
ESTABLISHMENTS CATERING FOR VEGANS. CAMBRIDGE.—-Colonic irrigation, massage, infra-red radiant heat, diets, etc. —Mrs. E. Jepp (late Champneys), 1-9B Victoria Street. __Teir 2867. LAKE DISTRICT.—Beck Allans and Rothay Bank, Grasmere. Attractive ' guest houses for strenuous or restful holidays.—Write : Isabel james. LIGHTBECK Vegetarian Guest House, Underbarrow, Kendal, is happy to offer warmth, comforts and delights of home with the added interests of lovely books, charming country and' new friends: Children welcome. Phone Kendal 578. -. P E N A R T H . — " Vegetarian Home;" Rector? Road. • Rest, change, relaxation. Ideal situation. Pleasant holiday resort, overlooking sea. Attractive, generous catering. Send for new Brochure: SURREY HILLS—Vegetarian Country Club, i acres 700. ft. up. Holidays or short visits. All comforts. NO EXTRAS. Moderate.—Upwood House, Caterham. " SOUTH . DOWNS.—rVegans. welcomed on small fruit farm; Composted produce.—Mr. and Mrs. Everett; Castelmer, Kingston, Lewes. Tel. 524. SCOTLAND.—West Highland Coast. Vegans welcomed in private house ih grand situation ' overlooking sea-loch. Donald and Muriel Crabh: Achaglachgach, West Loch, Tarbert, Argyll. . STi. CATHERINE'S SCHOOL, Almondsbury, Nr. Bristol. — Progressive ' co-educational boarding school for children of all ages, specialising in "music,: • dancing,' crafts, etc., in addition to .usual academic subjects. 400 ft. up, overlooking Channel and Welsh Hills. Own produce.
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THEVEGAN"22
THE VEGAN GUEST CENTRE at RYDAL LODGE, near AMBLESIDE, WESTMORLAND would welcome some residents during the winter months and guests for the Christmas and New Year Parties. High standard of comfort, service and catering. Tel.:
AMBLESIDE
BOURNEMOUTH
Brochure on request.
208.
The all-the-year-round
health
resort
MERRYLANDS
W h e r e a small number of Vegans, Vegetarians, and those seeking the true and peaceful ways of life are welcomed. Most bracing part of Bournemouth. Secluded garden with fruit and vegetables ﾂｧ o t and cold basins and electric Peaceful atmosphere, spacious rooms, excellent W r i t e : Mrs. Elsie Neale, Merrylands, Newton Tel.:
PARKSTONE
H I N S T E A D
BINSTEAD.
1054
H O U S E
(Adjoining Coif
1
grown by clean methods. fires all rooms. beds. N o smoking. Crescent, Parkstone, Dorset.
Course)
ISLE OF
H O T E L
WIGHT
Fragrant Himalayan Deodars and Lebanon Cedars surrounding six acres of Green Lawns. 36 acres Tropical Gardens and rare flowering shrubs gently sloping to the sea. Fruit Orchards and Vegetable Gardens entirely compost grown. Varied for social activities. A haven of shelter where mimosa, rhododendrons, camellias and roses bloom in winter. Delightful in summer. Ideal for week-ends. Only half hour from Portsmouth. Write
for illustrated Brochure.
'Phone: Ryde 2152.
9
T H E
H A 1 I M O N Y
M I X E R
CiJ
Perfectly mixes, in a few seconds:窶年ut creams, Soylac, Baby Foods, Soups, etc. Really efficient, strong, hygienic. Standard model (2 pints), 7/6; Junior model (1 pint), 5/6, plus postage 8d. A few 4-pint models available at 10/6.
From I V O R H. SERCOMBE, " Harmony," Eastleigh Road, Devizes, Wilts.
"Just the thing to whet a jaded, appetite "
PITMAN
NUTMEAT BRAWN , J:
for the VEGAN and VEGETARIAN o.
.
THIS W E L L - K N O W N P I T M A N PRODUCT—A DELIGHTFUL C O M B I N A T I O N OF P I T M A N NUTMEATS A N D CAREFULLY SEASONED PURE VECETABLE JELLY—ADDS JUST THAT " LITTLE S O M E T H f N G " TO YOUR SALAD MEALS. SUPPLIES OF NUTMEAT B R A W N ARE FAIRLY CONSTANT," SO ASK AT YOUR HEALTH STORE FOR THIS P I T M A N FAVOURITE. Is. 4d. per nom. £-lb. Tin ©
In cases of" difficulty with local supplies please write to the sole makers :
PITMAN HEALTH FOODS LTD.
VITALAND . FOUR OAKS . SUTTON COLDFIELD
your meals with V E S O P E X T R A C T OF PURE VEGETABLE ORIGIN. It makes your Soups, Vegetables, Gravies, etc., most palatable. Y o u can obtain a savoury hot drink with V E S O P . Vegetarians and Vegans everywhere, ask your Health Food Store for VESOP. 1 / 6 per bottle (Recipe Book on request) V E S O P PRODUCTS LTD. 498 Hornsey Road, London, N.19 Telephone: ARChway 2457
HALL
GARTH
THERAPEUTIC HOME CHROMOTHERAPY HYDROTHERAPY
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PSYCHOTHERAPY
MANIPULATION
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CHIROPODY
PSYCHOPHANY -
LECTURES
I D E A L G U E S T HOUSE for quiet and recuperative holidays. 1 Vegetarian and Vegan. Apply V I O L E T H. W R A G G , A . M . I . C . A . OVER KELLET CARNFORTH LANCS Telephone: Carnforth 212.
VITASOY Dehydrated, Pasteurised and Vitaminised
t
INFANT a n d VEGETARIAN
Specially
5
S
{
FOOD
3/- p e r 500 g r a m , t i n
2
<
i i
5
prepared fof persons averse or allergic to cows' milk
Refer your Health Food Store for supplies and recipes to :
i
SOYA FOODS LTD.
<r wi' v.v" i 'V.'/ i1 v.v -
40 St. Mary Axe, London, E.C.3 irv.v"fv«v" i1 v«\/1 p v.\/ vv.v i1 v.'/tv.v/rv.v'v.vtv.v/1 f v.\/
i
It's the Garlic Four-and-a-half hundredweights of Mediterranean garlic corms yield only one pound of the essential oil. In every dose of NEORAN is the content of a whole corm, in convenient, inoffensive form.
that makes
NEORAN
nature's own remedial antiseptic This unique garlic content, combined with thymol and aniseed, is giving notable results in such varied conditions as gastritis, rheumatism, and catarrh, to name only a few. Ask for NEORAN (available in liquid, tablet and ointment form) at your Health Food Store or Chemist; informative literature free on request. SOLE
PIERCE
Manufacturing
POLLARD
MANUFACTURERS
A. ARNOLD, F.C.S. and
ROAD,
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MORDEN,
SURREY
CowJi
otaw*.
-
N o need to call them twice this morning—they'll be round that breakfast table in a twinkling. Fruitysweet -—- crunchy crisp — Fru-Grains supply the energy of natural sugar. That's what kiddies need and It^e. W h a t pity supplies are still so short From Health Food Stores anil ntnnv tracers M A P L E T O N ' S F R U - G R A I
N S
(formerly grains)
MAPLETON'S NUT FOOD CO. LTD. (Dot V.3) GARSTON, LIVERPOOL. 19
especially
VITAMINS
V i t a m i nB ,
honv
NATURE'S RICHEST SOURCE F R O M E N T can be added to any food to enrich its vitamin content. I N C A R T O N S , price 2/9d. (18-oz.) and 1 /7:3rd. (8-oz.). Obtainable from all Health Food Stores. The Manufacturers cannot supply direct to consumers. So/e
Manufacturers. Printed by H. H.
JOHN H.HERON LTD HOOK RD. MILLS.GOOLE.YORKS. GHEAVBS,
LTD.,
106/10, Lordship Lane, London. S-E.22.