T H E VEGAN SOCIETY Founded
November,
1944
T h e Aims of the Society are : (a) T o advocate that man's food should be derived from fruits, nuts, vegetables, grains and other wholesome non-animal products and that it should exclude flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, honey, and animals' milk, butter and cheese. (b) T o encourage the production and use of alternatives to animal commodities. (c) T o extend and organise Veganism nationally and internationally, and to facilitate contacts between those endeavouring to follow the Vegan W a y of Life. All subscriptions and donations are devoted to further' ing these Aims, and no remuneration is paid to any Official of the Society.
All enquiries to THE S E C R E T A R Y , R Y D A L L O D G E . AMBLESIDE, W E S T M O R L A N D
THE Journal Editor:
VOL. ILL
V E G A N of The Vegan
Society
G. A L L A N H E N D E R S O N , R Y D A L LODGE,
SPRING, 1947
AMBLESIDE
No. 1
EDITORIAL The Vegan Society Constitution The supporters and others who were present at the recent Annual General Meeting learned that the Society has not yet adopted a set of Rules in accordance with the usual practice, and this shortcoming may be a surprise to some. It is, however, intended to remedy the situation so that the Society may be properly constituted, and there is enclosed with this issue a set of proposed Rules drawn up by the Provisional Committee for submission to the Special General Meeting to be held on March 15th. The Rules appear to be comprehensive and envisage the Society as having a long and increasingly influential career. One important effect is that the present categories of (a) Supporters (minimum 4s. per annum) and (b) Subscribers to " The Vegan " (2s. 6d. per annum) will be superseded by Members paying an annual minimum subscription of 5s. per annum, or Life Members making one payment of ÂŁ5. The Society will, of course, honour its obligation to post "The Vegan" during the current year to all those now on its register, and Supporters and Subscribers are invited to become Members on the expiry of their present remittances. Commencing with this issue, " The Vegan " is being offered to all Health Food Stores, Vegetarian Societies and others at the usual trade terms. Subscribers, who for any reason do not wish to become Members of the Society, should therefore be able to obtain future copies readily, although it is emphasised that membership is open to all interested in our aims and is not restricted to those who have adopted the Vegan W a y of Life. " The Four Pillars of Health " The "officials" of The Vegan Society have hitherto deliberately avoided making any claims that the adoption of the Vegan W a y of Life would in itself, result in complete health for the individual. The Society is primarily concerned with the cruelty,, exploitation and slaughter involved by the human consumption of animal food, and it advocates that this should be replaced by alternatives that can be
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produced naturally and humanely. That a measure of health improvement does nevertheless result is being continuously testified by practising Vegans. Many factors contribute to gaining and maintaining sound health, and sensible, natural food is only one of them. For a full discussion on these factors, a book entitled " The Four Pillars of Health," by Anthony M. Ludovici, can be warmly recommended. Several passages could, with advantage be reprinted in " T h e Vegan," but we have restricted ourselves to what the author has written regarding milk: this is a good example of the frankness and commonsense that permeates the entire book. " T h e Dark Citadel" It is frequently averred that a Vegan diet might be "all right for office workers and the like" but that it would not be adequate fo navvies, miners, bricklayers and other heavy workers. W e are not fully convinced, however, that all "manual labourers" do in fact expend as much energy in the course of a day as many a mother/housewife—or even a responsible business executive controlling staff and coping with a mass of harassing detail. Without the aid of science, a standard for comparison is difficult, but we are anxious to collect evidence from readers and would welcome particulars of heavy work achieved on a Vegan diet. As an example, this issue contains a short article by a Bevin miner who is an enthusiastic Vegan. His testimony supports our view that a diet in which a generous quota of unspoiled vitamins and mineral salts are present must be superior to one in which these have largely been destroyed. To miners and many others, however, this plain truth is not obvious, being obscured by walls of prejudice, habit, apathy, perverted tastes, faulty reasoning, vested interests. . . . WŽ are determined that these walls shall be breached, and it behoves all to take some part in the attack on " The Dark Citadel." " T h e Vegetarian " W e welcome the production of a new quarterly magazine bearing this name. Although produced without a profit motive, it will be quite a lavish affair, with many illustrations, and will deal with all aspects of Food Reform, from the practical to the philosophical. There is a distinguished array of contributors, among them Bernard Shaw, St. Barbe Baker, F. C. King, Beddow Bayly and Edgar Saxon —while Mrs. Henderson has been asked to provide a short article giving the Vegan point of view. The magazine is intended for all thinking men and women, particularly members of the Vegetarian Societies, of which there are over eighty, and of the many organisations, communities and societies having Food Reform among their aims and ideals. T h e No. 1 Spring Issue will be ready in March, price Is. 6d. G.A.H.
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SUGAR REFINING B y J . F . CRIDDLE
T N an article of mine which appeared in the January "Vegetarian Messenger," I said I would be pleased to answer any questions. The new Secretary of The Vegan Society has asked the first, and it is therefore appropriate that the reply should appear in this journal. Her question is: "How can we be sure that the sugar, syrup and treacle we purchase has been made without the use of animal charcoal?" Perhaps I should first explain that animal charcoal and vegetableactivated carbon have the peculiar property of absorbing colour riot only from sugar but from other products, so that after the refining process is completed there is not a trace of either kind of carbon left in the finished product: Imported raw sugar, such as Muscavado and Demerara, is produced without the use of charcoal. So far as I know, animal charcoal is not used in any beet sugar factory in this country or in Eire. There is one firm in England which refines cane sugar without the use of animal charcoal. It is The Sankey Sugar Co., Ltd., Earlestown, Lanes. They use only vegetable carbon for decolourising and produce good white granulated sugar. Black treacle is normally made in this country by washing the raw sugar crystals before the refining process starts, and it therefore does not come in contact with animal charcoal. I must, however, add that you really can never be .sure that any product coming from an ordinary British sugar refinery will not have come in contact with animal charcoal, more of which, by the way, is used in the manufacture of golden syrup than in any other product of the refinery. The amount of charcoal of any kind used is very small: a hundred tons of charcoal can be used to decolourise many thousand tons of sugar. It is revivified by burning and is used continuously. Dust is extracted in the process of burning and this amounts in weight to about tweny per cent per annum. This dust can be put to many manufacturing purposes, but, as it contains a large percentage of phosphates, it is usually sold to makers of patent manures or for direct application to the land. Good animal charcoal is supposed to be made from the shin bones of, bovine animals, but I believe any hard bones .are considered suitable. I once visited a factory where bones were burned but have no wish to visit another: the smell was abominable. .Yet, when you wear leather shoes you are involved in the slaughter .of animals to a much greater extent than when you consume sugar refined with animal charcoal. 'In conclusion, let me say. that it is quite unnecessary to use-any animal product in the refining of sugar: as a matter "of fact, the greater part of the world's sugar is' refined without it. The shoe problem'is-much more 'difficult' of 'solution. ' - 0 1 1 '
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THE MILK CONFERENCE was held at Friends' House, Euston, London, on November ^yjth, to discuss the possible production and distribution of vegetable milks, and the winter number of " The Vegan " detailed the speakers who took part. The Conference was extremely well attended, and emergency seating had to be brought in. Convincing speeches were given in support of the humanitarian, dietetic and medical reasons for replacing cow's milk by natural, humane alternatives. These in turn were described by the manufacturers present, who discussed the problems attaching to improved supplies. A f t e r the meeting, a new soya milk was served at tea, and aroused much interest, being one of the best non-animal milks so far produced. T h e Conference will be regarded as a milestone in the efforts to emancipate the animal kingdom from a cruel and unnecessary exploitation. N o one in possession of the facts could deny that dairy farming causes unavoidable suffering. Further, the Conference has encouraged manufacturers and research workers to produce a milk that is palatable and pure and which will offer man an opportunity of ridding himself of the disharmony -and disease resulting from the use of animal milk and its products. In particular, the Conference confirmed as entirely mistaken the general belief that babies could only be fed on milk intended for a calf but which man had wrongly purloined for his own purposes. W e hope to publish a full report on the Conference proceedings in pamphlet form. Meanwhile, a Committee was elected to follow up the possibilities suggested at the meeting. It is hoped that the new soya milk will shortly be available at Health Food Stores: being in powder form it is as easy to prepare as dried household milk and is suitable for most domestic purposes. Recipes and suggestions for use will be given in a future issue of " The Vegan."
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 1
1 THE Second Annual General Meeting of The Vegan Society was held in London on November 30th last, and there was a fair attendance. Mr. Frank V. N. Mitchell, who is Secretary 'of the London Vegan Group, was in the Chair. As already advised by card to Supporters and Subscribers, Mr. Donald Watson tendered his resignation from the offices he has held because of increased pressure of his professional work. He founded the Society in November, 1944, and for the past two years has rendered unstinted service in producing nine issues of "The Vegan News" or " The Vegan," and in acting in the joint capacity of Secretary and Treasurer. Speeches were made expressing appreciation of all he had done to have the cause of Veganism established in this country, and those present were pleased to learn that he will continue his connection'by contributing articles to " T h e Vegan."
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To mark their gratitude for his splendid efforts, the Meeting unanimously elected Mr. Watson to be First President of the Society, which office he duly accepted. Mrs. Fay K. Henderson was appointed Secretary of the Society, and continues her work as Organiser, while Mr. G. Allan Henderson was appointed Treasurer and also Editor of " The Vegan." It was decided to call a Special General Meeting in the spring to consider and adopt a set of Rules which would form the Constitution of the Society, and, until then, the following were appointed as a Provisional Committee: The President, the Secretary, the Treasurer, Mr. Bernard Drake, Miss D. I. Maclachlan, Mr. Frank Needham, Mr. Frank V. N. Mitchell, Mr. A. Hy. Haffenden, Mrs. K. V. Mayo and Mrs. E. B. Shrigley. (Mr. Haffenden has since tendered his resignation.) The Meeting closed with a vote of thanks to the Chairman for presiding over the proceedings.
REPORT BY THE TREASURER T the recent Annual General Meeting, Mr. Donald Watson, having intimated his resignation from the Secretaryship of the Society and the • Editorship of " The Vegan," announced that he wished to make a donation of £5 to the Society, and those who were present conveyed their appreciation of his gesture. During the actual handing over of the books and records the following day, the new Treasurer expressed diffidence at accepting this sum from Mr. Watson, who surely had already contributed a great deal. Then a new thought came to the Treasurer: "Will you become our first Life Member?" and Mr. Watson agreed. This alternative form of membership has therefore been embraced in the proposed Rules, and several others have already decided to avail themselves of this opportunity to help the Society financially. Other Life Members would be very welcome at this juncture, for the Society is anxious that lack of funds should not hamper its activities. A t the time of writing, we have only a small sum in hand —insufficient to meet the cost of this number, and there are three more issues to be published, for which subscriptions have already been paid. Furthermore, there are several pamphlets ready for publication by the Society as soon as funds permit, while other avenues of work, such as Organisation and Propaganda, require to be financed. During recent months there have been steady increases in the cost of labour and material in the printing trade. This factor, combined with the inclusion of photographs and the addition of extra pages, brought the cost of the winter issue of " The Vegan " up to ninepence per copy. After consideration, the Committee felt it would be wiser to increase the selling price to ninepence rather than lower the standard of our journal. G.A.H.
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THE IMPORTANCE OF BREAST FEEDING • T h e f o l l o w i n g is reprinted from the book " T h e Four Pillars o f ' H e a l t h , " * by A n t h o n y M. Ludocivi, w h o has kindly permitted this extract. A r e f e r e n c e to the book is made in the Editorial.
an instance of how rigidly specific Nature has made the first AS food of all mammalian species, let us consider milk. It is often thought by laymen, and for a long while was even thought' by scientists, that' the milk of the mammalia is an interchangeable product which may- at will be taken from the female of any species and fed to the young of any other. A priori the idea would seem to be wrong, because it is difficult to see how, for instance, the milk of a grass-feeder can have the same qualities as that of a meat-eater. But modern science rules out so rigidly any appeal to a. priori reasoning that again and again the world has: been left, against its better judgment, to labour along in the grossest errors, until after much delay it has at last been informed by science that its a priori judgment was correct. Put your child of six months to the dug of a goat, an ass, or a cow, and immediately your vision tells you that the thing is monstrously wrong, offensively unnatural! If, however, every morning you receive the milk of a goat, an ass, or a cow, in a clean, neatly labelled bottle, the connection between your infant and the lower animal is not so obvious—in fact, it is so successfully disguised that it has to be deliberately pondered over in order to be appreciated. A n d yet Nature does, of course, provide for differences between the milk of distinct species, and to mix them up, or distribute them, indiscriminately, as man once thought he could do, is as monstrous as the spectacle of your child at the animal's dug. In human milk, for instance, three substances—tryptophan, lecithin and calcium (to mention only the most obvious)—are present in verydifferent proportions from those known to exist in the milk of the cow. A n d if we compare the tasks which have to be performed by human and cow's milk respectively, this will not seem strange. Cow's milk has, in a few months, to rear an animal relatively big of bone, small of brain and not too highly or delicately organised. In a few months, also, human milk has to rear a creature relatively small of bone, large of brain and so highly organised that the perfection of its senses and bodily controls has made it the master of the world. Unless, in this matter alone, Nature has departed singularly from her customary method of suiting her provisions to the requirements, how could cow's and human milk be inter-changeable? As a matter of fact, cow's milk contains more calcium than "is needed by a young human being; it contains, too little lecithin, which-is a brain-cell builder, and- although it contains more protein than human milk, it does.not contain the relatively high proportion of that; very high-
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•grade form of protein, tryptophan, on which human young depend for their development, including, of course, that of their intricate endocrine equipment. Think of the consequences of these three differences alone if . the human breast be denied to infants as it is to-day in England in about 66 per cent of cases! If there can be little doubt about Progress in so far as it relates to stupidity, and if disturbances of the endocrine glands, causing not merely endocrine inbalance but also such disorders ' as cretinism, diabetes, virilism (in girls), pituitary deficiency, etc., are increasing by leaps and bounds, are we not justified in ascribing much of this abnormality to the unwarranted belief that specific mammalian secretions are inter-changeable? Are we not, moreover, justified in condemning all those influences, political, sociological and sentimental, which have led women to believe that they can be mothers and at the same time fail to perform an important maternal function? A t the present moment in this country, as Dr. A. F. G. Spinks has said: "Bottle-feeding of infants was rampant, and unless the craze was checked, England would become a bottle-fed nation." This remark was made sixteen years ago. But let no one suppose that •conditions have improved since. The indications point rather to the conclusion that they have grown worse. Eight years after Dr. Spinks' remarks, for instance, The Lancet estimated that in England probably only 27.6 per cent of middle-class and 38.8 per cent of working-class women suckled their children for six months or longer. And yet it is a well-established fact that breast-feeding, as anyone with a spark of intelligence might have guessed, is the best possible form of nourishment for infants, and statistical reports abound in which breast-fed babies are shown to flourish and survive in far greater numbers than babies reared on artificial foods. If current trends remain unaltered, there can be little doubt that the present low rate of breast-fed babies in this country is likely to decline yet further, and this despite the fact that such unnatural treatment of their offspring by modern mothers is recoiling oh the mothers themselves. As might have been expected, the denial of this function to the female breast could not possibly lead to a healthy condition of that organ, and although it would be impossible here to give statistics of the minor disorders due to this denial alone, in the major disorders the records are alarming enough. For instance, carcinoma of the breast is nine times more common in this country, in which bottle-feeding is rife, than in Japan, where breast-feeding is almost universal. And the death-rate from breast cancer is rapidly rising. In 1920 it was only 4,488, and in 1936 it was 7,079. * Publishers : Heath Cranton, Ltd., price 10s. 6d.
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A PLEA FOR VEGANISM B y MARION
REID
S
O M E lacto-vegetarians think it would be dangerous to change to a diet free from dairy produce and eggs. Of course, if they start a dairy-free diet with this fear in their minds, the fear will be a disturbing influence which will bring mental disharmony and may react on their bodies, causing some kind of physical disorder. Yet it would be far more dangerous to persist in eating dairy produce, having realised that it is wrong to do so. Spiritual power is present only where there is singleness of purpose and where the conduct is in line with the spiritual realisation. Actually, the arguments used against flesh-eating may be brought forward with equal propriety against the eating of dairy produce and eggs. In both cases their use as human food involves the exploitation and slaughter of animals. Dairy produce is actually a by-product of the slaughter-house, as veal and beef are by-products of the dairy. In the slaughter-house surplus bull calves are killed and cows' lives are violently ended as soon as their milk yield becomes insufficient for their profitable upkeep. It is argued in favour of dairy produce that flesh-eaters absorb animal magnetism from meat and that vegetarians may also secure a supply of animal magnetism from dairy produce. But is the acquirement of this animal magnetism an unmixed blessing? Do we want to possess the animal magnetism of the cow, the bullock, the sheep, the pig, the cock or the hen? W h a t if we also imbibe with cow's milk some subtle poisons in her system engendered through disappointment at the loss of her calf? Have you heard the mournful mooing of a cow on losing her calf? Her depressed state must certainly affect her milk. As regards magnetism, it is conceivable that human magnetism is of a higher quality than other animal magnetism, and that it could be directly generated from the stored sunlight in plants. Such human magnetism might actually become tainted by the introduction of animal products into the body. W e know so very little about inner physical and spiritual processes, but we have so much to learn from experience and experiment that "we needs must love the highest when we see it," in diet as in all else. Vegans have a stronger position than lacto-vegetanians, when they confront the flesh-eaters. The latter are quick to sense the lack of logic in the lacto-vegetarians' way of life. There are some people who do not eat flesh or fowl, but they do eat fish. W h e n meeting vegetarians they say, in self-defence, " W e eat fish, but then you eat dairy produce." This is an absurd line of defence, for two wrongs can never make a right. The Vegan can triumphantly declare, "I do not eat dairy produce," which would completely destroy the fisheaters' defence. The writer experienced this some years ago as a
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vegetarian, and realised the need to give up dairy produce, since the fish-eaters' retort really meant, "If we are sinners, so are you!" Dr. Bircher-Benner, the world-famous pioneer of food reform, has written in his book, "The- Essential Nature and Organisation of Food Energy"* : "Even the use of cow's milk and eggs in human food may become dangerous, although they are excellent nutriment if of good quality and taken fresh and uncooked. The accuracy with which milk is naturally adjusted to the rapid growth of Mammalia is well known. Therefore the addition of milk in increasing quantities is incongruous with the correlative needs of the human organism and leads in the course of time to allergic and other diseases.. The effect of hens' eggs is probably similar; physicians are well aware of the injurious effects they may produce on the human organism. As an illustration, I mention increased putrefaction of protein in the large bowel. . . ." After all, why are you so loath to give up dairy produce? Is it because you like it? Nothing seems quite so nice as an egg with wholemeal bread and butter and a cup of tea with cream in it, unless, perhaps, it be one of those savoury cheese dishes which are so easy to make, so attractive to the eye, and so delicious to eat; followed perhaps by fruit salad with cream or custard. W e feel no revulsion against such food as we do against flesh. The very idea of chewing flesh in the mouth is abhorrent, but it is the vivid realisation of the exploitation of the cow as a milk-producer and of her final sacrifice which deters Vegans from using dairy produce. Dairy produce has not the unpleasant associations of a butcher's shop. On the contrary, it generally comes from a very pleasant place. Cool dairies and dainty dairymaids have been in the literary picture from time immemorial, but we must not allow their charm to lull our critical faculty. Behind the dairy lurks the inevitable slaughter- house with all its horrors. There is terrible disorder and suffering in the world at the present time, and talk of a possible new war is appalling. But all disorder and suffering are in the hearts of the people who live in the world, as Jung points out. Therefore harmony must be restored in the life of each individual if there is to be world peace. Dr. Bircher-Benner calls meat a terrible mischief maker in the human body. As dairy produce and eggs are animal produce, they are also mischief-makers to some degree. The only way to acquire perfect harmony is to live exclusively on the products of the vegetable kingdom. Those who do this will assuredly have life more abundantly beyond all their expectations. * Translated by D. E. Hecht and E. F. Meyer (John Boles, S o n s and Curmoro, Ltd.).
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COAL-MINING ON A VEGAN DIET B y FRANK N E E D H A M
P O N explaining the Vegan diet to anyone, the usual remark is: " But however do you manage to live on it?" When I reply that I do live, and also that I manage to work down a coal-mine on the diet, their doubts are greater still. Yet I can unreservedly testify not only to the adequacy but to the entire suitability of the Vegan diet for the arduous and unpleasant work on which I am engaged. W o r k in the coal-mines is very exhausting because of the heat, the pressure, the dust and the cramped position one has so often to adopt. The health is also impaired by the lack of sunlight and fresh air and by the dry atmosphere. "Hard work never killed anyone "—or so it is said, but working in the pits has, in fact, killed thousands. A shift lasts approximately eight hours, and one meal, for which twenty minutes are allowed, must be taken down below. The miners usually eat bread and dripping or some sort of meat sandwiches. As a rule, I have nut-butter sandwiches with vegetable filling, and also some peanuts and dried bananas. For most of the year I take an apple with me as this is very acceptable down there. My other meals, which I have at home, are likewise strictly Vegan. Miners do not drink salt water or cold tea, and intoxicants are forbidden in a pit. Just ordinary water, about four or five pints taken down in a tin, is the usual drink during a shift. The old miners cannot understand a workmate who does not eat as much meat, drink as much beer and chew as much tobacco as is possible, but they do not question the matter. Their way of life is ruled by a prejudice much older than themselves. I have been a Bevin miner for about two and a half years, and find I can cope with the work and the conditions quite well on a Vegan diet, without feeling the need of any addition to "keep up my strength."
SPECIAL
GENERAL
MEETING
Notice is hereby given that a Special General Meeting of The Vegan Society will be held at Friends' House, Euston Road, London; N . W . I , on Saturday, March 15th, 1947, at 5 p.m., for the following purposes : (a) T o consider and, if thought fit, adopt the proposed Rules of the Society, and (b) T o elect a Committee in accordance with Rule 5 (a). FAY K .
HENDERSON,
Secretary.
13 THE VEGAN
OUR
FIRST
PRESIDENT
A W e d d i n g - D a y Picture of Mr. Donald W a t s o n and his wife, Dorothy.
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THE PRESIDENT S LOG T M U S T commence these notes firstly by thanking all who assisted -*- me to establish The Vegan Society, and secondly by acknowledg' ing the honour of becoming the Society's first President. I am greatly indebted to Mr. and Mrs. Henderson for relieving me of duties that were becoming far too heavy to handle in the time at my disposal, and I hope I shall be of further use to the Society by accepting the Editor's invitation to write a Log for " The Vegan." A t the outset, I will appeal for a continuation of loyalty and support for those who do the Society's work. It is voluntary, and deserves the fullest support of all who become associated with the movement. Viewing other worthy movements, it is frequently pathetic to see energy needlessly expended on matters not of primary importance, and it is a pity when sound projects and burning ambitions are frustrated by lack of money. If we accept that humanitarianism is a religion as good as any, and better than most, we shall not fail it by any lack of generosity. A sufficient number of people have now been Vegan long enough to prove that the precepts we held when forming the Society in 1944 were true. During these recent years Vegans have lived without many of the rationed foods and have kept well nourished and fit, thus it is now possible for us to claim that if people eat animal food in any form it is because they choose, not because they need. Obviously, the Vegan must possess some knowledge of dietetics, though no more than should be possessed by others as part of their general knowledge. Knowing now that we stand on firm ground physiologically as well as morally we face the future believing that we can straighten out some of the existing confusion in dietetics and morals. It is a responsibility not to be taken lightly. Not all have the vigour to extricate themselves from the tyranny of tradition. From the big correspondence I received as Secretary, it is clear that the problem most pressing to the Vegan is not whether the diet is adequate, but the social implications arising from practising it strictly on all occasions. No one with any regard for world peace seeks domestic upheaval by imposing too exacting demands on harassed housewives, nor wishes to become a recluse, but the Vegan is confronted with these rival claims of personal consistency and of accommodating himself constructively and sociably in a wicked world with as little violation of conscience as possible. There is inevitably some argument among Vegans on this subject. Some maintain that conviction on a moral issue should never be sacrificed to expediency or to the shallow claims of social etiquette. Man's impudent and cruel interference with animal life is clearly a moral issue on which good people should make a decision, and if responsibility is to be renounced there is no alternative but to abstain absolutely from the use of anything coming from exploited or slaughtered creatures. In particular, it is argued, propagandists should be consistent, since they
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can hardly expect others to practise that which they do not practise themselves. The greatest impediment to progress is the ingenuity with which man finds excuses for doing wrong, and he who would live worthily must not surrender inner conviction to opposing forces. But, say others, these opposing forces are not all bad, and they deserve consideration, for laudable as personal consistency may be, it becomes a selfish fetish when it drives one to stagnate in isolation in order to develop what is, after all, only one facet of moral living. Far better to remain in the fight; admit reluctantly that some measure of humanitarian inconsistency is unavoidable so long as we remain active members of society, and accept that the highest consistency is marked by the sincerity and magnitude of our effort to destroy the superstitions responsible for cruelty and disease. W h e r e this reasoning is accepted, consistency becomes of the spirit rather than the letter, and there will be no self-reproach in admitting that with the best will in the world the Vegan may find it necessary to lubricate his passage through life by an infinitesimal amount of animal food taken from time to time when away from home. In company such a person would not take milk in tea, or custard on fruit, or cheese on salad, for these could readily be refused, but regarding prepared foods containing several ingredients, some possibly animal, he would consider that more would be lost than gained by subjecting his hostess to a severe questionnaire. Such a person is not concerned so much with the possibility of attaining sainthood for himself as to strike at evil institutions and so make it possible to elevate himself and others above the level of devils. There is matter for useful debate here, and whilst I cannot undertake to reply fully to corespondence, I shall be pleased to receive letters with a view to writing more on the subject later. 6 7 Evesham Road, DONALD W A T S O N . Leicester. (As we go to Press, we read an astonishing article in the current issue of " The Vegetarian Messenger": " Veganism Critically Examined," by Milton Powell. W e have already had several requests that a suitable reply should be given, and Mr. Watson has undertaken to do this. As most of the criticism is levelled against the pamphlet, " Is Milk a Curse?" Dr. Goodfellow, the author, has also been invited to reply. Mr. Watson has been invited to represent The Vegan Society at the International Vegetarian Congress to be held in this country, and to address the Delegates on August 2nd.—EDITOR.) PRONUNCIATION Will readers kindly note that the word " Vegan " should be pronounced veegan, with the stress on the first syllable and " g " as -'n " go." Remember, there's nothing vague about it!
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THE VEGAN BABY BUREAU By M r s .
KATHLEEN V .
MAYO
T N the winter issue of "The Vegan," I read that "The problem of weaning Vegan babies will not be solved until, a wider choice of vegetable milks is available." I would, however, like to suggest that babies can be, and some have in fact been, weaned (after being breast-fed) straight on to grated raw apples and sieved vegetables, with juice from carrot or fruit to drink; that is, without any mil\ in their diet, whether animal, nut or vegetable. ^ Over thirty years ago, Dr. Black, of Torquay, put many vegetarian babies on to Nuto Cream Soup at six months, and had excellent results. I believe many Vegan parents find that Nut Cream is unnecessary as their children do not want such rich protein food but prefer fruits, vegetables and wholemeal. This certainly is the case with our child, Pamela, now two years old, and it may be of interest if I were to give some details of her diet. Breakfast consists of a muesli made from one large apple, a tablespoon of medium oatmeal (soaked overnight in three tablespoons of water), a dessertspoon of chopped raisins and two teaspoons of grated hazels and half-teaspoon of lemon juice (when available)! The apple is washed, grated with the peel, core and pips, and quickly mixed with the other items to prevent loss of colour through contact with the air. The nuts, however, are sprinkled over the top. The muesli is prepared just before serving. Sometimes the fruit is pear, and if raisins are unobtainable juice from soaked dried bananas is used. The midday meal consists of a cup of vegetable soup or raw carrot juice, a plate of salad with baked potato, followed by grated apple or baked apple stufFed with dates or a few raw dates. For the afternoon meal, after a fruit drink, she has fresh fruit as available, or a muesli, as at breakfast, and also wholemeal sandwiches made of Kosher margarine, tomato or cress and Yeastrel. As far as possible, Pamela is brought up along the lines suggested by Dr. Bircher-Benner; she has at least half of her food raw and certainly uSrives on it. From letters I have received from Vegan mothers, I gather that a Vegan child can have an occasional cojd even when a good diet is adhered to, and with plenty of fresh air and sunshine. Complete harmony with environment is not always possible, for there are certain unavoidable factors, such as worries in the home, hurried meals, jealousy of a. younger brother, -excitement over school examinations and the like which cause mental unrest in the child, thus preventing adequate digestion of food, to bring about at times a mild cold. In mv opinion, however, a Vegan child throws off a cold much more quickly than other children and runs less risk of any "after-effects." (Kindly address all comments and enquiries direct to "Braeside," Thornhill Road, Streetly, Staffs.—K.V.M.)
* THE VEGAN
15
ORGANISATION OF THE VEGAN SOCIETY VERY great deal of time, energy and money is required to carry out the work of the Society as set out in the three-fold aim •expressed in the proposed Rules. Hitherto the task of advocating Veganism in its various aspects has been ably conducted through the pages of " The Vegan," or by •open letters to the Press and by public lectures arranged locally by a Vegan Group. But a great deal more has yet to be done if Veganism is to be advocated and accepted as a new foundation of ^national and international life. Many more local groups are required, •each with an increasing list of members and an ever-widening field of local propaganda and regional work. W e have already done much to encourage the use of alternatives to many animal commodities by giving Public Cookery Demonstrations and by convening a Conference to discuss vegetable milks (reported elsewhere in this issue). Investigators have been busy enquiring into the production of foods and commodities, a.nd these findings have been printed occasionally in " The Vegan,"'but it is hoped to publish a comprehensive Handbook of Vegan Commodities, etc., as soon as finances permit. As these investigations have a very wide scope, much work is entailed, and volunteers willing to assist the Society in this important branch would be warmly welcome. Nearly a year ago an Organiser was appointed to facilitate contacts between those attempting to follow the Vegan W a y of Life. During the past few months it has been possible to move about the country and meet Vegans in various districts. It is most encouraging that several new Local Groups have been formed, and that the hitherto lone Vegans are now linked with others of similar interest. Further, it is the intention of the new Committee to hold its meetings in various parts of the country, and contact Local Groups, to give members opportunities to know the officials and thus understand something of their work for the Society. Manchester Group On January 22nd, the inaugural meeting was held at the home •of Mrs. M. B. Rawls. A Group was duly formed for the purpose of bringing together people interested in the Vegan W a y of Life and •of arranging meetings, discussions, demonstrations, etc.,.to amplify this philosophy. Mr. Ronald Butterworth was appointed Regional Secretary, and all communications should be addressed to him at '25 Wilmslow Road, Manchester. Yorkshire Group On January 25th, the inaugural meeting was held at the home of Miss D. I. Maclachlan in Brighouse. It was suggested that the Group •should hold meetings monthly in either Bradford, Brighouse, Hud•dersfield or Leeds, and that Mr. Donald Watson, Mr. C. C. Abbott,
16
THE VEGAN
Mrs. Mayo, Mrs. Rawls and others be asked to give lectures and periodical talks. A collection was taken to put the Group in funds, and Mrs. Helen Green, c/o 23 Poole Crescent, Cross Gates, Leeds, was appointed Secretary, and all enquiries should be addressed to her. Tea was served at the close of the meeting, and all present enjoyed this social occasion. Bristol Group A n informal meeting was held on January 11th, at the home of Mrs. Edith Hughes, 91 Rookery Road, Knowle. It was decided that a Vegan Group be formed as part of the Vegetarian Society in this district. Mrs. Hughes agreed to act as Secretary, and would welcome enquiries from those who are interested. Other Local Secretaries LONDON : Mr. Frank V. N. Mitchell, 10 Dingwall Avenue, Croydon. SCOTLAND : Miss D. M. Sutherland, 76 Strathearn Road, Edinburgh. BIRMINGHAM : Mrs. K. V. Mayo, " Braeside," Thornhill Road, Streetly. C A R L I S L E : Mr. J. T. Hastings, 92 Petteril Street, Carlisle. LIVERPOOL : Mr. C. L. Reeve, Hestbank, Overchurch Road, Upton, Wirral. HASTINGS AND ST. LEONARDS : Mr. J. Belohorsky, 9 Abbey Drive, St. Leonards-on-Sea. LECTURE
PANEL
The following people are prepared to address Group Meetings, and Local Secretaries are asked to get into direct touch and make individual arrangements with them : M R S . PEGGY GOODMAN, Angharad, Corwen, Merioneth: A farmer in the production of wheat and oats; she will speak on " Country Corn Mills and their Produce," and is especially interested in humane and healthy farming. MRS. K. V. MAYO, " Braeside," Thornhill Road, Streetly, Staffs: As Organiser of The Baby Bureau, she will speak on the feeding of children. She is now preparing an album of photographs of Vegan Babies, giving their diets, and is prepared to lend this very interesting book to any Group on request. MRS.
M . B . RAWLS, 2 2 0 Northenden Road, Sale, Cheshire: An expert and experienced cook prepared to give practical advice to Groups on the preparation of Vegan Meab, or to visit the home of anyone requiring her instruction and help.
MR.
IVOR H. SERCOMBE, " Harmony," Eastleigh Road, Devizes, Wilts : Having personal experience of the conditions under which milk is produced and distributed, he can ably deal with the subject of Dairy Farming. F.K.H.
* THE VEGAN
IT
FOOD FACTS Vegans and Vitamin D The following appeared in the London Vegan Letter, No. 3, issued last month: " With regard to Vitamin D, this is generally recognised as being; in short supply in a Vegan diet. For adults, this probably does not matter, but for a growing child its inclusion in the diet is vital. Lack of Vitamin D means that the body will not absorb calcium, and rickets and poor teeth may result. The orthodox answer is cod-liver oil. The Vegan answer is Radiostol. But Radiostol is a synthetic product and Vegans prefer if passible to live on natural products. Sunshine produces the vitamin by irradiation of its ergosterol, which is found in cells beneath the skin, if it is present in the diet. Here, we suggest, is a good subject for wider discussion in * The Vegan.' "' The question is: W h a t natural sources of Vitamin D are avail-, able to Vegans? W e have received this reply from Miss M. Beatrice Burtt: "Vegetables and fruits contain traces of ergosterol, which on activation by sunlight is converted into Vitamin D, particularly if uncut. The fruit coming from abroad is most valuable in this respect as it has been sun-ripened, the oil from orange and grapefruit skins, if exposed, being most valuable. These skins can be grated on to> salads." Since this question of Vitamin D keeps recurring in letters and discussions, the view of readers will be appreciated. Citrus Fruits Oranges and lemons, tangerines and grapefruit have been so plentiful lately that it has been an excellent opportunity of enjoying freshfruit drinks and ensuring a winter supply of Vitamin C, but it is in the rinds that the essential oil, containing Vitamin D, is developed' by the action of sunlight. None of this valuable peel should be wasted: any surplus from to-day's requirements should be preserved' for future use. In " Vegan Recipes," there is a chapter on this subject giving numerous suggestions. A new idea, however, is worthyof mention here : CANDIED PEEL.—Take clean, dry peel from any variety of citrus fruit and pass it through a fairly fine mincer. Sprinkle the bottom of a glass jar with brown sugar and cover with a layer of the minced peel. Continue in alternate layers until the jar is full, finishing with a good layer of sugar. After a few days it will have shrunk sufficientlyfor more layers to be added. This makes an excellent candied peel, all chopped up ready for use : it will keep for several months, graduallyimproving in flavour.
18
THE VEGAN
Bread Making A reader has sent in this interesting suggestion for making bread without yeast: " Very good brown bread can be made on a gas-ring. Boiled and steamed bread and cakes are widely used in the Colonies, where they are known as Billy Bread because they are cooked in the cans carried â&#x20AC;˘bv prospectors. Take 2 large cups wholemeal flour, 2 teaspoons baking powder, 1 tablespoon syrup (or treacle), about i-pint water and a pinch of salt. Mix dry ingredients together and stir in the syrup and water to make a smooth dough. Well grease a 1 -lb. coffee tin and half-fill with the <lough. Tie on the lid and steam for one hour. Fruit, bran, sugar and spice may be added to make a cake, but this will require a little longer cooking." B.J. Basic Biscuits Another reader has requested a recipe for biscuits that will keep. Take 2-oz. flour, 2-oz. semolina, 1-oz;. fat, 1-oz. sugar. Cream together the fat and the sugar, then add the dry ingredients alternately with a little very cold water until a firm dough is made. Roll out on a floured board to quarter-inch thickness and cut into rounds or squares. Bake in a quick oven for fifteen minutes, .turning to brown evenly, if necessary. For a flavoured biscuit, use cocoa, spices, almond essence, grated rinds or small dried fruits. If a savoury biscuit is preferred, use a little Vesop instead of sugar. â&#x20AC;˘ These biscuits will keep crisp and fresh for many weeks if stored in a tin. Personal Points W e have been asked for advice on how a Vegan might spend the personal points available each rationing period, and we confess the answer is not easy. However, assuming cocoa to be permissible, we are fortunate in being able to obtain raw sugar chocolate at the London Health Centre. If one buys plain chocolate, with or without fruit and nuts, there is the vexing question of white sugar to be considered. It is also possible in the north of England to purchase Kendal Mint Cake, made with brown sugar, and presumably other localities may have something similar to offer. Gelatine enters so much into the making of sweets nowadays that the choice available to the Vegan appears to be limited. Boiled sweets are mostly free of gelatine, but are usually made of white sugar; Have any readers suggestions or "discoveries" to pass on to those who feel obliged to spend their personal points each month?
THE VEGAN
l'>
Fruit Juices During a recent visit to Bristol, an opportunity occurred to visit, the factory of H. W . Carter 6? Co., Ltd., "Specialists in Vitamin Fruit Juices." The chief chemist, Dr. V. L. S. Charley, is perhaps the greatest authority on the production of natural fruit juices in. this country. His description of the research and experiments carried out during recent years was most stimulating, but the encouraging feature was the information that the firm is about to open a large model factory in the Forest of Dean, where they intend to produce, large quantities of fresh juice from apples, oranges, grapes and blackcurrants for popular consumption. Many of these will be free of preservative and will be marked either "Natural" or "Pure." 'We: look forward to general supplies being available in the near future.. Recently we have had several enquiries as to whether any animal, product was used in the preparation of Rose Hip Syrup and Blackcurrant Syrup and Puree. Dr. Charley was able to assure us that: all these were entirely free of animal matter. Of course, when white sugar is an ingredient, the question becomes doubtful, as explained, by Mr. Criddle in his article in this issue. F.K.H.
OBITUARY It is with profound sorrow that we learn of the passing of Miss; JANET GRAHAM, of the Carlisle Vegan Group. Her colleague,. Mr. Alfred Brisco, Organising Secretary of The National Equine Defence League, writes : " She was Correspondence Secretary for our Junior Section, ' The Animals' Guardians,' and devoted her life toAnimal and Child Welfare. She resigned from school-teaching t o join in this work, and for a quarter of a century has given splendid service to our cause as a staunch vegetarian, and a Vegan for the past year (very conscientious). I would like to send The Vegan Society an annual donation in her memory." Her charming little poems about bird and animal life make a special appeal to both old and young, but it is for her sweet nature and gentle disposition that she will be-, best remembered. â&#x20AC;˘ * * * With the death of DR. W . H. W H I T E we have lost one of the pioneers of Veganism in this country. With his partner, Dr. Cyril V. Pink, he founded Stonefield Maternity Home, and advocated' vegetarian or Vegan diets for the mothers and their babies. In 1938, in London, he gave the Arnold F. Hills Memorial Lecture, "Health Without Dairy Produce," and an excellent address, which was afterwards printed in pamphlet form, and is still available through us. All during the war period Dr. White remained at Blackheath, and his great faith was most inspiring, and his tremendous courage banished fear from all his patients in the dangerous days of bombing.
THE VEGAN
20
VEGAN AGRICULTURE have received an interesting letter from Mrs. M. W . Austen WE Goodman, Angharad, Corwen, Merioneth, concerning the •question of Agriculture (not just Horticulture) which, she states, presents a serious moral and practical problem not as yet fully faced. Running her own farm in Wales, she produces oats, wheat and dairy produce, and, being a vegetarian of long-standing, although not yet a. practising Vegan, she takes a very serious view of the tragic slaughter of calves, which seems unavoidable if milking-cows a r e kept. Unfortunately, milk is about the only produce that consistently pays on a mixed farm, and the wages have to come from •somewhere. If a farm is not run conventionally, there is a risk of it being classed as inefficient by the W.E.A.C., who have the legal right to take it over, even if it has been a family homestead for generations. If Societies such as ours wish to convert farmers, some thought •must be given to all this. The majority of town-dwelling members seem blissfully ignorant of much that goes on in the country and expect to find vegetables and fruit in the shops that have been produced without any farmyard manure. • Artificial "fertilisers" are even more "undesirable because of the inferior quality of the crops and the resulting devastation they cause to the soil itself. It is advisable to try to formulate some workable scheme for those •who wish to live in the country and produce food by natural methods. T h e practical use of vegetable compost, with the addition of town sludge, would seem to be the solution to soil fertility, but the question of the distribution of the produce has also to be faced. It is not generally realised that better health would result from using fresh fruit and vegetables locally grown on land thus naturaly fertilised, yet this factor should largely influence the marketing of produce. T h e production and use of wholesome foods is one of the foundations of the Vegan W a y of Life, and the present difficulties must be •recognised and eventually overcome before Veganism can become national. W e therefore invite all who have experience or interest in this subject to submit constructive comments and suggestions to the Editor, who hopes to ventilate the matter more fully in future issues of this journal.
LONDON VEGAN GROUP Meetings at Friends'1 House, Euston Road, London, N . W . I : M A R C H 8TH, at 3 p.m.: Mrs. Josephine Ransom will speak on " Mankind and The Animal World." M A R C H 15TH, at 3 p . m . :
ANNUAL GENERAL
MEETING.
Tea will be served at 4.30 p.m.
* THE VEGAN
MISCELLANEOUS (Two
21
ADVERTISEMENTS.
lines, 2 / 6 : extra lines, 1/- en.; 2 0 % allowed on four consecutive
issues.)
SPEAKING and WRITING.—Lessons (correspondence or visit), 5/-; classes, 1 / 6 . Dorothy Matthews, B.A., 32, Primrose Hill Road, London, N . W . 3 . PRImrose 5686. FIRST-CLASS duplicating of all descriptions, typewriting, etc. Facsimile work. Printed letter headings, 6 / - per 100. Mabel Eyles, 2, Aberdeen Park, Highbury, N.5. CANonbury 3862. T H E L A T E S T Haffenden Tract, Part Two of A Graalist Commentary on the Gospel of Mark, is now on sale. Through booksellers, 2/-; from The C. W . Daniel Co., Ltd., Ashingdon, Rochford, Essex, post l$d; Supports Veganism. A C C O M M O D A T I O N , with board, wanted by man, near Staines, Middlesex: B M / T R Y , London, W . C . I . W A N T E D , by business lady, large unfurnished or furnished bed-sitting room and kitchenette: or bed-sitting room with evening and week-end meals in Vegan house in London. Box M.E.R., " T h e Vegan." CZECH A R T I S T wishes contact enterprising Vegan companions with general progressive outlook and an interest in art and kindred subjects. Also projected is common departure to healthy, sunny place, e.g. Mexico, Pacific Islands. A n y suggestions very welcome. Belo, 9, Abbey Drive, St. Leonards. W A N T E D . — S t r o n g press for extracting juice from raw vegetables and hard fruits. Belo, 9, Abbey Drive, St. Leonards, Sussex. H O L I D A Y Caravan, 4-berth, between Torquay and Teignmouth, sea view ; easy access 'bus, shopping, beach. Vegans welcome. Fully equipped. Sanitation. Boden, 2, Southey Drive, Kingskerswell, So. Devon. Establishments where Vegan Diet is provided. P E N A R T H . — " Vegetarian Home," Rectory Road. Rest, change, relaxation. Ideal situation. Pleasant holiday resort. Overlooking sea. Attractive, generous catering. Comfortable, peaceful. Children welcome. Moderate. ILFRACOMBE.—Holiday accommodation. Entirely vegetarian. Vegan diet on request. Central. 1 minute from sea. Terms moderate. Mr. and Mrs. F. C. Burton, Parkway, Oxford Grove. Tel. 85. N O R T H C O R N W A L L . — " Tremorrab," Vegetarian Guest House,. Tintagel. Bookings may now be made for Easter and summer. The diet is exclusively vegetarian. Vegan diet is desired. W r i t e : Mr. and Mrs. Osborne Swain. Enclose s.a.e. for reply. LAKE DISTRICT.—Beck Allans and Rothay Bank, Grasmere. Attractive guest houses for strenuous or restful holidays. First-class vegetarian and Vegan diets. Modern conveniences. Write: Isabel James. S C O T L A N D . — W e s t Highland Coast. Vegans welcomed in private house in grand situation overlooking sea-loch. Donald and Muriel Crabb, Achaglachgach, West Loch, Tarbert, Argyll. G R E E N H A V E N . — H a v e r i g g , nr. Millom, Cumberland. Family Guest House near sea and hills. Every convenience and comfort. N o w under new management. For Easter bookings and onwards, write Mrs. Henderson, Rydal Lodge, Ambleside, Westmorland. ( W h e n replying to Advertisements, please mention " The Vegan."
22
THE VEGAN
Establishments where V e g a n Diet is provided. S O M E R S E T . — F o o d Reform Guest House in 16 acres fruit and vegetables. Easy reach of Weston-s.-Mare, Cheddar, etc. Lovely views and local walks. V e g a n s , and those wishing to sample Veganism, especially welcome. A l l Vegetarians catered for. A m y Little, Uplands, Winscombe. 'Phone 2257. S T . C A T H E R I N E ' S S C H O O L , Knole Park, Almondsbury, Nr. Bristol.— Progressive co-educational boarding school for children of all ages* specialising in music, arts, crafts, etc., in addition to usual academic subjects. 4 0 0 ft. up, overlooking Channel and W e l s h Hills. Swimming • pool. O w n produce. V e g a n s catered for. .35 guineas, per term. C A M B R I D G E . — O n e or two patients can be accommodated for rest and recuperation with or without treatment. V e g a n diet. Colonic irriga ; tion, massage, etc. Mrs. E. Jepp (late Champneys), 19B, Victoria Street,. P h o n e 2867.-
Miss Victoria Leveson-Gower, 73, Greenway, Berkhampstead; Berks, has requested us to mention that she will be very pleased to receive any used articles of footwear, clothing, or other materials for the Quakers' Relief Work in the distressed countries in Europe. T h e need is very urgent.
CREAM-MAKING TO PERFECTION Get the utmost from the limited supplies of Nutcream and other fats obtained from Health Food Stores by using the
"BEL" CREAM MAKER • A simple and effective machine which quickly —:— prepares excellent Milk or Cream —— ® A N E C E S S I T Y IN ALL V E G A N ( A N D O T H E R ) KITCHENS Price (including postage, etc.)
— £ 2 4s. 6d. ~
-
"
FROM T H E VEGETARIAN SOCIETY, 3 9 , W I L M S L O W ROAD, RUSHOLME, MANCHESTER 14.
* THE VEGAN
23
Just Open
THE NEW VEGAN CENTRE AND GUEST HOUSE IN L A K E L A N D Brochure from Mrs. Fay K. Henderson Rydal Lodge, Ambleside, Westmorland
SCIENTIFIC
BREATHING
plus Food Reform will give 100% results in G O O D H E A L T H . Learn how to breathe properly. I can teach you EXPIRATORY BREATHING, T H E ONLY C O R R E C T M E T H O D of breathing. Your health improved enormously. A S T H M A T I C and B R O N C H I A L subjects will find in these exercises the cure they have vainly sought elsewhere.
One guinea will secure you the Exercises. arranged by appointment.
J.
SHELL,
16,
LIME
GROVE,
SEYMOURE
MANCHESTER
GROVE,
Personal Tuition
OLD
TRAFFORD,
16.
For new ideas in diet, read
"VEGAN
RECIPES"
B y M r s . FAY K .
HENDERSON.
Appetising and Nutritious Fare without animal or dairy products. Price 2s. 8d. post free. FROM
RYDAL
LODGE,
AMBLESIDE,
WESTMORLAND.
supplies
06
QM "
of
available 2 4 8 16
Carragheen, from which Gelozone is prepared, was required for other purposes during the war years but the supply position is a little easier now so you can once again m a k e Gelozone your favourite thickening medium. Remember, it makes an ideal hot drink for the winter.
PRICES oz. 1/3 oz. 2/3 oz. 41oz. 71-
Obtainable
from
Health
Food
chop*
and
departmenta.
stores
W H I F F E N & S O N S Ltd., C A R N W A T H Rd., F U L H A M , S.W.6
BLESS T H E I R HEARTS... > IT'S THEIR FRU-GRAINS FRU-GRAINS is their appetites,
good for children; good for their health, good for morale. Of course it's in short supply,
good for
because s o many of the ingredients that go to make its crispy, crunchy, fruit-flavoured grains are scarce.
But w h a t a
reward for Mother . . . and all the grown-ups . . . w h e n they s e e the kiddies' joy on " FRUC R A I N S morning."
MAPLETON'S
FRU-GRAINS (Formerly
HONEY-GRAINS)
M A P L E T O N ' S N U T F O O D Co., Ltd. (Dept. V.N.JO), G A R S T O N , LIVERPOOL 19
Stocked by Health Food Stores, and many High - Clasi Grocers, but demand generally exceed suttly !
PITMAN H E A L T H FOODS L T D . Pioneers in the Preparation without Dairy
of Vegetarian Produce
Foods
A wide range of specialities, including Nut Meats, Brawn, Rissole Powders, etc., are available to suit the taste, and consistent with the principles of Vegans and Vegetarians. Ask at your Health Food Store for all "Pitman" products, or, if unobtainable in your locality, write to the sole manufacturers at the address given below. P I T M A N H E A L T H F O O D S ARE CHEAPER T H A N ILL-HEALTH
V I T A L A N D , FOUR OAKS, S U T T O N
COLDFIELD
VESOP CONCENTRATED EXTRACT OF VEGETABLE
Specially
LIQUID PURE ORIGIN
recommended to Vegetarians and those on diet
Stimulating and Aids Digestion U S E S : Natural Clear Soup, Savoury Hot Soup. Imparts delicious flavour to all Soups, Stews, Gravies, etc. Ask your Health Food Store for
VESOP
1/6 per 8-oz. bottle Manufactured only by
Vesop Pioducta, Ltd., 498 Hornby Road, London, N.19 'Phone:
ARCHWAY
2457
Literature
available
THE VEGAN
jrom
SOCIETY
" Vegetarian Recipes Without Dairy Produce" B Y MARGARET B .
RAWLS.
Contains successful recipes for 13 savouries and 11 sweets. 2d. post free.
" Should Vegetarians Eat Dairy Produce ? " B y DONALD
WATSON.
A n e i g h t - p a g e pamphlet dealing with the question from several points of v i e w . 3d. post free.
"Is Milk A Curse?" B Y JAMES A . G O O D F E L L O W ,
M.B.,
C.M.
A p a m p h l e t in w h i c h the well-known doctor advances deeply scientific and philosophic arguments warning against the use of animals' milk. 4d. post free.
Health Without Dairy Produce BY DR.
W.
H.
WHITE.
4d. post free.
"The Vegan" W i n t e r number, 7d. post free.
This issue, lOd.^post free.
Please n o t e . â&#x20AC;&#x201D; T h e r e are available for propaganda purposes copies of the M a n i f e s t o and the Summer and A u t u m n numbers of " T h e V e g a n , " and t h e s e will be sent to anyone wishing a supply for free distribution.
From the Secretary, Rydal Lodge, Ambleside, Westmorland.
Printed by H. H.
GREAVES, LTD.,
106/10, Lordship Lane,
S.E.22.