The Vegan Autumn 1972 by The Vegan Society

HARMONY FOODS H%t HARMONY WHOLE TAHINI BRINGS OUT THE BEST IN A MAN NEW HARMONY TAHINI, a pure cream from whole undecorticated sesame seeds, is made from the whole seed because it yields more calcium, more protein, and much more flavour. Actually, our WHOLE TAHINI contains ten times as much calcium and five~rrmes as much protein as whole milk - with none of the suffering. And the taste just can't be beaten. TAHINI may be used on its own or in a pate on bread or it can be added to soups, casseroles, and sauces, always lending a rich flavour and creamier texture to the dish. Instructions are on every jar. Only HARMONY FOODS offers you 33 natural food products, all of which are entirely VEGAN and suited for cooking anc!" preparing entirely VEGAN meals. Try our organic WHOLE BROWN RICE, the best in the country. Sprinkle our whole nutty SESAME SEEDS onto your wholewheat bread and rolls before baking. Make the base of your soup our protein rich MISO SOYA PUREE. Centre your meal around our light fluffy whole grain MILLET. Serve up some steamin' BUCKWHEAT rissoles for yoQr winter Rutin supplies. Get a taste of the Orient (and abundant minerals) from our choice of four SEA VEGETABLES. And end the meal with our delightful MU T E A , containing GINSENG and 15 other herbs. Send large Stamped Addressed Envelope for full details of all our products with recipes to : HARMONY FOODS (Vegan) 191 Freston Road London, W.10

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THE VEGAN SOCIETY founded 1944 Advocates living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of all food and other commodities derived wholly or in part from animals. Its members base their lives on the ethic of Reverence for Life and seek to free themselves from all forms of cruelty and exploitation. They are aware of man's responsibilities to his environment and seek to promote the proper use of the resources of the earth. President: Dr. Frey Ellis, , Epsom, Surrey. Deputy President: Mr. J. Sanderson. Vice Presidents: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mr. J. Dinshah, Mrs. M. Henderson, Dr. C. Nimmo, Miss W. Simmons, Miss M. Simmons, Mrs. E. Shrigley, Dr. F. Wokes. Secretary: Mrs. K. Jannaway, Leatherhead, Surrey. Treasurer: Mrs. G. Smith (to whom all subscriptions should be sent), Palmers Green, London, N.13 4UP. Librarian: Mr. W. Wright, Enfield, Middlesex. Literature Secretary: (for all literature requests): Mrs. V. Farrell, 8 Basterfield House, Golden Lane, London, E.C.I. Committee: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mr. P. Dawes, Dr. F. Ellis, Mrs. V. Farrell, Mr. J. Sanderson, Mrs. G. Smith, Mr. A. Williams, Mr. W. Wright. Minimum subscription, which includes " T H E VEGAN", £1.25 per annum (and 63p for each additional member of one family at the same residence); 63p if age under 18; payable in January. Life Membership, £20. THE VEGAN Quarterly 10p Editorial Board: Kathleen Jannaway, Secretary, to whom all copy should be sent. Eva Batt, Chairman of the Council. Karl Farrell, of the Young Vegan Section. Editorial Advisor: Jack Sanderson B.Sc. Scientific Advisor: Dr. Frey Ellis M.D. (Lond). F.R.C. Path. Distribution Secretary: Mrs. Linda Emptage, NOTE NEW ADDRESS 53, Winstanley Crescent, Ramsgate, Kent. Advertisement and Production Manager: Donald Scott, Shoarn's, Belchalwell, Blandford, Dorset. (Tel: Sturminster Newton 532) The Editorial Board does not necessarily agree with opinions expressed by contributors to this magazine, or endorse advertisements. Copy Dates: 1st day of:— February for "Spring", May for "Summer", August for " A u t u m n " , November for "Winter". Printed b y " S h o a r p r i n t " , Belchalwell, B l a n d f o r d , Dorset f o r t h e Vegan S o c i e t y , 4 7 , Highlands Road, Leatherhead, S u r r e y .

F r o m the S e c r e t a r y

PEOPLE WHO CARE I count m y s e l f to be a m o s t f o r t u n a t e p e r s o n : s u r rounded a s we a l l a r e by the mounting e v i d e n c e of the b i t t e r h a r v e s t that m a n m u s t r e a p if he d o e s not halt h i s r u t h l e s s onslaught on h i s e n v i r o n m e n t , I a m d a i l y m a d e a w a r e of a n o t h e r f o r c e at w o r k . F r o m m a n y p a r t s of the c o u n t r y and f r o m o v e r s e a s I get l e t t e r s f r o m p e o ple who a r e a l i v e not only to the d a n g e r s but a l s o to t h e i r b a s i c c a u s e s and who m o r e o v e r a r e willing to change 1 t h e i r way of l i f e in o r d e r to h e l p . E v e r y d a y the l e t t e r s c o m e f r o m a l l kinds of people, young and old (twelve to n i n e t y f o u r ! ) , r e l i g i o u s , n o n r e l i g i o u s and a n t i - r e l i g i o u s ; t h o s e with f a m i l i e s and f r i e n d s to support t h e m and t h o s e who have to work a l o n e or in s p i t e of b i t t e r o p o s i t i o n ; f r o m r i c h (not m a n y ! ) and p o o r j f r o m l e t t e r e d and u n l e t t e r e d . A l l have c o m e to the point w h e r e t h e y c a n no l o n g e r condone the u s e of m a n ' s e n o r m o u s p o w e r s o v e r N a t u r e u n c h e c k e d by a s e n s e of r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o w a r d s o t h e r f o r m s of l i f e and t o w a r d s f u t u r e g e n e r a t i o n s . M o r e and m o r e a r e r e a l i s i n g that m a n ' s growing i n t e l l e c t u a l and t e c h n o l o g i c a l p o w e r s m u s t be b a l a n c e d by developing e t h i c a l i n s i g h t s and by c o m m i t a l to s e r v e t h e s e and not s h o r t s i g h t e d , s e l f - c e n t r e d , m a t e r i a l i s t i c i n t e r e s t s . In p a r t i c u l a r t h o s e who j o i n the Vegan S o c i e t y h a v e c o m e to the point when t h e y can no l o n g e r b a s e t h e i r own l i v e s on the wanton c r u e l t y of the f a c t o r y f a r m and the s l a u g h t e r h o u s e . F o r s o m e it i s a s i m p l e r e j e c t i o n of e v i l ; f o r o t h e r s it i s w o r k e d out a c c o r d i n g to s o m e r e l i g i o u s , p h i l o s o p h i c a l or e c o l o g i c a l i n s i g h t . T h e Vegan S o c i e t y c a n u s e t h e m a l l in the f u r t h e r e n c e of its work which i s to h e l p i t s m e m b e r s to l i v e full and h e a l t h y l i v e s that d e m o n s t r a t e the a d e q u a c y of the vegan way, to give t h e m o p p o r t u n i t i e s to find the s t r e n g t h and j o y that c o m e s f r o m a s s o c i a t i n g with o t h e r s of l i k e mind and to s p r e a d i t s i n s i g h t s , - knowledge and a c t i v i t i e s a s r a p i d l y and a s widely a s p o s s i b l e . T h e r i c h d i v e r s i t y o f a p p r o a c h c a n be m a t c h e d by a r i c h d i v e r s i t y of individual a c t i o n in d i f f e r i n g a r e a s . It i s i m p o r t a n t f o r a l l to r e m e m b e r that only in so f a r a s we a r e willing to give v a l u e to the i n I

s i g h t s of o t h e r s a r e we a b l e to work t o g e t h e r a s a group to f o r w a r d the c a u s e we a l l h a v e at h e a r t . What i s n e e d e d a b o v e a l l i s the e x a m p l e of l i v e s l i v e d j o y f u l l y in the s e r v i c e of l i f e ; l i v e s l i v e d in s e l f giving and t o l e r a n t f e l l o w ship with o t h e r s . Our v e g a n i s m m u s t be a beginning not an end. If we b e l i e v e that e x p l o i t a t i o n i s wrong then we m u s t s e e k to c r e a t e a s o c i a l o r d e r in which it i s i m p o s s i b l e ; to do this ' ' e v e r y o n e of u s , e v e r y group with which we l i v e and work m u s t b e c o m e the m o d e l of the e r a which we d e s i r e to c r e a t e " . * Kathleen Jannaway *Ivan Illich

"The

Creation

Awareness".

EDITING THE VEGAN

One of the m o s t valued m e m b e r s of the S o c i e t y who h a s s e r v e d on i t s C o m m i t t e e and in m a n y o t h e r c a p a c i t i e s s i n c e the e a r l y d a y s , i s J a c k S a n d e r s o n , known to m o s t r e a d e r s a s the E d i t o r of " T h e V e g a n " . He h a s s u f f e r e d m u c h t h i s s u m m e r through the i l l n e s s and death of h i s e l d e r son P a u l aged t e n , (not a v e g a n ) . He h a s found it i m p o s s i b l e to a t t e n d to the work involved in producing "The Vegan". T h i s was the r e a s o n f o r the l a t e a p p e a r a n c e of the s u m m e r i s s u e and f o r i t s f a u l t s and i n a d e q u a c i e s when it did at l a s t a p p e a r f r o m the hands of a l a r g e l y u n s u p e r v i s e d p r i n t e r . In f u t u r e " T h e V e g a n " will be p r o d u c e d under the s u p e r v i s i o n of the C h a i r m a n of the Vegan C o u n c i l , E v a B a t t , a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the Young V e g a n S e c t i o n , K a r l F a r r e l l and the S e c r e t a r y of the S o c i e t y , K a t h l e e n Janriaway. P l e a s e send a l l your l e t t e r s and copy to the S e c r e t a r y , who having now r e s i g n e d f r o m h e r f o r m e r o c c u p a t i o n to devote h e r e n e r g i e s to the f o r w a r d ing of v e g a n i s m , h o p e s to h a v e t i m e to d e a l with t h e m a l l . J a c k S a n d e r s o n will continue a s E d i t o r i a l A d v i s e r and D r F r e y E l l i s , the P r e s i d e n t of the S o c i e t y will s e r v e a s S c i e n t i f i c A d v i s e r . Donald S c o t t will be A d v e r t i s i n g M a n a g e r , and P r i n t e r .

LOCAL GROUPS AND SPEAKERS F r i e d e n Howard h a s worked h a r d drawing up l i s t s of l o c a l c o n t a c t s . Now we want people in v a r i o u s p a r t s of the c o u n t r y to c o m e f o r w a r d and o f f e r to o r g a n i s e l o c a l g r o u p s . If t h e y can f o r m a n u c l e u s and find a m e e t i n g p l a c e - p r i v a t e h o u s e s a r e often b e s t a t t h i s s t a g e - the V e g a n C o u n c i l will send a s p e a k e r . T h e C o u n c i l will a l s o do i t s b e s t to send s p e a k e r s to any g r o u p with which you a r e in c o n t a c t - t h e i r w i n t e r t i m e t a b l e s m a y not y e t be m a d e up. In addition to the u s u a l v e g e t a r i a n , a n i m a l w e l f a r e , h e a l t h , r e l i g i o u s and p h i l o s o p h i c a l g r o u p s that h a v e been willing to l i s t e n to us in the p a s t , t h e r e is.'-a m u s h r o o m growth of c o n v e r s a t i o n and e n v i r o n m e n t a l g r o u p s who p r o b a b l y a r e not y e t f u l l y a w a r e of the r e l e v a n c e of v e g a n i s m . S e e what you c a n do to get us an i n v i t a t i o n . R e q u e s t s f o r s p e a k e r s should be a d d r e s s e d t o : Eva Batt, , Enfield, Middlesex. Oct.

20th.

Oct.

26th.

DATES ALREADY FIXED 1 1 . 1 5 a m Salvation A r m y Citadel, Clements Road, Ilford. Speaker: Eva Batt. 2. 30 pm S a l v a t i o n A r m y , O v e r S i x t y Club, Road,

Walthamstow,

Eva Batt. The S a l a d C e n t r e , P o s t O f f i c e Road, Bournemouth. Speaker: Kathleen Jannaway. Nov. 30th. T e m p l e W i v e s Club, T h e T e m p l e C o n g r e g a t i o n a l C h u r c h , High S t . , St. Mary Cray, Kent. Speaker: Eva Batt. Dec. 3rd. 2. 30 p m S u r r e y and D i s t r i c t Group M e e t i n g , 4 7 , Highlands R o a d , L e a t h e r h e a d . " A n y Q u e s t i o n s ? " S e s s i o n , (a c h a n c e to t a l k t o g e t h e r about m a t t e r s of i m p o r t a n c e to us a l l a s v e g a n s and to get to know e a c h other) In addition to t h e s e m e e t i n g s which we hope you will c o m e to if you p o s s i b l y can and the m a n y that we hope

Nov.

16th.

Speaker: 7 . 3 0 pm

Forest

you will m a k e f o r u s , t h e r e a r e the m a j o r e v e n t s of the Autumn P e r i o d - the A . G. M. and T h e A n i m a l s F a i r .

THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING T h e 28th. Annual G e n e r a l M e e t i n g will be h e l d on S a t u r d a y , N o v e m b e r 25th. 1972 at 2. 30 pm in the Alliance Hall, P a l m e r Street, W e s t m i n s t e r , (near St. J a m e s P a r k Underground S t a t i o n ) . T h e b u s i n e s s of the M e e t i n g will be t o e l e c t O f f i c e r s and C o m m i t t e e and to appoint an A u d i t o r . P o s t a l n o m i n a t i o n s should be s i g n e d by two m e m b e r s and a c c o m p a n i e d by a s i g n e d note f r o m the n o m i n e e s t a t i n g h i s o r h e r w i l l i n g n e s s to s e r v e if e l e c t e d , and m u s t be r e c e i v e d by the S e c r e t a r y b e f o r e N o v e m b e r 4 t h . A f t e r the b u s i n e s s m e e t i n g t h e r e will be an "Any Q u e s t i o n s 11 S e s s i o n . P l e a s e send your q u e s t i o n s in a d v a n c e to E v a B a t t , C h a i r m a n of the V e g a n C o u n c i l . T h e y will be a n s w e r e d f r o m the p l a t f o r m by O f f i c e r s of the S o c i e t y . L a t e r t h e r e will be plenty of opportunity f o r m e m b e r s to d i s c u s s t h e m o v e r t e a . O f f e r s of h e l p with the p r e p a r a t i o n of t e a - at 2pm - and i t s c l e a r i n g a w a y will be m o s t a p p r e c i a t e d . P l e a s e c o n t a c t the S e c r e t a r y about this.

THE ANIMALS FAIR D e c e m b e r 8 t h . and 9th. R o y a l H o r t i c u l t u r a l Hall, V i n c e n t S q u a r e , London, S W 1 . Noon to 7 p m . We have t a k e n a s t a l l t h r e e t i m e s a s l a r g e a s l a s t y e a r ! T h i s i s an a c t of f a i t h in M e m b e r s w i l l i n g n e s s to h e l p . P l e a s e b r i n g anything s a l e a b l e - o t h e r than clothing o r p e r i s h a b l e s - to the A . G. M. and we will t a k e it along to the F a i r . If you cannot get to the A . G. M . o r the F a i r t a k e it o r p o s t it to the S e c r e t a r y . P a r c e l s cannot be a c c e p t e d at the H a l l b e f o r e the F a i r . H o m e m a d e s a v o u r i e s and s n a c k s a r e a l w a y s w e l c o m e and d e m o n s t r a t e how t a s t y and s a t i s f y i n g v e g a n foods c a n b e . U n f o r t u n a t e l y t h e s e cannot be s t o r e d and should be brought to the R o y a l H o r t i c u l t u r a l Hall on the day. We did well l a s t y e a r ; we m u s t do at l e a s t t h r e e t i m e s a s w e l l t h i s y e a r . If you c a n h e l p man the s t a l l 4

w r i t e to the S e c r e t a r y and t e l l h e r which day and which h o u r s you c a n m a n a g e . P l e a s e w r i t e soon. You will find i t an e n j o y a b l e opportunity to w o r k in f e l l o w s h i p with l i k e minded people.

T H E S U R R E Y AND D I S T R I C T G R O U P will be m e e t i n g a g a i n at L e a t h e r h e a d a t 4 7 , Highlands R o a d . ( b e t w e e n the old P a r i s h C h u r c h and the B l i n d S c h o o l ) on Sunday D e c e m b e r 3 r d , a t 2. 3 0 p m . The S e c r e t a r y will s h a r e with the G r o u p s o m e of the i n t e r e s t i n g q u e s t i o n s that h a v e c o m e in h e r P o s t b a g and will a s k t h e m " W h a t Would You Have S a i d ? " We hope t h i s will be an opportunity to get to know e a c h o t h e r b e t t e r and to t a l k o v e r m a t t e r s of i m p o r t a n c e to us a l L

PAST MEETINGS

T h e "Garderi 1 P a r t y that w a s n ' t b e c a u s e it p o u r e d a l l day on J u n e 18th! H o w e v e r the w e a t h e r did not p r e v e n t w e l l o v e r f o r t y p e o p l e f r o m c o m i n g . How t h e y a l l s q u e e z e into the S e c r e t a r y ' s s i t t i n g r o o m was m a r v e l l o u s . E v e r y o n s e e m e d v e r y happy about it. P e r h a p s it was b e c a u s e it i s a l w a y s a j o y to m i x with people of l i k e s e n s i t i v i t y when the d a i l y round b r i n g s one up a g a i n s t so many who "do not want to k n o w " . P e r h a p s it was b e c a u s e , i n s t e a d of the sun, we had R i c h a r d St B a r b e B a k e r to e n l i v e n u s . He came in r e s p o n s e to a l a s t m i n u t e invitation to t a l k to us about h i s long and v a r i e d l i f e devoted to the T r e e s and through t h e m h i s f e l l o w m e n . The g l i m p s e s he gave of s e r v i c e to L i f e in so m a n y d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s was t r u l y i n s p i r i n g . He told us that M r . P e t e r W a l k e r h a s d e s i g n a t e d 1973 a s T h e Y e a r of the T r e e and that h e had b e e n a s k e d to s p e a k at the planning C o n f e r e n c e . We s h a l l be m a k i n g " T r e e s " the s p e c i a l f e a t u r e of our W i n t e r " V e g a n "

CHILDRENS PARTY Nine vegan o r n e a r vegan c h i l d r e n spent a happy day t o g e t h e r in the S e c r e t a r y ' s g a r d e n on J u l y 25th. T h i s t i m e the sun did s h i n e and the c h i l d r e n w e r e out a l l day

playing badminton and c r o q u e t , running r a c e s , walking by the r i v e r and e n j o y i n g being t o g e t h e r . T h e i r vigour and e n e r g y was wonderful to behold.

PUBLICITY MEETINGS Our s p e a k e r s have a d d r e s s e d v a r i o u s a u d i e n c e s d u r ing the p a s t s i x m o n t h s ; a S p i r i t u a l i s t Convention, The S a l v a t i o n A r m y , T o w n s w o m e n s Guilds and s m a l l e r groups of Young Wives e t c . TELEVISION

E v a B a t t a p p e a r e d on T h a m e s T e l e v i s i o n in the "Good A f t e r n o o n " p r o g r a m m e with D r . A r n o l d B e n d e r , P r o f e s s o r of Nutrition at Queen E l i z a b e t h ' s C o l l e g e and M r s R o s a l i n d C l a r k e , j o u r n a l i s t and b r o a d c a s t e r . D r . B e n d e r supported M r s B a t t ' s s t a t e m e n t that foods of a n i m a l o r i g i n a r e not n e c e s s a r y f o r human h e a l t h , and she a l s o made the point that v e g a n i s m could c o n t r i b u t e to the solution of the world food p r o b l e m . N E W S P A P E R S AND M A G A Z I N E S R e f e r e n c e s to the vegan way of l i f e a r e a p p e a r i n g m o r e and m o r e f r e q u e n t l y in the P r e s s and m o s t of t h e m a r e giving v e g a n i s m a good i m a g e . T h e " T i m e s " of August 2 3 r d c a r r i e d an e x c e l l e n t a r t i c l e by J o h n C l a r e on F a c t o r y F a r m i n g which p r o m o t e d c o n s i d e r a b l e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e . One l e t t e r (published on 25th August) was f r o m the P r e s i d e n t of the Vegan S o c i e t y , D r . F r e y E l l i s : it made a v e r y i m p o r t a n t point that s o m e s c i e n t i s t s c h o o s e too often to i g n o r e : " S c i e n c e i s the s e a r c h f o r a b s o l u t e truth and i f t h e r e a r e such q u a l i t i e s a s k i n d n e s s , c o n s i d e r a t i o n and l o v e , then s c i e n c e m u s t a c c e p t t h e m and not deny such q u a l i t i e s to c r e a t t u r e s who a r e s e n s i t i v e to t h e m . F o r s c i e n c e to s t a t e that the well being and h a p p i n e s s of a c a l f , or pig o r c h i c k e n i s u n n e c e s s a r y i s not only u n s c i e n t i f i c but shows g r o s s e m o t i o n a l b i a s . A s c i e n t i s t who i g n o r e s the q u a l i t i e s of k i n d n e s s , c o n s i d e r a t i o n and love in his work and h i s r e s e a r c h i s not a s c i e n t i s t . " W e do not know what the e f f e c t on m a n will be n u t r i t i o n a l l y , e m o t i o n a l l y and m o r a l l y of k e e p i n g m i l l i o n s 6

of a n i m a l s in c o n d i t i o n s which m a k e t h e i r l i f e i n t o l e r a b l e . T h e r e a r e n a t u r a l l a w s to which we a l l h a v e to s u b m i t , b i r t h and death being two. O b v i o u s l y t h e r e a r e o t h e r s of which we a r e a s y e t u n a w a r e . l t could be that the v a s t i n c r e a s e of f a c t o r y f a r m i n g will e v e n t u a l l y d e h u m a n i z e and demoralize man. " On S e p t e m b e r 1, s u m m i n g up the s e r i e s , the E d i t o r ial says : " I f a c a l f , l u c k y enough to be b o r n e on a f a r m of traditional c h a r a c t e r is separated from its mother almost a t b i r t h , d e h o r n e d , c a s t r a t e d and s l a u g h t e r e d at e i g h t e e n m o n t h s , it i s not e x a c t l y t r e a t e d to a full and n a t u r a l l i f e , even i f p a r t of it i s spent in a f l o w e r y p a s t u r e . It i s of c o u r s e a t e n a b l e e t h i c a l p o s i t i o n to condemn in p r i n c i p l e a n y such r a d i c a l i n t e r f e r e n c e with the n a t u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t of a n i m a l s . But the c o n d e m n a t i o n would e m b r a c e m o r e than f a c t o r y f a r m i n g : it would extend to m a n ' s s u b j u g a t i o n o f a n i m a l s f o r h i s own p u r p o s e s and a n i m a l h u s b a n d r y in p r e t t y well any f o r m s i n c e the p r a c t i c e b e g a n s i x thousand y e a r s ago. " and of f a c t o r y f a r m i n g : " i t i s a s k e d w h e t h e r this i s not a n o t h e r m a n i f e s t a t ion of what p r o m i s e s to be a s e l f - d e s t r u c t i v e e x p l o i t a t i o n of t h e i r p l a n e t and t h e i r f e l l o w c r e a t u r e s by a h u m a n g e n e r a t i o n d o m i n a t e d by the e f f e c t s of e c o n o m i c t h r u s t s and t e c h n o l o g i c a l a c c e l e r a t i o n - - - . It m a y not be p r a c t i c a b l e or

even desirable

to halt the t r e n d t o w a r d s m o r e

intensive

m e t h o d s of a n i m a l h u s b a n d r y if the v a l u e s , a s s u m p t i o n s , e c o n o m i c p r e s s u r e s and c o l l e c t i v e d r i v e s r e m a i n a s b e f o r e . At a n y r a t e it would s e e m to r e q u i r e an a l t o g e t h e r u n l i k e l y a c c e s s of p u b l i c s e n s i b i l i t y to b e a t the t r e n d a g a i n s t that u n c h a n g e d b a c k g r o u n d . " So we m u s t c h a n g e the b a c k g r o u n d . We m u s t change it to one d o m i n a t e d by the e t h i c of R e v e r e n c e f o r L i f e and that i m p l i e s v e g a n i s m . The f a c t that such s e n t i m e n t s c a n be e x p r e s s e d in T h e T i m e s E d i t o r i a l g i v e s ground for hope. A s t h e d r e a m s b e c o m e m o r e h o r r i f i c the s l e e p e r w a k e n s f r o m h i s n i g h t m a r e . A r e t h e r e s i g n s that mankind is waking f r o m h i s s i x thousand y e a r long s l e e p ? In " C o s m o p o l i t a n " f o r S e p t e m b e r a l e t t e r f r o m the C h a i r m a n of the Vegan C o u n c i l m a d e the point that the 7

v e g a n diet can be the m o s t e c o n o m i c a l one and that t h o s e who follow it a r e l e s s l i k e l y to c o n t r a c t s o m e of t o d a y ' s killer diseases. In the " P e o p l e " of M a y 2 1 s t . t h e r e was a l i v e l y a r t i c l e , c o m p l e t e with p i c t u r e , about M a r y and J a m e s W i l k i e s ' two vegan c h i l d r e n . The p r i n c i p l e s on which the Vegan Society is based were stated c l e a r l y . But the p r i z e g o e s to our m e m b e r in W a t f o r d , H e r t f o r d s h i r e , M a r g a r e t W o o l f o r d , who s o m e h o w m a n a g e s to get l e t t e r s p u b l i s h e d in a l l kinds of p a p e r s . One brought o v e r 70 d e m a n d s f o r our r e c i p e s h e e t s ; and with the s h e e t s of c o u r s e went l e a f l e t s e x p l a i n i n g vegan p r i n c i p l e s . H e r l a t e s t in the " E v e n i n g E c h o " h a s a p i c t u r e of a cow b e i n g m i l k e d and the caption "A m o s t w a s t e f u l way to get y o u r p i n t a " , and u n d e r n e a t h a v e r y c l e a r e x p o s i t i o n of our c a s e . One of the m o s t u s e f u l things you c a n do is to w r i t e l e t t e r s to the p r e s s o r to r e p l y to t h o s e published in t h e m . But do be c a r e f u l what you w r i t e . E m o t i o n a l o u t b u r s t s h a r m the c a u s e . C h e c k y o u r f a c t s . Avoid sweeping s t a t e m e n t s . M a k e y o u r l e t t e r s h o r t , c l e a r and p o s i t i v e . It i s d i f f i c u l t not to be a n g r y and b i t t e r a t t i m e s but such e m o t ions a r e c o u n t e r p r o d u c t i v e , bad a l i k e f o r the p e r s o n and his cause.

CYRIL FUGEMAN C y r i l was one of the s t a l w a r t s of v e g a n i s m , and t o g e t h e r with h i s wife J o a n , h e had been a staunch m e m b e r of the V e g a n S o c i e t y f o r a n u m b e r of y e a r s . D u r i n g the t i m e that C y r i l was helping m e with m y h e a l t h food b u s i n e s s at Chiesmans-, i n L e w i s h a m , I r e a l i s e d how devoted he was to a l l the c r e a t u r e s , a s m o s t of h i s t i m e was spent in h e l p i n g , in s o m e way or a n o t h e r , to a l l e v i a t e t h e i r s u f f e r i n g . C y r i l and J o a n w e r e c o n s t a n t l y a r r a n g i n g f u n d - r a i s i n g e v e n t s to h e l p t h o s e f r i e n d s o f o u r s who a r e unable to s p e a k f o r t h e m s e l v e s , a s well a s findi n g good h o m e s f o r many u n f o r t u n a t e s t r a y dogs and c a t s , o r m a k i n g t h e m w e l c o m e in t h e i r own h o m e . We send our loving thoughts to J o a n in h e r t i m e of s o r r o w , and I f e e l that no b e t t e r t r i b u t e could be paid to C y r i l than the f a c t that the i n v a l u a b l e work p r e v i o u s l y done by h i m s e l f and h i s wife will now, undoubtedly, be continued by J o a n h e r s e l f . T-, t j 1 M. E . H. 8

HUNT SABOTEURS I b e c a m e a vegetarian over 2 j y e a r s a g o , (I a m now a Vegan), b e c a u s e I r e a l i s e d that k i l l i n g f o r food was a c r u e l and u n n e c e s s a r y p r a c t i c e . It soon b e c a m e c l e a r to m e , however, that although the s l a u g h t e r h o u s e and factory-farm were completely s e n s e l e s s i n s t i t u t i o n s , t h o s e who hunted and k i l l e d c r e a t u r e s f o r fun w e r e f a r m o r e to be d e s p i s ed, ( a n d i ndeed p i t i e d ) , than t h o s e who g e n u i n e l y , but w r o n g l y , b e l i e v e d that k i l l i n g was n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e i r n o u r i s h m e n t . F o r this r e a s o n I f e l t c o m p e l l e d to do w h a t e v e r I could to b r i n g about the d e m i s e of b l o o d s p o r t s in this C o u n t r y . I was soon d e l i g h t e d to d i s c o v e r that t h e r e e x i s t ed an o r g a n i s a t i o n , the Hunt S a b o t e u r s A s s o c i a t i o n , which took n o n - v i o l e n t d i r e c t a c t i o n to stop hunting and to s a v e the hunted c r e a t u r e . T h e Hunt S a b o t e u r s A s s o c i a t i o n was f o r m e d in B r i x h a m , Devon in 1 9 6 3 , by a. group of young people who w e r e not willing to wait f o r l e g i s l a t i o n to end b l o o d s p o r t s , but wanted to e n g a g e in d i r e c t a c t i o n to stop hunting. The m o v e m e n t g r e w q u i c k l y , and soon r e a c h e d a m e m b e r s h i p of s e v e r a l t h o u s a n d s who d i s r u p t e d hunts a l l o v e r the C o u n t r y . D e s pite t h e f a c t "that the r e a c t i o n of h u n t s m e n and hunt s u p p o r t e r s w e r e f r e q u e n t l y v i o l e n t , ( i n d i c a t i v e of t h e i r n a t u r e , no doubt), the m o v e m e n t kept going and j u s t l a t e l y h a s shown a new l e a s e of l i f e . It h a s now b e c o m e a r e a l t h r e a t to the e x i s t e n c e of s e v e r a l h u n t s , b e c a u s e m e t h o d s of s a b o t a g e h a v e b e e n so p e r f e c t e d that m a x i m u m c o n f u s i o n can be e f f e c t e d with the m i n i m u m n u m b e r of p e o p l e . T h e o t t e r hunting s e a s o n i s now drawing to a c l o s e , and throughout it the a c t i o n s of Hunt S a b o t e u r s have b e e n v e r y e f f e c t i v e . F a l s e hunting c r i e s a r e u s e d to s p l i t the p a c k of hounds, and the banks of the r i v e r a r e s p r a y e d with " a n t i - m a t e " (made f r o m n a t u r a l i n g r e d i e n t s ) which h a s the e f f e c t of t e m p o r a r i l y p r e v e n t i n g the dogs f r o m p i c k ing up the s c e n t of o t t e r s . If t h e r e a r e enough S a b o t e u r s , (we f r e q u e n t l y o u t n u m b e r the h u n t s m e n ) , we a c t u a l l y 9

a c c o m p a n y the hunt along the r i v e r b a n k , m u c h to t h e i r d i s m a y , to m a k e doubly s u r e that t h e y f a i l to l o c a t e t h e i r q u a r r y . O v e r the s e a s o n we intended to h i t , a t l e a s t o n c e , a l l 17 o t t e r h u n t s l e f t in the C o u n t r y , and a t the t i m e of w r i t i n g it s e e m s that we s h a l l s u c c e e d in our object^ We a r e s u r e that the n u m b e r of o t t e r s caught this s e a s o n will be an a l l t i m e l o w . D u r i n g the foxhunting s e a s o n of 1 9 7 1 / 7 2 the Hunt S a b o t e u r s A s s o c i a t i o n hit hunts on a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 0 0 o c c a s i o n s * by u s i n g f a l s e hunting c r i e s and s p r a y i n g " a n t i - m a t e " . In e m e r g e n c y s i t u a t i o n s s m o k e s c r e e n s w e r e l a i d b e t w e e n the q u a r r y and the h o u n d s . Hunts w e r e h i t a l l o v e r the C o u n t r y , and one m e e t in South D o r s e t a t t r a c t e d 120 d e m o n s t r a t o r s . T h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t c r u e l t y g o e s on and although our funds a r e v e r y l i m i t e d we intend to expand our a c t i v i t i e s s t i l l f u r t h e r . T h e s t a g hunting s e a s o n i s a l r e a d y upon u s , and f o x and h a r e hunting a r e due to b e g i n a g a i n shortly, so we would a p p r e c i a t e a ' all the help we c a n g e t . A l a r g e perc e n t a g e of our m e m bers are Vegetarians, ana many people get converted to v e g e t a r i a n i s m a f t e r j o i n i n g t h e Hunt S a b o t e u r s . A s f a r a s I know I a m the only Vegan a m o n g the S a b o t e u r s , but I a m s u r e that t h i s s i t u a t i o n will c h a n g e s h o r t l y . Anyone i n t e r e s t e d in helping us should c o n t a c t I a i n M c N a y at , L o n d o n , S . W. 2 0 . 01-946-6041. Ronnie L e e . BIRTH

ANNOUNCEMENT

H a r r y and M i r i a m M a t h e r a r e proud to a n n o u n c e the a r r i v a l of t h e i r son David Stephen on 6th J u n e 1972 - a b r o t h e r f o r V a l e r i e . He weighed 71b 5oz at b i r t h and h a s m a d e good p r o g r e s s s i n c e on a diet of n a t u r a l m i l k s u p p l e m e n t e d with P l a m i l . 10

S O I L T O P L A N T T O A N I M A L TO M A N OR S O I L T O P L A N T T O A N I M A L AND MAN

In J u l y the S o i l A s s o c i a t i o n , in c o n j u n c t i o n with E w e l l T e c h n i c a l C o l l e g e in S u r r e y , o r g a n i z e d a five day c o u r s e e n t i t l e d " A B i o l o g i c a l A p p r o a c h to Soil H u s b a n d r y " . On t h r e e of the days t h e r e w e r e four one hour l e c t u r e s , e a c h f o l l o w e d by q u e s t i o n s f r o m the a u d i e n c e . B e t w e e n the l e c t u r e s t h e r e w e r e l o n g i s h b r e a k s f o r m e a l s and getting to know p e o p l e . On one day we v i s i t e d e i t h e r an o r g a n i c f a r m or a m a r k e t g a r d e n , and on a n o t h e r t h e r e w e r e f i l m s . T h e f i r s t l e c t u r e s w e r e f a c t u a l , t e l l i n g us how the s o i l i s f o r m e d , how i t s s t r u c t u r e can be m a i n t a i n e d , i m p r o v e d o r d e s t r o y e d , the way the n i t r o g e n and c a r b o n c y c l e s work and s o m e t h i n g of the m y s t e r i e s of the s o i l l i f e . L i f e in the s o i l i s e s s e n t i a l f o r m a i n t a i n i n g f e r t i l i t y , and " o r t h o d o x " f a r m i n g p r o c e d u r e s tend to d i s r u p t and d e s t r o y t h i s l i f e . F r o m a Vegan point of v i e w we should t r y to l i v e in h a r m o n y with l i f e in the s o i l a s we do with o t h e r f o r m s of l i f e . The m i d d l e l e c t u r e s w e r e given by f a r m e r s and g r o w e r and w e r e c o n c e r n e d with the p r a c t i c a l side of m a i n t a i n i n g s o i l f e r t i l i t y and growing and s e l l i n g c r o p s . In the m a i n t h i s d e a l t with l i v e s t o c k f a r m i n g and the s p r e a d i n g of t h e i r w a s t e s on the l a n d . It was g e n e r a l l y a g r e e d that the a n i m a l w a s t e s should be c o m p o s t e d with a l a r g e r a m o u n t of plant m a t e r i a l , r a t h e r than being applied to the s o i l n e a t . An important

question

was

put d u r i n g

one l e c t u r e to

f o u r o r g a n i c f a r m e r s on the p l a t f o r m . T h e q u e s t i o n was " D o you think that in o r d e r to m a i n t a i n s o i l f e r t i l i t y , it i s e s s e n t i a l to h a v e m i x e d f a r m i n g ? " , i . e . with a n i m a l s and a r a b l e t o g e t h e r . The u n a n i m o u s a n s w e r f r o m the panel was " Y e s " , and this i s one of the b a s i c b e l i e f s of the S o i l A s s o c i a t i o n . T h i s r e v i v e d thoughts in m y mind that h a v e dogged m e in the p a s t . Should I, a s a V e g a n , c o n t i n ue to s u p p o r t the A s s o c i a t i o n that h a s a s i t s b a s i c p h i l o s ophy the c y c l e of s o i l - t o - p l a n t - t o - a n i m a l - t o - m a n , when m y p h i l o s o p h y i s the c y c l e s o i l - t o - p l a n t - t o - a n i m a l - a n d - m a n . The d i f f e r e n c e i s so b a s i c . H o w e v e r , o r g a n i c f a r m e r s s e e m to c a r e about l i f e in and above the s o i l even though t h e y b e l i e v e it n e c e s s a r y to e a t a n i m a l s and the food of t h e i r o f f s p r i n g . I have found the S o i l A s s o c i a t i o n p u b l i c a t i o n s u s e f u l in giving i n f o r m a t i o n about the h a z a r d s of m a n y

h a r m f u l or p o t e n t i a l l y h a r m f u l s u b s t a n c e s u s e d in o r t h o dox f a r m i n g and e v e r y d a y l i f e . I do not f e e l at the m o m e n t that I should i s o l a t e m y s e l f f r o m people who I b e l i e v e a r e c l o s e r than m o s t to having r e v e r e n c e f o r a l l l i f e . M a y b e , when the V e g a n i c A s s o c i a t i o n b e c o m e s e s t a b l i s h e d , I will r e c o n s i d e r the q u e s t i o n . On the W e d n e s d a y we v i s i t e d two m a r k e t g a r d e n s , an o r g a n i c one of about ten a c r e s at L o s e l e y P l a c e , G o d a l m i n g S u r r e y , and the o t h e r an o r t h o d o x c o m m e r c i a l m a r k e t g a r den of about 360 a c r e s , H e w i t t ' s , n e a r M i l f o r d in S u r r e y . At L o s e l e y , old f a r m y a r d m a n u r e i s u s e d and t h e y do not have t i m e to c o m p o s t . The c r o p s and t h e w e e d s l o o k e d h e a l t h y , but we w e r e told that they could not e x i s t c o m m e r c i a l l y u n l e s s they continued to get double the n o r m a l p r i c e for t h e i r p r o d u c e . T h i s i s a r a t h e r s o b e r i n g thought, but when I s t a r t m y v e g a n i c m a r k e t g a r d e n I intend p r o v i n g them wrong. T h e c o n t r a s t at H e w i t t ' s was i m m e n s e . F i e l d s of l e t t u c e s , c a r r o t s , e t c . , s t r e t c h i n g away into the d i s t a n c e . The c r o p s ' l o o k e d ' good but the s o i l s e e m e d to l a c k l i f e , though they do i n c o r p o r a t e t h i r t y tons of o r g a n i c m a t t e r p e r a c r e e v e r y t h r e e y e a r s . S p r a y i n g h e r b i c i d e s and p e s t i c i d e s i s v i r t u a l l y a continual o p e r a t i o n . F r o m an o r t h o d o x point of v i e w it i s a v e r y e f f i c i e n t l y run m a r k e t g a r d e n . H o w e v e r , I know which of the two I would r a t h e r work on. One l e c t u r e was given by D r . Moult, P r e s i d e n t of the M c C a r r i s o n S o c i e t y . â&#x20AC;˘ He was c o n c e r n e d with the r e l a t i o n ship b e t w e e n h e a l t h y s o i l and the n u t r i t i v e v a l u e of p l a n t s . It was good to h e a r h i m c o n f i r m that m a n can obtain a l l h i s n u t r i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s d i r e c t f r o m p l a n t s . S o m e of the a u d i e n c e had d i s p l a y e d t h e i r i g n o r a n c e on this point. T h e f i n a l l e c t u r e s c o v e r e d the wider a s p e c t of the whole c o m m u n i t y in r e l a t i o n to the s o i l , and the way it should be o r g a n i z e d on a long t e r m e c o n o m i c b a s i s . D r . S c h u m a c h e r the P r e s i d e n t of the A s s o c i a t i o n and a founder of the I n t e r m e d i a t e T e c h n o l o g y Group gave a c l e a r a c c o u n t of s o m e of the f o l l i e s the ' c i v i l i s e d ' man is c o m m i t t i n g with r e g a r d to the u s e and a b u s e of food supplies and the p o l lution that t h i s c a u s e s . H o w e v e r , a s D r . S c h u m a c h e r s a i d , it i s e a s y to d i a g n o s e the p r o b l e m , difficult to p r e s c r i b e a r e m e d y and m a y b e i m p o s s i b l e to p e r s u a d e the p a t i e n t to t a k e the m e d i c i n e . One p a r t i c i p a n t at the c o u r s e w o r k e d f o r one of the l o c a l a u t h o r i t i e s that c o m p o s t m u n i c i p a l w a s t e . A f t e r 12

a l m o s t e v e r y l e c t u r e he r a i s e d the q u e s t i o n of m u n i c i p a l c o m p o s t and it b e c a m e quite a j o k e by the end of the w e e k . T h e s p e a k e r s g e n e r a l l y r e c o g n i s e d the p r o b l e m of d e a l i n g with h u m a n w a s t e s , but w e r e h e s i t a n t about applying t h e m to the l a n d . The g e n e r a l f e e l i n g was that t h e y should be c y c l e d through p l a n t s for a n i m a l food r a t h e r than b e i n g a p p l i e d to land growing c r o p s f o r h u m a n c o n s u m p t i o n . I b e l i e v e that we m u s t c y c l e human w a s t e s b a c k to the s o i l , f r o m both the s o i l f e r t i l i t y and pollution a s p e c t s . If an a c r e of land c a n supply the n e e d s of s a y two p e o p l e , then the w a s t e s of two p e o p l e should be a p p l i e d to the l a n d , with the p r o v i s o t h a t t h e r e a r e no p e r s i s t e n t l y t o x i c s u b s t a n c e s within the w a s t e s . D o e s this m e a n that we in G r e a t B r i t a i n e x p o r t s o m e of our human w a s t e s to c o u n t r i e s with l o w e r population d e n s i t i e s who supply us with f o o d ? One u s e that c a n be m a d e of w a s t e m a t e r i a l s i s to p a s s t h e m through a b i o - g a s plant and p r o d u c e m e t h a n e g a s which i s s i m i l a r to n a t u r a l g a s and c a n be u s e d f o r h e a t i n g , l i g h t i n g and p o w e r . T h i s would r e d u c e the d e m a n d f o r o t h e r f u e l s and a l s o r e d u c e the r e l e a s e of m e t h a n e g a s into the a t m o s p h e r e , which i s b e l i e v e d by s o m e s c i e n t i s t s to be d e p l e t i n g the a t m o s p h e r i c ozone c o n t e n t . Ozone p r o t e c t s the l i f e on e a r t h f r o m the s u n ' s u l t r a - v i o l e t r a y s . T h i s g a s p r o d u c t i o n would s t i l l l e a v e s u r p l u s w a s t e m a t e r i a l , but could not this be s p r e a d on unproductive land to build up s o i l f e r t i l i t y ? T h e c o u r s e was s u m m e d up by D r . Anthony D e a v i n who was i n s t r u m e n t a l in o r g a n i s i n g i t , and to whom I would l i k e to t a k e this opportunity of giving t h a n k s f o r both the w o r k h e put into the o r g a n i s a t i o n , and f o r h i s e n t e r t a i n i n g l e c t u r e s . He l e f t us with the thought that it i s not the p e o p l e who shout and m a k e m o s t n o i s e who i n s t i g a t e c h a n g e , but the p e o p l e who q u i e t l y w o r k away in the b a c k g r o u n d . I a g r e e with t h i s and b e l i e v e that we a s V e g a n s c a n m o s t i n f l u e n c e o t h e r s by doing our b e s t to l i v e up to o u r i d e a l s w h i l s t m a i n t a i n i n g a t o l e r a n t attitude to o t h e r s who do not y e t s e e our point of v i e w . I e n j o y e d the c o u r s e i m m e n s e l y , and found it s t i m u l a t i n g t a l k i n g to so many people of d i f f e r e n t a g e s and f r o m d i f f e r e n t walks of l i f e , and a l l s e a r c h i n g f o r the t r u t h . Two s i m i l a r c o u r s e s a r e being planned f o r A p r i l and O c t o b e r n e x t y e a r , and I would r e c o m m e n d anyone to attend if t h e y so d e s i r e d . R o b e r t C o l b y . Young Vegan studying Horticulture. 13

VITAMIN B 12 WITH

PARTICULAR

REFERENCE

CHILDREN

F r e y R . E l l i s M. D. (Lond). , F . R . C. P a t h . , J o h n W. E l l i s B . S c . The only s o u r c e of v i t a m i n B 1 2 i s b a c t e r i a without which it cannot be s y n t h e s i s e d . T h i s v i t a m i n i s e s s e n t i a l f o r the i n t e g r i t y of e v e r y c e l l in the body, and t h e r e f o r e if it i s l a c k i n g in the diet or cannot be a b s o r b e d when m a d e by i n t e s t i n a l b a c t e r i a , a l l bodily Cells s u f f e r . The c e l l s of the blood and the n e r v o u s s y s t e m a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y s e n s i t i v e to l a c k of this v i t a m i n ; should a d e f i c i e n c y of B 1 2 continue this can l e a d to t h r e e c o n d i t i o n s . A p a r t i c u l a r type of a n a e m i a t e r m e d m e g a l o b l a s t i c , d i s e a s e of the n e r v o u s s y s t e m c a l l e d s u b - a c u t e c o m b i n e d d e g e n e r a t i o n of the c o r d , and m e n t a l s y m p t o m s t e r m e d m e g a l o b l a s t i c m a d n e s s . A l l t h r e e can be c u r e d by B 1 2 t h e r a p y but in the c a s e of the n e r v o u s s y s t e m if the p r o c e s s h a s gone beyond a c e r t a i n point the d i s e a s e can only be halted and p e r m a n e n t d i s a b i l i t y r e s u l t s . T h e i n c i d e n c e in v e g a n s of any s y m p t o m s of v i t a m i n B 1 2 d e f i c i e n c y is v e r y s m a l l . T h e u n s u p p l e m e n t e d vegan diet c o n t a i n s no v e r i f i e d s o u r c e of v i t a m i n B 1 2 . S o m e people c l a i m c e r t a i n plants contain s m a l l t r a c e s , but its p r e s e n c e h a s only been v e r i f i e d in s e a w e e d growing n e a r s e w a g e . T h e s t o r e s of B 1 2 in the body a r e g e n e r a l l y c o n s i d e r e d s u f f i c i e n t f o r five y e a r s a f t e r which t i m e t h e y have b e e n found to d e c l i n e in the a b s e n c e of d i e t a r y s u p p l e m e n t s . The b a c t e r i a in the human colon ( l a r g e i n t e s t i n e ) s y n t h e s i s e s B 1 2 , in m o s t c a s e s t h i s is not a v a i l a b l e f o r a b s o r p t i o n a s this v i t a m i n i s a b s o r b e d by the l a s t p a r t of the i l e u m ( l a s t p a r t of s m a l l i n t e s t i n e ) . A few v e g a n s who had l i v e d on the diet for 14 - 17 y e a r s without B 1 2 s u p p l e m e n t s w e r e found to have m a i n t a i n e d n o r m a l s e r u m B 1 2 l e v e l s . In t h e s e c a s e s it would a p p e a r that e i t h e r they a b s o r b the B 1 2 f r o m the c o l o n , p o s s i b l y due to a c h a n g e in the p e r m e a b i l i t y of the colon m u c o s a by the diet, or that a s m a l l p a r t of the t e r m i n a l i l e u m h a s b e c o m e 14

c o l o n i s e d by B 1 2 producing b a c t e r i a . H o w e v e r , it is w i s e f o r v e g a n s to t a k e B 1 2 s u p p l e m e n t s , the daily r e q u i r e m e n t b e i n g 3 - 4 m i c r o g r a m s in the d i e t . T a b l e t s c o n t a i n 5 - 1 0 m i c r o g r a m s and c a n be obtained f r o m H e a l t h F o o d S t o r e s * T h e v i t a m i n i s obtained f r o m b a c t e r i a grown on v e g e t a b l e m e d i a . V e g a n s who do not c h o o s e to t a k e a n y s u p p l e m e n t s should h a v e t h e i r s e r u m B 1 2 c h e c k e d at l e a s t y e a r l y and p r e f e r a b l y t w i c e y e a r l y . It would be of g r e a t value if a g r o u p of v e g a n s who have n e v e r t a k e n B 1 2 , e s p e c i a l l y thos who h a v e j u s t s t a r t e d the d i e t , had t h e i r s e r u m B 1 2 l e v e l s done e v e r y s i x m o n t h s . T h i s would a l s o apply to v e g a n s who had c e a s e d to t a k e s u p p l e m e n t s . S e v e r a l y e a r s a g o we e x a m i n e d twenty l i f e v e g a n s f r o m the a g e of s i x m o n t h s to twenty y e a r s . None of t h e m had b e e n given B 1 2 s u p p l e m e n t s . T h e y w e r e a l l h e a l t h y and had no e v i d e n c e of B 1 2 d e f i c i e n c y although we did not e s t i m a t e the s e r u m B 1 2 in a l l c a s e s b e c a u s e of p a r e n t a l obj e c t i o n . In t h o s e c a s e s w h e r e the s e r u m B 1 2 l e v e l was e s t i m a t e d it was n o r m a l . T h i s s u g g e s t s that c h i l d r e n brought up s i n c e b i r t h on a v e g a n diet m a n a g e to a b s o r b the B 1 2 m a d e by the b a c t e r ia in t h e i r c o l o n s . H o w e v e r it i s i m p o r t a n t to watch f o r s y m p t o m s in c h i l d r e n , who a r e not taking B 1 2 s u p p l e m e n t s of d e f i c i e n c y f o r t h i s v i t a m i n , and b e t t e r s t i l l to h a v e an annual c h e c k on t h e i r s e r u m l e v e l s . A l l the s u b j e c t s we studied in t h i s group w e r e under weight a s c o m p a r e d with o m n i v o r e s , This

is not a d i s a d v a n t a g e .

A weighed

dietary-

s u r v e y was done a s well but we have not y e t the r e s u l t s of this. O t h e r foods s u p p l e m e n t e d with B 1 2 a p a r t f r o m t a b l e t s are^ P l a m i l , G r a n o l a c and B a r m e n e . T h e s e m a y be t a k e n in p l a c e of the B 1 2 t a b l e t s p r o v i d e d s u f f i c i e n t of t h e m to p r o v i d e 3 - 4 m i c r o g r a m s a day i s i n g e s t e d , but it is m o r e e c o n o m i c a l and p r a c t i c a l to t a k e v i t a m i n B 1 2 in the f o r m of t a b l e t s . * C h e c k y o u r S h o p p e r ' s Guide to find t h o s e with a v e g a n ba NATIONAL S O C I E T Y F O R ABOLITION O F F A C T O R Y S a t u r d a y O c t o b e r 28th at 2. 3 0 p m . FARMING D i s c u s s i o n on ways to f o r w a r d the a i m s o f the S o c i e t y and to c r e a t e p u b l i c i t y . F r i e n d s I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t r e , c o r n e r of Byng and T o r r i n g t o n P l a c e , 5 m i n s walk f r o m Goodge S t . Underground S t a t i o n . M r . W. M o l l o y , M. P . will t a k e the c h a i r . L . N. ; _

GARDENERS! Since its introduction three fertilizer has become widely

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Price list for mailorder(Postage & Packing Included) FROM JUNE 1'1972| BRAZILS(Medium) KERNELS

42p per lb

WALNUTS

49p per lb

HAZELS

41p per lb

CASHEWS

44p per lb

JORDAN ALMONDS

59p per lb

Minimum Order E1-25p

THE WOOLMAN WAY T h e Q u a k e r s a r e going walking - along the r o u t e to Y o r k t a k e n by J o h n Woolman the Q u a k e r " s a i n t " f r o m New J e r s e y two hundred y e a r s a g o . He c h o s e to walk b e c a u s e he would not use the s t a g e c o a c h s e r v i c e that so c r u e l l y e x p l o i t e d the p o s t boys and h o r s e s . Though not a vegan J o h n W o o l m a n ' s attitude to a n i m a l s was a s f a r a h e a d of the a c c e p t e d s t a n d a r d s of h i s age a s that Of v e g a n s today. In the e i g h t e e n t h c e n t u r y it was r a r e f o r anyone to show c o m p a s s i o n f o r a n i m a l s . T h e r e w e r e no c o n t r o l s at a l l o v e r the r e a r i n g and s l a u g h t e r i n g of a n i m a l s , m a n y kinds of c r u e l s p o r t s w e r e c o m monly e n j o y e d , c a t s w e r e skinned a l i v e in the s t r e e t s and b i r d s w e r e blinded to m a k e t h e m sing m o r e s w e e t l y in t h e i r c a g e s . In 1809 L o r d E r s k i n e was g r e e t e d by shouts of d e r i s i o n in the House of L o r d s when he sought to i n t r o duce l a w s f o r the p r o t e c t i o n of a n i m a l s and the C o m m o n s r u l e d it a s " a s u b j e c t not fit f o r l e g i s l a t i o n " . So take h e a r t a n i m a l d e f e n d e r s , t h e r e h a s been p r o g r e s s . In his J o u r n a l Woolman s p e a k s m o v i n g l y of his c o n c e r n f o r o v e r - w o r k e d oxen and u n d e r f e d c o w s , for goaded h o r s e s and the l i v e f o w l s c a r r i e d f o r food on the t r a n s a t l a n t i c b o a t s . I.f only f a r m e r s and v i v i s e c t o r s of today would l i s t e n to h i s plea " t h a t we do not l e s s e n the s w e e t n e s s of l i f e in the a n i m a l c r e a t i o n " . H o w e v e r he was ful]y o c c u p i e d with a n o t h e r a r e a of c r u e l e x p l o i t a t i o n f o r in h i s day t h e r e was a s e c t i o n of the human r a c e who w e r e t r e a t ed a s a n i m a l s a r e t r e a t e d today - the n e g r o s l a v e s f r o m A f r i c a . T h e y w e r e , a s a n i m a l s a r e today, p a c k e d tightly in ships and t r a n s p o r t e d to f o r e i g n l a n d s . M a n y died on the way in appalling c o n d i t i o n s . T h e y w e r e sold openly in the m a r k e t p l a c e s , prodded and goaded with no thought f o r the indignity and s u f f e r i n g . W h o e v e r bought t h e m had a b s o l u t e r i g h t s o v e r t h e m . T h e y w e r e r e g a r d e d a s c r e a t u r e s whose s o l e function was to c o n t r i b u t e to the p h y s i c a l a d v a n t a g e s , so c o n s t r u e d , of t h e i r o w n e r s , to p r o v i d e t h e m with food and clothing and m o n e y to buy l u x u r i e s and to obtain powe r in t h e i r c o m m u n i t i e s . It i s h a r d to b e l i e v e that such a c t i v i t i e s w e r e a c c e p t e d a s i n e v i t a b l e and j u s t i f i e d by h i g h minded p e o p l e , even by the Q u a k e r s . H o w e v e r a s is s t i l l a l l to a p p a r e n t today, m a n ' s a b i l i t y to c l o s e h i s mind to e t h i c a l c h a l l e n g e s that t h r e a t e n h i s m a t e r i a l a d v a n t a g e s is

p r a c t i c a l l y u n a s s a i l a b l e - but not q u i t e , J o h n Woolman m a d e it h i s m a j o r c o n c e r n to open the m i n d s of h i s f e l l o w Q u a k e r s to the h a r m t h e y w e r e doing to t h e m s e l v e s a s well a s t h e i r s l a v e s , and he s u c c e e d e d . B e f o r e h i s death in 1772 m o s t Q u a k e r s had f r e e d t h e i r s l a v e s and s h o r t l y a f t e r the holding of s l a v e s was m a d e i l l e g a l in that s o c i e t y . M o r e o v e r he d e m o n s t r a t e d the v a l i d i t y of a method that could well be studied by a l l m i n o r i t y g r o u p s who, a s the v e g a n s , s e e k to h e l p the v i c t i m s of p o w e r f u l o p p r e s s i o n . The Woolman way i s b a s e d f i r s t l y on the c o n v i c t i o n that the e x p l o i t a t i o n of the weak by the s t r o n g i s c o n t r a r y to the u n d e r l y i n g s c h e m e of t h i n g s , to what W o o l m a n c a l l e d U n i v e r s a l R i g h t e o u s n e s s . Without s o m e such f a i t h h o w e v e r d e f i n e d , v e g a n s a r e on u n c e r t a i n ground. If Life in a l l i t s wonderful and v a r i e d m a n i f e s t a t i o n s i s j u s t the r e s u l t of blind c h a n c e , i s j u s t " a t a l e told by an i d i o t , full of sound and f u r y , signifying n o t h i n g " l i t t l e i n s p i r a t ion c a n be found f o r c h a l l e n g i n g i t s a b u s e . Only a b a s i c faith in " s o m e t h i n g not o u r s e l v e s that m a k e s f o r r i g h t e o u s n e s s " , w h e t h e r it be e x p r e s s e d in r e l i g i o u s , p h i l o s o p h i c a l o r h u m a n i t a r i a n t e r m s can give that enduring s t r e n g t h to m a k e headway a g a i n s t m a t e r i a l i s t i c s e l f - i n t e r e s t and i t s attendant c r u e l t y . S e c o n d l y the W o o l m a n way i s b a s e d on the b e l i e f that t h e r e e x i s t s in e v e r y man s o m e t h i n g of that s a m e U n i v e r s . a l R i g h t e o u s n e s s , that e v e r y m a n h o w e v e r m i s g u i d e d o r d e b a s e d i s c a p a b l e of showing l o v e and m e r c y and of r e sponding to T r u t h . W o o l m a n a p p r o a c h e d the s l a v e o w n e r s in that s p i r i t . H i s l o v e and c o n c e r n for t h e m was a s g r e a t a s h i s pity f o r the s l a v e s . "He did not condemn t h e m but b e c a u s e of h i s f a i t h in t h e m they c a m e t o c o n d e m n t h e m s e l v e s and to c h a n g e t h e i r w a y s " . P r o s p e r o u s s l a v e o w n e r s f r e e d t h e i r s l a v e s o v e r n i g h t a f t e r J o h n W o o l m a n had v i s i t e d them. W o o l m a n n e v e r sought to evade the s u f f e r i n g that h i s s e n s i t i v i t y i n e v i t a b l y b r o u g h t . He a c c e p t e d it a s l a i d upon h i m and found s e r e n i t y in obeying the i m p u l s e to s h a r e h i s i n s i g h t s with o t h e r s , to open t h e i r e y e s and i n s p i r e t h e m to f r e e t h e m s e l v e s and t h o s e t h e y e x p l o i t e d f r o m a c o m m o n bondage to g r e e d . He r e c o g n i s e d a s a f i r s t o b l i g a t i o n " t o get h i s own l i f e in the c l e a r " a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e . V e g a n s will f e e l s y m pathy with h i s r e f u s a l to e a t the s u g a r p r o d u c e d by s l a v e l a b o u r and with h i s w e a r i n g of undyed c l o t h b e c a u s e dye was got f r o m m i n e s w o r k e d by s l a v e s . Y e t he n e v e r 17

f l a u n t e d h i s p e r s o n a l e x a m p l e but a l w a y s a p p r o a c h e d o t h e r s with h u m i l i t y and a deep d e s i r e to avoid hurting t h e m . It r e q u i r e d g r e a t c o u r a g e on h i s p a r t to r e c o g n i s e that to a l i e n a t e people was s o m e t i m e s i n e v i t a b l e - " I saw t h a t if I was h o n e s t to d e c l a r e that which T r u t h opened to m e , I could not p l e a s e a l l m e n " . But he c o m f o r t e d h i m s e l f that by " s p e a k i n g the t r u t h in l o v e " h e was s e r v i n g the c a u s e of " t r u e " a s opposed to " s u p e r f i c i a l " f r i e n d s h i p . V e g a n s , who often h a v e to r e f u s e food kindly o f f e r e d will a p p r e c i a t e W o o l m a r i ' s r e f u s a l to a c cept h o s p i t a l i t y b a s e d on s l a v e l a b o u r . Can t h e y s p e a k a s he did with s u f f i c i e n t s i n c e r i t y , l o v e and h u m i l i t y to be effective

without

antagonising?

How e f f e c t i v e i s the W o o l m a n w a y ? - the way of the c o n s c i e n t i o u s a f f i r m e r , the way of m e r c y and t r u t h which "is n e i t h e r i n d i f f e r e n c e to e v i l n o r r i g h t e o u s indignation but the c u l t i v a t i o n of b r o t h e r h o o d ? . T o m a n y it will s e e m p i t i a b l y weak in the f a c e of human g r e e d , l o v e of e a s e and l u s t f o r p o w e r . But v i o l e n t m e t h o d s though they m a y gain g r e a t e r immediate advantage provoke negating r e p e r c u s s i o n s F o r i n s t a n c e t h e r e might be m u c h t r u t h m the c o m m e n t " I f the a b o l i t i o n i s t s of the N o r t h had s h a r e d not only the z e a l of W o o l m a n and h i s f r i e n d s but a l s o t h e i r p a t i e n c e and b r o t h e r l i n e s s in s e e k i n g not only to r e m e d y the wrong but to c o n v e r t the w r o n g d o e r , one w o n d e r s w h e t h e r the A m e r i c a n C i v i l W a r could h a v e been p o s s i b l e " , and the c o l o u r p r o b l e m in A m e r i c a today that W o o l m a n f o r s a w so c l e a r l y might have been avoided. T o d a y v e g a n s b l e s s e d , a s was J o h n W o o l m a n , with a s e n s i t i v i t y in a d v a n c e of t h e i r day, h a v e a c a u s e such a s h i s . T h e i r s t r e n g t h i s b a s e d a s was h i s on a v i s i o n of T r u t h and on that in the h e a r t of m a n that m u s t in due c o u r s e r e s p o n d to T r u t h . In s o f a r a s t h e y c a n f o l l o w the W o o l m a n way of h u m i l i t y and c o n c e r n f o r the o p p r e s s o r s a s w e l l a s the o p p r e s s e d , t h e y can look f o r w a r d to the day when the c i r c l e of c o m p a s s i o n i s widened to i n c l u d e not only a l l m e n but a l l c r e a t u r e s . (Quotations f r o m " T h e W i s d o m of W o o l m a n " by R e g i n a l d R e y n o l d s , o b t a i n a b l e f r o m F r i e n d s B o o k s h o p , E u s t o n Rd. ^ i , , .

London.)

R . S . P . C . A . i n v e s t i g a t i o n s into e x p o r t of l i v e a n i m a l s f o r food r e v e a l e d a n i m a l s had t r a v e l l e d 1, 100 k m a f t e r l a n d i n g , i n s t e a d of 100 a s r u l e d . S l a u g h t e r had b e e n c a r r i e d out without stunning. S h e e p had been r e e x p o r t e d without r e s t or food. * T h e T i m e s , M a y 2nd. 1 9 7 2 . 18

HAVING A VEGAN BABY

" Y o u ' l l n e v e r c a r r y a baby p a s t t h r e e m o n t h s " s a i d _ the m e d i c a l h e r a l d of doom at the A n t e - N a t a l C l i n i c in F e b r u a r y 1 9 4 0 . " Y o u r p e l v i s h a s been d e f o r m e d by r i c k e t s " . Stunned, I l a t e r had the good f o r t u n e to m e e t a n a t u r o p a t h who told m e that m e d i c o s u s e d to o r t h o d o x f e e d e r s knew nothing of the p o s s i b i l i t i e s of m y body. I had b e e n a p l a n t e a t e r (the t e r m " V e g a n " was not coined until y e a r s l a t e r ) f o r t h r e e y e a r s and a v e g e t a r i a n f o r s e v e n y e a r s b e f o r e that, so a diet including l o t s of f r u i t should e n s u r e g r e a t s u p p l e n e s s of t i s s u e s . I e v a c u a t e d m y s e l f to the c o u n t r y and took a j o b a s a g a r d e n e r , then a s a t y p i s t f o r a month. I gave up w o r k s i x w e e k s b e f o r e the b i r t h . M e a n w h i l e a n o t h e r s p e c i a l i s t had f o r e c a s t a C a e s a r i a n f o r m e .

At 11 pm one night I r e a l i s e d that the b a b y was on the way,. T h e D i s t r i c t N u r s e was a l e r t e d but said that she would c o m e n e x t day a s I would be at l e a s t t w e l v e h o u r s in l a b o u r . At 2. 30 I was s u r e that the baby would a r r i v e soon and c a l l e d the n u r s e a g a i n . T h i s t i m e she c a m e , d r e a d i n g to s e e what s o r t of infant I would p r o d u c e on that " a w f u l d i e t " . At 3 . 2 0 F r i e d e n s t e r n ( S t a r of P e a c e ) a r r i v e d s e v e n and a h a l f pounds! He was e n t i r e l y b r e a s t fed and weighed 15 l b s at t h r e e m o n t h s . T h e N u r s e now s a i d that s h e w i s h e d a l l h e r m o t h e r s w e r e on m y d i e t . F r i e d e n ' s f i r s t s o l i d food was an apple at e l e v e n m o n t h s . H i s m a i n s t a y f r o m then on was P i t m a n ' s Nut C r e a m m i x e d with a t r a c e of s o y a f l o u r and a t r a c e of brown s u g a r , c o o k e d v e g e t a b l e s , v i t a m i n A & D t a b l e t s , a l i t t l e nut m e a t , g r a t e d c a r r o t , brown b r e a d , K o s h e r m a r g a r i n e . T h e r e was f r e s h f r u i t f r o m the g a r d e n , but f o r e i g n fruits were s c a r e e l y obtainable, a little dried fruit at C h r i s t m a s and a few o r a n g e s . H e a l t h F o o d S t o r e s w e r e few and f a r b e t w e e n and a t r i p to one to s t o c k up was quite an e v e n t . V e g e t a r i a n s got e x t r a c h e e s e i n s t e a d of m e a t and b a c o n : we got nothing e x t r a . H o w e v e r we got a few nuts and r e l i e d on p e a s and b e a n s f r o m the g a r d e n and w h o l e m e a l b r e a d f o r p r o t e i n . When F r i e d e n was s i x m o n t h s m y s i s t e r ' s d o c t o r saw h i m and s a i d what a h e a l t h y c h i l d j he w a s . " . . . but I e x p e c t you get e x t r a m i l k , e g g s and V m e a t b e i n g in the c o u n t r y . " " I n d e e d I do n o t " , I r e p l i e d , i " H e h a s n e v e r had any of t h o s e t h i n g s . " H e could not then r e t r a c t h i s p r a i s e . L a t e r a n o t h e r d o c t o r was s u r p r i s e d b e c a u s e he could find nothing wrong with h i m . 19

A s a young s c h o o l b o y F r i e d e n took h i s s a n d w i c h e s s i m p l e b r o w n b r e a d and peanut b u t t e r , r a w c a r r o t and a p p l e , with h i m e a c h d a y . He e a r n e d the n i c k n a m e " p e a n u t s " . We had n e v e r h e a r d of B 1 2 in t h o s e d a y s . It was o u r c o n v i c t i o n s t h a t k e p t us h e a l t h y a l l t h r o u g h the w a r and a f t e r w a r d s . I h a d one o r two v e g e t a r i a n f r i e n d s in t h o s e d a y s but I had not c o m e a c r o s s a n y o t h e r v e g a n . Now F r i e d e n h a s two h e a l t h y c h i l d r e n of h i s own third generation Vegans. nPTTETTSTE T E L L Y O U R M . P . THE EXPORT OF F A R M ANIMALS F O R S L A U G H T E R - I M M E D I A T E OR A F T E R F A T T E N I N G - S H O U L D B E P R O H I B I T E D NOW BY LAW. It W i l l Not B e N e g o t i a b l e U n d e r T h e C o m m o n A g r i c u l t u r a l Policy And p l e a s e w r i t e on s i m i l a r l i n e s t o the R t . Hon. J a m e s P r i o r , M i n i s t e r of A g r i c u l t u r e , W h i t e h a l l P l a c e , L o n d o n , S . W. 1. S o a s to a v o i d a f o b b i n g - o f f r e p l y , it i s n e c e s s a r y to m e n t i o n : (a) O u r own w e l f a r e l a w s f o r l i v e e x p o r t s a r e not properly enforced. (b) The Balfour A s s u r a n c e s a r e u s e l e s s unless ade q u a t e l y p o l i c e d , and a n y w a y a p p l y only to a s m a l l p r o p o r t i o n of o u r e x p o r t e d l i v e s t o c k . (c) C o u n c i l of E u r o p e a n i m a l w e l f a r e a g r e e m e n t s ( a t p r e s e n t o n l y a ' p i e in the s k y 1 ) w i l l be e x t r e m e l y d i f f i c u l t to o p e r a t e e f f e c t i v e l y . P u b l i s h e d by c o - o p e r a t i o n with D a r t m o o r L i v e s t o c k Protection Society. INSECTS T h o s e of us who e n d e a v o u r to l i v e t h e h a r m l e s s l i f e , and m a y b e do l i v e it a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e , h a v e not a s y e t p r o b e d d e e p l y enough into the a c c i d e n t a l t a k i n g of l i f e of that s m a l l d e s p i s e d c r e a t u r e - the i n s e c t . I h a v e o f t e n r e c u e d a w o r m w r i t h i n g on the p a v e m e n t by p l a c i n g it on s o m e n e a r b y s o i l , so d u r i n g the hot s u m m e r , when l e a v i n g a bowl of w a t e r f o r the b i r d s , I h a v e a t t i m e s found in it a d r o w n i n g f l y , I h a v e c a r e f u l l y l i f t e d i t out t h a t it m a y soon fly away. A f t e r a l l , i t should be r e a l i s e d t h a t i n s e c t s a r e l i v i n g c r e a t u r e s who s u f f e r p a i n and m i s e r y . »„ • r-> r r 7 Marie Dreyfus. 20

HOW I BECAME A VEGAN by D o u g l a s

Summers

My wife and I w e r e c a m p i n g m i l e s f r o m a n y w h e r e l a t e s p r i n g 1 9 7 1 . My wife was s i x m o n t h s p r e g n a n t and v e r y m u c h c o n c e r n e d about the b e s t s o r t of food f o r e x p e c t a n t m o t h e r s , the b e s t s o r t of m i l k f o r human b a b i e s and r e l a t e d p r o b l e m s . We had been v e g e t a r i a n s f o r about two and a h a l f y e a r s by then: not b e c a u s e we did not l i k e m e a t o r f i s h but b e c a u s e we did not wish to have a n i m a l s k i l l e d f o r us to e a t when it was p o s s i b l e f o r us to be well fed on v e g e t a r i a n f a r e . I soon d i s c o v e r e d that m y w i f e ' s v e g e t a r i a n c o o k e r y was f a r m o r e t a s t y anyway. Our n e a r e s t n e i g h b o u r that p a r t i c u l a r c a m p i n g h o l i day was a cow. It was t u r n e d out into an a d j o i n i n g f i e l d one night. A s I l i s t e n e d to i t s l a n g u a g e a l l that night (and s o m e n i g h t s a f t e r a s well) m y mind went b a c k to m y childhood on m y f a t h e r ' s f a r m . He had 25 c o w s , 100 pigs and 300 o r m o r e c h i c k e n . F r o m t i m e to t i m e the c o w s would go " d r y " and in o r d e r to s t a r t t h e m l a c t a t i n g a g a i n t h e y would h a v e to have c a l v e s . In o r d e r that a s m u c h m i l k a s p o s s i b l e could be sold the c a l v e s would be taken away f r o m t h e i r m o t h e r s a s e a r l y a s p o s s i b l e and sold to b u t c h e r s f o r v e a l o r to o t h e r f a r m e r s for e v e n t u a l m i l k p r o d u c t i o n , s i r i n g or b e e f . At t h o s e t i m e s I would get up e a r l y in the m o r n i n g to s e e why the cow had b e e n m a k i n g that n o i s e a l l night long. I would find h e r c r y i n g , l i s t e n i n g and running and looking in e v e r y nook and c r a n n y for h e r l o s t baby . . . . c r y i n g listening. A f t e r a few days I would n o t i c e a change in the tone of i t s c r y i n g (I was v e r y m u s i c a l and a c u t e l y a w a r e of c h a n g e s of t o n e ) . T h e cow was s t i l l c r y i n g but it no l o n g e r e x p e c t e d to find i t s c a l f o r to find it a l i v e anyway; t h i s was the c r y of d e s p a i r . When I spoke to m y f a t h e r about the c r u e l t y of a l l t h i s , I w a s m a d e to f e e l that t h e s e things w e r e i n e v i t a b l e ; that I w a s being c h i l d i s h . . . , one day I would g r o w up'. I had b e e n away f r o m the c o u n t r y for m a n y y e a r s d u r i n g which t i m e if I thought of m i l k at a l l I would think of a m i l k b o t t l e on m y d o o r s t e p in London o r of a m i l k m a n ' s unpaid b i l l . The cow in the f i e l d n e x t to our c a m p c h a n g e d a l l t h a t . It f o r c e d m e to r e l a t e m i l k o n c e again 21

with a cow - with i t s c a l v e s .- with c r u e l t y and s u f f e r i n g with c r u e l t y and s u f f e r i n g and death c a u s e d by m y d e m a n d f o r m i l k , b u t t e r , c h e e s e and o t h e r p r o d u c t s . So I b e c a m e a vegan b e f o r e I had h e a r d of the Vegan S o c i e t y or r e a d i t s l i t e r a t u r e . My v e g a n i s m a r o s e not f r o m d o c t r i n e s n o r d o g m a s , but f r o m m y own e x p e r i e n c e . And vegan f o o d ? It i s not Only d e l i c i o u s , i t ' s f a r m o r e h e a l t h y and does not offend m y c o n s c i e n c e . No a n i m a l h a s to s u f f e r on m y a c c o u n t .

THE YOUNG VEGAN SECTION GETS AROUND The Young Vegan S e c t i o n i s going s t r o n g and i n c r e a s i n g i t s m e m b e r s h i p . T h e r e h a s been a good p r o g r a m m e of i n t e r e s t i n g and v a r i e d a c t i v i t i e s t h i s s u m m e r . May Meeting T h e Y . V . S . w e r e l a r g e l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the Vegan S t a l l at the M a y M e e t i n g of the V e g e t a r i a n S o c i e t y at Hastings this y e a r . A c o l o u r f u l d i s p l a y of p o s t e r s a t t r a c t e d m a n y to the s t a l l to r e a d the l e a f l e t s , to t a l k with t h e m and to buy literature. M a y 2?th T h i r t e e n Y . V . S . m e m b e r s attended the M i n i - C o n f e r e n c e at F r i n t o n - o n - S e a and c a m p e d f o r the weekend with the Young V e g e t a r i a n s at D o v e r c o u r t , ( s e e r e p o r t below) J u n e 4th At the invitation of the Y . V . S . David P h i l l i p s , who r u n s a v e g a n i c f r u i t and v e g e t a b l e growing b u s i n e s s in New South W a l e s gave an i n t e r e s t i n g , t a l k at M a r l o w e s H a l l . A f t e r w a r d s t h e y had a good c h a n c e to get to know e a c h o t h e r b e t t e r o v e r a much a p p r e c i a t e d m e a l . June

25th S o m e Y . V . S . m e m b e r s e n j o y e d the h o s p i t a l i t y of E v a B a t t , C h a i r m a n of the Vegan Council, at h e r h o m e in E n f i e l d . J a c k S a n d e r s o n told t h e m about the e a r l y days of the Vegan S o c i e t y when he was a young m e m b e r . T h e y w e r e m a d e m u c h a w a r e of the good work that had been s t a r t e d and that it was t h e i r j o b to c a r r y on. July

23rd Young V e g a n s m e t at C h a r i n g C r o s s p i e r and went for 22

a boat t r i p to G r e e n w i c h . A f t e r w a r d s they g a t h e r e d a t V e d a and K a r l F a r r e l l ' s to l i s t e n to R o g e r S a v a g e t a l k about Hunzana F o o d s and show t h e m s a m p l e s of s p e c i a l c o f f e e , f r u i t and s w e e t s . August 19th - 20th F o u r t e e n Young V e g a n s spent the weekend at the h o m e of K a t h l e e n J a n n a w a y the S e c r e t a r y of the Vegan S o c i e t y . A f t e r badminton and r e l a x a t i o n and talk in the g a r d e n to get to know e a c h o t h e r , they had a d e l i c i o u s m e a l and then s e t t l e d down to the d i s c u s s i o n of m a n y m a t t e r s r e l a t i v e to v e g a n i s m . On Sunday m o r n i n g s o m e went to a Q u a k e r M e e t ing and s o m e f o r a r a m b l e . A f t e r p i c n i c lunch a l l t o g e t h e r on B o x Hill they walked through the woods b a c k to the S e c r e t a r y ' s g a r d e n f o r t e a and m o r e e x c h a n g e of i d e a s . At the t i m e of going to p r e s s they a r e planning a weekend c o n f e r e n c e on V e g a n i s m and the W o r l d S i t u a t i o n . NATURAL

HYGIENE by K a r l

Farrell

At the end of M a y the Young Vegan S e c t i o n v i s i t e d S h a l i m a r at F r i n t o n - o n - s e a , the h o m e of M r . K. R . Sidhwa N. D. D. O. of the B r i t i s h N a t u r a l Hygiene S o c i e t y . We wanted to find out about N a t u r a l Hygiene so we spent a day e n j o y i n g h y g i e n i c food and l i s t e n i n g . D r . A s h f o r d , who w o r k s in a public h o s p i t a l and i s a v e g e t a r i a n and a h y g i e n i s t s y m p a t h i s e r e x p l a i n e d b r i e f l y the d i f f e r e n t n u t r i t i o n a l e l e m e n t s in foods and the c a u s e s and p r e v e n t i o n of v a r i o u s d i s e a s e s . M r s . B . L y t o n spoke of the i m p o r t a n c e of m e n t a l b a l a n c e and c a l m in the m a i n t e n a n c e of h e a l t h . H e r t a l k w a s - a good e x a m p l e of it. M r . Sidhwa s a i d that good h e a l t h i s p r o m o t e d by e a t i n g whole f r e s h 'foods without the a d d i t ion of c o n d i m e n t s and s w e e t e n e r s and by taking p l e n t y of bodily e x e r c i s e . He then went on to e x p l a i n the N a t u r a l H y g i e n e t h e o r i e s of food c o m b i n i n g . D i f f e r e n t foods c o n t a i n d i f f e r e n t p r o p o r t i o n s of p r o t e i n , c a r b o h y d r a t e s and f a t s . F o r e x a m p l e we should avoid e a t i n g food with a high s t a r c h content such a s b r e a d and p o t a t o e s at the s a m e m e a l a s c o n c e n t r a t e d p r o t e i n foods such a s n u t s . S i m i l a r l y m o s t f r u i t s do not c o m b i n e well with s t a r c h y f o o d s . The m o r e s i m p l e the m e a l the b e t t e r it c a n be d i g e s t e d . H y g i e n i s t s do not u s e d r u g s and m e d i c a t i o n . T h e i r 23

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PLANTMILK LTDl PLAMIL HOUSE, BOWLES WELL GARDENS, DOVER ROAD. FOLKESTONE. KENT.

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philosophy i s that the body will e f f e c t the b e s t c u r e if the diet i s p r o p e r l y r e g u l a t e d . If n e c e s s a r y a p a r t i a l or t o t a l f a s t i s r e c o m m e n d e d . T h i s e n a b l e s the body to e l i m i n a t e the r e s i d u e s that have built up and to s e t i t s h o u s e in o r d e r . T h e r e was plenty of t i m e f o r good d i s c u s s i o n and for an i n t e r e s t i n g d e m o n s t r a t i o n by M r . Sidhwa of Yoga e x e r c i s e s . WHAT WE M U S T DO ( f r o m a c o n t r i b u t i o n by M i c h a e l Mott) B e c a u s e we v e g a n s h a v e v e r y a c t i v e c o n s c i e n c e s and a deep r e s p e c t for L i f e we tend to f e e l that we c a r r y m o r e than our f a i r s h a r e of i t s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . T h i s i s not to s a y that we should not a c c e p t the burden; e v e r y r a d i c a l a d v a n c e h a s i t s p i o n e e r s who work f o r i t s c a u s e . We must not w o r r y about being d i f f e r e n t f r o m the m a j o r ity but m u s t stand f i r m l y by our p r i n c i p l e s . Although it i s g e n e r a l l y vegan n a t u r e to be p a s s i v e , we m u s t be p r e p a r e d to go to the e x t r e m e s of our c a p a b i l i t i e s to r e l i e v e the a n i m a l s f r o m i n c r e a s i n g l y c r u e l e x p l o i t a t i o n and the human r a c e f r o m i n c r e a s i n g d e c a d e n c e . J u s t being vegan o u r s e l v e s i s the v e r y l e a s t we can do. We m u s t l c e e p faith with t h o s e who l i k e P l a t o and H i p p o c r a t e s p i o n e e r e d our c a u s e . In o r d e r to help bring about the n e c e s s a r y change we m u s t u s e a l l our t a l e n t s in education and vegan a c t i o n . If you think you c a n be of the s l i g h t e s t a s s i s t a n c e to the Y. V. S. c o n t a c t the C o m m i t t e e who will be p l e a s e d to c o - o p e r a t e with you. At the v e r y l e a s t support your S o c i e t y by attending i t s f u n c t i o n s w h e n e v e r p o s s i b l e so that we can e x c h a n g e e x p e r i e n c e s and i d e a s and plan the b e s t way to extend our i n f l u e n c e . A.G.M.

Y.V.S.

N o t i c e i s ' h e r e given that the F i r s t Annual G e n e r a l M e e t i n g of the Young Vegan S e c t i o n of the Vegan S o c i e t y will be held at 2. 30pm on the 11th N o v e m b e r at 8 , B a s t e r . f i e l d H o u s e , Golden L a n e , London, E . C. 1. A l l R e s o l u t i o n s to be c o n s i d e r e d at this m e e t i n g m u s t be r e c e i v e d by the Y . V . S . S e c r e t a r y , Veda F a r r e l l , at the a b o v e a d d r e s s at l e a s t t h i r t y days b e f o r e the M e e t i n g and a l l n o m i n a t i o n s f o r the C o m m i t t e e m u s t be r e c e i v e d by h e r not l e s s than twenty one days b e f o r e the A. G. M. . T h e s e p e r i o d s to apply on this o c c a s i o n only. Additional a c t i v i t i e s a r e being a r r a n g e d for the w e e k end. The E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e look f o r w a r d to s e e i n g m e m b e r e including t h o s e new o n e s t h e y have not yet m e t . 24

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by F r i e n d s of the E a r t h o b t a i n a b l e f r o m t h e m a t 9 , P o l a n d S t . , L o n d o n , W1V

3DG

T h e l a r g e s t i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e e v e r held with o v e r t w e l v e hundred d e l e g a t e s , r e p r e s e n t i n g one hundred and f o u r t e e n c o u n t r i e s m e t in J u n e 1972 to c o n s i d e r the g r e a t e s t challenge mankind has ever faced. They met a s a r e s u l t of the growing a g r e e m e n t a m o n g s c i e n t i s t s and o t h e r a w a r e people that u n l e s s a c t i o n i s t a k e n to c h e c k m a n ' s a c t i v i t i e s , the e a r t h with i t s not i n e x h a u s t i b l e r e s o u r c e s and with i t s d e l i c a t e l y b a l a n c e d l i f e - s y s t e m s will b e c o m e unable to s u s t a i n h i m . T h e obvious p o s i t i v e r e s u l t s of the c o n f e r e n c e w e r e m i n i m a l . H o w e v e r individually c o n c e r n e d and e n l i g h t e n e d the d e l e g a t e s m a y h a v e b e e n , t h e y w e r e i n h i b i t e d by the s h o r t s i g h t e d n a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t s that t h e y r e p r e s e n t e d . R e a l p r o g r e s s cannot be hoped f o r until public opinion the world o v e r is s u f f i c i e n t l y s t r o n g to m a k e c o n s i d e r a t i o n s that a f f e c t L i f e a s a whole, p a r a m o u n t . T h a t public opinion m u s t be well i n f o r m e d and b a s e d on the e t h i c of R e v e r e n c e f o r L i f e . T h e l i t t l e book "Only One E a r t h " g i v e s in a c l e a r and r e a d a b l e f o r m much of the m a t e r i a l that i s n e e d e d to e n a b l e the o r d i n a r y p e r s o n to play his p a r t in c r e a t i n g that v i t a l w o r l d opinion. V e g a n s will be p l e a s e d with the p a g e s on the food p r o b l e m which, with the u s e f u l c o n c e p t of " s h o r t e n i n g the food c h a i n " , m a k e it c l e a r that if man i s to f e e d the g r o w ing m i l l i o n s without d e v a s t a t i n g the e a r t h , he m u s t stop h i s w a s t e f u l h a b i t of p a s s i n g h i s food through a n i m a l s f i r s t . P l e a s e buy t h i s book, p a s s it a r o u n d , e n c o u r a g e your f r i e n d s to buy it. You will be doing y o u r bit to e n s u r e that the n e x t C o n f e r e n c e on the E n v i r o n m e n t is s u c c e s s f u l . You will a l s o be helping " F r i e n d s of the E a r t h " , an o r g a n i s a t i o n w o r t h y of y o u r s u p p o r t . (N. B . Do not c o n f u s e t h i s book with one of the s a m e t i t l e by B a r b a r a W a r d and R e n i e D u b o i s ) Kathleen Jannaway. W H E R E DO W E D R A W T H E L I N E - OR DO W E ? " I t r a i n e d h a r d today and of c o u r s e t h e r e w e r e w o r m s e v e r y w h e r e ! S t i l l , s o m e o n e ' s got to l o o k a f t e r t h e m - " ( F r o m a r e c e n t l e t t e r to the S e c r e a t r y ) YOU'RE RELIGIOUS? DINNER THEN?

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T h e m o v e to the new f a c t o r y h a s now been accompil i s h e d and p r o d u c t i o n i s o n c e m o r e in full swing. It was r e g r e t t a b l e that b e c a u s e of the t i m e o c c u p i e d in the d i s m a n t l i n g of the plant and m a c h i n e r y and the r e - a s s e m b l y at F o l k e s t o n e , P l a m i l and o t h e r l i n e s w e r e u n a v a i l a b l e f o r a few w e e k s during the s u m m e r . T h e y a r e in the shops a g a i n , now and y o u r s u p p l i e r should have no f u r t h e r d i f f i c u l t y in getting t h e m . P l a m i l c h o c o l a t e i s a l s o a v a i l a b l e . It i s r e g r e t t e d h o w e v e r , that the p r o p o s e d " P l a m i l R a y n u t s " ( c h o c o l a t e c o a t e d p e a - n u t s and r a i s i n s ) and the " P l a m i l Delytes"

will not be a v a i l a b l e

because

of difficulty in

sec-

u r i n g a supply of g e l a t i n e f r e e f i l m b a g s . It was a p l e a s u r e to w e l c o m e to our new f a c t o r y on S e p t e m b e r 13th. a p a r t y of young v e g e t a r i a n s f r o m the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Young V e g e t a r i a n Holiday C e n t r e at n e a r b y Hythe. It was a s p e c i a l j o y to h e a r that two of t h e m had b e c o m e v e g a n while s t a y i n g at Hythe. A r t h u r L i n g , S e c r e t a r y of P l a n t m i l k L t d . , and h i s t h r e e vegan c h i l d r e n had the additional p l e a s u r e of linking up with the p a r t y a f t e r w a r d s and e n j o y i n g the v e g a n f a r e that t h e y s p e c i a l l y provided.

N o t i c i n g m y s a l a d m y n e i g h b o u r r e m a r k e d that s h e had h e a r d of a group c a l l e d V e g a n s . " T l i e y c a n ' t have m u c h j o y in ! „life : I" I invited h e r to c o m e to our R e t i r e m e n t H o m e , in the v e r y town w h e r e we w e r e b a n q u e t i n g . T h e r e she would s e e that h a l f the r e s i d e n t s w e r e v e g a n , a l l o v e r 8 5 , a l l e n j o y i n g d e l i c i o u s m e a l s and a l l l e a d i n g a c t i v e and i n t e r e s t i n g l i v e s . T h e H o m e l o o k s out a c r o s s a wide v a l l e y to d i s t a n t P e n n i n e s l o p e s and h a s a g a r d e n which f l o u r i s h e s with c o m p o s t e d v e g e t a b l e s and f l o w e r s . T h i s H o m e was e s t a b l i s h e d in 1969 a f t e r h a r d y e a r s of f u n d - r a i s i n g by m e m b e r s of the Y o r k s h i r e V e g e t a r i a n F e d e r a t i o n and f r i e n d s in a l l p a r t s of the c o u n t r y . It is s m a l l , a r e a l ' h o m e 1 , with at p r e s e n t s i x r o o m s f o r r e s i d e n t s . A r e c e n t l e t t e r f r o m a v i s i t o r s a y s " I did not b e l i e v e I would find a n y w h e r e with the c o m f o r t and c a r e , f r e e d o m and i n d e p e n d a n c e , which C r a g s i d e o f f e r s ! A l a s , we have had to s a y that we cannot a t p r e s e n t a c c o m o d a t e t h i s l a d y ' s e l d e r l y m o t h e r , n o r s e v e r a l o t h e r a p p l i c a n t s who d e s p e r a t e l y n e e d c a r e in c o n g e n i a l v e g e t a r i a n s u r r o u n d i n g s . — —• Hilda Nixon. 26

T-f EXAMPLE OF A VEGAN DIET - designed to fit in with a busy professional life and with family and friends committed to a conventional dietary pattern. Could be simpler without such commitments.

ON RISING

Lemon tea or fruit drink.

BREAKFAST

Muesli made from Brown's muesli base, Plamil, dried and fresh fruits.

LUNCH

Sandwiches — wholemeal bread, Tomor margarine, homemade nut spreads, soya cheese, peanut butter, remains of main meal protein dish. Barmene for B12. Oat cake or fruit cake. Salad. Raw fruit.

DINNER

Savoury high protein dish of nuts, pulses or soya. Potatoes, preferably baked or boiled in their skins. Raw or cooked vegetables. Fruit dishes raw or cooked, with Granogen or Plamil.

DRINKS

Fruit juices, lemon tea, tea, coffee, cocoa with Plamil.

Estimated cost £2. — £3 weekly according to cost of fruit and vegetables which should be home-grown as far as possible. There are many variations on this diet. Some vegans have a more costly diet with more proprietary brands of foods; some live very much more simply and cheaply; some conform to various schools of Nature Cure. It is usually advised that Plamil or Granogen and Barmene are included in the diet as they contain vitamin B12 (added from non-animal sources). It is important to have a variety of cereals, fruits, nuts and vegetables. It is recommended that a good proportion of fruits and salads be taken raw. It will be found that a taste for raw food grows as the vegan way of life becomes a habit. It is up to individual vegans to find a diet that suits their health, pocket and social commitments. It is important not to worry about what we eat, or put other people off veganism by "fussing".

RECIPES MAINLY FOR BEGINNERS 1. BREAKFAST MUESLI should be made immediately before serving. Nuts should not be stirred into the mixture but sprinkled on top just before serving. Remember that almonds have the highest protein content and that hazel nuts blend best with fruit. If you dislike the skins they can be easily rubbed off the latter if nuts are slightly roasted first. To i'cmove almond skins, cover with boiling water for a few minutes and, removing a few at a time, skin while still wet. FOR MUSELI Apples should be quickly and coarsely grated and stirred into the Muesli cereals straight away to prevent discolouration. Flavour variety can be gained by the addition of freshly grated orange or lemon peel (well wash fruit in hot water first) or rosehip or blackcurrant syrup. The good cook supplies continuous variety, even with breakfast Muesli. Apricots are an excellent food. If rather dry they can be soaked for a few hours with a little lemon rind.

2. APPLE MUESLI 1 level tbsp 1 1 2 1 1

level tbsp level tbsp level tsps large of 2 level tbsp

Brown's Muesli Base for each person (can be pre-soaked if required less crunchy) almond or cashew cream diluted in 3 tbsp of water lemon juice barbados sugar (or 1 tsp Dietade Fruit sugar if for diabetic) small apples chopped nuts.

Wash and dry apples. Put nut cream into bowl and add water slowly while stirring. When emulsified, add cereals. Add lemon juice and brown sugar, stir. Roughly grate apples and add, stirring in immediately. Sprinkle on nuts and serve.

1. MUESLI WITH DRIED FRUIT 1 level tbsp 1 level tbsp 2 level tspns 2 ozs

Muesli base lemon juice brown sugar (or 1 tsp. Fructose) dried fruits which have been previously washed and soaked overnight. (Apricots, prunes, apple rings, raisins etc.). A little grated orange or lemon peel (optional).

Chop, liquidize or mince soaked fruit. Add peel.

4. BASIC NUTMEAT MIXTURE 4 ozs milled mixed nuts 1 medium onion 1 oz Brown's Muesli base 1 level dstspn soya flour 1 dstsp vegetable oil % pint vegetable stock % tspn mixed herbs or to taste Vz level tspn Barmene Chop onion finely but do not cook. Mix all ingredients together with the vegetable stock to stiffish consistency. Put into greased basin and cover with greaseproof paper. Steam for 1% hours or Bake in an ovenproof dish for 30 minutes at 350째F. VA Ft IA TION OF BASIC RECIPE Add Mushrooms, or Tomatoes, or fill with Chestnut stuffing. This mixture may also be used to stuff marrows, aubergines, green peppers, tomatoes, etc.

UNFIRED NUTMEAT Mix one teaspoonful agar-agar with % pint water or vegetable stock. Bring to the boil, simmer for a few minutes add Barmene and stir quickly into the above mixture replacing soya with 1 oz bread crumbs. Leave to set for half an hour in cool place or refrigerator. Serve with salad and baked potatoes.

SHOPPING WITH EVA ANSWERS TO READERS ENQUIRIES ON COMMODITIES

Biofoods tinned Curries are vegan and further vegan products f r o m this manufacturer are expected.

Fresh Fields Margarine, at present only available in the North West, are not vegan. Fresh Fields Super Soft contains skimmed milk. Fresh Fields Extra Special contains skimmed milk and sometimes 'marine oils'. Fresh Fields for Cooking and Baking contains animal fats.

Rich's Non-Dairy Creamer, at present only available to caterers, contains sodium caseinate and would therefore not be acceptable to vegans. However the manufacturers are considering, at a much later date, supplying this product t o retailers when, they say, the sodium caseinate will be replaced. We shall keep in touch.

"Non-Dairy". Recently, concerned to learn that some vegans are innocently using foods so labelled, we wrote again to Cadbury Schweppes Foods Ltd., asking why their product'Compliment', which contains sodium caseinate, is still being described as 'Non-Dairy'. This was their reply. "Although the word " d a i r y " is not defined f r o m the point of view of food labelling, it is usually construed as implying the presence of milk, eggs, butter, cheese etc., in relatively unchanged forms, i.e. products usually made in, or dealt with, by a dairy. Ingredients, such as sodium caseinate,.which are derived f r o m milk are not normally associated w i t h dairies so that because of this, and also to avoid conveying the impression that the product contains whole milk or whole milk solids, foodstuffs such as Compliment are often described as being 'Non-dairy'."

By the way, tell your near-vegan friends that Compliment is not even lacto-veg., it contains an emulsifier of animal origin.

From the many letters we get asking about household detergents and pollution we know that there is widespread concern. To save some time and postage â&#x20AC;&#x201D; yours and ours â&#x20AC;&#x201D; here is part of a recent letter from Lever Bros. Ltd. " B o t h this Company and our competitors have marketed only 'soft' (biodegradable) detergents since 1965. This was a step taken voluntarily by the industry and only last year this change to 'soft' formulations was described in the House of Lords as a 'remarkable example of willing co-operation by the industry'. We do assure you that all Lever brands in the shops are biodegradable."

Copella natural undiluted apple juice is excellent - and vegan. Animal clarifiers such as gelatine or isinglas are not used.

CORRECTIONS TO SHOPPER'S GUIDE Not Vegan -

Healthibrek Page 11 Huntley & Palmers Neapolitan Wafers

Page 7

COATS We have recently learned that the makers of ASTR A K A coats are discontinuing the use of leather and animal (second-hand) fur for collars, belts and other trims on their simulated fur coats. In consequence the "Beauty Without Cruelty" label of approval can now be sewn into ail Astraka coats. Of course we know that all the garments sold and recommended by B.W.C., have always been free of such animal 'extras'.

FOOTWEAR NEWS A Glimmer of Light If our manufacturers wish to export to Germany in future they may be compelled to mark all footwear to show the composition of the material used. Otherwise, warns the Dept. of Trade and Industry, they will find difficulty in obtaining orders as German footwear manufacturers have agreed that all boots and shoes sold in that country should be so marked.

NORVIC The Autumn catalogue of Norvic shoes for ladies has arrived, containing no less than 46 styles in man-made leathers and one fashion boot. We wish we could spare the space to list and illustrate them all for you! Most of these 46 shoe styles are also made in leather so one still has to shop with care, but there are 15 models which are made only in simulated leathers. These include, in the Norvic 'Wonder Girl' range: SARITA, CAROLINA, NOREEN, ISADORA, MARIE, RITA, ALACIA, ROSA and PRISCILLA. In the Norvic 'Topflite' range, MARGUERITE is a sandal type shoe with 2%" heel and sling back. It is made in Black Patent Vinyl or Noressa — only. The other styles in this range all have a leather 'twin' so shop carefully. They are: GENEVA, INNSBRUCK, PRAGUE, ESTORIA, ERINUS, BORDEAUX, BRACKEN, ODESSA, TRIESTE. STRASBOURG, CHANTILLY and HAMLIN. All of these, other than the leather ones of course, have uppers of Clarino poromeric material and foamed nylon lining. There is one court shoe (2" heel) in the 'Bijou' range which is not also made in leather and this is ESTELLA with uppers of Patella in various colours. There is nothing suitable for vegetarians in the 'Strada' or 'Zodiac' ranges but in the 'Alfresco' group WEIR would be one to recommend. Not only does it not have a leather twin to confuse shoppers, but it does have a very smart appearance, B plus fitting, 11" stacked heel, foamed nylon .lining and it comes in Softy Calf Clarino in various colours. No. 1 - 5682. Those who need E fitting shoes should find EIDER comfortable. It has a stacked heel, and comes in sizes 2 — 8, and can be bought in dark brown Softy Calf Clarino, again with foamed nylon lining. The part number is 5650 H. The 'H' is important, other letters after 5650 denote that the shoe has a leather upper. This shoe is also in the 'Alfresco' range. Another in this group with 1|" heel and one-hole tie is THURNE. This shoe has a C+ fitting and has uppers of Softy Calf Clarino. The Number is 1 - 5660 with a following letter which merely denotes the colour. However beware of 1 — 5660P as this one has a leather upper. CHAFFINCH is a court style similar to EIDER but with B+ fitting. No. 1 - 5662H. MEDWAY is similar to WEIR but has a lower heel.

TRENT can also be recommended for style and comfort. 1g" heel, decorative tongue and strap,.E fitting. In dark brown Softy Calf Clarino only. All the other colours are leather. Number 1 - 5668H. Also NENE. For the even broader foot there is MAYTON in the 'Celebrity' range. E E fitting, heel. A fancy court in dark brown Softy Calf Clarino. Also made in leather. The number to ask for is 1 — 1054H. We underline the 'H' to remind you always to remember it. Actually it denotes the colour, but when a style is made in a choice of leather or Softy Calf Clarino, the latter is invariably dark brown, hence the 'H'. The non-leather boot is LARCHINA, C fitting, I 3 " heel, in black or white stretchy Polyurethane 8266 or black or brown simulated suede — 8267, 15" leg. Almost all the above come in sizes 3 - 8. Ladies requiring size 2 should look for GENEVA, PRAGUE, BRACKEN, TRIESTE, LISBON, ROMA, MARIE, RITA, AUDREY, ANNABEL, ESTELLA, BRENDA, JANE, EIDER, CHAFFINCH. TRENT, LANGMERE, GAYFORD, GAYWOOD, WICKAM, WRETTON, WHITWELL, INGHAM or GLEMSFORD. We now have news of a Norvic shoe for girls which contains no leather. It is in the EARLY BIRDS range and the name is MAXINE. It comes in Black, Brown, Blue or Red Wetlook, has three instep straps and buckles and is available in sizes 11 — 1^" and 2 - 3 .

LOWER PRICED SHOES FROM MARKS AND WOOLWORTHS Among the lower priced, comfortable 'vegetarian' shoes are currently some excellent foam-backed vinyl ones from Marks and Spencer. A particularly good one for the elderly or those with difficult feet is St. Michael No. 37. Other numbers on the instep are T02/IN68/1104 but we do not yet know if these are significant. It is in tan with a seamless monk style front, tongue, Wide strap and buckle. Sturdy non-slip sole, f " heel and it sells for £1.40. No stiffeners anywhere. Very broad, roomy fitting. Most branches of Woolworths also have a very good 2-hole tie moccasin-type apron shoe in vinyl with stout non-slip sole and very roomy fitting (fine for bunions). Only in white at the moment, other colours may follow. No. 23036/3079. £1.25

DUNLOP With the approach of the colder weather we shall be thinking about warm boots and, most of all, completely waterproof ones. Many of us will rely on the gay, colourful SPLASHABOUTS made by Dunlop for this. The only trouble with 100% waterproof boots may be moisture condensation, so remember to get a DRI-PAC when buying the boots. This consists of 2 fabric bags of absorbent material which should be left> one in each boot, overnight. When not 'on duty' just keep your Dri-Pac in a warm, dry place.

Also from Dunlop, an excellent Golf Shoe for men. The MAX-DRI is also 100% waterproof, has a foam-backed insole and replaceable steel studs. In dark brown - 6225 or black with white Kiltie tongue to cover fastening - 6226. This particular shoe is only made in non-leather materials. The current range of Dunlop 'LOVERS' - all, except 'Lamont* which has a suede vamp, are vegan - includes many colourful and attractive ladies shoes. All 16 styles (size 3 — 8) are soft, comfortable and have very low heels. Unfortunately they are not as widely distributed as we would like but a line to Mrs. P. Hodgson, Dunlop Footwear Ltd., Walton, Liverpool L 9 1 D H w i l l bring the address of your nearest stockist, and a visit to the store will be well worth while. (I am going to the Cyril Savage Shop at 2 Windmill Lane, Cheshunt, Herts as soon as I possibly can).

' K ' SHOES The rather attractive CEELANA is being used now for some models by the makers of ' K ' shoes. This Company's method of marking non-leather shoes for identification by the consumer is, in their words, as follows:— " K A Y L I N — This is any poromeric non leather upper material of the Corfam type that has been found to satisfy our own severe tests and standards. KAYTONE — Is our trade name for our other non leather upper materials and includes CEELANA. Again the trade name is only applied to materials that have satisfactorily passed our standards". These names: K A Y L I N and KAYTONE appear on the shoe box label. K SHOPHOUNDS are now made entirely from non leather upper materials, a piece of good news which will make for easier shopping as these are widely distributed.

CLARKS A similar method of identification is used by the makers of Clarks shoes. This Company is also using, among others, the CEELANA upper material which appears under the group name of TORLON in this case. The current Clarks catalogue shows six styles of non leather shoes for ladies: M A N Y A, BETHEA II, ANGELICA, SAMMI II, SIDONIE, TAMESIN, and two evening shoes: MYSTIQUE and L I Z II, but there are also thirteen other styles which are available in ither simulated or animal leather.

For girls Clarks have four models which have uppers of TORLON - as well as those in leather. These are: ANY A (sizes and 1k sizes 9 - 3 ) , VENISE (11 - 51/2), PIPPA B ( 9 - 3 ) and ZORINA ( 2 - 8 ) . Simulated leather shoes for boys in this book are in sizes 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 8 only. Again all the models are also available in leather, so care must be exercised. They are: ARAMIS, ATHOS, PORTHOS, COR BIN A and ZORINA. At the time of writing we do not have assurances regarding the linings of any of these shoes, so this should be checked at the time of purchase. FROM AMERICA Another new poromeric simulated leather for shoe uppers is on the way. It is made in America and will be called CORUE. It is too early yet to know whether it will be widely used but we shall be watching for its appearance. EUROPEAN FOOTWEAR DISTRIBUTORS Derriboots are manufactured by a special process and the upper materials are completely man-made. The lining is simulated fur.

Hotels and Guest Houses SUSSEX - E A S T B O U R N E . Vegetarian s e l f - c a t e r i n g Guest H o u s e . W e l l equipped and a p p o i n t e d . E v e r y c o m f o r t and c o n v e n i e n c e . P l e a s a n t l y s i t u a t e d o u t s k i r t s of t o w n . E a s y a c c e s s shops and s e a f r o n t . P a r k i n g s p a c e . M a r g a r e t F i s h e r , Edgehill, Mill Road. Telephone: 30627 Y O R K S H I R E - C R A I G END L O D G E . C o w p a s t u r e R o a d , Ilkley, f o r e x c e l l e n t c a t e r i n g , c o m f o r t , r e l a x a t i o n , and e n e r g e t i c holidays. M r s . Enid Hunter. Telephone: 4876 P E R T H S H I R E - B R O O K LINN, C a l l a n d e r . V e g e t a r i a n and Vegan m e a l s c a r e f u l l y p r e p a r e d and a t t r a c t i v e l y s e r v e d . C o m f o r t a b l e G u e s t H o u s e . N e a r T r o s s a c h s and W e s t e r n Highlands. M r s . M u r i e l Choffin. T e l e p h o n e : C a l l a n d e r 3 0 1 0 3 ( S T D 0 8 7 7 ) . AC COMMODA TION D U B R O V N I K - Y U G O S L A V I A . New V e g a n o f f e r s a c c o m m o d a t i o n in old c o t t a g e . S e l f contained pavilion ( f u r n i s h e d ) a l s o a v a i l a b l e . 100 - 200 D i n a r s d a i l y . Guest willing to help with c h o r e s r e duced r a t e s . B o x 101 Vegan O f f i c e , B e l c h a l w e l l , B l a n d f o r d , D o r s e t YOUTH S E C T I O N - V E G E T A R I A N S O C I E T Y . An o r g a n i s a t i o n for people 1 2 - 2 9 . S o c i a l gatherings, holidays, activities p r o m o t ing the v e g e t a r i a n c a u s e . F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m Youth S e c t ion S e c r e t a r y , c/o T h e V e g e t a r i a n S o c i e t y (UK) L t d . , 5 3 , M a r l o e s R o a d , London, W. 8. 36

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT HONEY?

S o m e people f e e l s t r o n g l y that the eating of honeyshould not be a b a r to full m e m b e r s h i p . O t h e r s f e e l s t r o n g l y that it should. T h i s could well be a m a t t e r that should be d e c i d e d on the b a s i s that while unity m u s t be sought on f u n d a m e n t a l p r i n c i p l e s , f r e e d o m m u s t be a l l o w ed f o r i n t e r p r e t a t i o n in a c t i o n a c c o r d i n g to individual c o n s c i e n c e . T h e f u n d a m e n t a l p r i n c i p l e on which the V e g a n S o c i e t y i s b a s e d i s that it i s wrong f o r m a n to e x p l o i t h i s f e l l o w c r e a t u r e s . D o e s the eating of honey involve such exploitation? i F i r s t l e t us c o n s i d e r what honey i s and how it i s m a d e , f o r i n a c c u r a t e s t a e m e n t s b r i n g d i s c r e d i t to the Society. Honey i s m a d e by b e e s f r o m the n e c t a r which i s s e c r e t e d by m a n y f l o w e r s to a t t r a c t b e e s and o t h e r i n sects. In the p r o c e s s of c o l l e c t i n g the n e c t a r , the b e e s a l s o t r a n s f e r pollen f r o m one f l o w e r to a n o t h e r , b r i n g i n g about c r o s s p o l l i n a t i o n and the production of b e t t e r s e e d s . T h u s n e c t a r i s one of the two s u b s t a n c e s whose s o l e f u n c t ion i s to f e e d a n o t h e r s p e c i e s - but not the human s p e c i e s T h e f u n c t i o n of f r u i t i s s i m i l a r a s it a t t r a c t s b i r d s and m a m m a l s to g a t h e r and eat it and thus d i s t r i b u t e i t s seeds o v e r a w i d e r a r e a w h e r e t h e y will h a v e m o r e ' r o o m to g r o T h i s function i s f r u s t r a t e d if the s e e d s a r e d e s t r o y e d a s with g r a i n s and n u t s , p u l s e s and m a n y o t h e r f r u i t s e a t e n by h u m a n s . The n e c t a r

s u c k e d up by t h e b e e ' s

tongue

and

p a s s e d into a s p e c i a l honey s a c . . H e r e t r a c e s of c h e m i c a l s s e c r e t e d by the b e e ' s body a r e added to m a k e it a m o r e s u i t a b l e food f o r d i g e s t i o n by the b e e and b e e l a r v a e and to e n a b l e it to be s t o r e d s a t i s f a c t o r i l y f o r the w i n t e r . At the hind end of the s a c i s a o n e - w a y v a l v e c o m m u n i c a t i n g with the b e e ' s s t o m a c h . T h r o u g h t h i s v a l v e the b e e m a y l e t a l i t t l e of the n e c t a r p a s s f o r i t s own n o u r i s h m e n t but in no c i r c u m s t a n c e s c a n the s t o m a c h c o n t e n t s p a s s b a c k into the n e c t a r s a c . So t h e r e i s nothing in the p r o d u c t i o n of honey c o m p a r a b l e with the v e r t e b r a t e action of v o m i t i n g by which h a r m f u l m a t e r i a l which t h e s t o m a c h d i s c r i m i n a t e s against is ejected. When the b e e g e t s g e t s b a c k to the h i v e the n e c t a r i s e j e c t e d f r o m the s a c and s p r e a d o v e r the w a l l s of the c e l l s w h e r e it i s e v a p o r a t e d by the h e a t of the hive and the fanning of the b e e s w i n g s . Thus n e c t a r which h a s a high '37

water

c o n t e n t i s c h a n g e d into h o n e y .

T h e e a t i n g of h o n e y i s o b j e c t e d to on t h r e e

groundsr-

(1) It i s not f i t food f o r h u m a n s , only f o r b e e s . A n a l y s e r s s a y t h a t t h e y c a n find l i t t l e in it e x c e p t s u g a r , but the m i n ute t r a c e s of o t h e r e l e m e n t s t h e y a d m i t to m a y h a v e p o w e r b e y o n d h u m a n k n o w l e d g e . G r e a t c l a i m s a r e m a d e by s o m e f o r i t s b e n e f i c i a l q u a l i t i e s and o t h e r s a c c u s e it of doing a l l s o r t s of h a r m . T h e r e a r e c e r t a i n l y m a n y who l i v e to a h e a l t h y old a g e in s p i t e of e a t i n g q u a n t i t i e s of it ( o r b e c a u s e of s o d o i n g ? ) . T h e c a s e i s not p r o v e n e i t h e r way and m u s t be l e f t to p e r s o n a l e x p e r i m e n t (2) It i s p r o d u c e d by a n i m a l s and c o n t a i n s s e c r e t i o n s f r o m t h e i r b o d i e s . T h e r e f o r e v e g a n s who c l a i m to l i v e e x c l u s i v e l y on t h e p r o d u c t s of the p l a n t k i n g d o m c a n n o t e a t i t . I n e v i t a b l y m u c h that we e a t p a s s e s t h r o u g h a n i m a l s and c o n t a i n s e l e m e n t s t h a t o n c e c o m p o s e d p a r t s of t h e i r b o d i e s e . g. f o o d p r o d u c e d by o r g a n i c m a n u r e s , w a t e r that i s r e c y c l e d by town s y s t e m s a n a t h u s c o n s t a n t l y p a s s e s t h r o u g h the b o d i e s of a n i m a l s and m e n . M o s t of u s h a v e no c h o i c e h e r e , but we c a n c h o o s e not to e a t h o n e y . E t h i c a l l y we a r e r e q u i r ed to go a s f a r a s we h o n e s t l y c a n and no f u r t h e r . (3) H o n e y p r o d u c t i o n i n v o l v e s c r u e l t y to b e e s . Undoubtedly much l a r g e s c a l e honey production involves ruthless exploit a t i o n of Dees and no v e g a n should e a t h o n e y u n l e s s h e h a s e x a m i n e d i n t o t h e way i t w a s p r o d u c e d . H o w e v e r h o n e y c a n b e p r o d u c e d h u m a n e l y ; only a g e n u i n e s u r p l u s to the b e e s r e q u i r e m e n t s c a n b e t a k e n , and r e t u r n in the f o r m of v a r i o u s s e r v i c e s c a n be g i v e n by the b e e k e e p e r . S u c h p r o d u c t i o n c a n b e an e d i f y i n g e x a m p l e of c o - o p e r a t i o n b e t w e e n m a n and the i n s e c t w o r l d . T h e C o u n c i l of the V e g a n S o c i e t y would l i k e to know what y o u t h i n k . P l e a s e s e n d y o u r o b s e r v a t i o n s to t h e Secretary. " M y h u s b a n d s a y s m y b i s c u i t s w i l l p a v e t h e way to v e g a n i s m " .

LITERATURE LIST Produced by the Vegan Society

Price

Handbook of Practical Veganism - invaluable information on plain sources of main dietary requirements; hints on "the change-over"; recipes and general suggestions.

121/ap

Vegan Journal - published quarterly, free to members, 10p for single copies (55p annual sub. w i t h postage) Vegan & Vegetarian Shoppers' Guide - invaluable aid to buying not only food but many other commodities that have been produced without exploiting animals.

Weight.

2 ozs

3 ozs

20p

3 ozs

lOp

2 ozs

10p

1 ozs

FESTIVE Recipes

% oz

Personal cards

2 ozs

50p

'/a OZ

One Hundred Vegan Recipes Why Veganism by Eva Batt Envelope Stickers

Notepaper

15 for

12 sheets

Badges — pendants (available mid June) Also Recommended Quick and Easy Recipes Vegan Kitchen Sahara Conquest Recovery of Culture Crimes against Creation

by K. Keleny by F. Dinshah (Standard) (De Luxe) by R. St. Barbe Baker by H.B. Stevens by M. Dreyfus

15p 40p 50p 42%p £1.25 £1.00

3% ozs 4 ozs 4 ozs 6 ozs l i b . 4ozs 11b. 12 ozs

Aids to Vegan Diet for Children by K. Keleny (short supply). Also books supplied by American Vegan Society — list f r o m Literature Secretary. Please note prices do not include postage so weight of publications is added to enable you to add the necessary amount of stamps. Please order all items from the Literature Secretary:— Mrs. V. Farrell, 8 Basterfield House, Golden Lane, E.C.I. Membership applications and queries should be sent to the General Secretary — Mrs. K. Jannaway, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, who also has a small stock of literature which can be included in her replies. Attention to these details can save time and postage.

Hotels and Guest Houses CORNWALL - "WOODCOTE". The Saltings, Lelant, St. Ives, o v e r l o o k i n g Hayle E s t u a r y . C . H . & H&C in a l l r o o m s . We take p l e a s u r e in c a t e r i n g f o r V e g a n s . M r . J o h n & M i s s H a z e l B l a c k a l l e r . T e l . Hayle 3 1 4 7 . CAERNARVONSHIRE - LLANDUDNO. Kildare Guest House. Conway R o a d . E n j o y a t o n i c h o l i d a y with well b a l a n c e d V e g e t a r i a n and Vegan C a t e r i n g , and b r i g h t and c o m f o r t a b l e A c c o m o d a t i o n - C o l o u r T . V. L o u n g e , H&C and E l e c t r i c F i r e s all b e d r o o m s . C a r S p a c e . B r o c h u r e f r o m M r . & M r s . W . H . Usher(who a r e k e e n F o o d R e f o r m V e g e t a r i a n s ) T e l . 0 4 9 2 7 7 9 3 8 DEVON - I L F R A C O M B E . F a i r w y n d s V e g e t a r i a n G u e s t House o f f e r s Healthful h o l i d a y s with n a t u r a l whole f o o d s , C o m p o s t grown p r o d u c e , h o m e baking. V e g a n s w e l c o m e . E l i z a b e t h B u r t o n . V. C. A . M e m b e r . Tel. 2085. D O R S E T - W E Y M O U T H . V e g e t a r i a n and Vegan f a m i l i e s w e l c o m e d . S . A . E . p l e a s e to: M r s . C o x , Weymouth. T e l . P r e s t o n 2 4 0 2 E S S E X - F R I N T O N - O N - S E A . Sandy P o i n t V e g e t a r i a n Guest -louse. V e g a n s c a t e r e d f o r . F a c i n g south and s e a . E a s t e r D c t o b e r . P e r s o n a l l y s u p e r v i s e d by L i l l i a n & Aldo V e z z a and :heir daughter V e r o n i c a . . Tel.4691. V,C.A. G L O U C E S T E R - COOMBE LODGE Vegetarian Guest House ;hat c a t e r s f o r V e g a n s . W o o t o n - u n d e r - E d g e , on S o u t h e r n s l o p e s j f the c o t s w o l d H i l l s w h e r e a l l f r u i t and v e g e t a b l e s and s a l a d s i r e Home Grown. H E R E F O R D S H I R E - R O S S - O N - W Y E , Beechwood, Ryefield Rd. , V e g e t a r i a n G u e s t House and F o o d R e f o r m C e n t r e . Open a l l r e a r . M u e s l i and r a w s a l a d s . H o m e - m a d e b r e a d and c a k e s , s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n to V e g a n s . - L i l l i a n Young. T e l . R o s s 2 5 0 4 LAKE D I S T R I C T - ORCHARD HOUSE. Borrowdale Road, K e s w i c k . S m a l l V e g e t a r i a n Guest House in good c e n t r e f o r walking, e t c . , l o v e l y v i e w s f r o m the b a c k . H o m e B a k i n g and s o m e H o m e Grown P r o d u c e . M i s s D e l i a R y a l l . T e l . K e s w i c k 7 2 8 3 0 VIONMOUTHSHIRE - M E D H O P E . in tlie b e a u t i f u l L o w e r Wye V a l l e y . Own m a r k e t g a r d e n and f r u i t f a r m provide L i v i n g F o o d - a b u n d a n t , v a r i e d , d e l i c i o u s s a l a d s & f r u i t , nuts e t c . No c h e m i c a l s - no cooking e i t h e r , and no t r a f f i c sounds. New A g e 'Centre 'or v i t a l l i v i n g . D i r e c t o r : H a r o l d Wood ( F . C. A . ), " M e d h o p e " , r i n t e r n , M o n . N P 6 7NX. T e l . 0 2 9 - 1 8 - 2 5 3 . (V.C.Mem.) S U R R E Y - C H E R T S E Y . T h a m e s V a l l e y , b e t w e e n Hampton C o u r t ind W i n d s o r . B e d , B r e a k f a s t or B . B . and E v e n i n g M e a l f o r V e g e t a r i a n s and V e g a n s . C o m p o s t Grown P r o d u c e . H o m e B a k ng. H&C. M r s . Young, Tel. 64425.

CRANKS HEALTH

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| FOODS| Marshall St London W1 Our shop offers you the best selection of unadulterated and unrefined vegetarian foods. open Monday'to Friday 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturday 9 a.m. to I p.m.

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HUNZANA 100% WHOLEFOODS are now arriving from several countries and a number of U.K. supplies are also ready. But by the very nature of this new type of business, many factors are involved. We have to find and develop the approved organic sources, arrange agents to supervise operations from growing and packing to shipping, and also take into account the different seasons for cropping and harvesting. So 'the supply and volume of dried fruits, nuts and cereals will fluctuate somewhat in the early stages. There will inevitably be a time lapse before H U N Z A N A Wholefoodsicanlbe available, in variety through the trade all over the country. In the interim period. ; for all those many hundreds of friends who have no access, to a stockist, we have made arrangements for a mail order service, to avoid unnecessary delay.

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There are now adequate supplies of:

•Vitamin 'R' Yeast E x t r a c t — t h e only one which is not a brewery byproduct;

'Toasted Nut K e r n e l s — n o t roasted in Oil and not common salt;

"Decaffeinated C o f f e e — n e w Swiss nonchemical process;

' S a l u t a — t h e salty seaplant supplement; Our restaurant offers you a continuous buffet service of fresh salads, fruit and vegetable Juices and vegetarian savouries. open Monday to Friday 10 a.m. to 8.30 p.m.

and some supplies o f : —

"Chikki B a r s — w h o l e seeds and nuts with gur (raw sugar);

"Kashmir H o n e y — m u c h prized as the world's most exotic and most expen-. sive honey that will make a much valued gift.

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We invite everyone interested to send us a postcard for literature—including "What are 100% Health F o o d s ? " — a n d the up-to-date price list.

HUNZANA FOODS LTD

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3 5 GREAT RUSSELL STREET

13 13

Telephone: 0 1 - 6 3 6 2 6 2 1

LONDON WC1B 3PP