The Vegan Autumn 1978

ISSN 0307-4811

20p

THE

VEGAN Vol. 25 No. 3

Autumn, 1978

CONTENTS

Need for Change (Editorial)

Jack Sanderson

Do-gooders and Good-doers

Alan Long Peter Roberts

The Vegan Alternative Focus on the Fruitarian Diet Also

Shopping with Eva and Janneline and Letters, Reports, Recipes, Etc

Ann Fehilly

VEGAN SOCIETY F O U N D E D 1 9 4 4 — R E G I S T E R E D CHARITY

VEGANISM is a way of living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, animal milk and its derivatives and honey. It encourages the study and use of alternatives for all commodities normally derived wholly or partly from animals.

The objects of The Vegan Society are to further knowledge of, and interest in, sound nutrition and in the vegan method of agriculture and food production as a means of increasing the potential of the earth to the physical, moral and economic advantage of mankind.

Acting President: Mr. J. Sanderson.

Vice-Presidents: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mr. J. Dinshah, Dr. C. Nimmo, Miss W. Simmons, Miss M. Simmons.

Council: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mrs. K. Jannaway. Mr. A. Pay, Mr. J. Sanderson, Mrs. G. Smith, Mr. W. Wright.

Treasurer: Mrs. G. Smith, but all subscriptions, donations, etc., should be sent to the Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

Hon. Secretary: Mrs. K. Jannaway, address as above.

Subscriptions: £1.25 yearly. Additional members at same address not requiring an extra Journal, pensioners and juniors, 63p.

THE VEGAN Quarterly Journal £1.25 per annum.

30p, post free. From the Secretary, address as above.

Editors: Mr. J. Sanderson and Mrs. K. Jannaway.

All advertisements to Leatherhead Office.

The Editorial Board does not necessarily agree with opinions expressed by contributors to this magazine, or endorse advertisements.

Published: March 21st, June 21st, September 21st, December 21st.

Copy dates: 1st of preceding months.

%

THE VEGAN SOCIETY

was formed In 1944 by a group of vegetarians who became aware of the suffering inseparable from the dairy Industry. In 1964, it was recognised as an educational charity and is now growing rapidly in influence and membership, as people realise its importance for their own health and for the wise use of resources as well as for the relief of cruelly exploited animals.

Free from commitment to any religious, political, philosophical, social, dietary or medical goup, the Vegan Society endeavours to co-operate with all who are seeking a positive way forward for mankind.

It challenges all those who preach love and compassion but still base their lives on cruel practices and the debasement of both man and beast involved In meat and milk production.

W H A T T H E N DO V E G A N S E A T ?

There is a great variety of vegan diets, from the very simple and truly economical, based almost entirely on food that can be grown on small plots of land anywhere, or be bought In ordinary grocers, whole food shops and greengrocers, to those using the many vegan convenience foods sold in the Health Food Stores. The Vegan Society helps with all types of vegan diet.

MINIMUM SUBSCRIPTIONS are kept low - ÂŁ1. 25 or 63 pence for pensioners, juniors and those sharing a journal - so that all who agree with the importance of the vegan way of life can register their support. Overseas members are asked to send International Money Orders or to send extra to cover Bank Charges (which are now very heavy).

FULL MEMBERSHIP is open to all vegans who live on the products of the plant kingdom only. (As honey is produced by insects, it was Included in the Rules when Charity status was granted. Most commercial honey production involves ruthless exploitation, but since home production of honey need not involve cruelty and bees are essential to fruit production, the 1974 A. G. M. voted that the use of honey need not be a bar to full membership, but the Charity Commissioner has refused permission to alter the original wording.)

ASSOCIATE ME-MBERSHIP Is open to vegetarian sympathisers.

JOURNAL SUBSCRIBERS are welcomed at the same rate, especially those who agree with the Vegan Society's aims but are not able to follow, fully, the vegan or vegetarian way of life.

To the Secretary, Vegan Society, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

I am a practising vegan and apply for Full Membership I am a vegetarian sympathiser and apply for Associate Membership I wish to be listed as a Journal Subscriber as I am not

Name ., Address

I enclose ÂŁ 1

(see above)

NEED FOR CHANGE "To fight without killing, to command without impelling, and to conquer without contending, is only possible to those who love their fellow creatures."

Lao Tze - 6th Century, B. C. Koh KOK Klang.

As I begin these lines, the date is August 12th - the Glorious Twelfth when the killing of game birds is permitted by the law. By to-night large numbers of birds, in the prime of life this morning, will be consigned to the cooking pot. Similarly, during the day that you read this, and every day of every year, myriads of animals, fish and birds the whole world over will have been killed deliberately to feed the stomachs of the human race. A summer tour of the countryside in this and other countries, and an examination of the contents of the fields reveals how wasteful is our modern agriculture. Much of the land is used inefficiently and most of it is used for feeding animals directly or indirectly. How much better it would be if our land were used for fruit and nut tree growing, for plant food for direct human consumption and for a greatly expanded tree population which could provide wood for most human needs and a beautiful countryside for human recreation. There would still be room for those who claim to really love animals to tend and care for them, and room for safari parks for the rarer animals to roam, at least relatively free.

In a walk through a street in Florence in March, 1 was struck by the thought that almost every shop depended for its livelihood on the products of the slaughter of animals and I longed for the time when the products will come from the plant kingdom.

T h e r e Is much to be done.

We a r e the c u s t o m e r s - the shops exist

to satisfy our demands. Let us help to change the system by giving thought to how it can be done, both personally and collectively.

When we visit other countries, the brochures tempt us with the local fare literally dripping with blood and dairy produce when frequently for vegetarians and vegans there is no choice at all - a sad state of affairs which seems to be an unchanging and unchangeable part of life. We can help by seeking out those cafes and restaurants, etc. which are genuinely trying to cater for non-flesh and non/lacto tastes, and those whole food and health shops which are springing up in most "developing" countries in the West.

In our travels, whether in our own country or abroad, many opportunities arise with friends, relations and acquaintances where a chance word here, a seed thought there, a leaflet given to an interested listener or left around in a likely place, can set going an impulse or an energy which can produce surprising results and echo and re-echo down the years.

2

As the quotation from Lao Tze shows, vegan principles of non-violence did not begin in 1944. But the VeganSociety did, and largely as a result of its efforts and those of the Vegetarian Society and many other brother and sister societies, a real Impulse is taking hold. The public mass consciousness IS being influenced, research of all kinds and clinical experience are pointing our way and the spearhead of this impulse - veganism - can take hold in the life of this nation in the lifetime of young vegans living to-day. This will require the vegan way to be continually placed before the public view in every way possible - but especially by informed speakers; we cannot have too many. Perhaps you can help us In this way? Let us hear you on any subject relevant to veganism at one of our social evenings. (See page 15) The principle of "As you sow, so shall you reap" applies to all life, not least to our relationship with the animal kingdom. The way we treat them - directly or indirectly - is the way that life will treat us. To the lower animals we are higher beings, and no doubt there are higher beings than ourselves in similar relationship. As we attempt to serve the animal kingdom, whether by seeking to stamp out vivisection or helping a bee trapped at a window, so a watcher may help us according to our need. Think of all the millions of creatures on the earth and the appalling cruelties that many experience at the hand of man, and see if you can do anything to alleviate it or help stamp it out. There are many ways of helping. Please choose (at least)one.

These Islands have seen the birth of many impulses that have greatly influenced and affected mankind, many of them good, and I believe they are destined to show the way forward in many good ways to come. Let two of these ways be the reorganisation of our agriculture from an animal base to a plant base, and the eradication of cruelty to animals In all its forms. A vegan way of life for this country and for the world will then be possible.

J. Sanderson.

THE DEATH OF DR. FREY ELLIS We have the sad duty of announcing the death of our President, Dr. Frey Ellis, after many years of strain and overwork and a long illness. We will publish an appreciation in our next issue; meanwhile here is the last paragraph of the article "The Power of Kindness" which he wrote for The Vegan and which is printed as a leaflet.

"The way of compassion has been taught by those men and women who, through out history, have ascended to a higher degree of consciousness than the rest of mankind. When we examine their teachings, we are aware that they are based on universal laws and not built on the temporary structures of the human intellect. And when we recognise it, we start on a lifelong journey towards a distant land of glory, the reality of which is a mere speck to our human perception."

3

w-Qooms % cpoo-we

"Emotion Rules OK" I mused sadly as I emerged from a radio broadcast on animals' rights. With scant respect for the competence of their own spokesmen, the claque had howled down speakers even before they'd announced a view to challenge. Goodies and baddies were cheered and jeered as in a Victorian melodrama. Irredentist expressions of virtue ran riot; the audience could only have alienated listeners who might, thru the dignity of sweet reason, have heeded the challenge in the subject. It wasn't a good nite for the animals; they scarcely got a look In. We all manifest our inconsistencies. Hunting (generally with the exception of fishing) unleashes in many of its opponents a fury over a few thousand quarry a year that abates over the marketing and slaughter of the same number of food-animals every minute of every working day. To his surprise, the butcher at the broadcast was not saluted with a jeer. The junketings of the landed gentry are lamentable, but the trade of the jolly straw-hatted butcher is much worse (altho, admittedly, more securely entrenched, if only owing to the inconsistencies of "animal-lovers"). I discovered that one lady shrieking vilification at scientists and doctors had had her dog inoculated against distemper and, like many of us, she'd arrived at the studio in a ton of machinery that could easily cause a casualty requiring all the resources of the derided medication and callings. How many of us, in extremis, would forgo the blemished boons of anesthetics, penicillin, or even the Pill? At the dentists or as we bandy about nutritional facts, we borrow from knowledge and experience cruelly won. Harvey, the surgeon who clinched the facts on the circulation of the blood, was an obsessive vivisector.

If we want to help animals, we must acknowledge the foibles of our own species. Many huntsmen abhor factory-farming and they exercise their ability to avoid its products. Shortly after the 1939-1945 war, horses were being slaughtered without stunning here and after export for the Continental meat-trade. It was the hunting fraternity, with the support of Winston Churchill, who put a rapid stop to the trade. It was a welcome remission altho this small mercy did not extend even to cattle, let alone sheep, pigs, or poltry. In another welcome event the Labour Party is now making an earnest of animals' rights, with proposed political reforms that are possible, even if questionable in some parts of the logic. At least, some one is doing something, espousing topics once ignored.

If the animals' lay-champions are quirky, what of their selfappointed guardians, the vets? A graduate to membership of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons vows that "my constant endeavor will be to ensure the welfare of animals committed to my care". An August 1978 issue of the Veterinary Record reports an Australian study of a common problem: the bruising of livestock on the "joy-ride" to the slaughterhouse. The vets discovered 4

i

that 8 lb of bruised flesh had to be trimmed off the carcases of cows and about half as much off bullocks. They record that 78% of the cows in transit were pregnant. They opine: "It is inadvisable, however, to transport cows in late pregnancy". One of the cows in their study was 7 months' pregnant and she died, "presumably from a metabolic disease, during the rail journey". They conclude that cows suffer more than bullocks in transit, so that in their fatigue they are reluctant "to move out of the way of other animals or objects and thus there would be an increased likelihood of bruising". Vets employed by the meat-trade must find it hard to honor their pledge to the RCVSI Any observer of animals "humanely slaughtered" can detect the symptoms of "physiological turmoil" (to quote the Meat Trades Journal, which elaborates: "The meat animal is subjected to stress as a result of being uplifted from its familiar 'safe' surroundings, put into an unfamiliar lorry and jostled and jerked towards an equally unfa miliar slaughterhouse, penned in an unfamiliar lairage together with unfamiliar animals from different herds and farms. All these factors induce in the animals a hi degree of stress").

The veterinary and butchers' journals abound in examples of this cruelty, which is worse for intensively reared animals, counting the cost in terms of pounds and dollars rather than unkindness. Condemnations of the meat from cattle due to bruising have run at 10 to 15% in all parts of the "civilized" world, and our own Meat and Livestock Commission, complaining of "huge" losses because "animals are handled badly on the way to slaughter", fouixl 56% of the pigs in one survey injured before slaughter. Some pigs actually die of frite (they suffer a heart-attack). Up to 1 in 3 poltry may be bruised before slaughter. While the vets withhold their condemnation, Mr. Temple Grandln, an American livestock-consultant, speaks out: "Bruises and carcasedamage are problems which plague abattoir-owners everywhere. They cost money and inflict needless pain and suffering to the animals". (Note the priorities!) The signs of stress are manifest - in the slaughterhouse and on the butcher'8 slab - in the rest of the meat: dark-cutting, premature rigor of the heart-muscle, oozy, pale, soft, exudative (PSE) flesh, dark, firm, dry (DFD) meat, glazy bacon, blood-splash, bone-taint, ham-sours, and shank-sours. Tough meat tells of tough conditions in transit or in the shambles, or a hellish bleed-out.

The vets experimenting, apparently with no licence from the Home Office, at the Agicultural Research Council's Institute of Animal Physiology, at Cambridge, on embryo-transplants from donor cows, super-ovulated by injections of hormones, are certainly doing the animals a service (if we allow the pun), but are they heeding the RCVS vow? The greed for beefy "exotic" steers and milky cows can't abide the pace of natural pregnancy, so the valuable embryos from superior donors, artificially inseminated, are implanted for gestation in workaday cows, which may have the distinction of virgin births: some humble cow may actually be the Virgin Marigold. The British Veterinary Association, if not the Ministry of Agriculture, is concerned 5

at these antics, as well as at the consequent difficult calvings. Even with the BVA's stipulations, a cow could suffer 15 surgical Interferences and 4 natural pregnancies within 5 j years. A Canadian veterinary team, aiming at a record, operated 7 times in one year on one donor cow and British farmers are now talking of "crops" of 9 calves every 15 months from one donor. Sows are about to receive similar treatment, the initial demonstrations being carried out at the animal hospital run by Eddie Straiton, the TV vet.

This is butch-farming by mutilation, a far remove from the good man's concern for his beast. We must expose it patiently. Screeching emotional abuse may make us feel better, but It doesn't help the victims. Our species has so much to be humble about. We disparage "animal behavior", but for sheer mercilessness we acknowledge ourselves: "Thou never didst them wrong, nor no man wrong; And as the butcher cakes away the calf, And binds the wretch, and beats it when it strays, Bearing it to the bloody slaughterhouse, Even so, remorseless, have they borne him hence; And as the dam runs lowing up and down, Looking the way her harmless young one went, And can do nought but wail her darling's loss?" . . .

None of us has Shakespeare's eloquence; but, with discipline, each of us can cultivate the powers of example and exposition that, in various ways, will lift the thrall our species has inflicted on animals. No dominion was so relentlessly imposed.

Alan Long VEGAN CHILDREN

When PLANTMILK LTD. first put its Plamil Soya plantmilk on the market, a Health Store proprietor described it as "ahead of its time". Similar comments were made toward the Vegan Society when it started in 1944.

What a long way both the Society and the Company have since come. The vegan way of life is now accepted as being both logical from the humanitarian aspect and sound from the nutritional viewpoint.

One barrier has, however, been somewhat slower to overcome, i.e. the almost inborn fear that whilst adults may do without dairy produce, growing children may need a lacto-vegetarian diet. This myth is now exploded and PLANTMILK LTD. has produced reprints of an article which appeared in the June issue of "Alive" - a survey of case histories of children brought up on Plamil. Please send S. A. E. to Plamll House, Bowles Well Gardens, Folkestone for a free copy.

Arthur Ling.

6

THÂŁ wqm memm

-continuing the summary of the talk given by Peter Roberts of Compassion in World Farming and Direct Foods Ltd. to a meeting organised by the Vegan Society on 30th March, 1978. As reported in the Summer 1978 issue of "The Vegan" Peter Roberts described man's evolution from the veganism of the ape and the Garden of Eden to the factory farming of today and presented the challenge: Do we carry on with the carnivorous habits, we picked up in the Ice Age or do we go forward into the advent of a new age altogether?

Today, animals in the field are only a tiny proportion of the total of those reared in this country. Most of them are to be found in "factory farms" and people, even the majority of the farmers, are quite ignorant of the conditions in which they exist.

Under the factory farming system the best land in this country is used for the production of barley which goes into foodstuffs for animals. The idea of rotation has been abandoned, hedges have been taken out, ditches filled in and a great variety of plants and crops lost. A s a result we have an increase in disease in plants, an increase in pests and a lower level of fertility. The answer in modern agricultural thinking is more toxic chemicals. These act like drugs - you have to increase the dosage each time. Moreover the departure from traditional, rotational, mixed farming has upset the labour demand and the result has been the use of heavier farm machinery. This together with the use of artificial fertilisers and straw burning destroys soil structure.

In order to feed our farm animals we not only mortgage our own farmland but we import vast quantities of high protein food: soya from America, fishmeal from Peru and, here perhaps is the worst crime, ground nut meal from India. We take from India 170,000 tons of high protein food every year to feed farm animals in Britain. On a world scale 370 million tons of the world's harvest is fed to farm animals in the West, sufficient that is to meet the combined needs of all the people In China and India. There is no shortage of food in the world, it is just that we are feeding animals instead of our own species.

In the U. K. alone we support massive livestock numbers including 350 million chicken. Every week we kill 85,000 cattle, 250,000 sheep, 275,000 pigs and 6 million chicken. What a libation of blood for the earth to soak up! And very few of those animals will have been shown any love or compassion by man.

How can change be brought about ? We have to press the Government by all the means in our power. The Government is like a great inert body that only moves in the direction away from the greatest pressure. It is up to the individual to exert that pressure. Compassion is the Key but there has to be a viable alternative policy. We in "Compassion in World Farming" set out to provide this as well as spreading knowledge of the evils of factory farming and organising moves against it.

7

Chicken, kept for egg production, are housed 5 or 6 to a cage only 24" wide and spend all their lives standing on wire floors unable to stretch their wings. In Denmark there has been a ban on battery egg production since 1950. In Switzerland a campaign backed by a fund of ÂŁ340,000 is being waged to phase out the battery cage. This may well be taken up in Germany and Holland, yet in Britain we are extending the battery cage to other areas of livestock production. Early weaned pigs are kept in battery cages standing on wire floors just like chicken and in Ireland a system of rearing pigs in battery cages right up to slaughter weight has been introduced. Veal calves are kept in crates only 22" wide and sows are closely confined and tied by the neck for the whole of their pregnancies. These are extreme examples but generally livestock husbandry has become livestock exploitation and animals have become "bio-mass" or "life-units".

We should progressively rely less on livestock and they should be restricted to the less productive lands, the uplands and marginal lands, leaving the best cultivatable farm land for the production of food for direct human consumption. If you take one acre of good cultivatable land and you graze beef cows on it, then in terms of actual dry matter protein, that acre will produce only 18 lb. in a year. If you plough up that acre of grass and sow it to barley and feed the barley to beef cows kept in an intensive barn you are able to produce 45 lb. of dry matter protein. Soya bean yields 500 lb. of protein to an acre, lucerne, 1,800 lb. Moreover, there has been virtually no research and development work carried out in the area of new crops for direct human consumption comparable with that carried out for the feeding of livestock. For centuries we have eaten as our fathers ate. Soon we shall take our blinkers off and see the potential that there is in the tens of thousands of plant species in nature.

In Direct Foods Ltd. we decided that we should find a crop that would give taste and texture similar to meat. We reasoned that for thousands of years we had got used to the taste and texture of meat and that if it could be produced without cruelty and slaughter then it should be made available to the public. The Plant Milk Society reasoned along similar lines and set out to imitate the taste and texture of milk.

Unfortunately the basic crop has been the soya bean. Courtaulds started using field beans which can be grown more successfully in this country but they have turned to soya bean because the soya market has been organised better and deliveries are guaranteed. In future our farmers may become as well organised for the controlled contract growing of British crops. The technology we have evolved could be applied to other crop6. The soya flour from which the oil has been taken is passed through nozzles under high pressure . is suddenly released and the soya expands and co-agulates to give a different chewy texture. It is not a chemical, synthetic process. Some people object to even this processing but it is only comparable to the way in which cakes and biscuits are processed from flour.

8

We at Direct Foods use only yeast extract and other vegetable products for flavouring. Protoveg soya protein has no preservative but there is sulphurdioxide in the dried apple we use in some of the mixes. Sulphur-dioxide has been used by housewives for generations and is not to be put in the same category as many modern preservatives. The herbs we use for flavouring also help to preserve.

Other high protein crops that could be similarly processed and that can be grown in the U. K. are the field bean, maize, sunflower, rape seeds, and lucerne leaf-protein; the possibilities of the white lupin are being explored.

There is sufficient variety of crop to enable us to get back to rotational farming even though no livestock are included. In future times syndicates of farmers could set up extrusion plants for the processing of British crops.

People say that if we all turned vegan we would be over run by animals; others say the opposite - the animals would all die out. The truth of course is with neither of these. Animals would cease to be bred on the large scale as now for meat; they would revert to their feral state on the hills. We have bred them away from natural conditions so as they return to the wild we shall need to care for them. In an enlightened age control of animal populations will be carried out by the contraceptive pill rather than the gun. It may be that the hill farms will gradually be transformed into national parks and the hill farmers become wardens of those parks. We and our children will have the pleasure of visiting the parks but the most important thing is that the animals should be there simply to take delight in their own lives.

There are two other hoary errors that we have to overcome. The first is that animal protein is necessary for health: this has now been shown to be untrue. The biggest threat to health on a world scale is malnutrition in the East and degenerative diseases in the West - both aggravated by animal farming.

The second hoary error is that farmyard manure is necessary for soil fertility. Fertility is perennial if it is given the chance; all that is required is that our agriculture should be cyclic rather than in a straight line, so that all wastes are returned to the soil. They need not be animal wastes: they could be the wastes of the plant crop itself and the waste from the human consumer.

At the present time our wastes are put into the sea and we spend fifty weeks of the year working hard in order to have the doubtful honour of being able to bathe in it during the other two weeks. If we returned composted human wastes to the land, we would have the additional benefit of clean beaches.

Artificial fertilisers which force plant growth also act against soil life.

These should not be used. They are in general the nitrogenous fertilisers. But when there is a deficiency of a particular element, such as copper, magnesium, potash - and of course lime - it is right and proper that it should be applied.

9

Rotations will help considerably with fertility because different crops make different demands on the soil. The concept of companion crops also shows great promise. The Henry Doubleday Research Association* has made a great study of this.

Then there is the further concept of "space-farming". This usesnot just the area of the acre but the volume above it. Long rotation crops such as fruit trees would occupy the upper strata and annual crops such as nitrogen fixing legumes could be grown underneath.

Apart from localised deficiencies, fertility can be self-generating and perennial. Where there is a necessity for additional fertility it can be brought in from the sea.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasise two points. Firstly, science is entirely neutral; it serves our folly as well as our genius. And, secondly, as Albert Schweitzer said, it may be in order to fell a forest to recreate something of beauty and use but not permissible to knock the head off a single flower wantonly.

Peter Roberts N.D.A., C.D.A W A R N I N G ON

COMFREY

Lawrence Hills of the Henry Doubleday Research Association has asked us to publish a warning on the use of comfrey internally as it has been found to contain an alkaloid which can cause severe liver damage.

He says " until we issue a further statement no human being nor animal should eat, drink or take comfrey in any form. " He fears that vegans who might be taking large quantities of comfrey in hope of getting their supply of B12 may be especially at risk. The young leaves contain most alkaloid, mature leaves about a fifth as much and dried tea least.

Comfrey ointment, leaves or flour used as dressings and poultices are safe as the alkaloid is not absorbed through the skin. Comfrey foliage in compost, in potato trenches, as liquid manure and as mulch is entirely safe.

Work on making protein concentrate from comfrey ( which can yield tons to an acre of pure digestible protein as compared with cwts of soya) is continuing. Dr. L-Plaskett, the bio-chemist who is conducting the research is confident that he can extract the alkaloid and thus render the concentrate safe and a valuable source of B12 for vegans. Financial support for the Research is urgently needed. Please send to Henry Doubleday Research Association, * 20 Convent Lane, Booking, Braintree, Essex.

K.J. 1 0

F O C U S ON T H E F R U I T A R I A N D I E T Rapidly growing interest in a fruitarian way of life has made discussion of such a dietary regime imperative. Confusion may arise as to the exact meaning of the term "fruitarian diet". Fruit alone is inadequate for the maintenance of health: according to accepted standards, such a regime would be low in total energy, protein, fat, and certain essential amino acids, as well as in some vitamins and minerals. But if nuts and seeds are included, the diet could, with careful planning, be nutritionally balanced.

Energy Fruits have a high water and crude-fibre content. This makes it very difficult to consume sufficient quantity to satisfy energy requirements: if the total energy intake is inadequate to maintain energy balance dietary protein will be broken down by the body and used for energy instead of its proper function, i.e. tissue maintenance and repair. Nuts provide a valuable source of energy, protein and fat, without greatly increasing the bulk of food.

Protein When considering the protein content of a diet, both the quantity and quality are important. All proteins contain amino acids linked together, each protein being composed of different combinations and different amounts of these basic units. Of the total twenty amino acids, twelve can be made by the adult human body. The remaining eight must be provided in the diet, in the correct proportions, and are termed "essential amino acids": leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, valine, threonine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. For children, arginine and histidine are also essential.

The quality or biological value (BV) of a food protein is a measure of its usefulness for maintenance and repair of tissues. Clearly a protein with an essential amino acid composition similar to that of the body tissues is more useful than one with dissimilar composition. Only the proteins of egg and human milk have a BV of 100, i. e. 100% of the protein is retained in the body for the synthesis of new tissue. The amount of protein that can be synthesised will depend upon the amino acid present in least amount, the limiting amino acid. For example, a protein with a 25% deficiency of lysine will have a BV of 75. Lysine is thus the limiting amino acid of that protein. If one of the essential amino acids is missing from a particular protein, protein synthesis cannot occur and the BV is zero. The BV can however be increased by eating mixtures of several proteins, but a protein deficient in amino acid X, for example, must be consumed at the same time as one containing this amino acid In excess as there is little storage of amino acid mixtures in the body.

In Great Britain the "average diet" has a BV of 70. The recommended intake for protein (FAO, 1965) is IgAg body weight and according to the WHO (1967) protein should supply 10% of the total energy intake; if it supplies less than this the value of the protein will be reduced. Obviously if a particular diet 1 1

has a BV of less than 70, the protein intake will need to be greater than Ig/kg body weight. It is noteworthy that when a protein of low BV is eaten, much of it cannot be used for tissue synthesis and therefore has to be deaminated by the liver to urea and excreted by the kidneys.

The poor BV of fruit can be improved by adding nuts and other seeds to the diet. Nuts are low in two essential amino acids, lysine and (with the exception of Brazil nuts) methionine. Lysine can however be obtained from legumes, wheatgerm, and from apples. The richest and poorest sources of essential amino acids are shown in table 1. Whenever a poor source of an essential amino acid is consumed, a rich source of that acid should be consumed at the same time.

Vitamins and Minerals The best sources of vitamins and some minerals in a fruit, nut and seed regime are shown in table 2. Several fruits are rich sources of vitamin C - citrus fruits and blackcurrants, but most are low in vitamins of the B group. The latter may be obtained from nuts (except chestnuts) and cereals.

B group vitamins and vitamin C are water-soluble and large quantities are lost on heating. This is one reason why as much of the food as possible should be eaten raw. Unfortunately this may lead to further problems: the protein of raw foods is less digestible than that of cooked foods, hence a diet of fruit, nuts and seeds would be unsuitable for babies and young children.

The carotene (vitamin A precursor) content of the fruit, nut and seed regime would probably be low but it could take many months or even years for symptoms of deficiency to become apparent depending upon body stores of the vitamin.

The regime is completely devoid of vitamins B12 and D. Supplements of B12 are therefore necessary. Vitamin D can be made in the skin under the influence of ultra-violet light. For this reason it is impossible to discern how much, if any, vitamin D must be provided in the diet. It would therefore be wise for those adopting this type of regime to make the most of available sunshine: supplements are advisable in the winter months.

With regard to minerals, sesame seeds contain large quantities of calcium and most of the iron intake would be provided by soya beans, almonds, dried peaches and dried figs. Nevertheless, one must be wary when using food composition tables, since content is not necessarily a guide to availability: iron is absorbed more efficiently from soya beans than from nuts and other seeds. Studies in Sweden have shown that if the calcium intake is low it is possible to adapt to this by increasing absorption of the nutrient.

Inter-relationships of nutrients These are of great importance. Carotene can only be absorbed in the presence of fat, hence nuts and/or avocado pear should be eaten with sources of carotene such as mango and cantaloupe melon. Vitamin D is 1 2

necessary for the absorption of calcium. Organic acids (contained in fruit) and protein aid calcium absorption, whereas phytic acid, present in nuts, pulses and the bran of cereals hinders both calcium and iron absorption. Vitamin C assists iron absorption, but must be consumed in the same meal as the iron source. Unfortunately it is not known to what extent each of these aiding and impeding factors operate. Recent evidence suggests that if a particular dietary regime is deficient in vitamins A, E, or the B group, deficiency symptoms may not develop as readily if the diet is also high in vitamin C, i. e. vitamin C may exert a sparing effect on other vitamins. However, little is known about this phenomenon and further study is required.

Conclusion A diet consisting of fruits, nuts and seeds could, with careful planning, be nutritionally adequate, whereas a regime relying on fruits alone cannot. A mixture of fruits, nuts and seeds must be eaten at each meal to ensure that the BV of the diet is as high as possible. Finally, it must be stressed that adopting such a regime without good knowledge of the composition of foods and more importantly of the inter-relationships of the various nutrients may have drastic consequences.

I would like to thank Dr. F. R. Ellis and Professor J. W. T. Dickerson for their advice and co-operation.

Ann Fehily, B. Sc. (Nutr. ) TABLE I RICHEST AND POOREST SOURCES OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS IN A FRUIT, NUT OR SEED DIET

HIGH LOW

Isoleu

Leu

Lys

Met

Phe

Thr

Trypt

Val

Hazel Nuts

Bra ill Nuts Coconut

Peas Beans Apple

Brazil Nuts Grapes Peaches

Beans Peas Banana

Beans Peas

Dates

Hazel Nuts Coconut Peaches

All fruit especially grapes

Grapes Apricots Oranges

Nuts Many fruits

Other fruits nuts and seeds

Most fruits

Oranges

All Most other fruits fruits almonds walnuts

TABLE 2

A

Cantaloupe Melon Aprioots & Mangoes.

(Peaches & pawpaw lesser amts.

1

Nicotinic Add

BEST SOURCES OF VITAMINS AND MINERALS IN A FRUIT, NUT AND SEED DIET (In descending order at concentration) V IT A M I N S MINERALS Folio Iron Calcium E C B1 B6 Acid Raw Peas Blackcurrants Brazils Walnuts Peanuts Brazils Walnuts Soya beans Sesame Apples Citrus fruits Peanuts Peanuts Walnuts Peanuts almonds seed 8 Bananas A1 monds dried raw fruit (peaches figs, aprioots) N. B. These foods do not contain vitamin D or vitamin B12

1 3

Q/\

USING NUTS AND O T H E R S E E D S The most rational way to use nuts is to shell and chew them! However, many, including those whose teeth are not efficient, may be glad to have ideas for fitting them into conventional eating patterns. Most vegans use them In savouries and cakes, but many seem reluctant to try them in the form of alternatives to milk, cream and margarine. The preparation of these is so simple that people find it difficult to believe how good they are until they try them! The nuts are simply ground and whisked with more or less water to make milk and cream, or mixed with oil to make spreads. For ideas for flavouring see central recipe pages. Without flavouring, cashews probably make the best butter substitute. Spread it on bread and top with any customary sandwich filling.

While nuts have long been recognised as a useful source of nutrients and the value of well-cooked soya beans is now becoming well known, comparatively little attention has been given, especially in England, to such nutritious seeds as Sunflower, Sesame and Squash (i.e. Marrow, Pumpkin etc.). They are concentrated food stuffs rich in protein, calcium and polyunsaturated fats. The amino-acid details are not yet available so dependence on them as a source of complete protein (see article on Fruitarianism)is not recommended. They can be used in any recipe where nuts are given, especially in combination with soya (soya gravy )and green vegetables which should supply any missing amino-acids.

Vegans may well find them very palatable alternatives to nut and soya for milks.

S E S A M E AND S U N F L O W E R MILK Grind I oz. of seeds and liquidize well with 6 oz. warm water. Press through a fine sieve or coffee strainer - the residue can be used in soups and savouries.

The milk can be sweetened to taste and flavoured with liquidized fruits and chilled. It can be used with breakfast cereals or in tea and coffee. Sesame milk is especially good in coffee. To prevent curdling use plenty of milk, preferably warm.

Sunflower seeds can be ripened in England. Sow early and protect from frost. As they ripen cover with nets -wide mesh to prevent mould- or the birds will help themselves. The indigestible skins can be removed more easily if they are soaked for two days before use - the germinating radicles split open the seed. The skins of sesame can be used- they are extra rich in calcium but their bitter taste is unacceptable to some people. It can be got rid of by soaking the seeds. These milks will not keep any longer than cow milk.

Dehulled sunflower and sesame seeds can be bought in Health Stores or more cheaply from bulk suppliers. They keep very well in a dry atmosphere or they can be shared with friends or sold at enough profit to pay carriage or petrol-forfetching costs. Wholesale store prices in different districts probably approximate to those at Infinity Foods, 24 North Road, Brighton:- Sunflower ÂŁ9.40 per 201b., i e. 47p per lb. , Sesame ÂŁ7. 20 per 201b., i. e. 36p per lb.

K. J anna way 1 4

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING The 34th Annual General Meeting of the Vegan Society will be held on Saturday, 7th October, at 2.30 p. m. at the Westminster Friends Meeting House, St. Martin's Lane, a few minutes' walk from Trafalgar and Leicester Square Underground stations.

At the end of the business meeting, Dr. Freed of Manchester University will speak briefly on his work with schizophrenics whom he has reason to believe can be helped by a vegan diet. To further his research he needs many, very small samples of blood from vegans. It is hoped that members will feel moved to help this work. A room upstairs in the Meeting House has been booked for use for this purpose during the tea-break.

At 7. 00 p. m. Stephen Clark, lecturer in Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow, author of'The Moral Status of Animals" and Full Member of the Vegan Society will speak on "Ethics and Morality. " T.U. E.S.D.A.Y.S. S.Q.C.I.A.L.S. Our last Tuesday of the month socials at the Nature Cure Clinic, behind Marylebone Church, a few minutes from Baker Street Underground Station have had varied success, sometimes being well attended and lively and warm in fellowship and sometimes not. Always the kitchen work and responsibility has fallen on the same old faithfuls. We would like people to offer to be responsible in turn. Opportunities could be given for practice in public speaking. Please let the Secretary know if you would like to talk on any subject relevant to veganism.

We meet from 7 - 9 p. m. Visitors welcome.

OTHER DATES TO REMEMBER OCTOBER 18th, Wed., 2.45-6.45p. m., Rembrandt Hotel, Thurloe Place, Knightsbridge, London SW7. Beauty Without Cruelty Fashion Show.

Tickets £1.00 (including refreshments) from B. W. C. 1 Calverley Place ^nj^ridge OCTOBER 19th,Thurs.,7.30 p.m. Leighton House, 12 Holland Park Road, W 14 evening of music and poetry, celebrating 50th birthday of the Nature Cure Clinic.

Tickets El. 00 before October 7th, (thereafter £1.35 N. C. C. 15 Oldbury Place, W1 OCTOBER 28th, Sat. Symposium on Health & Healing , Commonwealth Institute, W8 Tickets & Details Vegetarian Society, 53 Marloes Road, W8 (Cost £1.50) NOVEMBBa 23rd&24th, Thurs.&Fri„ ANIMALS FAIR, CHELSEA TOWN HALL,

*Offers * *of *help* and * *gifts( * which * * *can*be*brought * * to* Tuesday * * * socials) * * * urgently * * * needed.

BOURNEMOUT H GROUP - now meets on first Thursdays in the month, 7. 30 p. m. at Friends Meeting House .Wharncliffe Road, Boscombe.

NORTHERN IRELAND ollis is interested in forming a vegan group.

Please contact him at Belfast.

1 5

SALLY SHRIGLEY With the passing of Mrs. E. B. (Sally)Shrigley, the Vegan Society has lost one of its last links with early days of the Society, and also one of its greatest servers. She was a member of the pioneer group of vegetarians who, seeing the natural logic of the step, asked if they could start a sub-group of nonlacto vegetarians within the Vegetarian Society. On being turned down, they met in November 1944 in London and a new society soon to be called the Vegan Society was born.

As with a plant or a human being, the most vital time is the early formative period when the new life is at the mercy of the surrounding conditions and is struggling to establish itself. This was the time when Sally's contribution was made. After the founding work (of such as Donald Watson,.the Simmons & Hendersons)the direction of the Society for a long number of years was largely in the hands of Sally Shrigley. She was President from 1960 to 1963, and occupied at various times almost every other official position in the Society and her efforts and energies saw it through a most difficult period. She was also a great worker for her local branch of the Vegetarian Society.

It is not easy for those who join the Society now, when veganism is known and its principles are being regularly endorsed by living experience and the findings of clinical and experimental research, to appreciate the atmosphere of the earlier years when pioneer vegans faced a misunderstanding and unbelieving world which viewed their efforts with suspicion and often ridicule and hostility. Sally carried this burden with a confident smile - she knew that she was living proof.

J. S. LUISE DA VIES Members who knew our former secretary will be grieved to hear that she died recently. An appreciation of her work will be given in the next issue.

RESEARCH - URGENT Professor Dickerson and Miss Murch are continuing Dr. Frey Ellis' investigation into Vitamin D, Vitamin C and red cell fragility In vegans. Will any vegan who can visit Kingston Hospital (after an overnight fast) and give a blood sample before the end of October, please ring Miss Murch, Dept. Haemotology, Kingston Hospital, Kingston -upon- Thames, Surrey. Tel. 01 546 7711. Ex.54.

Anyone who proposes to do good must not expect people to roll stones out of his way, but must accept his lot calmly if they even roll a few more in it. A strength which becomes clearer and stronger through its experience of such obstacles is the only strength that can conquer them. " Albert Schweitzer.

1 6 I

The Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Dr. Turner has written with reference to the report in "The Vegan", Summer, 1978. on the talk he gave on 30th March, and has asked that a Tew corrections be made so we therefore submit this further summary.

American research workers have made the longest on-going studies and have found that one man in three in their society suffered a heart attack or stroke before the age of 60. There is no reason to doubt that the situation is similar in the U. K. During the last 8 years or so, 18 national working parties from many countries have reviewed the evidence on the relation between dietary habits and heart disease, and have reached a remarkably high (90-100%) agreement on the need to reduce both dietary cholesterol and saturated fats, for these encourage the build up of cholesterol plaques on arterial walls. Excessive consumption of meat, dairy products and saturated fats of all kinds, led to pathological changes in arterial walls that were associated with heart disease. Eggs were particularly high in cholesterol and adults habitually consuming a mixed diet should not take more than 3 weekly - children correspondingly less. This restriction was not necessary for vegetarians unless they consume more than one a day.

By saturated fats were meant those in which every carbon atom was linked with hydrogen atoms. This applied not only to fats of mammalian origin but to margarines in which fish and vegetable oils had been processed by having hydrogen bubbled through them.

All solid margarines were saturated but so were some that were soft.

It was necessary to read the label find choose one stating "high in polyunsaturates and free from cholesterol". Poly-unsaturated oils e. g. sunflower, safflower, corn and soya, helped to remove cholesterol from the blood stream.

Some vegetable fats such as coconut and palm oils were saturated, others such as olive oil were neutral and did no harm.

There was considerable evidence that pathological changes in arterial walls began in infancy and there was some evidence that breast-fed babies may be less susceptible. Human milk was four times as rich in poly-unsaturated fats as cow's milk and In formulae for babies cream was being replaced by vegetable fat. Skimmed and half-cream milk is readily available in America and can be obtained in Edinburgh. •

*

*

*

*

*

*

N. B. In answer to a question, Dr. Turner assured vegans that as they were not having cholesterol or saturated fats in other forms, the amounts they took from Tomor and Outline were not important. See the recipe pages for ideas of spreads made with oils and nuts that can replace margarine, but remember that margarine and plantmilks supply the vitamin D not found in plants, so if you do not have these it is even more essential to have plenty of sunlight.

1 7

AUTUMN MENU CELERY SOUP 1 pint water 10 oz. (outer stems)celery yeast extract to taste 6 oz. cooked potatoes and/or other vegetable left-overs Cut celery in ÂŁinch length and liquidize with other ingredients. Bring to boil and simmer for a few minutes. Add yeast extract.

STUFFED BUTTER BEAN ROAST 1 onion oil for frying fresh mint or herbs to taste Tastex to taste Soak butter beans overnight. Simmer until soft, In as little water as possible. Drain. Mash, removing hard bits of skin. Fry finely chopped onion in oil and mix with beans, oats or breadcrumbs and finely chopped mint or herbs. Roll out on grease proof paper.

Cover half with thick slices of tomato. Fold over other half. Bake for 25 minutes at 400°. ilb. butter beans Jib. breadcrumbs ilb. tomatoej

Serve with marrow, carrots, onion sauce and jacket potatoes.

BLACKBERRY AND SESAME MOUSSE 2 oz. sesame seeds 4 - 6 oz. blackberries 16 oz. water I flat tsp. agar agar Sugar to taste Liquidize sesame seeds and blackberries with the water.

Strain through fine sieve. Bring to boil, add sugar to taste. While simmering gently, shake in agar agar. (Hold teaspoon over simmering mixture and tap handle with fork so that agar agar falls bit by bit.

Whisk at intervals.) Simmer a few minutes. Put in cool place to set.

Serve with raw blackberries.

OAT MILK For a really cheap and easily obtainable and nourishing alternative to cow milk try liquidizing 2 oz. porage oats with 6 oz. water, strain and use with breakfast cereals and in coffee, tea and cocoa. This is at least as good in many ways as home made soya or commercially processed milks. Of course nothing will taste like cow milk - or cost the same in animal suffering.

OTHER IDEAS FOR COW MILK SUBSTITUTES WELCOMED AND WILL BE PUBLISHED NEXT ISSUE.

I N S T E A D OF M A R G A R I N E For people who find It difficult to get vegan margarine or who dislike the idea of using such a highly processed commodity, here are some recipes for easily made spreads using oil. Any good vegetable oil will do but cold-pressed Sunflower or Safflower is best nutritionally but some people find the flavour too strong. Oils lack the Vitamin D of butter and margarine so it is necessary to make sure you get enough sunlight to maintain a slight tan.

SWEET SPREADS BLACKBERRY AND SUNFLOWER SEEDS 2 oz. blackberries i oz. porage oats 2 oz. hulled sunflower seeds 1 teaspoonful oil Mash blackberries. Grind sunflower seeds and mix well with other ingredients. Other fresh fruit can be used in a similar fashion. Ground sesame seeds or nuts can be used instead of sunflower seeds. Try banana and cashew nuts.

DATE AND BRAZIL 2 oz. stoned dates few drops lemon 2 oz. Brazil 1 teaspoonful oil Simmer dates in as little water as possible for about ten minutes.

Mix well with other ingredients. A little porage oats can be added if mixture is too wet.

DRIED APRICOT AND SESAME SEEDS 2 oz. dried apricots 1 teaspoonful oil 1 oz. sesame seeds Method a s for Date and Brazil.

S A VOURY SPRE A D S SESAME & MINT. BRAZIL & CHIVES. SUNFLOWER & TOMATO HAZEL & CELERY. SESAME & PEPPERS. SUNFLOWER & ONION Mix ground nuts or seeds with finely chopped flavouring, moisten with oil to the desired consistency. Flavour with Tastex (instead of Barmene.)

N. B. Only if dried herbs are used for flavouring instead of above, will the mixture keep for more than a day or two.

1 9

T-HE ENFIELD B0UTI0UE ^ ^

123/5 Baker St., Enfield EN1 3HA (01-363 2982) YOUR OWN STORE FOR VEGAN COMMODITIES

where you will find hundreds of REAL vegetarian products including TOILET SOAPS, SHAMPOOS & COSMETICS of all (vegan)kinds made by ALO, BEAUTY WITHOUT CRUELTY, CHARLES PERRY, DEIMEL, JABLEY, LUSTY'S, McCLINTON'S, MODERN HEALTH, NATURAL WOMAN, PURE PLANT PRODUCTS, VEGECOS, WELEDA, YIN YANG etc.

AND CLEANING MATERIALS such as WASHING-UP LIQUID, HOUSEHOLD SOAPS, SPONGES, DUSTERS, TEA TOWELS, CAR POLISHERS, and the popular ENFIELD PLUS CHAMMY which does all that an animal washleather will do, wears better and costs far less. (NO price rise in five years! Probably a record?)

AND VEGAN COOKERY and other BOOKS. AND A selection of HEALTH FOODS (no pills or potions).

AND ARTISTS' BRUSHES. AND EDUCATIONAL, self-adhesive signs for Home, Shop, Club or Car "NO SMOKING PLEASE PEOPLE ARE BREATHING". (3 for 25p and stamp.)

PAY US A VISIT Test cosmetics, creams, soaps and perfumes without obligation. Browse among books, journals and free leaflets.

We are over ENFIELD TYRE CO. on the W8 'bus route, or 6 mins. walk from ENFIELD TOWN station - going North. The BOUTIQUE is OPEN on Mondays, Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays. (CLOSED on Tuesdays and Wednesdays.)

If you cannot call, shop at home in comfort and with confidence.

Just send 10 pence (stamps will do) and a largish 7 pence stamped addressed envelope for leaflets, price lists and order forms.

Why not help yourself and the cause by supporting this VEGAN ENTERPRISE, all the profits from which help the Society to spread the message of veganism.

IDEAL FOR

CHRISTMAS

GIFTS

SHOP EARLY BEFORE PRICE RISES 2 0

NOW-THE TASTIEST OF TASTY SPREADS

NATEX SAVOURY Give meal times extra appeal for all your family-with delicious Natex Savoury Spread - pure and appetising. Enjoy it on toast, in sandwiches, and add it to soups, stews, hot-pots and gravies for extra tasty flavour. Another Modern Health Product, in 5 oz jars, from your Health Food Store.

Enjoy life to the full with MODERN HEALTH PRODUCTS Modern Health Products Ltd., Davis Road, Chessington, Surrey.

2 1

THE LONG R O A D BACK " . . . . Love every leaf, every ray of light. Love the animals, love the plants, love each separate thing." - Dostoevsky.

I came to be a vegan by intuition, and for many reasons. I was born into a loving family, in London. One day I woke early and went downstairs, and there on the kitchen floor was my lovely black-and-white kitten, that I had adored, lying with her throat ripped open. Savaged, it turned out, by a big Manx cat that had got in by the window. A brutal shock for a three-year-old: it was the start of pain, and compassion.

My next sharp memory is not one but many - in early schooldays, when passing a butcher's in the high street. It was heavily hung with skinned and bloody carcasses. In revulsion, to escape the sight and smell, I held my breath and ran quickly past.

At 12, I was taken to a dairy-farm. How to describe my feelings when we saw the cows milked? (It was, indeed, not unlike being asked to suckle at the teats of a cowl) Anyway, it affected me enough to refuse milk and all dairy products. My mother, though sensitive herself, took me to the doctor. He suggested Horlicks. The joke was on me, for unaware of its milk base I liked the taste and the novelty of mixing it. In any case,growing up, busy with school and extra studies and i n t e r e s t s , a s time passed I forgot to be vegan.

At nineteen I married and in a few years divorced. I raised my daughter as an omnivore, though while pregnant I had been in a sorry state and the doctor, a rosy-faced man who did his rounds on a bicycle had specified a meatless diet.

Through fraught years leading to war and beyond, my love of the arts was a spur and family ties upheld me, while beset healthwise, and groping for truth. So to 1958, and Brighton, where, depleted after an operation and the death of my sister, I was revived by the superb air and made plans for a future. But alas, I was stricken before long with acute arthritis - In hands, feet and main joints. Treatment was so hit-or-miss, and with side-effects, that I abandoned it and acted on advice I'd read in a Nature Cure Journal. It took persistence, but I won through and an article of my own on the subject appeared in the same journal.

In 1961, for various reasons at an all time low, I bought some steak it seemed to choke me. By this time I'd moved to Worthing, and some older relatives lived there, Theosophists who had turned vegetarian. I went to meetings and one day Eva Batt came to lecture on "Beauty Without Cruelty. " So I took the next step and became a full lacto-vegetarian and spent three happy months helping Isabel (then James) at Rothay Bank, Grasmere. There I met some interesting people -Dr. Frank Wokes, Nina Horsali and Michael Fryer (of the Campaign Against All Cruelty to Animals). Later I spent a few months 2 2

at St Christopher's School, Letchworth. I then embarked on two new careers: textile designing and acting (the latter had always been my goal), Travel was involved but I did not waver in my vegetarianism.

Still more ill health was to come, gallstones, requiring a second operation, and thyrotoxicosis (a slow-recovery illness) in 1971. I was complimented on "a remarkable recovery", but it took a few years in all. Besides hospital, I had consulted the Nature Cure Clinic and had been put on a butterless diet, with white of egg only.

As 1971 drew to a close I saw "The Philpot File", a documentary on intensive farming. It made a deep impact. The person on whose television I viewed it, also watched, but said: "I try not to think about it". Typically ostrich-like. Churchill spoke of " . . . . broad, sunlit uplands, or a new dark age . . . . " I thought, "This is^ a Dark Age. " 1974 found me subject to stress and damp in my riverbank flat. I went to the Tyringham Clinic, a "wreck". They prescribed a 60 per cent raw-food diet, and were quite wonderful.

I met well known vegans in Wimbledon and Surbiton. I studied relaxation, Yoga, Medau, Radiesthesia and lectured to various groups on vegetarianism.

In 1976, I joined the Vegan Society. This way of life so obvious and simple had been staring me In the face all along.

I became free from sub-conscious guilt feelings; aware instead of the unity of all life. We are as cells In the body of the universe and the malaise of the one affects the whole. That "the whole world is groaning with death, of men and animals" was never more true. Millions of man-bred creatures are viciously exploited for so many purposes, with profit and greed as the watchwords. Yet as Lady Muriel Dowding said "What greater sin is there than cruelty, especially in its most brutal form when against an animal that is helpless and at the mercy of mankind".

Dairy-food and beef are twin tragic errors. Neither is necessary: human anatomy and the evidence of third generation vegans prove this. They are addictions, the result of strange "darknesses of the mind" that keep us enslaved along with the creatures in increasing degradation. We do not have to employ others to do concentration-camp tasks so that we may eat. A vegan world will provide other more felicitous work.

Veganism must become widespread - for peace and very survival.

It is up to each of us to foster this reform which has in its wake a host of other movements. Let us seek and teach the truth about ourselves in relation to the environment and all life and - supremely important - the desperate need for compassion. I am confident it is man's destiny to be vegan - it was our origin!

Doris Celnik 2 3

I MEET A LIVING LEGEND IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE Living Legends never turn out to be how you imagine them. This one was called Ronnie Lee and he was wearing a toy policeman's helmet as he spoke to us in Trafalgar Square on Saturday, 27th May, on the very first Animal Rights Day. Vegan friends had told me about him . . . "Ronnie Lee is inside again", they said. "Oh really," I replied but not feeling too badly about it because I did not know him then. But now I do know Ronnie Lee and find the world a brighter and kindlier place because of his presence in it. If you would like to write him a word of encouragement please do so at: Animal Liberation, P.O. Box 190, Peace News, 8 Elm Avenue, Nottingham.

Years ago I used to think of the R. S. P. C. A. as rather a wishy-washy Society but have changed my mind about them very much over the past year.

And on Animal Rights Day John Bryant and Mike Seymour-Rouse proved my point by speaking out against the export of live food animals and publicly denouncing this Government for allowing it to continue despite countrywide protest. They praised Robin Corbett M. P. and Frederick Burton M. P. for the part they are playing in an attempt to ban this trade, and by the time you read this article it may well be banned.

A Hindu speaker whose name I can not pronounce let alone spell was very impressive and spoke with great sincerity about vegetarianism being the only true way of life. "We want you all to be vegetarians", he called to us and unison hundreds of voices called back, "We are! We are! " He then suggested that we wrote to Prime Minister Desai of India to thank him for having a ban put on the export of monkeys from his country when he was told they they end up in vivisection laboratories in the West.

John Alexander Sinclair was another impressive speaker for The International League of Animal Rights, followed by speakers from Hunt Sabateurs, The League Against Cruel Sports, The Cosmetic Consumer Group, and Animal Welfare in India. Maria Hennesey spoke about circus animals particularly elephant exploitation, and Alan Whittacker of B. U. A. V. was a marvellous speaker ready to challenge Parliament, the Nobility, and even Royalty if they belonged to the Huntin', Shootin' and Fishin' fraternity.

The final speaker was Peter Roberts of Compassion in World Farming who commands respect with his commonsense outlook which is: If animals have got to die at least let them have a good life first, with pastures to roam in, earth under their feet and the sky above, and not cooped up in some dark shed with hardly room to turn round.

As the meeting closed we were thanked by the organiser, Laura Gedden-Smith, and she expressed the hope that we would all meet together next year on Animals Rights Day 1979. We will of course and should be glad to have you join us. Please come along, we need your support but more to the point the animals desperately need your support.

Doreen Craddock 2 4

C & b j m & 9 »

1978

Vegans cannot fail to be aware of the extra animal suffering caused by conventional Christmas celebrations. It is good to be able to show friends that feasting need not involve slaughter. The festive recipe pages published in the Winter "Vegan" 1977 can be obtained in leaflet form by sending lOp to the Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey. They will not be in the Winter 1978 issue.

We hope members will help the Society by buying gift books from us. We will send promptly direct to any address given.

First choice of course is "WHAT'S COOKING?" the comprehensive cookery book and food guide by Eva Batt. £2.40 post free.

Then we suggest:IN LIGHTER VEIN by Eva Batt; illustrated by Jill Bennet. Verses to amuse and arouse compassion - especially in the young - in years and heart.

Special Xmas offer 50p post free.

SA LADINGS written and illustrated by Mabel Cluer. Choosing and using the fresh foods around us. Special Xmas offer 55p post free.

FOOD FOR A FUTURE by Jon Wynne Tyson. Nearly sold out - probably your last chance to get this paperback edition of the most clear and comprehensive case for veganism yet published. 95p & 15p p and p.

ANIMAL LIBERATION by Peter Singer. A powerful plea to your friends to be active for the animals and to activists to face the challenge of veganism. £1. 95 plus 15p p and p.

ALSO FOR SALE:INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL VEGANISM with basic recipes 25p FIRST HAND: FIRST RATE A recipe booklet especially written for those seeking to live as far as possible on the food they grow themselves 40p VEGAN MOTHERS AND CHILDREN Accounts by 10 vegan mothers on bringing up children the vegan way 38p PIONEERS OF THE NEW AGE Accounts by 12 vegans of long standing on how they fared through the years P Vegan Badges 60p + S. A. E. Pendants 55p + S. A. E. T ^ f f TO THE SECRETARY, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, England.

Please send items ticked above to: NAME I enclose Cheque/P. O. for ADDRESS 3 0

ALL PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE. (They cover unsealed rate for abroad.

Sealed is very much more. Please use International Money Orders or send extra to cover bank charges, which can be 75% of the amount!)

fttrrcHW, Have you met VEGAN VERA yet ? She appeared complete with picture in "News & Views" the newsheet produced by Unigate for their millions of customers. She was said to be "quiet and passive. She hates wars and fighting and disapproves of killing of any kind. There is no real problem about Vera's eating pattern as long as she is sensible about it' Why should Unigate give us such free publicity ? ? ? ?

Then there is the row over free milk for school children Some local education authorities are refusing to take up the Government's offer to supply this again. Marjorie Cleal of the Stop Factory Farming League used the occasion of a demonstration by farmers to enlighten people about the facts of life and death of the cow and her calves. Dr Buisseret Lecturer in Medicine, Guy's Hospital Medical School, came out on the RadioWorld at One, August 8th, with some amazing statements. "Far better to provide our children with a free apple or orange than milk designed for the sucklings of another species. The drinking of cow's milk is a grotesque method of nourishment and has been clearly implicated in the aetiology of a number of health problems, including obesity, coronary heart disease, arterial thickening and related cardiovascular disorders. " ANIMAL ACTIVISTS have been busy throwing the torch light of publicity on many kinds of animal abuse. They are attracting support from abroad and have had news coverage in New Zealand and Australia. Write and ask for details of opportunites to help.

P.O.Box 6, Crowborough, Sussex.

ANIMAL AID

" set up a little over a y e a r ago because we felt there was a need to put the facts

about Animal Experimentation and Factory Farming squarely before the public.

We concentrate on these two issues becuase we consider them to be by far the worst aspects of animal exploitation in the world today, owing to the numbers of animals involved and the extreme suffering to which they are subjected.

To this end we are organising a series of twenty four demonstrations in and around London during the next few months. We choose venues where large crowds will gather, for example main line stations during the evening rush hour the Royal Albert Hall in the Proms season and busy high streets at peak shopping times. We display large banners and distribute thousands of leaflets. There has been heartening support Write for leaflets "Guide Lines for Action" and'How to org organise something in your part of the country." Jean Pink, Tonbridge.

The Vegan Society is willing to supply leaflets providing the demonstrators are committed to non-violence. Descending to violence may give relief to the demonstrator but it does not help the animals or any cause. If you cannot trust yourself to be non-violent in word and deed, then don't go on a demo.

K.J. 2 6

WHERE DO YOU DRAW THE LINE ?

Whoever starts to cultivate a garden will soon find himself in fierce competition with many other creatures. Birds can pick up a row of seeds or peas you have just planted as though you had put them out specially for them.

The omnipresent slug will secretly fatten himself on every green thing that peeps through the ground and you will be tempted to echo the words of Hilaire Belloc - "I love all creatures great and small, the slug I love him least of all!"

It Is not enough to think that we will leave them a proportion of our crops. Unless we take early action, we will have no crops at all. The ordinary slug pellets are harmful to birds and even cats and dogs and should be avoided but there is a slug destroyer by Fertosan which is harmless to other creatures. The kindest way is to collect your slugs in a jam jar and remove them to some convenient waste land. A tidy gardener of course will avoid those piles of wood, stone and debris which form the slug's habitat and thus control their population.

Have we a right to dictate the population level of any creature? As soon as we stake out a plot of ground and claim it for food production, we start to regulate other forms of life. Some we will welcome as friends (the ladybirds, hoverfly and perhaps a hedgehog) because they are our allies against insects which destroy our produce. We take steps to exclude rabbits, moles and other competitors for our food supply. Man was once a gatherer of fruits, nuts and anything else that grew naturally, but this has become impossible at present population levels, let alone the population anticipated by the end of the century.

Man is the dominant creature of the earth and this imposes on him a duty to act intelligently towards the other creatures. Vegans set an example in this understanding by showing that there is no need to exploit the higher animals for food and clothing. We have to further our ecological knowledge so that we can encourage a harmonious pattern of nature. We no doubt have a right to keep slugs under control. Why should they inherit the earth? But we need not wage a ruthless war of extermination against them or any other creature we consider harmful to our plans. A sense of balance and tolerence are necessary. Harmlessness Is to be followed wherever possible but we cannot live without harming some small creature. When you eat a cabbage you deprive a caterpillar of its food.

The problem Is really insoluble. There is nowhere we can draw the line and say we are living without causing harm to any creature. We can only endeavour to live within Schweitzer's concept of "reverence for life", never willfully or thoughtlessly taking or hurting life. We must seek, especially as gardeners, to understand the subtle workings of nature and be ever conscious of the eternal creative process of life.

Harry Mather

LETTERS

DIFFERENT IN INDIA ?

I know families with their own cow, very dearly loved, no land they own however; the female calves are kept or given as presents to marrying daughters, for example, the male calves given away (not sold)to be trained for work. The whole (human)family is in tears when a calf leaves. One male calf found his way back after a few weeks and there was a happy reunion and he was allowed a prolonged visit, till next sad parting. from an Indian member SAVE THE COW There is now much hue and cry over protection of the cow and ban on cow slaughter, and there are assurances from the Government. But 1 have not so far seen any concrete programme for the protection of the cow (which naturally produces males and females almost equally). On the other hand, all the measures encouraged by the Government only tend to eliminate the cow. Mechanisation of agriculture is encouraged and even forced upon farmers. This involves tractors and there is no place for the bull. With the co ning of artificial insemination, even stud bulls have no place to go to but the slaughterhouse.

There is no need to preach love for the cow to our villagers who love it to the point of veneration. To mention an example, a ryot in our village who fed his pair of bulls with his own hands every day and slept by their side during the nights, lost his mind when he was forced to sell them due to financial difficulties. He was always seen sitting at the spot where he used to tie his bulls, muttering to himself. Gradually he pined away and died due to his grief.

I am a ryot with over 30 head of cattle, all born in my house. I love them and they love me. But the problem that puzzles me is, what I should do with them ; I am writing this with the hope of getting a real and concrete solution to the problem from somewhere, instead of mere slogans and sermons. from an Indian newspaper.

WHAT WOULD YOU DO ABOUT RABBITS? I have a fairly promising cabbage patch with possible source of winter greens, and we have had plentiful salads home grown this summer so far.

1 wonder how much food I could have grown if the local farmers did not relentlessly keep down the rabbits and pigeons? Of course, I hate the idea but have to face it that unless pests are kept under control I could grow nothing.

I^do not shoot rabbits but if I find a rabbit hole I insert with a thin stick a small piece of cloth with a few drops of Renardine on it. This makes the rabbitfamily flit elsewhere. It works equally well with moles, mice, voles etc. It is perhaps a mean trick but one has to defend one's crop as best one can.

Apologies to R. Watkin whose Cleveland Hood name was given as Watling on these pages last issue. K. J. 30

HENS . . . AND EGG MACHINES

Apart from the slaughter Inseparable from all domestic animal Industries, there Is the evil of the confusion and perversion of instincts. For example man has turned hens into laying machines. The wild form of the domestic hen, known as the Red Jungle Pbwl, lays only 5-7 eggs in a series and may do this only once a year. She will not usually lay eggs unless she has a mate - with rare exceptions unfertilised eggs do not occur in the wild.

Having mated, the female Red Jungle Fowl will choose a nest site and lay an egg daily until she has a comfortable number to sit on. She will incubate and hatch her eggs and care for the young. She can lay extra eggs to replace lost ones but the food material required to go into a clutch of eggs regulates the number produced. By feeding and by removing eggs continually, man has induced hens to lay a long series through most of the year.

(Condensed from letter from Dawn Rock who got her information from the British Museum.)

VEGAN LAND PROJECT We now have some land by the Orwell estuary in East Anglia. It is owned by Lydia and Eric of Concord Films who are pleased to have it put to good use. We are living on a caravan site nearby. Anyone who wants to join us could buy a caravan on the same site (prices from ÂŁ1, 500). You are welcome to visit any time you like or come to a regular meeting which will be held at noon on the 2nd Saturday of each month. Please send S. A. E. if you want to be kept in touch with developments and send any help you can.

Bob Howes, 23 Alnesbourne Caravan Site, Nacton, Ipswich, Suffolk.

Further ideas for E A T I N G O U T :SUNWHEEL 3 Chalk Farm, London NW1 (opposite Camden Lock) 01-267 8116 have just opened a restaurant and happy to serve vegans. 12 -3 p. m. but probably evenings too,soon.

MANDEER (Indian ) 21 Hanway Place, Hanway Street, London W1 (Tottenham Court Road Tube Station) 323 0660. Open 6-10 & Mon. -Fri. 12 -3 Closed Sunday.

THE SECRET GARDEN 3&4 St Michaels Road, Croydon, Surrey. Mon.-Fri. 12-3. Sat. 11.30-4.

NUTTERS 8 St Marys Road, Southampton. Tel. 26004 Tues. Wed. Thurs .

12-2.30, 6-9. Fri.-11 Sat. 12-11. Closed Sundays & Mondays

I,

" And feed me not I pray thee, in any shape or form on that which hath had breath, and the pangs of fear and suffering borne as death it met, to satisfy man's craving. For not alone man's body doth flesh pollute but also doth the mind intake the thoughts of fear such cruelty hath roused." (from "The Voice o George, Bexhill, 29

.

SHOPPING WITH EVA

Now for some good news.

Direct Foods We are very pleased to have the assurance from this Company that ALL their foods, including BOLOGNESE, are now vegan.

Beech Nut Baby Foods Many items from this wide range are vegan and these are marked with a 'U' symbol on the glass jar. Although we cannot recommend any but fresh, unprocessessed foods for our babies, there may be times, when travelling for instance, when this is not possible and a commercially prepared food be of temporary use. At least the Beech Nut Foods contain no added salt or sugar, no preservatives, no BSG or other flavour enhancers, no artificial flavours or colours.

New. De Stordeur cold pressed oils from Belgium. SUNFLOWER, Maize (corn) oils. In 3/4 litre cans from Health Food Stores.

Colman Foods Jif Dessert Toppings.

Eliko Dist. PAREVE-MATE coffee whitener. SIMCHA MARGARINE and Cooking Fat. Unit D, Ashley Works, Ashley Road, London N. 7.

Granose *YEX Yeast Extract.

Israel Edible Products TELMA VEGETABLE SOUP MIX. Kellogs CRACKLIN' BRAN. NOT VEGAN Bergene Marzipan Chocolate no longer vegan. (Listed in the Vegetarian Handbook)

Allinson - Carcfc Coated Biscuits, listed in the Summer issue of "The Vegan" in e r r o r .

Please delete from your copy.

Also, in the last issue, Granary Foods were mistakenly named as the distributors of Barmene. This Company is, in fact, the manufacturer, and the original producer.

VEGAN Toiletries VEGA Shaving Brushes.

The first, as far as we know, nonbristle shaving brush. Made by Culmak and distributed by Addis. This brush costs considerably less than the usual hog or badger bristle one. Comment from a member who has been testing a pre-launch sample for nine months. "They are excellent in every way and certainly better than any bristle brush I have used in the past. " Household VILEDA Window cloths, Car cloths, Floor cloths, Bath cleaners, Pan scourers, Dusters and Dishcloths.

3 0

HIDES INTO LEATHER

Footwear N e w s

The knowledge that whale oil, particularly Sperm Whale Oil, is widely used in the process of making animal skins into usable leather has been a source of considerable concern to many people recently.

Then, when the news that an alternative had been discovered it gave hope that the manufacturers could be persuaded to change from whale oil to this vegetable product, JOJOBA OIL. However, the latest news, which comes to us through the courtesy of Beauty Without Cruelty who have been making extensive enquiries, is that Jojoba oil is not commercially available. Indeed, only a small quantity is produced on some Indian Reservations, for their own use.

We understand that the Israelis are attempting to grow the plant in their desert areas but so far with little success for they are unable to supply the British Leather Federation with even a small quantity for testing in this country.

Although the importation of all whale products has been banned in the U.S.A. , leather products - shoes etc. - in that country are still being processed with Sperm whale oil from the large stocks in strategic reserve.

It is thought that this can continue for some time, and if, by that time, jojoba oil is being produced in commercial quantities, it is unlikely to be exported.

The latest hope for the whale population lies with the mineral oil processors. The British Leather Manufacturers' Research Association are prepared to investigate any alternatives offered by oil processors. The latter will act if and when enough people show that they are interested in the fate of the whales. We must hope that a visible alternative of some kind will be found while there are still some of these gentle giants left in the seas, and the sooner the better.

With the increasing awareness of whale exploitation, in particular the Sperm whale oil for processing leather, many people other than vegetarians are interested in avoiding the use of leather and an increasing number of footwear manufacturers are voluntarily marking their products with the materials used.

This development, which we have been urging for years, is a great improvement and we suggest our readers support only those companies so marking their footwear.

For details of comfortable, British made non-leather shoes by mail order, write to Messrs Industrial Footwear at Rockliffe, Bacup, Lanes. These are what we would describe as 'sensible' rather than high fashion shoes, and therefore, In this respect, superior. The kind we can not only recommend, but would wear ourselves.

3 1

SHOPPING WITH JANNELINE Appleford's GRAVY MIX. * TVP FOODS Brooke Bond/Qxo All Haywards PICKLES C.P.C. AROMAT. Knorr APPLE SAUCE. MA ZOLA OIL. DEXTROSOL. Itona GRANNY ANN High Fibre Biscuits and all Itona Health Food Products.

Heinz FARMHOUSE ONION SOUP, LOW CALORIE TOMATO SOUP. PINEAPPLE, TOMATO JUICE. Strained Baby Foods: CARROTS and LENTILS. T. Lucas *A11 'SOLUS' Textured Soya Protein Foods.

Morga VEGETABLE CONCENTRATE with Sea Salt. NOT the salt free kind, which contains milk sugar.

Petty Wood 'EPICURE' HEALTH Mincemeat, STANDARD Puddings, EXCLUSIVE puddings. (Standard Mincemeat is not vegan.)

Cadbury T.yphoo Cadbury's CHOCOLATE SPREAD. Bournville COCOA, Cadbury's DRINKING CHOCOLATE. Rowntree's COCOA Powder.

Rowntree/Mackintosh: Cremola FOAM CRYSTALS, CREMOLA RICE, PUDDING Mixtures.

RHM Foods BISTO and ONION BISTO. Quorn SAUCE Mixes. Sharwood's Complete CURRY SAUCE MIX. Prewett's MUESLI BASE S. Mayall & Son MUESLI & MUESLI BASE Jordons MUESLI BASE Safeway LOW FAT SPREAD M. E. Dyna Foods Vegetable oils: SOYABEAN, OLIVE, RAPESEED, GROUNDNUT, CORN, SUNFLOWER. Scandinavian Suppliers Ideal ULTRA THIN FLATBREAD, Ideal WHOLE GRAIN FLATBREAD. Gundersen SCANDINAVIAN BRAN CRISPBREAD. Syljan SWEDISH ROUND CRISPBREAD. Fox's GLACIER MINTS and FRUITS Not vegan: Polo Mints.

Miscellaneous Garotto FERTILISERS, COMPOST ACTIVATOR. Alex. Duckham MOTOR OILS, GEAR OILS, AUTO GREASES. 3.M. (U.K.) SILICON CARBIDE PAPER. COPYING PAPER. 3 2

MEDICINAL PRODUCTS Raynew & Pennycook BREWERS YEAST TABLETS, MOLASSES & YEAST TABLETS, BIOFLAVINOIDS COMPLEX TABLETS, ROSEHIP TABLETS, SUPER VIT. C POWDER, DOLOMITE TABLETS, SEAWEED TABLETS, SEAWEED POWDER, COMFREY TABLETS, COMFREY POWDER, COMFREY TEA, WHEAT GERM OIL, SUNFLOWER SEED OIL. "Seahorse" Seaweed Products: CARRAGEEN packets, DILLISK packets, DILLISK powder," SEAWEED FOOD SUPPLEMENT, KELP tablets, SEAWEED MEAL for domestic animals.

TOILETRIES "Seahorse" Seaweed Products: SEAWEED FOOTBATHS, SEAWEED SHAMPOO, SEAWEED BATHS.

Weleda GARGLE and MOUTHWASH, HERBAL CONDITIONER, HERBAL SHAMPOO, LEMON SHAMPOO, ROSEMARY CREAM CONDITIONER, ROSEMARY and CAMOMILE SHAMPOO, WILD HERB HAIR LOTION, Massage balm.

NOT VEGAN Euthymol Toothpaste - contains animal glycerin Weleda Toothpaste - could be either kind of glycerin Weleda Iris Hand Care, Moisturiser.

Sarakan Toothpaste Chefaro Products in the Endocil range Burmah Castrol - Sperm oil used in motor oils Furniss & Co. - biscuits contain honey and maybe bone charcoal Yorkshire Biscuits - Hand Baked Biscuits Marks & Spencer - St. Michael confectionery Nabisco Teabreak Dutch Rusks and all biscuits Health & Diet Food Co. Breakfast cereals - milk powder and/or honey Reckitt & Colman Gales Peanut Butter Yeoman Mashed Potatoes Yardley toiletries - animal dyes and milk products used. Janneline Reah ****************************************************************************

S T O P P R E S S from E V A _ A big thankyou to Janneline for the above and the good news that Waistline is now vegan. Messrs Crosse & Blackwell assure us that the emulsifier now being used contains no animal product.

ALSO all Mrs Horsfield's Biscuits are vegan with the exception of her diabetic biscuits.

A D V E R T I S E ME N T S Please send to the Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey by Nov. 1st for the next Issue. Rate - 4p a word. Box Number lOp extra.

"AHIMSA"- quarterly magazine of the American Vegan Society. Veganism Natural Living -Reverence for Life. Calendar year subscription -j5 8 or £4.00 includes 5 issues of North American Vegetarian Society's "Vegetarian Voice".

VEGAN FEMINIST into music, art, A. T., wildlife wants to live on an organic ferm.

• ^ M d M M y M i l M M i M I ^ H I W McLaughlin ANIMAL REFUGE SOCIETY. We are now a Registered Charity. At present we have 30 dogs, 27 cats and a pony all rescued from very distressing conditions. We have been carrying on this rescue work for over 20 years and ,to date, we have never asked for, or received help of any kind, but the food, heating and vet. bills are now so costly that we would welcome any assistance offered to us.

(E. A. McLaughlin, 22 Archway Road, Huyton, Mersey Side. - Member of the Vegan Soc. MAKE BREAD WITHOUT YEAST? Read: THE PRISTINE LOAF The theraBread. With recipes, from Healthfood Shops or: Roundhay, LEEDS 8. Send 50 pence inc. p & p.

VISIONS CATERING: vegan, wholefoods. Parties, conferences, etc. reasonable prices, unusual varied cuisine. 147 Archway Road, London N. 6.

Tel: 01-340 3349.

VEGFAM feeds the hungry via plant-based foodstuffs, leaf protein, seeds, irrigation, etc. Trustees, The Sanctuary, Lydford, Okehampton, Devon.

Visitors welcome. Tel: Lydford 203.

WANTED to buy or manage, small camping/caravan park, Giddings, 81 The Croft, Wembley, Middlesex. Tel: 01-904 4432.

APPLICATIONS ARE INVITED from young vegans or vegetarians to assist in the daily operations at PLAMIL HOUSE. Accommodation may not b e immediately forthcoming in Folkestone, so perhaps a couple may find It easier.

Apply: Plantmilk Ltd., Plamil House, Bowles Well Gardens, Dover Road, Folkestone, Kent. Tel: 0303 58588. This is worth while work in a very happy atmosphere.

WANTED a responsible person (female) able to drive car, keen on selfsufficiency, for part-time work on organic farm, in beautiful Welsh border region. Part-time companion to widow. Interest in music desirable.

Box No. 24.

GOOD QUALITY CYCLING PROMOTING T-SHIRTS, white only - printed front and back in red. Front says - "BIKE IT" in a large circle, back says "MY MACHINE IS QUIET AND CLEAN. BIKE IT". Small, medium and large. £2 each including p & p. (£1.75 ten or more) to B. Alford, Brentford & Chiswick F. O. E. c/o 44 Kew Bridge Court, London, W4 3AF.

URGENT - CATS -Tempo while owner is in India -

ee cats (separate homes) Reading.

VEGA NIC. Personable dedicated vegan needed for some secretarial work.

Free accommodation offered in return. Plenty of well paid job opportunities in the new city of Milton Keynes. S. A. E. for application form, please telephone: Milton Keynes 315917 or write, 73 Crispin Road, Bradville I, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire.

CRAFTS. Is there a vegan experienced in carpentry, pottery, basket making or wood carving interested in forming a small Craft Industry? Please write enclosing S. A. E. to Box No. 23

GRAVESEND ANIMAL RIGHTS GROUP are having an ANIMAL RIGHTS DAY in Gravesend, Kent, on Saturday, 14th October. Several groups will be on display at the Woodvllle Halls from 10.00 a. m. -5.00 p. m. . . . Veganism/ Vegetarianism/Anti-vivisection/Battery Farming/B. W. C. /Humane Research Trust/Followers of the Way, etc. There will be a 'taste-in' of vegetarian and vegan food (any contributions of savoury vegan/vegetarian food on the day will be most welcome). Richard & Carol, 38F Ground Floor Flat, South Hill Road, Gravesend, Kent.

VEGAN CAFE IN MANCHESTER. Anyone interested in spreading veganism by financially assisting our venture please write to M. Moore. 12 Douglas Road, Adswood, Stockport 3.

The front cover of the autumn issue of VEGAN VIEWS features a Chinese papercutting, sent to us by a reader from Singapore. Inside, there is ^AUTUMW I978i an article on spreading the vegan message through Aio rÂť education and non-violence, an article on solar energy - and a drawing of a very strange-looking vegan from the planet Vega! There are other articles, a mums and dads page, letters (three of which discuss the social difficulties that vegans inevitably face), poetry and artwork - all of which we try to put together in an informal and attractive way.

We are planning in a future issue to print a comprehensive list of animal welfare organisations in Britain, giving a little information about each.

We'd be glad to receive any information about various organisations - particularly those which are smaller and more obscure, which we might otherwise overlook.

A subscription to Vegan Views, which comes out quarterly, is ÂŁ1.00 for 4 Issues or, alternatively, send 25 pence (stamps will do) for the current issue. Our address is 12 Wray Crescent, London N4 3LP. Malcolm Horne

jiVEGANiiVlEWS

I

3 5

THE NATURAL HEALTH CLINIC NON-RESIDENTIAL

NECTINA

under the personal supervision of the Principal

concentrated ALMOND MILK 100% VEGAN. NO CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVE A DELICIOUS AND NATURAL DRINK ON ITS OWN. It can be used in tea or coffee.

Obtainable from Health Food Stores or direct by Post.

350 gTam can (6 pint size) for El. 20 postage paid 1000 gram can (16 pint size) for ÂŁ2.50 postage paid KERRYREDD LTD. , DEPT. TV. 30 BAKER STREET, LONDON W2M 2DS.

N O R M A N EDDIE I he clinic specialises in the Naturopathic approach to health problems including:

Gynaecology Arthritis Skin complaints Gastro Intestinal Degenerative Diseases and all forms of disease affecting the Nervous System.

H'/ir not write or telephone our receptionist for an appointment:-

THE NATURAL HEALTH CLINIC 133, GATLEY ROAD, GATLEY, CHEADLE, CHESHIRE SK8 4PD. Telephone: 061-428-4980

HOLIDAYS DEVON, Ilfracombe- "Fairwynds" Vegetarian Guest House offers healthful holidays with natural whole foods, compost grown produce and home baking. Vegans are welcome. Elizabeth Burton (V. C.A. Member) Tel. 62085.

NEWQUAY. Accommodation and self-catering facilities are available for up to three vegans /vegeta overlooking the harbour. No vacancies August. , Newquay, Cornwall TR7 1 EZ VEGAN/ VEGETARI iarming cottage on high road between Inverness and Nairn. Good tourist centre, walking, golf course, sea beach nearby. Guests welcome all year. Box No. 17.

VENTNOR, Isle of Wight. We have rooms to let in our house o a tmosphere, and good food on request.

Ventnor, Isle of Wight, (0983) 852112. *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

CORNWALL.

*

"WOODCOTE", THE SALTINGS, LELANT, ST. IVES. Tel: HAYLE 3147 * * *

Vegetarian/Vegan Holiday Centre overlooking Hayle Estuary. * C. H. and H. & C. in all rooms * SPIRITUAL HEALING by arrangement * (John Blackaller D. C. H. A.) ** Brochure * * * etc. * * from * *vegan * *Proprietors* * * * John * *& Miss * * Hazel * * Blackaller.* * * *

BEAUTY WITHOUT

CRUELTY

Natural Fragrant Flower Creations PERFUME : ROSE PETAL SKIN FRESHENER AVOCADO SATIN LOTION : PINE FOAM BATH LOTUS FLOWER SHAMPOO EYE MAKE-UP TOILET SOAPS : DEODORANT FACE POWDER & TALCUM CUCUMBER CLEANSING MILK & AFTER SHAVE NEW-. GENERAL PURPOSE SOAP & WASHING-UP LIQUID Obtainable from Health Stores or Beauty without Cruelty Boutiques In: ENFIELD . LEEDS . LONDON . EDINBURGH . DUNDEE & STANFORD (Lincolnshire)

BWC, 1 CALVERLY PARK, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT

MILK THAT'S NEVER EVER SEEN A COW!

]

It's 100% vegetable ... made from the soya bean and packed with protein and goodness. Its production involves no exploitation of animals. The flavour is quite delicious—all the family, particularly the children will love it. You can drink it on its own as a super health drink or use it on breakfast cereals, in coffee or tea or in dishes such as milk puddings and custards. What's more it will keep in the can just as long as you want to keep it. A wonderfully versatile and nutritious food ... Golden Archer Beanmilk by Itona. It's at your health food store.

'Golden Archer*

BEANMILK The

Milk That's

100%

Non-Animal

C R A N K S H e A L T H FOODS iimtltm wi 35 Castle Street ^uiUfwd fumy 13 R*s Street DartwutJi Ttovn 35 Hujh Strut Totrvi "Vc\vn

William Plaltf House AtonMlStna

Also CRANKS RESTAURANT IN HEAL'S, 196 TOTTENHAM COURT RD..

W.l.

CRANKS RESTAURANT, SHINNERS BRIDGE, DARTINGTON, DEVON.

PLAMIL

range is exclusively vegan

PLAMIL : DELICE SA-VREE: RICE PUDDING with SULTANAS: and new CAROB-EAN (CAROB SOYA PLAMIL) Please place a regular order with your

HEALTH STORE. Literature available—S.A.E. please.

PLAMIL FOODS LTD. Plamil House, Bowles Well Gdns. Folkestone, Kent