The Vegan Winter 1982

VEGAN SOCIETY LIMITED

President: Jack Sanderson: Deputy President: Serena Coles Vice-Presidents: Eva Batt, Jay Dinshah, Catherine Nimmo Winifred Simmons, Mabel Simmons Council: Serena Coles, Christopher Hall, Colin Howlett, Kathleen Jannaway, Kath Manners, Jack Sanderson, Grace Smith, Alpay Torgut Hon. Treasurer: Grace Smith Hon. Secretary: Kathleen Jannaway, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey Asst. Secretary: Laurence Main, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, nr. Machynlleth, Gwynedd, SY20 9LW, Wales SUBSCRIPTIONS: £2. 00 yearly. Additional members at same address, and not requiring extra journal, and unwaged: £1.00. Journal subscriptions only: £1.60 yearly: to Membership Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, KT22 8NQ. EDITORS of "THE VEGAN" quarterly journal: Jack Sanderson and Kathleen Jannaway (who do not necessarily agree with all opinions expressed in it or endorse advertisements.)

PUBLISHED: 21st March, June, September, December COPY REQUIRED: 1st of preceding month The Vegan Society was formed in 1944 by a group of vegetarians who had

become aware of the suffering inseparable from the dairy industry and decided to omit all animal products from their diet. Its advantages as regards human health and the wise use of the world's resources became apparent and, in 1964, it was granted Charity status. In 1979 it became a Limited Company, and its Charity status was confirmed. Its declared object is 'to further knowledge of, and interest in, sound nutrition and in veganism, and the vegan method of agriculture as a means of increasing the potential of the earth to the physical, moral and economic advantage of mankind.'

Veganism is defined as a way of living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, animal milk and its derivatives, (the taking of honey being left to individual conscience.) It encourages the study and use of alternatives for all commodities normally derived wholly or partly from animals. Free from commitment to any religious, political, philosophical, social, dietary or medical group, members of the Vegan Society endeavour to co-operate with all who are seeking a positive way forward for mankind.

Full information in return for s.a.e. to Hon. Secretary, at the above address.

Dreams and Visions "I picture village communities of the future living in valleys protected by sheltering trees on the high ground. They will have fruit and nut orchards and live free from disease and enjoy leisure, liberty and justice for all, living with a sense of their oneness with the earth and with all living things."

Richard St. Barbe Baker As Edward Goldsmith said recently, on the occasion of a Celebration of Richard's Life and Work, this is a beautiful vision - far more realistic than the ends towards which present policies are leading us. Many will remember the remarkable address given by Martin Luther King just before he was assassinated - "I have a dream -". This was a plea from the heart for all men of all colours and creeds to live together in peace. I recently listened to Paul Solomon at a gathering in Holland make a similar impassioned speech beginning with the words: "I have a dream . . " This speech also referred to the brotherhood of man - a much more enlightened man, man living much nearer to his full potential and, further, it referred to man's relationship with the other kingdoms - all, directly or indirectly, are maltreated by the majority of mankind. All of Richard Baker's and most of Paul Solomon's dream point to a vegan community. Only in a vegan context can these dreams be fulfilled.

About 2,700 years ago, another prophet had a vision, which is referred to by Laurence Main in his article entitled 'Peace and Goodwill'. For hundreds of millions of people the first part of this prophecy in Isaiah Chapter 11 was fulfilled in the life of Jesus Christ, but the second part is ignored or uncomfortably swept under the carpet by most readers, including the above millions.

'They shall not hurt nor destroy . . . for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord . . ' Such an idea can produce shame-faced, guilty and uncomfortable feelings in the context of vivisection, commercial testing on animals, and slaughter-houses (cruelty and killing behind closed walls for normal John Citizen), and hunting, trapping, fishing and other forms of animal exploitation such as seal and turtle killing, performed openly.

We, in the Vegan Society, applaud the new Channel 4 for showing on 4 Nov. '82 the full 2 hour approved version of "The Animals Film", a severe indictment of man's ill-treatment of the animal kingdom. I know from many conversations how deeply it sank into the hearts and consciousness of those who saw it.

Quite a number said "I couldn't eat meat again", and many others are seriously considering a change in their eating habits. Many people did not see it, and I hope it will be shown again on national T. V. and also regionally and locally. We are pleased that other shorter films on this theme are being shown from time to time on the main channels.

'And the lion shall eat straw like the ox'. This is part of the prophecy that refers to the animal creation and most read it with unbelief and regard it as 1

sheer fantasy. Yet it is not too long ago that it would have seemed impossible for one Scottish clan to live at peace with its neighbour, for the English and Scots to become one nation, for the warring nations of Europe to become an Economic Community. It used to be thought wrong and unwise to try and bring up dogs on a flesh-free diet, but many of the prize-winners at Cruft's Show in recent years are healthy and thriving on a vegetarian diet. As humans can and have adapted from cannibalism, through being omnivores, to becoming vegetarians and vegans so, at various speeds through many generations, may animals adapt also. Undoubtedly, through coming into contact from birth with loving human beings who have no wish to exploit them, and often when young playing with the young of others, the process can be hastened. In a vegan culture there would be more land available for animals and for freedom in safari parks, and the need for predators could be gradually reduced. Many great seers such as Rudolf Steiner believe that there is a great and close relationship between Man and the creatures, particularly between man's emotions and those of the animals, the latter in some intimate way relating to the formen The idea of the young lion and the calf lying down t ogether may relate to you and me in many unexpected ways. Within each of us is the lion and the calf as principles and emotions. When the predatorial, acquisitive and aggressive instinct within us has been controlled and turned to good ends, when the lion within us has learned to lie down with and harmonise with the calf within us (and within others, human and animal), then perhaps it will be natural and easier for the lion to lie down with the calf. This will happen when we cease to selfishly exploit and predate the life around us,but instead consciously seek to serve the whole of life on all planes, in all kingdoms on the Earth, our living mother.

The Vegan Society is a voluntary union of people who have decided to do just this - to cease to be predators and consciously become servers, aware that they have the creative forces of the Universe behind them. This service, however large or small, is a valuable and necessary part of the evolution of the earth, which is a necessary part of the evolution of the Solar system and, in turn, of systems beyond.

The function of the Vegan Society is stated briefly on page 2 of the cover. It has a unique function and does not seek to duplicate the work of other societies in the animal, anti-vivisection, nutritional and similar fields. Yet there are very few members of the Vegan Society who are not also members of one or more of these sister societies - in fact much of the leadership and inspiration of these other groups is composed of vegans and vegetarians. It is the longer term societies who have, discovered many of the facts, prepared the environment and provided many of the personnel for the newer, more specialised groups who save the seals and the whales, etc. We applaud and support them in their non-violent efforts, and welcome them as part of the great creative process that is beginning to transform the earth and all its life.

Jack Sanderson 2

What Happens to the Kid?

by Laurence Main Many people trying to live 'closer to nature' are under the impression that drinking goat's milk, or even keeping a goat, is somehow a form of animal exploitation that is 'alright' or 'better' than the other forms. An enquiry into the facts soon reveals that goats are not exempt from the cruelty and slaughter which is the hallmark of predatory man, and which can have no place in a true New Age based on wisdom and understanding. There is something holy about a mother and a baby. The strength of this bond is now being recognised once more by many within human society - yet some of those most active for the rights of human mothers and children a r e those who delude themselves into buying 'compassionate, natural' goat's milk, or even invest in a back-yard goat. Consider, then, the ugly facts about goat-keeping: "Most professional breeders take the kids from the dam before any real suckling takes place. The prime reasons for this are: - to save wear and tear on the dam's udder; - to provide equal and measured nourishment to all the kids; - to avoid difficult weaning situations later on; - to be able to weigh and record milk yield - you can only estimate yield if the kids are nursing; - to raise the kids to be people-orientated and tractable. " (Billie Luisi: A Practical Guide to Small-Scale Goatkeeping, Rodale Press '79) In case the above has painted a rosy picture of kids at least being allowed to drink their mother's milk from a bottle, having shared it with the humans who exploit the mother, consider this: "Most male kids and any weaklings, in addition to the abnormal or surplus, will be destroyed at birth or by the fourth day, when the goat has settled down and must be milked dry. " (David Mackenzie: Goat Husbandry, Faber and Faber, 1957.)

As Billie Luisi (op. cit.) remarks: "A mature buck is an extra mouth to feed and often a handful of trouble unless his presence is justified as a herd sire.

And very few bucks need to be saved for breeding purposes. It is best to settle your mind on this before there is a barnful of rambunctious, endearing, heavy milk-glugging scamperers on hand. Only a professional breeder needs more than one stud in the herd, and the household-scale keeper probably does not need even one. So plan beforehand not to keep your buck kids. " One reason for keeping male kids alive a bit longer is to slaughter them for their meat once they have been allowed to iatten. Kid meat is the most palatable form of goat flesh, so kid meat is important. Because of this it is necessary to castrate the male kids at birth. Castration is usually effected by means of the 'elastrator', "a device for applying a specially designed rubber band which cuts off the supply of blood to the scrotum. It should be used 3

within a day or two of birth if possible, and the sooner the better."

(David Mackenzie op. cit.)

Another mutilation is deodorization - removing a goat's musk glands, making goats inoffensive, and eliminating the 'goaty' flavour which can affect milk as the result of musk gland activity in she-goats. The glandular area (by the horns) is scorched to a bone-like appearance with a red-hot iron . . "if horned the horns would have to be removed along with the glandular skin, by a long and bloody operation which would be hard to justify. " (Mackenzie op. cit.)

Vegans have demonstrated that any form of animal exploitation is hard to justify: there is no need to kill and to cause suffering to goats. We don't need to steal their milk or to eat their flesh. Goat's milk may be hailed as a 'health food' by some, but how can it be other than a bad second to human breast milk for human infants? If human milk really is unobtainable, then well-tried soya milks exist which are recommended for babies with allergies.

There is absolutely no need for any milk to be consumed past weaning age, and nothing 'healthy and natural' about adults drinking it! Stealing goat's milk was probably man's first crime when he stooped to animal husbandry about 10,000 years ago. Since then the poor animal has lived in cruel slavery, while humans have abused their own offspring by palming them off with a goat as a foster-mother.

Goats have followed their human exploiters as they have migrated around the world from their Asian homeland. The result has been catastrophic. When the Roman Empire existed, what we now call Turkey was a prosperous land, rich in vegetation and famous for its trees. All this changed when the conquering Turks brought their goats. The grazing animals killed the vegetation, ruined the land and made Turkey into one of the poorest countries in the world.

The lesson is there to be learnt in our history, time and time a^iin.

Animal husbandry destroys our environment. We can no longer afford to risk our long-term future for the sake of a short-term 'gain' which has been shown to be both cruel and unnecessary. Don't let's kid ourselves! Goat-keeping is just another example of a sick, outdated world whic h we must reject entirely if we are to face the future with confidence.

L. Main SELF-SUFFICIENCY Self-sufficiency is going to prove a key factor in Man's survival. Towards this end the Vegan Self-sufficiency Network was set up in April by Alan and Elaine Garrett. In May they published the Network's first Newsletter. It contains three sections covering Viewpoints, Crafts and Veganic Gardening.

Back issues of the Newsletter are still available: No. 1 (May-June) Introduction to the Network - 25d: No. 2 Home Production of Linin/Glutin Free Grains - 30p.

No. 3 is now available.

Membership ot the Network (which includes a year's subscription to the Newsletter) is ÂŁ2. 50, and is available from: V. S. S. N., C/o. Alan and Elaine Garrett, 115 Eastern Road, Portsmouth, P03 6EJ. 4

PEACE & GOODWILL

by Laurence Main Many acknowledge the Christmas message in the eleventh chapter of the book of Isaiah: "And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse and a Branch shall grow out of his roots; and the spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge. " But few connect this "Prince of Peace" with the words of Isaiah a little later (verses 6 to 9): "The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid, and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them. And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice' den. THEY SHALL NOT HURT NOR DESTROY IN ALL MY HOLY MOUNTAIN: FOR THE EARTH SHALL BE FULL OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE LORD, AS THE WATERS COVER THE SEA. " Despite such a message, Christmas has become synonymous with an orgy of killing and eating birds and animals. The Church seems to condone such practices, and few that would call themselves Christians restrict their diet to that which God originally gave to man in Genesis , Chap. I verse 29: "And God said, 'Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the Earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.'

Being free from commitment to any religious group, the Vegan Society has kept clear of the controversy of what defines a Christian. It is worth recording, however - if only for our self-defence against Christians convinced of the sanctity of eating flesh, that some believe a vegan diet to be consistent with the original Christianity that Was later corrupted. A feature of the final years of the Age of Pisces has been the recovery of lost records and the discovery of cross-references which give hope of a more accurate picture of Jesus Christ and the early Christians. One prominent researcher is Hugh J. Schonfield and it is interesting to note, on page 154 of his book "Secrets of the Dead Sea Scrolls", that: "Hegesippus, as quoted by Eusebius (Eccl. Hist. Bk. Exxiii), says that James, (the brother of Jesus Christ), called the Just by All, 'was consecrated from his mother's womb. He drank neither wine nor fermented liquors, and abstained from animal food. A razor never came upon his head, he never anointed with oil, and never used a bath (i. e. a public bathing establishment). He alone was allowed to enter the Sanctuary. He never wore woollen, only linen garments'. " This same James became the leader of the Christians after Jesus Christ's disappearance and was eventually martyred by a stone-throwing mob, whom he prayed that God would forgive 'for they know not what they do.'

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Modern Christianity is derived more from the beliefs of Paul, which were at variance with those early "Followers of the Way" who actually knew Jesus.

Even so, in Romans, Chap. 14, verse 21, we find: ''It is good neither to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor anything whereby thy brother stumbleth, or is offended, or is made weak. " These words are preceded in the same chapter, verse 14, with the reminder: " . . . the kingdom of God is not meat and drink; but righteousness and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. " Such a reminder illustrates the fact that veganism is only part of a greater whole. A vegan way of life is a practical expression of love which can only be approached with humility and a deep desire to avoid hurting others.

Throughout history appalling crimes have been committed by people in the firm belief that they were doing nothing wrong - even 'saving souls'.

Intolerance is a species of violence, but our attitude to others should be positive appreciation rather than negative toleration. Gandhi recognised no other God than Truth and the only means for the realization of Truth is love or Ahimsa. Knowledge of Truth and the practice of love are impossible without self-purification, with only the pure in heart able to see God. Gandhi's mark of spirituality was not exile from the natural world but work in it with love for all. "Love to the loveless shown, that they might lovely be. " This condition is absolute. There must be freedom and equality of status. We must not degrade the vision to the demands of the actual but must raise the actual to the pattern of the ideal. Our love of liberty and justice must exclude the passive violence of refusing to reform a situation which is contrary to the professed ideals. If greed, cruelty and contempt of life have gone to the making of our established way of life, we must change it. Until we act honestly in this matter we cannot secure a better world. We must adopt a policy of non-violent non-co-operation with evil, based on hatred of the wrong and love for the wrong-doer.

We are controlled by unchecked science and technology, no longer troubled by such doubts as those so wisely expressed by Leonardo da Vinci when he suppressed his invention of the submarine "on account of the evil nature of man. " There is no political way out of the world's mess, with politicians living from day to day and basing their policies on selfish interests, even stooping to use conspicuous minorities as convenient scapegoats. As it becomes harder to maintain and justify our. accepted extravagant and cruel way of life, politicians can be expected to become tougher in its defence, tightening their grip on foreign states and taking emergency measures to protect their domestic position. Dinosaur-like vested interests cannot be expected to develop necessary change. The responsibility is ours. We must perceive reality.

All selfish interests must be dropped, along with greed and envy. The final years of this century hold a spiritual crisis which will demand a great leap forward in our consciousness. As Ronald Higgins writes in "The Seventh Enemy: The Human Factor in the Global Crisis": "Rarely has so much hinged on our power to love."

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Our faith in the New Age will enable us to recognise its birth-pangs. We must turn from the single vision of objective reason, the 'rationality' that makes scientists torture animals. The Truth is more elusive - the visionary awareness of the poet or mystic. No barren precision is sought, but the encompassing mystery, the knowledge OF rather than the scientific knowledge ABOUT. Animals present us with a test case, and by our conduct to them in their innocence and weakness our own standards are truly fixed. Admit that the strong have the right to exploit the weak and the essential lesson of life is lost. What use is science if it is not governed by ethics?

The feminine principle needs liberating. This is far from advocating that women should take on the role of men. We need to be more receptive, less assertive, associated with love rather than with power. By welcoming our tensions we can raise our consciousness. By recognising our evils we can overcome them and be made whole. This Christmas we must look forward to a second coming, at least in our hearts. Perhaps unseen powers are at work in ways that we cannot comprehend, though we can sense and even apprehend them if we are willing to be silent and listen.

"Everyone of us, every group with which we live and work must become the model of the era which we desire to create. We must live the future now."

Ivan Illich ("The Celebration of Awareness")

Book Review

"THE NEW TIMES NETWORK"- Groups and Centres for Personal Growth, compiled by Robert Adams, published Routledge & Kegan Paul, 148 pages, paperback, £4.25, lists the groups and activities which are the tools of 'the force of the idea of a new age.' The Vegan Society is included and vegans are involved in the organisations listed. This directory could be a great help in spreading our influence. NOT SOLD BY US. l . M. 'THE CRANKS RECIPE BOOK" by David and Kay Canter and Daphne Swann, published J. M. Dent & Sons, 1982: £12.50. This is a most beautiful production, but spoilt for vegans by the number of dairy pr9ducts listed in the recipes. It could perhaps be bought for a very special friend or relative, just contemplating changing from orthodox eating. It would prove a most powerful incentive. NOT SOLD BY US. _ j "VEGAN COOKERY" by Leah Leneman, published Thorsons, paper back £1. 50.

Some original ideas among the many recipes - all vegan and all clearly expressed. Recommended. PLEASE BUY FROM US, ADDING 25p. p. & p.

"COMPOST MAKING" The Quick Return Method by Maye E. Bruce, published Chase Organics (G. B.) Ltd., 50p. + 15p. p. & p. FROM US. The essence of Maye Bruce's teaching. Invaluable.

"COOKING WITH SEA VEGETABLES" by S. A. Rhoads, assisted by P. Zanic, published Autumn Press Inc. Recommended by Gill Langley: American probably obtainable from Whole Foods, Baker Street, W. 1.

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m MTINB mOlUTIOH

There has been a growth of interest among scientists in diet as a means of preventing many of our modern disease epidemics, such as cancer, heart disease, bowel disorders and so forth. This interest seems to have started with the pioneering work of Burkitt twenty years ago, when he studied rural Africans and noted the absence of many diseases rampant in the affluent countries.

Gradually, nutritional studies of all kinds, unfortunately including animal experiments, have proliferated. Many of the results have appeared to conflict, but it is quite easy to see a general trend towards recommending a diet which tends, in many aspects, towards the vegan ideal.

However, the public is still, understandably enough, confused about the extent to which diet can influence health, and about which items in the diet should be reduced and which increased in order to have a more healthy balance. This confusion results, not so much from equivocal research, but from the usual reluctance of scientists and administrators to change their ideas unless they have a 100% proof - which is never feasible - and from the campaigns of certain sections of the so-called 'food industry'. A questionnaire sent to more than 200 experts in 22 different countries actually revealed a surprising consensus of opinion on the question of diet and heart disease. 188 out of the 193 who replied consider there is a connection between diet and the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). 189 believe there is a connection between cholesterol levels in the blood and CHD; 176 think our knowledge of diet and CHD is sufficient to recommend a moderate change in diet for the population's of affluent countries along the following lines: fewer total calories, l e s s total fat, l e s s saturated fat, l e s s dietary cholesterol, more polyunsatu-

rated iat, less sugar, less salt, more fibre and more starchy food.

(Nutrition Bulletin 1981, 6:93). Look more closely at this list of recommendations: every single item.is reflected in the wholefood vegan diet, followed by many vegans who, as a group, have been shown to eat food high in fibre and low in fat, with negligible cholesterol, little saturated fat and high in polyunsaturated fat; they tend to eat more complex carbohydrates than the general population as well as fewer total calories (tending to be slimmer than average), and their diet is often low in sugar and salt as well.

CHD is the number one killer in the UK as in most industrial countries, and from post mortems it is known that most middle aged people have atherosclerotic changes in their arteries - a deposition of fatty substances which narrow the arteries and can lead to heart attack, angina and other heart problems. A diet high in saturated fats - mostly from animal sources - and low in fibre - not found in meat, eggs or milk - can raise blood cholesterol which is a danger sign for CHD. Food high in polyunsaturated fats - such as most vegetable oils and soft margarines - and high in fibre, can actually decrease blood levels of cholesterol, and thus reduce the risk of CHD. 8

A study of 58 vegans reported in 1978 (Metabolism, 1978, 27:711) showed their cholesterol levels to be about 60% of those of their flesh-eating brethren, and the results also suggest that the vegan diet encourages the 'good' HDL form of cholesterol in the blood, and lowers the 'bad' LDL cholesterol levels, thus reducing the risk of CHD. Vegetarians, with their emphasis on dairy products , come halfway between vegans and omnivores in their levels of cholesterol.

Various studies have shown that the risk of a vegetarian dying of heart disease is only half that of non-vegetarians (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1978, 31 (suppl):619l). In one study, omnivorous patients with seriously high blood fat levels were put on a diet with lยงoz. of whole beans per day (1 kilo per month) and their blood cholesterol dropped by 16% (Chinese Medical Journal, 1981, 94: 455).

Several affluent countries have succeeded in lowering their death rates from heart disease, and Belgium is the most successful of these in the EEC. Her epidemiologists attribute the drop in deaths from heart diseases of nearly a quarter between 1968 and 1977 to a decreased consumption of butter and hard margarine (World Medicine, 1980, May 3lst, p7). During a similar period in the USA, there was a 56% decrease in consumption of animal fats, including eggs, butter, milk and cream, and a comparable rise in vegetable fats, which were accompanied by a 21% reduction in deaths from heart disease (ischaemic) in middle aged men. In the UK where dietary guidelines, have been more equivocal and less definite, deaths from heart disease have remained constant. As a corollary, the UK, with 20% of the population of the EEC, consumes more than 40% of the milk'.' . In Switzerland, a falling death rate from cardiovascular disease is associated selectively with a fall in milk consumption amounting to 46% between 1951 and 1976 (British Medical Journal, 21 August 1982, p. 575). Dairy fat accounts for about half of all saturated fats consumed in this country (The Lancet, 26 April, 1980, p. 932), so vegetarians had better watch out!

Milk has other serious effects on health. We will all know now that many children are allergic to cow's milk, and studies have shown how milk may reduce the effectiveness of the body's immune system - its defence against disease. Babies fed on cow's milk develop antibodies which bind to part of the milk molecule in the blood forming antigen-antibody complexes.

Complexes of this sort in the blood supply can interfere with immunity and are capable of damaging the kidneys and the joints. Various disorders, such as allergy and infections, may result from this response to milk in the baby's blood, and one possible consequence is early changes in the arteries which may lead to heart disease in later life. (Nature 1978, 272: 632).

A recent case report from Hammersmith Hospital implicates milk products in rheumatism. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis and a history of multiple drug allergies improved when milk and cheese were excluded from the diet, and relapsed when they were re-introduced (General Practitioner, 17 Sept. 1982 p. 55). And the report from this year's meeting of the American 9

Society of Microbiologists suggests that some of America's 7000 annual cot deaths may be attributable to an allergy to cow's milk (British Medical Journal 1982, 285: 429).

How far do dietary changes, tending towards the vegan ideal, affect other diseases of our day such as cancer, bowel disorders and diabetes? Human faeces contain mutagens, chemicals capable of causing cancer in certain conditions, which may be involved in colonic cancer. A comparison of the levels of these mutagens in the faeces of vegans, ovo-lacto-vegetarians and omnivores showed that vegans and vegetarians both had much lower levels than omnivores, and may be less prone to colonic cancer (Mutation Research 1981, 85: 11). Several epidemiological studies (Nutrition & Cancer 1979, 1:35) indicate that a diet low in meat and high in fibre is correlated with a low risk of colonic cancer. Another report (Journal of Pathology, 1971, 103: 54) showed that bacteria from the guts of vegans break down bile salts less quickly than the gut bacteria of omnivores - and it is known that some bile acids and related breakdown products are carcinogenic. Further, a faster transit time of food through the body is found in vegans and vegetarians because of the high fibre content of the diet, so that any carcinogens will be in contact with the tissues for less time than in an omnivore. Diets high in vitamin C and vitamin A seem to protect against some cancers, particularly cancer of the mouth and throat - and vegans are likely to have high levels of these vitamins in their bodies.

Being lighter than most people, vegans and vegetarians may suffer less from obesity-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus, gout, rheumatism, haemorrhoids, high blood pressure and heart disease. High fibre, high carbohydrate diets have been shown to control glucose in the blood of diabetics, the diets having plenty of beans and wholemeal bread (The Lancet,

3 Jan. 1981, p. 1.) Vegans and vegetarians tend to be less prone to bowel disorders such as diverticular disease; one study showed that vegetarians eat at least twice as much fibre as non-vegetarians and that diverticular disease is only a third as common (The Lancet, 10 March 1979, p. 511).

So it seems that many facets of the vegan diet may be beneficial to health.

G. Langley M.A. , Ph.D., F.R.S.M., M.I.Biol.

The above is trom the text of the lecture given to the Vegan Society A. G. M. October 1983. Dr. Langley is now General Secretary of the Dr. Hadwen Trust for Humane Research. *********************************************************************** Since 1970, more than 8 million experiments have been replaced with alternative research methods such as cell and organ culture. But a daily British toll of more than 12,000 experiments on animals continues, involving much pain and suffering. The Dr. Hadwen Trust urgently needs funds to con tinue financing the development of humane, non-animal research techniques.

Please make a bequest or send a donation to:

The Dr Hadwen Trust for Humane Research

Tylers Way, Watford, Herts, WD2 8HQ . Tel. 01 - 950 - 8215 ************* ***********4;******'* *********************** **************** 10

REVERENCE for LIFE

by Ronald Summers The conception of reverence - or respect - for life as the basis for morality which we owe to Albert Schweitzer must seem likely to provide a helpful insight to those who are distressed by many of our attitudes to animals.

Schweitzer outlines his principle of reverence for life in parts of his main writings - Civilization and Ethics (1923) and My Life and Thought (1931) - and it is well epitomised in the later much shorter book, The Teaching of Reverence for Life (1966). He challenges those thinkers in the past who have related morality only to the relationships between human beings. He forces on our attention the need for the widest possible extension of responsibility.

'The great fault of all ethics hitherto has been that they believed themselves to have to deal only with the relations of man to man. In reality, however, the question is what is his attitude to the world and all life that comes within his reach? A man is ethical only when life, auch. is sacred to him, that of plants and animals as that of his fellow-men, and when he devotes himself helpfully to all life that is in need of help.'

Many will have read Schweitzer's account of how, in September, 1915, while travelling from his hospital at Lambarene up the River Ogowe in a small steamer to visit a missionary's wife who was ill, he was searching in his mind for 'the elementary and universal conception of the ethical which I had not discovered in any philosophy'. After several days of intense thought there suddenly came to him the phrase 'Reverence for Life', and his search was ended. He tries to justify his illumination as a principle of ethical thinking and action which is a necessity of thought, arising from a man's reflection 'upon the first, the most immediate, and the continually given fact of his own consciousness.' This immediate fact is the assertion:' I am life which wills to live, in the midst of life which wills to live'. Altruism develops because he then feels compelled to give the same reverence to every other form of life which he has for his own existence.

Schweitzer cannot base his ethical principles on any observed purpose in the natural world and its history. He is deeply awed by the mystery of existence and the powers of nature, but there is nothing there with which men and women can co-operate .

'Can altruism be justified within the terms of a world view? Ethical thinkers have constantly endeavoured to do this. They have never succeeded.

However, a philosophy that proceeds from truth has to confess that no spirit of loving-kindness is at work in the phenomenal world. The universe provides us with the dreary spectacle of manifestations of the will to live continually opposed to each other. One life preserves itself by fighting and destroying other lives. The world is horror in splendour, meaninglessness in meaning, sorrow in joy.'

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In the ethics of reverence for life the Good involves the preservation and promotion of life, the raising of it to its highest expression; Evil is to harm or destroy life or to thwart its development.

Schweitzer has a great sensitivity to suffering. 'Only at quite rare moments have I felt really g'-ad to be alive. I could not but feel with a sympathy full of regret all the pain that I saw around me, not only that of men but that of the whole creation. From this community of suffering I have never tried to withdraw myself.' His concern extended to forms of life which cannot conceivably feel pain and, in some cases, in a strange way he attributes consciousness and feelings to them. In notes for a speech in 1959 he writes: 'We recognize that all existence is a mystery like our own existence. The poor fly which we would like to kill with our hand has come into existence like ourselves. It knows anxiety, it knows hope for happiness, it knows fear of not existing any more.'

Schweitzer had an affectionate enjoyment of the animals about his hospital which attached themselves to him as pets - Thekla, the wild pig; the young antelopes; Parsifal, his tame pelican; the goats; the abandoned baby gorilla which they kept alive, and the young chimpanzee whose paralysed legs they cured. The smallest of creatures aroused his concern. He was at pains to pick up an earthworm from the dry ground and place it on moist grass or to rescue a tiny insect struggling in a puddle; and at night he would close the shutters of his work-room and sit in the stuffy heat rather than have moths fly in through the open windows to destroy themselves by fluttering into his lamp.

But, while for Schweitzer only strict necessity excuses us for harming or destroying life, he does little to establish the boundaries of what is necessary.

He condemns outright hunting for sport, bull-fighting and inhumanity to animals in slaughter-houses or while being carried in railway trucks. We learn from 'The Vegetable Passion' by Janet. Barkas that Schweitzer was convinced of vegetarianism as an ideal, although he regretted that he could not follow thij:.) as fully as he would have liked. He seems to have given up meat eating completely only late in life, for in 'The Schweitzer Album' by Erica Anderson, she writes of his later years at Lambarene: 'No bird or animal in the hospital village - hen or pig or sheep - is killed for food. Fish or crocodile meat brought by fishermen are occasionally served at table, but Schweitzer himself in recent years has given up eating either meat or fish, even the liver dumplings he used to relish and enjoy. 'I can't eat anything that was alive any morel' Schweitzer concedes inescapable dilemmas in daily life but saddles us with guilt even for the harm which we cannot avoid. He acknowledges what must be for all of us the most perplexing question. When there is no escape from doing harm'but there is a conflict of choices, how must we decide? It is here that we have to conclude that Schweitzer leaves us without guidance.

Almost perversely he will accept no hierarchy of value among the different forms of life.

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'The ethics of reverence for life makes no distinction between higher and lower, more precious and less precious lives. It has good reasons for this omission. For what are we doing, when we establish hard and fast gradations in value between living organisms, but judging them in relation to ourselves, by whether they seem to stand closer to us or further from us?

Whenever we harm any form of life, we must be clear about whether it was really necessary to do so. We must not go beyond the truly unavoidable harm, not even in seemingly insignificant matters.' He reflects that the germs which cause sleeping-sickness are a form of life which must be sacrificed by the use of remedies for this painful disease. Plant life must never be destroyed thoughtlessly. When he rescued a young fish-eagle by buying it from some Africans who might ill-treat it, he decided to keep the bird alive by killing small fishes for its food; but we are not told why he made this choice. Those who do experiments or tests on animals with the intention of benefitting mankind are exhorted to make very sure in every case that the harm they are doing is really necessary and unavoidable. Human beings have incurred by this use of animals a debt which they must repay by kindness and service in return. In a radio interview in 1953 he faced the conflicts more tentatively: 'The idea (of reverence for life) carries implicit difficulties since all of us may find ourselves faced with the unavoidable necessity of causing other creatures suffering and even death. These problems can worry and upset us, but they cannot shake our conviction that we must be guided by respect for life and that we must practise it wherever and whenever possible, in order to remain in harmony with all that is best in us.'

It was his philosophy that Schweitzer regarded as his main achievement in life. The great strength Of this is that it can enlarge immeasurably our sense of human responsibility and our awareness of the interdependence of all life. 'The beginning of all wisdom is to be filled with the mystery of existence and of life.' He had great confidence in the power of rational thought. 'I therefore stand and work in the world as one who aims at making men less shallow and morally better by thinking.' It is left for those who are touched by his teaching to demonstrate according to their ability how to make the necessity to harm or destroy other life as restricted as possible.

(Quotations are from the specified works of Schweitzer himself and from The Schweitzer Album by Erica Anderson.)

magazine for vegans VEGAN VIEWSandAn informal sympathisers in which readers

1 - 6 1 N C R P F T LANE - EDENFIELD . Subs.

RAMSBOTTO - 8URX - LANCASHIRE ÂŁ2.00 for 4 issues, 50p single issue. s h a r e

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FERNE ANIMAL SANCTUARY When fate decreed that Ferne Animal Sanctuary should leave its home at Berwick St. John in Wiltshire seven years ago, leaving a friendly neighbourhood which remembered with great affection Feme's late Foundress, the Duchess of Hamilton, to set up its banner at Wambrook, it may be that the 'power of good' knew exactly what it was doing!

In 1975, Ferne brought the cause of animal rights into an area, not only of dispassionate animal exploitation, but also into an area second to none in its abuse of wildlife. Not only did Chard have one of the largest slaughterhouses and meat industries in Europe but the land that now is Ferne and its surrounding countryside resounded to the sound of baying hounds and blasting shotguns. We have lost no opportunity to publicise Feme's philosophies so valiantly promoted by the Duchess many years ago. We have determinedly expounded her reverence for all living things, her hatred of vivisection, bloodsports and cruel methods of farming, as well as providing a living example of how Man should care for those who cannot defend themselves. It is no coincidence that now Chard has a young and flourishing group of vegetarians and vegans which have been brought together through Feme's inspiration. Hundreds of local schoolchildren have either been to Ferne or received a classroom visit from us to explain the cause of compassion and respect for animal life.

Small wonder perhaps that local animal exploiters and abusers have seen Ferne as a threat to their activities. Over the past seven years Ferne has been frequently attacked at night by local thugs. Our main gate has been smashed, trees cut down, hay bales ruined and signs daubed and blasted with shot-guns. Under such intimidation we need help more than ever. Letters of support and financial aid will be much appreciated but, most of all, your determination to fight for animals. Letters to M. P. s and the media, demanding a 'better deal' for animals and an end to unnecessary suffering, will be the best inspiration to all of us here 'at the front'.

The Great Cat Problem: It is estimated that there are about four million cats living stray and feral in the United Kingdom. Most of these of course are unneutered, living either individually or in groups, scratchinga living as best they can. Through living in poor conditions, often the targets of vandals, irregular and poor diets and debility caused by litter after litter, many of these unloved animals undergo miserable lives. In the absence of Government action to reduce the unwanted and surplus animal problem, we can do little to help. Many of the cats brought to Ferne are feral cats which have been captured, and we have found that they rarely are as tame and affectionate as the normal household cat. All we can do is offer them security, clean, warm and dry housing, good food and a reasonably free life from the strain of producing dozens of '-.it lens.

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We appeal to everyone who has a cat to help ensure that no more cats are added to the already overcrowded cat population, by neutering their pet. For those who tend individual or groups of feral cats, we point out that the KSPCA has now accepted that, where feral cats are established in reasonably safe environments, they should be trapped, neutered and returned to that environment. The advantages are that the cat's life is not drastically disrupted, that 'unhomeable' cats are not taking up valuable space in animal homes and, most important, that with no more kittens being born in the colony the colony will gradually 'die out'.

Meatless Diet for Pets: Vegetarians will know of the difficult moral dilemma which arises when one has given up meat oneself but continues to use slaughter-house products to feed one's pets. All the staff caring for the animals at Feme are vegetarians or vegans, and we have now developed our own vegan diet for Feme's dogs.

It has proved very successful for almost a year now, and some of our dogs which have been born here have never been fed on meat. Pedigree Petfoods have replied to a letter from one of our supporters acknowleding that dogs can thrive on a vegan diet but doubting whether there is at present a big enough demand for such a product. You may be able to convince them otherwise by writing to Pedigree Petfoods, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, and asking them to produce such a food! We are also currently negotiating with Kennel Nutrition Ltd., the manufacturers of 'Vitalin' dog food, in the hope that they will produce for us a meatless version of Vitalin. Hitherto we have been feeding our dogs on our own soya based diet, but this necessitates boiling with rice and lentils, and we are worried about the frequent power-cuts we suffer each winter.

Since Feme opened its gates at Wambrook we have taken in: 345 dogs, 197 cats, 245 birds (domestic and wild), 313 'miscellaneous' animals (from gerbils to cows) and 33 horses and donkeys. Animals currently at Feme are as follows: Dogs 25, Cats 19, Horses 18, Donkeys 8, Goats 12, Pigs 2, Sheep 5, Cows 2, Steer 1, Foxes 4 adults - 7 cubs, Babbits 20, Guinea pigs 3, Tortoises 7, Terrapins 6, Hens 17, Bantams 38, Ducks 25, Ferrets 3 and Badger I. No animal has been destroyed except on veterinary advice. But, perhaps most important of all, Feme has remained true to the Duchess of Hamilton's dream that the sanctuary would provide inspirational light and hope to all those who believe in the kinship of all living things, and the cessation of cruelty, persecution and unnecessary exploitation.

John Bryant And in that day will 1 make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven, and with the creeping things of the ground: and I will break the bow and the sword and the battle out of the earth, and will make them to lie down in safety. Hosea, 2.18.

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BOOKS FOR SALE :

B O O K L E T S - REDUCED FOR XMAS GIFTS Help your friends to compassionate living and increase our funds for spreading 'the message.'

PIONEERS - inspiring reminiscences of early vegans - plus menus THE VEGAN WAY - Why? and How? by ten very different vegans - with recipes.

INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL VEGANISM with recipes FIRST HAND: FIRST RATE: 60 simple recipes and ideas for economical living on largely home produced foods, plus self-sufficiency gardening hints.

ALL REDUCED TO 30p. UNTIL JANUARY 1st plus 30p. p. & p. for 4 booklets ALSO AVAILABLE WHAT'S COOKING? by Eva Batt: The famous cookery book and food guide.

Still only E3.00 + 50p. p. & p.

IN LIGHTER VEIN also by Eva Batt: humorous verses for the young in heart, charmingly illustrated 50p. + I5p. p. & p.

SA LA DINGS from garden and hedgerow by Mabel Cluer, illustrated 5Sp. + I5p. p. & p.

FOOD FOR A FUTURE Comprehensive call for vegetarianism and veganism vividly expressed by Jon Wynne Tyson £1. 50 + 25p. p. & p.

NEW Decorative Wall Chart of food values and menus See page 19.

VEGAN NUTRITION by Drs. Ellis and Senders. Scientific assessment of the diet plus easy to follow tables 75p. + I5p. p. & p.

VEGAN MOTHERS and CHILDREN by 10 vegan mothers, plus reports and recent research on ve^n pregnancy, lactation and under fives 50p. + 20p. p. & p.

PLANT FOODS for HUMAN HEALTH with special reference to the diseases of affluence and the needs of the developing world: by J. W. Dickerson, Professor Human Nutrition, University Surrey 20p. + 15p. p. & p.

THE ROLE OF PLANT FOODS in Feeding Mankind by A. Bender, Professor Nutrition and Dietetics, University London 1 30p. + 15p. p. & p.

AND NOT P U B L I S H E D BY V E G A N SOCIETY HEALTHY EATING FOR THE NEW AGE by J. d'Silva £3.95 + 40p. p. & p.

VEGAN COOKING by L. Leneman - paper back £1.50 + 25p. p. & p.

FETTERED KINGDOMS by John Bryant £1.25 + 30p. p. & p.

Please order from L. Main, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, MACHYNLLETH SY20 9LW, but he will be away Dec. 18th - Jan. 6th. Urgent orders can be dealt with at 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

CHEQUES made out to: Vegan Society, Ltd. International Money Orders from overseas please.

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A.G.M. 1982

About 75 people attended the third Annual General Meeting of the Vegan Society Limited (following the thirty five A. G. Ms. of the Vegan Society.)

45 signed the Minute book as Full Members.

The Chair was taken by Jack Sanderson, President of the Society, who welcomed members, some of whom had travelled long distances - from places as far away as Folkestone, Taunton, Bury and Stirling. He spoke of the many encouraging signs that the Vegan Society was making headway.

The Minutes of the 1981 A. G. M. held at Bournemouth on October 17th, and of the Extraordinary General Meeting held immediately afterwards, and then the Annual Report of the Executive Council and the Annual Accounts, were all accepted unanimously.

There was discussion about raising subscriptions but no decision was taken as no resolution had been sent in. The Treasurer, President and Secretary all said that as many paid more than the minimum,the end result of raising subscriptions would be less donations and loss of the membership of those who would find it difficult to pay more because they were unwaged or committed to the support of many societies.

The President, Jack Sanderson, Deputy President, Serena Coles, and Vice Presidents Eva Batt, Jay Dinshah, Catherine Nimmo, Mabel Simmons and Winifred Simmons were all re-elected unanimously. Under the new regulations passed at the Extraordinary General Meeting the previous year a third of the existing Council, the longest serving members, were required to resign, and new members could only be nominated if they had joined the Society at least three years previously. Accordingly Jack Sanderson and Serena Coles resigned and stood for re-election, and Colin Howlett and Kath Manners, both of whom had been members for more than three years, were nominated by Richard Owen and Christopher Hall respectively. They were all elected unanimously.

Members heard with great regret that Eva Batt did not feel able to commit herself to continuing her work on the Council. Her valuable services as Chairman would be greatly missed, and it was very much hoped that she would soon be well again.

The Auditors, Messrs. Bryden, Johnson and Company, were re-appointed, and the Council authorised to fix their remuneration.

The official business being completed, Laurence Main, Assistant Secretary, spoke of his work in promoting local groups and their successful activities in various parts of the country: manning stalls, producing Newsletters, organising meetings and selling the Society's literature. He spoke of the useful publicity gained in connection with the biofuels project being launched at the National Centre for Alternative Technology in Wales, of the new film being made, of the articles he had had accepted in various journals and the leaflets that had been translated into Welsh.

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Serena Coles then read a report on the Vegan Home Project sent by Neville Hall, Chairman of Homes for Elderly Vegetarians Limited, with whom the Vegan Society was collaborating. It had not been possible to get the necessary grant from the Housing Corporation and the search for suitable premises had not yet been successful. Serena Coles thanked members for their generous donations (one for ÂŁ1,000 had been received from an anonyrious donor) but explained that much more money would be needed before desirable premises could be secured and developed. She asked to be kept informed of any suitable properties becoming available.

Regrettably there was no time left for reports from Local Groups before a break had to be made for tea. Members had provided a truly sumptuous meal. Everyone enjoyed eating, talking, looking at displays of the work of local Groups, of the Dr. Hadwen Trust, of the Vegan Self-Sufficiency Network, of Plamil Foods Ltd., of Peak Adventure Holidays and buying literature from the stall manned by Winifred Jones - until they assembled to hear Dr. Gill Langley speak on "The Eating Revolution".

Finally they relaxed with the help of songs from Ross Kane's group.

AFTER THE ANIMAL FILM s The horror of "The Animal Film" on Channel 4 was followed by the exasperating inadequacy of the 'Discussion' on Sunday. I have room to mention only one point that readers of our literature would have loved to contradict. The Farming Industries representative agreed (he most probably wouldn't have done even 2 or 3 years ago;) that meat was not necessary for human health, but maintained that livestock was necessary for the well being of the countryside. While varied animal species in wild life areas can help to maintain a proper balance with each other and the vegetation, livestock deliberately bred by humans, especially profit motive dominated humans, completely upset that balance and are destroying the countryside. As Laurence Main relates on another page,rational ecology would reveal the need to restore the tree cover and wild life to the large areas that, in a vegan economy, would not be required for food production. Fertility of such arable lands as were necessary could be maintained by compost and green manuring techniques see L. Hill's article in Summer "Vegan" on the farmer who has grown cereal crops for 12 years without animal manure or artificial fertilisers.

It is to be fervently hoped that the traumatic experience of seeing the "Animal Film" will help all who are concerned to end animal exploitation , to work together in harmony to disprove any 'pleas of necessity' that the exploiters still feel they can make.

Kathleen Jannaway *lo million acres according to an article in the 'New Scientist' by Prof. Watkin Williams of Reading University ut of our 46 million agricultural acres'. >0

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SECRETARY'S PAGE The wide showing of The Animal Film on Channel 4 - and in cinemas up and down the country - should mark a new era in the struggle for the Animal Liberation Movement. No longer can the vast majority of people ignore the appalling crimes for which they, by their life styles, are responsible.

Members of theVegan Society have a tremendous responsibility to make known the facts and to convince people that, far from slavery of animals being necessary, their release from cruel exploitation is an essential step into a better future for all life, including human, and for the regeneration of the planet. We must unite, not only in spelling out loud and clear the knowledge we have acquired, but also in helping people to apply it to their daily lives.

CHRISTMAS, with its orgy of animal slaughter and overeating in a hungry world, is a traumatic time for vegans. Let us turn it to good account by demonstrating that vegan festivities, based on the vision of a better world, can be happier. Why not throw a pre Christmas party and introduce friends to vegan fare? (Our Festive Recipe sheet is still available.)

RESTAURANTS AND GUEST HOUSES: Following the good example of the Vegetarian Society we have had our Sunflower symbol, plus the words "Vegan Meal Served Here" printed in a form that can be stuck on to windows. We are also having a leaflet, written by a lecturer in catering, for the guidance of chefs. Please let Laurence Main, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas .Mawddwy, Nr. Machynlleth SY20 9LW know of any proprietor who may be willing to display our symbol.

MENU CARD: We are producing a decorative Menu and Nutrient Guidance card suitable to be hung up in kitchens. Laminated wipe off card.20p & 15p. p&p.

We will have them ready for the New Year. Send them as gifts ?

HOSPITAL FOOD: Even vegans have to go into hospital sometimes. They can get good out of evil by using the opportunity to educate any doctors and nurses who are still ignorant about the vegan diet! We have had printed as a leaflet Mabel Cluer's article on how best to get vegan food when in hospital.

The Department of Health & Social Security have published a booklet for hospital caterers - "Catering for Minority Groups" - which has a section, on vegans. It is obtainable from Miss Towers, Adviser on Dietetics, D. H. S. S., Hannibal House, Elephant & Castle, London SE1 6TE, price 90p. plus 25p. postage. We also recommend our "Vegan Nutrition" by Drs. Ellis and Sanders and "Plant Foods for Human Health" by Prof. Dickerson, which we will send to hospitals free of charge.

EVA and SERENA have been much moved by all the cards and good wishes received and feel sure that these are contributing to their continued progress.

Serena hopes to be working as usual before long - a remarkable tribute to her vegan diet considering the injuries she endured. Eva is now working again on her new cookery book. She was delighted with the flowers sent by the A. G. M. K.J. 19

RE SESAME CRISPS ( 3 - 4 Servings) 8 oz. mashed potato 2 tbps. oil

4 oz. sesame seeds 1 tbps. soya flour oil for frying Bake sesame seed until light brown (can be done in frying pan with lid over low heat if constantly shaken). Grind finely* and mix with other ingredients to make a soft mixture.

Coat pan with thin layer of oil. Heat until it begins to smoke. Drop in spoonfuls of the mixture and flatten to cakes. Turn down heat and cook until golden brown and crisp both sides. Serve with hot vegetables or, cold, with ' K. Jannaway 8 a l a d

FRUITY YEAST BUNS 750 gms. 100% flour 50 gms. candied peel 35 gms. fresh or 15 gms. dried yeast 425 ml. water - cold or tepid not hot 100 gms. currants 4 tbps. cold pressed oil 1 tsp. all spice 12 gms. sea salt I tsp. cinnamon Place half flour and all the peel in a bowl. In a separate bowl place yeast, oil, currants, allspice, cinnamon and water. Leave until yeast is active, i.e. bubbles appear on the surface.

When the yeast is active add to flour and candied peel. This will be a thick batter. Beat well. Leave batter mixture until it has doubled in size. Whet it has doubled in size add salt. We do not add salt before this stage because it kills the yeast. Beat the mixture well, slowly add the rest of the flour until you get a 'soft' dough. This is important - the stiffer the dough, the heavier the bread, and we are hoping to have light, soft buns. You may not need all of the flour - it depends on its absorbency.

SUGAR FREE PEEL Scrub the skins of any citrus fruits well and chop into small pieces. Cover with concentrated apple juice and cover with cling film.

Leave to stand in a refridgerator for 5 days.

Place in a saucepan with enough water to cover. Simmer until all water has been absorbed. Keep in a refridgerator. Keeps up to 6 months.

Jackie Appleby, Wholefood Cookery School, 16&18 Bushloe End, Wigston, Leicester, LE8 2BA The School produces very good booklets (sadly not all vegan) and teaching charts, and runs courses,especially for teachers.

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J

>ES

SUGARLESS SWEETS (high in minerals and protein)

CAROB FUDGE: 1 oz. carob 1 oz. sunflower seeds 1 oz. malt 1 oz. soya flour* (or porage oats) 1 oz. raisins - seeded 1 oz. Tomor Slice and chop raisins finely and cook in melted margarine over low heat until soft. Stir in finely ground* sunflower seeds, malt, carob and soya flour, or finely ground porage oats. Mix well and spread on flat tray to thickness of about J inch. Leave to set firmly, preferably in a 'fridge. Mark into squares.

DATE HALVA 2 oz. dates (Turban) 2 oz. raisins 2 oz. Tahini 2 oz. porage oats finely ground or | oz. sesame seeds - roasted soya flour* Slice and chop dates and raisins very finely and stir well into Tahini. Press in finely ground porage oats or soya flour and mix well. Shape into balls and roll in sesame seeds - roasted brown in oven or covered pan over low heat.

COCONUT CREAM 2 oz. creamed coconut (from 1 oz. soya flour Or ground porage oats.

Health Stores) \ oz. dessicated coconut 2 oz. finely chopped dates or raisins Cook dates and raisins in melted coconut cream over low heat until soft.

Stir in soya flour or ground porage oats. Mix well. Form into balls and roll in dessicated coconut.

K

J a n n a w a y

SULTANA SLICE 8 oz. wholemeal flour 5 tsp. mixed spice 3 oz. Tomor pinch salt 3 oz. sultanas soyamilk/water to mix 2 tsp. baking powder Mix dry ingredients. Rub in Tomor. Mix to a soft dough with a little soyamilk or water. Bake in a greased tin for 15-20 mins. Gas Mark 5 - 6 . (name please) * Moulinex coffee grinders are very useful and can be bought in various sizes with liquidizer attachments. *Soya flour should be bought pre-heated - all branded makes and most others now are.

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FEEDING THE FAMILY The article in the last "Vegan" on helping the elderly to plan menus that will supply necessary nutrients with the minimum of money, time and labour, seems to have been well received, but what of the problem of parents? It is a matter of great rejoicing that we now have many children of all ages associated with the Society but parents, generally speaking, have to manage economically and it is not easy to meet the demands of children who not only need health-giving foods but also help with the social difficulties of growing up in a world where most of their fellows have very different eating habits.

Children vary considerably in their needs and their development. Hereditary factors are decisive: small parents will tend to have small children, however they feed them! Generally healthy appearance and happy, lively activity are often better signs of adequate diet than increase in size. Nevertheless, if a child does not gain weight steadily, its diet should be reviewed with the help of expert advice.

It is very important to understand that while children obviously need more protein, comparatively, than most adults, they also need more energy providing foods. Usually they are more physically active and, if their energy needs are not met by the cheaper carbohydrate foods, the more expensive protein foods will be 'burned off' for energy and not be available for body building.

Also it is important to remember to serve cereals and pulses together so that maximum use can be made for body building of the various amino acids present.

The chief difficulty for young children being raised on a vegan diet lies in the fibrous nature of plant foods. While this is now being recognised as of great value as preventive of many of the diseases of our affluent society, small digestive systems may have difficulty in dealing with enough bulk to extract sufficient nutrients. Therefore plant milks are advisable at least until the second teeth are in use. They can be made at home (see Vegan Dairy Section of our publication "Introduction to Practical Veganism", 60p. inc. p. & p.).

Cytacon and Adexolin drops can be added to give essential B12 and A and D vitamins but great care must be taken not to exceed the recommended dosage.

Commercial plant milks are convenient but expensive and they do not all contain added vitamins. The plant milks must be accompanied by increasing proportions of a variety of plant foods:- whole cereals, nuts, pulses, fruit and vegetables with good amounts being eaten raw.

As the child grows older and able to deal with bulk the plant milks can be phased out and nourishment taken in a form suitable for adult digestive systems. Then arises the problem of what to drink! Fruit juices are expensive and take money better spent on raw fruit. Water is undoubtedly the best drink but difficult to impose if tea and coffee are taken habitually by the adults in the family. In fact it is important to plan all the menus of adults so that children can share them. Meal times can thus become happy social events and much of the difficulties associated with requiring children 'to eat what is good for them' 22

can be avoided. It is most important not to have battles over food.

As to quantities these are bound to vary greatly with individual children.

Useful guide lines can be found in the easy to follow table at the end of our publication "Vegan Nutrition" by Drs. Ellis and Sanders. However, it must be remembered that these are based on 'Recommended Intakes' which are influenced by the dietary habits of our omnivorous culture. If levels are not reached parents should not be worried so long as the children are obviously thriving.

BREAKFAST is an important meal especially for school children. The high value of muesli can be lost if it is eaten too quickly, so we have devised a recipe for 'muesli biscuits' which can be munched while the child is getting ready or on the way to school if there is no time to breakfast properly. They should be followed by a raw apple to cleanse the teeth.

LUNCH Here again emotional factors can play a very important part.

Fortunately nowadays packed lunches are allowed in most schools. Every effort should be made to provide vegan children with lunches that are objects of envy rather than pity! Economy of time, labour and money should be waived as far as possible. With skill and imagination on the part of their parents, their packed lunches can help vegan children to be apostles of veganism. Practical suggestions and recipes as well as inspiration can be had from Diana Virgo's excellent article "Caring and Sharing" in our booklet "The Vegan Way" - see page!6of this journal. Concessions in the direction of processed food are justifiable - e.g. vegan crisps, sesame bars, peanuts, smoky snaps and Plamll Foods Ltd. 's Carob Fruit and Nut bars. Home made vegan soya cheese (made with oil instead of margarine) can be given many different flavours by the addition of herbs (experiment to find those your child likes.) This and home made peanut butter and home made pate, spread on 100% wholemeal bread, can be the mainstay some days, but 'sausage' rolls (see our Festive Recipe sheet) Sosmix 'sausages' and 'Cornish pasties' with nut, lentil and vegetable filling can add interest and variety. Dried fruit, quickly made cakes such as the fruit cake (given on p. 23 Autumn '82 "Vegan") or fruit in season can provide the dessert course, with raw carrot and apple to cleanse teeth at the end of the meal.

SUPPER To offset the expense of filling the lunch box, the extra-energy giving foods plus protein of high biological value can be provided cheaply at supper time by:- potatoes cooked in a variety of ways (potatoes have zinc as well as good quality protein); rice pudding - well cooked whole rice, made creamy with soya flour and a little oil and flavoured with raisins; savoury rice - see recipe page; apple dumplings (see our quick and easy recipe p. 25 savoury pancakes filled with salad and pulses; lentil pies and lentil and vegetable stews; beans on toast; soups made from whizzed potatoes, soya flour and flavoured with sautered tomatoes or onions.

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Good helpings of salad should accompany these dishes. Nuts, though expensive, should be included in the diet; they are best eaten raw, grated or chewed properly, or whizzed into cream to go on puddings. Sunflower seeds which are much cheaper can replace nuts sometimes, especially in cooked dishes.

Vegan parents can be much encouraged by the obvious health of life vegans now adults and by the changing attitude of those doctors, health visitors,and nutritionists who have studied the diet.

Above all is important that parents should enjoy life with their children, and be fully aware that helping them to grow into life-affirming adults is the most whorthwhile, as well as the most demanding, of jobs, and one which regretfully lasts all too short a. time.

R E C I P E S MUESLI BISCUITS 6 oz. 100% flour 3 oz. seeded raisins 6 oz. porage oats 4 oz. apple 2 oz. soya flour 4 | oz. oil 3 oz. currants 7 oz. water 2 oz. sultanas I hpd. dstsp. molasseS or malt Soak seeded raisins in hot water until soft (10-20 mins.) Mix dry ingredients together. Whizz in blender seeded raisins and water, oil and molasses. Add more water if necessary to make a spreadable mixture Spread on to two oiled baking trays 8" x 12". Bake until crisp. About 30 mins. at 300째-350째F. Mark in squares while warm.

CORNISH PASTIES - VEGAN STYLE - 4 pasties 2 oz. lentils or split peas 2 oz. cold potatoes 2 oz. sunflower seeds 1 teasp. - or more to taste yeast 2 oz. carrots extract (high in B12) 2 oz. onion 3 Tabs, oil Herbs to taste Cook finely sliced onion and diced carrots in the oil until soft. Add rest of ingredients. Make pastry cases by stirring 3 oz. of oil and 3 oz. of water into 8 oz. of wholemeal flour , to which 1 teasp. of baking powder has been added. Roll out pastry into 4 ovals between sheets of thick polythene. Heap filling on half the oval. Fold over. Seal edges. Bake 20 mins. or until nicely browned at 375 F. PEANUT BUTTER: Bake peanuts - make sure they are fresh and dry and without mould - at the bottom of the oven until a rich brown colour. Grind into a fine powder. Mix with oil to a spreadable consistency.

24

SAVOURY RICE - 2 servings: 4 oz. brown rice 4 oz. onions (or to taste) 1 Tabs, sultanas 3 Tabs, oil " " 4 oz. carrots 1 teasp. Barmene (or to taste) 1 pint water 2 Tabs, soya flour Simmer rice in water until soft, by which time water should have been absorbed. Add more water if necessary. (Shake but do not stir.) Add cooked carrots, sultanas and finely chopped onion lightly fried in the oil. Dissolve Barmene in 3 Tabs, of water and stir in soya flour to make smooth cream.

Mix well with rice and other ingredients, Cook in medium oven (325 F) for about 20 mins. - do not let dry up.

APPLE DUMPLINGS - ( 2 - 3 servings) 2 oz. water 4 oz. 100% flour 2 oz. oil 1 teasp. baking powder water to mix - 2 - 3 oz.

1 oz. soya flour 12 oz. cooking apples Cut apples into big pieces. Cover with 1 pint water in 2 pint saucepan and bring to boil. Mix dumpling ingredients to a soft dough that will drop off the spoon on to the apples. Cover with lid and turn down to simmer 5 - 1 0 minutes (test with knife to see if cooked through). Serve with syrup.

(Warning:- dumplings will soak up a lot of water so mind apples do not go dry.)

FUTURE MEETINGS Saturday, January 22nd 11.00 - 5.30: 61 Lewisham Hill, Lewisham, London SE. 13 (short walk from Lewisham Station and 'buses. "The Vegan Diet for Beginners". Lectures and Demonstrations. Tickets (ÂŁ3.00 including lunch and tea time meal) must be bought beforehand from 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

Saturday, April 23rd: Vegan Diet Course, in co-operation with Richmond (Surrey) Adult College. Learn from expert lecturers and demonstrators and enjoy talking with like minded people in pleasant surroundings. Full details from 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey. S.a.e. please.

October 21st - 23rd: 1983 A. G. M. in Liverpool. Please note date.

LONDON MONTHLY MEETINGS at Friends House, Euston Road, opposite Euston Station, have been well enough supported to justify continuing them into the New Year. Room 9. Jan. 17th, it, Feb^lst, March 21st. Details Alpay Torgut, 25 Tabley Road, London , N. 7.

Also at 61 Lewisham Hill, Lewisham, on every third Wednesday, beginning in November 1982. Social evenings - all welcome.

25

V E G A N C A M P - I19 8 at Port Eynon, Gower, Wale

John StrettleOrganiser's Report: Eleven families took part in this, the 2nd Annual Vegan Camp. And it was a success, thanks to their co-operation.

On some days family groups got together or went off singly in pursuit of their various interests - to Rhossili for instance or to Swansea City where the Eisteddfod was being held.

One day saw a group visit (all 38 of us - 19 adults and 19 children) to Qxwich Bay, to its church near the sea, its castle (unfortunately closed for repairs), the Information centre, the home where John Knott organised from. Some took the nature trail walk to Oxwich point. Some walked home to Port Eynon.

The main attraction was the beach, however, to all the children (and adults), and this was lazily enjoyed until the rain came down!

Each night of the camp saw a group get-together (held most thankfully inside Diane and Becky Virgo's tent on wet nights), where various topics of interest including camp activities were discussed.

A special delivery was made for the camp direct from Plamil Foods in Kent, including Plamil, Carob Bars, Pease Pudding, Rice Pudding, Carobean, supplies we were all most happy to find available. Profit from the sale of the items (about ÂŁ12) is being put towards the hire of a small marquee for group use at the camp next year.

It was regrettable that the site did not totally meet the needs of a family camp but, if you were dissatisfied a little, don't be put off for next year. Send for the info, pack as soon as possible.

All eleven family groups expressed a willingness and interest to come to next year's camp, arranged for a site called Butterflowers at Port Haverigg, very close to Millom in Cumbria, with the Lake District within easy reach.

Details from John Strettle - s.a.e. please.

Saturday, 5th August, 1982, saw the first vegan adventure holiday assembling at Castleton Youth Hostel. All were looking forward to a week of exciting and varied activities, combined with a circular tour of six Peak District hostels, finishing back at Castleton in a week's time.

There follows an account of the holiday by Sophia Howard aged 14 years (vegan since birth.)FOR 1983 OPPORTUNITIES SEE FOOT OF NEXT PAGE 26

PEAK ADVENTURE HOLIDAY 1982 We travelled from youth hostel to youth hostel, sometimes on foot and sometimes in the mini-bus. We went on a round trip start ing and finishing at Castleton, a village 10 miles out of Sheffield. We picnicked for lunch, cooked our breakfast and tea, and argued over whose turn it was to do the washing up.

Our leaders were Bob Brindley and Joy Stephenson. It was a small group.

Besides me there was my brother, Russell, and two other boys - Tony and Gavin. During the week we did several different activities.

We went for long walks in the countryside, but on two of the three days that we walked, it rained, and so we were glad of our waterproofs. On the other day, we swam as well as walked, and it rained then instead!

The rock-cl imbing was challenging. It looks so easy when other people do it but, when you try, it is very difficult. You find you are trying to hang on to the rock by one finger in a hairline crack while your feet are slipping on a sloping ledge. It is very scary sometimes, but you know you cannot fall because you have a rope around your waist.

We went canoeing and learnt the different paddling strokes. Now I can do nearly everything except go forward in a straight line! We learnt to capsize (splosh gurgle splosh), and how to get out of the canoe underwater. We had a game of water-polo in our canoes. Then Richard wanted to get a good photo of us in our canoes, so he told us to stand up in them. We managed to do it by holding each other and the boats steady. When we had all stood up, Richard said, "Now let go of each other! " So we did - and we all fell in. So if you see a picture of us lot falling out of our canoes in next year's Peak Adventure Holiday brochure, don't laugh - it's difficult.

The next day we went caving in Bagshawe Cavern. It was very wet and muddy.

Russell and I only had one spare torch battery between us, but we did not need it. We found an underground stream, and the water in it was icy cold. One part of the tunnel was flooded, and the roof was less than one foot above the water, but we were wearing helmets so we did not bump our heads on the rock.

The water was over three feet deep and we could wade through it, but I swam.

It was so cold that it numbed our fingers as soon as we put them in. It was exciting in the cave, but I am not a mole and I was glad to get out. I think we would have got lost if we had not had a guide.

When the week was up we found that we were quite glad to go home and get our muddy clothes clean and dry. It may sound an awful sort of holiday to you, but I enjoyed it very much. And remember - it was meant to be an adventure holiday'.

Sophia Howard (14 years - life vegan) Adventure holidays for teenage vegans 11 - 16 years - May 29th to June 23rd and July 30th to August 6th, 1983. Apply Richard Larkin, 28 Ampthill Road, Liverpool. Please mention the "Vegan".

27

AFTER

THE

ANIMAL FILM

by Laurence Main Thursday, 4th November, 1982, was a milestone for Animal Rights. On that day the new fourth television channel screened "The Animal Film" and, for most people who watched it, the hideous cruelty of animal exploitation must now be an accepted fact. It demolished the foundations of the 'Old Jerusalem': it has given us the opportunity to engage in building the New. We could for example, use the two thirds of the Common Agricultural Policy budget that is at present used to support animal exploitation to restore tree cover.

As "Rucksack" - the magazine of the Ramblers' Association - points out on page 7 of its issue of October, 1981: "Sheep-grazing is now eroding our national parks. Since 1950, their numbers have increased threefold, as high subsidies have encouraged the keeping of sheep on the hills all year round."

By replanting our hills with native deciduous trees we would restore soil fertility as well as oxygenate the air, regulate the water supply, provide ideal food (fruits and nuts), raw materials, bio-fuels (crucially important when North Sea oil runs out), and healthy work of real use to our unemployed who, by returning to live in the countryside, could revive rural life. The nature of the funding should also protect our wildlife and improve public access by foot through the countryside. All that is needed is a change of attitude, the distinctly vegan spirit of co-operation with the rest of creation.

NUTRITIONAL

YEAST

Nutritional yeast often given in American recipes is now coming into shops in the U. K. If your Health Stores still does not stock it apply to Pat Brown Garden Flat, 10 Clyde Park, Redland, Bristol. She has sent us these notes and recipe Nutritional yeast comes as a golden powder or flakes and contains about 40% protein by weight and virtually no fat. It is very high in several of the B vitamins. Vegans would find it a useful source of riboflavin. It tastes cheesy.

YEASTY CRACKERS 2 cups of flour 2/3 cups of water or soymilk 2 tsp baking powder 3 tbs of vegetable oil \ tsp salt 1 tbs of soy sauce 1/3 cup of nutritional yeast 1 tsp garlic or chili powder if liked.

Pre heat the oven to 425째F Mix the dry ingredients. Add water, soy sauce and oil and mix to make a stiff dough. Roll out thinly - 1/16 th of an inch.

Cut into shapes and bake until golden brown - 7 - 10 minutes.

28

LETTERS

EXTREMISTS '' An extremist is a supporter of extreme doctrines. Some vegans retard the promotion of Veganism by being extremists.

We are inspired by the great Christian principles of compassion for the afflicted and caring for the inadequate and the poor. These principles make life tolerable. Is one then a heathen because one does not 'turn the other cheek to an aggressor ?

The great principle of Veganism is the belief that our fellow earth-dwellers, the animals, the birds and the fishes, were not created to be eaten. This belief stands, in spite of Nature itself being 'red in tooth and claw'. It is an ideal that appeals to us in our higher flights of thinking, but am I an 'unbeliever' if I refuse a vegetable oil margarine because it contains also a modicum of whey? Must I be an extremist and put it back on the shelf in the supermarket? If I enjoy the smooth purity of white bread to break the monotony of the coarseness of wholemeal bread, am l a 'back-slider' or a weakling?

Victor Hugo relates an incident when a pregnant woman, who was burned at the stake as a heretic, gave birth in the flames. The babe rolled out from the fire. A 'believer' threw it back. Even in this modern age a certain order of Monks whip themselves to defy the yearnings of the flesh.

I live with a fellow earth-dweller. He is a tom-cat. I do not deny him his carnivorous appetite. I wear leather and wool when substitutes are not available. I do not discomfort my friends by refusing their cooking. But I claim to be a vegan. I never eat food of animal origin when I can avoid doing so. I am NOT an extremist.

by D. W. Stewart 1

BAD EFFECTS OF COW'S MILK I wish there were some way of telling people of my experience. When I was a baby I could not digest cow's milk and as an adult I avoided it until I was pregnant and decided to take it "fot the baby's sake". My baby was born strong and healthy, 8lb. l5oz. but from two days to 13 months cried almost constantly although he was breast fed - I was drinking cow's milk. When we tried to wean him on to cow's milk he vomited so we changed to soya milk. At two and a half he stays very well so long as we keep him off all dairy products.

G. Tull.

We regularly get reports of this kind - and there are probably many babies and mothers still suffering in ignorance. K. J. 29

W I N T E R AND T H E AGE OF TRUTH The festival of the Winter Solstice, on to which was later grafted the birth date of Jesus, has been celebrated with joy and gift-giving since pre-history as the turning point of the year, as Yule, Saturnalia, New Year's Day, Christinas, Epiphany. It is the time of the re-illumination of the Primordial Tree, macrocosmically by the re-born sun, microcosmically by the inner light of love, the holy spirit. Let us therefore celebrate this season according to its true significance and not with the usual commercialism.

Instead of exchanging material gifts with one another, let us distribute the equivalent amongst the various worthwhile charitable organisations trying to improve the planetary situation. Perhaps we can enrol friends in these groups.

Our materialistic society, based on the destruction and exploitation of nature, must transform or perish. We must remember the sacredness of all things, how all together comprise an infinite, interconnected Being that, when we harm the least part of that Being, we also harm ourselves. Let us express this realisation practically by giving to those groups trying to halt our desecration i of the planet.

Money is like seed, let us therefore sow it among groups concerned with poverty, hunger, alternative development projects, justice and human rights, spiritual and ideological dialogue and reconciliation, peace and non-violence, planetary consciousness and world order, trans-racial harmony and cooperation, ecologically viable farming, alternative medicine, healing and many others, as well as veganism and animal rights. It is up to each one of us to research the details with our fellows.

How fitting particularly to remember the trees at this time. How much we owe them. Are they not sacred also? Yet we are now destroying the last forests of earth to sustain our unnatural life-styles. The Tree is the universal symbol of wholeness, life, growth, interconnectedness, immortality, paradise and ultimate reality. Let us realise the foolishness of remembering this symbol with our plastic trees while the real ones are being destroyed. Let us give to groups working for their preservation.

Let us finally reconsider the particular issue of Christmas. Only the re-birth of the eternal power of perfect love can overcome the atomic menace spawned from a lesser alchemy. And what is Christ if not this love? This potentiality must be activated within each one of us directly for the age of Truth to come. This then is our challenge and our opportunity to fulfill the true promise of Christmas and the mid-winter season, to reify individually and collectively what is contained in our various traditional heritages as figures and symbols.

Tom Daffern London, Albion, September 1982 30

[

GMS

HOOTS mm

AVON: Margaret Woolford (23 West Way, Clevedon, tel. 877129) has had

address.)

31

THE NETHERLANDS: We have new vegan m (but they would appreciate advance notice) while they are also hoping to spread the vegan message amongst the Dutch people.

R E M E M B E R MORE GROUPS MEAN MORE MEMBERS VEGAN FAMILY ROUND ROBIN LETTERS The V. F. R. R was resurrected in September 1980, after a break of almost a decade. It now consists of two separate letters, circulating round a total of 35 families. However, all the families are kept in touch with each other by means of carbon copies of the letters and by occasional contacts lists. The V. F. R. R. is a useful way for members of the Vegan Society, who are perhaps feeling rather isolated either geographically or socially, to keep in touch with other likeminded people. People are able to recount their occasional problems and how they have managed to deal with them, share their experiences of bring ing up their children as vegans and support and encourage other parents. If you would like to be included in the V. F. R. R., please write to the co-ordinator : Lis Howlett, 72 Curzon Street, Reading, Berkshire, RG3 IDA 32

'Shopping with Linda' VEGAN FOOD NEWS (All items listed in CAPITALS below are free from animal products.)

Allied Bakeries: All SUNBLEST bread is now vegan and only vegetable fat is used to grease the tins.

Bovril Ltd. MARMITE still conforms and now has B added. 0.33' meg per 4 gm.

Baso Whole Foods: RICH WHOLEFOOD FRUIT CAKE, CHRISTMAS PUDDING, MINCEMEAT, MARZIPAN, JAMS AND CHUTNEYS. Mayonnaise is not vegan.

12

Mellow Food Co. produce an extensive range of foods and toiletries: PURE

JUICE CONCENTRATES, JAMS, NUT SPREADS (PEANUT, SUNFLOWER, HAZEL, PEANUT AND SESAME AND TAHINI.) MIXES (TAMARI NUTS AND SEEDS, SPICY BOMBAY, TAMARI,SUNFLOWER SEEDS, PEANUTS AND HAZELS.) T. V. P. PRODUCTS (UNFLAVOURED AND 'BEEF' FLAVOURED. ' J ^ i ^ ^ ^ TOILETRIE S Mellow Food Co. LIQUID SOAPS AND SHAMPOOS. Coconut Grove Range CREME SOAP AND SKIN DRINK only. Ocean Boulevard Range - GARDENIA SOAP, ALMOND CLEANSER, AVOCADO MOISTURIZER CUCUMBER TONER only.

N. B. Mellow Food Co. have assured us that their products are not tested on animals.

Cournie Soaps: WHITE GLYCERINE AND TRANSPARENT GLYCERINE SOAPS. Also WASHING UP LIQUID. Suntona: BARILLA AND COLLEEN and, now, TARA OATMEAL SOAP. Nelsons: CA LE NDULA Modern Health: NATEX Potters: SPECIAL VEGETABLE OIL SOAP Weleda: ROSEMARY Janco: LIQUID SOAP (Multi-purpose) Faith: ORANGE SOAP AND BODY OIL. From October also ROSEMARY and LAVENDER. Chandore make an extensive range of perfumes and after-shaves, etc. We have been assured that they are all of plant origin and are not tested on animals. For full list of products contact: Chandore Ltd., Free Post, Mitcham, CR4 9AR. Vita Florum: OINTMENT, LOTION, MASSAGE OIL, TALCUM POWDER 33

Boots and Trebor have sent lists, too long to include, of products that they assure us are vegan. We plan to include some in a new Shoppers* Guide soon.

NON,VEGAN Martha Hill Sun-Barrier Foundation, Rouge Cream Gel and Lipstick Allied Bakeries: Tiger Bread contains milk powder Albion Soap does contain tallow. A lot of members had thought this soap was vegan.

Da mart: Several of their articles have only a small percentage of wool. Please write and ask them to leave it out: 263 Regent Street, W. 1.

FOOTWEAR Cycling Shoes: One member recommends football boots from Leonards Shops price £5.99. Cut off the nylon studs and they are just like proper cycling shoes. Ever get the feeling we can't be beat? We are winning more and more!

Linda Emptage, 40 Harold Road, Cliftonville, Kent.

TOTALLY SYNTHETIC "CB" WALKING BOOT Light weight yet robust, non-rot, maintenance free materials. New Klets tread .

Cushion insole for extra comfort.

Send £24. 95 plus £1. 50 p&p and we will rush you a pair. If not entirely satisfied, return unused within 14 days and we will refund money. Access or Barclay card accepted.

FULL SIZES 4-12 ONLY. WESTSPORTS 17 Fleet St. Swindon Wilts. Tel. 0793 32588 HELP THE EXCLUSIVELY VEGAN FIRM Where the health store is not carrying a full range of our products this is frustrating both to the vegan customer and to ourselves. May we therefore explain that all our products are easily available to any health store anywhere, either through the medium of health food distributors (used by 95% of health stores) or direct from ourselves.

If your local store is not carrying a full range of our products, then please act as our salesmen and ask your store to stock our product of your choice, e. g. our latest product Carob Fruit and Nut Bar. Specimen literature will gladly be sent on request. All our foods are exclusively vegan so you would be helping the vegan cause in general, and ourselves in particular, if you would kindly co-operate with us in this way.

Arthur Ling 34

ADVERTISEMENTS Please send to the Assistant Secretary, 9 Mawddwy Terrace, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, Nr. Machynlleth, SY20 9LW, Wales, by February 1st, 1983, for the next issue. Rate 5p. a word. Advertisers are asked to note that we are unable to deal with box numbers. PLEASE NOTE the following advertisements have been accepted in good faith and the Vegan Society cannot take responsibility in the event of any complaint. Editors reserve the right to refuse advertisements without giving explanations.

MEDITATION - Western Buddhist magazine presents a new and practical form of Buddhism for Westerners. All enquiries to: Western Buddhist, (Dept. C) 30 Hollingbourne Gardens, Ealing, London, W13 8EN. NEW AGE SPIRITUALIST CENTRE: This New Age Group meets at the Youth Hall, Station Road, Bishops Waltham, Hants, every first and third Sunday from 2.30 - 5. 30 p. m. Their Jan. /March programme is as follows: Jan. 2nd New Year Celebration; Jan. 16th "Healing Through Ley Lines" - Colin Bloy. Feb. 6th "Secret of Yoga" - Edward Resmini of the Kundalini Research Institute; Feb. 20th "Working with Trees" - Dusty Miller. Mar. 6th "Clairvoyance" ng. More information: CHASE SM3 - Liquid Extract of Seaweed. Soil Conditioner and Plant Growth Regulator. 4oz. bottle - 94p. to treat 100 sq.yds; 1 litre E5. 32; 1 gall. ÂŁ11.20.

CHASE Q. R. Compost Activator. Purely herbal and works by stimulation of bacteria already present in all vegetable matter used for compost making.

50p. small pkt. sufficient to treat approx. 2 tons material El. 50 large pkt. sufficient to treat approx. 10 ton material.

CWO available from ChaseOrganicsLtd., Gibralter House, Shepperton, Middlesex TW17 8AQ. WANTED - Members for new Active Animal Rights group in Islington.

Contact: 27 Monsell Road, N.4 (tel. 359 6225).

CAMA - Centre for Advice on Natural Alternatives, from birth control to feeding, schooling and medicine; ask us first! s.a.e. for details to: CAMA, Tyddyn y Mynydd (formerly Greenlands), Llanelly Hill, Gwent. (tel. Gilwern (0873) 831182.)

BIKE IT FRAME BAG - greatly increases the carrying capacity of the 'bike.

Lightweight PVC backed nylon ensures dry protection. Sits neatly in frame of bicycle - not on the back. Completely free of animal products. Reduced price details to: , mentioning "The VEGAN SOCIETY BADGES, pendants or brooches, 60p. plus 15p. p. & P - | | | | ÂŽ from 47 Highlands Road, Leather head, Surrey.

35

AHMSA - quarterly magazine of the American Vegan Society. Veganism, Natural Living, Reverence for Life. Calendar year subscription $8 or £4.

Address: 501, Old Harding Highway, Malaga, N.J. 08328, U.S.A. THE DRAGON PROJECT is breathing fire! Read all about it in THE LEY HUNTER, the leading international magazine of ley-lines and other Earth Mysteries. Send £3. 75 subscription to "The Ley Hunter", P. O. Box 13, Welshpool, Powys, Wales.

TAO - free leaflet. S.a.e. to Bookshop, 18A Bar Street, Scarborough YOll 2HT. RAW FOOD. Send s . a . e . to Vigilex, 18A Bar Street, Scarborough YOll 2HT for free leaflet describing its great value.

ANGLING - Please help us to end this most cruel of all blood sports. Write Dept. A, C. P . C . A . , P.O. Box 14, Romsey, S05 9NN. LIVE ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION, slaughtering of baby seals, wild animals torn to pieces by hounds, innocent animals suffering in factory-farm systems: "Flesh and Blood" magazine will show how you can help stop these atrocities.

To subscribe send £3.40 U.K., £4.50 Overseas, to: Caroline Productions, Dept. V, P.O. Box 32, Stevenage, Herts. SGI 3SD. THE SPROUTLETTER - a newsletter of useful and unusual information on sprouts, raw foods and nutrition. Send £14 (U. S. dollars) for an air mail subscription to the U. K. or $3 (U. S. dollars) for a sample copy of this bimonthly journal, to: The Sproutletter, P.O. Box 62, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. VEGETARIAN MATCHMAKERS: Discreet, inexpensive, postal introduction service exclusively for unattached adult vegetarians/vegans, nationwide.

(Clients from diverse walks of life; ages from 18 to sunset years.) Dreams could become reality for you too, by requesting details today from V. M. M., (Dept. VQ), 34 Bridge Street, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey.

A LOVELY WAY to support the cause! Beauty Without Cruelty cosmetics, perfumes, Christmas gifts, etc. All proceeds back into products for benefit of animal welfa literature, to: West Yorkshire SPIRULINA - Life Source Spirulina, the vegetable plankton superfood, now radionically potentised for extra assimilation. Highest protein and natural B12 source, rich in minerals and trace e lements. 100 x 500 mg tablets pure potentised Spirulina £3. 95 + 25p. p. & p. 4oz. tub pure potentized Spirulina powder on and book list to ESPERANTO - The international language helps to keep like-minded people throughout the world in touch with each other. For further information 'phone 01 440 3849.

36

HASTINGS AREA: Conscientious young woman seeks employment: Wholefoods/organic gardening/conservation/housekeeping/hotel - anything considered. Secret ng INTERNATIONAL PENFRIENDS for people interested in veganism, conservation, wholefoods, alternative medicine, yoga and related subjects. U.K.

NATURAL FAMILY PLANNI NG: If you need to manage your fertility, you need not use methods which have involved vivisection, which can harm women's health or kill the human embryo; nor need you use unreliable barrier methods. You can plan your family using scientific and accurate methods of female fertility observation and distinctively human powers of self control.

Periodic creative continence is the middle way between letting nature take its course and total abstinence. This highly effective method takes account of all individual cycle patterns and irregularities. Any couple able to study and observe can use it. We offer information leaflets and a wallchart of female cycles in exchange for four first-class letter stamps, to: N. F. P. (V), 38 Hampden Road, Hitchin Herts.

THE LONGDISTANCE WALKERS' ASSOCIATION welcomes vegan walkers who enjoy going a bit further. Local groups, walks programmes, marathons and "Strider" magazine. Send s.a.e. for full details to: Ernie Bishop, Membership Secretary, L.D. W. A., 4 Mayfield Rd. Tunbridge Wells, Kent.

TN4 8ES. THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY isn't just an award-winning tourist attraction. We sell books through the post too.

Please ask for our mail order booklist (25p. + s.a. e.), details of our courses and a leaflet for tourists to visit us. Write now to N. C. A. T., Llwyngwern Quarry, Machynlleth, Powys, Wales.

VEGFAM feeds the hungry via plant-based foodstuffs, leaf protein, seeds, irrigation, etc. The Sanctuary, Lydford, Okehampton, Devon.

(Tel. Lydford 203).

COMPLETE SET OF "VEGANS" WANTED -and we. could do with any early ones that can be spared. Please send details to the Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead Surrey.

37

HOLIDAYS

INVERNESS: Vegan/vegetarian accommodation in charming cottage on high road between Inverness and Nairn. Good tourist centre, .

NORTHUMBRIA: Vegan D. B. & B. Quiet riverside village, beautiful walking country, convenient Durham, Roman Wall. Children welcome. No dogs, no smoking. S.a.e. Crompton, 19 Beech Grove, Blackball Mill, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE17 7TD. (tel. 0207 561104).

RELAX IN WALES: Enchanting peaceful valley setting near Lake Bala.

Waterfalls, mountains, local walks or ideal touring centre. Friendly atmosphere. Home baking, vegan/vegetarian wholefoods. S.a.e. for brochure. The Rectory Guesthouse, Llanymawddwy, Machynlleth, SY20 9AB. (tel. Dinas Mav,ddwy (06504) 375) VEGAN VALT-EY offers you a warm welcome! Vegans holidaying near Dinas Mawddwy are invited to contact Laurence Main, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, Machynlleth, SY20 9LW (tel. Dinas Mawddwy 255) for local information and FREE GUIDED WALKS. Alight from the S18 'bus from Machynlleth at the Buckley Arms and walk towards the school.

Dinas Mawddwy Youth Hostel and Mr. Rees' campsite are both nearby.

Stock up on Vegan Society literature whilst passing!

THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY, Tel. Machynlleth (0654) 2400, offers vegan bed and breakfast. See classified advert, for full details. Restaurant and shop.

BEXHILL-ON-SEA: Small private house offering vegetarian or vegan bed r.

BRIGHTON: Wholefood vegetarian or vegan bed and breakfast in a very attractive, quiet, private house in Regency Kemptown, near the sea, The Marina, wholefood restaurants, good shopping. Brighton is a very good centre for places of interest and beautiful walks over the Downs or along the coast, (tel. 0273 683819).

CORNWALL: Self-catering, luxury first floor flat for vegans/vegetarians, overlooking Hayle Estuary. Sleeps 4/6. Vegan meals available. S.a. e. please to Blackaller, 'Meadlowlands', The Saltings, Lelant, St. Ives, TR26 3DL (tel. Hayle 0736 752418).

PENZANCE: Vegans welcome at the Olive Branch Vegetarian Restaurant, 3A The Terrace, Penzance (opposite Post Office). Open 10. 30 a. m. 2.30 p.m. and 5 p.m. - 7 p.m. Mons. - Sats. (Tel. 2438).

38

BOOST YOUR

HEALTH!

EASTBOURNE HEALTH HOTEL Sauna, solatium, etc. Vegan full or slimming menus 17 Burlington Place, Eastbourne, BN21 4AR Tel. (0323) 23604

'Once or twice a year we all need true relaxation to ease away stress' TRY A WALKING HOLIDAY. Laurence Main's guide books to A Somerset Way, A Bristol Countryway, A South Wessex Way, King Alfred's Way, A Wiltshire Way and A South Coast Way are available at £ 1.08 each (inc. postage) from The Vegan Society Ltd., 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, Machynlleth, SY20 9LW, Wales. Each order receives FREE leaflets on Backpacking/Hostelling the Vegan Way. MEXICO! Villa Vegetariana Holistic Health Spa, Box 1228, Cuernavaca, Mexico, (tel. 3-10-44). Free brochure and travel directions.

ISRAEL! Vegans are welcome at Phillip Campbell's Guest House, Amirim Vegetarian Village, near Carmiel, Galilee, Israel, (tel. 067 39045/39372.)

Orchards, vines, organic farming, healthy, dry, mountain air; yoga, folk dancing; excellent food and fine touring centre. Mt. Meron is 15 minutes drive away.

S. W. SCOTLAND: Self-catering chalet for vegans/vegetarians; sleeps six; peaceful surr egetables, fruit available.

DG5 4QA. (tel. 055663 MORE HOLIDAY ADDRESSES OVERLEAF M E E T I N G S OF O T H E R SOCIETIES ANIMAL AID, 111 High Street, Tonbridge, Kent.

Saturday, January 8th, 10. 30 - 4.30: "Teach In On Vivisection", Assembly Room, Westminster Central Hall. Speakers: Dr. Gill Langley, Dr. Robert Sharpe, Jean Pink. Admission 50p. Refreshments by the Vegan Society will be on sale.

NATURE CURE CLINIC, 15 Oldbury Place, London, Wl. Monthly on Wednesdays at 6.30 p. m. at Friends House, Euston Road opposite Euston Station. January 12th - "Iris Diagnosis" Torben Nordal, M. N. I. M. H.; February 16th - "Alexander Technique" Duncan Woodcock; March 16th,: Homoeopathy in Children's Complaints" Dr. Max Deacon.

Tickets £1. 20 from Nature Cure Clinic, address above, or at the door.

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COUNTRY HOUSE

VEGAN T-SHIRTS Superior white cotton, emblem as below, Green on white. Sizes 24,26 28 30,34,36, 38,42 &46 inch. ÂŁ 3.50 including p&p ALSO SAME DESIGN ENVELOPE SAVERS Re-use labels . ÂŁ1.20 per hundred, including packing and postage from L. Main, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, MACHYNLLETH, SY20 9LW

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Centre for Trossachs amid beautiful scenery Wholefood vegetarian and vegan guest house.

Elegant Victorian House in peaceful grounds with magnificent views Organically grown home produce.

H&C in all rooms. B&B and E. M Send stamp for brochure to Marilyn and Ian Roberts, Brook Linn, Callender, Perthshire.

TORQUAY

CORNWALL WOODCOTE

( Queen of the English Riviera ) BROOKESBY HALL HOTEL Hesketh Road. TQ1 2LN Tel. 0803 22194 350 yards from Meadfoot Beach, enjoying glorious sea views across Torbay, the hotel is situated in the exclusive Lincombe Conservation area, generally considered to be the loveliest part of Torquay. We offer restful holidays in beautiful surroundings coupled with imaginative and delicious Vegan and Vegetarian meals. Some rooms have private showers. Fully centrally heated. Full details from the Vegan Proprietress Mrs. Hilda Baker (stamp only please.)

Vegetarian / Vegan Hotel WHY NOT BE OUR GUESTS ? and for once experience a truly relaxing holiday in the West Country ?

WOODCOTE stands in its own grounds overlooking the tidal estuary and bird sanctuary of Hayle, and is | within easy reach of many fine beaches and coastal walks - the ideal centre from which to explore and discover the beauty of Cornwall !

On a personal note, those with tired and jaded palates need not despair for, as attentive hosts we ensure that you are offered an imaginative cuisine supported by a goodly measure of old fashioned personal service.

Also available, SELF - CATERING CHALET sleeps four.

Stamp appreciated for brochure - John 4 Pamela Barrett, The Saltings, Lelant, a . Ives. Cornwall.

TR 26 3DL Tel. 0736 763147 40

WELCOMES VEGANS Lakeland's strictly Vegetarian Guest House offers a warm and hospitable welcome to Vegans. Come to us to relax, to walk and climb, to absorb the tranquility of Orchard House and the Lake District. We have a peaceful garden, a warm and comfortable home, delicious and different food and we are situated in superb Lake District country. We ask .Vegans to give us a week's notice if possible.

Brochure from

Monty Alge and Keong Wee,

(Stamp appreciated)

O r c h a r d House,

Borrowdale Road, Keswick on Derwentwater, Cumbria Tel.(0596) 72830

MILK THAT'S v..

NEVER EVER SEEN A COW!

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It's 100% vegetable ... made from the soya bean and packed with protein and goodness. Its production involves no exploitation of animals. The flavour is quite deliciousâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;all the family, particularly the children will love it. You can drink it on its own as a super health drink or use it on breakfast cereals, in coffee or tea or in dishes such as milk puddings and custards. What's more it will keep in the can just as long as you want to keep it. A wonderfully versatile and nutritious food ... Golden Archer Beanmilk by Itona. It's at your health food store.

'Golden Archer*

BEANMILK The

Milk

That's

100%

Non-Animal

C R A N K S H6ALTH FOODS

William Blake House, Marshall Street. London W1

CRANKS CRANKS CRANKS CRANKS CRANKS

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Heal's, 196 Tottenham Court Road, W.1 Shinners Bridge, Dartington, Devon Peter Robinson, Oxford Circus, W.1 The Market, Covent Garden, W.C.2 35 High Street, Totnes, Devon

PLAMIL SOYA PLANTMILK not instead of breast-milk, but on weaning and through the rest of life provides important nutrients including B12, CALCIUM & PROTEIN. High in polyunsaturates.

All Plamil products are guaranteed exclusively vegan.

List and recipes (SAE please) from Plamil Foods Ltd. Plamil House, Bowles Well Gardens, Folkestone.