The Vegan Winter 1972

lOp

Winter 1972

i

contents:1 Annual R e p o r t 4 YVS at W e s t c l i f f e 5 O u t s i d e r l o o k s at Veganism 6 Year of the

Tree

9 Cultivation of Soil v A n i m a l Husbandry 12 F e s t i v e

Fare

16 B o w l i n g the P i g 19 N o t e s on a Vegan Family 20 L e t t e r s 22 Book R e v i e w s ,24 Shopping with Eva

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FOODS

54 CHURCH STREET (upper part of Church St. , opp.

churchyard)

BRIGHTON Tel 29386

THE C H E A P E S T N A T U R A L FQODS SHOP IN BRIGHTON FOR A F U L L RANGE O F : C H E A P NUTS AND DRIED FRUITS WHOLE GRAIN C E R E A L S ( o r g a n i c a l l y grown w h e r e v e r p o s s i b l e ) FRESH STONEGROUND FLOURS (as above) C E R E A L FLAKES AND MUESLI BASE (all o r g a n i c a l l y grown) COMPOST GROWN V E G E T A B L E S HOME

BAKED

BREAD

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I

THE VEGAN SOCIETY founded 1944 Advocates living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of all food and other commodities derived wholly or in part from animals. Its members base their lives on the ethic of Reverence for Life and seek to free themselves from all forms of cruelty and exploitation. They are aware of man's responsibilities to his environment and seek to promote the proper use of the resources of the earth.

President: Dr. Frey Ellis, Epsom, Surrey.

Deputy President: Mr. J. Sanderson.

Vice Presidents: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mr. J. Dinshah, Mrs. M. Henderson, Dr. C. Nimmo, Miss W. Simmons, Miss M. Simmons, Mrs. E. Shrigley, Dr. F. Wokes.

Secretary: Mrs. K. Jannaway, d, Leatherhead, Surrey.

Treasurer: Mrs. G. Smith (to whom all subscriptions should be sent), Palmers Green, N.13 4UP. Librarian: Mr. W. Wright, Enfield, Middlesex.

Literature Secretary: (for all literature requests): Mrs. V. Farrell, Golden Lane, London, E.C.1.

Committee: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mr. P. Dawes, Dr. F. Ellis, Mrs. V. Farrell, Mr. J. Sanderson, Mrs. G. Smith, Mr. A. Williams, Mr. W. Wright.

Minimum subscription, which includes'THE VEGAN", £1.25 per annum (and 63p for each additional member of one family at the same residence); 63p if age under 18; payable in January. Life Membership, £20.

THE VEGAN Quarterly 10p Editorial Board: Kathleen Jannaway, Secretary, to whom all copy should be sent. Eva Batt, Chairman of the Council. Karl Farrell, of the Young Vegan Section.

Editorial Advisor: Jack Sanderson B.Sc. Scientific Advisor: Dr. Frey Ellis Distribution Secretary: Linda Emptage, NOTE NEW ADDRESS 53, Winstanley Crescent, Ramsgate, Kent.

Advertisement and Production Manager: Donald Scott, Blandford, Dorset. (Tel: Sturminster Newton 532) The Editorial Board does not necessarily agree with opinions expressed by contributors to this magazine, or endorse advertisements.

Copy Dates: 1st day of:— February for "Spring", May for "Summer", August for "Autumn", November for "Winter".

Printed by "Shoarprint", Belchalwell, Blandford, Dorset for the Vegan Society, 47, Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

Annual Report of the Vegan Council NOV E M B E R

1972

The Council of the Vegan Society is p l e a s e d to report a year of growth and of preparation for greater growth a s the need for our way of life becomes e v e r more o b v i o u s . They have met e a c h month a t the Nature Cure Clinic in London. Eva Batt who was unanimously elected Chairman again h a s presided e l e v e n t i m e s , and Serena Coles o n c e . They have e n j o y e d t h e co-operation of the Young Vegan Section represented at eight of their meetings by Tony Williams and at a l l of their meetings by either Veda or Karl Farrell.

Since the Committee of the Young Vegan Section now f u n c t i o n s a s a sub-committee of the Society, it was decided that it would be more convenient if in future t h e Executive Committee was known as the Council of the Vegan Society.

Mr Pollard, Solicitor to the Society, having given the a s s u r a n c e that t h i s c h a n g e of name required no change in the r u l e s , it was adopted and minuted a t the April meeting. Also at the April Meeting it was formally moved and a c c e p t e d t h a t Eva Batt, Grace Smith, and Frey Ellis be recognised a s Trustees of the Society. Philip Dawes had to resign from the Committee owing to p r e s s u r e of other work but he kindly Offered to help with artwork when it was r e q u i r e d . The Council will be glad to take advantage of t h i s much appreciated offer when o c c a s i o n a r i s e s . There have been no other Council c h a n g e s , but Kathleen Jannaway, who was appointed part-time s e c r e t a r y in September 1971, h a s been working f u l l - t i m e since July 1972. There h a s been an increasing f l o w of c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , the average of 160 items a month during l a s t winter having r i s e n to 220 t h i s month to the Secretary alone; a further 120 on a v e r a g e per month is dealt with by the Chairman, the Literature Secretary and other members of the C o u n c i l .

Publications The Council have been busy bringing the Society's publications up to d a t e . Two new l e a f l e t s have been published: "Egg and Milk M a c h i n e s " by Eva Batt and "Two Population Explosions" by Kathleen Jannaway. A new p r a c t i c a l handbook h a s now been printed under the title "An Introduction to P r a c t i c a l Veganism"; it i s intended to help those new to veganism to adopt s u c c e s s f u l l y the vegan way of life with the minimum of d i f f i c u l t y . Another b o o k l e t , "Vegan Nutrition", i s being planned to give d e t a i l s of the s c i e n t i f i c b a s i s of our d i e t . A vegan cookery book i s being compiled by Eva Batt and should be a v a i l a b l e early in 1973. The American Vegan Society printed for u s , under the title "Why V e g a n i s m ? " , a restatement of our alms and principles and an a s s e s s m e n t of the present health s t a t u s of v e g a n s by Eva Batt. A poster h a s been produced in two s i z e s with the caption - "The Vegan Way of l i f e i s e a s y on your pocket, e a s y on the environment, e a s y on our fellow creatures".

New pendant brooches have been received and a way devised for turning them into brooches and p i n s .

Marie Dreyfus h a s donated 50 copies of her book "Crime's Against Creation" to be sold for the Society's f u n d s . The library h a s been enriched by s e v e r a l new books: "The Language of Silence" by J Allen Boone; the symposium "Men, Animals and M o r a l s " , and "The Friendship Book" by Francis Gay. Publicity The Society h a s advertised in twenty-two different p e r i o d i c a l s , and plans 1

a pre-Christmas advertisement in the Evening News. We have had notice, mainly of a friendly nature, in many publications. The most notable have been reported In "The Vegan". In January this year the BBC 2 programme, "The Phillpot File" gave a powerful and favourable presentation of the vegetarian and vegan alternative to the way of life generally accepted in the.

West - that based on livestock rearing and the slaughterhouse. Eva Batt also appeared on television in the ITV programme "Good Afternoon" and was able to present points affirming the vegan contribution to health and to the solution of the world food problem.

At least ten vegans marched in the demonstration organised by the Vegetarian Society on the occasion of the Smithfield Show l a s t December.

Meetings Members able to get to London, Surrey and Middlesex have had the opportunity of attending various meetings during the y e a r . In January Eva Batt made suggestions to the newly launched Surrey and District Group on "How to Spread Veganism". In March, Richard St Barbe Baker, the 'Man of the Trees', spoke to a crowded meeting at the Finchley headquarters of the Jewish Vegetarian Society. The meeting was organised jointly by that Society and the Vegan Society. In April, members of the Young Vegan Section shared their ideas about veganism with sixteen others of the Surrey and District Group at the home of Serena Coles in Purley. On 4th June members gathered at the invitation of the YVS to hear David Philips, a market gardener from Australia, speak at Marlowes Hall. In June, a l s o , a garden party that rain turned into an indoor meeting, was attended by over forty people. Richard St Barbe Baker, deputising at the last minute for the sun, spoke movingly of his l i f e long devotion to trees and to his fellow men a n d o f his growing realisation of the importance of the vegan contribution. A vegan save for'honey (he had cared personally for bees since a boy).

The Vegan Council was very happy to welcome him as an Honorary Associate Member. Later in June Jack Sanderson gave an interesting talk a t Eva Batt's home in Middlesex. In August a children's party and a YVS weekend were enjoyed at Leatherhead.

Local Groups Members in the London area have drawn great comfort from the fellowship enjoyed at these events and every effort must be made to extend such opportunities to members in other parts of the country. Frieden Howard having done a lot of the initial work; the Council hopes to help launch several local groups during the next y e a r .

Meetings of Other Societies Eva Batt and other members of the Council have spoken at meetings of other groups and the Society was represented at the Animals' Fair, the Vegetarian Society May meetings, the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre's AGM, at Plantmilk Ltd's open day at their new factory at Folkestone, a t an Animal Welfare Teach-in organised by the Greater World Spiritualist Church, at the Council of Animal Welfare Society's meetings at an anti-factory farming demonstration in London and at other meetings and e v e n t s . Both at the May meetings and at the Spiritualists' Teach-in good use was made of display material prepared by the Young Vegan Section.

2

"The Vegan" At the AGM last year Donald Scott was appointed a s Production Manager to work with the editor, Jack Sanderson, to produce a magazine that would not be a serious financial loss to the Society. Accordingly, the spring 1971 i s s u e was printed by a direct image process and w a s , on the whole, welcomed by the membership a s an acceptable venture. In the early summer the editor was involved in serious personal trouble and was not able to get the copy for the summer journal to Donald Scott In time for him to deal with i t . New printers were found, but they failed to produce a satisfactory piece of work.' The summer journal appeared two months late and with many f a u l t s . Members behaved with commendable patience, tolerance and understanding. An Editorial Board consisting of Eva Batt, Karl Farrell representing the Young Vegans, and the Secretary was formed to help with the subsequent I s s u e s . Jack Sanderson will be editorial adviser and Frey Ellis scientific a d v i s e r . Donald Scott agreed to produce and print the magazine a g a i n . Accordingly, the autumn journal was produced and was warmly approved. The Vegan Council was grateful to all concerned, e s p e c i a l l y to Donald and Elizabeth Scott who worked very hard not only to produce a good Journal but a l s o to do it a s economically a s p o s s i b l e . They were a l s o grateful to Linda and Barry Emptage for their efficient work in distributing the journal. It is to be hoped that the journal h a s now started on a new period of stability during which it will attract new members and readers and be generally instrumental in spreading the vegan way of l i f e .

The Membership and the Future But the Society is the membership and it depends for i t s well-being on their well-being and co-operation a t every l e v e l . On the energy and devotion, the discipline and activity of us all will depend the hoped for advances of the new y e a r .

The coming year - 1973 - has been designated by the Ministry of the Environment "The Year of the Tree". This is a most important area of concern for vegans; it seems fitting therefore to conclude this Annual Report with a quotation from "The Man of the Trees" - Richard St Barbe Baker, one of our n e w e s t and oldest members. He said the other day "Every morning when I wake up I say to myself 'This may be my last day on earth, have I got my priorities r i g h t ? ' " . Fellow members, if we have all got our priorities right, a s he certainly h a s , veganism will make great advances in the coming y e a r .

ANNUAL

REPORT

OF YOUNG VEGAN

SECTION

From the small number of people who started the YVS, our numbers have grown. We are now SO. We have had at l e a s t one event a month, sometimes more. Our first event, 22nd-23rd January, weekend at Mrs Jannaway's was a s u c c e s s and an encouragement for planning future e v e n t s . We have had s e v e r a l coffee evenings and joint meetings and socials with other organisations.

Reports of our activities have appeared in The Vegan. However* we did not spend all our time socialising or trying to educate others at meetings. We put out a leaflet "Veganism Is " which gives the three reasons for Veganism: Ethical, Ecological, and Healthful. Two hundred copies were printed. There was quite a demand for t h i s , and the committee had decided to revise the leaflet and print a larger quantity.

NATURE HAS AWAY

t o

c

o

m

b

a

t

c a t a r r h . . .

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Send for literature to; PLANTMILK ITU PLAMIL HOUSE, BOWLES WELL GARDENS. DOVER ROAD, FOLKESTONE KENT.

A WINTER TREAT!

with Puddinga Christmas Dream!

PLAMIL fare is VEGAN fare

As Veganism is appearing in n e w s p a p e r s , m a g a z i n e s , on radio and on t e l e v i s i o n , it i s not surprising that more people do hear about us and have some sort of an idea of what Veganism i s . I have had l e t t e r s from interested people who have wanted to know more about Veganism. One was a Communication s t u d e n t . She met us on a YVS a c t i v i t y and spent the afternoon with u s . As a r e s u l t of her observations she wrote a very favourable a r t i c l e about us in her Students' Journal.

Michael Mott was co-opted on to the committee in July a s Publicity Officer.

In September Rita Cooper took over from Karl Farrell a s e v e n t s o r g a n i s e r , and Marion Cooper h a s resigned from the committee. The committee t h a n k s her for her s e r v i c e s .

Although our s o c i a l gatherings were well a t t e n d e d , t h i s was not the c a s e with the educational o n e s . It i s difficult to know what people want to take part i n , and our plan of e v e n t s h a s been a matter of hit and m i s s . So the main point of t h i s report i s that the YVS will shortly have survived i t s f i r s t y e a r . We have a future before u s . If we are to expand and make any c o n tribution to Veganism we must have more i d e a s , more support, a n d , above a l l , more participation in YVS a c t i v i t i e s by Young Vegans and other s y m p a t h i s e r s .

Young Vegans Section Programme of Events 17th December

Coffee evening at Angle Wright's .

W.6.

, London Nearest underground i s Hammersmith.

20th January

Lunch at "Have More" .

280 Romford Road, London E . 7 . Meet a t Stratford Station a t 1 2 . 3 0 p . m . or a t "Have More" at 1.00 p . m . The n e a r e s t station i s Stratford. After lunch a walk in Epping Forest.

17th February - 18th February

Weekend at Leatherhead.

6th May

"Save the Countryside Walk" In Surrey.

I MO

WEEKEND

AT

WESTCLIFF

The weekend of 23rd to 24th September saw a group of Young Vegans d e s c e n d upon W e s t c l i f f - o n - S e a , E s s e x , where David Fairbanks had kindly and bravely allowed us to take over his house for the o c c a s i o n . Saturday afternoon was spent talking in the p l e a s a n t autumn sunshine , officially on the s u b j e c t of 'Vegetarianism in the World Today - W h y ' , but conversation wandered onto a variety of related t o p i c s . Whilst a l l were agreed on the b a s i c principles of Veganism there was much room for d e b a t e upon the finer points and upon how Veganism r e l a t e s to other problems of international Importance, Including the entire philosophy of n o n - v i o l e n c e ; Possibly t h i s situation i s to be preferred to one where everyone i s of like mind, in which c a s e it is e a s y for such a weekend to degenerate into an event for mutual admiration and self congratulation.

On Sunday, under a uniformly grey s k y , we gave our lungs a change from the urban atmosphere and took a walk through the Essex c o u n t r y s i d e . This rather bleak and lonely l a n d s c a p e is soon to be submerged under the construction of

Foulness Airport, and it was difficult to e n v i s a g e this refuge for birds d i s a p p e a r i n g a s another monument to the technological way of life is b u i l t .

The one untimely interruption to our walk was from a r e d - f a c e d colonel type who seemed to object to our walking over his more than s u f f i c i e n t e s t a t e .

Special thanks should go to Mr Fairbanks and a l s o to Veda Farrell for i n s t i g a t i n g the provision of fine f o o d , although our attitude towards its preparation was e s s e n t i a l l y c o - o p e r a t i v e . After eating more than amply on Saturday evening, and partaking of Muesli for Sunday b r e a k f a s t , we undertook our walk without returning for further food until late in the a f t e r noon (they s a y Vegan fare is not s a t i s f y i n g . ) .

The one complaint about the weekend was lack of n u m b e r s , e s p e c i a l l y considering the proximity of the venue toLondpn. If Veganism is to become a major forceit is e s s e n t i a l to sort out our i d e a s and i d e a l s fully and more d e f i n i t e l y : many problems and uncertainties remain, and a weekend such a s t h i s o f f e r s a unique opportunity for stimulating d i s c u s s i o n towards t h i s e n d .

We must oppose the attitude of 'never mind, the world will automatically become Vegan in the e n d ' , f o r every further day of f l e s h and milk consumption i n v o l v e s suffering for c r e a t u r e s , human or o t h e r w i s e . _ _ ,, Ian Tolley A YOUNG

OUTSIDER

LOOKS AT

VEGANISM

I t ' s e a s y for o u t s i d e r s to laugh at the Vegan movement. To them, in their ignorance, the diet seems to e n t a i l a lifetime of lettuce and attendant i l l - h e a l t h . Vegans can be their own worst e n e m i e s . I t ' s difficult to read in a Vegan handout that 'some Vegans conform to various schools of Nature Cure' without imagining rows of stout German l a d i e s r e s o l u t e l y eating r a d i s h e s for the s a k e of their h e a l t h . They talk such a lot about food, and t h i s o b s e s s i o n can seem at f i r s t to r e f l e c t a s e l f i s h concern with their own p h y s i c a l and moral h e a l t h . Vegan d e b a t e on the e t h i c s of eating honey and the importance of B12 can seem irritatingly i n s u l a r .

"Look at the starving world" you want to s a y , "they're deficient In every vitamin; they would be glad of your honey" .

Then, a s you l i s t e n , you begin to r e a l i s e that Vegan d e b a t e s can r e v e a l a far deeper concern than your own. You, the o u t s i d e r , have used the starving millions to score a point; Vegans,by choosing a diet that p l a c e s l e s s strain on the p l a n e t ' s r e s o u r c e s are doing something positive to help t h e m . Long before ecology became a f a s h i o n a b l e word Vegans cared about a natural c y c l e , a o n e n e s s of man and nature - and were prepared to do something about i t .

Vegans can a l s o be their own b e s t a d v e r t i s e m e n t . It is a delight to meet friendly people who r e f u s e to a c c e p t that human dignity can be maintained by animal suffering and to eat their t a s t y , well prepared food with a c l e a r c o n s c i e n c e . You r e a l i s e that it is p o s s i b l e to live according to your i d e a l s without being a smug s a i n t .

Veganism becomes attractive when you r e a l i s e that It is more t h a n a diet - it is a whole philosophy of l i f e .

Elen Jones

5

1

Obituaries Henry Kramer It is with sorrow that we announce the death of Henry Kramer, a valued member in the Hague, who has done valuable work for the Vegan cause for many years. He introduced Veganism to many Dutch readers by the t r a n s lation of articles from our journal.

We extend our deep sympathy to Mrs Kramer and their family. We remember how warmly they welcomed our delegates into their home during the International Vegetarian Union Congress last year. Henry Kramer will be sadly missed and long remembered by all who knew him both here and in Holland. ^ ^ Eugene Keleny

Our sympathies go out to Kathleen Keleny, one of the earliest members of the Vegan Society, on the death of her husband, Eugene. Dr Keleny, an outstanding scholar and an authority on Hungarian law, was an ardent worker for the vegetarian c a u s e . He was active right to his last day both in his own work and in encouraging his wife in her many interests of which one of the latest is the promotion of Yoga Retreats at their home, Coombe Lodge, Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire.

The Year of the Tree

b Jack

y

Sanderson.

"The love of trees is in my blood" How wonderful that Richard St Barbe Baker who said this and who founded the Society of "The Men of the Trees" fifty years ago should live to hear a Minister of this country's government name 1973 a s "The Year of the Tree" . How inspiring that Richard Baker, born in Hampshire a s long ago as 1889, should still be campaigning a s actively a s ever for the tree population of the earth - for Its preservation and multiplication. For this great s e e r , now recognised as a true citizen of the world, has long been aware that side by side with the growing problem of the world's overpopulation by man has been the parallel problem of the gradual depletion of the tree cover of the earth. Descendant of three generations of tree lovers - Baker's Seedlings and Baker's Southern Wonder are two varieties of apple in current demand which originated from pips his father planted in pots - he has travelled in most countries of the world where he has been the trees own ambassador, serving their interests as though they were his own - for in very truth he knows their interests are his own. How often has he affirmed that the land of the earth must have a tree cover of one third of its surface if the life of the earth is to be healthy and b a l a n c e d .

In the last century the whole world over, man has squandered his heritage of trees - many of them of outstanding beauty - and thus d e - a f f orestation has harmed the environment in a multitude of w a y s . Richard Baker has made it his l i f e ' s work to reverse this process and his passion and enthusiasm have infected thousands of people of all nations, colours and creeds, to enlist in spreading his message and, in many c a s e s , to actively take part in the practical application of his i d e a s . He will 6

encourage a child to plant a tree on his birthday, campaign to save a tree here or a wood there, and advise on a tree problem concerning a single tree or a single person. But he has devoted his life to the study of the world's forest resources and has been called by experts the greatest authority on trees in the English speaking world. With the exalted fervour of an apostle he has advised world leaders and influenced their p o l i c i e s . Whether he is talking to you or me at a Vegan meeting or to a President in the White House he is listened t o , for he has experience, vast knowledge, authority, a burning desire and an unwavering purpose - to plant more trees of all kinds and to prevent the wanton destruction of existing t r e e s .

Atlas was the god who was supposed to hold up the pillars of the universe: Richard St Barbe Baker is the man who accepts responsibility for the world's t r e e s - and a l s o the world's d e s e r t s , not their production but their eradication.

At the age when most men retire, he journeyed across the Sahara and helped to initiate a Sahara reclamation programme, a long term effort with application in other parts of the world where s u c c e s s in the years to come will open up vast areas of land for human habitation. His book "Sahara Conquest" was awarded, a thousand dollar Book of the Year prize by the Millenium Guild of New York, a s the book most likely to advance the cause of humariitarianism.

Although he has written nearly thirty books, many of which have been t r a n s lated into other languages, they have left the bookshops and, except for three, are now out of print - an excellent pointer to his readability and the value of his work.

"I am the gift of God and the friend of man" One of the greatest services that Richard St Barbe Baker and the Man of the Trees has rendered, is to make better known to us some of the vital functions silently performed by our friends the t r e e s . Who has not felt the healing benificence of a walk in the woods or a day at Kew or a picnic in the forest by the river? Which of us has not admired the outline of a tree with its wonderfully converging limbs viewed against the red glow of. a December setting sun? Who has not sung inwardly with joy as the trees grow their spring-time cover, each tree a different shape, a different leaf, a different shade of green and colour of bark, all interwoven into nature's t a p e s t r y ? Who has not given thanks to the Giver of the glorious procession of blossom trees which open in their appointed order and by their sheer beauty help to induce a like flow of new life within us ? Is not the passing of the summer and the approach of winter made easier for us by the mellow autumn tints of red, yellow and gold? If they had no other purpose but to satisfy our a e s t h e t i c n e e d s , refresh our drooping spirits and turn our thoughts from inward cares to outward beauty, that would be and is for many reason enough.

For some, however, trees are most valuable when they are dead - when they are wood. And we have but to think of the following - door, roof, beam, and floor board, cradle and coffin, bat and racquet, to realise how intimate is our connection and dependent our state; nor should we forget the millions of reams of paper with which our b u s i n e s s e s are run, or the books, newspapers and magazines such a s the one you are reading.

For others, trees through their chemistry play a vital part in purifying the air in and around our Industrial complexes.

Nut and fruit trees are a valuable source of food and vegans particularly eat a wide variety of nuts for the different blends of amino-acids and other nutrients that they supply; whilst the fruits give us health protection with 7

their vitamins and also supply us with valuable minerals and fruit s u g a r s .

The tree is home for many animals, most birds and much insect life, and to remove the tree is to remove the creatures a l s o , and in doing this the cycles of life may be Interrupted - often to man's disadvantage.

There are many other ways in which trees serve us that will be the subject of further a r t i c l e s . We must serve them too.

Other functions of trees which are not so well known a s they ought to be are briefly referred to below - they deserve a fuller treatment and this we hope to give them later, for the life of the earth depends on them and no properties are more important than t h e s e . Their roots carry out a constant search for minerals in the soil, and these minerals are deposited in the leaves in the soil surface. The leaves a l s o supply humus which a c t s like a sponge and holds the moisture longer near the surface and at the same time prevents the rain from washing the top soil away to slit up rivers.

Without this sponge effect heavy rains can sweep down bare slopes and cause flooding. The decaying leaves provide an ideal home for the teeming microscopic life and the worms and other tiny creatures that transform vegetable waste into plant food. Trees are long term fertility builders and mineral balancers and to this end particularly, mixed woods should be planted with hardwooded broad leaved trees preferred to softwoods and conifers.

The importance of the relationship between trees and water cannot be over-estimated. They literally lift It up out of the ground and breathe it out through their leaves maintaining humidity at a satisfactory value and raising the water table and keeping it high. They both conserve and regulate moisture and it should be remembered that all physical life needs water - it will not be long before the spotlight is turned on to water both in this country and further afield. ^ Trees control soil erosion, maintain the topsoil and prevent It from being blown away in dry windy weather. Many other crops grow better when protected by a shelter belt of t r e e s . Nor should It be forgotten that upland afforestation often brings benefits to lower fields .

In so many ways trees serve us and we must serve them. By preserving them and by planting them (or at least encouraging those who do),we shall be handing on a healthier earth to the next generation.

Books by R St Barbe Baker obtainable from Vegan Society.

Caravan Story & Country Notebook (70 pages, limp cover) 25p. + 4p. p o s t a g e .

My Life, My Trees ÂŁ2.00 + 16p. postage.

THE TREE LOVERS CALENDAR - 1973 47p. each (ÂŁ4.50 per dozen), from JARROLD & SONS LTD, Publications, Barrack Street,Norwich, Norfolk.

For the Year of the Tree give joy with Tree Studies and Poetry chosen by Richard St Barbe Baker and serve the cause of conservation.

Further information about Trees and Dr Baker's work may be obtained from The Men of the Trees, Crawley Down, Crawley, S u s s e x .

8

Cultivation of Soil versus Animal Husbandry

by Richard St. Barbe Baker It h a s been shown s t a t i s t i c a l l y that each unit of adult population in the USA requires the produce of 2/4 a c r e s of land to feed him or h e r . It h a s similarly been found that in J a v a , where the population is large and the u s a b l e a c r e a g e i s s m a l l , t h e r a t i o i s eight a d u l t s to e a c h a c r e , which i s a d i f f e r e n c e of 22 to 1 .

There are s e v e r a l contributory c a u s e s for the wide contrast in t h e s e f i g u r e s , Including the f a c t that the average American, like many other members of ' a d v a n c e d ' c i v i l i z a t i o n s , e a t s more food than he n e e d s , and w a s t e s a l o t , while the average Javanese d o u b t l e s s g e t s l e s s than his true r e q u i r e m e n t s .

The d i f f e r e n c e in the climate i s another factor of some importance, but t h e s e and other c o n s i d e r a t i o n s are together no more than incidental to the one big d i f f e r e n c e , namely t h a t the average American i s a big eater of meat and dairy p r o d u c t s , while the average Javanese seldom or never e a t s animal f o o d .

Almost a l l of m a n ' s feed comes from the s o i l , whether direct in the form of g r a i n , fruit, nuts and horticultural produce, or indirectly in the form of meat, poultry, and dairy products from pasture or grain fed a n i m a l s .

N a t u r e ' s e f f i c i e n c y i s in no way akin to that of modern machinery; man h a s been trying to s h a p e her that way, but it is high time for him to learn that in doing so he invariably l o s e s more than he gains .• Under pasture a n acre of land will produce about 185 l b s . of beef in a y e a r , while in cultivation it will yield about 1 , 7 0 0 t o 3 , 0 0 0 l b s . of c e r e a l , or in horticultural u s e more s t i l l .

In growing to adult s i z e an animal r a i s e d for meat e a t s at l e a s t ten times its own weight of v e g e t a b l e matter, apart from what it g e t s through its mother.

It i s very clear therefore that the system of providing v e g e t a b l e food for animals so that they in turn provide their f l e s h a s food for man i s highly i n e f f i c i e n t ; it is not a question of being a half or even a quarter a s e f f i c i e n t - the e f f i c i e n c y ratio is far smaller than t h a t , something under 10%.

From the point of view of e f f i c i e n c y it is thus a matter of absolute n e c e s s i t y that man should change from a meat eating to a vegetarian way of l i f e . Let it not be thought, however, t h a t apart from t h i s it would be d e s i r a b l e to continue in our present w a y s . Let us t a k e , for a s t a r t , the h i s t o r i c a l / e c o l o g i c a l a s p e c t . A study of the world's d e s e r t s shows clearly that by f a r the most s e r i o u s c a u s e of their formation h a s been the felling of t r e e s by man, t h i s being followed by overgrazing of the land by large flocks and herds of domestic a n i m a l s . The d e s t r u c t i v e work is usually started by c a t t l e and s h e e p , and finished off by goats; that at l e a s t is s u b s t a n t i a l l y the history of the Sahara which, at the beginning of the Christian era was almost wholly covered by flourishing f o r e s t s . For a s long a s p o s s e s s i o n of animal herds remains synonymous with personal w e a l t h , it will be hard indeed to r e introduce into any country that true prosperity which comes from a combination of proper land cultivation with adequate tree c o v e r .

Then there i s the question of h e a l t h . As further d i s c u s s e d below, man's body i s by no means anatomically equipped ideally to cope with animal f o o d s t u f f s . It i s not practical in a paper such a s this t o give d e t a i l s , but any c a r e f u l and impartial examination of the f a c t s will prove not only the truth of the above s t a t e m e n t , but a l s o that very many of the ills to which man i s s u b j e c t are either c a u s e d by or seriously aggravated by h i s habit of eating m e a t . For i n s t a n c e , the arterial condition which gives r i s e to angina pectoris 9

one of the Western world's big "killers" is clearly linked to the eating of animal f a t s .

Another consideration of vital importance is what may be called the moral one. Man in general is instinctively averse to hurting or killing his fellow creatures on earth. But except in a great part of Asia, he is usually taught from early childhood in accordance with the established thought of many generations, that it is normal and right for man to kill animals and eat their f l e s h , having bred them for the purpose; this wrong-thinking constantly repeated in most c a s e s proves stronger than his more humanitarian i n s t i n c t s , so that contrary to the true teachings of his nature he begins to acquire a disregard for the sanctity of l i f e . It follows logically that man's ceasing to eat meat must quickly bring about a change of attitude in this r e s p e c t , leading to a world-wide revulsion from physical violence whether in personal relationships or in war, as also other important changes of outlook.

The. immediate answer to the arguments for giving up meat-eating is usually that It Is not just a matter of quantity, but of quality; it is said that man needs the protein which only meat can adequately provide. There are many proofs that this is a fallacious suggestion, the clearest being perhaps that many of the strongest, the most intelligent, and certainly the healthiest and longest lived of men and women have been and are vegetarians. Anatomical comparisons prove conclusively that man cannot by any stretch of the imagination be classed among the naturally carnivorous creatures of the world, from whom he differs in so many important r e s p e c t s . But man does need a balanced diet if he i s to thrive; giving up meat eating requires a variation in the selection of foods to adjust the balance. Fruit, nuts, and horticultural products a l l contribute important elements to a balanced d i e t . Already methods of producing synthetic milk and meat direct from vegetable sources are nearing perfection, and there is no doubting that from several points of view these new foods are far better than the animal products.

Another attempted answer to our arguments may be that some land is far more suitable for grazing than for cultivation. A study of the other leaflets in this series will show that this statement tod i s fundamentally fallacious, for with trees and proper care good growing soil can in due course be produced practically anywhere..

The time has come when the world must choose whether it is to feed domestic animals or to feed its human population, and the decision that a l l humanity must resolve to get its food direct from the soil is i n e s c a p a b l e .

In the present state of the world, with t h e population soaring and the usable land growing ever smaller in a r e a , mankind simply cannot afford the w a s t e f u l n e s s of animal husbandry. No longer can civilized man pretend that he isconcerned only with what happens in his own home, his own village or his own country; he i s a citizen of the world and sooner or later what is happening In other parts of the world is going to affect him, whether he likes it or not. We each of us have a responsibility towards the rest of mankind, and every nation h a s a responsibility towards the other nations making up the world. When much of the population is bordering on starvation, the wildly extravagant use of our land for meat production is not consistent with t h e s e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s .

From every a s p e c t , therefore, it is not merely desirable but urgently necessary that the world should change from animal husbandry to cultivation < of the s o i l .

In

fellowship for the new earth.

St Barbe.

10

PLANT A TREE Now is the time to think about your contribution to the Year of the Tree.

Remember to consider how much room the tree will need when fully grown.

WOULD

Y O U L I K E T O L I V E IN T H E SOUTH OF F R A N C E ?

Old farmhouse in the south of France, 20 miles inland from C a n n e s , b e a u t i f u l s e t t i n g , comfortable; to be turned into a home for vegans and other like minded persons; a centre for the love and r e s p e c t of Peace and Nature.

Minimal rent for v e g a n s and e c o l o g i s t s or according to income.

Would suit s t i l l a c t i v e retired man or c o u p l e . Make offer to the Secretary, The Vegan S o c i e t y .

REMEMBRANCE FOR THE CREATURES On Saturday, the 7th October, the Vegan Society w a s a s k e d to send r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s to the Sanctuary of the Spiritualist Church at Lansdowne Road, Holland Park, W . where a s p e c i a l weekend of s e r v i c e s was being held on behalf of the c r e a t u r e s .

The Secretary and a v i c e - p r e s i d e n t attended with literature and samples of vegan food and were kept very busy from 2 . 0 0 p . m . until 9 .00 p . m .

It i s indeed wonderful to s e e how the Spiritualist movement h a s grown towards v e g e t a r i a n i s m a n d , from the e n q u i r i e s . t h a t were made, we have great h o p e s that the way of vegans will soon be followed.

We extend our thanks to the Spiritualists who gave us t h i s opportunity of spreading our way of l i f e . „ .. „ ' O • iVj aO • THE CELEBRATION O F CHRISTMAS

This i s the time of year when compassionate and aware people suffer a t the thought of the i n c r e a s e d slaughter o c c a s i o n e d by the celebration of the birth of J e s u s of N a z a r e t h . They can draw some small comfort from the thought that d e a t h brings r e l e a s e for many from the misery of e x i s t e n c e in factory farms Such means of celebration seem particularly incongruous when we remember that J e s u s taught belief In a God who w a s the loving father of His c r e a t i o n , and i s d e p i c t e d a s being born in a stable attended by t h o s e same b e a s t s that His f o l l o w e r s kill and e a t . A recent letter from a member suggested that it might be worth while for Anglicans who are concerned about t h i s matter and other • forms of animal exploitation to write to The Church of England's Social , Responsibility Council, Lambeth P a l a c e , S E 1 . Other letters in the Readers' Pages touch on t h i s t h e m e .

For new r e a d e r s our Christmas Recipe p a g e s offer s u g g e s t i o n s for f e s t i v a l fare f r e e from animal p r o d u c t s . They will be found to be e a s y to f o l l o w , p l e a s a n t to e a t and economical both of time required in preparation and of money.

CHRISTMAS DINNER Main Dish 8 4 1 1

Brazil Nut Roast : 5-6 portions

ozs Brazil nuts ozs Wholemeal breadcrumbs t b s p . Soya flour tbsp. oil (or more to taste)

1 t e a s p . Marmite or Barmene (or more to taste) | t e a s p . dried mixed herbs (or more to taste) â&#x20AC;˘j pt. water or veg. stock

Grind nuts and mix with breadcrumbs and herbs.. Mix Marmite with oil and water. Mix soya flour into a thin paste and stir into oil and wate^. Mix all Ingredients together and stir well. Bake for 30 minutes at 350 in the middle of the oven.

Onion Sauce 8 ozs onions 3 t b s p s . oil

1 dessert s p . fine oatmeal or cornflour 5 pt. water or stock

Slice onions finely. Fry lightly In oil, keeping lid on the pan. Mix thickening to a smooth p a s t e . Add boiling water - the water the sprouts have been cooked in would do well. Stir into the onions and cook over moderate heat until sauce thickens.

Roast Potatoes Clean medium sized potatoes. Boll until half cooked (10 mins). Drain.

Cut in half. Coat with oil. Spread in flat tin and cook on top shelf of oven.

Mixed Roast Vegetables Clean and d i c e . Boil up in a small amount of water. casserole and cook in middle of oven.

Transfer to a

Sprouts Prepare. Keep In airtight saucepan (no water) until rest of meal nearly ready.

Pour on boiling water and simmer for 5-8 minutes. Strain and use water for the onion s a u c e .

Christmas Pudding 5 1 5 \ { 5 2

lb currants lb sultanas lb stoned raisins lb s e e d l e s s raisins lb mixed chopped peel lb grated suenut t b s p s . black treacle

\ grated nutmeg 2 ozs chopped almonds 6 ozs fresh wholemeal breadcrumbs 2 ozs wholemeal flour 1 cup orange juice/red moselle

Wash fruit and dry. Mix all dry ingredients together with black treacle.

Grate in suenut and nutmeg. Lastly stir in orange juice or moselle. Let mixture stand overnight. Put into greased basin, cover with greaseproof 12

paper and cloth. Steam eight hours any time before Christmas.

Christmas morning steam a further 30 minutes.

On

Fruit Salad (Serve 2 or 3) 4 satsumas or small,sweet oranges 1 large or 2 small, ripe bananas 2 pears Peel and remove pith from oranges; cut up:small. Clean pears and slice not too thinly. Slice banana thinly. Prepare a s near serving time a s convenient. Serve with Delice, thick Granolac and grated nuts or Walnut halves.

Mince Pies Use any good recipe replacing suet with grated Suenut and leaving out sugar.

For pastry, use wholemeal flour and Ntitter.

Vegan Ice Cream 1 l g e . tin Plamil diluted with } p t . water ? pt maple syrup â&#x20AC;˘j pt vegetable oil 2 bananas Put milk into blender, and add oil slowly while running . Add syrup and b a n a n a s . Freeze. To prevent slivers of ice forming in the cream, remove from container when partially frozen and beat again. Return to freezer, until quite firm. Serve with fruit syrup such as blackcurrant juice, and sprinkle with chopped n u t s .

Rich Fruit Cake 12 ozs currants 8 ozs s e e d l e s s raisins 1.2 ozs sultanas 1 t b s p . dark treacle 1 t e a s p s . arrowroot (optional)

6 t b s p s . oil 14 ozs S.R. wholewheat flour 1 t e a s p . spice Lemon and orange rind grated finely 5 pt water

Wash fruit. Add water, oil, treacle, spice, lemon and orange rind, and mix well together. Make arrowroot into a thin cream with 2 tablespoonfuls of w a t e r . Stir into the mixture. Stir in the flour - lightly. Jtfix well and bake in a large tin lined with greaseproof f o r ^ . h o u r s at^OO . Cover with another piece of greaseproof paper about halfway through the baking.

AN UNFIRED CHRISTMAS DINNER Carrot and Nutmllk Soup 3 carrots } lb pinekernels

small head of celery Seasoning 5 cupful warm water

Mill pinekernels f i n e l y , having soaked overnight in warm water. Beat to . thick cream, add carrots and celery (grated finely) lastly seasoning.

13

Tomato, Walnut & Spinach Salad 5 lb spinach 2 ozs walnuts Seasoning

5 lb large tomatoes Celeriac Parsley

Cut tomatoes through centre, scoop out pulp carefully. Grate celeriac finely and add to tomato pulp. Also add walnuts (chopped), { tablespoonful parsley (chopped) and seasoning. Mix well. Fill tomatoes with mixture, garnish with parsley sprinkled over. Dish up with a border round of chopped spinach and grated c e l e r i a c .

Christmas Pudding ÂŁ y j j 1

lb currants lb sultanas lb raisins lb dates lemon

1 banana

2 ozs medium oatmeal 1 oz coconut 1 t b s p . Barbados sugar honey

Prepare fruit. Chop finely. Mix all 'dry ingredients together, except half quantity of coconut. Grate rind of lemon and add to mixture. Pour over lemon juice - also honey. Mix well with fork. Put into a greased b a s i n , press down, allow to stand several hours. Turn out and sprinkle over with coconut; decorate with cherries (glace).

BISCUITS FOR A PARTY Marzipan Shortbread Biscuits 6 ozs wholemeal self-raising flour 3 ozs nutter

3 ozs soft brown sugar 1 oz glace cherries

Cream fat and sugar and stir in flour. Make into a stiff p a s t e . Turn onto floured board, roll out thinly and cut into rounds. Place on greased baking sheet and bake in moderate oven for 20 minutes. When biscuits are cold, spread a little marzipan over and place cherry in centre. Makes about 12 biscuits.

Marzipan for b i s c u i t s , cakes and fruits 6 ozs milled almonds 2 ozs soya flour 8 ozs soft brown sugar

Essence of almond Rind and juice of lemon

Mix sugar, nuts, grated lemon rind together. Add lemon juice and almond e s s e n c e . Mix to a stiff consistency. It i s then ready for u s e .

Wholemeal Fruit Biscuits | lb wholemeal flour 5 lb nutter A ozs soft brown sugar

} lb currants Lemon and water

Rub fat into flour, add sugar and currants. .Mix into a soft dough with liquid .(about a cup of lemon and water). Roll out 7B" in t h i c k n e s s , cut into sqijares 1 4

and mark the top with a knife from corner to corner. baking tray for 20-25 minutes until golden brown.

Bake on g r e a s e d

Chocolate Biscuits 4 o z s v e g e t a b l e margerine 3 o z s s o f t brown sugar

4 o z s wholemeal flour 2 t b s p s cocoa

Beat margerine and sugar together until creamy. Add flour and cocoa gradually.

Mix well and let stand for | hour. Flour pastry board and roll mixture out t h i n l y . Cut into b i s c u i t s and bake in moderate oven for 15 m i n u t e s .

SWEETS Stuffed Dates j lb d a t e s 2 o z s almonds

2 o z s d e s s i c a t e d coconut

Stone d a t e s , place half almonds i n , roll in c o c o n u t .

Marzipan potatoes i lb s o f t brown sugar â&#x20AC;˘j lb ground almonds or c a s h e w nuts

Juice of 1 lemon Almond e s s e n c e

Mix sugar and nuts t o g e t h e r , mixing with wooden spoon. Add j u i c e of lemon s u f f i c i e n t to make mixture firm. Form in p o t a t o e s , roll in chocolate or c o c o a .

Stuffed Carlsbad Plums Stone plums, r e p l a c e with marzipan mixture, roll in ground n u t s .

by M . S i m m o n s ,

M. Cluer and others.

I

BOWLING FOR A PIG One of the first things we did when we came to the village Was to visit a Fete in the Rectory Garden, And there were some kaie-pots, with numbers and large holes Into which you threw tennis-balls; and nearby in a crate Like a shivering maiden chained to a rock (Except that she wasn't shivering, but scratching herself daintily) Was a piglet, in a long crate, strawed and bristly, Rubbing her silver-haired flank on the silver-haired wood.

I bowled for this pig, determined to show the village I was no town fool unskilled in the hand.

Two and sixpence I spent, raising my score to thirty, And the piglet was mine. We cleared out a stable Sharp irons, unstable log-piles and rusty bicycles Replaced by a golden thicket of crackling straw.

Then we heaved in the piglet, who snuffed, squealed, and buried.

And then. Just as we thought she had died from mishandling Or fright, dashed at u s , sallying and veering away.

Just like a dog, teasing its master, to express affection.

'Henrietta' we called her, after a gentleman friend.

And Henry was pleased, and the piglet was pleased to be called Something. She ate washing,the sleeves of shirts, or apronStrings that dangled. Our paddock, a mass of nettles, Mallows and kecks of all kinds, rubble, and granular Long-rotted, muck-filled earth - this she rooted.

Driving up tunnels and earthworks, wallows and simple snuffs From which with a 'hough' she emerged to scamper two circuits, Lapping the barn at a good fifteen miles an hour: then t e a s e u s , Pretending to eat a shirt, or actually eat a shirt, Or drag a petticoat like a ring-trophy through the mud.

And then - the meal she consumed. At first small packets.

But then mournful pig became hollow and wobbly-flanked, And I had to buy s a c k s , huge fat unmanageable hundredweights, Which stood bulky and gross beside a smallish gilt pig, Which later stood bulky and gross beside a smallish sad sack, And the bills mounted. But we planned to breed.

To give Henrietta the happiness other elephantine sows Screamed about in the night on the other side of our lane, As part of the landscape mounted another part.

Breeding another litter: she must have that.

And dozens of Henries and Herberts and Harries would squeal Round our snout-ridged paddock. Then we thought of the cost of the meal, Christmas came, autumn bills, the seasons of greed, and . . . hams And goodwill. Then, after one bad post, I rang The bacon works, and for a lorry. That day I left The house by a seldom-used door, not near the paddock; My wife hurried in and out, a s people do ,^

When someone who i s grievously sick or dead - not even Retrieving a couple of d i s h c l o t h e s Henrietta wound T a s t e f u l l y round her n e c k , then burled, then rooted and a t e , While we watched her with craven e y e s , too guilty to s p e a k .

Since autumn I'd thrown her h e a p s of windfalls to e a t , Red, tempting and succulent: t h e s e she'd delightedly s n i f f .

Hough, Gamble, and t o s s . She loved them, and frosty days Had been happy for both of u s , winner and munching pig Under pale blue autumn s k i e s . Those apple baits I employed to lure Henrietta up the ramp. One l a s t ear t o s s , A clatter of b o l t s , 'sign 'ere sir' and off she went, While we gloomily a t e , and h a d n ' t the heart to c o n f e s s The misery hanging over u s . What, you s a y , j u s t for a pig?

Yet I've s e e n farmers sorrowful, a t the l o s s of a horse, Or even a hondsome bullock, Sad at n e c e s s i t y .

But H e n r i e t t a . For the Christmas b i l l s .

Betraying The prize that made my shirts a r m l e s s , companion To my small s c r a t c h - b a c k g i r l s ? It c a s t a light On human w e a k n e s s . We could do t h i s . No trust Should r e s t on such a s we w e r e .

She made good: Grade A in a l l her parts - a paper Came in a day or t w o . We thought of our pig lingering In the s t e e l p e n s , no clunch to root, no w a s h i n g .

No mallow f l o w e r s , no c h a s e with angry w i f e , No s c r a t c h - b a c k children. Only the forced c a k e - w a l k , Into some cold machine. The s t u n . The hook. The k n i f e .

And then the n e e d l e - p i c k l e d bacon, clean long s i d e s and hams Divided and eaten throughout suburbia. Twenty-two pounds ten W a s a l l I h a d . It w e n t . Some of it even on b a c o n .

She would have got too big, we r a t i o n a l i s e d . The meal Would have c o s t too much for u s . Yet we felt her s a c r i f i c e d To an improvidence that wrecks s o many p l a n s , I n e f f e c t u a l and s a d . We were in that s t e e l pen With our young maiden pig.

How I'd love now to f e e l The morning winner's pleasure of hearing her lot s q u e a l , Dashing under the straw a s the half-door opens - pail Clattering (her tenth litter), slops and s w i l l s , Grateful old mother s o w .

Alas.

Even her c a r c a s e t i c k e t ' s burned now with the settled b i l l s .

From

"Old World New World"

by David Holbrook (by p e r m i s s i o n ) Choice of the Poetry Book Society Ltd. pub. Rapp and Whiting , London.

17

FRIENDS

OF

THE

EARTH

Friends of the Earth was founded in November 1970 to e s t a b l i s h a group which could take a strong but responsible action to stop environmental a b u s e . It was officially incorporated in May 1971 a s a non-charitable company so a s to retain the freedom to urge change in the law and indulge in political d e b a t e .

We are currently involved in three major campaigns - the Schweppes Campaign, f o c u s s i n g attention on "throw-away" packaging; the Snowdonla Campaign, researching the possible e f f e c t s of mining in National Parks; and the Endangered Species Campaign.

FOE Is campaigning for the introduction of an Endangered Species Act such a s that which was introduced in the United States in 1969, which would control the import of the products made from the bodies of. creatures o f f i c i a l l y listed as endangered. In March t h i s y e a r , a f t e r much pressure from-FOE members and other conservation groups, the Government banned the import of tiger, and snow and clouded leopard skins and r e s t r i c t i o n s were put on the import of other leopard and cheetah s k i n s . Coats and d r e s s e d skins made from t h e s e creatures are not covered by the b a n . The FOE i s a l s o pressing the Government to ban the import of a l l whale products, a s many s p e c i e s of whale are on the verge of extinction owing to r e l e n t l e s s o v e r - e x p l o i t a t i o n .

Whale products are not n e c e s s a r y ; there are a l t e r n a t i v e s for them a l l .

These p i e c e - m e a l g e s t u r e s , although better than nothing, are obviously not enough to safeguard the future of animals threatened, with extinction

LEOPARD SKIN COATS LOOK BETTER ON LEOPARDS You will probably be aware Of the acute c r i s i s now facing the natural environment: the word 'pollution' appears in our newspapers every d a y .

But few of us can actually do very much, in a personal and direct way, to solve t h e s e vexing problems .

There is one field of conservation, however, where we (and e x p e c i a l l y women) can e x e r c i s e some control. There are many a n i m a l s , such a s the larger c a t s (tiger, leopard, c h e e t a h , Jaguar, ocelot) whose numbers are declining due to a very large extent to e x c e s s i v e exploitation by the i n t e r national fashion trade-. The answer could be very simple: if there i s no further demand for t h e s e animals' s k i n s , then virtually overnight most of the illegal hunting pressure would be removed.

And so I invite you to sign the simple pledge b e l o w . We have extended it to include a l l wild animals (instead of just s p e c i e s currently in danger of extinction) b e c a u s e we believe that time is not omthe animals' s i d e . It would be pointless to campaign now on behalf of certain severely threatened s p e c i e s - only to have to repeat the process next year when the pressure i s transferred to other s p e c i e s (as it certainly would b e ) . And after a l l , who needs to wear the coat of an animal?

Nigel Sitwell Publisher ANIMALS (the international wildlife magazine) : 21 & 22 Great C a s t l e Street, London WIN 8LT. Telephone 0 1 . 4 9 9 . 4 3 8 3 18

PLEDGE (Please detach and return to ANIMALS Magazine at the address above) In view of the increasingly severe threat of extinction facing all kinds of wildlife; and recognising that one of the major causes is the exploitation of certain animal products by the fashion trade: I HEREBY PLEDGE that I will not buy, use or promote the use of the skin, fur, feathers, or any other part of any animal a s an item of clothing or decoration.

Signed Address

(Mr/Mrs/Miss)

Notes on a Vegan Family At the age of seventeen my father became vegetarian. He is now ninetytwo and has been Vegan for well over twenty y e a r s . I was, therefore, born vegetarian and have kept strictly to these principles all my l i f e . My husband had been vegatarlan for some years before we married.

When we gave up dairy produce it was both an adventure and, to me, a relief. Even a s a baby I had disliked cows' milk and butter.

I wish that I could claim that our children had never tasted cows' milk, but our family veganism dates from the time when our daughter was fifteen months o l d . At that age she rejected milk when It was presented in a cup.

She was partially breast-fed for about nine months and had some cow-milk mixture from the bottle for a year and three months.

Our son was born into a vegan family of two-and-a-half years standing. I had continued to be vegan throughout pregnancy. This time I produced more breast-milk and no milk supplement was required for the first few months.

Plamil and Granolac were not then on the market, so later, he had a supplement of dried cows' milk until fully weaned. Neither child has had any dairy produce since giving up the bottle.

Fruit and vegetable juices were gradually introduced at a fairly early a g e , and later, sieved fruits, vegetables and nut cream, in accordance with the instructions of the late Dr Cyril Pink. Cereals and potatoes were not advised until after six months a s a young baby cannot digest starch.

We also followed Dr Pink's advice with regard to a Vitamin D supplement which I took during both pregnancies and gave to the children during their early y e a r s . This was not on account of our special diet but to make up for deficiencies in the British climate. Such things must always be on medical advice.

Honey was used regularly for the children. I thought then, and still think, that in any c a s e , sucrose in the form of white or brown sugar should be used only sparingly.

We used throughout their childhood f r e s h , whole foods, with emphasis on salads and home-made wholemeal bread. Usually there was a cooked meal in the evening, but often something raw was served at that meal a s well. Soya flour was used in bread and in various other ways; nuts also were used in some form d a l l y . Peas, beans or lentils we used l e s s often; maybe once a fortnight.

19

The children a t e a s much a s they liked (often quite small amounts).

Meals were eaten with joy and relish:. Much was grown in the garden and we a-11 delighted in watching progress from s e e d - b e d to t a b l e . There were no f a d s , no f u s s , no f r i l l s . Nor were there any t a b o o s , for luckily no disapproving carnivorous r e l a t i v e s were around.

Plain chocolate we bought for Christmas or Easter; s w e e t s , never.

They were neither forbidden nor d e s i r e d . My son spent his pocket money on " p i n k y " t o y s . Thus a sweet tooth was avoided and decayed ones prevented.

Friends o c c a s i o n a l l y donated a sweet which was sometimes e a t e n , sometimes put in a pocket and forgotten. My daughter's reward and penalty for good marks at primary school were a weekly sweet and an e n d - o f - t e r m tooth f i l l i n g .

Neverthel e s s our d e n t i s t is now delighted with the condition of the c h i l d r e n ' s teeth and . attributes it largely to the d i e t .

Head t e a c h e r s noticed the good school attendance records of both children.

Regarding school l u n c h e s , we were lucky a s my son came home at mid-day d a i l y , running the mile between school and home. Our daughter was able to lunch with her father at our shop or in the c a r . In no circumstances would we have a c c e p t e d the ordinary school meal for our children.

Now we have two active and intelligent vegan a d u l t s . Our son is musical and a r t i s t i c and p r a c t i s e s horticulture and arboriculture. This often involves dealing with heavy tree-trunks and l o g s . Our daughter, after a distinguished school career was offered p l a c e s both by Oxford and Cambridge u n i v e r s i t i e s .

At the latter she won several awards arid i s now a C l a s s i c s teacher at a w e l l known girls' public s c h o o l . Her spare time is devoted largely to work for vegetarianism and veganism and she was amongst t h o s e who finished the 30mile sponsored walk for Vegfam.

Both our son and daughter catered for themselves whilst at college . I would conclude by saying that vegans can keep to their principles and s t i l l be "good m i x e r s " . Far from being retiring, our son h a s r.ecently interviewed over two thousand strangers in a street survey on v e g e t a r i a n i s m .

Mabel Cluer

We have had many letters from readers expressing their views about the u s e of honey by v e g a n s . They will be summarised for the spring edition of the Journal so there is s t i l l time for you to make your opinion known. Have you really read the article at the end of the Autumn Journal and the relevant section of "Crimes Against Creation" by Marie Dreyfus (see 'Book Reviews').

letters I was so glad that one Of our members was able to attend the 5 - d a y course on the Soil at Ewell Technical College in July arid thank Robert Colby for his interesting report. He referred to the problem "Should a vegan support a society or a s s o c i a t i o n which s t a n d s somewhere between orthodoxy and veganism such a s the Soil Association or the Vegetarian S o c i e t y " . Each of us can deal with this problem in our own way, for it will surely f a c e us sooner or l a t e r . Another problem referred to was the d i s p o s a l of human w a s t e .

Although Robert did not s a y so s p e c i f i c a l l y , I am sure he did not advocate 20

t h a t it should be returned to soil where food i s to be grown for human b e i n g s .

What do other r e a d e r s think about t h e s e two problems?

D EvansPICK OF THE BUNCH Mrs M J H a r r i e s , , Devon EX9 6HH. 'Acting on the old a d a g e that "prevention i s better than c u r e " , I have built up over the years a very high l e v e l of h e a l t h . I have not needed the s e r v i c e s of a doctor for i l l n e s s for 35 y e a r s . I have been a vegan for 25 years and for f i v e y e a r s previously was a l a c t o - v e g e t a r i a n . No butcher, milkman or baker c a l l s h e r e . I make my own 100% wholemeal b r e a d . My milk is Granogen with a little Cashew Nut Cream a d d e d . For the r e s t , I take organically-grown c e r e a l s for muesli in summer and porridge.in winter. I have a mixed f r u i t s a l a d and a green salad every d a y . I drink dandelion c o f f e e and make my own herb t e a . I a l s o drink pure fruit j u i c e s . Supplements to my diet are crude black m o l a s s e s , kelp powder and dried brewers' y e a s t . I never u s e white s u g a r .

Savouries are made from p u l s e s , Savormix a n d / o r the new Vitpro.

Occasionally, for a c h a n g e , I open a tin of n u t m e a t . I cannot remember when I last had a cold or the ' f l u . I do not know the meaning of indigestion or rheumatism in any s h a p e or form. I have abundant energy although I am well p a s t the allotted s p a n .

1 may add that t h i s diet was not undertaken for health r e a s o n s , but solely for humanitarian o n e s . " Winning letter from a competition organised by " G r a c e " , a quarterly magazine devoted to " N a t u r e ' s W a y " . Obtainable from Gerard H o u s e , Boscombe, Bournemouth, H a n t s .

AND from an even older member: "I have been a vegan almost s i n c e the inception of the Society and am deeply Interested in i t s a c t i v i t i e s and idealism which - a s with a l l true Ideals - t a k e s such practical f o r m s . I am often questioned about my food and gardening. I grow a l m o s t a l l my own fruit and v e g e t a b l e s and am very a c t i v e and healthy a t 82 y e a r s of age; so I f e e l I do my small share towards the spread of the work."

AND from a new younger member: " . . . . my health deteriorated at f i r s t and I thought I would have to return to a v e g e t a r i a n diet but 1 hung on and now, a f t e r nine months, I am in good h e a l t h , my head i s clearer and my sight h a s improved."

E X P E R I E N C E in L O C A L A U T H O R I T Y HOME for the E L D E R L Y It may i n t e r e s t readers to know of my recent experience with a n elderly vegetarian who entered a home for the elderly organised by a London Borough.

She w a s supplied with chunks of c h e e s e , baked b e a n s and eggs in plenty, but s a l a d s c o n s i s t e d of a f e w small lettuce l e a v e s and cucumber or tomato. She had to t a k e in her own fruit and s p e c i a l foods which was difficult b e c a u s e she had arthritic hands and a walking f r a m e . She had no proper place to keep t h e m .

After a few weeks of feeling our way, we arranged for v i s i t o r s to take her various vegetarian foods and for them to be kept in the kitchen and for the money spent on them to be r e f u n d e d . The catering officer admitted that it was c h e a p e r to e a t her w a y .

Some h o s p i t a l s are now including the protoveg foods in with the meat to make b u l k . We hope that they will one day do t h i s for the s a k e of the c r e a t u r e s , and the health of the p a t i e n t .

Serena Coles.

21

wk "THE DESCENT OF WOMAN" - By Elaine Morgan.

Souvenir' Press £2.50

Elaine Morgan's theme is the biological emancipation of woman by return to aquatic life when the Pliocene drought shrivelled the African forests in which she and her male and female mates had been living on a mainly fruitarian diet .

Present evolutionary theories suggest that man's ancestors then became carnivorous hunters. Elaine Morgan puts forward strong arguments for an alternative theory that pre-women, followed by pre-men took refuge from carnivorous predators ot the land by going into the shallow s e a s , and living mainly on marine l i f e . This aquatic existence led very gradually to various a n a t o m i c a l c h a n g e s , e s p e c i a l l y in t h e f e m a l e s .

"When the P l e i s t o c e n e rains

came we went trooping back to the land carrying an assorted package of marine adaptations along with u s " . These adaptations led to a mixed diet in which the males were mainly hunters and the females mainly gatherers of food plants, gradually developing agriculture and the beginning of civilisation.

This new picture of the changes in pre-human and human diets throughout the ages attaches much more Importance to plant foods. It would be of great Interest to follow the development of Elaine Morgan.'s theme up to the present day, when ecological and economic pressures are pointing the way to the consumption of more and more plant foods a s the solution to the world food problem. However, In her present book she concentrates on establishing her main theory about the importance of woman in the role of human development and presents a convincing case which gives us much to think about. When she turns to consider seriously the significance of plant foods in human diets she may well produce another work of genius which will be still more important.

Not obtainable from us .

Frank Wokes.

CRIMES AGAINST CREATION - By Marie Dreyfus Have you got your copy of this book yet? • It is a compilation not only of accounts of man's ill treatment of animals but also of arguments for veganism, religious and ethical teachings about man's relationship with animals, a thoughtful consideration of the use of honey, and some very moving poems.

In those Who read it, it must arouse a new determination to work for those who are powerles.s to help themselves. Marie Dreyfus has donated fifty copies to the Vegan Society, so help our funds by buying from u s . £1.34 - post free; over 300 pages in good hard binding; obtainable from the Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

"FOOD FOR FREE" - By Richard Mabey.

Collins £2 .50

(A Guide to the Edible Wild Plants of Britain) This Is a beautifully produced and Interestingly written book with eight coloured plates and numerous drawings which would be much appreciated as a Christmas gift by anyone interested not only in wild flowers for their beauty but in the possibility of adding value and interest to their diet by enjoyable foraging in the hedges, woods and f i e l d s . Besides u s e f u l chapters on fungi, fruits and nuts, there is much hovel - (or newly r e discovered) information about edible roots, s a l a d s , "greens", herbs, 22

flowers and s p i c e s . The author i s convinced that the new i n t e r e s t his book will a r o u s e in the wild plants of our countryside will encourage not "rural vandalism" but a determination to preserve our wild heritage from the encroachment of the ' d e v e l o p e r s ' . I hope he i s r i g h t . Not obtainable from u s .

"THE HEALTH FOOD GUIDE" - Garnston P r e s s . 95p. + lOp. . postage C o p i e s of the new edition of t h i s u s e f u l Guide can be had from Veda Farrell, 8 Basterfield H o u s e , Golden Lane-, London E C I . , who h a s a l s o some c o p i e s left of the "VEGAN & VEGETARIAN SHOPPERS GUIDE" - 23p. post free Make sure of your copy of t h i s invaluable aid to c o n s i s t e n t v e g a n i s m .

Gardening I was a l w a y s taught that weeds were "plants in the wrong p l a c e " and that they had to be removed a s soon a s p o s s i b l e from my g a r d e n . I am having to r e v i s e my i d e a s . Apart from the s p e c i a l s e r v i c e s that some weeds perform, a l l weeds b e c a u s e they are green p l a n t s , are busy f a c t o r i e s fixing the life promoting e n e r g i e s of the sun . So if they are not actually competing with the plants you want to grow, encourage them. Bare earth is wasted e a r t h . Weeds should be allowed to grow to Just before flowering time and then hoed in a s green manure or pulled for the compost h e a p . The deeper rooted they are the b e t t e r , for they bring up valuable minerals from lower down in the earth to enrich your compost.

What a pity that s o many of t h e s e minerals end up in the sewers and thence in the s e a s . Some w e e d s , like Winter Tares are so valuable for compost that it i s worth sowing them at t h i s time of year on any piece of ground clear of crops; being of the pea family their roots are an excellent source of nitrogen. Buy the seed from the Henry Doubleday Research A s s o c i a t i o n , Booking, Braintree, E s s e x . (Mention the "Vegan" journal).

PLANTMILK QUESTIONNAIRE Some months ago Plantmilk Ltd sent out a questionnaire to vegan parents in r e s p e c t of bringing up their children on plantmilk and a s v e g a n s .

Eighteen returns have been received to date a l l expressing great s a t i s f a c t i o n with the c h i l d r e n s ' development. We await the return of o t h e r s . More forms are â&#x20AC;˘ a v a i l a b l e from us a t 4 Dowles W e l l G a r d e n s , Dover Road, F o l k e s t o n e , Kent.

We hope to publish the findings before long.

TESTIMONY " J e s u s believed God to be the ever-living universal creative and s u s t a ining spirit of fatherly l o v e . In the strength of that faith he l i v e s his life and died h i s d e a t h . At the core of his teaching and of his example is e m p h a s i s on G o d ' s supreme and unlimited r i g h t e o u s n e s s , mercy and l o v e .

There c a n be no doubt that such t e a c h i n g , if carried out with thorough loyalty and c o n s i s t e n c e , involves compassionate behaviour towards our c o n s c i o u s and s e n s i t i v e fellow c r e a t u r e s , whether animal or h u m a n . " From a former Christian minister, now 94 years old and a r e c e n t l y joined member of our Society.

GARDENERS! Since its introduction three years ago our V. G. (Veganic) compost fertilizer has become widely established amongst animal lovers and vegetarians It is a 100% organic compost and is guaranteed to contain no animal ingredient whatever. It is of the same high quality as our other products and is backed by our 45 years' experience of manufacturing and supplying organic - composts to commercial growers, nurserymen and gardeners.

It can be delivered to your door for £2-25 per cwt., but costs less for larger quantities and much less for much larger.

For full details and sample write to

POWLINGS, IPPLEPEN, NEWTON ABBOT, DEVON

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To the b e s t of our k n o w l e d g e we a r e the o n l y | p r o d u c e r s of P U R E A P P L E J U I C E in the C o u n t r y m a d e f r o m O R G A N I C A L L Y GROWN U N S P R A Y E D A P P L E S with N O A D D E D C H E M I C A L S or P R E S E R V A T I V E S . We c r u s h a s w e p i c k - n o c o l d s t o r a g e - n o l o s s of f l a v o u r . And w e s u p p l y n e a r l y 300 s h o p s a l l o v e r the UK (35 in London alone).

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Eva

A Reminder About Winter Warmth. The perfect alternative to wool for winter warm underwear is Thermolactyl. No need to remember the name, but this is the entirely non-animal product from which Damart underwear and slippers are made.

A variety of garments are available, in several weights. Can be seen and purchased in the Damart showroom at Oxford Circus, London or write to Damart Thermaware (Bradford) Ltd., Bowling Green Mills, P O Box 23, Bingley, Yorks BD16 4EH, for illustrated list of their products which can be supplied by mail order.

COMMODITIES - Answers to enquiries: Messrs Reckett & Colman confirm that none of their products listed in The Vegan and Vegetarian Shoppers Guide are tested on animals.

Tohnsons Babv Lotion. Baby Oil and Baby Creams a l l contain some lanolin.

Johnsons Baby Powder is Vegan.

Procter & Gamble Ltd tell us that their household products - Tide, Dreft, Fairy Liquid and Flash were all tested prior to their introduction and that such t e s t s involve animals and human beings.

They add "We believe you will find a similar situation applies to washing products made by other responsible manufacturers and that some companies which do not themselves carry out t e s t s with animals may well be relying on test work carried out by people such a s ourselves or by the suppliers of the ingredients used".

Nelsons Calendula Cream is vegan say the manufacturers but with regard to their Calendula and HAMAMELIS Lotion they are unable to give us this a s s u r a n c e , a s the origin of the glycerine content is not known. We regret therefore that for the time being, the latter cannot be looked upon as a vegetarian product.

Thompsons Slippery Elm Food Is vegan. The reason it was not included in the Guide was that the makers themselves listed it a s Lacto-Vegetarian because they suggest it is made up with (animal) milk. It need not be, of course, and it is equally beneficial if a vegetable milk is u s e d .

Slumberdown Duvets. This company are now making these quilts filled with terylene P.3 (as an alternative to their usual feather and down ones). The new non-animal duvets are sold under the brand name of Slumberdown Cloudspun.

Footwear. Finn Shoes make a wide range of non-leather shoes for all the family. Many have uppers of Porvair or Clarino and are so marked for e a s y identification. N.B. The ones marked 'Super Finn' on the Insole may have

uppers of leather or leather-lined Porvair.

Dunlop 'Lovers'. The new range of these super-comfort c a s u a l shoes, available in January, are with one exception vegan. "Lakewood" has a suede apron. Members have sometimes had difficulty in locating stockists but Messrs Dunlop tell us they are expecting a 'better retail coverage' in 1973. So continue to watch for them. Dunlop ask us to remind readers that similar shoes can often be found in Littlewoods, Manfields, Dolcis, Lennards and Timpsons Stores as well as Mail Order h o u s e s , Kay and Company, Empire Stores and John Moores. However, t h e s e may not be marked 'Dunlop'.

Mens Shoes True Form shops and some others are currently offering 'Super Vanguard' economically priced shoes for men which are marked 'pooromenic' and are usually clearly displayed with this sign. These are all vegan.

'TUF' Shoes for Men â&#x20AC;˘ There are two styles in the 'TUF' TOWN SHOES range which have Corfam uppers. These are BRI-MAR V73 and V74. They too are entirely leather free and are available in s i z e s and \ s i z e s 6 - 1 1 .

The 'TUF' WEATHERMAN range for men and boys have uppers of PVC but, a l a s , have a full leather lining.

Boots. Portland Shoes offer a Maxitop Boot with a White Clarlno (poromeric) upper this s e a s o n . (Other colours are made of leather). This boot is specially made for the extra wide leg, has foam lining, a full length zip and elasticated gusset for comfort and fit for the larger person.

Sizes 3-9 No. 8179.

Marks & Spencer have several boots in Vinyl for winter wear, with long zips and at very competitive prices.

Marbot Boots We can now assure our readers that the Derriboots, mentioned in our last i s s u e , are entirely Vegan. The sheepskln-type lining is made by Courtaulds. The makers are introducing this month Derriboots in various leg lengths and different styles for all the f a m i l y .

Completely waterproof.

Upper Materials Of the Future. A new name in shoe upper materials in this country Is Grabona. This Is made in Hungary in a variety of weights for various u s e s in the shoe industry. Some of the many new brand-named materials we have reported over the last few years have not been recognisable in the s h o p s . The materials are there, in the s h o e s , but the trade thinks the public are not interested in knowing what goes into their s h o e s .

This is probably true of the majority, which is why we have been u n s u c c e s sful s o far in our attempts to have footwear marked a t all in this country.

Except for a very few examples In Porvair e t c . the public are left to guess whether their footwear has been made from the skin of a slaughtered animal (calf, sheep, lamb,goat, kid being probably the most likely to have suffered in this way) or manufactured by man, and those which are, voluntarily, marked make no mention of the linings which are often of leather.

Why not write to your M . P . , one of you may be represented by someone who shares our opinion that we have a right to know. Once full marking is compulsory there will be one l e s s task for your Society and more time to spend on other things.

25

LOCAL

GROUPS

AND

CONTACTS

If you would like to help with or just be kept informed about activities of interest to vegans in your district or If you would like to correspond with fellow vegans, please write to any of the following members. It is hoped to publish a further list next quarter. If you would like your name included please write to the Secretary, 4? Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

FOR VITA

SALE. MINE

CONTINUOUS

BRAND MEW . UNUSED

JUICER

COST £22.00

THE P R I C E ASKED IS £ 1 7 . 2 5 (INCLUDES D E L I V E R Y A N Y W H E R E IN LONDON).

WRITE: 45, CORNWALLIS GROVE, LONDON, N. 9

Hotels and Guest

Houses

SUSSEX - E A S T B O U R N E . V e g e t a r i a n s e l f - c a t e r i n g G u e s t H o u s e . Well equipped and a p p o i n t e d . E v e r y c o m f o r t and c o n v e n i e n c e . P l e a s a n t l y situated o u t s k i r t s of t o w n . E a s y a c c e s s s h o p s and s e a f r o n t . P a r k i n g s p a c e . M a r g a r e t F i s h e r , , M i l l Road. T e l e p h o n e : 30627 YORKSHIRE - CRAIG END LODGE. C o w p a s t u r e Road, Ilkley, f o r e x c e l l e n t c a t e r i n g , c o m f o r t , r e l a x a t i o n , and e n e r g e t i c h o l i d a y s . M r s . Enid H u n t e r . T e l e p h o n e : 4 8 7 6 P E R T H S H I R E - BROOK LINN, C a l l a n d e r . V e g e t a r i a n and V e g a n m e a l s c a r e f u l l y p r e p a r ed and a t t r a c t i v e l y s e r v e d . C o m f o r t a b l e Guest H o u s e . N e a r T r o s s a c h s and W e s t e r n Highlands.

M r s . M u r i e l Choffin. T e l e p h o n e : C a l l a n d e r 30103 (STD 0877).

FOR U P - T O - D A T E LIST of V e g e t a r i a n Guest H o u s e s and R e s t a u r a n t s p l e a s e s e n d s t a m p to S e c r e t a r y of V e g e t a r i a n C a t e r i n g A s s o c i a t i o n - Kathleen K e l e n y , C o o m b e L o d g e , Wooton-under-Edge, Glos.

ACCOMMODATION

DUBROVNIK - YUGOSLAVIA. N e w V e g a n o f f e r s a c c o m m o d a t i o in o l d c o t t a g e . Self contained p a v i l i o n (furnished) a l s o available.

100 - 200 D i n a r s daily. Guest w i l l i n g *to h e l p with c h o r e s r e duced r a t e s . B o x 101 Vegan O f f i c e , B e l c h a l w e l l , B l a n d f o r d , D o r s YOUTH SECTION - VEGETARIAN SOCIETY. An o r g a n i s a t i o n

f o r p e o p l e 1 2 - 2 9 . S o c i a l g a t h e r i n g s , h o l i d a y s , a c t i v i t i e s promol

ing the v e g e t a r i a n c a u s e , F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m Youth S e c t ion S e c r e t a r y , c / o The V e g e t a r i a n S o c i e t y (UK) Ltd. , 53, M a r l o e s Road, London, W. 8.

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISEMENTS

R A T E l p p e r word - m i n . 25p P l e a s e send c a s h with o r d e r to The V e g a n A d v e r t i s e m e n t Office, Shoarn's, Belchalwell, Blandford, D o r s e t .

When r e p l y i n g to A d v e r t i s e r s p l e a s e a l w a y s m e n t i o n T h e Vega

Hotels and Guest

Houses

CORNWALL - "WOODCOTE". The S a l t i n g s , L e l a n t , St. I v e s , o v e r l o o k i n g H a y l e E s t u a r y . C. H. & H&C in all r o o m s . We take p l e a s u r e in c a t e r i n g f o r V e g a n s . Mr. John & M i s s H a z e l B l a c k a l l e r . T e l . H a y l e 3147.

CAERNARVONSHIRE - LLANDUDNO. K i l d a r e Guest H o u s e , Conway Road. Enjoy a tonic h o l i d a y with w e l l b a l a n c e d V e g e t a r i a n and Vegan C a t e r i n g , and bright and c o m f o r t a b l e A c c o m o d a t i o n - Colour T. V. Lounge, H&C and E l e c t r i c F i r e s a l l b e d r o o m s . Car S p a c e . B r o c h u r e f r o m Mr.& M r s . W . H .

U s h e r ( w h o a r e k e e n F o o d R e f o r m V e g e t a r i a n s ) T e l . 04927793&DEVON - I L F R A C O M B E . F a i r w y n d s V e g e t a r i a n Guest H o u s e o f f e r s Healthful h o l i d a y s with natural w h o l e f o o d s , C o m p o s t g r o w n p r o d u c e , h o m e baking. V e g a n s w e l c o m e . E l i z a b e t h Burton. V. C. A. Member.

T e l . 2085.

DORSET - WEYMOUTH. V e g e t a r i a n and Vegan f a m i l i e s w e l c o m e d . S . A . E . p l e a s e to: M r s . Cox, , Weymouth. T e l . P r e s t o n 2402 ESSEX - F R I N T O N - O N - S E A . Sandy Point V e g e t a r i a n Guest H o u s e . V e g a n s c a t e r e d f o r . F a c i n g south and s e a . E a s t e r O c t o b e r . P e r s o n a l l y s u p e r v i s e d by L i l l i a n & A l d o V e z z a and t h e i r daughter V e r o n i c a . . Tel. 4691. V . C . A .

GLOUCESTER - COOMBE LODGE V e g e t a r i a n Guest H o u s e that c a t e r s for V e g a n s . W o o t o n - u n d e r - E d g e , on Southern s l o p e s of the c o t s w o l d H i l l s w h e r e a l l fruit and v e g e t a b l e s and s a l a d s a r e H o m e Grown.

H E R E F O R D S H I R E - R O S S - O N - W Y E , B e e c h w o o d , R y e f i e l d Rd. , V e g e t a r i a n Guest H o u s e and F o o d R e f o r m C e n t r e . Open all y e a r . M u e s l i and r a w s a l a d s . H o m e - m a d e b r e a d and c a k e s .

S p e c i a l attention to V e g a n s . - L i l l i a n Young. T e l . R o s s 2504 LAKE DISTRICT - ORCHARD HOUSE, B o r r o w d a l e R o a d , K e s w i c k . S m a l l V e g e t a r i a n Guest H o u s e in good c e n t r e for w a l k i n g , e t c . , l o v e l y v i e w s f r o m the b a c k . H o m e Baking and s o m e H o m e Grown P r o d u c e . M i s s D e l i a R y a l l . T e l . K e s w i c k 7 2 8 3 ( MONMOUTHSHIRE - M E D H O P E . i n the beautiful L o w e r Wye V a l l e y . Own m a r k e t g a r d e n and fruit f a r m p r o v i d e L i v i n g F o o d .

- a b u n d a n t , v a r i e d , d e l i c i o u s s a l a d s & f r u i t , nuts e t c . N o c h e m i c a l s - no cooking e i t h e r , and no t r a f f i c s o u n d s . N e w A g e Centri f o r v i t a l l i v i n g . D i r e c t o r : - H a r o l d Wood (F. C. A. ), "Medhope", T i n t e r n , Mon. N P 6 7NX. T e l . 0 2 9 - 1 8 - 2 5 3 .

(V.C.Mem.) S U R R E Y - C H E R T S E Y . T h a m e s V a l l e y , b e t w e e n Hampton Court and W i n d s o r . Bed, B r e a k f a s t or B. B. and E v e n i n g Meal for V e g e t a r i a n s and V e g a n s . C o m p o s t Grown P r o d u c e . H o m e B a k ing. H&C. M r s . Young, . Tel. 64425.

I

WHOLE SWEET WILD APRICOTS WILD

H I I M M F I H I

APRICOT KERNELS FOOD OF THE FAMOUS noraMi m

HUNZAS OF KASHMIR

Our shop offers you the bsot selection of unadulterated and unrefined vegetarian foods.

CHEMICAL FREE RAISINS

open Monday'to Friday 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Saturday 9 a.m. to I p.m.

FROM UNSOPHISTICATED AFGHANISTAN DULSE FROM THE •IRISH S E A AN AMAZING SEA PLANT

Our restaurant offers you a continuous buffet service of fresh •salads, friiit and vegetable Juices and vegetarian savouries.

THAT IS ALSO PALATABLE

open Monday to Friday 10 a.m. to 8.30 p.m.

K^J

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35, GREAT RUSSELL ST. LONDON, W.C.1.

ASK FOR MATERIAL FROM A VEGAN SLANTED T

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WHOLEFOOD COMPANY"