The Vegan Summer 1966 by The Vegan Society

THE VEGAN SOCIETY Founded November,

1944

Veganism is a way of living which excludes all forms of exploitation of, a n d cruelty to, tlie animal kingdom, and includes a reverence and compassion f o r all life. It applies to the practice of living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, honey, animal milk and its derivatives, and encourages the use of alternatives f o r all commodities derived wholly or in part f r o m animals. Veganism remembers man's responsibilities to the earth and its resources a n d seeks to bring about a healthy soil and plant kingdom and a proper use of the materials of the earth. President: D r . FREY E L L I S , , Epsom, Surrey. Deputy-President: Mrs. E B. SHRIOLEY, , Old Coulsdon, Surrey. Vice-Presidents: Mrs. M U R I E L DRAKE, Dr. CATHERINE N I M M O , Miss MABEL S I M M O N S , Miss W I N I F R E D SIMMONS. Honorary Secretary: Mrs. L O U I S E D A V I S , , London, S.E.I 2 . Honorary Treasurer: Dr. FREY E L L I S , , Epsom, Surrey. Assistant Trea TH, (to whom all subscriptions should be sent), Southgate, London, N.14. PALmers Green 6408. Librarian : Mr. W. H. C. W R I G H T , B.SC., , Enfield, Middlesex. Committee: Mr. E. T. BANKS, M r . H. T. BONNIE, Mrs. SERENA N . COLES, M r . J . HOPKINS, Miss T . C . LARKIN, Mr. JACK MCCLELLAND, Mr. M. M C C U L L O C H , M r s . E . B . SHRIOLEY, M r . SAM WOLF, WRIGHT, B . S c , N . D . , D O., M . B . N . O . A . Vegan Distribution Secretary: Miss THELMA LARKIN,

Mr. W.

West Horndon, Brentwood, Essex. Minimum subscription, which includes " T h e V e g a n " , 15s. per annum (and 7s. 6d. for each additional member of one family at same residence); 7s. 6d. if age under 18; payable in January. Life Membership, £10 10s. Od. THE JOURNAL

VEGAN

THE

VEGAN

SOCIETY

Editor: Mr. JACK SANDERSON, s, Upminster, Essex. Advertisements: H. H. G R E A V E S L T D . , 106/110 Lordship Lane, London, S.E.22. Rates: Whole page—£10 0s. 0d.; Half page—£6 0s. 0d.; Quarter page—£3 10s. Od. Published quarterly: Annual subscription, 10s. post free; single copies, 2s. 6d. post free. Obtainable f r o m the Hon. Secretary.

LITERATURE " T h e Reasons f o r Veganism." 4 page leaflet. Free. " V e g a n Protein Nutrition." 12 page leaflet. Is. 3d. post free. " A H a n d b o o k of Practical Veganism." 24 pages with cover. 2s. 9d. post free. "Unnecessary Cruelties among F a r m Animals." 8 page leaflet. 6d. post free. " T h e Vegetarian and Vegan F o o d Guide." 2s. 6d. post free. " V e g a n s and Vivisection." 8 page leaflet. 6d. post free. All obtainable f r o m the H o n . Secretary (cheques and postal orders m a d e out to " T h e Vegan Society ").

THE VEGAN Journal

of the Vegan

Society

SUMMER, 1966

EDITORIAL " THE LONELINESS OF THE LONG DISTANCE R U N N E R "

This was a fashionable title a year or two back. It drew our attention to the silent dedication of individual men and women in many fields who with little or no encouragement from others gave themselves steadfastly to some ideal and over a long period of time, quietly and persistently attempted to fashion some result. Not all are successful and the resulting disappointment must be very deep and could easily lead to bitterness. Even the successful ones must often face seemingly insurmountable obstacles and many disappointments before achieving their ends. Frequently the ends are personal ones leading to personal success and fame. But far less frequently the ends are selfless. Amongst our own circle there is one who has spent years of hard-earned spare time searching periodicals of all kinds so that she could become " a voice of >the voiceless ", the millions of creatures who suffer pain and cruelty at the hands of human beings. This has been a true labour of love, and I know that there has been much heartache and disappointment as she and others have spent years going the round of the publishers trying to find one who would do the work. At last this has beeh done. The book is available. A review and details are given in this issue. Now we can play our part by sending for at least two copies one for ourselves and one to lend. Also please bear this book in mind when sending books at Christmas time. It is a mine of information and ought to be soon in every vegan's and vegetarian's hands. All honour to our fellow vegan—dear Marie Dreyfus—and may knowledge of the facts which her ibook— " Grimes Against Creation "—contains, be spread far and wide. This 'book will surely convey the message of true compassion wherever it is read. J.SANDERSON. 1

Please Remember! That the 22nd Annual General Meeting will be at the Alliance Hall, Palmer Street, Westminster, S.W.I (next to Caxton Hall and near St. James' Park Underground Station), on Friday, November 4th, at 7 p.m.. Doors open 5.30 p.m. Refreshments. THE VEGAN

LIBRARY

Mr. John Heron has had to give up the position of librarian and our grateful thanks are due to him for the service he has rendered to the users of our library. The Vega re-housed under the roof of Mr. W. Wright, Enfield, Middlesex, from whom books can be obtained for a fee of 6d. per week plus l/6d. postage per book. Will any member still housing a Vegan Library book please send it off forthwith to its new home at Enfield. Donations of books relevant to veganism are also welcome. The bulk of the books consists of the titles published in the Summer, 1963 "Vegan ", but an amended list with new additions will foe printed soon. A N O P E N L E T T E R F R O M T H E R E T I R I N G H O N . SEC.

Dear Friends, It is my pleasure and privilege to introduce your new secretary, Mrs. Louise Davis, and I know all our readers will join me in extending to her our very best wishes for excellent healthâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;she will nred it! Being something of an expert in the kitchen, Mrs. Davis will be a considerable help to our members, and her advice on catering problems, especially to our new members who often feel " all at sea " for a while, will be invaluable. As many of you know, my kitchen expertise does not go far beyond wholemeal bread, baked potatoes and sprouted moong beans but as my family now prefers raw food, and I am convinced it is a sound basis for general health, energy, and well-being, 1 have not had any strong incentive to experiment with cooked meals although I know how useful good cooking can be for newcomers during the change-over period, and for those having to cater for others who still prefer and expect " hot dinners ". Should you, Mrs. Davis, be swamped with cookery enquiries next week, please forgive me; at Jeast you will know where to place the blame, and if neoessary you may send a few on to meâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;but only those dealing with bread, potatoes or sprouted grains please! One of my greatest rewards during the last few years, and one that I am going to miss very much, has been the pleasure 2

of opening the daily post and the feeling, which your many letters bring, of being " in touch " with you all. - Helpful letters, (mildly) critical letters, letters seeking advioe or information, and the truly wonderful notes of thanks when we have been able to help in some way, all are individually answered and as this often entails considerable research, one cannot help gathering a certain amount of superficial knowledge on a large number of unrelated subjects. Of course, when, as a result of all this, a new member is enrolled, there is a deep sense of reward and satisfaction, and if the enrolment form is also accompanied by a donation towards the expenses of research, postage, printing and goodness-knowswhat (all that absorb the subscriptions like a one-way sponge), there is great joy in the office for it means that more people can be reached, through advertisements and our free literature, and the day brought nearer when everyone will realise that the exploitation of animals, so deeply deplored by most people, can be avoided if one takes a little extra troubleâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the vegan way. Please forgive me, I had absolutely no intention of introducing an appeal when I began that last paragraph. I have repeatedly promised myself that one day when I had the time, I would answer the most often asked questions through the pages of " The Vegan" in greater detail than is possible in a letter. The advantage of this, to the newcomer, can easily be seen but I shall have to ask all well-established vegans to bear with us as it will be necessary to repeat, for the benefit of new members and readers many, to us, well known and clearly understood facts, as well as more up-to-date information concerning nutrition and commodities. A few examples of the type of thing we shall try to include in future issues range from hoary old stagers like " What would happen to all the animals if we did not eat them?" and " W e shall be over-run with slugs and greenfly if the vegans have their w a y " to "Where do vegans get their first class protein?". An easy " first" this one (and I well remember the hours I spent reading all I could find on the subject in my first few months) closely followed in second place by " How shall I recognise signs of B12 deficiency?" , Other favourites which come to mind are " What are: the brain-building foods?" (Can be alternated with muscle-building/ finger-nail-strengthening/varicose reducing/energy-giving, etc.) " Should one take starch and protein at the same meal?", " Is it dangerous to use aluminium saucepans?", " Where do vegans get their Vitamin D (thiamine/iron/etc.)?", "Please tell me how to reduce or (put on) weight?", " I believe vegans live almost entirely on starch?", " I cannot live on nuts and lettuce so I cannot be a vegan ", " Please send tables showing comparative food values of vegan and dairy foods ", " What can I give non3

vegan visitors?", " How can I get vegan food in hospital (travelling/abroad)?", " Is it true that vegans can only do light work?", " D o vegans suffer from spinal trouble after two (three, five, ten) years?", " I always use soap because you can tell by its name that it is pure " (this is heartbreaking after all one has said and written on the subject). 1 shall begin with the one about sandwiches, (see other pages) probably the easiest one, and all you seasoned vegans who I know will have your favourite packed lunch ideas, should send them ito Mrs. Davis please, not me, for inclusion in later issues of " The Vegan ". With my most sincere good wishes to you all, (signed) EVA BATT. VERY

IMPORTANT

Mr. C. T. M. Davies, B.Sc., M.R.C., Physiology Unit, London School of Hygiene, Kiepple Street, London, W.C.I, has agreed to assess physical efficiency of vegans, in the first instance between ages of 20â&#x20AC;&#x201D;30. This entails spending one afternoon at the above address. Travel expenses would be available. If in London area transport could ibe arranged. Would volunteers write to him or contact Dr. Ellis. Tests to be done Octoberâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;November, 1966. A paper entitled " The Treatment of Dietary Deficiency of Vitamin B12 with Vegetable Protein Foods" by F. R. Ellis and F. Wokes has been accepted for publication in " Nuitritio et Dieta ". A reprint will be sent to all vegans who took part. Another paper entitled " The Electro Encephalogram in Veganism, Vegetarianism and Controls" by E. D. West and F. R. Ellis has been accepted for publication in This Journal of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neuro-Surgery. Reprints of this will also be available. PSYCHOLOGICAL

SURVEY

Dr. E. D. West would like to conduct a psychological survey of vegans. This would require a one-hour interview either at Belmont Hospital or St. Thomas's Hospital, London. If willing, please write to Dr. West at Belmont Hospital, Brighton Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey. FUTURE

MEETINGS

On Sunday, November 13th, there will ibe a Brains Trust at the Cora Hotel, London, to be run jointly by the Vegan Society and the Jewish Vegetarian Society. 4

We can promise everyone an enjoyable, thought-provoking evening and an opportunity to put questions to the eminent brains on the panel, all well-known specialists in various fields of humanitarian work. Further details, inaluding the names of the panelists will be published in the autumn " Vegan ". We are confident that it will prove to be a rewarding, informative, and entertaining evening, I am looking forward to it already. Light refreshments will be served. Make a note of the date NOW, and bring your friends too. E.B. DANCE AND

SOCIAL

The Vegetarian Social Club is holding a Dance at 7.30 p.m. on Saturday, October 22nd, at the Abbey Community Centre, 29 Marsham Street, Westminster, S.W.I. Tickets are 5/- obtainable at the door, and refreshments will include vegan ones. The V.S.C. would like us to look at the function as a post-holiday reunion and pre-winter get-together for all kindred organisations..

VITAMIN D DRS. FREY ELLIS AND FRANK WOKES

The term Vitamin D is applied to a group of sterols which, when taken orally, prevent or cure rickets, in which defective absorption of calcium by the bones makes them deformed. The daily requirement of infants, children and adults is about 400 international units or ten micrograms of calciferol which is made by irradiation with suitable ultra-violet rays of ergosterol from yeast. Commercial preparations of vitamin D to be taken by mouth are tablets or solutions of calciferol in vegetable oil hence suitable for vegans. Vitamin D is produced by the action of short wavelength rays from clear-sky sunlight or ultra-violet lamps on naturallyoccurring sterols present in some animal and vegetable fats. Cows, for example, when out at pasture may by the action of sunlight on sterols in their skin produce in their milk enough vitamin D for their calves, any excess being stored in the liver. In the winter when there is less exposure to sunlight the vitamin D content of cows milk can fall to less than a fifth of that Jh summer milk from cows at pasture, and the cows and their calves have to fall back on the vitamin D stored in their livers. In man also vitamin D can be produced in the skin by a sufficient exposure to sunlight or to the rays from an ultra-violet lamp, but careful control is needed. Vitamin D is present in human breast milk but its content depends mainly on the diet. The general population, and most 5

vegetarians, usually get from their consumption of cheese, butter, milk and eggs sufficient of the vitamin to meet their requirements. For vegans consuming no eggs, milk, cheese or butter their only dietary source of vitamin D is in margarine or certain other vegan foods fortified with the synthetic vitamin. Granolac or Granogen, Plantmilk (Plamil) and Velactin (Wanderlac) are all fortified with sufficient synthetic vitamin D (made from vegan food constituents) to ensure that sufficient will be obtained from reasonable daily intakes of these vegetable milks. The vitamin D fortification of nut " butters " in general is not yet satisfactory. Vitamin D deficiencies have been detected in British vegan children depending entirely on these nut " b u t t e r s " for this vitamin. Exposing them in the uncertain British sunlight is not entirely reliable. Ultra-violet lamps must be used carefully to avoid the ill effects of over-exposure. Many British vegans have relied for their vitamin D requirements on medicinal preparations obtained from pharmacists. Care must be taken not to exceed the recommended dosage. There have been a few cases of idiopathic hypercalcaemia in babies receiving five or ten times their daily requirements of vitamin D by consuming not only dried milk too heavily fortified with the vitamin but also vitamin supplements providing much more than they needed. The function of vitamin D is to help in the assimilation and utilisation of calcium needed for building bones and various body activities. If the diet is really deficient in calcium, administration of vitamin D will not clear up the trouble. Soya, groundnuts and other vegetable protein sources used in the manufacture of vegetable milks may not provide enough calcium to meet the needs of rapidly growing babies, and this should be added in the form of inorganic calcium sal'ts. T h e precise mode of action of vitamin D in the body is not yet clearly known. It raises serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations and hence increases their availability to bone. It does this by increasing calcium and phosphate absorption from the intestine as well as promoting reabsorption of phosphate by the renal tubules. There is no evidence that it has a direct effect upon the laying down of calcium in bone. In rickets there is a reduced amount of citrate [in the bone. The citrate concentration is increased by administration of vitamin D. This vitamin also increases the citrate content of several organs including the kidneys.

READERS'

LETTERBOX

Dear Sir, A vegan gardener, hand weeding, comes on a mouse's nest with young under a piece of old rag. He leaves it. A little later he comes on a nest of red ants, and scatters it. What is wrong with this vegan's outlook? Middlesex. J. TESTER. 6

The E v e n t of the S e a s o n Arranged jointly by The Vegan Society and The Jewish Vegetarian Society

A BRAINS TRUST at the

CORA HOTEL (Ballroom) Upper Woburn Place, London, W.C.I Nearest stations: Euston or Russell Square

SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 13th, 1966 at 7 p.m. Panel: WALTER FLIESS, F.C.F.A. RUTH HARRISON, Author of "Animal Machines " C. ARTHUR LING, Plantmilk Ltd. DR. DOUGLAS LATTO, Obstetrician PHILIP L. PICK, Secretary of the Jewish Vegetarian Society EVA V. BATT, Vegan

Panel

Master:

GEOFFREY L. RUDD, Secretary, The Vegetarian Society

Topics to be discussed will cover a wide range of interests and written questions may be sent to either Society in advance.

ADMISSION

Members 2s. 6d. Visitors 5s.

(A reduction of 2s. 6d. will be made to anyone joining either Society at the meeting.)

Refreshments available

Adequate parking 7

TRAPPED

" My dear how marvellous you look, Enchanting, absolutely fab." "Think so, darling? Cost the earth. Hurry darling; here's the cab." " Squirrel suits you to a tee, Grey is just your colour dear. 1 always think of you as grey . Oh! darling; Dropped a brick I fear." " I simply love your Persian lamb It suits you in a sombre way. Too matronly for me of course Oh! What a dreadful thing to say." Frivolous, feckless and befurred Banalities just come and go They prattle, preen, discuss the price The cruel cost they cannot know. How held in vicious teeth of steel That bite into the fragile bone Beneath the wide indifferent skies A frenzied creature dies alone. Alone where wastes of frozen snows Stretch out to silences afar With none to watch the hours of pain Except the cold and lonely star. While hunger like a leopard's claw Tears night and day and will not cease Until the river of its life Flows slowly deathwards to release. The trapper then on silent feet Will come to take his tortured prey. Will sling the frail and frozen form Upon his back and walk away. Nor see the little pointed teeth All showing in a ghastly grin A parody of all the pain And anguished hours it suffered in. So women flatter, flaunt your furs The warmth and beauty which you prize, Until a whisper in your hearts Will open wide your blinded eyes. DOROTHY THOMSON.

EVOLUTION THROUGH THE NEXT GENERATION B y FRANCES HOWARD

Many of us in the Vegan Society like to think that we are evolving from rough and primitive beings to a more refined and perfect form of life, and that becoming a vegan is a step in this direction. However, Dr. Weston-Price, in his classic book " Nutrition and Physical Degeneration " says that we have not only not evolved; we have devolved, both mentally and physically. This degeneration, he maintains, is due to inferior nutrition, especially the use of tinned cooked and processed foods. He illustrated his statements by many striking photographs and carefully ordered facts gathered by himself on visits to very isolated communities in different parts of tihe world, which were then only just coming into contact with " Civilization ". The photographs show how a substantial proportion of teeth of primitive races decayed after the adoption of the foods of modern commerce. Moreover, the children born after the introduction of devitalised foods, unlike their older brothers and sisters, did not inherit the tribal features. They had narrower faces and nostrils. Their skeletons became elongated and deformed. In particular, the pelvis became constricted, so that childbearing became difficult. They lost their mental and emotional health and became prone to crime and insanity. These disastrous changes, which by themselves have caused the virtual extinction of many primitive peoples, took place within a single generation. These changes can be reversed by; good nutrition, but this may take several generations. People must now consciously choose to eat fresh foods as found in nature, rather than the sweet soft and easily procured commercial foods. Newly established vegans often find that the omission of animal foods, in the long run, improves the general health of the individual. In particular, mothers often find that after becoming vegan, childbearing becomes easier. Such is the experience of more than one person of my acquaintance. The long term effects of the vegan diet over several generations have yet to be seen in this country. There remain scarcely any vegan races or groups in the world today. None of the primitive communities visited by Dr. Price proved to be veganâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;to his great disappointmentâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;although South Sea islanders ate shellfish only occasionally. . Strict Brahmins are vegans, but these communities are not isolated from the temptations of " civilized " food. The full benefits of the vegan diet will not be felt unless it is well balanced, and consists of fresh foods eaten as nearly as possible to their natural state. Dr. Raymond Bernard, in his book 9

ÂŤ " The Creation of Superman ", shows how a regenerate human race could be created using a low protein vegan diet. Preparation for childbirth, in the case of a woman, should begin with her own conception. A baby girl is born with all the egg cells she will ever produce already formed within her. Chemical interference may damage these cells. A prospective mother should therefore do everything humanly possible to obtain compost grown foods all her life. I made the changeover to a vegan diet in 1961, after three months on a lacto-vegetarian diet. This resulted in the disappearance of chronic acne of sixteen years' duration, and so I became interested in diet in relation to health. In 1964, I married Friedenstern Howard. He is a life vegan, both his parents having been vegan at the time of his birth. His father had been a vegan for two years, and had made the changeover from meat eating in six weeks. His mother had been a vegan for four years before his birth and a lacto-vegetarian for six years before that. Having been brought up on a vegan diet, he decided to remain a vegan. As a life vegan he has never experienced bad health, On August 16th, 1965, we had a son, Russell Pearson Howard.

Russell Pearson Howard

at six months

of age.

For those who are interested in the practical aspects of baby culture, I will describe how I lived at the time of the birth in some detail. I am not advocating that my example be followed in all respects, but I strongly recommend the abandonment of cooked foods, especially during pregnancy. Just as a good car needs high grade oil to work well, so does the human body require high grade 10

food, and at no time is this more important than during pregnancy. The vitamin and mineral content of foods must be left as far as possible intact, or the body will be deficient. All cooking and cutting up causes loss of these precious substances. The human body is a far more delicate instrument than a car, and in order to achieve the miracle of birth satisfactorily, it needs the finest materials available. The eating of raw food ensures an elasticity of muscles and joints which is essential for the easy passage of the child into the outside world. At the commencement of the pregnancy, I was working full time and studying for Diplomas in Naturopathy and Osteopathy. My main meal consisted of freshly pressed apple and cabbage juice, minced apple and dried fruit, grated carrots, a few Brazil nuts and cashew nuts. Not surprisingly, I became tired and six weeks after the commencement of the pregnancy, I needed a complete rest. The body normally undergoes readjustment and cleansing at this time and the best thing is to let it take its course without interference. I fasted for eleven days, and rested for two or three weeks and then resumed work and study. I increased the proportion of fruit in my diet, because fruit supplies much sugar for energy which is extracted by the body with very little physical effort. I had grapefruit for breakfast, apples for lunch, and bananas with wheat germ and green salad for tea, with fresh peas or peanuts. I also had a drink of soya cream each day. I took every opportunity to sunbathe to ensure that baby got enough vitamin D and would have strong bones and teeth. I gave up paid work after four months of pregnancy, but continued study and completed the academic year successfully. The actual birth, I am told, was unusually easy for a first baby mother aged thirty. Sixteen hours of contractions were followed by a labour lasting only forty minutes. The baby was not blue with the effort of being born as many babies are these days, but was a good pink colour, and immediately cried and kicked energetically. After the birth, the baby was fed on breast milk for twenty weeks. Then a little fruit was introduced into his diet, mashed or juiced, and at seven months we added soya-cashew cream to his bananas and made a puree of these in the electric " Vitamins " mixer together with a little lettuce. He now sucks ripe sweet fruits whole, if they are soft enough. My own diet is more concentrated. I have apples or oranges for breakfast, bananas with wheat germ and soya cream plus green salad for lunch, and I have bread, rice or oats for evening meal, with Barmene, and another salad. At ten months, baby still has four or five breast feeds a day, and there is no sign of milk failure. He is active, not too fat, and has a smile for everyone. Human milk is unique in containing an exceptionally high proportion of lecithin. Lecithin is essential for the proper development of the brain and nervous system. Cows have smaller brains, 11

and so need less lecithin in their milk. Cow's milk on the other hand contains more cholesterol which causes fast bodily growth. Breast fed babies are slower growing, but healthier than cow's milk babies. Under ideal conditions, nature provides milk for four or five years after the baby's birth, but this is rarely possible for a " civilised " mother. Baby should be given solids first at about four to six months when the teeth start to come through. As soon as he starts to grab things and bite them, he should be given rewarding fruits such as peeled bananas, peeled sweet orange sections and pieces of melon. After feeding the pure milk diet for the first four or five months, the transitional diet, including both milk and solids, should last as long as possible before baby is finally weaned. Once a baby is weaned, he should never taste human or cow's milk again. No baby has the choice of the food he eats. He is either given vegan food, or he is given a diet containing animal food. Only later on does he become conscious of the type of food he is eating and where it comes from. When this happens to our child, he will be able to decide whether to remain a vegan, or to start eating animal food. We shall then answer his questions as simply as we can, telling him why we ourselves are vegan, and let him reach his own conclusions. Judging from other people's experience, children have an instinctive love of animals. If they have not acquired the taste for animal foods, fchey are sometimes prepared to point out to other children the cruelties involved in producing food from animals. Children naturally love fruits, fresh raw vegetables, wholemeal bread and nut butter, and if one child gets these foods, the others are apt to demand them too. In the course of evolution, man has inevitably asked " Where do I come from?" and " W h y am I here?" Children also want to know the answers to these questions. Various good and wise men have sought to answer these questions, and in so doing, ethical teaching has formed an essential part of their answers. Mankind, however, has usually managed to discard the ethical teaching, and retain the comforting explanations about his existence. Regrettably, this has happened to Christianity, Buddhism, and many other religions. No sooner has the teacher gone, than the teaching is changed. There is evidence that Jesus was a vegetarian, and abhorred all cruelty to animals, but references to this aspect of his life and teaching were deleted from1 the official gospels at the Council of Nicea in A.D. 325, and previous copies of the gospels were destroyed. However, one or two earlier copies were hidden away and escaped and have only recently been translated. Such are " T h e Gospel of the Holy Twelve " and " The Gospel of Jesus Christ by His Disciple John ". We are gradually collecting books which show where the 12

religions of the world shed light on ethics, and where they have obscured it. These will be given to our child at an age when he can understand them. I have listed some of these at the end of this article. I have included outstanding books on wild animals and their relation to man, as our child may not have the opportunity to learn about wild life from personal experience. If understanding of wild life is lacking, man exaggerates his own importance in creation, and his religion caters only for his own kind. Where ethics is absent, religion is only a dead and useless shell, for ethics should be the essential part of religion. A religion loses much of its ethical value if wrong is done in its name. There is only one way of teaching ethics, and that is by being a living example to the up and coming generation. This is a challenge to all vegans, and not only parents. Our conduct must be good enough to guide those who follow on into ways of kindness, health and peace. Recommended for further reading: â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Books for parents on health and diet: " Orthotrophy " (meaning " correct nutrition ") by Herbert Shelton. " Vegetarianism in the Nursery " by Dr. Cyril Pink. " Your Vegetarian Baby " by Dr. Pietro Rotondi. " Nutrition and Physical Degeneration " by Dr. Weston-Price. " The New Childbirth " by Erna Wright, S.R.N., S.C.M. " The Creation of Superman" and " The Prenatal Origin of Genius " by Dr. Raymond Bernard. "Chemicals in Food " by Dr. Franklin Bicknell. " Silent Spring " by Rachel Carson. Books on ethics, suitable for children and adolescents: " The Cradle Ship." Books about animals by Ernest Seton Thompson. " Bambi", " Bambi's Children" and "Fifteen Rabbits" by Felix Salten. " The Waterbabies " by Charles Kingsley. " Crimes Against Creation " by Marie Dreyfus. " The Gospel of the Holy Twelve" translated by the Rev. G. Ousley. " T h e Gospel of Peace of Jesus Christ, by His disciple J o h n " translated by Puroell Weaver. " Christopher's Garden " by Knut Scharnhorst Hesstvet. THE VEGAN GARDEN PARTY A successful garden party was given by Mrs. Serena Coles on Sunday, June 5th, when in fair weather, about sixty people enjoyed the services of Harry Bonnie and John Hopkins (games), Sally Shrigley, Eva Batt and Louise Davis (makers and sellers of refreshments), Mrs. George, Mrs. Le Grioe (tea and savouries), 13

Mrs. Cluer (cake), Mr. Bocking (piano recital), Mrs. Haime (nonstop readings), John Coles and Jack Sanderson (taxi-drivers), many friends for gifts, and Mrs. Coles herself, who arranged itâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; she says, " During the last two years I have wanted to thank all the kind members who wrote and sent their good wishes for a speedy recovery after my accident. Some of you I have never met, but I assure you that your messages gave great comfort and J can now say that I am near the 90% mark."

The following artiole by John Tester is one of a series arising out of his questionnaire to vegans last year. THE VEGAN ATTITUDE TO PETS Should vegans keep pets? The fact is that they do. Doubtless the pet lives on vegan food, or does it? Have we the right to dictate for other creatures which we have artificially brought to our level? The pet belongs to a different stratum of the society of creatures than we do. It is necessary to recognise the keeping of a pet as a deliberate attempt to make it live in a strange stratum. It is amazing how thiey adapt themselves to it. Seldom by man over great periods of time has often preserved the types which are the most amenable to his artificial impositions. Is not this of the nature of exploitation? Does not each pet kept encourage it? This is not an easy point to decide. The closer one is to one's pet, the more difficult the decision. It is commonplace for an individual to think, say and do one thing in one set of circumstances, and think, say and do another in different conditions. Each of us is aware of such flaws in our makeup. That which " we would not do ", to quote St. Paul, we are drawn into by our emotions. When these operate, that which " we would not d o " seems right to us. Later on, we repent. If that which " we would not do " is done openly by others, so that we are accepted among them when we do it, to stand against it is doubly difficult. We always have the excuse, others do it, it is approved. Is keeping pets like this? A form of exploitation which is permissible because others do it, and it has its gratifying aspects? How much does self-gratification come into it, and how much is genuinely for the pet's good as visualised by the owner? Pets are like toys, mascots, exploited. Can the owner genuinely say " This animal is placed by me in a largely artificial set of conditions for its own good ", and state along what lines? Can the owner explain why his particular set of conditions is an improvement on those set by the "Creator" for the animal? Vegans, who claim a true interest in the welfare of animals, ought to answer such questions as these. 14

COMMODITY A N D OTHER NEWS B y EVA

BAIT

FOOTWEAR There are several new models of ladies shoes from Norvic which conform to vegan standards. Look out for numbers 7363-5 Untrimmed classic court with 2" iheel, in B-f fittings. Black, brown or blue " Velvon", the suede finish man-made upper material from I.C.I, which is washable and stain resistant, 6 9 / l i d . Shiny finish court with wide, flat ibow. B-(- fittings. If" heel. In black, brown, beige or burgundy vinyl patent. Numbers 7469-7472, 69/1 Id. " Grenadine" untrimmed court in marl Velvon with If" heel, in B + fittings. Background colours of tan, blue, green, black or burgundy. Numbers 7483-7 according to shade, 69/1 Id. " Charmes " court shoe with wide ibow trim in vinyl patent with 2" heel. Colours iblack, brown, beige, or in Velvon black, •brown or blue. Numbers 7475-7480 according to shade and material, 6 9 / l i d . " La Rose" low-heeled vinyl patent with wide double bow. heel. Colours black, brown, burgundy, tropic green, 7457-7460, 69/1 Id. " Moulin ". In this model there is one shoe only which is not leather. It is number 7414 in black vinyl, If" heel. Cutaway front, fitting B + , 7 5 / l i d . " Duval " B + fitting shoe with If" heel and fancy bow trim on vinyl patent. In black, brown, burgundy or tropic green. Numbers 7421-7424 according to colour, 6 9 / l i d . " Chateau ". Vinyl patent upper in black, brown, burgundy or green. B + fitting. Slim 2" heel, fancy front court. Numbers 7367-7370, 6 9 / l i d . " Bonito ". Slim 3" heel court with fancy bow trim. Numbers 7228-7231 according to colour. In black, brown, burgundy or green vinyl patent. B + fitting, 6 9 / l i d . " Rachel ". Two tone tie front shoe with comfortable 1" heel and rounded toe. C. fitting. Sizes 3—8. Number L43120 is in black and (bronze Patella, 5 9 / l i d . Note.—Make sure to ask for this number as Rachel is also made in leather. " Roberta ". A similar shoe to Rachel in Patella. Broad 1" heel, C fitting, sizes 3—8. Numbers L43201-L43206 and L43215. In black/bronze, black/green and iblack/wine, 4 9 / l i d . The Norvic Shoe Company have also introduced several boots and booteees which conform to vegan standards and will be listed in the autumn issue of " The Vegan ". 15

Wisp. A new synthetic upper material was on show at a recent trade exhibition. It is a new version of DuPont's Pattina but this one has a non-shiny finish and looks and feels just like the most expensive calf. It comes in many colours and we hope to see it in the shops this winter. Look out for itâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;it is called " Wisp ". New lining and insole materials are appearing which, like the better quality synthetic upper materials, are able to absorb moisture and allow the passage of air. Materials with these qualities are frequently referred to as being " Breathable ". " Clarino " upper material is just such a product. I should like to quote a few extracts from the brochures which have just arrived. ' " Clarino " is an entirely new 'upper material developed and manufactured by the Kurashiki Rayon Company of Japan. It is an integration of non-woven crimped nylon fibres with a surface layer, and the fibres are randomly intertwined in a special polyurethane foam. The surface layer itself is of polyurethane having a micro-fine cellular form. These two components are formed together into a single material that does not have an interlayer of woven fabric. The whole has a nitro-cellulose surface finish.' Some of the advantages mentioned are: Light in weight compared with leather, consistent in structure and density, retains its shape and pliability, is water repellent, odourless and not subject to microbiological deterioration, andâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;its composition allows ventilation. " Clarino " is one of several new pormeric materials now being developed, all of which allow the passage of air in the same way as animal skin. Details and names of other brands will be published as they come on to the market. T h e perfecting of such materials is even more momentous than the development, only a few years ago, of the various new fibres which now so often and efficiently replace wool for blankets, etc. STOP PRESS ! The first arrivals of the new " ViVa " vegan shoes are now on sale in the Beauty Without Cruelty Boutique in Upper Montague Street, London, W.l. I have chosen a plain black classic court style with heels. This can also be obtained in white, or a similar shoe with a lower heel in black " p a t e n t " finish. Other styles and the shoes for men will be following (tho latter are now being " wear tested " by energetic young members who have been asked to be really hard on them!). I am very pleased with my purchase: the uppers have a very natural-looking matt finish and the material is soft, pliable, and extremely comfortable. 16

A Word of Warning Some members, anxious to add to the range of foods listed in The Food Guide and " The Vegan", write frequently to manufacturers asking for information about their products. This is a good thing, as it helps to keep everyone on their' toes, but do word your letters very carefully and if the replies you receive do not agree with what you have read in " The Vegan ", please let us know and if possible enclose the manufacturer's letter. We are deeply concerned at the "terminological inexactitudes" employed on occasions whichâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;whether or not it is their intention â&#x20AC;&#x201D;succeed in misleading the public. For instance: a well known company wrote to one of our readers that they were pleased to advise him that the margarine in question (made by them and named) " is made without separated milk solids and therefore is entirely satisfactory for your vegan purposes". Naturally this apparent good news was sent on to us for publication, but the reply to our letter, from the same company, stated that this same brand of vegetarian margarine contains non-fat spray-dried skimmed milk powder and does not conform to vegan standards. It will be seen from /this one example that a considerable amount of diligence, patience and sheer hard work is the lot of those responsible for compiling and producing the commodity lists and we would strongly advise all our readers, if at alii possible, to :be guided by these and to please write to us if in any doubt about information received from any sourceâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;even from us, as we can make errors too! Soap is another commodity about which there is a great deal of misunderstanding even among our members. Sincere, wellintentioned, but sadly misinformed people sometimes tell us that they always use a certain brand of soap because it is advertised as being made from some vegetable fat such as olive oil or perhaps palm oil. (Sometimes just because the name itself signifies purity or simplicity!) What have not been mentioned in the advertisement are any other fats the product may contain. (Not to mention the perfume!) Whale oil and other fats from the slaughterhouse have economical advantages and only on the brands recommended by us have we been given an assurance that they are free from such contamination, and suitable for vegan use. We were pleased to see British Railways serving B.S.C. brand sugar. If one must have white sugar, it is better to know that at least it has not been treated with animal bones in the bleaching process. 17

A new decorator's brush, containing no animal bristles, will shortly be on sale in the shops. Made by the Ripolin Company it should be readily available everywhere. Do remember to ask for these, or the Briton brand, by name to be sure of getting really humane products. Every little helps! CLOTHING Clothing for men is still a problem, but we hear from the British Man-Made Fibres Federation that the best wool-free woven suitings at present obtainable are a mixture of Terylene and Sar.ille or Terylene and Vincel. Lee Cooper " Koratron " brand slacks are made from such blends. We shall be glad to hear of any tailor using such materials. We are often asked whether kapok is " animal or vegetable ". These silky fibres, we are happy to assure our readers, are the product of a tropical tree, the seed pods of which burst when ripe and cover the ground with this soft, resilient, water resistant, " snow ". So kapok is O.K. by us! Some of the new garments we should like to possess are the " Terylene " - " Crimplene " dresses, Thick-Knit " Countelle " Blazers by Jaeger, and the printed Ban-Lon dresses. For those who ilike the fine feel of lawn, there are the Dacron ovenblouses by " Fairy Ring ", and blouses in Bri-Nylon "61 " .have the look, feel and drape of silk. By Baldini from Debeniham's. Also in the more glamorous range are the cocktail dresses in fine, draped, Bri-Nylon jersey. And how about a swimsuit in Bri-Nylon lace for sheer self-indulgence? (Marshall and Snelgrove.) Look for the new Gailey and Lord's Dacron and Cotton Ottoman in the new season's high fashion suits. From America, it should be in the London shops very soon. For really practical day wear we have at last found sensible, attractive skirts in mixtures which contain no wool. 67% TeryIene/33% Cotton and Terydene/Viscose Rayon in the same proportion. Also Terylene "Crimplene". Again—look at the ticket first, quite a few are Terylene/Wool. Another sensible, inexpensive buy is a Bri-Nylon washable raincoat toy Quelrayn. Also made for the menfolk. Minimum-iron Dacron/Cotton will be seen a lot in the lower price ranges; a good example—the separates in this mixture. Skirts from 29/lid., overblouses from 19/lid., plain and checks to team or contrast. FOOD Since the great disappointment when the makers of Trex recently decided to include fats other than vegetable oils in this product—we were not informed at the time but discovered the substitution almost by accident—we have been making enquiries 18

from other manufacturers, partly in the hope of finding new sources of a pure vegetable shortening and partly to check that other products have not been similarly contaminated while we slept. (Applications from anyone with a burning desire to help and the capabilities of eternal vigilance will be considered for the post of hon. commodities investigator!) One very encouraging result so far has been an assurance from the Co-operative Wholesale Society that their Shortex Vegetable Shortening is now made entirely from vegetable oils and contains no animal substances of any kind. James Macve, 48 George Street, Croydon, Surrey. The following products are all vegan and also quite free from any chemicals, bleaches, dyes or flavourings whatsoever. Diasna Diabetic Sugar, Diasna Diabetic Sugar Syrup, Diasna Diabetic Chocolate Syrup, Diasna Coconut Macaroons, Diasna Short Biscuits, Diasna Ginger Nuts, Diasna Lemon Buttons. Trustin Foods Ltd., 59 Station Road, N.21. The following foods can 'be thoroughly recommended to those of our members who do not object to the honey content. Notina Hazlenut Spread, Notina Almond Spread. Morga pure vegetable concentrate is 100% vegetarian. Made in Switzerland, it is now in most of our Health Food Stones. This instant vegetable bouillon cube is, in our opinion, rather on the salt side, but most people we know who have tried it do not have this objection. The delicious chocolate Plamil which, as you all know, is made by the Plantmilk Company using their excellent vegan milk, is now sweetened with soft brown sugar in place of whiteâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; which makes it even more acceptable. Vegan Sandwiches. Home made wholemeal bread please, if at all possible, alternatively Prewett's or Allinson's wholemeal. In place of butter in all cases use either one of the nut butters such as Cashewnutta or Soyanutta made by Mapleton's and on sale in all Health Food Stores. If the family prefers margarine use Alfonal Maizy Margarine. FILLINGS Appetex Pate and any salad vegetable such as cucumber, tomatoes, watercress, lettuce, cress, beetroot, finely shredded cabbage (the Dutch white is perfect for this), radishes. Peanut Butter or Peanut Crumble with salad vegetables as above. Lentil Paste (home made) with a sprinkle of herbs and a lettuce leaf. Chopped, cooked beetroot mixed with grated fresh horseradish is simply delicious as a filling. Chopped dates with apple slices. 19

Soaked, chopped raisins with sliced apple. (The apple can be sprinkled with lemon juice for a change of flavour.) Sliced banana with dates or any other fruit. Barmene (or any of the vegan yeast savouries) with any salad greens. Cucumber is very good with Barmene. Open sandwiches lend themselves to an infinite variety, e.g., spread Mitchelhill's Country Fair biscuits with Maizy and dot with pieces of cooked mushrooms and radish. Or Peanut Crumble and watercress (or tiny cubes of cucumber), etc., etc. Make good use of shredded green peppers while in season, they add a new piquancy to salads and sandwiches and are a very good source of vitamin C. The perfumes from Elizabeth Arden contain no ingredients of animal origin and, of course, this applies to the new perfume " Lotus Flowers " from Beauty Without Cruelty. Their Avocado milk is also vegan. It has been found possible (but very expensive! ) to replace lanolin (wool fat) with avocado oil in many beauty preparations, and this is what the manufacturers of Beauty Without Cruelty products have been perfecting. Just one of the reasons why these commodities are so pure and delightful to use. Glamour-minded? At last a manufacturer has produced a nail varnish which is truly vegan. Not only the varnish itself, for Vegecos is vegan, but also the brush! The new product from Burne-Jones, which will be on sale in the Beauty Without Cruelty Boutique by the time you read this, is an entirely vegan nail polishâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;with a nylon brush. We are pleased to see that Mr. Geoffrey Rudd's book " Why Kill for Food?" is now available as a paperback at 5/-. This most informative book, which is the ideal introduction to vegetarianism, also contains much to interest vegans as well as supplying many talking points. Most of our readers also subscribe to "The British Vegetarian" and they will know that whatever the subject, from the grim realism of slaughterhouse " routine " to breezy witticisms on the search for good food in a " popular" restaurant. Geoffrey Rudd is eminently readable in every mood. We welcome the news that Mrs. Joyce Butler, M.P., has reintroduced the Labelling of Food Bill (interrupted by the General Election after it had passed its first reading). The National Association for Health writes: " T h e Bill will again have to pass through the many ramifications of official procedure which powerful vested interests will skilfully use to delay it. Therefore, any assistance we can continue to give Mrs. Butler, and the group of M.Ps who are supporting her, will not 20

only encourage them in their efforts, but will help to hasten the final placing of the Bill on the Statute Book. We are tremendously grateful for all the assistance you have already given us with the Petition. May we now ask you, most earnestly to make another big effort to obtain more signatures? Congratulations to Kathleen Keleny and her horticultural club. For the second year running they have won the Lord Bledisloe Cup! VEGAN RECIPES FROM HUNGARY (Collected and adapted by Kathleen Keleny of Coombe Lodge Vegetarian Guest House, Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire.) PAPRIKA SOUP 1 2 1 1

lb. stale Cerea bread tablespoons sunflower seed oil tablespoon chopped parsley tablespoon cashew nut cream

I teaspoon salt i lb. onions i oz. paprika 11 pinits water

METHOD: Cut bread into slices and then into one-inoh squares and fry in the oil. Chop up onions and fry in oil till golden brown. Well whisk the nxit cream, paprika and salt in the boiling water, then add the fried onions and fried bread, and parsley. SOUR CHERRY SOUP 1 lb. sour cherries or 1 bottle of sour cherries 2 pints of water 1 tablespoon brown sugar

4 oz. paprika 2 tablspoons cashew nut cream 6 cloves

METHOD: Stone cherries and cook with cloves in water. Strain water and well whisk with nut cream. Remove cloves and put cherries back into the nut cream liquid, and add the sugar, and paprika, well whisk and serve hot or cold. PAPRIKASH 1 lb. tomatoes 1 lb. onions i lb. Cerea flour

2 ozs. sunflower seed margarine 1 oz. paprika 1 pint water

METHOD: Rub margarine into flour and add three tablespoons of water, then roll out into a long thin roll. Put the remaining water into a saucepan with the chopped onions and tomatoes and paprika and boil for twenty minutes, then cut the roll with scissors and drop the pieces into the boiling liquid. Boil for a further five minutes before serving. This is not served with cooked vegetables but individual plates of fresh lettuce hearts. These plates of lettuce are also served with paprikad mushrooms. 21

PAPRIKAD

MUSHROOMS

i lb. very small mushrooms i pint sunflower seed oil 3 ozs. Cerea flour

1 teaspoon paprika I teaspoon salt

METHOD: Mix flour, paprika, salt and a little oil to a soft batter consistency. Well wash mushrooms and when the balance of oil is almost boiling, dip half the mushrooms into the batter, then insert into the hot oil and cook till golden brown. Heat up oil again and cook the rest of the mushrooms in the same way. LECSO 1 1 1 4

lb. lb. lb. ozs.

green peppers tomatoes onions broken cashew kernels

I oz. paprika 1 teaspoon salt 2 tablespoons sunflower seed oil

METHOD: Core the green peppers and remove all seeds, then slice them and cook in a little water for half an hour. Chop up onions and fry until golden brown in oil, then add cashews, stirring all the while, then add the chopped tomatoes, paprika and salt. Stir for five minutes, then remove from heat and add the cooked green peppers. Serve this also with a plate of lettuce hearts and radish roses, prepared overnight and put in cold water.

WITHOUT

COMMENT

Received from Mrs. Kathleen Peace (vegan) of New Zealand, (and forwarded by Marie Dreyfus) a cutting from the New Zealand " H e r a l d " dated ApriJ 11th, 1966. " LAST SUPPER OBSERVED BY CHILDREN (Press Association, Gisborne) A group of children making their first Communion observed the ritual of the Last Supper at Patutahi. The function was organised by the Gisborne group of the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine. In the centre of the hall a long, low table held the lamb, cooked whole, unleavened bread and bitter herbs. A blessing was invoked by the parish priest at Patutahi, Father W. Ryan, and then the twenty first communicants reclined at the long table. More than 100 parents and spectators sat around the hall. A description of the supper was read from the Old Testament and all present partook of the meal. Later they received the Eucharist in the Patutahi Catholic Church." 22

NEWS FROM PLANTMILK LIMITED Plantmilk Limited has now completed its first year of trading, during which twelve months it has added to its original Jine Plantmilk (now re-named PLAMIL, see explanatory note at the foot of this news-item) PLAMIL CHOCOLATE and PLAMIL FUDGE. Plamil Chocolate is a high quality smooth-textured non-dairy milk-type chocolate, and Plamil fudge is an equally tasty home-made style fudge. All three products are strictly vegan; in fact Plantmilk Limited is the only firm to make exclusively vegan foods. The three lines are now available to Health Food Stores throughout England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland; but if some readers of " The Vegan " should experience any difficulty in obtaining supplies they should place a definite order with their Health Store. Larger machinery is being installed at the factory at Langley to enable output to be increased and pave the way to the possibility of exporting the PLAMIL range. This range will be specially displayed at the following functions: — Plantmilk Society A.G.M., October 1st. Vegan A.G.M., November 4th. Animals Fair, November 25th/26th. Fruitarian Society (early December—date to be announced). Make a point of including the PLAMIL range in your birthday presents! Plamil (formerly callcd Plantmilk) Plantmilk Limited regrets to announce that owing to the stringent regulations covering the use of the word milk, even as part of a brand name, it is being obliged to change the name of its liquid non-animal milk, hitherto marketed under the brand name " Plantmilk ". (The new name PLAMIL is derived from PLAntMlLk.) The Company wishes to state that the formulation and high nutritional quality of this increasingly popular product remain completely unaltered. Nothing is changed except the name. Same size—same price. Plantmilk Limited's current range includes PLAMIL nonanimal milk, PLAMIL chocolate, and PLAMIL fudge. The name of the Company is not affected by the regulations relating to brand names, and remains Plantmilk Limited, as approved by the Board of Trade at the time of the Company's incorporation. Plantmilk Limited, High Street, Langley, Bucks. 23

NEWS AND COMMENTS Practical Veganism. This is the title of a talk to be given by Mrs. Eva Batt at a Conference on " The Positive Aspects of Animal Welfare " to be held at Attingham Park near Shrewsbury, from Monday, November 28th to Thursday, December 1st. Her lecture will be on the Thursday morning. Other speakers will include Sir George Trevelyan, Bart., Charles Slatter (General Secretary B.U.A.V.), Wilfred Risden (for the Lawson Tait Trust), Trevor Scott and Mr. Appleford (both of the R.S.P.C.A.), Miss Sidley (Humane Slaughter Association), Dr. F. Wokes (Director, V.N.R.C.), etc., whilst other societies taking part include, The Vegetarian Society, The London Vegetarian Society, Beauty Without Cruelty, The Soil Association, The National Trust, The Shropshire Conservation Trust and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Our literature will be on sale there and we are sure that Eva will make it a wonderful introduction to veganism for many influential people there. Violin Strings. We are informed by B.W.C. that metal strings for violins can be obtained from Arnold Dolmetsch Limited, Haslemere, Surrey. Jack McClelland. Our long-distance swimmer and Committee member informs us that the possible swims he may try this summer include the Ireland—Scotland swim in late July or early August, a twenty-five mile swim in S.W. Ireland in late August and a professional race across the Wash (Skegness to Hunstanton) between September 10th and 14th—" all on Plantmilk ", he says. Every successful swim gives veganism more publicity—and very compelling publicity. He always swims with the best wishes of all our members to encourage him on! BOOK REVIEW CRIMES AGAINST CRE y and obtainable from Miss Marie Dreyfus, , London, N.8, 25/- post paid. Our diet and clothing are directly related to our attitude to animals. The ever-growing demand for meat produces new methods of breeding and increased exploitation. So does the demand for certain types of clothing. On reading this book, one cannot escape the feeling that, were it not for our artificial mode of life, many of the recorded cruelties would cease. What the compiler describes as crimes against creation is a series of wrongs done to animals in order to benefit man, either for profit, sport or health. Some of the 24

details are gruesomely shocking, but it , is right we should know about them; the trapping of animals for their skins, the indiscriminate poisoning of small creatures by the use of pesticides and weedkillers, and the heartless traffic in old horses, are the concern of all responsible citizens, and keeping our bodies healthy, without the aid of drugs and medicines, would greatly help to curtail experiments on living animals. The book, which contains writings from Bernard Shaw, Naomi Jacob, Ivor Brown and many others, stresses above all, the need to work with nature, not against her, to make better use of the fruits of the earth and not to treat other life forms as pests or slaves. Humane hobbies bring pleasure without destroying life or despoiling the countryside. Watching birds is more fascinating than collecting their eggs, real butterflies more beautiful than dead specimens; we need never indulge in sport which causes suffering. " Crimes Against Creation ", ought to be in every home. It will be a revelation to those who prate about Western civilization and who believe we are so far ahead of the East. It will rouse public opinion and may help to improve the lot of those unfortunate animals w,hose unlived lives should make us feel ashamed. GORDON SADLER.

THE VEGAN RAMBLER B y LOUISE DAVIES

We can, of course, set off happily for the day—with a couple of bags of nuts and raisins, apples and pears—a flask of black tea and a lemon, and some peanut butter sandwiches made from 100% wholemeal bread. Not to forget lettuce and cucumber in plastic bags, and tomatoes in plastic containers originally made for eggs. These containers are obtainable from camping equipment shops. Without a flask, obtaining a drink on a hike is quite easy: Just ask for tea or coffee " black ", or tea with lemon. Or carry a tiny plastic or corked or screwtop bottle with made-up plantmilk with. you. If run out of food, ask for plain bread or crispbread without butter, but some jam or beans-on-toast without butter. In a restaurant, ask for two or three vegetables and potatoes and a portion of peas or beans. Finish with a packet of nuts and raisins from the sweet counter. There is no need to be unsociable! In a pub—and sometimes on a ramble there is nothing else—ask for a plain fruit drink— if possible without added sugar. And happy Roaming! 25

CRUSADE AGAINST ALL CRUELTY TO ANIMALS All humanitarians would wish to see the abolition of intensive livestock husbandry which involves the incarceration of farm animals in factory type buildings for the whole of their lives. A dispassionate and realistic appraisal of the situation in the light of the facts available, however, olearly indicates that such a prospect is unlikely at present. • The mass of the general public (which increasingly consumes colossal quantities of factory farm produce) is not yet ready to acknowledge—either on humane or health grounds—that such a step is necessary and it may take a series of disasters over the years—accumulating from long-term results of these unnatural methods of production—before enough people cry " H a l t ! " and the cry will be heeded. Rather than break our heads uselessly against the brick wall of opposition to complete abolition, it is essential that humanitarians should add their weight to the task of securing reforms which will help farm animals NOW. The Report of the Brambell Committee published on December 1st, 1965, which investigated intensive livestock husbandry, heralded the next stage in our fight for these reforms, a fight which we have conducted through our national Humane Farming Campaign since 1960. T h e Report is a very important document which merits serious study by all concerned about man's treatment of animals. It must b e remembered that the Brambell Committee's terms of reference were not to see whether abolition of intensive methods was desirable or possible but to find out whether cruelty was involved and what steps should be taken in the interests of animal welfare. After months of investigation the Committee concluded that existing legislation does not adequately protect intensively reared animals and that a new Act is needed to provide for the necessary regulations and inspection. These findings endorse the validity of our demand for action and the necessity for our lone voice raised militantly in public five years ago—a voice since joined by the many. The Recommendations for legal reform go much further than we expected but not as far as we urged in our written and oral representations to the Committee in which we made it clear that we viewed the intensive systems (broiler and battery methods) as a retrogressive development in animal husbandry. We therefore view the Recommendations, even if implemented in full, as being only the first step in our campaign to secure a better deal for intensively kept livestock. Our comments on the Report, which we were invited to make, having given oral and written evidence to the Committee, had 26

EFFECTIVE PURIFIER CATARRH BRONCHITIS

OUR

PLAMIL range offers you the only

liquid plantmilk and non-dairy milk-type

CHOCOLATE on the market together with home-made style FUDGE ASK for these at your HEALTH STORE

Made by PLANTMILK LTD., the only firm producing exclusively 100% Vegan Foods * PLANTMILK LTD., Tithe Farm, Langley, Bucks. Contains Charcoal to absorb toxins and Garlic for internal purity Catarrh and Bronchitis are conditions of the mucus linings and bronchial tubes. The chief cause is bacterial infection which impure blood cannot clear. This is why the new CHARLIC tablets are so important. They contain a combination of two of the most powerful ingredients for the treatment of Catarrh and Bronchitis . . . Charcoal and Garlic. Charcoal to absorb impurities from the body and Garlic to act as an internal germicide to attack and conquer harmful bacteria. If YOU suffer from Catarrh or Bronchitis, you should start a course of CHARLIC tablets straight away. 5/6 per 100, 12/6 per 300 6? 38/- per 1,000. Post 9d. extra.

II. H. (iREAVES LTD Printers & Publishers

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necessarily to be kept largely within the terms of reference referred to above. We shall be pleased to supply copies of our Memorandum to the Minister of Agriculture, price 1/- post free. At the time of writing there is still no sign of any proposals from the Minister regarding legislation to implement the Brambell Recommendations and we have made further representations urging aill possible speed. Already heavy opposition has been foreshadowed from vested interests involved in "factory farming" and it is evident that although the Brambell findings have placed a powerful weapon in our hands, the battle is by no means won. [t is absolutely essential that all interested in animal welfare should put this weapon to the most effective use. We shall be glad to advise enquirers as to ways in which they can help. Our national Humane Farming Campaign is just one aspect of the Crusade's all-embracing campaign against cruelty. Our Constitution (non-profit-making association limited by guarantee) is devised to give us freedom to fight cruelty of any kind. Thus, our supporters know where we stand on all issues—CRUELTY IS INDIVISIBLE. Believing that humane education is best started when young, we also run a Junior Section with its own journal " All Living Things ", and we give talks and filmshows in schools, as well as to adults. For the benefit of new readers, the primary objects of the Crusade are: — 1. To oppose by every possible means all forms of cruelty to animals and to unite all animal lovers in this cause. 2. To dispel the ignorance of the general public concerning the ways in which animals are exploited. 3. To work towards the general application of the principle of reverence for all life. We shall be glad to send specimen literature and a copy of the Crusade journal, " With Sword and Shield ", to any enquirer upon receipt of 4d. stamp. Margaret Cooper (Miss), Secretary, Crusade Against All Cruelty to Animals. 3 Woodfielcl way. Bounds Green Road, London, N. 11. COUNCILLOR HILLMAN ASKS A QUESTION Have you ever been puzzled as to what to do about your children's school dinners? Then you will welcome the news Lhat on May 18th this year Councillor Ellis Hillman asked the I.L.E.A. (Inner London Education Authority) Committee whether there was any provision in the School Meals Servioe for those children whose requirements did not fit into the standard pattern —like the children of Jewish, Roman Catholic, lacto-vegetarian or vegan parents. 28

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Mrs. Leila Campbell, Chairman of the Schools Committee, promised to look into the question and contact the various groups concerned to see how they fared. We therefore ask parents to write to our secretary and tell of their experiences. We will collect the letters and send them to Mrs. Campbell at County Hall. As far as we know, there is absolutely no provision for lactovegetarian and vegan children, who either go home for lundh, or make up on their return from school for what they have missed during the day, having left unsuitable foods on their plates. Actually the question could have been: " Is there going to be any provision for . . . ?" Councillor Hillman also has written three volumes of books called " Essays in Local Government Enterprise". The third volume—on education—is dedicated to Marion Owen, formerly Marion Sump, a prominent vegan who emigrated to Newfoundland (Canada), where she is lecturing on English literature. In view of the dedication; the question at " I.L.E.A. "; and the fact that Mr. Hillman himself is a vegetarian—if not yet a vegan —he asks us to request his books at the Public Library. Should we like them, we can buy them for 15/- each from the Merlin Press at 112 Whitfield Street, London, W.l. L.D.

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Many people, some members some not, have written in about an article that appeared in " T h e People" on Sunday, July 24th, 1966, on the Vegan (vegetarian) Communities idea of Mr. Anthony Kelly. No reference appeared to be made to veganism (see our front cover, page 2) whilst stress was laid on community living and sharing, particularly Mr. Kelly's sharing of his life with two ladiesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;one his legal wife. An article that would give a completely wrong idea of what veganism is. Mr. Kelly cannot be blamed for the article, but? perhaps the term veganism is not the right one to include all the ideas that he wishes to incorporate in his community. We have received the following letter: â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Hitchin, Herts. 20.8.66.

Dear Sir, My attention 'has been drawn to an article appearing in " The People" of July 24th, 1966. Although purporting to be about Tony Kelly and his followers it is so worded as to indicate that they are the Vegan Communities Movement, of which I have been secretary this year. I would be grateful if the enclosed disclaimer could be put into the next issue of " Thie Vegan ". The Secretary of the Vegan Communities Movement, based 'at Hitchin, Herts, wishes to state that this Movement, although promoting the formation of vegan/vegetarian communities, has no responsibility for the running of any community launched by one of their members, nor for the one described in an article in " T h e People" dated July 24th, 1966, entitled " M r . Kelly's Odd Idea of Paradise ". , SECRETARY,

Vegan Communities Movement.

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