The Vegan Society, was founded in November 1944
t
Dr.
F r e y Ellis.
Epsom,
Surrey.
Deputy President: M r . J. S a n d e r s o n . V i c e - P r e s i d e n t : M r s . E. B a t t , M r s . S. C o l e s , M r . ). Dinshah, M r s . M . H e n d e r s o n , Dr. C . N i m m o , Miss W. Simmons, Miss M. Simmons, Mrs. E. Shrigley. D r . F. W o k e s . Secretary: Mrs. Kathleen (annaway, , L e a t h e r h e a d , Surrey. Treasurer: M r s . G r a c e S m i t h (to whom all s bsc s be s e n t ) , reen, London, N13 4PU. Librarian: Middx.
Mr.
W.
H.
C.
VEGAN
_ Journal of The Vegan Society
V e g a n i s m is a w a y of living which e x c l u d e s all forms of exploitation of, a n d cruelty to, the animal kingdom, and includes a reverence a n d c o m p a s s i o n for all life. It a p p l i e s to the p r a c t i c e of living on t h e p r o d u c t s of the plant kingdom to t h e e x c l u s i o n of flesh, fish, fowl, e g g s , h o n e y , animal milk and its derivatives, and enc o u r a g e s t h e u s e of alternatives for all c o m m o d i t i e s derived wholly or in part from animals. V e g a n i s m r e m e m b e r s m a n ' s res p o n s i b i l i t i e s to the earth and its resources a n d seeks to bring a b o u t a healthy soil a n d plant k i n g d o m a n d a proper u s e of the m a t e r i a l s of t h e earth. President:
THE
Wright Enfield,
L i t e r a t u r e S e c r e t a r y (for all literat u r e r e q u e s t s ) : M r s . V . Farrell, , Golden L a n e , L o n d o n , E C 1 OT.N. Committee: M r s . Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mr. P . Dawes, D r . F. Ellis, Mrs. V. Farrell, M r . ]. Sanderson, M r s . G. Smith, Mr. A. Williams, Mr. W . Wright. M i n i m u m s u b s c r i p t i o n , w h i c h inc l u d e s " T h e V e g a n " , £ 1 . 2 5 per a n n u m ( a n d 6 3 p for e a c h addit i o n a l m e m b e r o f one f a m i l y at same residence); 63p if age u n d e r 1 8 ; p a y a b l e in |anuary. L i f e Membership, £20.
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The Editorial B o a r d d o a s not n e c e s s a r i l y a g r e e with opinions e x p r e s s e d by contributors to this magazine. C O P Y D A T E : P l e a s e send letters and articles for publication to anderson, , Upminster, E s s e x , on 1st February, 1st May, 1st August. 1st November.
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Magazine Distribution Secretary: D. Hanson, Colchester, Essex.
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A D V E R T I S I N G ( d e p t h given first): W h o l e page 7 i " x 4i" Half p a g e 3i" x 4 } " Half p a g e upright 7\" x 2 - i V Quarter page 3V' x 2 -V Quarter page a c r o s s 1 - } " x 4 i " Eighth p a g e 1] " x 3 R a t e s : W h o l e page, £10; Half page. £6; Quarter page, £3.50; Eighth page, £2. Outside back cover in single colour 2 . c % extra. Outside back cover in two colours, 50% extra. Discounts: 10% on four cons e c u t i v e insertions.
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C L A S S I F I E D A D V E R T I S I N G , Rate: 1 i p per word (minimum 25p per insertion). C a s h with order. Copy Date: Last day for advertising for e a c h issue—1st F e b r u a r y for M a r c h : 1st May for June; 1st August for S e p t e m b e r ; 1st November for December. A D V E R T I S I N G M A N A G E R : Mr. D. Scott, Shoarns, Belchalwell. Blandford, Dorset. A d v e r t i s e m e n t s must be in keeping with the principles of v e g a n i s m . T h e Publishers reserve the right to refuse any advertisement. or c a n c e l any order without explanation. P u b l i s h e d quarterly. Annual subscription 50p; single c o p i e s 1 2 J p including postage, obtainable from the S e c r e t a r y . m
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MINUTES OF THE 27TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE VEGAN SOCIETY AT THE ALLIANCE HALL, LONDON, ON NOVEMBER 27th, 1971, AT 2.30 p . m .
In the Chair: Mr. Jack Sanderson. 42 members attended. Apologies were received from Dr. Frey Ellis, Mrs. M. Henderson and Dr. F. Wokes. Chairman's Remarks In his opening remarks the Chairman told the meeting of a new venture:— the gardens at the Nature Cure Clinic at Tyringham were to be developed as a veganic gardening centre under the guidance of Mrs. R. D. O'Brien. Some of the food products will be eaten by the patients and careful records kept and tests made. Minutes of 1970 A.G.M. As there was a very long Agenda the Chairman's suggestion that last year's minutes be taken as read was accepted. The Executive Committee's Report (see page 7) The report for 1971 to 1972 was read by the new secretary, Mrs. K. Jannaway and its adoption was proposed by Mrs. Shrigley and seconded by Miss M. Simmons. Treasurer's Report Mrs. G. Smith, presenting the report, said that, as suggested at the A.G.M. last year, a £100 had been carried in a deposit account but it had been drawn on during the last month to meet constantly rising expenses. Investments stood at much the same as before—it has been a bad year for buying and selling. The adoption of the report was moved by Mrs. Coles, seconded by Mrs. Batt and carried unanimously.
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1969 £ 18 175 102 56 12 235 4
610
63
£673
1969
£
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR EXPENDITURE
Secretarial Expenses Secretary's Salary Postage, Stationery and Telephone Advertising and Propaganda Meetings T H E VEGAN cost of printing . '. 74 6 0 Less Income: Sales Advertising . 37 12 3 DONATIONS Nature Cure Clinic Veg./Fam. Walk Animal Fair Sundries Loss on Dinner Loss on Sale of Investments
£1469
2
346 18 9 111 18 3 -> 2 0 3 0 0
5 8 4 44 40
2 9 10 19 9
0 10 10 4 5
being Excess of Income over Expenditure
Balance,
LIABILITIES
BALANCE SHEET AS AT
£ s. d. Balance at 1st December, 1969 ... 1468 19 9 Less Excess of Expenditure over Income for the year 117 5 9
ACCUMULATED F U N D :
1469
s. d.
£
s. d.
1351 14 0
THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30th, 1970 1969 £ 198 307 50 32 28 27 26 1 3 —
INCOME
£
Donations Subscriptions Literature (Profit on Sales) Animal Fair Income Tax Recovered Dividends Profit on Sale of Investment Miscellaneous Badges (Profit on Sales) Balance,
—
being Excess of Expenditure over Income
SEPTEMBER 30th, 1970
74 203 1469 £1469
s. 14 1 19 2 4 7 11 10 11 5
—
d. 4 2 10 0 9 9 4 8 10 9
—
£761 17 7
£673
1969 £ 39 1153
159 328 56 27 45 19 6 1 644 117
Office Equipment I N V E S T M E N T S AT 13.11.70 £490) STOCKS AT C O S T : Literature Badges
COST
ASSETS
s. d.
(market value
BALANCE AT B A N K :
Current Account
Deduct Creditor re Food Guide
75 0 0 3 0 0
£
s. d. 38 10 0 983 1 10
78 302 1402 50 £1351
0 15 7 13 14
0 11 9 9 0
I have prepared the foregoing accounts and certify that they are drawn up so as to exhibit a true and correct view of the state of the above Charity as shown by the books. Gloucester Mansions, Cambridge Circus, W.2. (Signed) T . LEACOCK. F.C.A. 13th November, 1970.
Election of Officers It was proposed by Miss Larkin and seconded by Miss Harvey and carried unanimously that the following officers be re-elected: — P R E S I D E N T : Dr. F. R. Ellis (C). DEPUTY P R E S I D E N T : Mr. J . Sanderson (C). V I C E P R E S I D E N T S : Mrs. E. Batt (C), Mrs. Coles (C), Mrs. M. Henderson, Dr. C. Nimmo, Mrs. E. Shrigley, Miss M. Simmons, Miss W. Simmons, Dr. F. Wokes. In recognition of his services to veganism in America and the world, Mr. Jay Dinshah, President of the American Vegan Society, was also elected as a Vice President of the Vegan Society. T R E A S U R E R : Mrs. G . Smith was not seeking re-election but was willing to carry on if no one else could be found. That she should be re-elected was proposed by Miss W. Simmons and seconded by Mrs. Hanson and carried unanimously. E D I T O R : Mrs. Smith took the chair while Mr. Jack Sanderson was re-elected as editor of the Journal (proposer Mr. Ling, Seconder Miss Larkin). C O M M I T T E E : In addition to those marked (C) above Mr. Dawes and Mr. Wright were re-elected on to the Committee, proposed by Mr. Farrell and seconded by Mrs. Shrigley. Thanks were offered to Mr. Bonnie and Miss Larkin for their much appreciated service in previous years and a hope was expressed that they would be able to serve again at a later date when more free of present commitments. Thanks were also offered to Dr. Wokes who has done so much to voice the vegan point of view in scientific circles. Dr. Wokes remains a Vice President although he cannot now get to committee meetings. Mrs. Veda Farrell who had been co-opted on to the committee during the year, was nominated by the committee and duly elected. Mr. A. Williams who had been nominated by four members—Mrs. Farrell, Miss Leneman, Miss Wright and Mr. R. Colby—was also elected. Mr. Leacock, being willing to act as auditor again, was proposed by Mrs. Batt and seconded by Mrs. Smith and elected unanimously. DISTRIBUTION SECRETARY: The committee had been very sorry to learn that Mrs. Hanson could not continue to distribute the Journal. They were glad to accept Mrs. Emptage's offer to take her place. 4
The Future of the Vegan Journal Mrs. Batt explained that the production of the VEGAN Journal was proving to be a financial burden on the Society. We must try to find an alternative means of production. At the moment production costs were so high that we were selling the magazine at less than half of what it cost to produce. Mr. Jay Dinshah had offered to produce the journal combined with his bi-monthly A H I M S A . Mrs. Batt explained that we could greatly reduce costs by changing to a new " direct image " type of print. The journal would be of poorer duality, might not attract so many advertisers and we would have to change our printer (this would be regretful as Mr. Greaves had served us so well for so long). She called upon Mr. Donald Scott from Dorset to show members a type of magazine that he could recommend for the VEGAN. It would cost so much less to produce that we would be able to offer copies for retail and encourage more Journal Subscribers. We could even hope to make a profit for the extension of our vegan work. There was a long discussion during which Mr. Scott patiently answered questions. Finally Mr. Farrell proposed that the Meeting give the committee power to produce a magazine as proposed by Mr. Scott, the details to be left to the discretion of the committee. This was seconded by Mr. Dawes and passed. There followed some discussion as to whether the Journal be produced four or six times during the year. Mrs. Batt proposed that four copies be produced during the coming year. This was seconded by Mrs. Coles and passed by a good majority. Mr. Dawes then suggested that Mr. Scott should be appointed as production manager to work with the Editor. This proposal was seconded by Mrs. Batt and carried by a large majority. Life Membership Subscription Mr. Ling proposed that the Life Membership Subscription be raised to ÂŁ20. This was seconded by Mrs. Coles and a large majority voted in favour. Local Groups Mr. F. Howard spoke briefly on the setting up of vegan groups which he now has well in hand. Young Vegan Group Mr. A. Williams, who had just been elected on to the committee, spoke about forming a young vegan group. Such 5
a young group could do valuable work for the society " not just living with the times but creating them " and could provide useful training ground for future officers of the society. The Chairman said that both local and youth groups rise and fall with the enthusiasm of those prepared to run them. We must welcome all who were willing to be active. The Meeting voted unanimously in favour of forming a Youth Group. Animal's Fair and Vegetarian March The Secretary then appealed for help at the Animal's Fair, a wonderful opportunity that could be made more of if we could have more helpers; and for the Vegetarian March on Sunday, December 5th, the press day of the Smithfield Show. Mrs. Batt asked members to sample the biscuits provided by Mitchelhill's who were considering production and to let her know what they thought of them. There followed tea and an opportunity for members to talk with each other. The Future of Veganism Beginning his talk by singing to the accompaniment of his guitar, Mr. Jay Dinshah went on to assure members that " the tide was turning our way ". During his recent tour he had noticed a change of attitude to veganism as compared with six years ago, a change for the better. In America, too, there was a similar change, especially during the last three years. Today he was welcomed into colleges. Often he went in under the banner of non-violence or Gandhism and brought in veganism as the logical extension. The young people wanted to listen to him. He asked members to stop apologising for veganism. The message of veganism was so logical and clear that we must go straight to the public with it. The future of veganism lay with young people who had drive and enthusiasm. They were questioning old habits and ways of thought. Claiming that the vegan diet was healthier, he quoted an American research project which had shown that even a short-term change to vegan diet had brought down cholesterol levels. Moreover, since vegetables and fruits were at the beginning of the " Food Chain " there was less danger of build up of harmful chemicals in them. But he emphasised we must not be " tea and biscuits " vegans. Veganism had a contribution to make to the world food problem for it required less land to provide vegan food. 6
THE 27th ANNUAL REPORT OF THE VEGAN SOCIETY The last year has shown steady growth with increased membership and great demands for our literature. It has been a year of growing awareness of the opportunities before us and realisation of the greatness of effort required from all vegans if we are to meet the demands of the times. Committee and Officers The Committee were again fortunate in being allowed to use the Nature Cure Clinic premises in Central London and met there twelve times, eleven of which were under the chairmanship of Mrs. Eva Batt. Mrs. Fugeman, Mrs. Shrigley and Mr. Bonnie have resigned from the Committee, the ladies because they can no longer travel regularly to Central London for meetings, and Harry because of a clash of evenings at night school. All have given long and faithful service to the cause and the Committee is glad that they still have their support. Mrs. Veda Farrell was co-opted to the Committee. At the Annual General Meeting of the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre, Mr. Jack Sanderson was re-elected to represent the Vegan Society. We have to thank our president, Dr. Frey Ellis, for his efforts in obtaining substantial grants for medical and nutritional investigations. The results of some have already been published. In March, Mrs. Luise Davis, our secretary, found it necessary to offer her resignation. After five years of devoted service she found that the growing pressure of work and the necessity to find more time for other concerns, made it impossible to carry on. The Committee expressed their gratitude to her and since her retirement letter after letter from correspondents have shown how much she helped vegans in many parts of the country and overseas to maintain what is often a lonely witness. Mrs. Kathleen Jannaway has been appointed in her place and took over the full secretarial duties in September. To ease her work, the Committee has appointed a literature secretary, Mrs. Veda Farrell. She will be responsible for the sale of literature, demands for which are increasing. Members will help the secretary and receive their requests more quickly if they write directly to Mrs. Farrell for any literature required. At the last Annual General Meeting it was decided that the editorship of T H E VEGAN, quarterly Journal of the Society, should be shared between Mr. Jack Sanderson and Mr. Philip Dawes. A " New Look " VEGAN was launched in the Spring by Mr. Dawes and was received with general 7
approval. Unfortunately it was found to cost far too much and the Committee is having to explore other means of carrying on the vital work of maintaining contact with members and of reaching out to others who may be ready for our message. Subsequently, Mr. Philip Dawes has had to give up his work for the journal in order to give more time to " The Food Research and Educational Trust " which has recently been established. Another major publication this year has been T H E VEGAN AND VEGETARIAN S H O P P E R S ' GUIDE compiled by Mrs. Batt and produced jointly by the Vegan and Vegetarian Societies. There has been a steady demand for this book and its sale is helping our finances. The Committee wish to place on record their deep appreciation to Mrs. Batt for the hours of hard work that she has given in making this publication possible. There has also been a great demand for the envelope stickers, " Please be kind to animals by not eating them ". Publicity Our advertisements have appeared in a number of publications during the past year and we feel we must extend this form of publicity. Notices have appeared in the National and Local press and on the B.B.C. Notably, T H E EVENING ECHO—a Hertfordshire paper—interviewed Mrs. Davis and Mrs. Batt after which a three-quarter page article appeared giving, on the whole, a good image of Veganism. An article in the SUNDAY T I M E S of January 24th criticised the vegan diet as inadequate but Dr. Frank Wokes was able to refute it convincingly (see Summer Journal, 1971) and assure members that " animal foods are entirely unnecessary to the diet of man ". Mrs. Batt was heard in " Woman's Hour " on September 27th and October 30th and she managed to drop a few vegan seeds which are no doubt struggling to grow. She has also given ten lectures during the year on " The Food of the Future " and other members have spoken on various occasions and given witness in other ways. For example, Mr. and Mrs. Cluer and their son and daughter had a stall at a local show in August. The Vegetarian Society brought out the first edition of a monthly newspaper in September and vegans must be happy about this successful venture to spread a common concern for animals and for human health to a wider public. There have been many developments during the year in the field of non-animal foods. Vegans welcome anything that can relieve the burden of animal suffering and hope that 8
these new products will be used for direct human feeding and not for imprisoned animals in the factory farms. Plantmilk Ltd. report increasing sales for their vegetable milk, ' Plamil '. Unfortunately these are not great enough as yet to make it competitive with cows' milk which, of course, is subsidised. They are conducting a Questionnaire on the feeding of infants which will be of great value to vegan parents. Their ' Plamil ' chocolate is temporarily discontinued but they will shortly have available chocolate coated raisins. u T u / g increase in the number of Health Food Stores opening. Vegans may have reservations about some of their publicity and products but they are helping people to question their age-old feeding habits. More and more restaurants are catering for vegetarians and vegans and the Committee has been grateful to Miss Leah Leneman for her explorations in this field. It is with great delight that the Committee are receiving applications from so many younger members and we welcome their new ideas and enthusiasm. In April we were pleased to welcome Dr. Williamson who gave a talk favourable to Veganism. The May Meetings were attended by Mrs. Batt and Mrs Coles who, once again, represented the Vegan Society at the Vegetarian Conference. The lovely City of York, which was celebrating its 1900th anniversary, gave good street directions to all the gatherings and it was gratifying to find a greater number of vegans present and to find that the fare was largely vegan. Members have also enjoyed two social evenings at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Farrell in Central London and we were most grateful for these opportunities to discuss common interests. At the end of August a week-end fellowship, primarily for vegans with young families, was enjoyed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Jannaway, our new secretary. Altogether sixteen adults and eleven children participated. Similar offers for such meetings would be of help to both parents and children of vegan families. Towards the end of September the British Natural Hygiene Society held a Convention at Frinton to which Mrs Coles went on behalf of the Vegan Society. Mr. Jay Dinshah was one of the speakers and stress was laid on all the natural methods of developing a healthy body. It was most encouraging to see so many vegans present Since September, Mr. Jay Dinshah, President of the American Vegan Society, has been speaking forthrightlv at many meetings up and down the country and in Scotland Wales and Ireland. ' h
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The International Vegetarian Union Congress Our member, Mr. Brian Gunn-King, is now secretary of the I.V.U., and the Vegan Society was represented at the Congress in Holland during the early part of September by Mrs. Batt and Mrs. Smith. In her speech Mrs. Batt was able to show that a balanced vegan diet, thanks both to the devoted service of pioneers during the last twenty-five years and to the increasing scientific research and clinical investigations, is now recognised to be entirely adequate for the maintenance of health and energy. Mrs. Larkin spoke very ably on behalf of the Plantmilk Society. Once again the Vegan Society attracted a lot of attention at the Animals' Fair. Helpers gave generously of their time and wares. However, it is strongly felt that much more could be made of this opportunity to reach out to people who are obviously aware of animals and therefore open to our influence. They must be shown that the vegan way of life is practical, joyful and relevant to the crisis of our times. With the increasing horrors of factory farming and the rapidly growing awareness of man's ruthless exploitation of his environment, veganism is " an idea whose time has come ". Every vegan has the joyful privilege and undoubted duty to bear witness to a way of life that will not only free other living creatures from age-long cruel exploitation but will also prove the salvation of mankind. OTHER PEOPLE'S POISON ON BBC2 Please reserve Saturday, 22nd January, 1972, at 8.30 p.m. when the Philpott File hour programme) will be given on the theme of " Vegetarianism and Veganism ". Also on the two previous Saturdays there will be lead-up programmes on " The Raising of Meat " and " The Slaughter of Animals ". Please let your friends know, and ask the BBC to repeat the programmes on BBC1. RICHARD ST. BARBE-BAKER Mr. Baker will speak on " My Life, My Trees " on Sunday, 26th March, 1972, at 2.30 p.m. for 3 p.m. at 855 Finchley Road, N.W.I 1. No one has done more for the trees of the earth than Mr. Baker. Please reserve this date. We share it with the Jewish Vegetarian Society. Mr. Baker will sign copies of his new book. 10
VEGAN COMPOST AND VITAMIN B12 By Frank Wokes, Cyril Vesey, and Mary Ranwell of The Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre The food value of plants depends on the nutrients in the soil in which they grow. These nutrients may be divided into two classes, inorganic and organic. Addition to the soil of inorganic fertilisers such as nitrates, phosphates and potassium salts can increase the yield of plants to a limited degree, but it is doubtful if they will add anything to the quality. Beyond a certain point addition of more fertiliser will not produce larger crops. This may in part be due to the fact that plants need for their growth many other inorganic substances besides nitrates, phosphates and potassium. Deficiencies of these in the soil may be overcome by adding to the soil suitable organic matter as compost containing in animal or plant residues supplies of the different inorganic elements needed for plant growth. However, it is only through plants that inorganic matter can be transformed into organic matter. In consequence animal life must depend in the first instance on plant life. The organic structure of plant residues is therefore in closer homeostatic balance to the requirements of soil regeneration than is animal excreta from which essential nutrients have been withdrawn for the animals' own requirements. The bacterial action in veganic (vegetable organic) compost made from plant residues can produce vitamin B . Growing vegetables in soil enriched with veganic compost may therefore provide them with B , less contaminated with vitamin B, analogues than in animal manure. Different samples of manure can vary widely in their B,. content. Thus it is very important to test all the different links in the chain of events, in order to ensure that they lead to success in the treatment of patients suffering from vitamin B deficiency. The conversion of the fruit and vegetable gardens of Tyringham Clinic is being undertaken under the supervision of Mrs. Rosa Dalziel O'Brien, using the methods described in her book " Intensive Gardening". With this end in view, when the gardens are ready tests will be carried out on the nutritive value of the produce as compared with that of more conventional systems of gardening. The vitamin B assay will be the first to be undertaken. 11 12
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A series of experiments is already in progress to ascertain the ability of the roots of plants to absorb vitamin B in solution in water. So far the tests have proved successful. Pfau and C. Kallistratos (1961) described experiments on Vicia faba seedlings grown at room temperature in water and sand cultures to which Co-B had been added. Radioactivity measurements on paper chromatographic separations showed that within twenty-four hours almost all the B . had been taken up, more in leaves than in stems and as much from 14.8 pMol as from 36.9 pMol. Simultaneous experiments at the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre at Stanborough Park, Watford, showed that when the stems of comfrey leaves were dipped in a sufficiently strong solution of vitamin BI in water the vitamin was transported up into the leaves and was concentrated in the tips of the numerous hairs which could be clearly seen under the microscope. Earlier claims by American workers who had detected vitamin B in turnip tops were probably due to the heavy manuring. These results were discussed with Dr. Jack Hannay in the Botany Department at Imperial College, London. He realised the possible significance of these findings, and very kindly offered to collaborate with the Centre. It was necessary to show that the B could find its way into the plants through undamaged roots to ensure that the selective absorption in the root hairs could separate vitamin B,j from B,_, analogues also present in compost. A number of seedlings from different plants were therefore grown under carefully controlled conditions at Imperial College preventing damage to roots or root hairs. Satisfactory evidence was obtained that vitamin B could be absorbed by undamaged roots of different edible plants, including cabbages, and stored in the parts eaten. The next stage in the investigation is to show that the vitamin can be produced in sufficient concentration in veganic compost by the natural action of the soil bacteria and taken up by plant foods grown in that soil. Then it may be claimed that vegetables and fruit containing significant amounts of vitamin B, can be produced by natural means. These would be included in the diet of patients needing vitamin B and there would be no need to resort to B supplementation or any animal food. In order to ensure clear-cut results it will be necessary to remove as completely as possible all unwanted animal matter from the soil in which the produce is grown. This will reduce the requirement for insecticides, pesticides and other undesirable substances which patients should not receive in their food. It is mainly the animal manure that attracts insects. 12 12
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Meateaters in Western countries obtain vitamin B, largely from eggs and milk and cheese, and to a somewhat less extent from meat. Different samples vary widely in their B,, content. Vegetarians consuming sufficient quantities of dairy produce can obtain their B requirement without eating any meat, especially if they include fresh free range eggs in the diet. Dietary surveys and serum B assays in different parts of the country have shown that B deficiencies can occur amongst about 1 per cent of British meateaters. These can best be overcome by providing suitable dietary sources of the vitamin rather than by administering medicinal preparations such as tablets or capsules. Diets in Eastern countries contain much less meat. Average intake per head in India is only about a fifth of that in U.K. and that of milk and eggs is also very low. Animal manure there is mainly used for fuel. Hence composting almost entirely depends on suitable vegetable material and it is important to discover its B content which may indicate a possible B, source in Indian vegetables and fruit grown on veganic compost. Top soil from permanent pasture contains very little of B analogues compared with cyanocobalamin, probably because of its low content of animal manure. Dairy paddock top soil with about ten times as much animal manure contains about nine times as much cyanocobalamin and more than twenty times as much of the analogues. In rumen and caecal bacteria and protozoa the analogues range from three to seventeen times as much as the cyanocobalamin, but normally they do not pass through the intestinal wall into the blood but are excreted with the animal's faeces. Thus experiments on veganic composting may find important applications not only in the U.K. but also in countries such as India where there may be serious dietary deficiency of vitamin B . 2
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DELICE PLAMIL
A vegan cream replacement containing purest vegetable oil, protein, lecithin . . • nothing artificial. A luxury with fruit and dessert (including your Christmas pudding). Also super for Christmas: Plamil Fudge, Plamil Jelly Delytes and Plamil Plantmilkl PLANTMILK
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ALL from your Health Store 13
AN ADDRESS
given by Miss Thelma Larkin, on behalf of the Plantmilk Society, at the I.V.U. Congress in Holland, 1971. To be truly alive, any organisation must evolve. One of the ways in which the vegetarian movement can evolve at this present time is to recognise that agricultural changes now challenge it to look afresh at the definition of vegetarianism. The main agricultural change which affects the vegetarian ethic is the increasing integration of meat and milk production. Meat and milk production are no longer separate items, but a continuum. Farmers know this, and so they speak of " the meat-milk complex ". The truth is, there has always been this connection between meat production and milk production, but recently it has become more apparent to those outside farming. The hidden facts of dairy farming are becoming more widely known. Basically, the facts are these. A cow cannot make milk without first making a calf, for each and every one of her lactations. Human beings cannot have the milk meant for the calf unless the calf is taken away from its mother and dealt with somewhere else—ultimately in the slaughterhouse. Throughout the world, millions of calves are killed every year, largely so that we can have their mothers' milk. Worn-out cows—that is, worn out from one forced pregnancy and lactation after another—are slaughtered for beef. The bulk of the raw materials for beef rearing comes from the dairy herds. These raw materials are calves taken from dairy cows. Today, by the growth of factory farming, more and more of these baby creatures spend all their brief lives in pens in factory farms—confined so that they cannot even turn around, and leaving their life-long prison only to go to the slaughterhouse. This, in briefest outline, is the cruel cost of milk. In Great Britain, there has for some time been a feeling among some vegetarians that the time is ripe for a closer look at the definition of vegetarianism, as laid down more than a hundred years ago. This definition permits the use of milk. Perhaps the single most significant event which has caused this feeling to intensify has been the invention of a non-animal " milk ", known generally as plantmilk, and sold for the first time in Great Britain in 1965 under the brand name of Plamil. It was developed by a charitable organisation known as 14
the Plantmilk Society, and was later put on the market by a Company known as Plantmilk Ltd. It is nutritionally sound as a milk replacement, and ethically it is unquestionable. Although the Plantmilk Society is in the main an ethically-orientated group, nevertheless it has pointed out that there are logical as distinct from moral arguments in favour of a change from animal milk to plantmilk. Where, for example, is the logic of a human being—a member of the higher species—deliberately exploiting an animal in order to drink the milk of a lower species? Where is the " naturalness " of such a curious association? The milk of animals is designed to feed the young of the particular species up to the age of weaning. To divert this milk to our own use, we have set up the most enormous system of exploitation, a system based on a simple, but cruel, idea. That idea may be expressed as follows: " Put the bull to the cow, and when the calf comes, kill it—so that we may have the milk." An aspect of exploitation which is too often overlooked is the effect upon the exploiter, as distinct from the exploited. What hurts the exploited creature also harms the human exploiter, and it also harms those who support and condone it. Decent treatment of animals is not just a question of compassion; it is also a question of the evolution of the human spirit itself. The concern that we should take a fresh look at what milk production involves is not confined to the theorists. An article in a British magazine recently was written by a woman dairy farmer and it began thus: " We hear so much about battery cage birds, etc., yet little or nothing about the most established and largest branch of farming which to me is the most cruel. I mean dairy farming." The article then listed aspects of dairy farming which the writer had learned about from practical experience and which greatly trouble her conscience. As vegetarians, we cannot for ever go on putting our heads in the sands whenever the question of milk is raised. The plain fact is that milk—in truth as distinct from definition—is not a vegetarian food. The Vegetarian Society of the U.K. defines vegetarianism as " the practice of living on the products of the vegetable kingdom with or without the addition of eggs and dairy Droduce . . .". This definition was laid down more than a hundred years ago, when farming was by no means the intense thing it is today. Surely we could take one very small step forward if we amended this definition by substituting the two words " though preferably " for the one word " or ". The definition would then read: " The practice of living on the products 15 1
of the vegetable kingdom with, though preferably without, the addition of eggs and dairy products . . .". This simple amendment, surely, would serve to give notice that we are aware of the ethical question mark made by the use of dairy products, while at the same time recognising that there may, at this present time, be reasonable difficulties in some cases in changing over from animal milk to plant milk. By sticking rigidly to the letter of a definition laid down more than a hundred years ago, we may well stiflle the spirit that strives to animate us. I would, therefore, like to ask this Congress to draw in some suitable way the attention of national vegetarian Societies to the need to re-think their position. Ideals, like everything else, must evolve or die. In the past, there has not been great pressure upon us to think very much about milk, but today that pressure is mounting. We ought, I believe, to take notice of it and do something about it. In a personal way, we can, wherever possible, change from using animal milk to using the humane alternative. In a corporate way, we can so amend the definition of vegetarianism that it takes note of the fact that we cannot any longer hide milk away in our minds as being all right. Plantmilk has been called "the milk of human kindness", and this is the ultimate basis of my request that we take a fresh look at ourselves. For if we believe that beef-farming (which is killing for meat) is wrong, how can we go on believing that dairy farming (which is killing for milk) is not open to exactly the same objection? FUTURE EVENTS
The following three meetings will all be held at the home of Mrs. Jannaway at 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey. (Easily reached, within walking distance from Leatherhead Station. Well served by buses included Green Lines 712 and 714.) SUNDAY, 9TH JANUARY, 1972.—Social Gathering at 2 p.m. to inaugurate a Local Group. Address by Mrs. Eva Batt, and home-made tea. SATURDAY, 27TH JANUARY, 1972.—Our Young Vegan Weekend (can watch Philpott File urther details from Tony Williams, SE26 5QF. (778 7576.) SUNDAY, 18TH JUNE, 1972.—Garden Party at 2.30 p.m. Further details in Spring issue. The Editor regrets that many letters and smaller articles have had to be held over. 16
SOME BRIEF THOUGHTS
AND
RANDOM IMPRESSIONS
of the I.V.U. Congress in Holland by H. Jay Dinshah
This is the third I.V.U. Congress I have attended in six years (England, India, Holland), and I am pleased to note the wide range of subjects and interests covered by the speakers. I think the trend has been toward variety of interest. Not every vegetarian may be interested in food reform, veganism, natural hygiene, better agricultural methods, etc.; but I am sure that most of the leaders are, and recognize the relationships of these subjects to basic vegetarianism. Certainly those present at the Congress seemed to realize that the finer ideals and practices of vegetarianism at least imply something far more than just not eating animals. The " total vegetarian " or vegan viewpoint was amply and ably represented in the talks and displays, including the lectures given by Eva Batt on healthful aspects of veganism, Thelma Larkin for Plantmilk, Kenneth O'Brien for veganic agriculture, and so on. Nevertheless, the proportion of delegates specifying vegan meals at the banquet, was rather small—under ten per cent, I would estimate. We certainly do have a lot of educating to do within the movement, as well as among the general public! I liked the arrangement of the tables and booths. We had a table for the American Vegan Society, selling quite a few books and giving away free literature on veganism, natural hygiene, and Gandhian books; but there were also more ambitious projects, the largest and most interesting being from the Aurobindo Ashram in India. I would like to see more of such displays—especially educational ones as opposed to relatively commercial ones—encouraged at future congresses. There has been some criticism—not altogether without some basis—that it seems wasteful or impractical to have these congresses with delegates meeting in relatively luxurious surroundings when the message of vegetarianism is of such great importance to the impoverished and " undeveloped " nations, as well as the more affluent ones. Certainly there is something incongruous about people gathering in splendid surroundings and eating a several-course banauet, whilst discussing the problems of malnourishment and how 17
best to feed the ever-growing population on this planet. But on the other hand, it is highly likely that in so " going first class" the affair attracted much more widespread and favourable publicity from the news media, including the public press and Dutch and English (B.B.C.) television coverage. Perhaps at a future congress we can arrange to have a twenty-four-hour fast instead of a banquet, thus not only better sympathizing with the under-fed of the world but also providing a still more newsworthy item for the reporters! Certainly Mrs. Eikeboom and the efficient Dutch Vegetarian Society deserve great credit for hosting and making the local arrangements for this congress. The I.V.U. General Secretary—Brian Gunn-King—and his wife, Margaret, also seemed to be everywhere at once, constantly working to " keep the ball rolling " smoothly. The I.V.U. is fortunate to have such able and dedicated workers and leaders; and they deserve all the help and support that vegans, vegetarians, and our organizations, can give them in their efforts to spread the message on a truly world-wide basis. Although the biennial I.V.U. Congresses are often thought of as the main (or only!) function of the I.V.U., this is not necessarily true. The I.V.U.—and especially the General Secretary— works hard in the time between Congresses, contacting and corresponding with vegetarian groups around the world. Since the last Congress two years ago, many new areas, including parts of South America and Africa, have begun to be represented in the I.V.U. The I.V.U. also serves as an information centre for vegetarianism, and through its Science Council, as a collector and disseminator of hard scientific evidence for the vegetarian (and often vegan) concepts and practices. BIRTH ANNOUNCEMENT Brian and Margaret Gunn-King wish to announce the birth of a daughter—Venetia Ella, as a sister to Sita Laura, on Fridav 22nd October, 1971, at 5 p.m. (17.00 hrs.) at " Braidjule ". The baby weighed lbs. and has red hair and blue eyes. Sincere congratulations to the secretary of the International Vegetarian Union. May we say that the colours didn't surprise us! Our Librarian will advise members on suitable books on any subject pertaining to the humane way of life. He generously gives his time and advice, but please enclose a stamped, e for a reply. Write to: Mr. W. Wright, , Enfield, Middlesex. 18
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DIETARY SUGGESTIONS The following is intended merely as a guide, for typically vegan meals. On Rising.—Any kind of fruit juice as available, a herb drink with fresh lemon juice, or water. Breakfast.—Wholegrain cereal, oatmeal, etc., or; Soaked dried fruit or fresh fruit, with or without a vegetable milk, or; Muesli, or; Wholemeal toast with grilled tomatoes, or yeast extract. Midday.—Vegetable soup. A raw salad; grated root vegetables may be added to leafy green ones but not a wide variety at one time; A few nuts, whole or grated. Wholemeal bread with Barmene and, if liked, some nut butter or vegan margarine, used sparingly. (A potato baked in its skin would be a good alternative to bread, the yeast extract can still be added to this.) Serve salads with a dressing of vegetable oil, such as sunflower, or a mixture of oil and lemon juice. Followed by a sweet such as a " milk " pudding (rice or Barley Kernels for instance), made with vegetable milk. Evening Meal.—A savoury dish containing whole rice, wheat, soya or nuts (if not in midday meal), with two or three vegetables in season, cooked or raw. A dash of Tamari Soy Sauce if liked. Fruit in season or soaked dried fruit— with nuts if not in earlier dishes. The Midday and Evening Meal can be transposed but one at least should contain a good protein such as nuts, (especially almonds, Brazils, cashews, peanuts) lentils or other legumes, or a wholewheat dish. All vegetables may be scrubbed and cooked with skins on, and potatoes in their jackets can be served with either meal. Sea salt may be added for flavour. Variations.—Seeds such as sunflower may replace nuts for a change. Yeast and wheat germ are valuable additions to any dish and can be added to soups, savoury dishes, breakfast cereals, etc. Soya flour. Add a little to savouries, soups and bread dough, etc. Soya should always be cooked. Lentils can replace nuts in savoury dishes. Sprouted grains and seeds of all kinds can be added to hot or cold meals. These cost little and can be easily sprouted. Vegetable oils are far superior to hydrogenated fats. For sweetness rely as much as possible on dried fruit —soaked apricots, sultanas, etc. When sugar is used it should be unrefined. 21
FOOTWEAR NEWS The Co-Operative Wholesale Society are introducing new ranges of shoes for ladies under their brand names of Elizabeth and Comfort. These have uppers of the British pormeric material ' Porvair ' which has all the qualities of leather without the stain of slaughter. The part numbers are: — T40. 2521/2/3 \ T40. 2541/2/3 All in a choice of colours at £4.25 T40. 2571/2/3 i in the shops early in the Spring. T40. 2641/2/3 > Now available: — T.2351/2 £3.49 T.2361/2 £3.49 T.2391/2/3 £3.99 T.2401/2/3 £3.49 All in a choice of colours. T.2451/2/3 £3.99 T.40 2471/2/3 £3.99 T40. 2491/2/3 £2.99 For men, also in Porvair with no leather in any part: — RIO 0046/7 ! - Other models are to be introduced later. Ask also to see Co-Op children's shoes in Porvair. E.B. A VEGAN WEEKEND August the 28th and 29th, 1971, are two very special days in the history of the Vegan society and our thanks go to Mr. and Mrs. Jannaway and their family for making the occasion possible. So much hard work must have gone into preparing for the thirteen adults and nine children who were present on the Saturday and for the sixteen adults and eleven children who met on the Sunday—added to which— fourteen of the Saturday folk stayed for the Saturday night! Indeed it was a family weekend with little ones of varying ages playing so happily that they forgot their tea-time and allowed the adults to discuss the different approaches to veganism until 6.30 p.m. on the Saturday. Unfortunately I was not able to attend the following day but I understand that the discussion concerned the difficulties that have to be met when bringing children up as vegans and that Mabel Cluer and her family were able to give their experiences. Having been in the society from its early years, I felt especially privileged to be invited and to be able to witness the growth in numbers of the young parents and their families who are treading the narrow, healthy and true path which leads to Ahimsa. SERENA C O L E S . 22 1
i n
B l a c k
o r
B r o w n
A 1 1
a t
£ 3
7 5
ASK
(The Committee has long felt the need of a Question and Answer page where readers, especially those new to veganism, could state their problem and receive a reply. One of our members who has had lifelong experience and coped successfully with the problems that may arise on the vegan path, is willing to share that experience and the garnered wisdom that goes with it in a new feature starting with this issue. Address your questions, please, to ASK, c/o the Editor. Question I have three children, two boys and one girl. My problem is that a good deal of conflict arises at meal times because my little girl refuses to eat any cheese or dishes made with cheese, and insists they make her feel sick. She has to be persuaded to have milk, too! Having discovered that there are people who never eat these things and get along very well without, substituting nuts for the cheese and fruit drinks for the milk, I wonder if you could help to bring a little harmony to our table? The boys, I'm afraid, want to have the best of both worlds—the cheese and the nuts! At present our income doesn't stretch that far. Answer Yours is a situation that often arises when diet is changed where there are a number in the family; whether it is a direct change from meat-eating to vegetarianism, or, as in your case, from vegetarianism to veganism. It is my experience that if dishes, alternative to cheese, are made attractive, most children like them. You may be assured that nuts are a good source of protein, and you could happily satisfy all the three children's hunger without introducing the cheese and cheese items which are the troublesome issue. Soya, in the form of flour, may be added to cooked dishes, soups or cakes or pastry. The beans, are often an ' acquired taste ' and need to be heavily disguised to be acceptable to some children. Additional raw nuts and raisins, eaten as sweets, are always welcomed. Try Plant Milk, diluted as a drink. In no circumstances should any form of punishment be given to either the girl, for refusing the cheese and milk, or the boys for wanting the ' different ' meal. Make allowance for force of habit, and children's natural wish to have variety. It would, no doubt, help to explain that many people in the world eat very differently from the British, and that food preferences may vary from county to county. Avoid any comment or action which would suggest that your girl is ' odd ' or ' funny peculiar '! ANON. 23
" B E KIND TO ANIMALS BY NOT EATING THEM" These small labels have been printed to stick on envelopes and are available at 9p for 25, 15p for 50, 27p for 100 post free.
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THE SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS " Peace on Earth—Good Will to Men " But " Pain and Death to they Who furred and feathered be " For Christ is born on Earth Today; And the Massacre of the Innocents Is on—year after year. " Is it nothing to you—all ye who pass by? " Sad corpses everywhere? Is this the way to celebrate The Birthday of Our Lord? Who bids us " Feed My Lambs If ye would love Me "—but a sword We give. How horror-struck Must Gentle Saviour be To see the slaughter of His loved ones Dear to Him—as we. " A man may sell two sparrows For five farthings—think on this; But each one, in the eyes of God Is labelled—known—priceless. And all must be accounted for On that last ' Day of Days ' " And who are we to alter this? Get mirror Sir—and gaze Upon yourself—what do you see? A ghoul—who thinks he should Dead flesh devour—then smack his lips And wash it down—with blood From some poor beast, whose wretched days In close confinement spent, Denied all natural joys—must laze On wire—or cold cement? Tomorrow, Bill Smith holds a fete, For 'tis his Natal Day. Take knife Sir—go—his children slay; As a gift that would be great. For what is good enough for Jesus Surely must be right For mortal man? So ' Pleasant Dreams Of Christmas Day '. Good Night. B y SYLVIA SWONNELL.
(Copyright.)
25
THE POTATO
Today Scotland leads in producing fine quality seed Potatoes, but when first the crop was grown there, the preachers of the day denounced it as being unfit food for Christians, not having been named in the Bible! This was in the early 1700's; a hundred years before that the Irish were growing them as a field crop. It is popularly believed that Sir Walter Raleigh introduced the potato (solanum tuberosum) to the British Isles, but according to some authorities he never even saw them in America. There is evidence, however, that Sir Francis Drake did, discovering them in Chile in 1578—possibly where they were growing wild on the Pacific Coast. Under cultivation they spread to other parts of South America and thence to Virginia. Potatoes were being grown in Italy in 1585, having, it is believed, been taken to Europe from South America by Spanish Ships. In approximately 400 years this vegetable has become the most important of all in terms of tonnage: most people eat them once or twice a day. In view of the trend in recent years to denounce it as being fattening when slimness is considered desirable, is it, one wonders, due to a decline in favour? Where once the standard vegetable was the potato, other vegetables in addition have become very popular. Opinion is divided among dieticians as to its merits as a food! One athlete, known to me, considered the potato a wonder food to train on! He himself always had them boiled and fried for breakfast—and a very generous amount! and I recall that a Russian boat crew over in this country, some years ago, were reported as having the same. Home grown new potatoes with mint sauce in the early summer, and baked ' in their jackets ' in autumn and winter are almost a way of life in the British Isles. By-the-way, T H E G U I N N E S S BOOK OF RECORDS says that the record weight for one is 7 lbs. (British Isles). Some varieties are more satisfactory than others for baking: Red King is a favourite, having that fluffy white centre and crisp skin if prepared as follows:— Choose fairly large ones and scrape or peel very thinly, prick the surface with a fork and then lightly ' smooth ' over with olive or other vegetable oil or cooking fat. Place in a very hot oven for ten to fifteen minutes then turn over, reducing the heat fairly hot for another twenty to thirty minutes, or possibly more. To decide if they are cooked sufficiently place in a teacloth and squeeze: if they yield to the pressure and the skin bursts, they are ready. Serve very hot, 26
with vegetable margarine blended with mint or parsley according to taste. GENERAL GARDENING HINTS Continue clearing crop debris, burning any that is too coarse or hard stemmed to include in the compost heap. Plant out lettuce seedlings in the cotelydon stage the first week in December if you have a greenhouse or Dutch lights. Make notes of the type of crop grown on each section of the vegetable garden, so that a good rotation may be maintained. In the veganic method this is the time to roughly ' scrap' the soil of the strip garden beds and spread a ' darkening ' of soot over the surface. If you sowed broad beans at the beginning of November lightly cover them with straw when severe frost is expected. Although the beans sown then will be just that little earlier, one must not expect as good a crop as those sown February/March. R . DALZIEL O'BRIEN.
GUEST HOUSES During the summer months I stayed for one or two nights at nine different guest houses and was delighted to find that all of them, without exception, catered for vegans. However, time after time I found that rather than simply do a vegan dish that night most of them would do something special just for me—as if no lacto-vegetarian could possibly eat something which did not contain eggs or cheese! I found this the height of absurdity, particularly as the dishes served to me were usually delicious enough to satisfy a meat-eater, let alone a vegetarian. Anyway, here is a quick run-down of the places I stayed at, all of which I could recommend for a vegan holiday. I hope , that any readers who have stayed at any of the many which I did not get to, or who disagree on my opinions of the ones I have, will write in and share their views. (N.B. Unfortunately the fact that most vegetable margarines are not vegan is still not common knowledge: I usually carry my own with me, just in case.) RIVER HOUSE (Lyme Regis)—A pleasant, informal house in one of the loveliest parts of England. Nice atmosphere and tasty food. 13 PADDOCKS WAY (Chertsey)—They even advertise " cater for vegans " so no problems here. Vegetables fresh from the garden and home-baked bread are great boons. This is really a private house, with Mr. and Mrs. Young taking a few paying guests so that one feels rather like a member of the family. It is in the middle of a town but within reach of much lovely countryside. 27
ROSE HOUSE (Hindhead)—The house is within easy reach of miles of National Trust countryside. Meals are not punctual but are more than ample and there is a superb collection of books. SANDY POINT (Frinton)—Not a very inspiring corner of England, though there is an excellent beach, but the guest house itself has an excellent and well-deserved reputation. It is beautifully kept and the warmest welcome imaginable awaits every visitor. Enormous quantities of delicious food and this is the one place where they actually got in a supply of Plamil for me (for just one night!). WAVENEY (Brighton)—No longer in operation although Mr. and Mrs. Golding are now running self-catering flatlets in another part of Brighton. Pity because they are real professionals and this was about the only place where the same delicious vegan meal was served to all the guests. TEKELS PARK (Camberley)—I did not get the opportunity of sampling a cooked meal but enjoyed the salad buffet. Atmosphere a bit clinical, but professional. MEDHOPE GROVE (Tintern)—Mr. Wood, who runs this, believes in raw eating and grows his own unsprayed fruit and vegetables, so it is an ideal place for anyone who does not crave cooked meals. The house is a bit haphazard but it is set amidst glorious scenery. KILDARE HOUSE (Llandudno)—This one is not vegetarian but Mr. and Mrs. Usher are themselves vegetarians and she is an excellent cook and caters well for vegans. The house is within easy reach of all the beauty spots of North Wales. SPADE HOUSE (Folkestone)—Beautiful house (H. G. Wells lived there) in beautiful grounds overlooking the sea, wonderful atmosphere and delicious food. (Full addresses and telephone numbers may be obtained from T H E VEGETARIAN HANDBOOK.) LEAH LENEMAN.
SPIRITUAL HEALING (The following extract is from a reader's letter.) " Would the Vegan Society please consider printing in the journal a request for vegan spiritual healers to contact them so that a list of such people is available to those who ask? " Very pleased to comply—would vegan spiritual healers please forward their names, addresses and telephone numbers to the secretary, Mrs. Jannaway. 28
Classified Terms: Cash with order to: Mr. D. Scott, Shoarns. Bclchalwell, Blandford, Dorset. (1 \p per word minimum insertion 25p: 1 0 % discount on [our consecutive insertions.) BRITISH VEGETARIAN YOUTH MOVEMENT. A n o r g a n i s a t i o n for people 12 —• 3 5 . Social gatherings, holidays, m o n t h l y m a g a z i n e , etc., organised. F u r t h e r particulars from Sec., B . V . Y . M , , c / o T h e Vegetarian Society ( U . K . ) Ltd., 53 M a r l o e s R o a d , L o n d o n , W . 8 . CASH AND CARRY PRINTERS FOR GOOD CAUSES. P h o t o n o v a Press, 10 D e r b y Road, C a v e r s h a m , R e a d i n g , B e r k s . Tel.: 0734 475605. T H E C O M P A S S I O N A T E D O C T R I N E OF A H I M S A is stressed in the m o n t h l y publication " A H I M S A " ( n o n - k i l l i n g , harmlessness). F u l l year, 50p in British stamps or coins. THE AMERICAN V E G A N S O C I E T Y , Malaga, N.J. 08328, U.S.A. "DEAR SIR" MAGAZINE. T h e new, completely redesigned e d i t i o n is n o w available with new, new, new hard hitting letters, crossword, recipe and cartoon. If y o u h a v e s o m e t h i n g to tell others about send it to " D e a r Sir " the correspondence magazine. S i n g l e copies 13p i n c l u d i n g postage or by a n n u a l subscription to: Dear Sir M a g a z i n e , 5 0 H i g h Street, M a l d o n , Essex. NEW VEGAN, aged 5 8 a n d female, seeks e m p l o y m e n t or Business P a r t n e r in the v e g a n w o r l d . ( M i s s ) M . ).
RADIONIC QUARTERLY. T h e Radionic A s s o c i a t i o n ' s j o u r n a l , of g r o w i n g importance a n d r e l e v a n c e today, w h i c h explores all subjects bearing o n h e a l t h a n d healing. A r t i c l e s deal w i t h radionic techniques, the l a w s of v i b r a t i o n , diet, all forms of u n o r t h o d o x healing, a n d c u r r e n t affairs as they a f f e c t our e n v i r o n m e n t . Annual subscription £1.25, including postage. A p p l y to T h e S e c r e t a r y , T h e Radionic Association Ltd., Keys, W i t n e y Street, Burford. Oxford, O X 8 4RX. VECANIC GARDENING. COMPOSTING AND NO-DIGGING. G r o w your vegetables in the purest w a y k n o w n . P O S T A L TUITION. S.A..E, for terms. Veganic Gardening, 4 Ainsdale Crescent. Reading. RG3 3NG. VEGFAM. F a m i n e R e l i e f by v e g e t a b l e foodstuffs, c r o p irrigation, leaf-protein T h e Sanctuary. Lydford, processing. — Okehampton, Devon.
Establishments Catering for Vegans BROOK LINN. Callender, Perthshire. Mrs. Muriel Choffin. C a l l e n d e r 103. COOMBE LODGE GUEST HOUSE. W o t ton-under-Edge. Gloucestershire. Apply Kathleen Keleny. Tel.: 3165. DEVON, SOUTH MOLTON. Roy W i l s o n , 36 Prebend Mansions, Chiswick, W . 4 . Tel.: 01-994 3565. EASTBOURNE. M a r g a r e t Fisher, Edgehill, M i l l Road. Telephone: 30627; guests 2 1 0 8 4 . LAKE DISTRICT. Rothay Bank, Grasmere. W r i t e Isabel James. Tel.: 334. SHALIMAR. First A v e n u e , F r i n t o n - o n Sea, Essex. T e l . : M r . K . R. S i d h w a , Frinton-on-Sea 2 8 2 3 . " W O O D C O T E " , L e l a n t , S t . Ives, wall. John and Hazel Biackaller, Hayle 3147.
CornTel.:
W Y E VALLEY. M r . and M r s . H . W o o d , Medhope Grove, Tintern, Mon., NP6 7NX. Tel.: Tintern 253.
FREE LECTURES
Experienced vegan lecturers are available who will be pleased to speak, without charge, to any group interested in food and health. Please w r i t e as soon as possible to the Talks Organiser . . . .
Middx.
,
. . . . giving choice of dates and stating whether or not it will be possible for your club or group to meet-r-or perhaps share — t h e lecturer's travelling expenses.
FRESHLY IMPORTED NUTS FOR YOUR ENJOYMENT! Brazil Kernels
7 lbs. £2.80 14 lbs. £5.40
|ordan A l m o n d s 7 lbs. £3.35 14 lbs. £6.50 Blanched Almonds
7 lbs. £4.80 1 4 lbs. £9.40
W a l n u t Kernels 5 lbs. £2.50 10 lbs. £4.30 Cashews (Unsalted)
6 lbs. £2.40 12 lbs. £4.80
Hazelnuts
7 lbs. £2.60 14 lbs. £5.00
Mixed Nut Kernels
7 lbs. £2.75 14 lbs. £5 30
CRANKS HEALTH I FOODSI Marshall St
London W1
O u r shop offers you the selection of unadulterated unrefined vegetarian foods.
best and
open M o n d a y to Friday 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturday 9 a.m. t o I p.m.
Salted Cashews 6 lbs. £2.80 12 lbs. £5.43 J u m b o Peanuts 7 lbs.. £1.60 14 lbs. £3.00 Thompson Sundried Seedless Raisins 7 lbs. £1.60 14 lbs. £3.00 MINIMUM
•
ORDER
P l e a s e , c a s h w i t h order
O u r restaurant offers you a continuous buffet service of fresh salads, f r u i t and vegetable juices and vegetarian savouries. open M o n d a y t o Friday 10 a.m. to 8.30 p.m.
£3
to:
E D W A R D LOCK WOOD Ltd. Stephensons
Way,
FORMBY, LIVERPOOL, L37 8EC This
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