The Vegan Spring 1973

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Ii THE VEGAN SOCIETY founded 1944

Advocates living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of all food and other commodities derived wholly or in part from animals. Its members base their lives on the ethic of Reverence for Life and seek to free themselves from all forms of cruelty and exploitation. They are aware of man's responsibilities to his environment and seek to promote the proper use of the resources of the earth.

President: Dr. Frey Ellis, Epsom, Surrey.

Deputy President: Mr. J. Sanderson.

Vice Presidents: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mr. J. Dinshah, Mrs. M. Henderson, Dr. C. Nimmo, Miss W. Simmons, Miss M. Simmons, Mrs. E. Shrigley, Dr. F. Wokes.

Secretary: Mrs. K. Jannaway, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

T s. G. Smith (to whom all subscriptions should be sent), Palmers Gr 4UP. Librarian: Mr. W. Wright, Enfield, Middlesex.

L ure Secretary: (for all literature requests): Mrs. V. Farrell, Golden Lane, London, E.C.1.

Committee: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Dr. F. Ellis, Mrs. V. Farrell, Mr. J. Sanderson, Mrs. G. Smith, Mr. A. Williams, Mr. W, Wright.

Minimum subscription, which includes "THE VEGAN", ÂŁ1.25 per annum (and 63p for each additional member of one family at the same residence); 63p if age under 18; payable in January. Life Membership, ÂŁ20.

THE VEGAN Quarterly 10p Editorial Board: Kathleen Jannaway, Secretary, to whom all copy should be sent. Eva Batt, Chairman of the Council. Karl Farreil, of the Young Vegan Section.

Editorial Advisor: Jack Sanderson B.Sc. Scientific Advisor: Dr. Frey Ellis Distribution Secretary: Linda Emptage, NOTE NEW ADDRESS 53, Winstanley Crescent, Ramsgate, Kent.

Advertisement and Production Manager: Donald Scott, Shoarn's, Belchalwell, Blandford, Dorset. (Tel: Sturminster Newton 532) The Editorial Board does not necessarily agree with opinions expressed by contributors to this magazine, or endorse advertisements.

Copy Dates: 1st day of:- February for "Spring", May for "Summer", August for "Autumn", November for "Winter".

Printed by "Shoarprint", Belchalwell, Blandford, Dorset for the Vegan Society, 47, Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

EDITORIAL

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LANDSCAPE MANAGER WANTED

Salary £3,666 • £4,455 To lead the Corporation's Landscape Section, hy Jack Sanderson How refreshing and encouraging to read this new type of advertisement, Skelmersdale, situated 18 miles north-east of Liverpool, was the first of the New Towns to establish its own large-scale landscaping organisations, integrating extensive tree and shrub nurseries, a large out-door works team and a design group under one management. This proved very successful and Skelmersdale., having planted 34,000 trees, 490,000 shrubs and 560,000 whips over the past eight years, has set a precedent that others are now following. The annual planting rate of 8 - 10,000 trees and 150,000 shrubs must be sustained for many years yet if overall commitments are to be met in this fastest growing of the New Towns .

Whilst some new towns have their social problems, the greenness of Nature is not one of them. Most of our old towns however have their dismal areas - some positively ugly and others just depressing.

Yet with planning and forethought these areas can be transformed provided the will is there and the money forthcoming.

Within the conurbation of Greater London, there are all types of districts, fromattractivenew villages and pleasant dormitory areas, through square mile after square mile of regimented decaying terraced property to utterly derelict ex-industrial and commercial areas that are the epitome of grimness. Yet if present plans mature, in 50 years Greater London will give the impression of a vast woodland - the Eastern side of it will look like the Southern side, with trees , shrubs and grass everywhere. London has some attractive parks, but apart from these there is a separate organisation within the G. L.C. Housing Department whose work will greatly affect the landscape as the years pass by.

The Senior Horticultural Officer to this Department through his 9 area foremen and 350 gardeners is responsible for trimming 300 miles of hedges and cutting 1,300 acres of lawn whilst among the annual jobs are the planting of 10,000 trees, 250,000 bedding plants (repeated later in the year), 50,000 bulbs, masses of rose trees, dahlias, geraniums, marigolds, lobelia, alyssium and many others grown in their 13 area nurseries. The Officer joins in the initial planning of a new estate on development. His voice is as influential as that of the surveyor, architect or engineer. His intention is that it shall be as well treed and harmoniously landscaped as possible, using existing trees if any, and planting the favourite blossom 2

trees for colour and leafiness along with the planes, limes and chestnuts for a more permanent long term effect resulting in a woodland environment.

The price of land within the 625 square miles of Greater London continues to soar and the G.L.C. allowance of land per person is 12 square yards whilst that for garden is 20 square feet. Tree planting is not without its hazards even though smoke and grime is less troublesome than formerly. Gales are intensified by high blocks and tend to uproot young trees. Large white surfaces reflect heat in high summer and tend to dry up vegetation whilst concrete roadways and playgrounds may starve the roots of water and also cause undue pressure on them.

It is pleasing to learn that 300 elderly tenants too old to garden have a twice yearly free tidy up whilst sheltered seats and sweet smelling flowers are provided for older people whose sight is not so good as it was.

An interesting effect of the Year of the Tree in my own borough is that the annual allowance for tree planting has gone up from ÂŁ600 to ÂŁ6,000 for this and each of the next four years.

Please let us know about developments in your area as regards landscaping and tree planting, and if necessary ginger up your local authority by writing suitable letters to the councillors and the papers.

NEWS

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MEMBERS

Richard St. Barbe Baker We offer our congratulations to Richard St. Barbe Baker oh receiving the Conservation Award for 1972 from Friends of Nature, Maine, U.S.A. "in recognition of many years of dedicated service to conservation and humanity; for pioneering work, a concern for ecology and being the foremost world citizen to stress the importance of maintaining tree cover for the continued existence of all forms of life: for inspired leadership, in the fight against the destruction of forests and for afforestation of deserts; and especially for being a true Friend of'filature" in every way. and to Brian Gunn King Hon.Gen.Sec., I.V.U. who has been appointed "Senior Planner" (Development Plan) Ballymena Division, Ministry of Development in the new N.Ireland Local Govt, re organisation taking place on O c t . l s t 1973. The area to be under his care for this purpose covers some 770 sq. miles and stretches east to west from the Antrim Scenic coastal road to the Sperrin Mounts and includes most of Lough Neagh, the Antrim plateau, forests and nature reserves.

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M I N U T E S O F T H E 2 8 T H . A. G. M. O F T H E VEGAN S O C I E T Y held at the A l l i a n c e H a l l , W e s t m i n s t e r , N o v e m b e r 25th. 1972.

In the Chair - Jack Sanderson, Deputy President of the Society 45 members attended.

Chairman's Address. The Chairman welcomed the members and gave greetings from Dr. Frey Ellis President of the Society and Dr. Frank Wokes one of the vice Presidents who regretted being unable to attend.

He also announced that Eva Batt had been prevented from coming at the last minute by the sudden illness of her husband. He knew that all these long proved workers of the Society would be in the thoughts of those present. Jack Sanderson then asked for a minutes silence so that the thought of the members present could be sent to Mr. Batt. He further asked that the effect of the meeting should be to encourage the soirit of compassion and reverence for all life.

The Chairman described the year that had passed as a year of growth with more new members, the new Surrey and District Branch, the Young Vegan Section all giving evidence of new growth in the Society. He exDlained the great difficulties that had attended the publishing of the Summer "Vegan" and he Daid tribute to Donald Scott's successful production of the Autumn edition.

Turning to the future, the Chairman said that 1.973 had been designated the Year of the Tree. Everyone was becoming pollution conscious now they needed to become tree- conscious and to realise the part that trees could olay in helping man to restore a right balance in Nature.

BUSINESS OF THE MEETING The Minutes of the 1971 A.G.M. were taken as read and later duly signed.

Treasurer's Report Grace Smith apologised for not being able to present the balance sheet as due to a misunderstanding over dates with the auditor, it had not yet been received. A special A . G M . would be called to consider it later in the year. (See Future Meetings). She was however able to make a statement about the financial position of the Society. During the Dast year the Society had received more money and had soent more money.

At present there was £289 in the Current Account and £354 in the Deposit Account. The position of the Society's stocks was better than last year and we had about £900 in reserve. The Treasurer thanked everyone for their subscriptions and donations and for their willingness to save postage and her time by doing w'thout receipts. A member who had in the past generously donated £5 regularly had this year sent £40. :

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Another member had sent a camera which had been sold for ÂŁ10.

A Life Member had died and left ÂŁ100 which the Council planned to put in the Building Society against the time when the Society could afford its own premises.

Annual Report The 28th Annual Report of the Vegan Society was then read by the Secretary and the 1st Annual Report of the Y.V.S. was read by their newly aopointed publicity officer, Michael Mott. These reports were printed in the Autumn 1972 Journal.

Election of Officers The Officers-and Council, who were all standing for r e - e l e c t i o n ,

were elected without opposition. Grace Smith was re-elected as Treasurer and Mr. Leacock as Auditor and the Editorial Board consisting of Eva Batt, Frey Ellis, Karl Farrell, Kathleen Jannaway, Jack Sanderson was approved,.

Plantmilk Ltd. Veda Farrell then read a report from Plantmtlk Ltd. sent by Arthur Ling who regretted his inability to attend.

THE WAY AHEAD Deputising at the last minute for Eva Batt, Kathleen Jannaway spoke of the opportunities ahead for the developing Society. It had gained nearly twice as many new members in 1972 as it had in 1971 which had also been a good year. New Literature and posters had been produced to encourage more growth. The Society was too London dominated- there was great need for local groups and the Council was working to promote their formation. Lists of people willing to act as local contacts were being published in the "Vegan". It was hoped that as many as possible would support them and help to form groups. Some areas had no contacts as yet- they were eagerly awaited. At this time of development it was important that every member should consider making his maximum contribution. Even isolated members could be active in their own districts. Personal witness without self-righteousness or aggressiveness but with healthy well balanced lives was the best way of spreading veganism. Vegans had to convince others that their way of life was supremely important because only by learning to live according to the ethic of reverence for life could mankind survive the difficult and challenging days that lay ahead.

ANY QUESTIONS SESSION A panel of five members - Jack Sanderson, William WFight, Karl Farrell, Antony Williams and Joan Bray was then assembled to consider questions that had been sent in. Kathleen Jannaway from the Chair said that the Council was glad to have this opportunity to acquaint itself 5

with the opinions and feelings of the membershio on important questions and that therefore, after the members of the panel had spoken, discussion from the floor would be encouraged. It was hoped that during tea and afterwards back in their own districts the discussion would continue.

Question 1. Why does the Vegan Society in its advocacy of veganic gardening restrict itself by defining compost as only that made without human faeces thus breaking the Cosmic (divine) Law of Return? Note I do not advocate the use of commercial or town sewage but the full operation of the Law of Return within a vegan household and its plot.

There was general agreement that the method of disposing of sewage in to the sea was very wasteful and that it should be returned to the land, but doubt was expressed because of possible hazards to human health if it was used directly as fertiliser for food grown for human consumption. Reference was made to new ways of dealing with sewage. Members needed to study these as well as methods that have been used in various parts of the world for centuries.

Question 2. How vegan does one have to be to qualify for full membership? Some people have difficulty in getting vegan margarine. Some felt that it was permissible to eat honey. The panel and most contributors confined their remarks to the question of the use of honey - an obviously bord.'erline case. The Rules drawn up soon after the formation of the Society definitely require that full members should refrain from honey. Was it time to alter a regulation that besides barring some' from full membership prevented others from becoming even Associates in a Society that appeared to them pedantic and interfering unnecessarily with the freedom of the individual to act according to his conscience. Some early members of the Society were present and gave the assurance that the matter had been Very carefully considered when the rules were drawn up. They and others felt that to alter them would be to undermine a basic principle. Yet others felt there was a serious anomaly in that full members could continue to use wool, fur and leather and other commodities involving cruel exploitation and yet those who ate humanely produced honey were excluded. There was general condemnation of commercially produced honey from bees fed on sugar and subject to other unacceptable practices.

Many of those that were against the use of honey revealed that they knew little about bees and their habits and the relationship of mutual benefit that could exist between a concerned beekeeoer and his bees. The fact remained that honey was produced by insects that passed into it certain secretions from their body and therefore could not be described as an entirely plant product. There were many conflicting reports about the value of honey in the human diet, but none 6

claims that it is an essential food. A "snap" vote, not to be regarded as in anyway binding, was suggested by a member of the panel and revealed a majority in favour of keeping the Rule against honey.

The debate continues in other pages of this journal and it is hoped throughout the membership who should recognise the obligation to be well informed in this matter.

TEA The Chairman judged it right that tea should be served punctual'y at 4.30 but in response to an overwhelming vote from the floor undertook to convene the panel again afterwards. A lively social time and enjoyable tea followed. Members contributed to the cost of the tea that had been provided without charge by the Council and others and they showed great interest in the Literature and Plantmilk Stand.

(Taken for tea~ÂŁ4.50, for Literature-ÂŁ9.50 and for Plantmilk goods-ÂŁ5.00.

PANEL OONTINUED Question 3. How far should we co-operate with organisations like the Vegetarian Society. There seemed to be general agreement on the Panel and from the floor that the Vegan Society should co-operate as fully as possible so long as it stood firmly by its specific principles and maintained its identity.

Question 4. How wide a range of vegetables does one have to have to maintain health? Can fruit substitute for vegetables in the vegan diet.

William Wright in answering stressed the importance of a wide variety of plant foods using at the same meal different parts of the plant, root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit. Other members of the panel signified general agreement with this which i-s in accordance with the policy of the council of helping individuals to discover a satisfactory diet in accordance with their individual needs, tastes and circumstances.

Question 5. Should starchy foods be given to dogs as they have no ptyelin in their saliva? . . The short answer to this was that starch digestion can take p.lace in other parts of the digestive system beside the mouth: However a lively discussion was promoted on the whole subject of feeding pets and the question of their being kept at all.

This raises an Important issue concerned with the relationship between man and animals that deserves wide consideration. Do animals properly belong only to the wild or can they live in association with*men to the benefit of both, co-operation replacing exploitation?

The meeting closed at 6.30 but it is hoped that the discussion will go on. Members are reminded of the need to have informed minds as well as loving hearts and tender consciences. The basic ethic of Reverence for Life remains unassailable but opinions as to the best way of serving it are subject to change in a raoidly changing world society.

YOUNG VEGAN SECTION NOTEBOOK

From the Secretary, Veda Farrel.l YVS Committee Elections. The following people were elected to the YVS Committee at our A.G.M. in November, 19 72, and the office bearers were subsequently elected by the Committee: Miss A. Wright, Mrs. V. Farrell (Secretary until June 1973), and Messrs. R. Colby, K . Farrell (Chairman), M. Mott (in charge of publicity), I. Tolley (Treasurer) and A. Williams. Ian Tolley lives near Oxford and Robert Colby lives in Kent, but the rest of the Committee live in and around London.

Going Abroad This Year? This year's Congress of the International Vegetarian Union is to be held in Stockholm, Sweden, .See Page If you are planning to attend please let me know. Unfortunately, we cannot help you financially but we may be able to help in other directions. However on your return I'm sure YVS Members would like to hear what you thought of the Congress - it could be the basis for a worthwhile meeting. All those I have known who have attended IVU Congresses in the past said they enjoyed themselves in company with vegetarians from a number of other countries.

YVS Emblem. I have to date received a number of suggestions for a YVS emblem, and the Committee wishes to thank those who contributed.

Further suggestions are welcomed.

On Sat. 6th and Sun. 7th January a few YVS members went to the home of Dr. Wokes at Garston, where he runs the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre. We were able to help him with some of his work and had an enjoyable time into the bargain. We "will be going again on the w e e k e n d 3rd and 4th February so a report of that w e e k e n d will be

appearing later. If you are interested in this type of activity, the committee is in touch with many Societies which have similar aims to Vegans, and we could probably arrange something.

Cycling Club . If you are interested in cycling, be it for pleasure or just to keep fit, you may be pleased to learn that a few Vegans have been meeting at Cyranos Vegetarian Restuarant, Hampstead High Street, for the past several months on Wednesday evenings at 6.30 p.m. If you wish to join us, either come along or contact the Publicity Officer.

Michael Mott.

YOUR LETTERS - ALWAYS WELCOME Karl Farrell From time to time the YVS receives letters from people in Britain and abroad on various subjects. Often they are asking for information and sometimes they require more than this. We are always glad to receive them and it is pleasing when we can help. One problem facing many vegans living outside Britain and the USA is the difficulty they have in

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obtaining some vegan products, such as the plant milks which are so readily available here. Some countries actively restrict the sale or importation of animal milk substitutes.

One (apparently insoluble) problem common to vegans in Britain and elsewhere is our isolation from other vegans and often from vegetarians as well. For many of us then the "Vegan" is our only meaningful link with others who share, our beliefs. In the hope that through these pages we might come closer together, I invite you to make your contribution. I ask you to say what you think about veganism, about what the YVS ought to be doing, about anything that concerns you as a vegan. Personally, I am quite curious about a number of things. I wonder if there is any pattern discernable in the tyoes of occupations that young vegans choose. I know a number of vegans who are teachers and there must-be others who I don' t know. Perhaos one of them might like to tell us if it is true that education in British schools is biased against vegan principles.

YOUNG VEGANS SPRING PROGRAMME SUNDAY, 25th MARCH 2.30 p.m. Meet inside Science Museum for an interesting afternoon followed by a meal together and a Folk Da Y, 1stAPRIL 2.30 p.m. Meet at Serena Coles' home, , Purley (15 mins. Purley station, 7 mins. Riddlesdown iscussion on "Direct Action Against Cruelty to Animals" led by Ronnie Lee of Hunt Saboteurs.

SATURDAY, 14th APRIL 5 p.m. Meet at Havemore Vegetarian Restaurant 280 Romford Road, E.7. for meal and evening entertainment.

WEDNESDAY 23rd MAY Vegan Society Extraordinary General Meeting and Social. See Future Meetings.

SUNDAY 6th MAY Surrey Ramble - details later.

SPRING BANK HOLIDAY 25th - 28th MAY We are invited to visit "Vegro" the veganic garden at Tyringham Naturopathic Clinic near Newport Pagnell Bucks and it is hoped to arrange overnight accommodation. Contact Robert Colby, Hadlow College, Hadlow, Tonbridge, Kent.

SUNDAY 17th TUNE 2.30 p.m. Vegan Society Garden Party. See Future Meetings.

SUNDAY 24th TUNE 2.30 p.m. Meet Karl Farrell at Charing Cross Pier for concert across the river followed by coffee evening at 8 Basterfield House, Golden Lane, E . C . I , from 6 p.m. onwards. urther details from Michael Mott, YVS Publicity Officer, , W.3. 01-992-1624., or any Committee Member.

CONGRATULATIONS

Tristan Bray We have the glad news of a new vegan baby born to Joan and Philip Bray on January 13th - a grandson, Tristan Anthony, for our Treasurer, Grace Smith.

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FUTURE MEETINGS

April 1st, Sunday, 2.30p.m. at Serena Coles' home, , Purley. (15 mins. Purley Station, 7 mins. n).

Discussion on "Direct Action Against Cruelty to Animals" led by Ronnie Lee of "Hunt Saboteurs."

May 6th, Sunday. Surrey Walk. Please apply to Secretary for details May 23rd. Wednesday, 7.30 p.m. Extraordinary Social at Karl and Veda Farrell's home, Golden Lane, London, E . C . 1 . Member be welcome from 6.30 p.m. onwards. The E.G.M. will be a short one to consider the accounts which were not presented at the A.G.M. It will be followed by a Social at 8 p.m. Golden Lane is near the new Barbican Station.

May 27th or 28th. See YVS Programme.

June 17th, Sunday, 2.30 p.m. Vegan Society Garden Party, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey. B. 2033 off A. 24 between Dorking and Kingston or Epsom. 15 minutes Leatherhead Station, 5 minutes Town Centre, served by Green Line Coaches 712 and 714 and several buses. Ask for Leatherhead Parish Church on the Dorking Road.

July 28th - August 4th, 22nd World Vegetarian Congress, VERY IMPORTANT Please attend to this

Dr. Armstrong of Oxford University plans to conduct research into the causes of death among vegans. He is particularly interested in the idea that a vegan diet may protect against cancer of the colon. He wishes to have the names of all members of the Society - past and present - and to check cause of death with the Registrar General. He requires no contact with individual vegans and all information gleaned will be treated as strictly confidential. Will any member who does not wish his name or the name of any relative who has died to be included on the list please inform the Secretary immediately. It is felt that all members will be very concerned that this important piece of research should go forward but that any who wish should have the opoortunity to withdraw their names.

WHICH

The February Edition of "Which" has an interesting article on margarines.

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WHAT'S

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ILFRACOMBE

A NEW VEGAN COOKERY BOOK WRITTEN AND COLLATED BY

EVA BATT

WITH SOME VALUED ASSISTANCE FROM NUTRITIONAL SCIENTISTS AND OTHERS. THE H A R D , G R E A S E RESISTANT COVER DESIGNED BY G E O F F R E Y RUDD, IS BOTH FUNCTIONAL AND ATTRACTIVE AND THE MODERN LAY F L A T BINDING A DISTINCT ASSET IN USE. A WELL THOUGHT OUT PRODUCTION COVERING COOKED AND UNCOOKED FOODS AND SAMPLES OF PLANNED MENUES. NEWCOMERS TO THE VEGAN WAY OF L I F E (WHO SOMETIMES HAVE DOUBTS ABOUT THE ADEQUACY OF THE DIET) WILL BE PARTICULARLY INTERESTED IN THE NUTRITIONAL ADVICE, THE VARIETY OF THE DISHES AND SIMPLICITY O F THE WORDING. Publication Date MARCH 25th.

PRICE P l u s 20p postage and packing f r o m the L i t e r a t u r e S e c r e t a r y £

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SPECIAL O P F E R to m e m b e r s of the Vegan and Vegetarian Societies only (please statej.

A n u m b e r of copies in the f i r s t edition will be personally autographed and a full size "PLUS CHAMMY" will be sent absolutly f r e e with the compliments of the publisher

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Twenty Second World Vegetarian Congress, Saturday Sat.July 2.8th - Sat.August 11th (post-congress holiday to Sat.August 11th).

The International Vegetarian Union, whose Honorary Secretary is our well known friend Brian Gunn-King, is holding the 22nd World Vegetarian Congress in Sweden this year at the beautiful Reso Hotel Congress Centre, Ronneby Brunn, Blekinge Province. Here is an opportunity to combine a wonderful holiday with service of the highest importance to the vegan cause It is hoped that as many of our members as possible will go to present the vegan ideal and to gather ideas of developments in many different departmei of human thought and in many parts of the world that theiy can bring back to share with those of us who cannot go. Twenty two different countries will 1 represented and among the themes explored will be:- environmental pollution, vegetarian children, ancient Indian wisdom of nutrition, veganic norticulture. Simultaneous translation into English will operate in all the main sessions. There will be a wide choice of sports and leisure time activities and many interesting visits have been arranged for the ensuing holiday week. Accommodation available varies from family suites and hotel rooms to Youth Hostel and Camping Ground. Great care is being taken to provide vegan meals and a special consignment of Plamil being dispatched.

The Swedish Vegetarian Society is celebrating its seventieth anniversar; this year and bok upon the Congress as an important way of spreading their ' ideals of "health, humanity and fraternity." May many of our countrymen and many of'our Vegan Society be in Sweden this August to help them.

The Congress fee is 90 Skroner which must be paid in advance (after July 1st this will be raised to 115 Skroner). Fuller details and booking forms are obtainable from: Brian Gunn-King, Braidjule, Ballycloghan, Nr. Broughshane, Antrim, N. Ireland.

I.V.U. Emblem Competition There is still time to enter the competition for an I.V.U. Emblem for use on notepaper, publications and badges. Final date of entry is May 1st to.

Brian Gunn-King (address above). Selection will be made and prizes (ÂŁ> U.S.A. 125.00, Sf 75.00 and 50.00) sponsored by the Marquis Francisco de St. Innocent awarded', at the Congress. Send one copy on good quality drawing paper white, in black waterproof ink with the whole design not exceeding 20 millimetres in diameter and including the letters I.V.U. in a monogram and a second copy not exceeding 10 centimetres on similar paper in three colours for poster work. Artist's name and address and length of time as full vegetarian on the back.

Would you like to live and serve veganism in Jugoslavia? Members in Dubrovnik, a beautiful district on edge of the Adriatic, would like help in organising a centre for promoting the vegan cause. Accommodation is available. Please send full details about yourself and your ideas to the Secretary for forwarding.

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A 1945 BABY

Serena Coles It was especially interesting for me to read of Ruth Howard's experience with her wartime baby and to learn that she was able to overcome the doom prophesied at the ante-natal clinic, for I had a similar experience Right at the end of my pregnancy I discovered that the baby was in the wrong position. I pointed the fact out to the doctor who told me that there would have to be a caesarian birth and a specialist was engaged. My husband was in the navy, and I did not want to alarm my friends, so I did not tell anyone • Looking back I cannot think how Nature could have veiled my mind so completely for, at twelve midnight of the same day when the birth contractions began and I should have rung the doctor so that arrangements for the specialist to attend could have been made, I had completely forgotten about the caesarian birth'. I decided I could wait for a few hours before ringing for the ambulance to take me to the nursing home; However.

John (whose name means Love) was not a caesarian although he did decide to enter the world as a "Breach" with extended legs and suffering from white asphyxia.

For two days I was not allowed to have him. He was fed on Nestles Milk, and I was told that I would never be able to feed him. Exhausted though I was by the birth, I determined to try and made a bet with the Sister that I would succeed . Two weeks later his weight had risen from 61bs 5ozs. to 61bs 1307.S. with breast feeding. He continued to make good progress and was not completely weaned until he was nine and a half months old.

Unfortunately my experience of vegetarianism was only two years old and that of veganism only one, but I determined to bring up my son as a v e g a n . Sieved foods, mainly conservatively cooked vegetables apples and pru.n.es were gradually introduced from the age of five months The juice of soaked raisins was given and rose hips syruo. Radiostol was used for the essential vitamin D and carrot juice for vitamin A . New foods were added at intervals until by weaning time he had a varied, well balanced vegan diet Blancmange made of carageen and pure fruit juice or blackcurrant puree were given, and sifted Pitman's nut cream . Wholemeal rusks home baked, and grated nuts were introduced as he grew older and muesli became a regular dish • In those days I had not heard of B12 and Plamil, Granogen and Barmene were still to be produced, but I was a firm believer in Carageen Moss and in using a wide variety of fruit and vegetables. Unfortunately ours were not compost grown.

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I had to sign a form to say that I would not have him vaccinated He did not produce his first tooth until he was nine months of age, but at ten and a half months he was well away with his walking and climbing A medical officer of health saw him at two years of age and remarked upon the sturdiness of him and looked incredulous when told that John had been brought up without animal food. He was in the garden most days because fresh air is an essential for a healthy child- Many people commented on his rosy face and happy contented behaviour.

High temperatures were always treated by giving pure fruit juices only until the temperature had remained normal for twenty-four hours after which a day on uncooked foods followed. He inherited catarrhal tendencies and bronchial trouble which appeared when he was cutting his teeth. These disappeared after fasting and cold compresser on the abdomen (covered with a dry towel) to relieve congestion Until the age of nine years these tendencies continued. Every time he went into a new form at school he had an attack. After that age he appeared to gain more confidence and had no more trouble. This is mentioned in order to accentuate the fact that wrong feeding is not the only cause of illness We are what we eat, drink, think and feel and I firmly believe that the emotions affect our physical selves more than any other factor.

John rema ned a healthy vegan for seventeen years and is still one when at home but he is sometimes vegetarian when eating o u t .

Considering that his father is not a vegetarian, I feel very blest.

Our children must learn in their own time and at their own pace, we fail in our work as parents if we deny them the experience of learning for themselves.

N.B. Readers attention is drawn to the importance that this writer as previous writers in the ".Vegan" gives to the provision of Vitamin D. This is not present in plants but can be obtained from irradiated vegan margari plantmilks and vegan Vitamin D tablets (Adexolin by Glaxo in liquid form is vegan) as well as by exposing the skin - with discretion to sunlight. Tablets should not be taken except under expert supervision.

Vega Vitamin D deficiency is not a specifically vegan hazard. Dairy products are not a reliable source. Wartime children on "fortified margarine" were found to fare better in this respect.

Children's Register The Vegan Council would be grateful for the names of any children being brought up as vegans.

13

Our Father, Jlinydatn Who art in Heaven., Hallowed be thy name.

Thy kingdom come on earth, as 'it is in Heaven.

For then, O Father, The bull-ring shall be emDty of anguish, The slaughter-house a thing of the past.

Those who talk about thy love Will no longer eat their fellow creatures.

At last they will have seen Thee Looking at them through patient, pleading eyes.

0 Father then thy love will be felt and known There - where it has always been waiting In the souls of men • Then, oh then, we shall not take life Thoughtlessly or needlessly, But only with compassion To end suffering, Or to add to the beauty and fulfilment Of the whole.

Until then, O Father, I will remind them.

1 will whisoer the words in the dark.

I shall write them there, by the river's edge, In the grasses, in the rushes' Where the otter-hunt gathers in ridiculous c l o t h e s .

Oh - I shall write them On the edge of the dinner plates Where the lamb died in the sun And is cut into little pieces And covered with mint sauce.

I shall write them plainly, Unmistakably, repeatedly, Where the grouse is shot out of the blue sky.

By 'sportsmen' Where the tamed pheasant Is frightened into its short last flight.

Oh - I shall write them Not only where men kill strangers Of their own kind, Where the napalm flares, Or the tanks roll, 14

Game

Or savagery is unleashed from man to man; But where the little things are hurt And where creatures die without meaning Or purpose.

For their kingdom matters to me O Lord , And I shall speak for the voiceless To the end of my days.

And I say this, And I say it fearlessly and clearly That as long as men are capable Of hurting the weak And the defenceless, They shall not know peace Among their own kind.

As they have caused fear from: At The Acacia House Centre So shall they live in fear Of each other (Derek Neville. Itteringham Mill Until they learn to listen To the wind Norwich Norfolk.

Of the spirit.

REMEMBERING

Dorothy Matthews We are sorry to report the death of Dorothy Matthews at the age of 82. A vegan for thirty years she lived a life of active service until nearly the end and inspired many by her faith and gentleness and keen understanding of their needs. As a girl her studies had been interrupted by ill health but she persevered, took an honours degree in English and with her friend Florence Surfleet organised the Matthew Surfleet School for Speaking and Writing in Hampstead. Many a speaker for progressive causes owe their effectiveness to her understanding and skilful teaching. She was a member of the Society of Friends, worked for the abolition of the death penalty and for the New Education Fellowship. Several of her books of poetry have been published and only last year she wrote Life is tender and joyous, Thrills the movement.

Full of vitality and delight, The achieving the understanding, Of wonders and mysteries, The coming through the dark tunnel Full of striving and. sorrow.

Into joy and completion.

Yet even through the striving and sorrow

THE HONEY QUESTION Readers letters summarised by the Secretary Sixteen letters were received on the question of the use of honey by members of the Vegan Society. Three were strongly against any alteration in the regulations, three writers felt strongly that the eating of honey should not be a ban to full membership. The rest took up positions along the line between the two extremes.

To quote from the case against:"To be classed as vegan, foods should be 1. From vegetable or mineral kingdom only without elaboration, digestion or adulteration by any fellow creatures from the animal (including the insect) world.

2. Be nutritious and wholesome and not toxic or stimulating or otherwise harmful to the body.

3. Not involve even the exploitation - or stealing from or trading with the creatures, let alone, killing them however incidentally to the task of obtaining what we want from them.

Honey fails on all of these."

BUT counting men (the most ruthlessly exploited animals of all) and t h e myriads of soil creatures,no food p a s s e s the first test; there is no

agreement about the second and the third raises the whole question of man's relationship with animals. Is there to be no room for cooperation and mutual service? Are not all forms of life interdependent?

To quote from the case for "Healthwise there is no convincing argument against honey" "We need plenty of bees to pollinate flowers" "The more extreme the regulations the smaller the movement and the madder it seems to the outside world."

All letters were quite clear that honey should not be used if it were taken from hives where bees were mutilated or roughly treated or fed on white sugar in lieu of honey taken. This would cut out most, if not all commercially produced honey. Some writers would be glad to hear of producers that could give completely reliable guarantees. These would need to be checked by disinterested observers. Few could be in the position of one member who wrote 16

"My friend and neighbour has six hives and during the season we can go with an empty tin and stand among hundreds of bees while she lets a comb drip into our container. No one gets stung. The bees seem happy to share with u s . " Another writer expresses her faith in the possibility of communication and co-operation between man and the insect world. Perhaps the writer who wrote of the beekeeper whose "leather gauntlets were riddled with bee stings DESPITE his having thoroughly smoked the hive" should have written "BECAUSE he behaved as an enemy to the bees."

Some letters revealed that their writers were still labouring under mis-conceptions a s to the b e e s anatomy, physiology^motivation and

honey producing capacities. Perhaps they will read carefully Donald Scott's article which followsjthe article in the Autumn 1972 issue and the relevant chapter in Marie Dreyfus' "Crimes Against Creation".

It is usually ignorance that leads to intolerance.

Some correspondents felt that some adjustments should be made in membership regulations so that those "who have more enthusiasm for our cause than many full members should not have that enthusiasm damped."

Others would remind them that honey is not an essential food.

"We can get along way on fruit and nuts, " and can explore "the delights of maple syrup" or grow the "perennial herb Sweet Cicely if we have a sweet vegan tooth". But what a waste to let surplus f'ood go uneaten in a hungry world.

To sum up: - There is clearly no case for a "Yes or No" vote on this issue, but the exercise will have been worthwhile if it has made members better informed, more understanding and less tempted to make sweeping generalizations.

N.B. The Editorial Board regrets that, in error, honey appeared as an ingredient in Festive Recipes in the last issue.

SHOULD VEGANS EAT HONEY (a beekeeper's point of view) by Donald Scott The Case Against People who are "kept by bees" (as opposed to those that keep bees) must be numbered with the others of our race who exploit for selfish ends.

Some back-garden apiarists must.be included in this category.

Because they are motivated by greed and have involved the bees in a commercial enterprise there is no room for 'sentiment' (as welfare and concern for sentient life is contemptuously described). An instance of the sort of situation that vegans could not countenance would be during the inspection of a colony when the hive is opened up part 17

by part by someone in a hurry and indifferent to bees being crushed in the process, and probably saying: "There are plenty more where they came from". Because of the fears of being stung colonies are sometimes subjected to very rough treatment. Queens in some apiaries have a wing clipped to prevent flying and swarms leaving the hive. This mutilation although painless does cause frustration and seems at best distasteful. An unskilled person making his own hives, or someone using old hives where the wood is warped and worn often has what is literally bee-crushing equipment.

Although not all, these are some of the worst offences to bees in Britain. No doubt there are more wicked things done to bees because the human mind knows no depths. But the evil practices sometimes recorded by the vegan press (such as blinding the queen) must be so rare as to be discounted as part of beekeeping and honey production.

Indeed, unless such statements can be substansiated they bring only scorn on the vegan movement, and when 'real' facts are presented these are also treated with scepticism and disbelief.

In sunnier climates where nectar is readily available bees, like all other forms of life in such places, are more easily reproduced.

This leads to callous treatment such as that practised in parts of the USA where bees are used to pollinate fruit trees. The bees are placed in small hives in the orchards and having served their purpose, because they are so cheaply replaced are left to be destroyed when the trees are sprayed with insecticide (current development in mechanical-fruit-pollination may lead to bees being unnecessary for this purpose.) In Canada at the end of the clover season, previous to taking the honey, the bees are killed because it is cheaper to fly new colonies up from California in the spring than to over-winter the bees. Where such an attitude prevails, even when bees are not destroyed in total, one can readily imagine the indifference to bee life when the honey is taken.

Commercial honey production in any part of the world must always be suspect unless completely reliable guarantees of humane treatment of the bees can be obtained.

The Case For. People who "keep bees" (as opposed to those who are "kept by bees") have a tender regard for each individual insect and - without exaggeration - they can be regarded as protectors and benefactors of bees.

For example, when Mother Nature with cruel indifference drives the bee-colony to increase its numbers to bursting point a swarm is born and a new colony begins. If the mortality among wild bees was not excessively high the land would soon be plagued by them.

Beekeepers control this swarming impulse thus avoiding mass death, and when swarming does occur they house and feed the new colony which would otherwise linger and die - especially in a 18

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When Inhaled its Influence on the respiratory tract quickly shows itself by clearing catarrhal and bronchial congestion, freeing the nasal and bronchial passages and clearing the head.

Applied to the skin it penetrates deeply giving a comfortable feelIng of warmth which helps to soothe away the miserable pains of rheumatic conditions, neuralgia, pleurisy and bronchitis.

Used as a gargle Olbas Oil is a great boon to sufferers from sore throat, loss of voice and laryngitis. 2 or 3 drops.on a spoonful of honey will relieve troublesome coughs.

In so many ways, Olbas Oil-the Potent Plant Remedy-can be a boon to sufferers from so many things. Available at your health food store price 68p for a 28ml. phial. Trial size 30p.

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I

typical English summer. At these times feeding with sugar syrup is the only known way of keeping bees alive. The hojrror associated with "sugar feeding" is firstly, on principle, when too much of the gathered honey has been taken from the hive, and secondly because sugar can be converted by the bees into a honey-substitute and sold as pure honey.

This same "Life Force" which brings about swarming impels the worker to gather nectar and store honey long, long after they have enough for their needs. The beekeeper defends this hard won store against their natural enemies, such as mice and wasps. Do not imagine that any surfeit would necessarily see the bees through a lean summer if the beekeeper did not take it. Problems other than starvation often face a bee colony. A hive of 50,000 bees might (and often does) lose it's queen in the Autumn and although possessing as much as 1 cwt of honey the bees, not having the will to live, would gradually die if the kindly beekeeper did not render aid in the form of a new queen.

A healthy colony heeds about 401bs of honey for food during the winter and spring. Quantities of a hundredweight of honey in a hive are by no means uncommon. So the excess, in all sincerity, can be considered as waste. This substance has been collected from plants which freely gave it, processed by the bees during their normal lives without being subjected to exploitation, frustration or harm, and has become surplus to their own requirements. When this "extra" honey is carefully taken away with skill at the correct time, the bees are not even aware of what is happening. Surely a tree feels more when an apple is plucked from it than the bees feel when some of their unwanted wealth is taken by the beekeeper?

It is difficult to imagine a more innocent pastime than keeping a hive or two of bees, being both materially and spiritually rewarding.

The close affinity with living insect bodies, associated with sunshine and plant life and the four seasons, gives the "keeper of bees" an. inexplicable sense of all creation and the Infinite.

Unfortunately such beekeepers produce only about a half per cent of the honey requirements of this country and they probably eat the product themselves or give it away.

Conclusion There are no scientific grounds for supposing that honey is anything other than a substance of plant origin. The addition of enzymes by the bees can be likened to the manufacturing process of any vegan food.

The near magical properties frequently attributed to it are sheer rubbish the results of pagan imagination and modern salesmanship-'. Likewise some sections of the vegan movement condemn honey in a hysterial way such as claiming that the queen injects poison into each cell before 19

the honey is sealed over. There is no evidence or indication that this happens and critics of the vegan-way-of-life knowing such statements to be false probably disregard much other vegan evidence although it may well be true. Unless a person has a thorough knowledge of a subject the facts should be checked, and re-checked, before being written or spoken about.

There seems little doubt that, in moderation, honey is a wholesome food, outstanding in a world dominated by the artificial, the substitute and the highly flavoured. Yet vegans have to ask themselves, even if honey is humanely obtained, and they are convinced that it is a plant substance, "Miat are the implications of eating i t ? " The most dangerous would seem to be that non-vegans would see such action as a stamp of approval on a hard and unsympathetic business where bee welfare is of no account.

Perhaps the eating of honey (when it is got without harm to bees) should not be a bar to full membership of the Vegan Society. But should vegans set an example by eating only 'humanely produced honey' they must remember that the cold economic facts of this world make it impossible to forsee a time when honey will be produced, by standards they approve of, in a sufficient quantity to meet the demand, while giving a fair return to the beekeeper for his labour .

OUR VEGAN DOGS We have two dogs, Wilfred, a Scottie about seven years old (we were told that he was two when we took him in because he was going to be destroyed) and Boo-Boo, a Collie/Spaniel mongrel bitch. She is 4-f years old and we had her as a puppy from a nearby animal sanctuary.

Wilfred is grumpy and Boo-Boo is gentle. They are nearly inseparable.

We were not even vegetarians when we got them, so they started their life with us on ordinary doggie food. They progressed to being vegetarian then, 2f years ago, to vegan along with us. Their diet consists of Granose nutmeat, Protoveg flavoured with Barmene, rissoles, raw and cooked vegetables of all kinds, as we have, and biscuits made at home from wholewhat flour, soya flour, sometimes Muesli base and Froment and flavoured with Barmene. These ingredients are mixed into a dough, formed into balls, and baked hard.

They took to their diet readily and we did not experience any difficulty with the changeover. We weaned them off flesh foods gradually onto eggs and cheese, and then protoveg and vegan foods. We don't know what we would have done if they had not taken to their new diet.

We were concerned about them getting their correct nourishment and yet could not justify having an animal killed to feed them. They still pick up a bone if they find one, but once when they were given meat without our knowledge they vomited soon afterwards. Both dogs always seem healthy and are full of energy. .

B a r r y

20

&

L l n d a

E m p t a g e

EARTH WORMS Based on a paper by Frank Wokes Cyril Vesey and Mary Ranwe.ll read at V.N.R.C 's A.G.M. at Tyringham Clinic on Tune 11th 1972 The cycle of life on-this planet is based on photosynthesis in olants They absorb by means of their green pigment the energy of sunlight and store It in a form in which we can use it for food either directly or indirectly after it has been converted into meat and milk. Long before mar began to grow crops for food there was a natural food cycle involving plants and animals Only by studying this cycle carefully can we learn how best to'use modern agricultural methods.

Humus a vital part of the living soil on which our crops depend is built up almost entirely from plants. Yet in it a vital part is played by animals and micro organisms particularly in the form of earthworms and bacteria. Darwin's classical book on the role of earthworms in different countries and climates shows their world wide significance. He showed that earthworms helo to form humus from plant material. This passes through their intestines in which small stones grind it down to a fine powder releasing the minerals which can be extracted by the plant roots.

Intestinal secretions bind this powder producing a soil texture which prevents the minerals from being leached out too rapidly.

Some modern agricultural methods interferewith the natural process .

The excessive use of some inorganic fertilisers can retard or even stop the production of humus by the earthworm This precious material on which the living soil depends takes about five years per inch layer to build uo and this capital fertility may be gradually lost without our being aware of it until little or none is left. Edwards & Lofty (1172) summarise a great deal of recent work on earth worms and soil fertility.

The increasingly common and short sighted practice of burning fibrous plant residues robs the soil and the earthworm of this material and hence lowers the humus content of the soil • B12 in the Soil Lester Smith felt (1966/67) that vegans could probably manage without foods supplemented with B12 if they were not fastidiously hygienic'.' Primitive people may have got their requirements from their unwashed naturally grown vegetables. Now, however, we need to obtain our supply of B12 not_on but in our food. Those living only on unfortified Dlant foods are asking if plants could not be made to take uo B12 from the soil through being grown in compost rich in the vitamin.

21

Dr Jack Hannay in the Botany Department of Imperial' College, London has been collaborating with us and other colleagues for some years trying to solve this problem. Cabbages grown in water cultures have been shown to contain enough B12 to meet more than the daily requirement- Parallel with these investigations , Pfau and Kallistrates (1961) have shown that C60-B12 can be taken uo by Vicia Faba (broad bean) roots from water and sand culture- The next steD is to find whether cabbages and other vegetables can pick up sufficient B12 from compost. This is where the earthworms come into the picture.

Vitamin B12 does not usually occur in Dlant residues but earthworms casts are rich in it. It is probably produced by the action of certain bacteria in the earthworms intestines.

Animal excreta from both herbivores and carnivores contain high concentrations of vitamin B12- This is mixed with larger amounts of B12 analogues which do not possess the characteristics physiological activity for mammals of the true vitamin B12 .

A few soil micro organisms and invertebrates also produce certain amounts of B12 intermingled with their analogues. However, by far the largest amounts and highest concentrations of B12 occur in earthworms.

The findings of Pfau and Kallistratos, taken in conjunction with our own and Dr Hannay's provide evidence that, at least under certain conditions, vitamin B12 can be taken up by plants. Why then is there so much difficulty in finding any significant amount of the vitamin in staple plant foods? Work on compost and earthworms may provide an answer.

Careful research is needed in this matter which is closely bound up with the role of plant foods In the solution of the world food problem .

Local Groups & Contacts

Mr. R.Butterworth , Ches.

WEST GERM .

HOLLAND A new vegetarian and vegan group has been launched in Cornwall, by Christopher Shilling well supported by vegans and vegetarians from as far afield as Saltash. Thirty attended the first meeting in January, a committee was formed and it was agreed to have monthly meetings in different parts of Cornwall. Christopher Shilling wou uld like to attend. His address is Truro, Cornwall.

22

LIFE SUPPORT GARDENING by , Essex.

Today there are hundreds of young people talking of "Life Support Gardening" when far too many.gardens support only motor mowers.

Every garden can make a welcome contribution towards supporting a family with an inflation proof food supply, grown without pesticides, chemical fertilisers or animal manures added by the gardener. It is not possible (except in a hydroponic tank) to garden without the dead bodies and the excreta of all the living creatures which the soil supports from birds and worms to beetles and bacteria.

There never has been a veganic race in Britain in the past, because our wild roots, mushrooms, berries fruits and foliage to not supply year round protein, so prehistory and history supplemented its diet by fishing hunting and stock raising. We, with the legumes and nuts of the world to choose from, can have a healthy veganic diet, but we depend very much on soya beans and lentils. To grow our own food in our own gardens, we need legumes that suit our climate, are storable through the winter and provide the necessary balance of aminoacids for a healthy diet. Soya beans are good, but many hungrier people need them more tha n we do.

The Henry Doubleday Research Association, is a registered charity of the kind that gives away knowledge, not money of which it has little^composed of some 2,900 amateur gardeners and others concerned with gardening and farming without chemicals, and with research to improve these methods. It is also concerned with research on pollution where this concerns the land, and with food quality and malnutrition. In 1973 an experiment in Life Support Gardening begins in its Trial Ground at Bocking, Braintree, Essex.

The first step is the amino-acid determination of a number of peas and beans that will grow well in Britain and harvest dry, with higher yields and less weather sensitivity than the white seeded runners that can be dried as butter beans, and the two hardy haricots.

Perhaps a hundred Members will receive sets of these nine potential protein builders for British gardeners to find out yields, and how to grow on a garden scale what is already thriving on farms.

IMPORTANT It is much simpler and to our financial advantage it ail money from abroad is sent in the form of INTERNATIONAL MONEY ORDERS. 23

Putting a greater area under peas and beans not only grows needed protein for vegans but supplies ample nitrogen for veganic gardening as well as compost material for seaweed activated heaps Other work on clubroot control by the H.D.R.A. may well improve winter crop production.

The H.D.R.A. needs the help of vegans and vegetariaiswith this work but their major need is for a determined couple of vegans willing to live in a caravan and time themselves on the life support garden..

Though the crop would not be ready till late summer, seed will be bought so that the taste and cooking qualities can be tested. The couple would learn veganic gardening, though sewage sludge and animal manures are used on the Trial Ground in other areas for different experiments .

No salary is offered, but there would be no expenses, and the propaganda value would be immense. The results would also be of value to vegans from poverty rather than choice;-card board is entirely vegetable, but it is not a good diet for the elderV, who need the knowledge which this experiment could win.

TYRINGHAM NATUROPATHIC CLINIC A vegetarian friend and myself are from next March going to rent the kitchen garden and orchard at Tyringham Clinic, and convert them into a commercial market garden cum nursery. We will'be growing organically and without using manure from exploited animals and fertilisers

produced from slaughterhouse wastes. We may not however be strictly veganic as we may use human wastes especially as the clinic has its own septic tank etc.

We are anxious to supply the produce to people who will appreciate it, so if anyone living within a reasonable distance of Newport Pagnell would care to write to me, we will try and arrange something.

Robert Colby, Hadlow College of Agriculture, Nr. Tonbridge, Kent.

ARTICHOKES

T.W. Cox who has a market garden offers artichoke tubers for planting - 1 Op lb. He recommends them as a nutritious winter vegetable that should be grown near compost heaps as they attract earthworms. He also recommends the perennial Good King H e n r y as an alternative to spinach.

24

The A s h r a m , R e d m o o r , B o d m i n , C o r n w a l l .

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A new super all vegan cookery book by Eva Batt. Published March 25th at ÂŁ1.25.

We greatly appreciate the odd items of commodities news sent in by members from time to time, and now that Linda Emptage, our Journal Secretary, has kindly undertaken the research on the household and cosmetics side we hope to be able to considerably increase the information available to members.

Hydrogenated Vegetable Fats Messrs. Mapleton's, in answer to another keen commodities member, have been very helpful in replying to questions about margarines and nut butters etc.

We quote the relevant parts of their letters: Margarine: "It is true to say that all margarine contains some hydrogenated oil, although one cannot be specific about inclusion quantities.

The recognised new type, so-called 'soft' margarines do, in general, contain less hard oil than the older 'block' type."

(Unfortunately none of these, so far, are Vegan. E.B.) "Nutter and Suenut do not contain any hydro-genated oil whatsoever and both are made of 100% vegetable f a t s . " " . . . SOYANUTTA . . . i s manufactured solely from natural products incorporating unhydrogenated vegetable oil, which has merely been refined and deodorised."

Cashew Cream "This is entirely composed of the milled cashew nuts, no additions are made whatever."

Almond Cream "This is made in a similar manner but we add a trace of pure almond oil for additional flavour. " Tudor Food Products confirm that the following Smith's Crisps are still Vegan: Ready Salted, Salt & Vinegar, Pickled Onion, Tomato Sauce, and Cheese^N' Onion.

Nazer's Ltd. Make various curries, pickles, sauces, p'oppadums etc. and they assure us that all are Vegan with the exception of Dhanchak sauce (which contains milk). However we noticed that prawn balichow is not excluded from their lists of supposedly Vegan Foods presumably an oversight.

25

Food Supplements . ^12 We have recently received a number of letters asking for the name of a Vegan B12 tablet. We have checked with Messrs. Lane's Health Products who assure us that their Vegevit B12, Sea Green, Wild Ocean Kelp and Dry E (Vit E) tablets all remain Vegan.

Vitamin D Adexolin Liquid, a Glaxo product, is not derived from any animal source. However, in capsule form it would not be acceptable to Vegans or "Vegetarians as animal gelatine is used.

Remedies and Cosmetics Oil of Ulay does not contain any animal fats, Lanolin or Hormones and is, say the makers Garsalle, quite suitable for Vegans.

Potter's Skin Clear is also Vegan.

Harmony Hair Spray by Elida "contains no animal matter whatever'.

However some of the shampoos - they do not specify contain lanolin and animal-based collagens and are not Vegetarian.

Messrs. Shadier confirm that their products 'Peel of Orange' and 'Eucaliptol' shampoos, Herbal Rosemary Foam Bath and Dannex Dandruff Treatment are all Vegan.

Liquafruta, by Sanitas, is a herbal product and entirely Vegan.

Household Products Beaucaire dry cleaning fluid by Eucryl is Vegan 1001 Carpet Shampoo by Cussons is Vegan Answers to Enquiries 'Waistline' Salad Dressing (Crosse and Blackwell) is not Vegan - it contains an animal-based Emulsifier.

Familia Bio-Birchermuesli and Baby Food both contain Honey.

Messrs. Itona would like to reassure our readers who have made enquiries recently about their Ham Chunks flavour textured vegetable protein. Ham Chunks are entirely Vegan but unfortunately other Itona flavours do not conform to our standards. So far, Itona have not made an unflavoured variety, but may do so in the future.

An addition to the vegan table is being introduced by Plantmilk Ltd. in the form of a "PLAMIL SALAD DRESSING" which, in keeping with its mandate is - like its other lines - completely vegan. Composed of plantmilk, sunflower oil, cider vinegar, herbs etc. it is also food reform.

Ever since the Company was formed, it has tried to produce a cheese substitute and has carried out considerable research in this field.

Plantmilk Ltd. now plans to introduce a "cheese" spread (based on soya) on the market shortly. It could well be on your table during the Spring.

Yes the NEM hand mincers for nuts, bread, vegetables, etc. are still available - the prices being ÂŁ1.50 and ÂŁ1.90.

They are sold through Health Food Stores and if not obtainable in your district write to the distributors: Premier Services (London) Ltd., 11, Central Hill, London, S.E. 19. 1BG. 26

Footwear The spring 1973 range of Dunlop Casualaires and Lazabouts are entirely free of any leather or suede in any part. The Ca sua la ire range includes six good, comfortable styles of ladies walking shoes with Vinyl uppers, sizes 3 - 8 and the Lazabouts, of which there are sixteen models, include shoes for juveniles (10 - 2), women (3-8), boys (2-5) and men (6-11). All can be recommended with confidence.

Marbot Shoes by Bata Marbot for Men Four lace up models and two slip on, in the modern 'Chunky' styles. Sizes 6-11 in Vinyl.

Marbot Essex for Boys with Poromeric uppers. Three styles .

Sizes 11-55.- As they have leather counterparts we include the part numbers of the Vegan ones: 11-4114, 11-6114, lace up 31-4117, 31-6117 elasticated monk style 31-4116 and 31-6116 slip on.

Marbot Chevalier for Boys Three models with Porvalr Poromeric uppers (sizes and £ sizes 11-5) 11-4103, 11-6103 and 11-5103 Lace up.

John White Shoes for Men with Porvair uppers in the'New Town' range.

(Classic Styles).

5910 2-hole tie shoe in Black Porvair (in Burgundy 591 IS) 5912 elasticated slip-on in Black Porvair.

5914S similar to above with instep trim in Black Porvair (in Brown 5915S) 5916 3-hole tie with apron front in Black Porvair (in Burgundy 5917) 5913 elasticated slip-on in nut brown grain Porvair. All in sizes and j sizes 6-11.

(Non-leather linings on all the above recently introduced).

John White 'Gibson' Range Two lace-up styles with the current 'heavier' look 4708 semi brogue in Black Zylee and 4709 with fashion toecap in Burgundy Zylee 4706 Fancy Apron front in Black Zylee (in Burgundy 4707) Sizes and £ sizes 6-11.

The John White range of Men's Slippers includes four very good styles with simulated leather uppers in various colours. Sizes 6-11. Look for No's 8107 or '8, 8114, 8109 (a jolly red), and 8112 or "3.

For Ladies From the same make there are seven gaily coloured Sandals of various types in sizes 3-8. Look for 0031, '2'3'4'5'6 and 0023.

John White Shoes for Boys Junior League Range. These six styles havt uppers of Porvair and, as with all the others listed here, contain no leather in any part. Part No's to ask for are: 5550 ' 1.' 2 ,' 3 ,'4 , or 5556 .

Sizes and £ sizes 11-5-j.

27

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS ( lp p e r word - min. 2 5 p ) FOR U P - T O - D A T E LIST of V e g e t a r i a n Guest Houses and R e s t a u r a n t s p l e a s e send s t a m p to S e c r e t a r y of V e g e t a r i a n C a t e r i n g A s s o c i a t i o n Kathleen Keleny, Coombe Lodge, Wooton-underEdge, Glos.

DUBROVNIK - YUGOSLAVIA. New Vegan o f f e r s a c c o m m o d a t i o n in old cottage. Self contained pavilion (furnished) also available. 100-200 D i n a r s daily. Guest willing to help with c h o r e s r e d u c e d r a t e s . Box 101, Vegan, Belchalwell, BJ.andford, Dorset.

YOUTH SECTION - VEGETARIAN SOCIETY. An organisation f o r people 12-29. F u t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m Youth Section S e c r e t a r y , c / o The V e g e t a r i a n Society (UK) Ltd. , 53,Marloes Rd. .London, W. 8.

YOUNG VEGAN LADY r e q u i r e d with e x p e r i e n c e in' p r e p a r i n g vegan food, f o r Company D i r e c t o r on the Isle of White. Reply stating age and qualifications to Box 103. Vegan, S h o a r n ' s , Belchalwell, Blandford, D o r s e t .

"HONKY" the moving best selling s t o r y of a grey, lag gander. 53p including postage. I l l u s t r a t e d by Gwendolyn Hart. Obtainable f r o m : D e r e k Neville, I t t e r i n g h a m Mill, N o r w i c h , N o r f o l k 17Y. WANTED Copies of "The Unending Q u e s t " and of "The Yoga of Health Youth an ir Paul Dukes.

A . J . Pettitt, B r o m l e y , Kent. BR1 3ER. MARRIED C O U P L E (deaf) in their sixties would like to h e a r f r o m m a t u r e ladies who would like to e m i g r a t e to A u s t r a l i a , but n o w h e r e to lodge. (Nonsmoking, t e e t o t a l e r s and n o n - g a m b l e r s ) . S. A. E f o r details.

Box 104. Vegan, S h o a r n ' s , B e l c h a l well, Blandford, D o r s e t .

C T THIS VEGAN: Shimon Dagan, S B e e r Sheva, 84843 I s r a e l .

BACK COPIES OF "THE VEGAN" available on loan to m e m b e r s - lOp each plus postage. Initially send ÂŁ 1 . 0 0 deposit. Wnen yoij do not wish to b o r r o w any m o r e the deposit will be r e t u r n e d . Apply Lit. S e c r e t a r y . A d d r e s s page 1.

STAMPS. Anyone i n t e r e s t e d in r e a l i s i n g money f o r Society funds f r o m f o r e i g n s t a m p s p l e a s e contact The S e c r e t a r y , A d d r e s s page 1.

Hotels and Guest Houses

CORNWALL - "WOODCOTE". The Saltings, Lelant, St. Ives, overlooking Hayle E s t u a r y . C . H . & H&C in all r o o m s . We take p l e a s u r e in c a t e r i n g for Vegans. M r . John & M i s s Hazel B l a c k a l l e r . Tel. Hayle 3147.

CAERNARVONSHIRE - LLANDUDNO. Kildare Guest House, Conway Road. Enjoy a tonic holiday with well balanced Vegeta r i a n and Vegan C a t e r i n g , and bright and c o m f o r t a b l e Accomodation - Colour T. V. Lounge, H&C and E l e c t r i c F i r e s all b e d r o o m s . Car Space. B r o c h u r e f r o m Mr.& M r s . W.H. Usher(who a r e k e e n F o o d R e f o r m Vegetarians) Tel. 049277938 DEVON - I L F R A C O M B E . F a i r w y n d s V e g e t a r i a n G u e s t House o f f e r s Healthful holidays with n a t u r a l whole foods, Compost grown produce, home baking. Vegans w e l c o m e . Elizabeth Burton. V. C. A. Member. Tel. 2085.

DORSET - WEYMOUTH. V e g e t a r i a n and w e l c o m e d . S. A. E. p l e a s e to: M r s . Cox, , Weymouth. Tel. P r e s t o n 2402 ESSEX - F R I N T O N - O N - S E A . Sandy Point V e g e t a r i a n Guest House. Vegans c a t e r e d f o r . F a c i n g south and sea. E a s t e r October. Personally super an & Aldo Vezza and their daughter V e r o n i c a . . Tel. 4691. V , C . A .

GLOUCESTER - COOMBE e t a r i a n Guest House that c a t e r s for Vegans. W o o t o n - u n d e r - E d g e , on Southern slopes of the cotswold Hills w h e r e all f r u i t and vegetables and salads a r e H o m e Grown.

H E R E F O R D S H I R E - ROSS-ON-WYE, Beechwood, Ryefield Rd. , V e g e t a r i a n Guest House and Food R e f o r m C e n t r e . Open all y e a r . Muesli and r a w s a l a d s . H o m e - m a d e b r e a d and c a k e s .

Special attention to Vegans. - Lillian Young. Tel. R o s s 2504 LAKE DISTRICT - ORCHARD HOUSE. B o r r o w d a l e Road, Keswick. Small Vegetarian Guest House in good c e n t r e for walking, etc..lovely views f r o m the b a c k . Home Baking and s o m e Home Grown P r o d u c e . Miss Delia Ryall. Tel.Keswick72830 MONMOUTHSHIRE - M E D H O P E . in the beautiful L o w e r Wye Valley. Own m a r k e t g a r d e n and f r u i t f a r m provide Living Food - abundant,varied, delicious s a l a d s 8t f r u i t , nuts etc. No c h e m licals - no cooking e i t h e r , and no t r a f f i c sounds. New Age CentrÂŤ for vital living. D i r e c t o r : Harold Wood (F. C. A. ), "Medhope", Tintern, Mon. N P 6 7NX. Tel. 029-18-253. ( V . C . M e m . ) [SURREY- CHERTSEY. T h a m e s Valley, between Hampton Court k n d Windsor. Bed, B r e a k f a s t or B. B. and Evening Meal for i / e g e t a r i a n s and Vegans. r o d u c e . H o m e Baki n g . H&C. M r s . Young, Tel. 64425.

CRANKS HEALTH I FOODSI Marshall St London Wl

Our shop offers you the best selection of unadulterated and unrefined vegetarian foods. open Monday to Friday 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Saturday 9 a.m. to I p.m.

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APRICOTS WILD APRICOT KERNELS FOOD OF THE FAMOUS HUNZAS OF KASHMIR CHEMICAL FREE RAISINS FROM UNSOPHISTICATED AFGHANISTAN DULSE FROM T H E IRISH S E A AN AMAZING SEA PLANT T H A T IS ALSO PALATABLE

HUMZANA FOODS LTD 35, GREAT RUSSELL ST. LONDON, W.C.1.

ASK FOR MATERIAL FROM A VEGAN SLANTED WHOLEFOOD COMPANY'