The Vegan Spring 1961

T H E VEGAN SOCIETY Founded November,

1944

Veganism is the practice of living on the products of the plant kingdom— to the exclusion of all animal foods—proceeding from a wide consideration of man's true place in nature.

The objects of the Vegan Society are to provide in thought and practice for the advance of veganism, and to relate veganism to every aspect of creative co-operation between man and nature.

President: Mrs. E. B. SHRIOLEY, Purley, Surrey.

Vice-President: Mr. JACK SANDERSON, Upminster, Essex.

Correspondence to: Mrs. E. B. SHRIGLEY, Purley, Surrey.

Honorary Treasurer : Miss WINIFRED SIMMONS, London.

N.W.I 1.

Committee: Miss MARIA ARNALDI, Miss BARBARA, Mrs. E. V. BATT, Mrs. SERENA COLES, Mrs. MURIEL DRAKE, Miss CHRISTINA HARVEY, Miss MABEL SIMMONS, M r s . DOROTHY THOMSON.

Vegan Distribution Secretary: Mrs. S. COLES, Purley, Surrey.

Commodities Investigator: Mrs. E. V. Batt, Middlesex.

Enfield,

Minimum subscription, which includes " The Vegan," 10s. Od. per annum, payable in January. Life Membership, £8 8s. Od.

T H E J O U R N A L

O F

V E G A N

T H E

V E G A N

SOCIETY

Editor: Mr. JACK SANDERSON, , Upminster, Essex.

Advertisements: H. H. GREAVES LTD., 106/110 Lordship Lane, London, S.E.22.

Published quarterly: Annual subscription, 5/- post free: single copies, Is. 3d. post free. Obtainable from the Hon. Secretary.

LITERATURE " Declaration and Rules of the Vegan Society." 2 page leaflet. Free. " The Reasons for Veganism." 4 page leaflet. Free.

"Vegan Protein Nutrition." 12 page leaflet. 1/-. " A Handbook of Practical Veganism." 24 pages with cover. Obtainable from the Hon. Secretary. Postage extra. 2/6d.

THE V E G A N Journal Vol. XII

of the Vegan

Society

Spring, 1961

No. 3

EDITORIAL "Cruel, killing those tigers."

A remark from the vegetarians of India, or those of England ?

No. It is the caption to a cartoon on the front page of The Sunday Times. It is being made by a man who is carving his joint of meat! The contradiction between thought and deed would be observed by perhaps a million readers.

Within a few days we could see a film on B.B.C. Television on Chicago which contained shots of the slaughter of cattle whose stark realism has drawn forth a mass of letters to the Press. Many writers said that after seeing this film they could never eat meat again. Many, many more people would feel the same way if they but knew what went on in their name. Another very teLKng television interview was with a medical doctor who emphasized his view that there was a direct connection between animal fats— cholesterol—and heart and artery troubles. These current examples of how the vegetarian and vegan viewpoint are filtering through the mass media of the Press and television are very encouraging.

The more this process continues (and our letters to the Press and B.B.C. will help it) the greater the need for alternatives, and those who compile lists, or manufacture or grow, distribute or sell non-animal foods and goods are doing a great and divine service, not only to those who have renounced animal exploitation but to those who will one day soon be awakened. (There are many grades of awakening and awareness as an article in this issue will show.) The latter will naturally want to look at the economics of a change over, and articles such as the " 25/- per week " one will be of great assistance here.

There have been other remarkable films on T.V. in recent weeks. An excellent one of Elsa, the lioness—surely a creature that will give everyone food for thought; a film of a dog and a hen playing a game; one of a cat and a rat living together, and we frequently hear of other friendships which according to 1

tradition are very unlikely. Can we be really sure that one day the lion will not lie down with the Iamb, or that man will always exploit the creatures and his fellow men, or do we see the changes going on around us every day ? Perhaps the outcry in some of the world's Press about PhiHp's tiger was a pointer. Perhaps Philip's tiger didn't die in vain !

JACK SANDERSON. NOTICE Mrs. J. Arnaldi, the Secretary to the Vegan Society, has regretfully, owing to circumstances outsiide her control, to lay down this Office. We would extend to her our thanks for the services and hospitality she has rendered to the Society during the past year.

She will continue as an active member of die Society to which she has belonged for a number of years.

Until a new Secretary is appointed, all correspondence should be addressed as follows: Mr , Purley, Surrey.

All correspondence containing money should be addressed to the Treasurer: Mi ns, N.W. 11.

VEGAN JOURNAL DISTRIBUTION SECRETARY At the Comm 13th January, 1961, Mrs. Serena Coles, of Purley, Surrey (UPLands 7518) was appointed to this post. All enquiries re the distribution of the Journal should be referred directly to her.

[N.B.: It was hoped to distribute this issue of The Vegan before Easter, but printing delays prevented this.]

VEGAN MEETINGS January. Mrs. Dorothy Thomson acted as hostess to a mixed group of Vegan members and Crusaders at her home on 21st January, and it provided a fine opportunity for meeting some old friends for a social hour, and some new friends for the beginning of new relationships. Some excellent food was kindly provided by the Thomsons, to whom we are very grateful for making this (and later) meetings possible.

April. A Symposium will be held on Saturday. April 22nd, 1961, at 6 p.m., on " SOME IMPLICATIONS O F VEGANISM," 2

when speakers will introduce various facets of the subject followed by general discussion. There will be refreshments and an opportunity to meet with old and new friends. The meeting place will be at Mrs. Thomson's (KNI 0341), at Gloucester Road, London, S.W.7. (Cornwall Gardens is the second left up Gloucester Road from Cromwell Road, and is near to Gloucester Road Tube Statiion on the following bus routes: 9. 49, 52, 73 and 74.)

June. There will be a Summer outing to the lovely and extensive Gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Wisley. on Sunday, June 4th. As people will come from different directions, we shall not meet in London but at the entrance to the Gardens a few minutes from the London to Guildford road (the Guildford Green Line bus stops nearby).

The R.H.S. charge 2/6d. for admission, and vegan refreshments will be on sale there.

Will those who expect to go please send for further details to the Editor.

CRUSADE AGAINST ALL CRUELTY TO ANIMALS By our consistent showing during the last five years of Dr. Harry Lillie's unique documentary film, " Newfoundland Sealing," many thousands of people throughout the country have been made aware of the annual slaughter of the Harp seals in great numbers off the coast of Newfoundland and southern Labrador. Our audiences hve been appalled by the irrefutable pictorial evidence of the ruthless exploitation of these animals every year for the products of their bodies: the fat of the pups and older seals for margarine, soap and lubricants (the same uses as in whaling).

Most of the skins go to the leather trade and the very young babies are slaughtered for the fur market. We know that the profound impact made by this film has resulted in many people joining the search for humane commodities.

Dr. Lillie revealed that strioter supervision of the killing methods was vitally necessary, and in addition he stressed the urgent need for control of the number of seals killed and the fixing of opening and closing dates for the season in order to achieve some measure of conservation. At the time of making the film in 1949, he was encouraged by the fact that the Federal Department of Fisheries in Ottawa appeared to be looking ahead 'in that the officials were aware of the need for an aerial survey and biological investigation of the seal herds.

Since that time, Dr. Lillie has worked ceaselessly to bring to 3

the notice of the authorities and the public the need for action on behalf of the seals and we, for our pant, have endeavoured to give his efforts as much assistance as possible through the persistent showing of his film and publicity in our journal and literature and at our many public meetings.

Dr. Li] 1 ie had been hopeful that the far-sighted view he felt he had glimpsed in the Canadian Federal Department of Fisheries in 1949 would result in better things for the seals. He has now been for some months in Canada, and to his great dismay the situation is far, far worse than he had imagined it would be. A report we have recently received from him reads as follows: " The long-awaited report on the killing of the Harp seals has at last been issued, based on the biological survey made by the Arctic Unit of the Federal Department of Fisheries of Canada over the past ten years. It reveals the desperate situation of which the Government had been warned year after year. With an annual kill of an average of 300,000 pups and adults, two thirds of the estimated stock of ten years ago of three million seals in the Western Atlantic area alone have been wiped out.

Blame must be laid first on the fecklessness of the Government authorities. The sealing companies have callously objected to any form of control in the past, but the Government has apparently backed down in face of this. The Federal Department of Fisheries must take a large part of the responsibility ; but the Department of External Affairs is accountable, through its failure to be alive to the urgency in international affairs, and its apathy at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea at Geneva in 1958 which failed by a very narrow margin to settle the limit of the territorial sea which directly affects the seals.

The last meeting between the Department of Fisheries and the sealing companies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on December 8th last has so far apparently accomplished nothing other than the likelihood of Che establishment of a fixed closing date for the killing, by agreement with Norway and Denmark. This is in addition to an already existing opening date. But such a closing date is likely to be May 5th, by which very late period each spring the deplorable damage has already been well-established. It would appear that politics may be the controlling force here, and there is a fear of advancing the closStig date to give adequate protection to the seals, in case the sealing companies are antagonised.

The Government has also apparently avoided instituting a catch limit on the poor plea that it would be difficult to enforce, involving inspectors and some extra expense. To save the seals there will have to be a heavy reduction in killing, a maximum of 80,000 seals annually instead of the 300,000, and the Fisheries Department will have to act, and act quickly, with an end to the fear of the sealing companies of any country. The biologists who have done all the investigation work are naturally embittered at tihe way things have been handled, especially as Norway has in the 4

past indicated that she is ready to co-operate in any lead from Canada.

It may well be that a more realistic, less selfish side of the industry will prevail over the Government, but time is desperately short.

Also, opinion against this neglect of our obligations is reported to be growing in Norway as well as in Canada, and there is cause for diisgust that Canada has failed to implement the resolution of the United Nations Law of the Sea Conference in Geneva requesting states in the taking of the creatures of the sea to use the methods involving the minimum of suffering. Year after year I have asked Canada to end the vicious cruelty and destruction involved in the shooting of the adult seals, with so far no response, and the matter may well have to be brought up in Parliament here.

The Government record has been one of callous neglect in face of repeated warnings. Yet wiiith Canada now holding also the chairmanship of the International Whaling Commission, she has a chance in both whaling and sealing to make up for whait has not been done and set an example to die world.

Those of us in Britain as well as in Canada can help the seals tremendously by keeping both the British and Canadian governments, as well as the Press, informed of our concern for both the plight of the seals and the serious threat to the whales."

In November, when Dr. Lillie's prefaiinary report reached us from Canada, we wrote at once to Mr. George R. Clark, Deputy Minister of Fisheries in Ottawa, appealing to Canada to make a firm stand against the excessive exploitation of the seals. We give below the address of Mr. Clark for the guidance of any who may wish to add their plea to ours.

Mr. George R. Clark, Deputy Minister of Fisheries, West Block, Parliament Buildings, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

MARGARET A. COOPER, Secretary.

Bounds Green Road, London, /V.ll.

An Appeal. The Henry Doubleday Research Association has a chance to buy the freehold of its trial ground at a reduced figure if it can raise the money in a few months. Vital work is being done here and everyone interested dn the soil is invited to send for a leaflet, and to send a donation ito the Hon. Sec. Lawrence D. Hills, 20 Convent Lane, Bocking, Braintree, Essex.

The H.D.R.A., amongst other things, lis experimenting with comfrey (protein, B.s, etc.), leaf Allantoin (to help bronchitis and asthma sufferers), with plants to replace dangerous toxic chemicals, etc., and it holds ithe record in new knowledge won per shilling spent. (Like ourselves, no one draws a salary.)

5

BECOMING AWARE R. DaJziel O'Brien Ideally, one feels, only those actually engaged in the production of vegetables, fruit and flowers need be ooncerned, perhaps, with the cultivation and manuring of 'the soil. But this ideal would require the grower to be completely aware of the " inbuilt" qualities of the materials which have gone into the manufacture of the containers which convey his produce after it is removed from the growing areas, or in which it is stored. Ideally, again, the vegetable and fruit producer would feel that only those engaged in 'the manufacture of corataliners should be concerned in the production of them. However, the fact remains that undoubtedly millions of people live out their lives without being in direct contact with the soil, or working in the production of containers for -the conveyance from the fields and gaidens to their tables, but are consumers of vegetables and frdit so conveyed, nonetheless.

In observing the phenomenon of the transformation of the soil, which takes place by natural means, when one has been selective in the kind of materials, ithe method and timing of returning the " waste " to the soil, one becomes aware that this is the foundation of the subsequent high quality and flavour of the produce grown on it.

When one of these factors, namely, the choice of material put on the soil, is purely vegetative and mineral, a number of other factors are brought to light.

Let us consider the haunts of the wild animals, large and small, and all the creatures living in the environment of trees. When the forests are tropical the more exotic of the earth's wild life springs immediately to the mind. We know something of their habits as well as their appearance, and this includes what is generally believed to be their food or foods. The less sheltered environment of prairies or veldt have creatures native to them, whose appearance and habits are likewise known. For instance, the elephant, the horse and the bovine ruminant; all Vegans in theli!r natural environment. These have been brought into domestication by man, how long since may not be known exaotly but the practice as we all know still exists.

It seems to me .that the exchange between man and the animals brought by him into domestication have been, understandably, overburdened with fear: fear of the animal for the man and fear of the man for the animal ; the relationship, one may say, has never had a chance of the reciprocity each might have had, in different circumstances, for the other. I am thinking here particularly of the elephant and the horse.

Domestication of some animals is changing their appearance and their feeding habits, noticeably the bovSnes—'their vegetative 6

foods are being partially supplanted by feeding compounds containing animal products, thereby changing vegetarian ruminants into cannibal captives. It is clear, therefore, that something " not of itself." something alien, has entered the body of the animal tending to physiological disruption: a factor which could conceivably be communicated to people through their food, and it would be logical to suppose also to .their consciousness.

Being aware of the phenomenon of the sol's transformation which takes place when vegetative and mineral applications are man's only application to the soil, and all animal organic materials are withheld, the situation is one of which it could be said with truth 'that something not of itself had been withheld, and, in consequence, something vital—something not perceived hitherto, had become available. A clear instance of man's profiting by doveta'iling his activities with Nature's. The natural law of return is allowed to operate. The evidence of .the soil's response to this selective form of cultivation for direct food for human beings is proof of the wisdom of making certain that one returns the right material in the right way at 'the appropriate time and place.

In Nature, the leaves of the forest trees have already started •the decaying process when they are ready to fall to the ground.

The resulting carpet of leaves forms an environment for the bacteria and insects, wWd creatures and birds, and, as they roam over it and shelter in it, a type of compost is formed which finally becomes suitable to the growth of the trees, which growth in turn benefits the wild life. The benefits man himself has received from this natural forest system are legendary. In fact today, happily, there are signs of an awareness of the necessity for providing wild life with more living space, for planting more trees and for asking whether 'the forests and open spaces have not been pushed back too far.

In the case of the soil's own transformation in the circumstances explained, together with no upturning of the soil, the improved appearance and flavour are indicative of a new Vitality in the produce. Such vitality may well be communicated to the conciousness of the person eating such food, changing his state from what, at best, is " being well " to " well-being "—a something added which hitherto may have illuded him. That this " state" or " process "of well-being is a desirable one he is presumably well aware. It is, however, " the branch " which appears to " exceed his grasp."

The efforts made to " purify " the foods consumed and the importance of cleanliness and environment in the preparation of them has been a sign of willingness in a progressive direction: another example of man's profiting by aligning himself with a desire to improve the environment and well-being of all those concerned, from the beginning to the end of the product.

By carrying hygiene to a degree which may, on the one hand, take away a valuable content of the product or add something 7

" not-of-itself" to it, as a preservative, is, to say the least, an interference—the motive for interference is not presumed to have anything to do with the physical nature of the product, or its effect on us as consumers, although upon reflection this could be. As an example of the problems of extreme hygiene, or preservation, or both, we may consider the root vegetable. At present, the widespread practice is to remove the soil adhering to the root by washing it off, and the hygiene is carried further, by putting it into a clean container. This enclosure is of advantage for the added reason of suitable conveyance to the consumer—an " immaculate" product fit for an immaculate kitchen. One would naturally consider these motives to be excellent. Now let us examine another aspect of a situation of this nature—let us retrace our steps, as it were, to the product as it was in the soil: to ask ourselves if soil which has proved itself to be an objectionable accompaniment of the product need, in the first place, be in the condition it is in or, in the second place, need washing off ?

One may observe that the same root vegetable can be produced in soil so clean that previous washing at the garden would seem unthinkable.

Of course, the housewife requires such fresh vegetables to be conveyed to her in a suitable package—so much the better if it pleases her aesthetic taste by being pleasantly ohosen, but suitability for the purpose is the housewife's first concern. She will be the one to open the sealed pack and discover that somewhere along the line the vegetables have become less fresh than she would wish, and may be in such a state as to be uneatable. The situation could be Ehait the vegetable was well grown and removed from clean soil, unwashed, but placed in an unsuitable container, and so be less good ithan it might be, or it could be that it was grown by means unsuited to the well being of the plant and accompanied by the sort of soil it has been found imperative to remove by washing.

This would not pose such a problem if the vegetable could go into the kitchen immediately. Having to make the journey and possibly wait on it and at the end of it, could cause the vegetable to be fit only to be discarded.

The producer of the package knows the qualities seen and foreseen of his product: his is the task to provide a container which will help to preserve the product as it is being oonveyed. He, as the producer of a man-made product, would normally feel he need not be unduly concerned abouf the way the vegetables and fruit placed in his manufactured goods arrive at their destination. If the buyers and sellers of these combined products discover that the produce contained loses something in appearance and inner quality—in short, if it has not reached its journey's end in a " fresh " state—'then obviously something else will be thought of : another form of cleaning, another form of package, and so on. It oan, and sometimes does come to the point where something alien is deliberately introduced, namely, some " preserving " or " reviv8

tLng " agent, which may, and probably does, add still further to its deterioration " outside " its natural deterioration process. A fact which renders it less than perfect as a return to the soil.

It can dearly be seen how a product grown in clean soil and perfectly conveyed in a suitable container could help in the process of well-being of the individual who wffill eat the product oonveyed— all concerned being aware of each other's contribution to the perfect food. With something added—enjoyment.

CANARIES AT HOME I am cold. . . . It is a grand idea to spend January in the Canary Islands, but quite a shock >to be returned suddenly to our winter climate. But, given the chance, I would always do it again.

When the trip was first suggested, I was doubtful about it for several reasons. I wondered if I should find suitable vegan food and I was afraid to be faced with the sights of human suffering and callousness towards animals which I knew existed. But, as Margaret Cooper reminded us in her article in the last copy of The Vegan, we cannot help these things by ignoring them, and firsthand knowledge of the facts might be useful sometime.

So, when the Q.S.S. Arkadia sailed from Southampton on December 30th I was on board, all wrapped up in Orion " woollies," Terylene slacks, Nylon " f u r " coat, fleecy-lined Norzone boots, Vynil " leather " hat and Wynelga gloves. All of which were stowed away at the end of the first day ! (Carrying this extra case around was often a nuisance, but how necessary its contents were on our return, during the awful waiting about in the cold Customs shed at Southampton! Surely the British Customs could organise things a little better, or at least provide something more comfortable that a seatless, draughty shed for people to await fihedr pleasure in. Had I been a foreign visitor I would have had a very poor first impression of this country.) . The first question I am always asked is " How did you fare for vegan food ? " and the short answer is " Perfectly well." Of course, I went iin the light direction, and realised before I left that, if necessary, I could manage quite well on fruit and nuts.

Of the catering in the Greek Line ship Arkadia I cannot speak too highly. Special diets were catered for, vegetarian margarine was there for any who wanted it, and nothing seemed to be too much trouble. Fresh fruit was always on the tables and baskets of it were placed in the cabins as well every day. For vegetarians there was a choice of at least five different cooked vegetables and several different salads twice a day. Almost a vegan paradise! The only omissions from my normal diet were Barmene, home-made bread, nut-milk, nut butter and sprouted grains. But I am sure that these were fully compensated for by all the extra sunshine.

9

As we were in one port or another every other day, fruit and vegetables were always beautifully fresh.

Our destination was Las Palm as on Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands where we were to stay for a couple of weeks, but we made several short visits on the way.

First Lisbon, a beautiful city indeed, with the largest real " Winter Garden " in the world, 300-year-old tiled houses still complete with every tile (without modern adhesives) which are kept permanently dean by the rain ; wide, tree-lined avenues, cobbled pavements (ouoh!) and the Bull Ring. Happily, football has now taken ithe place of buU-fighti>ng as the Portuguese national sport, and it seems that only the visitors keep this " business " going at all.

Two days later we stopped at Madeira—lush, mountainous, and, we are told, the most important island of its group. We had a social call to make there so were not able to spend much time touring the island. Also at Teneriffe, the stay was much too short to be able to see all we should have wished. This Spanish island is the largest of the seven inhabited islands of the Archipelago. Lying in the Gulf Stream, these islands enjoy perpetual summer and have an all-the-year-round harvest of bananas, tomatoes and, especially in Teneiliffe, potatoes. Sometimes four crops a year of tomatoes!

Spanish-style carved balconies add to the general beauty, along with leafy patios and a Dragon Tree which, it is claimed, is 3,000 years old.

We had to miss the famous wine-growing district of Tacoronte for lack of time, but it was impossible to miss the street vendors with their dried baby crocodiles and inevitable leather wallets. The local residents also make sure one knows that it was here that Blake was defeated 300 years ago, and Nelson lost his arm off Santa Cruz. It was also from Santa Cruz, the capital of the Canaries, that General Franoo began the CSvil War. Of which historical fact they were most proud it was hard to determine.

Then Casablanca, romantic (?) one-time capital of Morocco.

Here the extremes of wealth and real poverty are so closely woven that the district acknowledged by the inhabitants to be what we would call the slums is actually against the walls of the Sultan of Morocco's Palace. These slums are walled-in away from noseyparker Europeans, and one cannot imagine what they are like, after seeing the conditions of the non-slum streets. These are no more than cobbled back-alleys, with a gutter, and the garbage cans in the centre where the children (oh, so many of them !) play.

In the Casbah itself the streets are narrower still, as in pictures of pre-Great Fire London, and it is here the live and dead animals, and many other things, are bought and sold. A visit to the elaborately decorated Law Courts reminded me most forcibly of all one missed by lack of linguistic ability. I wanted so much to talk to the people, the beggars, the holy men, the children and especially the housewives.

In this city of continual surprises, we saw many women, tin the 10

town itself, wearing yashmaks, and some even covered their eyes-as well at the approach of non-Mohammedans. We were warned, before disembarking, that many Moroccans strongly object to being photographed, but this does not apply to the younger element who, however, demand payment from the photographer for this privilege.

A most depressing sight was the quantity of leather goods bought by unthinking visitors. Besides the shops selling nothing else, the street vendors, who swarm like flies around the visitor, all carry leather wallets, handbags, purses, etc., as well as the inevitable " gold " watch brought out as a special tempting treat from the voluminous folds of sheets and blankets which pass for clothing. (I wonder if there is a " right " way of wearing these, or are they donned, as it appears, by jumping into a pile of them and hoping for the best ? Maybe they never come off but just accumulate ?)

By this time, of course, the weather was getting beautifully warm and at Las Palmas, a week from Southampton, it was quite hot by raid-day. By the greatest good fortune our hotel room here faced south, and from the balcony we could see the sun rise and set. This volcanic island is a collection of high hills—.the volcanoes are all extinct, indeed in the Bandama crater a farmer is growing fruit and grain—and the tops of them are all bare, forbidding and dusty. But on the narrow coast the weaither is so constantly warm that the houses have no fireplaces at all, and although public buBdings and hotels are mostly of marble and other fine stone, it never gets cold. Imagine getting out of bed in January onto an uncovered stone floor and having no need to wear slippers!

Perhaps this fact brought home to me, more clearly than anything else, the luxurious comfort sub-tropical weather can bring.

Because of the hilly nature of the landscape, all cultivation is terraced and the meagre rainfall must be very carefully conserved.

Looking down from above, the pattern is of narrow terraced strips of cultivated land sprinkled with reservoirs. There is no livestock at all to be seen.

Cattle are kept permanently under cover in all the places we visited. Poor things.

But the oranges! Large, luscious, tree-ripened fruit, the like of which I have never before tasted. And so cheap ! One (at least this one) was tempted to eat too many. Although the 7 lb.

I added to my weight could hardly be blamed on the oranges !

(It disappeared within a week of getting back to norm.)

One thing surprised me. I could not get nuts in the hotel.

When I eventually managed to make them understand what I wanted, they proudly produced salted, roasted almonds from the cocktalil bar! However, fresh nuts could easily be bought from shops in the town.

Naturally my " weird " diet was occasionally the source of some amusement. In fact, I believe that I now have the doubtful distinction of being the maddest of all the mad Englishwomen at 13

this hotel. It was all on account of the soup. This particular delicacy is called Gaspacho Andalouse (in other countries Spanish Soup). It is a " vegetable " soup, that is, it has a bone-broth base and added milk, otherwise quite vegetarian! However, I discovered that with it were served chopped salad vegetables like onions, cucumber, green pepper, radishes, etc. Now all such things are not recognised as salad materials by the Spanish—only lettuce and tomatoes are salads. By sign language, and my very best though extremely limited Spanish, I asked for these raw vegetables with my salad, but was politely and very firmly told that (this was impossible—they could only be served with the Gaspacho Andalouse.

So there was nothing else to do but order the Spanish soup, insist on the " trimmings " being served on the side plate instead of in the soup, and send the soup back ! This procedure had to be resorted to every time, although the waiters knew what was going to happen. Partly, I imagjine, so that others could be convinced of my peculiar antics! It is a good thing I have been a vegan long enough to be impervious to embarrassment over food.

But other people are not. There was the day our Canaiian friend took us for a tour of the island and lunch at a restaurant famous for its fine foods and always visited, we were told, by the Americans. The proprietor was a Turk, and most anxious to please, but quite unable to produce any raw, or cooked, vegetables.

His clients, apparently, wanting only his fine veal, etc. When he learned we were vegetarians he brightened up and offered fish— then fowl—then eggs. Finally he was reduced, by my firm but polite refusals, to potatoes, much to the chagrin of both himself and our host. But I stood firm, and my potatoes duly arrived— smothered in mayonnaise !

I could not send them back—I gave in and ate them. In extenuation I plead that I was very cold by now (it was high in the hills) and very hungry. Soon after leaving the Turk (he seemed to have no other name), we passed a peasant on a pack-mule (or donkey; I am very ignorant on these matters) just as it started to rain. A soft, light, summer shower, but the man on the mule opened up an umbrella ! I very much regret having no pictorial record of this.

Truly an island of striking extremes. Warm valleys, cold hills, fabulously rich churches close by beggars living in caves. This last was something about which I had heard nothing previously, and would not have seen then had we not had our good Canarian friend to show us round some of die non-tourist spots.

But where were the wild canaries about which I have heard and which some claim to have seen ?

One could not really be surprised that they kept away from humans—their unfortunate brethren in their tiny wicker prisons serve as perpetual reminders of the possible fate of the unwary.

They hang above the cars and buses on brick walls in the main 12

streets, in the homes and cafes, and one, poor soul, was in a museum.

In the model Spanish village, one of the places where canaries are offered for sale, some of the cages are hung under the trees (what a mixture of pleasure and torment that must b e ! ) and they are duly purchased by thoughtless visitors with kind faces and the necessary pieces of silver. I wonder what happens to them when their new owners realise they cannot add " deportation " to their sentence by taking them home ? As they have some cash value we can assume that someone will take over these pathetic little reminders of man's heartlessness so that they may, at least, swing out their " life sentence" (mostly in " solitary") under their native sky even though many of them will never see it!

Reminiscent of the " well-broken " elephants in Regents Park and other Zoos, was the tired-looking camel which earned its daily ration by taking tourists for rides of very doubtful comfort.

He looked placid and content, but judging by the muzzle and nosechain with which it had beesn felt necessary to supplement the harness, this was probably just a pose.

In Las Palmas we often rode on the buses, less than a halfpenny a mile, and no limit to the number of passengers which, in busy times, meant that some fares could never be collected.

By the way, Canarians never allow a woman to stand on a bus.

I don't know whether this applies to all the islands or the Spanish and Portuguese people in general, but it endeared them to me on several occasions.

Of course, it is possible and pleasant to visit any of these places, stay in one of the luxury hotels like the hotel Santa Catalina with its large ornamental grounds, shops, private bathing, golf, tennis, etc.; and come home again with no knowledge of the life and problems of the real people. Even excursions can be taken in comfort on special coaches, which stop only at carefully selected spots. This was brought home to me most clearly at Lisbon, where we made two calls. On one occasion we took the coach tour and saw the beautiful city, on the other we walked the cobbled streets where coaches cannot get.

Our final impression 4,000 miles later was one of great thankfulness to have been born on this island, in spite of the miserable winters and last year's soggy summer.

Oh, yes, of course, I got tanned. And no, I was not seasick.

I wouldn't dare let the side down like that, but one night in the Bay of Biscay it was a near thing !

EVA BATT.

Subscriptions. Have you sent in yours to the Treasurer for this year ? If not, please do so wiithout delay. Why not become a Life Member ?

13

NEWS AND COMMENT Vegetarianism on the B.B.C. The exact date is not yet available, but in a few weeks' time the B.B.C., in the programme " In Britain Today," will be interviewing many prominent vegetarians.

We understand that Dr. Donald Soper may be included.

Leaflet on Cruelty. The Crusade Against All Cruelty to Animals have issued an excellent free 4-page leaflet on the cruelties of " broiler " calves and chickens, and " battery " eggs, and you are invited to send to Mrs. Batt or Miss Cooper for copies to distribute to your friends.

The American Vegan Society. The following are some extracts from the February, 1961, number of their magazine AH INS A. On Veganism: " I f we become Vegans because we understand animals and feel great compassion for their sufferings, it is the easiest thing, and proves to be of the greatest benefit for ourselves, too; but if we become Vegans for health reasons it seems full of worries about proteiins, calcium or something else. Veganism is a practical expression of the ONENESS of All Life. Veganism is basic, as it would not only do away with slaughter, vivisection, hunting and fishing, but no doubt also with human exploitation."

Dr. CATHERINE N I M M O , Oceanside, California. " What matter whether we fell from the Heavens, or crawled from the Sea? Either way, we are still brethren: All Life is One."

RAJAHINSA.

" I call upon you in the name of mercy and of justice, to speak out and to work for the eventual freedom of all creatures. I call upon every believer in the sanctity of life and the fundamental rights of sentient creatures, to refuse to buy, sell, or utilize in any manner, shape or form, any product of the cruelty, slavery, exploitation, pain or death of an animal." " A cow is not an IT: she is a ' she.' If you still drink (her) milk, she is YOUR foster-mother. I call upon you to place the exploitation of animals in its true light, using the terms ' slavery,' 'prisoners,' ' bondage,' etc., to describe the plight of our friends behind bars and fences, and in chains. The Great Emancipation of all animals is certainly a pillar of Veganism."

H . JAY DINSHAH (Editor). " Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves." " I did not care muoh for a man's religion if his cat and dog were not the better off for it."

ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

WHICH ? Some of our readers may not be aware of Which ? the monthly journal of the Consumer's Association. The latter is an independent, non-profit making organisation that was founded (iContinued on page 19.)

14

FOUR-PAGE PULL-OUT, SPRING, 1961.

COMMODITY A N D OTHER NEWS EVA BATT (As Mrs. Batt recently went on a cruise—her first holiday for 5 years—she has not been able to gather much commodity news this time and instead has made some other contributions.)

Messrs. Huntley and Palmers Ltd. Have discontinued the manufacture of their Water Biscuits and also inform us that there is a small amount of white of egg in their Sugar Wafers. These two should, therefore, be deleted from the Winter, 1959, issue of The Vegan. A member writes to tell us that Cornish Wafers contain some skimmed milk powder, and we have received confirmation of this from Messrs. Huntley and Palmers.

Good News for Hands, Feet and Pockets.

Shop at home with complete confidence. The popular Wynelga Humane Gloves can now be purchased by post at no extra cost.

Elyse Boutique, 378 Upper Richmond Road West, London, S.fV. 14 Have undertaken this free postal service for the benefit of outof-town members and others who, like me, have been experiencing difficulty in getting just what we wanted. These elegant, washable, Bri-Nylon gloves with their deep pile " fur " and smooth suedefinish palms are now available in the following shades of " Mushroom," "Autumn Glow," "Beaver," and "Honeysuckle," as well as Black and White. Sizes, 7, 1\.

We have no hesitation in recommending this 100% Nylon glove which has emerged from washing, spin drying and wear tests with flying colours. They are also extra warm, very light, mothproof and showerproof. 29s. 6d. per pair, post free.

Messrs. Bata, of 151 Oxford Street, London, W.\.

Announce that they now have good supplies of the non-leather footwear shown at our Exhibition and which they call " Shiners " for men and " Flatties " for ladies. These are the lined chemical shoes about which we wrote in the Winter issue of The Vegan. The " Shiners " come in black or brown in all sizes, 20s. pair. Please enclose Is. 6d. for postage and packing for one pair ; two pairs are post free.

The price of the little " Flattie " for ladies has been reduced to lis. 6d. pair and now comes in navy, brown, beige and tan, as well as black. Postage and packing for one pair, Is. 3d, two pairs are post free.

This is rather in the nature of an experiment, and whether or 15

not the range of models is widened and the service increased depends entirely on how well we support it!

We have been asking for years for a reasonably priced, weatherproof, sensible, humane shoe for men. Here it is. No polishing necessary, so no need to hunt for vegan creams and polishes any more. This cotton-backed synthetic "leather" is very hard-wearing; a distinct advantage over .the expensive and less stable animal product; and will stand up to any weather conditions.

(You can post-shop without fear, they look " respectable," too!)

Wanderlac. The name of this vegetable milk is soon to be changed to VELACTIN. Alginure. Commander A. Grey is chairman of a new company called " Oxford Horticultural Laboratories," of Stadhampton, Oxfordshire, which has been set up to market Alginure of which specially processed seaweed is the chief ingredient. Seaweed contains minerals and trace elements, etc., in abundance, and so enriches the soil and crops. It has great promise for market gardening and agriculture in this country, and could have a profound effect on the deserts and poor soils of other countries.

A new lightweight cellular blanket made from cotton is the modestly priced " inner-space " Health Blanket.

If this is not in your town yet, write for the name of your nearest stockist to Messrs. A. Frame, Darvel, Ayrshire, Scotland.

A tinted new delicately perfumed toilet soap is now being marketed by Vegecos Beauty Products, suitably called "Innocence" (it is free of any animal substance, including perfume). It is available in three different perfumes: Sandalwood, Pink Blossom and Syringa, at Is. 9d. toilet size (3 ozs.), or 3s. 3d. bath size (6 ozs.), from Health Stores and others.

We are pleased to note that Messrs. Vegecos hope to market other vegetarian toiletries, including creams without lanolin, in the future.

We have received enquiries from members and others from time ito time concerning " Dry-fry." While we can give assurance that this is a vegetable product, we must remind readers that some people have doubts about the advisability of packing food in aerosol containers. We would remind readers that these are loaded to two-thirds of their capacity with the product and liquefied gas, plus a top layer of the same gas in vapour form.

While this gas may be perfectly harmless, we prefer our cooking fats in a simpler and much cheaper form.

Another constant visitor in our post is the letter asking us if Kraft Superfine Margarine is vegan. We would point out that 16

although no animal oils are used, it does contain some skimmed milk powder and therefore not a vegan product.

A new catalogue from the Bury Boot and Shoe Company Ltd., Branglesholme Road, Bury, Lanes., is now ready, free by post. It contains several new styles in ladies' footwear which are quite suitable for vegans, the numbers being W.259, W.258, W.257, M.34, W.13, W.212, W.213, W.142.

Lewis, A. May Ltd. We would remind our readers that the famous Golden Block Margarine and Golden Block cooking fat are still 100% vegan. Also the Golden Block margarine sold with the C.W.S. label. Coconut spread and Peanut butter from the same makers.

Lloyd Rakusen & Sons Ltd., Meanwood Road, Leeds 7 Goldana margarine, Goidana cooking fat, Cake margarine and cooking fat. Nut oil. Potato Crisps. Tapioca. Semolina. Jam and Marmalade.

Vegetarian Mincemeat. Sausax. Tomato Ketchup. Horseradish and Beet Sauce.

Also Soap powder, Household soap and soap filled pads with the Frum " label, and all candles made by this manufacturer.

(It will help us to help you if these pages are mentioned when ordering by post.)

We thought the following extract from the Kingston Chronicle, February, 1961, might interest our readers. Under the heading "Be. Kind to your Kidneys," by "C.L.T.," we read: — " The Skin.

First, the skin must be kept as active as possible. Recognising that it is a vital organ, working in partnership with the kidneys, everything practicable should be done to encourage its functions and to remove obstructions. Many aspects of skin health have been discussed in The Living Skin, and for the moment it may be enough to mention briefly the principal points. The skin thrives on use, and should not be coddled. Excessive clothing is a common mistake, and the use of woollen material against the skin is to be avoided. . . . There are several objections to woollen underwear, of which the most important are its tendencies to obstruct escape of perspiration and to cling to soil, no matter how vigorously laundered.

Many people believe that the impenetrability of woollen fabric is an advantage—' it keeps out the cold so well'—but in truth it rapidly produces a devitalised state of the skin. This means reduced efficiency both as a blood-cleansing organ and as regulator of bodily temperature. By holding a film of greasy moisture against it. woollen underwear quickly alters the skin's texture from a pinkish and lively elasticity to a dead and doughy consistency— most unpleasant to handle when one has to give massage or manipulative treatment! " The large open weave of so-called ' string' vests and pants is excellent for active folk, but in wintertime the more sedentary 17

worker may find (that a second vest of thin cotton, outside the string vest, is an advantage. The ordinary, inexpensive, cellular cotton underwear is probably as good as anything, and has the advantages of easy availability and simple washing."

PRACTICAL PAGE The Editor or Mrs. Batt will be happy to receive practical hints from readers which may be published on this page. Mrs. Batt herself writes the following: Letters into this office have shown that quite a few would-be " grain-sprout gardeners" have found difficulty in getting a satisfactory and regular three-day crop.

We also have tried out several recommended methods with varying results and have found the following to be, on the whole, the simplest and surest way of getting tasty sprouts every time.

(If there are any experts listening, we should be glad to know if our way is nutritionally satisfactory.)

For one person Get a shallow dish about 4 in.—5 in. wide. We use " flower p o t " saucers.

As much whole grain, wheat for instance, as can be held in one hand without any running through the fingers. (I have small hands.)

Soak in cold water overnight. Next morning rinse off under the tap and strain. They are now damp and occasional sprinkling with water (necessary if they are kept in a warm room) will keep them so. Ours are on a table beside the tap in the kitchen.

Each night and morning rinse off under tap and strain off surplus water. You can do this with your hand, no need to toss from strainer to saucer and back.

After about 36 hours the first little white shoots should begin to show.

At the end of three full days they are ready to eat, just as they are, shoot, root, grain and all. They will not have long shoots, and if left another day to get more growth they turn sweet and rather tough, to our way of thinking.

Ft is obvious that if one wants sprouts every day it will be necessary to keep three dishes going, but we only have them twice a week and so do not tire of them.

Favourite way of serving : Open sandwich Wholewheat bread. Cashew butter. Barmene. Grain sprouts topped with lettuce, watercress or tomato. Please send in your favourite.

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Continued front page 14. in 1957 to help the consumer by giving factual, unbiased information about goods and services available to all. Goods tested are bought over the counter in retail shops, and reports published in Which ? are based on laboratory and user tests carried out in consultation with specialists. Among all types of goods tested to date are: Food mixers, canned peaches, lemon juice, orange drinks, peas, protein foods, Queen bee jelly, and sugar, and over a hundred types of goods such as refrigerators, soap powders and detergents, electrical domestic appliances, fabrics and fibres, etc.

Theosophical Order of Service—Animal Welfare Group. This Group holds meetings every few weeks at 50 Gloucester Place, London, W.l, and most of the lectures would be of interest to Vegans. A leaflet giving details of lectures can be obtained from the Secretary of the Group at that address.

Photographs. It is hoped to print photographs from time to time of Vegans, especially of Vegan children with, when possible, a few personal details. Vegan parents are invited to send any suitable photographs to the editor.

Letters to the Press. One of the greatest services each member may perform is to write letters to the Press on all types of Vegan matters—either in reply to others, or to initiate a series of letters in which some aspect of veganism and related themes may be dSiscussed. We really must congratulate Mrs. Batt and other friends for the excellent work they are doing in this way in presenting Vegan views to thousands of readers who might otherwise not be reached. Many others must feel the urge on occasions to reply to some speaker or writer, and we hope to give some help and guidance on this matter in the Summer Vegan.

Literature. Do you always have spare literature handy to show new enquirers ? May we suggest that you lay in a small stock ?

With regard to larger works, as the Winter '60 and Spring '61 issues contain articles by Mrs. Dalziel O'Brien, many readers might like to be reminded of her book published a few years ago, " Intensive Gardening," published by Faber and Faber, at 21s.

It is a practical manual on a method of Vegan horticulture that is of interest alike to amateur and commercial grower. This book will be referred to again at greater length in the Summer issue.

Books received for review in our next issue: Vegetarian Foods—Their Nutrient Properties.

Our Friends the Animals.

Authentic Stories of Intelligence in Animals.

An Animal's Bill of Right.

(All by Geoffrey Hodson.)

Socrates and the Animals, by Elena Quarelli.

Reference will also be made to literature received from India.

19

SOME INTERESTING SALADS

By MABEL SIMMONS Green Salad Lettuce.

Watercress.

Spring onions.

Heart of white cabbage.

Radishes.

Mustard and cress.

Line dish with lettuce leaves then a layer of watercress. In the centre pile a cup of shredded cabbage. Decorate with radishes, spring onions, last sprinkle with mustard and cress. Serve with grated nuts or cooked butter beans, also roast potato and parsley dressing.

Mixed Salad Vegetables cooked 1 parsnip.

2 carrots.

1 turnip.

1 kohlrabi.

1 cup of green peas.

Cut all vegetables into dice, cook gently with as little water as possible. Turn into a dish, when oold pour over parsley dressing.

Serve with lentil rolls, and roast potatoes.

Apple and Celery Salad + lb. apples.

1 head of celery

i lb. dates, cut up.

Cut apples into dice, also celery, mix well together. Pour grapefruit dressling over and decorate with chopped walnuts.

Mixed Salad 1 lettuce.

Bunch of watercress. i lb. tomatoes. i cucumber.

1 beetroot.

1 grated carrot. Âą lb. raisins.

Bunch of radishes.

Spring onions.

Line a bowl with lettuce leaves. On each leaf place cucumber, beetroot, grated carrot, radishes, raisins. Decorate with sliced tomatoes and spring onions. Serve with new potatoes and mint sauce and galantine.

Lentil Rolls i lb. lentils. i lb. breadcrumbs.

1 chopped onion.

1 oz. nutter.

I teaspoonful sage.

Seasoning.

Cover lentils with water, cook gently, stirring frequently. When cooked strain off all water. Press lentils through stieve, add chopped onion which has been fried golden brown, and to which has been added a sprinkle of sage. Mix all ingredients well together. Form into rolls. Serve on Salads.

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Savoury Balls 2 oz. breadcrumbs.

1 oz. grated margarine or nut butter.

1 lemon rind, grated.

1 large tablespoonful chopped parsley. i teaspoonful lemon thyme.

Seasoning.

Mix all ingredients well together with a dessertspoonful of cooked oatmeal. Form into balls, cover with ground nuts or breadcrumbs. These balls may be baked or used uncooked.

Grapefruit or Lemon Dressing 2 tablespoonsful olive oil.

1 tablespocmful lemon juice or grapefruit.

Seasoning.

Finely chopped chives and mint,

Mix chopped mint wtiith lemon or grapefruit juice, gradually stir in olive oil. Lastly add chopped chives.

Parsley Dressing 3 tablespoonsful olive oil.

1 tablespoonful lemon juice.

1 dessertspoonful chopped parsley.

A little brown suggar.

Mix olive oil and lemon juice together with the brown sugar.

Add chopped parsley seasoning.

The following may also be used for salads; dandelion leaves, nasturtium leaves, shredded red cabbage, raw spinach, grated celeriac, grated horseradish, sorrel, and grated turnip.

Pulse Foods for Salads Butter beans, haricot beans, soya beans, lentils, flageolets, sweet corn, brown beans.

Vegan Cake i i i i

lb. lb. lb. lb.

wholemeal flour. nutter. soft brown sugar. currants.

i lb. sultanas .

2 oz. chopped peel.

1 teaspoonful baking powder.

Cup of nut milk or fruit juice.

Rub fat into flour, add baking powder and cleaned fruit. Mix with a cup of nut milk or fruit juice. Beat well.

Put into a well-greased cake tin, bake \ \ hours. When cold, put marzipan on top. Make smooth, decorate with glace cherries and walnuts.

Currant Buns 1 lb. self-raising wholemeal flour. oz. nutty.

2 oz. currants.

2 oz. soft brown sugar. i grated lemon rind, Juice of lemon.

Cup of water.

Rub fat into flour, add grated lemon rind, sugar, currants. Max into a dough with cup of lemon juice, form into buns. Bake in hot oven about 15 minutes. This quantity should make 9 buns.

AJ1 enquiries about recipes shou (Teacher of Vegetarian Cookery), Meadway 1710.

ss Mabel Simmons London, N.W. 11.

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VEGAN MEALS FOR ONE WEEK AT A COST IN FOOD OF 25h FOR ONE PERSON [A reader, who is a near-Vegan, has sent in the following menus f o r a week, showing typical " colder weather" choice of main dishes. They show how she would spend 25s. a week as a Vegan.

The main dishes are family recipes which have been used for many years. Also, she sends a liist of all the food used in the week, together with sample recipes for two of the main dishes in the recipes list, and one mixed vegetable soup.—EDITOR.] Breakfasts.—Three mornings *muesli.

Two mornings hot savoury fry. One morning porridge. One morning (Sunday, perhaps) ohoice of fresh fruit: banana, half apple, sweet grapes or equivalent in fresh fruit. Each morning tea and toast with margarine and marmalade.

Main meal.—Two days : mixed vegetable soup (brown thick) seasoned and flavoured with herb basil (outer stalk of celery included). *Savoury Almond Loaf, onion sauce—flavoured with cloves and sage, Brussels sprouts, saute potatoes, servings of raisins and fresh fruit.

Two days: celery soup (white), butter bean in thick brown onion gravy, boiled mashed Devon swede, Brussels sprouts or purple sprouting broccoli, carrots. Apple Charlotte.

One day: parsley tea, wiiith a little finely chopped onion and olive oil, tomato macaroni and onion savoury, served with any green cooked vegetable, and freshly chopped parsley. Conservatively cooked prunes or mixed dried fruits (previously soaked for 24 hours). Almond sauce or oat slice.

Two days: parsnip soup with freshly chopped parsley added when serving, and olive oil. Savoury Chestnut Pie with mushroom, potatoes and onions—top pastry made with vegetable fat—brown gravy (plain), raisiins and nuts.

Each day the main dish is served with a raw vegetable " side " salad, and either crisped bread or plain bread—crisped bread is plain bread placed in slow oven until light brown. When it is stated " two days, main meal " this indicates half the soup and half the main dish is served on the day it is oooked' and half the following day.

Teas.—Two afternoons: Sandwiches of thinly cut bread, margarine, jam and half a banana sliced. Rlteh fruit cake (Vegan) or piece of fruit pie.

22

Two afternoons. Open sandwiches, savoury spread (peanut butter, Marmite), sliced tomato, mustard and cress. One or two oat slices or small cakes (Vegan).

Two afternoons. Savoury toast: two or three slices of toast (hot) spread with margarine, Mannite, peanut butter and small amount of crisply fried cooked mashed potato. (Wafer-thin slices of raw onion and/or chopped parsley to " top.")

One afternoon. Sweet, hot lemon water, or tea. Serving of mixed dried fruit jelly (fruit previously soaked overnight and conservatively cooked) and jellied with agar-agar. Scones and margarine. Tea or a warm, fresh fruit drink each day. Something to eat in the evening may be a small, raw, mixed vegetable salad : for example, two or three leaves of lettuce, a little grated raw carrot and/or grated parsnip, similar quantity of raw Devon swede grated, one very small Brussels sprout finely chopped, one or two celery stalks, and sliced tomato. Another example, a savoury fry of a nut rissole, tomato, bread (fried) or sliced potato.

T w o SAMPLE RECIPES:

*Muesli.—One dessertspoon Sunmaid raisins, one heaped tablespoon of rolled oats. Soak overnlilght in sufficient water to cover well. At breakfast time add half an apple—one weighing around three ounces—grated. Add this to the oats and raisins, add half a banana, sliced, and add a few sweet grapes.

Main dish (cooked) *Savoury Almond Loaf.—May be served hot with brown onion gravy, or white onion sauce, with freshlychopped parsley at serving. Serve cold with any salad. The loaf mixture may, before cooking, be shaped as a roll or oblong and placed in a small baking tin containing very hot vegetable fat or cut into slices—J in. thick,—and fried in a pan containing about 1 in. cube of vegetable fat sizzling hot, and fry till golden brown, turning as necessary—cooked in about 15 minutes, or rissoles formed from the slices of the oblong uncooked loaf. In all cases, coat with breadcrumbs.

Ingredients One breakfast cup of grated raw carrot, or one small onion (about 1 in. in diameter) finely chopped. Two ounces ground almond (1 oz. creates distinctive flavour of almond).

One breakfast cup of cooked mashed potato, tablespoon grated carrot.

One tablespoon of rolled oats.

One level teaspoon herb basil.

Large pinch of ground celery and other chosen seasoning.

Half small teaspoon of Marmite or Barmene in a tablespoon of luke-warm water.

Half breakfast cup of bread crumbs (for coating).

1 in. cube of vegetable fat.

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Method Put on one side the breadcrumbs for coating the loaf. Mix all the other dry ingredients together with the grated carrot and mashed potato and chopped onion, gradually add the well-mixed Marmite liquid and form the whole into a loaf or roll. This loaf may be cooked as soon as it is made, or kept—to be cooked later— overnight if necessary. Cook in hot oven for the first 10 minutes, have the fat siizzling hot before putting the loaf in the tin—a small bread tin or shallow baking tin (of appropriate size).

List of Foodstuffs Required Fresh Vegetables \ lb. Brussels sprouts.

4 oz. parsnips. \ \ lb. potatoes. \ lb. purple sprouting broccoli.

1 lb. Devon swedes or £ lb.

2 oz. punnet mustard and cress.

Devon swedes and | lb.

2 lettuce. leeks.

1 lb. carrots.

2 oz. mushrooms.

1 lb. onions.

Dried herbs: fresh parsley.

1 stick celery.

Fresh Fruit and Nuts 1 orange.

4 bananas. ^ lb. chestnuts.

1 lb. apples.

4 oz. nuts for dessert.

1 lemon.

4 oz. Almeiia grapes.

Dried Fruit 4 oz. mixed dried fruit 1 lb. Sunmaid raisins. salad.

4 oz. prunes.

Groceries 4 oz. marmalade. £ lb. rolled oats.

4 oz. jam. \ lb. oatmeal (pinhead).

2 oz. chocolate (Vegan).

12 ozs. pale soft brown sugar.

1 teaspoon agar-agar.

Gravy powder (Vegan).

2 oz. ground almonds.

Two oz. Mannite or Barmene. } lb. tea.

12 oz. vegetable fat. \ jar peanut butter.

1 lb. margarine (Vegan), | lb. red lentils. i lb. flour, off-white, 80% 1 oz. macaroni (Italian). extraction.

Small tin baked beans.

Seasonings (fraction).

2 oz. olive oil.

4 small light brown loaves.

All food is bought in. No allowance is made for additions from the home garden.

24

PLANTMILK NEWS (Reprinted by kind permission from " Plantmilk

News.")

KEEP RIGHT O N !

The year which closed officially on October 8th, 1960, was probably the most active since the Society was formed in 1956.

During it, not only did the scientific work become concentrated upon the hard core of the laboratory problems, but the Committee embarked upon the first steps of what will ultimately become the plantmilk industry.

We may rightly take encouragement from the fact that steady progress continues, and encouragement also from the fact that at each stage of our work there have come into our ranks people qualified to help. Indeed, so often has this happened that it is difficult not to look upon it as significant.

One of the first of these " appearers upon the scene " was Dr. Franklin, who three years ago remarked, almost casually, to the Society's secretary that if we would liike him to, he would be willing to " have a go " at an 'idea which at that time was just being bom. lit was the idea of trying to make plantmilk from a basis of green leaves : of using the same kind of basic raw material as the cow uses, but using a machine instead of a cow to turn it into milk. It was then so brand new that no-one had the remotest idea whether it was sdientifically possible. Psychologically, it was and remains an attractive idea. It had also the advantage that the bulk of Che raw material could be found in our own islands. But scientifically, it was an empty canvas.

We know now that it can be done, at least at laboratory level.

We are not yet able to do it every time, even at laboratory level; but we are much closer to it than we were even only a few weeks ago.

Meanwhile, as we await the outcome of the laboratory experiments, we are beginning to lay the groundwork for manufacture and marketing. We have been fortunate in discovering in our midst people qualified and willing to do the work of a legal and business nature which is involved in the formation of a limited Company.

We are also beginning to attract people who see -the plantmilk idea as a sound commercial proposition, provided it is rightly handled.

The Plantmilk Society will continue to represent and propagate the moral values whioh first brought the idea into being. The Plantmilk Company, whose Memorandum of Association also safeguards .the general principle that the product shall be manufactured exclusively from plant or mineral sources, will be free to handle it with the aim of commercial success upon the general markets of this and other countries.

The product, as it will be finally perfected in the laboratory, will be satisfactory not only for domestic uses, but nutritionally also.

25

Quality is a matter upon which the Plantmilk Society can keep a watchful eye, even after the commercial stage has been reached.

The proposed first Directors of the Company are all members of the Society and are all people who wish to see the product not only successful commercially, but a worthy newcomer to the nation's food and a possible substantial contribution to the protein and other needs of some of the world's undernourished areas.

The consequences of a satisfactory product properly handled are tempting to think about. But however such prospects enchant us, we shall not see them achieved without some further basic work. The Plantm'ilk Society still has some way to go before it can offer to a commercial organisation a product which can usefully be put upon the market. We still need the financial support which, among other things, makes our work possible. According to the best advice we can obtain, we are now a litde more than threequarters of the way towards a successful laboratory product. We have the task of taking this laboratory work along the full length of its course. Let us see to it that we do.

The following are die officers and members of the Committee as appointed by the A.G.M.: Chairman, Dr. Douglas Latto; Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. L. J. Cross; Committee, Dr. Frank Wokes. Dr. H. B. Franklin, Dr. B. P. Allinson, Dr. C. V. Pink, Mr. W. S. James. Mrs M. Drake, Miss C. Harvey, Mr. R. S. W. Pollard, Mr. G. R. Fuller, Mr. W. Holttum, Mr. E. T. Banks, Mr. W. Ninnfes, Mr. J. Sanderson, Mr. Arthur Ling, and Mr. C. H. Cole. At the first meeting of the Committee, the Research Committee was re-elected, with Dr. Wokes as its Chairman. A number of persons not members of the General Committee also serve on the Research Committee.

The Plantmilk Society is a voluntary organisation to promote research into the production for human consumption of a satisfactory non-animal alternative to dairy milk. Minimum annual subscription, payable each September 1 st, five shillings. Secretary: Mr. L. J. Cross, Uxbridge, Middlesex.

QUOTES " Nothing offends patients more than to interfere with their habits of life; their desire is to break every known law of nature and when they get sick they accept complete absolution in a bottle or two of medicine—they merely want to be patched up sufficiently so that they can go right back to their former habits of self indulgence in its various forms."

Dr. ALEXANDER BRYCE. Quoted by H. E. Kirshner, M.D.. in " Live Fruit Juices."

From the same books: — " When nutritional knowledge is wide-spread ONLY T H E I G N O R A N T WILL BE ILL." 26

READERS' LETTERBOX TIGERS Dear Sir,—Considerable interest, throughout the world, has been shown in the actions of our Royal representatives in India, and the advisability of some of the entertainment supplied, and presumably enjoyed by them, according to the photographs.

Many of us, I know, have already sent our opinions on the subject of tiger shoots to our local and National newspapers. It would help considerably if similar letters were sent to the following: Shri Jawahar Lai Nehru, Prime Minister of India; Shri S. K. Patil, Food Minister ; and Dr. Rajendra Prasad, President of India, all at New Delhi.

If you can also send a copy of your letter to the Secretary of the Ahimsak Party, Amrit Lai Jindal, Post Box 188, 1/9B Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 1, so that he can let his people know our feelings in this matter, it would be greatly appreciated.

F R E E MEDICAL EXAMINATION As many of our members know Dr. A. D. M. Smith, of the Middlesex Hospital, London, is conducting an investigation on Vitamin B,> and smoking.

More volunteers, especially vegans, are still needed to make this survey complete. The medical examination is simple and painless, only two short visits to the hospital are necessary and the hospital will pay travelling expenses.

Anyone living in London who can spare a few hours to help in this way should write, in the first instance, to Dr. Frank Wokes, at the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre, c/o Stanborough School, Garston, Watford, Herts.

The results of this investigation may well prove of considerable value, and should shed some much-needed light on the subject of both B13 and smoking.

Because there are so few vegans, it is all the more important that we should do all we can when such an opportunity occurs.

Dear Sir,—I have not as yet received notice that my subscription has run out so feel free to ignore your reminder on p. 3 (Spring issue, 1960); if in error, please inform me otherwise. On p. 19 you list the CHRISTIAN VEGETARIAN CRUSADE. This venture turned out to be dead expense for ME—over $3,000—so, with the issuance of the third number, the project has been abandoned. However, back issues, especially the second and third, may be obtained from my address (below) at 50c. each, or three for a dollar, postpaid—until supply is exhausted.—Yours, etc.

C . EDGAR ADELTTELM.

t, Denver 9, Colo.

27

Dear Sir,—Just a note expressing my very great appreciation of the words of D. R. Hiatt which you so very kindly share with us in the Editorial of the Spring issue (1960) of The Vegan. I've copied them and will pass on to others in need of encouragement—I'm reminded of the only prayer which an Explorer wrote nightly in his diary: " God, give us guts ! " Thank you—more, please, if and when possible ! !

No address because you've enough to do without acknowledging this burst of gratitude.

Many Blessings.

M.B. Dear Sir,—Apropos the artiole in the Spring issue (1960) of The Vegan concerning fats.

This was an interesting and useful treatise but it failed to bring home to ,the reader that vegetable fats (particularly those manufactured from the ground nut) can be just as dangerous as animal fats iif they are in " hardened " (hydrogenated) forms such as margarines (other than Alfonal).

The process of produoing modern margarines and cooking fats completely changes the degree of saturation of the fats.

It should also 'be made clear that it is excess of cholesterol which can cause " furring " of the arteries, etc.

The most satisfactory form of fat is cold-pressed sunflower seed oil or linseed oil. This also acts as an antidote in cases where saturated fatty aoids are being included in the diet but should be taken in conjunction with a sulphurous protein such as garlic or yoghourt for best results.—Yours, etc.

ROY DICKINSON.

S. Gosforth, Newcastle 3.

Dear Sir,—I am looking forward some day that this magazine will have something to say about trace minerals and vitamins. Tt is my opinion that the use of trace minerals is not new but was not widely known as it is today and probably was used hundreds of years ago by some. I don't believe trace minerals are distributed evenly by nature, and am convinced most foods just don't have them.—Yours, etc.

RUSSELL JACOB.

Bremerton, Washington,

U.S.A.

[(EDITOR'S N O T E : The importance of trace elements and vitamins has frequently been referred to in the Journal—as recently as S P R I N G , 1959.]

28

Dear Sir,—I thought perhaps your readers might be interested to know that in recent correspondence I have learnt that: Only Brown Barbados Sugar is used in any of Mapleton's products; Only pure vegetable fat is used in BARBACHOC Raw Sugar Chocolate. (Address: The London Health Centre Ltd..

35 Baker Street, London, W.I.); Lusty's Lemon Hand Cream is free from all animal matter.

—Yours, etc.

JUNE MORSE (Miss).

Ashford, Kent.

[N.B.: Mrs. Batt and the Vegan Committee are very happy to note this interest and to receive such information.]

HEADLINES AND HARD FACTS Dear Sir,—Why are they so difficult to combine ? What happens to the Facts when Newsmen get out the large type ? Yesterday, on the front page of a National Daily, I read: " Triumph ! Today: End of a Great Crusade."

The first impression given is that this means the end of the cruel horse export traffic. This seems too good to be true, as indeed it is, for, right at the end, on page three, we find that only those horses over seven years old will no longer be exported from Ireland for slaughter on the Continent.

While acknowledging the good work done by this paper in giving wide publicity to this inhuman " trade," it seems a great pity that they should now try to lull us into a fools' paradise by pushing the horse export question out of sight once again.

Those who have been fighting for these animals, some for over thirty years, not just twelve months, are some of the members of the Protection of Livestock for Slaughter Association and in their Review it states: " Much more remains to be done before Ireland stops the live horse traffic."

This does fit the facts for, to be one of the " lucky " horses which qualify to be killed in Ireland they must, it seems, be halt, lame, sick, old or otherwise likely to die on the boat and so give embarrassment to the owners by causing another public outcry.

No. We cannot see that it is a " Triumph " when the crusade comes to an end: only the end of the horse traffic itself should be considered a victory.

Perhaps the papers must do something to stop the masses of protest letters, which, we believe, are still pouring into their offices.

How many will, once more, help to prove our " nuisance value " by writing to all the papers again this year ? It could be your gift to the suffering animals.

If enough people cared this much such acts of cruelty for profit could be stopped altogether.

29

F L E S H EATING AND LAND USAGE

While the necessity is a disgrace to our civilisation, .the work of the " War on W a n t " campaign is generally appreciated.

What is not so readily understood, however, is the very important contribution anyone can make in this effort to relieve the horrors of starvation, simple by denying themselves the wasteful habit of flesh-eating.

With the land available for food production at about one acre per head throughout the world ; and shrinking every year through short-sighted agricultural methods ; how can folks expect to continue to consume the products of two or more acres without many others going hungry ?

It is known that the uneconomic practice of feeding many pounds of good food to an animal which will, in return, supply only about one pound of steak, is one of the major causes of this problem of human suffering.

If many of those genuinely concerned to relieve the hardship wrought by hunger; were aware of the valuable contribution they could make simply by adopting a humane, health-giving diet, the nightmare of starvation could cease to exist for many people.

Economists have calculated that many times more true vegetarians can live on the products of the land needed to satisfy one person on an average mixed diet, but no one is going to spend millions of dollars publicising such non-profit-making facts.

It is up to us to make it as widely known as possible, that compassion alone helps no one at all, and our pity, both for the " under-privileged " (starving) and the creatures bred only to be slaughtered for human consumption, is useless unless it leads to sound constructive action.

No one can justify meat-eating while children starve, and this cannot be pointed out too often. Don't be content to be a vegan—let everyone you meet know why.—Yours, etc.

EVA BATT.

Enfield, Middlesex.

Dear Sir,—In view of the fact that vegetarian reviews periodically warn us of the lack of vitamin B'u in vegan foods, I was interested in some statements I have recently come across about this vitamin. In the August number of Farm and Garden the statement is made that "Seaweed is the only known vegetable source of Bu." In the August number of The Gardener, in an article on " Goats in my Garden," I read: "A vitamin labelled B,3 is found in Russian comfrey." I do not know of any form of seaweed suitable for human consumption, but there is no difficulty about Russian comfrey. It grows as easily as weeds and the young leaves are as pleasant to eat cooked as spinach or Seakale beet. The question is, is the vitamin Bn affected by boiling, and how much is 30

necessary in order to guard against deficiency ? I should be interested to know what are the first symptoms of vitamin B,. deficiency. The only clue I have is in a Healthcrafts advertisement of a vitamin B» capsule, which calls it the anti-anaemia vitamin.

There is another matter 1 should like to consult you about.

Could The Vegan occasionally publish articles on gardening ?

Existing gardening publications are anything but vegan. If they recommend organic methods without chemical fertilisers and poison sprays, they prescribe the use of slaughter-house products such as dried blood and bonemeal which are equally or more repulsive to a vegan.

Wishing The Vegan every success.—Yours, etc.

Siockton-on-Tees.

(Miss) O . ROBOTHAM. [EDITOR'S NOTE: Dr. Smith at Middlesex Hospital is conducting tests which should help in this matter. Wlith regard to vegan organic methods of gardening you are recommended to read the book by Mrs. O'Brien referred to under " Literature " in " News and Comment," and perhaps you would care to write to Mrs. Goodman whose letter is nearby.

From work done to date on vitamin Bu it would appear to be a mistake to suppose that vitamin B» deficiency can be overcome merely by eating some comfrey or comfrey product of unspecified BI2 content. In technical language the provisional minimum requirement is one microgram B.* per 40 grams of protein (or per 6.4 grams of nitrogen). In everyday language, it would be necessary to eat about 2 to 6 lb. of fresh comfrey leaves per day to obtain the B>: requirement. B,a is not made in the higher plants used as human food—this could be significant—'but minute traces have been found in turnip tops and lucerne, and perhaps some plants have the ability to absorb it from the soil; possibly the better the cultivation the more such plants as comfrey can absorb.

This question is being studied by the Vegetarian Research Centre in collaboration with colleagues elsewhere. In certain areas seaweed products such as laver bread (S. Wales) and dulce (W. Scotland) provide reasonable amounts of Bi=, but that excellent food product Barmene (as used in a normal vegan household) will supply one-half to two-thirds of the daily requirement.

It should not be forgotten that the body itself is capable of synthesising part, and in some cases all, of its requirements.

Seaweed in the form of tablets or powder can be used as a food supplement. B» deficiency seems to be connected with pernicious anaania, spinal cord degeneration and smokers' blindness (the cyanide in tobacco smoke produces low serum B,~ and the blind spot normally present in the eye grows larger—if Bu is given, sight recovers).]

Dear Sir,—Since I wrote the account of the Del Pelo Pardi System of Agriculture in the Spring (1960) number of The Vegan, 31

Signor Del Pelo Pardi has visited England and Wales. He was invited over by the Soil Association to lecture at their Annual Conference at Attingham Park, Shropshire, which took place on May 23rd and 24th, 1960.

His lecture there aroused a great deal of interest, and it is to be hoped that he will make further visits to this country as he has now established a Demonstration Unit of Cultivation on the Del Pelo Pardi System, here on my farm near Corwen. It is available to be seen (by appointment only), and I feel that market gardeners and horticulturists who are vegans would be specially interested in a method which is so certain to improve the condition of the soil and give better production both in quality and quantity.

Dear Sir,—If you should be up in N. Wales anytime, do remember that I have the Del Pelo Pardi Demonstration Unit of Cultivation here, on my farm, the only one outside Italy at the moment—which 1 can show to any interested persons, by appointment ; just phone Corwen 109, because otherwise you might find it hard to find me on 54 acres—somewhere !

I consider that the Del Pelo Pardi System is extremely well suited to market gardening, which should be the great concern of vegans. I don't think there is much of a link between vegan conceptions and rural life—it does not show in The Vegan very much anyway, and needs strengthening—that is, if vegans are to be vital and alive.—Yours, etc.

PEGGY GOODMAN. Tyddyn-A ngharad, Corwen, Meirionnydd.

[EDITOR'S NOTE: Please note articles referring to soil in current issues ] The Community of Veneration. This Community seeks realisation of perfect health of body, mind and spirit by complete obedience to God's laws as defined in Holy Scriptures. The beautifully situated estate is a mile west from the outskirts of Exeter. The diet is normally Lacto-Vegetarian, but Vegans are also catered for. A leaflet may be obtained from the Organising Secretary Community of Veneration, Nodderwater, Exeter, Devon.

MISCELLANEOUS

ADVERTISEMENTS

(2/- per Ifne: minimum 2 lines ; 20% discount on four consecutive issues.)

"AHINSA."—Non-slaughter, Non-Violence ; the monthly magazine for Vegans, ethical vegetarians, pacifists, Hygienists. Special overseas rate : 7s.. in coin or British stamps, for full year.—THE AMERICAN V E G A N SOCIETY, Malaga, New Jersey, U.S.A. DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING 6? SPEAKING.—Help given through correspondence and lts. y Matthews, B.A.,

32

ENGLISH and Continental Scooters and Mopeds, most makes. Motor cycles, new and used. Three-wheelers, Powerdrive, Bond, Reliant.

Exchanges. Terms. Models bought. Please write, 'phone or call.

Your own dealer, RON McKENZIE (Proprietor: R. McKenzie Butterworth, Vegan Food Reformer), 961 Chester Road Stretford, Manchester. Longford 2100.

HEALTH FOOD STORE. A wide variety of vegan and vegetarian foods is available, including the new plantmilk. Every effort will be made to acquire those vegan foods which are not easily obtainable, so if you have any difficulty in purchasing certain products, please write to Mrs. Muriel Drake with your re ns Goods willingly sent by post on request.— London, S.E.20.

NOBITE HEALING OIL soothes bee, wasp, nettle and jellyfish stings, grass rash and sunburn, and also protects from midges and mosquitoes, entirely herbal. 3s. Od. bottle (post 6d. extra) lasts a whole season.

Rayner and Pennycook Ltd., 16v Oatlands Chase, Weybridge, Surrey.

RAYVIT SEAWEED TABLETS are ALL seaweed, with nothing added.

They will make good any mineral deficiences in your diet and keep you up to scratch. 100 Tablets 3s. 6d., 500 Tablets 14s. 7d. Rayner and Pennycook Ltd., 16v Oatlands Chase, Weybridge, Surrey.

SCHOOL of the Rose Cross, 262 E. Wetmore Road, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A., teaches vegan and true Rosicrucianism. No dues or fees. Free books and monthly letter-lesson. We welcome all questions.

USE RAYVIT SUNFLOWER OIL for salads and all your cooking. 7s. 6d. pint. 27s. 6d. |-gallon. 50s. Od. gallon. Rayner and Pennycook, Ltd., 16v Oatlands Chase, Weybridge, Surrey.

ESTABLISHMENTS

CATERING

FOR

VEGANS

(l/id. per line; 20% discount on four consecutive issues.)

BROOK LINN.—Callander, Perthshire. Vegetarian and Vegan meals carefully prepared and attractively served. Comfortable guest house. Near Trossachs and Western Highlands. Mrs. Muriel Choffin. Callander 103.

COMMUNITY OF VENERATION, Nadderwater, Exeter, Devon. Vegan meals a speciality. Peaceful country, convenient sea, city and moors.

COTSWOLDS & CHELTENHAM SPA.—Hazel Garth, Novertan Avenue, Prestbury, Cheltenham, Glos. Convenient hills, parks, shops. Excellent transport. Ideal touring centre. Highest quality fare. Home baking and produce. H. & C. bedrooms. Every comfort. Mr. & Mrs. Willis.

Tel. 7431.

EAST BOURNE.—General nursing, convalescence, rest and nature-cure.

Out-patients treated. Edgehill Vegetarian and Vegan Nursing Home, 6 Mill Road. Tel.: 627.

EDSTONE, WOOTTON WAWEN, WARWICKSHIRE (near Stratford-onAvon).—Modern Nature Cure Resort and Guest House with every comfort, and compost-grown produce. (Phone : Claverdon 327.)

LAKE DISTRICT. Rothay Bank, Grasmere. Attractice guest house for invigorating, refreshing holidays.—Write Isabel James. Tel.: 134.

MAJORCA.—Charming flat for two offered. Vegetarian, non-smokeirs. All comforts. Tranquillity and beauty. Some meals provided by arrangement. International stamp please. Mrs. Ritchie : Salud, 153 ; Palma de Mallorca.

NORTH WALES.—Vegan and vegetarian guest house, nr. mountains and sea. Lovely woodland garden. Brochure from Jeannie and George Lake, Plas-y-Coed, Penmaen Park, Llanfairfechan. Tel.: 161.

"WOODCOTE," Lelant, St Ives, Cornwall, is a high-class Vegetarian Food Reform Guest House in a warm and sheltered situation overlooking the Hayle Estuary.

Composted vegetables ; home-made wholewheat bread ; vegans catered for knowledgeably. Mr. and Mrs. Woolfrey.

Tel.: Hayle 3147. Early bookings for Summer very advisable.

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Barmene is delicious! It has a bland, appetising flavour, greatly enhancing the appeal and food value of soups, savouries, etc., to which it is added. Try it, too, spread thinly on bread and butter or unsweetened biscuits, and on jacket potatoes.

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