The Vegan Autumn 1953 by The Vegan Society

T H E VEGAN SOCIETY Founded November,

1944

A D V O C A T E S that man's food should be derived from fruits, nuts, vegetables a n d grains, and E N C O U R A G E S the use of alternatives to all products of animal origin.

Minimum

subscription,

7s. 6d. per annum, which includes " T h e L i f e Membership, t l 7s. Od.

Honorary M r s . HILDA HONEYSETT, Honorary M r . L . C . WARREN,

Secretary:

, Ewell, Surrey.

Treasurer: , Dovercourt, Essex.

THE VEGAN J O U R N A L OF T H E V E G A N Editor:

SOCIETY

M r . JOHN HERON,

Editorial

Vegan."

, Reigate, Surrey.

Board: M r s . M U R I E L DRAKE, M r s . E L S I E B. SHRIGLEY, M r . GORDON R . M C G I N L E Y , M r . J A C K S A N D E R S O N .

Manager:

M r . JACK SANDERSON,

LOCAL VEGAN LONDON—Mr.

Donald

YORKSHIRE.—Miss N r . Leeds. MIDLANDS.—Mr. War. BRISTOL.—Mrs.

, London,

S.W.10.

GROUPS AND

Cross,

Stella

SECRETARIES ,

Hatch

Hughes,

Dina

Garforth,

Stratford-on-Avon,

Knowle,

M A N C H E S T E R . — M i s s A n n E. O w e n s , S C O T T I S H SECTION.—Miss L i b e r t o n , Edinburgh, 9.

Middlesex. ,

Don Burton, E.

End,

Rex,

Bristol

, Northenden. Sutherland,

( P l e a s e communicate with your nearest G r o u p

, Secretary)

THE

VEGAN

Journal of The Vegan Society Vol. VIII.

A U T U M N , 1953

No. 7

Editorial Terminology and the Three-fold Approach ' I THERE are three main approaches to the diet that excludes all animal products. The first is that of the hygienist, or health enthusiast, who is principally concerned with attaining a high degree of vitality and physical buoyancy. The second is that of the humanitarian, who is moved by a deep compassion for all living creatures. A n d the third belongs to the spiritual seeker, whose concern is to purify his physical vehicle so that his mind may become clarified and his interior senses more active. It can be seen, moreover, that these three modes express those three aspects of human personality that we know as willing, feeling and thinking; and correspond also, of course, to the threefold nature of man as body, soul and spirit. On a deeper level we may say that an individual's approach to this diet is determined by his attunement to one or other of the three major rays of creationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Power, Love and Wisdom. Let us examine each of these standpoints in turn. The hygienist, so far as he is exclusively preoccupied with physical health, is in danger of remaining insensitive to humanitarian considerations, and to the rapport which it is possible to establish with the animal world by virtue of abstaining from its products. If at the same time he remains unresponsive to spiritual ideas, there will be no deeper principle at work within his being to ensure that the vitality that he has acquired may be utilised in a truly productive and creative fashion in harmony with the higher laws of life. The humanitarian (that is to say, in this case, the vegan), through his great capacity for sympathy, is able to effect a deep rapport with the world of Nature and its inhabitants, but if he is unenlightened with respect to the dietetic laws and principles that the hygienist so enthusiastically applies, he is, of course, in danger of undermining his health. If, on the other hand, he has a sound knowledge of diet and nutrition, he combines the positive advantages of hygienism with the broader sympathy and greater refinement of the humanitarian. But it should be noted that since

THE VEGAN

the hygienist operates principally in the mode of will, he is usually more rigorous and consistent in his dietetic behaviour (100 per cent raw food, etc.) than the humanitarian, who is primarily motivated by feeling. A n d it is only rarely that we find anyone who manifests both attributes with equal intensity. But there is this also to be considered. T h e humanitarian, if he is not attracted to spiritual techniques and disciplines, is in danger of losing sight of the fact that the emancipation that he has bestowed upon the animal kingdom is, in one sense, only secondary in importance to the emancipation which he himself has achieved in abstaining from its products. For the liberated animal attains freedom merely to unfold its nature in accordance with the particular pattern of instinctual behaviour imposed upon its species and within which its consciousness is unalterably set. Whereas the human being whose consciousness is no longer circumscribed by the influence of animal products stands at the threshhold of truly remarkable possibilities of interior unfoldment and service. N o w the mark of the spiritual seeker is that he has arrived, by reflection and intuition, at the conclusion that the cellular vibration of all animal substance unduly conditions his psychic nature and its response to interior light. And he practises his reformed diet in conjunction with certain disciplines, meditations and deeper teachings, by means of which he strives to develop his spiritual nature. But here again, unless he pays attention to the teachings of the hygienists, his health may siiffer; and his relationship to the higher aspect of Nature may be deficient if his sympathies are not properly drawn out. In other words, his spiritual attainment may have an insufficient anchorage in the world of manifestation. If, however, he pays full respect to the principles of sound nutrition and to the doctrine of " Ahimsa," or non-injury, he has achieved a more comprehensive synthesis than either the hygienist or the humanitarian. Clearly, then, the ideal before us is to do justice to all these approaches to the full non-animal diet, and to understand and apply as completely as we can, and in harmonious relationship, the principles that derive from each. But it should be noted that these different attitudes are disposed in an hierarchical order. T h u s , the spiritual approach is at the top of the pyramid, the hygienic, at the base, and the humanitarian at a point mid-way between. Each approach can be supported by arguments which derive strictly from its particular position an the hierarchy. The scientific, humanitarian, and spiritual arguments for the non-animal diet are each independent, self-sufficient and convincing in their own right; yet at the same time they are compatible and complementary, and can be, and frequently are, used to supplement each other. However, it is also clear that the spiritual approach, at the summit, is the key to the effective practice and true evaluation of the humanitarianism and hygienism which it subsumes. For the

5 THE VEGAN development of the spiritual nature deepens, extends the range of, and makes more effective our humanitarian interests; it enhances the health of the physical body and provides moral insights whereby its vitality may be directed into the most creative channels; and, most important, it ensures an insight into man's true destiny— which is more profound than either the hygienism or humanitarianism which are merely incidental to it. N o w we come to the problem of terminology. Veganism " — the doctrine that man should live without exploiting animals—has, principally, a humanitarian connotation. The word " vegan," for example, cannot be correctly applied to a hygienist who adopts a non-animal diet for strictly scientific reasons. For to call him a vegan would somewhat misrepresent his case. Similarly, the spiritual aspirant cannot be described as a vegan if his motive in adopting his new diet derives, primarily, not from his sympathy for animals, but from a desire to increase his capacity for dedication, service and unfoldment. Also he may be concerned with the occult effects of animal products, and the deeper interrelations between man and the universe that manifest in terms of diet. Thus again his position would be misrepresented by the word "veganism," which would not convey his principal convictions. N o w while the term " hygienism " may be employed to describe the approach of the person who is concerned with physical rejuvenation, and " veganism " we know largely .covers the humanitarian field, we have to observe that there is no word readily available that we can use to name the individual who adopts the non-animal diet for deep spiritual reasons, while at the same time remaining sensitive to its ethical and physiological implications. But as we have seen, his standpoint is the most comprehensive of all, and consequently deserves an accurate and concise designation. W h y is this important? Because, while hygienism and veganism both have their advocates in the world—the former particularly in America, and the latter in England and on the mainland of Europe —there is no name to describe, and as yet no thoroughgoing exposition of, this more profound approach. And there may be those in the world who, although not particularly attracted to hygienism or veganism as such, would yet be strongly drawn to the comprehensive threefold synthesis that we have described. Also, hygienists and vegans themselves might wish to become acquainted with the deeper implications of the diet that they have perhaps adopted for more external reasons. There is not space to develop this theme further here, but in this connection we would like to draw attention to the article by Mr. Lawrence Hyde, which we are very pleased to include in this issue, and which has a close bearing upon these important problems. JOHN HERON.

THE VEGAN

DIET AND CONSCIOUSNESS B y LAWRENCE HYDE

(Author of The Nameless Faith, Spirit and Society, etc.) of the most destructive aspects of our contemporary ^ ^ corrupted civilisation is what may be described as the fragmentation of our consciousness. On all sides we are confronted with the spectacle of individual thinkers or groups actively pursuing their limited cultural aims with a fatal indifference to the wider problem of arriving at some organic, system of thought to which all these divergent tendencies can be referred, and in the light of which they can be creatively interpreted. So powerful are ideas that they exert a constrictive and hypnotic influence even upon the sophisticated. It is fatally easy to succumb to the temptation of believing that the conceptions with which one is closely occupied alone bear the stamp of truth—whereas what they only too often bear is the stamp of egotism. T h i s mental tendency is only too patently exhibited in the attitude of orthodox doctors and scientists to revolutionary developments in dietetics, in the new field of radiesthesia, and that of psychical research. They refuse to face the fact that their rationalistic formulations are threatened by ideas of a more penetrating and comprehensive order. Is this merely a matter of education? W h a t I would venture to suggest is that their—to an emancipated vegetarian—awful dietetic habits have a good deal to do with the matter. A n d there is the interesting converse to be considered that, broadly speaking, vegetarians and vegans generally tend to be sympathetic to " advanced ideas," and often possess authoritative knowledge in this field. T h e connection is not difficult to perceive. Let us assume to begin with—and surely this is not asking much of the reader— that just as man is associated through his physical senses with a great external world, so through his inner organs of perception he is associated with a still more vast, invisible, and also objective, world. T h e evidence for the existence of this supraphysical region of being is so extensive, and increasingly convincing, that I will not pause to justify it here, but pass on to postulate a correlative principle: that a person's association with this subtle and potent Unseen is determined in a strict fashion by a number of factors (spiritual, occult, psychological, cultural, etc.), one of which is his diet. It is worth while considering this last point more closely. Orthodox dieticians have arrived at certain conclusions about food values. Scientific vegetarian dieticians have (I believe) gone much further, and got far closer to the actual facts. Their most significant conclusion is that man prospers on a diet that excludes the element of " corpse eating " in any form. Further, they find

7 THE VEGAN that he enjoys (after a period of adjustment) better health if he eschews also even animal products. Obviously all- this must have a direct bearing on the transcendence by the individual of tendencies that have their source in what used to be called the Old A d a m in man. A process of purification and sublimation is initiated that must in time affect deeply the individual's psychology. O f course, one can be a " s a i n t " while still consuming very undesirable food, as the records clearly show (although it is significant that highly spiritual personalities often eat very little in any case). Conversely, one cannot unfold the consciousness to an exalted level simply b y the process of conscientiously partaking of pure food. But the correlation is there, and has a claim on our attention. Psychology, however, is not the end of the matter. For we have also to consider the principle referred to above: that a person's physical condition affects his relation to the invisible states. In other words, what you eat does not only condition your. mental processes; it determines also the character of your rapport with non-physical states of being. (It would be out of place here to discuss the attitude of the orthodox psychologist, who is engaged in a desperate attempt to persuade himself and others that man's inner life can be explained only in terms of his subjective drives and conflicts. H e is fighting a hopeless battle, and we must leave it at that.) Frequent'the Blue Pig and you will place yourself in subjective association with cosmic'forces and discarnate beings that correspond inwardly, if I may so express it, to the physical conditions that you induce in yourself by the enthusiastic consumption of meat, fish, cheese and beer. Feed on a higher level and your interior affiliations will change correspondingly. A t the other end of the spectrum become a scientific vegetarian (and " science " here, be it noted, includes esoteric science), and you will, I conclude, have at least the potentiality of high transcendental contacts. So one can see why in the various scriptures of the world such emphasis has been laid upon purity of diet. T h e body is really a deep mystery. T h e food it assimilatesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;whatever its outward appearance and its chemical qualitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;is in its essence psychic and spiritual in its constitution. T o eat with true discrimination is to associate oneself with high and holy regions of being. N o r is the influence of food limited only to the physical body; a powerful effect is exerted also o n man's more subtle vehicles. In one sense diet can become the gateway to Heaven! But one must repeat that a pure body provides no more than the foundation for illumination; for no man can deal with the great world of transcendental experience adequately unless he has also disciplined equally his intellect, emotions and will. All this evidently opens the door to considerable possibilities. T o begin with, we are impelled to the general conclusion that a strict vegan diet should be propitious to the transcendence o f materialism in all its aspects. T h e body, at least, is aiding in this

THE VEGAN

direction. A n d when the body is properly adjusted it is far less difficult for the mind to follow. The first stage is a somewhat vague sympathy with " spiritual" ideas (unless, of course, the person is spiritually awakened anyway). Then follows research into the connections existing between vegetarian dietetic practices, psychological states, and psychical experiences. A t a more advanced stage comes the study of the relation between food habits and the deeper cosmic rhythmsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;which involves definitely a more or less perilous expedition into the realm of the esoteric. The effect is an overcoming, in one region of thought at least, of that disabling separation between different fields of thought to which I alluded at the beginning of this article. W h a t are called for are pioneers among pioneersâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;adventurers w h o are prepared to explore the relations between two spheres of progressive thought that have so far been co-ordinated only in a small measure. It will be a long time, obviously, before dietetics, psychology and transcendentalism are perceived in their true organic relation! But the door is at least opened to very interesting possibilities in the way of co-ordinating them with one another.

ORGANIC PALMIVORISM B y D R . U R I E L ADRIANA

Editor's Note.â&#x20AC;&#x201D;This article is reprinted from the J a n . / F e b . / March, 1952 issue of " Edenia," by kind permission of the Editor, Teofilo da la Torre, N.D., O . D . Needless to say, Dr. Adriana failed to derive sufficient nourishment from his mono-diet of coconut water. And, of course, an exclusive coconut diet would seem to be an unnecessary and somewhat unnatural extremity. Nevertheless, we are pleased to print Dr. Adriana's article since his opinions and bold experiments will be of great interest to all students of advanced dietetics. " \ ^ 7 " H E N in Germany I was in touch with Dr. Ragnar Berg, the * * eminent biochemist, who has conducted some interesting researches on protein. H e found that the amount of protein one needs depends on how alkaline or acid is the diet. On an acid-forming meat diet, he found over 100 grams of protein per day needed. T h e reason is that the acid end-products of meat cause the cells to lose protein readily, making need for increased replacement. But o n an alkaline potato diet, the alkaline blood protects the cells from protein loss through decomposition, so that the body maintains nitrogen equilibrium on about 20 to 25 grams per day, as Hindhede proved. Berg had a man on a banana diet, which is alkaline, and

7 THE VEGAN on bananas alone maintained nitrogen equilibrium on about 20 grams per day. These experiments show that protein eating is a vicious circle. Eating acid-forming proteins, as meat, eggs and nuts, produces an acid condition, and this leads to greater protein loss and greater need for replacement of such loss. W h a t Berg failed to point out is that these a d d proteins lead to gonad overactivity and loss of protein through the semen. On the other hand, on a lowprotein diet which is alkaline, the body conserves its protein and so needs much less. Often we find a heavy protein feeder who is a skeleton while Hindhede's subjects were plump after living on potatoes for a year. A low-protein diet leads to absence of gonad excitation, disappearance of nocturnal emissions and to a tendency to continence, so that the body conserves its own protein, and is more well nourished than on a high-protein diet that causes loss of concentrated proteins through the semen, since a high-protein diet is sexually stimulating. All nuts act in that way except chestnuts and coconuts, when the coconut is prepared as a milk or cream and used in very carefully regulated amounts, according to natural desire. In my own case, there is enough protein in coconut water, so that I find use of the solid part of the coconut unnecessary, providing me more protein than I need. It is not the amount of protein one takes in, but the amount one conserves. T h e average high-protein eater constantly loses protein through the semen and is thus in a state of negative nitrogen equilibrium. This loss is stupidly overlooked by experimenters on nitrogen equilibrium. It explains how some people can be fat on a low-protein diet, while others can be skinny on a high-protein diet. A high-protein diet leads to intestinal putrefaction, constipation, sexual superexcitation, and to acid intoxication since the metabolic end-products of protein are much more acid than those of fats or carbohydrates. Carbohydrates form carbonic acid, a mild acid. But proteins form uric, sulphuric, phosphoric, nitric and hydrochloric acids, which are powerful acids, which combine with alkaline minerals to form neutral salts, in which form they are given off through the urine. The excess beyond what the kidneys can handle forms mucus, morbid growths and causes glandular hyper-activity, especially of the gonads. T h e sexual behaviour of civilised man is largely a pathological endocrine reaction to protein intoxication. Ehret's mistake was to eliminate physiologically essential fats from the diet, including fat-soluble vitamins and phospholipids (lecithin), unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, present in seeds, nuts, legumes, etc. Fruit and vegetables lack these essential fats. When seeds and nuts are eaten, their fats are largely utilised by the body, while their nitrogen is given off in the form of toxic end-products of metabolism, as shown in nitrogen equilibrium experiments. So

THE VEGAN

it is wrong to place undue importance on protein, and neglect the essential fats, as most nutritionists do. The coconut is of high value because poor in protein and rich in fat. T h a t is why it makes a milk closest to human milk, which is also low in protein. On the other hand, nuts and soybeans are too rich in protein and the milk they make is entirely excessive in protein content. I am now living on coconut water almost entirely. I find coconut milk too rich, though good for a growing child. My growth stopped, and since I conserve my seminal secretions, I have very little need for protein. It is the steady loss of these secretions that causes the excessive protein hunger of the average high-protein feeder. W h e n the blood is sufficiently alkaline, the cells preserve their own protein. Under such conditions, what need is there for eating much protein? Herbivorous animals support their massive bodies on foods consisting mostly of vegetable cellulose and minerals. D o not confuse a low-protein diet with a lecithin-deficient protein-free diet (Ehret's diet). Man is naturally a low-protein feeder as proven by Hindhede. Over consumption of protein is a universal vice and the most common cause of disease. A meat eater who eats very little meat protein may enjoy better health than a vegetarian who overeats .on soybean and nut proteins. McCollum showed that a high-protein soybean diet will cause kidney degeneration, like meat. W h e n Barbara More Patalewa first told me of her experiments, of eliminating proteins entirely and reaching a state of cellular equilibrium in which the organism preserves its weight and strength on liquids alone, and finally on air, I was incredulous. Now, however, I am living on coconut water and feel perfectly well nourished. I do not intend to publicize my experiments until I have conducted them for a long enough period. But I am convinced of the Palmivorist theory, namely that man differs from the ape in respect to the fact that while the ape is frugivorous (the ape is unable to use coconut water, since it cannot open the coconut without spilling the water), man is palmivorous, his natural food coming from the coconut palm, even though, in the transitional stage, he may, to advantage, eat the vegetables of the herbivorous animal and the fruits of the frugivorous one. According to the Palmivorist theory coconut milk and cream provide the most alkaline, digestible an""' healthful sources of protein and fat in the human diet, superior to animal foods, nuts, legumes, seeds, etc. One should spread coconut cream over one's vegetables or whatever other food one eats, in place of oils (which are acid-forming), nuts (which are mostly acid-forming), etc. Experiments have shown that the proteins of the coconuts produce supernormal development in young animals, and are true S U P E R - P R O T E I N E S . The protein that is also of superior quality is corn germ protein. Eliminating all acid-forming proteins and fats and using instead only coconut cream with other foods, will lead to a great improvement in health and conservation

9 THE VEGAN of digestive energy. Corn should be used in place of other grains. It is the only succulent grain. Coconut water and milk contain a perfect balance of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins and distilled waterâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; resembling mother's milk to a much greater extent than fruits most of which tend to be either too acid or too sweet and so depart from the dietary standard of mother's milk, the perfect food for the infant. After weaning, its diet should have a similar composition, since its physiological needs are more or less the sameâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and so coconut milk and coconut water are the perfect food for the weaning infant. N o scientist can contradict the fact that in the water of the coconut is contained E V E R Y nutritional essential needed by man, and in a P R O P E R proportion and combination, and while existing in a very dilute form, by drinking sufficient coconut water, one can be perfectly nourished, and at the same time the pure distilled water frees the body of toxins as effectively as in a fast, yet without any constipation or autointoxication, as occurs in a fast. Fruits are poor in lecithin, needed for brain growth. If one takes an infant off a lecithin-rich food (mother's milk) and gives it only fruits, it will lack lecithin for supporting brain growth. Far better is to feed the infant on coconut water and coconut milk, which are rich in lecithin. A coconut water regimen, for an adult, is much more balanced than a fruit diet, which tends to be too rich in acids and sugars, while too low in lecithin and essential fats. So I maintain that man is naturally palmivorous, rather than merely frugivorous, since fruits alone are deficient in elements which nuts provide. These elements, I claim, are the essential fats. But coconut milk and coconut water provide these elements in proper combination with minerals, sugars and pure distilled water, thus representing a synthesis of what fruits contain and what nuts contain. This perfect nutritional balance that we find in coconut water and milk proves my contention that the coconut alone provides us a balanced and perfect food, provided we use it in the proper manner, which is to live largely on coconut water, using only as much coconut milk or cream as is necessary, preferably mixed with other foods, in place of acid-forming proteins and fats (dairy products, eggs, oils, nuts, soybeans, etc.). I find that coconut water provides all the minerals of vegetables in a more easily assimilated form. During the maturing of the coconut, minerals from its flesh pass into its water, which is rich in calcium, phosphorus and other minerals. The ripe coconut is the only food that can be picked and shipped to us, at a distance, in tree-ripened state. Practically all other fruits must be picked green, and so never naturally ripened, with the result that they contain more or less of acids that were never transformed into sugars as would be the case if they were tree-ripened.

THE VEGAN

Coconut cream is vastly superior to vegetables, nuts, sesame seed, sunflower seeds and soybean products. And its great advantage over these foods is that while the latter tend to be erogenous (aphrodisiacal) due to the action of their acid metabolic end-products on the gonads, causing overactivity and protein loss, when coconut is used as an exclusive source of protein and fat, there is not sexual hyper stimulation and so the body conserves its own protein. Pythagoras showed that absolute continence requires a low-protein diet.

VEGAN COMMODITIES C H R I S T I N A HARVEY

Further investigations have been carried out during the last few months and below are listed more vegan goods. It is once more hoped that this will b e of value and interest to all vegans everywhere. G e o r g e King and Co. Ltd. (Incorporating Eustace Miles Food C o . ) EM-Gravy Powder, EM-Slippery Elm Food (malted and unmalted), Oatrex, Wheatrex, King's " P l u s s " Gravy Powder. King's Thick Soups (Tomato, Blended, Onion, Mulligatawny, Pea and Mint varieties) are vegan. Emprote and EM-Soups contain milk and EM-bars contain honey. Health Supply Ltd. Their Fruit and N u t Dessert Cake has already been classed as a vegan product. A new sweetmeat is " Chocolate Fruit D e l i g h t " which is also vegan. Their other new product, " Cherry Crush," contains milk powder. N u t o n a Ltd. Nurisol Powder, Fruit and Nut Cakes, Fig Cakes, Vine Fruit and Almond Cakes, Coconut and Date Cakes, Fruit Cream Sandwiches (Raspberry, Lemon, Coconut, Chocolate, Orange, Peppermint flavours), Ful-o-vit, Cheri-Melee and Pru-sen (a laxative) are vegan. T h e fruit and nut sandwiches sometimes contain honey. The savoury rolls are also non-vegan. V a n H a u t e n Ltd. " Gold L a b e l " Chocolate.

Cocoa

Powder,

Drinking

Chocolate,

Plain

THE VEGAN

Brewers Foods Supply Co. Ltd. Yeastrel. Vesop Products Co. Ltd. Vesop. Batchelors Peas Ltd. Peas (Garden and Processed), Baked Beans in Tomato Sauce, Tinned Fruits. Symington arid Co. Ltd. Prepared Pea Flour, Powder.

Granulated

Gravy

Improver,

Custard

Olivers and Sons. Jams, Marmalades, Canned Fruits and Peas, Blackcurrant Puree, Custard Powder and Coffee Essence are vegan. Lemon Curd and Table Jellies do not meet vegan requirements. W . Prewett Ltd. All their biscuits are vegan. however.

These

contain white

sugar,

Protheroe Bakery Their fruit gingerbread cake containing wholemeal flour, vegetable fat, sultanas, ground ginger and brown sugar is vegan. Meltis Ltd. Vegans can indulge in their chocolate peppermint creams with clear consciences! John H. Heron Ltd. Froment. Toast Products Ltd. Melba Toast and Breadcrumbs. Shredded Wheat Co. Shredded Wheat and Shreddies. Weetabix Ltd. Weetabix. Kellogs Co. Ltd. Corn Flakes, All-Bran, Rice Krispies, Pep Bran Flakes, Wheat Krumbles, Wheat Flakes. Quaker Oats Ltd. " One M i n u t e " Quaker Oats, Quick Quaker Oats, Q u a k e r Puffed Wheat, Quaker Wheat Munches, Quaker Corn Flakes, Quaker Q u i c k Macaroni, Quaker Pearl Barley.

THE VEGAN

Lusty's Natural Products Co. All goods are vegan except garlic perles, kelgar perles and pure kelp capsules. The outside containers of these contain gelatine. Velm soap will be of particular interest to vegans. Modern Health Products Ltd. All Natex numbers, Educol, Natex Soap and Vecon are vegan. Krunz contains honey. Boots Pure D r u g Co. Ltd. M a n y products are in fact vegan, but not necessarily of vegan interest. V e g a n s are assured of the following lines: Calamine Lotion B.P., Mylol Insect Repellent, Supersen, Boots Liquid Shampoo, Antiseptikol Tooth Paste, Viso Eye Lotion. Carter Bros. Ltd. N o guarantee can now be given that their soaps are vegan. T h e y are, however, " as pure vegetable as we can possibly get at the present moment."

Albion Soap Co. Ltd.

Their Simple Soap is made from purest vegetable oils, contains no animal fats, no colour, and no perfume. Albion Milk and Sulphur Shampoo is also vegan. Potter D r u g and Chemical Corporation Cuticura Ointment, Talcum Powder, Baby Oil, Hand Cream and Liquid Antiseptic are vegan. Cuticura Shaving Stick, Shaving Refill and soap are non-vegan. Hedley and Co. Ltd. Daz, Tide, Dreft, Freedom, Mirro. Cussons Sons and Co. Ltd. T h e following " Imperial Leather " products are vegan:â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Cologne, Toilet Water, Bath Essence. After Shave Lotion, Liquid and Solid Brilliantine. Blue Hyacinth Bath Salts. Their soap is non-vegan. J o h n s o n and S o n Ltd. Pride, Lavender W a x , Silver Quick, Traffic-Cote, Carnu, CarPlate, A u t o W a x . Kiwi Polish Co. All products are vegan. R o n u k Ltd. Their products contain bees' wax and so are not strictly vegan. T h i s wax is collected mainly from the.abandoned nests of wild bees in tropical Africa.

THE VEGAN

Diswinco Window Cleaning Supply Co. Synthetic Chamois, Synthetic Sponges, Chrome Cleaner, Wisso-mist Cloth. Wilme Collier Ltd. Gloy Paste, Dex, Tapwata Paste Powder.

Henry C. Stephens Ltd.

All adhesives (Trufix, Gum, Mucilage, Stefix, Grip-Fix) and inks. North British Rubber Co. Their summer footwear are made from canvas, and their rubber overboots meet vegan requirements. Lotus Ltd. They have a lady's shoe made with a gaberdine upper and lotex sole both of which are' of non-animal materials. Unfortunately, the heel and counter lining is made of leather.

Dunlop Rubber Co. Ltd.

All their footwear is vegan except those lines of Weatherbeaters which carry fur trimmings. Recently neolite was suggested for the soling of shoes. A vegan from Ontario writes to say that his doctor believes that it causes boils! What experience have vegans had in this country ? Meanwhile, still send your information or your queries to Christina Harvey, , Hornsey Rise, London, N.19, and help make our Vegan Trade List as comprehensive as possible.

THE GERMAN VEGAN SOCIETY Aims and Objects The Society works towards the introduction and propagation of a way of life which rejects every kind of exploitation both of men and animals. In particular, it strives to avoid the keeping of animals and the resulting use of easily attainable materials. Vegan firms and undertakings are to be encouraged in their work as restorers of materials of vegetable and mineral origin. The fruitarian diet is aimed at as the ideal form of nourishment. This mode of living shall be furthered through the establishment and maintenance of a vegan " school of life." By exchanging experiences, circulating literature, and by public and private lectures and meetings, members shall be assisted to extend the range of their knowledge and abilities. The members acknowledge the existence of a divine and universal order and strive to fashion their lives in accordance with it, irrespective of their political and. religious followings.

THE VEGAN R E P O R T O N THE FIRST A N N U A L G E N E R A L MEETING Held at Bad Liebenzell on the 16th M a y , 1953

A General Summary of the Discussions Veganism is a way of life which aims at happiness for all living beings on a foundation of real freedom in true peace. True peace depends upon the harmonious relationship, both within and without, of every single creature with the plan of creation. Thus each individual must seek to find his place and his path within the framework of the universal order. But in so doing he should take great care not to make this path more difficult, in any way whatsoever, for other living beings. Wherever obstructions and difficulties, distress of mind and anguish of heart manifest, they wish only to guide us from the path of error to the path of truth. Even illness and poverty are to be recognized and understood in this light. H e who lives in peace with the Creator and His creation knows neither sickness nor want. Thus we look forward to the day when a great number of the claims and pretensions of so-called civilized man will die a w a y : civilized man— who creates for himself misery and deprivation and runs in constant flight before his conscience from which he is all the while unable to escape. Would that we could sing, each day, and in the fullness of gratitude : " I am at peace, at peace with God, at peace with men, at peace with myself." But to this end, true freedom is necessary. A freedom which no state despotism has the power to overthrow. Real freedom grows upon the fertile soil of that ethic known by the universal voice of man a s : " D o good and harm no-one! D o not unto others that which you would not have others do unto y o u ! " In the application of these elementary injunctions we cannot be sufficiently conscientious. And surely we will be astonished: the less wrong we do, the less often will misfortune befall us. Fruit grows and ripens under the rays of the sun—symbol of God's power—even without the help of human hand. Certainly we can and should, assist this divine operation. Yet who is harmed if the fruit is not gathered. Try, however, to manage a dairy farm in a similar way. C a n real freedom prosper wherever stock farming is carried on, or wherever man is bound by its dictates? Even the vegetable gardener, in so far as business considerations do not apply, is his own master. For if he stays away ever longer from his garden, the harvest may be meagre and the weeds may have gained an upper hand—but try to leave cattle untended in their stalls for several weeks. T h e greatest tyrants, however, are our own desires. Only he is truly free who has succeeded in liberating himself from slavery to his lower nature. This most important problem—to surmount the struggle with his own aberrant cravings and passions—each must accomplish for himself. Nevertheless, association with others lends support and relieves external difficulties; and here there is a need for

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sound thought, clearly expressed, which leads to action, and which proves its worth in results. Therefore it was decided to carry forward the German Vegan Society as a registered Society, and to confirm the founder in his office as President. Many friends placed themselves at the disposal of the Society to effect the necessary legal measures. (Translated by John Heron). Editor's Note.â&#x20AC;&#x201D;The formation early this year of the German Vegan Society which we announced in the summer issue of " The V e g a n , " was clearly an event of major importance. For it means that in the whole of western civilisation there are now two societies, fully and properly established, that are devoted to the propagation and practice of a mode of life which countenances no form of animal exploitation by man. This advanced ideal, then, has an anchorage both in England and in the mainland of Europe (there are also, of course, the Dutch vegans who form a group within tne Dutch Vegetarian Society): thus we mav confidently feel that the international consolidation and spread of the vegan way of life has truly begun. W e reprint above, from material sent us by the President, Herr Karl Salat, the aims and objects of the new Society, together with a section of the report of its first Annual General Meeting. T h e ideal aspects have been particularly selected since it is interesting to compare the differentiated refraction of the vegan ideal through the minds of those of different lands. It will be noted, for example, that the German vegans stress the human bondage implicit in dairy farming; and indeed it is clear that to dispense with animals would involve a great reduction in human labour. A s to the practical organisation of the German Vegan Society, it should be noted that members benefit from several special services and arrangements.

HUNGARIAN NEWS AND INFORMATION SERVICE 33 Pembridge Square, London W.2. Bayswater 6080. Special Service No. 101 NO EGGS FOR PASTRY?â&#x20AC;&#x201D;USE LUPIN SEEDS! Hungarian research workers have discovered that lupin seeds can be used as a substitute for eggs in pastry. T h e seed of the yellow-flowered lupin is very rich in nourishment, particularly in albumen, according to a report from the Scientifc Food-Supply Institute. For a long time it was used only as animal feed. But when ground into flour it is rich in lecithin (the nitrogenous fatty substance found in egg yolks) and ten to twenty per cent mixed with wheat flour produces a pastry similar to that made with eggs. T h e Hungarian pastry industry is now using this lupin-wheat flour mixture and effecting a considerable saving in eggs. Lupin flour is also useful for cheese-making, and by putting it through special processes it can be used as a substitute for cocoa, coffee and almond flavourings. Research has also been going on in the utilisation of sunflower seeds, already established as an industrial material. A t one time the residue from the oil-extraction was used as a cattle cake, but now it has been found that by using peeled seeds the residue is of greater body-building content. Flour made from sunflower seeds is being used in the pastry industry as fillings and to increase the food value of chocolate.

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VEGAN DINNER By MABEL

SIMMONS

Celery Cream Soup Tomato and Rice Bails Stuffed Vegetable Marrow Braised Carrots French Beans Steamed Potatoes in Jackets Apple and Banana Sweet CELERY CREAM SOUP 1 head celery. 2 potatoes. 1 oz. margarine. Seasoning.

1 onion. 1 bay leaf. 2 pints stock.

M a k e stock of outer vegetables. Cut onion and celery fairly small; braise with margarine for 10 minutes. A d d stock, potatoes (diced), seasoning and bay leaf. Cook gently. Press through sieve, and garnish with chopped chives or sippets of toast. T O M A T O A N D RICE BALLS i i 1 i

lb. rice. lb. tomatoes. tablespoon chopped parsley. teaspoon thyme.

2 02. wholemeal breadcrumbs. 4 grated lemon rind. Seasoning.

Cook rice in stock. Peel and cut tomatoes in small pieces. Mix all ingredients well together. Form into balls, roll in breadcrumbs and bake in a hot oven for 20 minutes. STUFFED VEGETABLE 1 1 1 $

medium-sized vegetable marrow. small onion. oz. lentils. teaspoon sage.

MARROW

1 small apple. 2 01. wholemeal 1 c.z. margarine. Seasoning.

breadcrumbs.

C u t marrow through centre. Scoop out centre. Cut onion finely and fry to a golden brown in margarine. Add sage. Cook lentils until soft, mix with onion, breadcrumbs, grated apple and seasoning. Press into centre of marrow. Place on a well-greased casserole. Bake in medium oven about $ hour. APPLE A N D B A N A N A S W E E T $ lb. apples. 2 oz. brown sugar.

2 bananas. Cake crumbs.

Peel apples and make stock of peelings. Dice apples and cook gently in stock with sugar; place in a dish. Beat up bananas into cream, place on top of apples, sprinkle with cake crumbs.

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The Vegan Baby Bureau S P H E R E are probably quite a number of parents, with growing vegan children, whose experience and observations would assist and encourage the parents of new babies or those who wish their children to become vegans but are not quite sure whether health can be maintained in a growing child on a vegan diet. The joys of a firstborn child can often bring unlooked for fears (even if unnecessary) due to lack of confidence or lack of knowledge. A mother who is trying to bring up her baby the vegan way is usually more isolated than the orthodox mother and it is hoped that an exchange of ideas and comments through these pages will prove helpful to all concerned with the rearing of children. Sometimes, even before arriving at school age, the child sorts things out and realises that some people eat one way and some another. Our explanation should always be kindly towards those who do not eat the same food as we do. if we reason that people do not all live in the same kind of houses or wear the same kind of clothes, the child wilL realise that we are free to choose our own way of life and he wall not feel quite so different from other children. A t all costs we must avoid their sitting in judgement on those who do not follow our w a y ; and if we can point out any of our own faults we shall give the child a sense of degree and balance. There are times when we have to be.wise enough to stand aside and let the child learn from his own experience. May all those who have to guide the little ones be given the understanding for their lovely but sometimes worrying task. Will you please send all correspondence concerning the Baby Bureau t o : — M r s . S. N. Coles, , Purley,. Surrey. SELECTED Q U O T A T I O N S " The unpardonable forgetfulness in which the lower animals have hitherto been left by the moralists of Europe is well known. It is pretended that the beasts have no rights. They persuade themselves that our conduct in regard to them has nothing to do with morals, or (to speak their language of morality) that we have no duties towards animals; a doctrine revolting, gross and barbarous. . . ."—Schopenhauer. " T h e obligations of law and equity reach only to mankind, but kindness and beneficence should be extended to the creatures of every species, and these will flow from the breast of a true man, as streams that issue from the living fountain."—Plutarch. " A pity without limits, which unites us with all living beings—in that we have the most solid, the surest guarantee of morality. Whoso posessses it will be quite incapable of causing harm or loss to any one, of doing violence to any one, or doing ill in any way. But rather he will have for all, long' suffering; he will aid the helpless with all his powers, and each of his actions will be marked with the- stamp of justice and love. I know of no more beautiful prayer than that which the Hindus of old used in closing their public spectacles. It w a s : ' May all that have life be delivered from suffering!' "—Schopenhauer.

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" I saw deep down in the eyes of the animals, the humane soul look out u p o n me. I saw where it was born, deep down under feathers and fur, or condemned awhile to roam four-footed among the brambles. I caught the clinging, mute glances of the prisoners and swore I would be faithful." —Edward Carpenter. " T h e day may come when the rest of the animal creation may acquire those rights which never could have been withholden from them but by the h a n d of tyranny. The question is not ' Can they reason, nor can they talk, but can they suffer?" " — J e r e m y Bentham. " M a n will not be truly Man until he shall labour seriously for that which the earth expects from him—the pacification and harmonious union of all living Nature."—Michelet. " Unquestionably in this world the human being stands on the highest step, but those whom he sees beneath him are fellow mortals. He is their king and must never become their tyrant."—Lamartine. " T r u e benevolence, or compassion, extends itself through the whole of existence, and sympathises with the distress of every creature capable of sensation. Little minds may be apt to consider compassion of this kind as an instance of weakness; but it is undoubtedly the evidence of a noble nature. H o m e r thought it not unbecoming the character of a hero to melt into tears at a distress of this sort, and nas given us a most amiable and affecting picture of Ulysses, weeping over his favourite Argus, when he expires at his feet."—Addison. " Live and let live. D o more, live and help live. D o to beings below y o u as you would be done to by beings above y o u . " — J . Howard Moore. " All life has its rights and its awful mystery, and man should stand with holy reverence on the shore of that sea which no intellect may cross." — D a v i d Swing.

ANNOUNCEMENTS T h e Vegan Library In our summer issue of " T h e Vegan " this year, we announced the formation of a Vegan Library and made a request for donations of books, magazines and pamphlets, covering a wide range of subjects, with which to lay the foundations for a large and comprehensive library that would, eventually, be at the disposal of the members of the Society. It is gratifying t o report that at the time of writing (28th July) about 6 0 books and numerous magazines and pamphlets have been received in response to our request. M o r e are promised, and there is every indication that in the course of time w e will have a most interesting and educative range of works with which to pursue our studies. T h e books so far received cover such subjects as Naturopathy, Diet, Ventilation, Anti-Vivisection, Healing, Osteopathy, Quakerism, Psychism, Occultism, the Life of the Spirit ana so on. It is d e a r from the parcels that we have received, that veganism is only one aspect of an extensive range of sympathies and interests of its adherents. T h e Society would like t o take this opportunity of thanking all those who have made such generous contributions. But clearly, before the library can be organised on a serious basis, many more books will be required. Consequently we make a further appeal for donations of books related to the subjects above, and to all themes which bear directly or indirectly on the vegan way of life. There is a whole universe with which to acquaint ourselves! Particularly valuable would be s t a n d a r d works of reference on anatomy, physiology, biology, botany, biochemistry, endocrinology, and so on. Please send your donations direct to the Editor. A formal acknowledgement will be made for the receipt of all gifts, and the literature collected will be stamped and will become the property of the Vegan Society.

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S O M E I M P R E S S I O N S O F T H E I.V.U. C O N G R E S S , 1953 Held at Sigturta, Sweden B y MURIEL E.

DRAKE

T T is not possible in a short article to give a detailed account of the Congress, but I will endeavour to convey my impressions of this memorable occasion in as few words as possible. A s this was the first I.V.U. Congress I had attended, I was not able to compare it with any previous ones, but the general atmosphere was most harmonious and the depth of understanding between the various races represented was remarkable. If this were only true of all the relationships between all the races, wars could not possibly continue. For the first time in its history the I.V.U. possesses a Constitution and Rules, which were drawn up and approved at the Congress. This should help considerably towards the smooth working of such a vast organisation, whose influence is extending farther and farther afield as more and more contacts are made. Where—your may ask—does veganism come into the picture? All those who have the vegan ideal at heart will be interested in the fact that the majority of speakers whose subject had a direct bearing on vegetarianism or the soil, stressed at some point in their lectures the great benefit to be derived from the intake of whole, natural foods which consist of fruits, nuts, vegetables and grains. These speakers came from widely distant places where climate and conditions are so different, one from another—a factor not without significance. T w o items which received repeated attention were the question of whole, unspoiled foods and the proper care of the soil by means of composting, etc. Not unnaturally, the point which was uppermost in some people's minds was how those who cut dairy produce out of their diet obtained sufficient protein, and the answer, given by one speaker, was that when we feed on whole, natural foods we do not need to bother much about protein—a handful or so of nuts per day being all that our bodies really need. Comparison was made with the frugivorous and herbivorous animals, amongst whom are the strongest as well as those with the greatest powers of endurance—all their needs being supplied from the vegetable kingdom. Another speaker went so far as to say, not only that vegetables and fruits were absolutely essential for health, but that we can leave out all other foods and be absolutely healthy. Has view was that all our protein needs could be obtained from potatoes and salad— but food must be eaten as fresh as possible, and vegetables when. being washed should be in contact with water as short a time as possible.

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There is one point which needs especial mention in connection with the Congress, and that is the grand way in which the vegan needs were supplied in difficult circumstances. In Sweden, dairy produce is used on a vast scale, and alternatives to dairy butter and milk almost impossible to obtain, so vegans were asked to take their own fats. A p a r t from this, we were looked after remarkably well, and our grateful thanks are due to the Swedish Vegetarian Society for supplying the material comforts and physical needs for the benefit of our well-being, in preparation for the mental, ethical and spiritual aspects which grew in intensity as the Congress proceeded. M a y the enrichment which we felt as a result of this united gathering be expressed in our endeavour to work even harder towards the emancipation of the creatures from exploitation, and so hasten the coming of universal peace and goodwill.

LONDON BRANCH NEWS Past Events Sunday, 21st June.—Sunshine accompanied us most of the time on the very enjoyable occasion of our visit to Marion and John Reid's picturesque home at Benenden, in Kent. Those who visited Sinninghurst Castle found it well worth the detour on account of its interest and beauty, and the delightful time we spent with our host and hostess was no less memorable than on other occasions. Once again we should like to take this opportunity of expressing our deep appreciation for all their kindness. Thursday, 9th July.—A party attended a performance of "Love's Labour L o s t " in the Open Air Theatre in Queen Mary's Garden in Regent's Park. Future Events Saturday, 12th September.—An outing to Wisley. those interested please contact Miss Mavis Lardge, Mansions, N.6. Telephone: Mountview 2991.

Will all

Friday, 25th September.—A V E G A N D I N N E R will be held at the V e g a Restaurant, Leicester Square, W.C.2, 6.30 for 7 p.m. Our Guests of Honour will be Professor and Mrs. Scott Nearing, of the U . S . A . , who will be visiting this country on their way home from the International Vegetarian Congress in Sweden. They are practising vegans on a basis' of thorough self-subsistence. It is hoped that a large gathering of vegans, vegetarians and friends will be present to welcome them. Tickets—price 6/—obtainable from Mrs. Muriel Drake, , Bromley, Kent. Please send remittance and s.a.e.

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Friday, 9th October.—At Friends' House, Euston Road, N . W . I , 7 p.m. A short talk will be given by Mr. John Heron on " T h e Higher Aspects of Veganism," after which all present will be invited to join in a discussion on this theme.'

THE ANIMALS' FAIR The Animals' Fair will be held this year at the Royal Horticultural (Old) Hall, Vincent Square, S . W . I , on Friday and Saturday, the 20th and 21st November, from noon until 8 p.m.. The Vegan Society will again have a stall there, and we hope, as in previous years, to use this excellent opportunity for propaganda and financial benefit. Last year, the Vegan Society benefitted to the extent of more than £20 as a result of the stall, which attracted a great many people because of the large display of vegan foods and ready-to-eat savouries and cakes which some members helped to provide. W e should be most grateful for as many vegan articles as possible for the stall again this year. If everyone sent something our display would break all previous records. Gifts an money or kind would be very much appreciated, and should be sent to Mrs. Muriel Drake, , Bromley, Kent.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

Saturday, 7th November, 1953: Friends' House, Euston Road, N . W . I , 3 p.m., Annual General Meeting; 5.30 p.m., Vegan Refreshments; 6.30 p.m., talks on Sweden and the Swedish Congress by the President and Vice-President. HEALTH COUNCIL REPORT A Third Questionnaire containing questions suggested by various Health Council members is now being drawn up, and will be circulated very shortly to all members and subscribers. It is hoped that everyone will fill in his or her copy, whether practising vegans or merely " on the way," as the information thus acquired will enable us to help both those who are potential vegans and those who have experienced difficulties of one kind or another.

M.E.D.

" Wilt thou draw near the nature of the gods? Draw near them in being merciful. T r u e mercy is nobility's true badge. . . . H e who does not restrict harmless conduct to man, but extends it to other animals, most closely approaches divinity. . . . According to Xenocrates, there were in existence at Eleusis: ' Honour thy parents; sacrifice to the gods from the fruits of the earth; injure no animals.' " — P o r p h r y . " Do not fancy that you will lower yourselves by sympathy with the lower creatures; you cannot sympathise rightly with the higher, unless you do with those."—Rusl{in. " Animals are in our power in a peculiar sense; they are committed by God to our sovereignty, and we owe to them a considerate regard for their rights. N o animal life can be treated as a T H I N G . Wilful disrespect of the sanctities of physical life in one sphere, bears its fruits in other and higher spheres."—Bishop Westcott.

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CORRESPONDENCE I have just read with great interest the summer number of " The V e g a n . " I am rather surprised a t . Mrs. Loewenfeld's statement that " I f something is good for you, more of it is not necessarily better " applied to raw food. I, myself, have lived for 16 years on raw food along with wholemeal bread and cakes, dried fruit and occasionally cooked seakale beet or sugar beet leaves. For two years I substituted germinated wheat for bread and my health did not suffer. T h e experience of Dr. Nolfi in Copenhagen seems to indicate that excellent results can be obtained in cases of illness with a 100 per cent raw food diet. I believe she herself is a vegan. I have recently spent a fortnight in Paris where 1 tried the meals of the M o n o Snack Bar, and read Professor Mono's book. I found his attitude to veganism decidedly encouraging in view of the attacks on it in England. Stockton-on-Tees. (Miss) O . ROBOTHAM. I picked up a copy of " The Vegan " at the Jersey Library and liked it immenselyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and much prefer it to the vegetarian magazine which I have been taking. St. Helier, Jersey, C. Isles. ( M r s . ) RUTH E. FRYER. T h e magazine continues to be excellent. A great deal of very from the physical to the spiritual, in a very few pages. T h e service is really admirable, and I hope it will spread widely and at " little or no extra cost." Dominica, British West Indies. T. W.

good stuff, new food succecdâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; CHEKE.

Y o u r last " Vegan " is a vast improvement and we thank you for the two copies. Just what we want. W h i t e R o c k , B . C . , Canada. A . J. A . BELL. M y teachings have much in common with yours. In fact, they are and should be complementary to each other, since we both deal with the important subject of vegetarianism, upon which depends in large measure the health, happiness and longevity of man. In regard to whether or not dairy products should be used in the vegetarian diet, it depends upon the individual. Some think that they cannot thrive well without eggs, cheese and milk in their diet, while others who have learned to balance their vegetarian diet by the addition of one or more of the oleaginous seeds (nuts, sunflower, sesame seeds, etc.), find that they are properly nourished without the addition of dairy products. I am in this class. I get a high degree of energy from the exclusive vegetarian diet, consisting of fruits, vegetables and oleaginous seeds. However, those who have no objection to the use of dairy products may add some to their diet. T h e y are good foods if used uncooked and in small quantities, but they arc not necessary for superior natural living. S a n t a A n a , Costa Rica, C . A . TEOFILO DE LA TORRE, N . D . , O . D . If we looked at creatures and considered their welfare through the eyes of G o d we would certainly treat them with a much more consistent and sympathetic understanding. He created them for a divine purpose and therefore loves them perfectly as His own. A s their welfare is our moral responsibility we should treat them with love, as H e desires, or as if we had created them ourselves. T h e more spiritually advanced we are, the deeper .our understanding and love for all creatures, and the more sensitive we are to the cruelties and sufferings inflicted upon them by mankind, and the more conscious of our personal duties involved in their well-being. Toronto, Canada. E. CLIFFORD PRATT. O G o d , awaken an abundance of the constructive forces of life to become active now, to guide all life upon earth into the Christ-constructive way of living. T h a n k you. Love and blessings to all. S a n Diego, U . S . A . (Mrs.) ELIZABETH GRIFFIN.

THE VEGAN

MISCELLANEOUS