The Vegan Winter 1991

New Series. Vol.7, No.4

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The Vegan Society's

ANIMAL-FREE

SHOPPER 1ST EDITION

£ 4 . 5 0 + 4 5 p p&p A shopping guide for those wishing to buy goods which are entirely free of animal ingredients and involve no animal suffering.

• handy pocketbook format • multiple outlet quick reference guide • glossary of animal substances • useful addresses

• • • • • •

thousands of entries background information mail order addresses animal-free criteria guidance on additives suggested reading

Send a cheque/PO payable to 'The Vegan Society Ltd' for £ 4 . 9 5 to: T h e Vegan S o c i e t y , 7 B a t t l e Road. St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex T N 3 7 7AA 2

The Vegan. Winter 1991

3 \

Editor: Richard Farhall Vegan Editorial Committee: Amy Austin, Adrian Ling, Tim Powell Design and production by Kate Bowen & Craig Wilkinson Printed by Friary Press, Dorchester on Greencoat Matt and Repeat Offset The Vegan is published quarterly

by The Vegan Society Ltd Publication Date: March, June, September, December Copy Date: 1st of preceding month ISSN 0307-4811 Š The Vegan Society Ltd The views expressed in The Vegan do not necessarily reflect those of the Editor or of the Vegan Society Council. Nothing printed should be construed to be Vegan Society policy unless so stated. The Society accepts no liability for any matter in the magazine. The acceptance of advertisements does not imply endorsement. Contributions intended for publication are welcomed, but unsolicited materials will not be returned unless accompanied by an SAE.

SOCIETY The Vegan Society Ltd 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-onSea, East Sussex TN37 7AA Tel. and Fax. 0424 427393 Registered Charity No. 279228 Company Registration No. 1468880 VAT Registration No. 448 5973 95 President: Arthur Ling Deputy President: Amy Austin Vice-Presidents: Serena Coles, Freya Dinshah, Jay Dinshah, Cor Nouws, Donald Watson Council: Harold Atkinson, Amy Austin, Terry Bevis, Harry Bonnie, Lance Cruse, Adrian Ling, Arthur Ling, Tim Powell, Rick Savage (Chair), Carl Turner Joint Hon. Treasurers: Harold Atkinson Terry Bevis The Vegan. Winter 1991

General Secretary: Richard Farhall Office Manager: Amanda Rofe Administrative Assistant: Kathy McCormack Employment Trainee: Keith Bird Hospital Liaison Officer:* Tim Powell Prison Liaison Officer:* Sandra Battram Local Contacts Co-ordinator:* Terry Bevis * Denotes voluntary posts Veganism may be defined as a way of living which seeks to exclude, as far as possible and practical, all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing or any other purpose.

In dietary terms it refers to the practice of dispensing with all animal produce — including meat, fish, poultry, eggs, animal milks, honey, and their derivatives.

Abhorrence of the cruel practices inherent in dairy, livestock and poultry farming is probably the single most common reason for the adoption of veganism, but many people are drawn to it for health, ecological, spiritual and other reasons.

If you would like more information on veganism a free Information Pack is available from the Society's office in exchange for an SAE. The Vegan Society was formed in England in November 1944 by a group of vegetarians who had recognized and come to reject the ethical compromises implicit in lacto-(i.e. dairy-dependent)vegetarianism and consequently decided to renounce the use of all animal products.

If you are already a vegan or vegan sympathizer please support the Society and help increase its influence by joining. Increased membership means more resources to educate and inform.

Full membership is restricted to practising vegans, as defined above, but sympathizers are welcome as associates of the Society.

Both members and associates receive The Vegan free of charge.

The Vegan Society Trade Mark is the property of the Vegan Society Ltd. The Society is prepared to authorize the use of its trade mark on products which accord with its 'no animal ingredients, no animal testing' criteria.

Applications for use should be addressed to the General Secretary. Unauthorized use is strictly forbidden.

Contents News

The Louise Wallis Interview 16 The story behind the story The Vegan Way 17 The launch of a vegan building company

The Leather Issue 6 An overdue tanning COMA 1991 Implications

1992 Calender A gift for your notice board

18

Growsense Winter gardening

21

8

Festive Recipes

Dressings, Dips &Sauces Some tips

22

Contacts News Activity reports

24

Towards the Vegan Ideal of Genesis 10 A shift in Christian teaching

Postbag Over to you

25

Reviews

26

Shoparound 12 The new product scene updated

Publications & Promotional Goods 28

Young Vegans 13 Season of goodwill?

Lab Animal Suffering Exposed A Vegan Society member goes undercover

Noticeboard

30

Information

31

Classified

32

14 Illustrations by Suzanne Whitelock, Juliet Breese and Amanda Rofe Cover by Mark Thatcher

News 'Superporker' Quest Over the next ten years, researchers in eight countries will attempt to unravel "the entire genetic structure of domestic swine". The aim of the several million pound project, known as 'PigMap', is to produce "leaner, more productive s o w s and tastier piglets" — "superporkers". However, it is expected that the study will also highlight similarities between the "human and porcine constitutions."

"Pigs could then become models for testing new drugs for men and women. In particular, pigs suffer from a type of hypothermia that is close to the type suffered by humans and this similarity is already being investigated, with a view to exploiting it medically."

The Observer 4.8.91 'Chairsay' returns in the Spring 1992 issue.

Turkey Leaflet A festive turkey leaflet — produced jointly by the Vegan Society, the Vegetarian Society, Compassion in World Farming and Chickens' Lib — is available for local distribution at the following prepaid prices (p&p incl.): 100 — £1.75; 5 0 0 — £5.95; 1,000 — £ 1 0 . 5 0 .

Cheques/POs should be made payable to 'The Vegan Society'.

Order early! Send your order, with payment, to: Festive Turkey Leaflet, Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA.

Clamp Down A report published by Harper Adams Agricultural College suggests that small dairy farmers could be forced out of business because they cannot afford to spend up to £ 5 0 0 a cow to improve anti-pollution facilities.

The new regulations, to be enforced by the National Rivers Authority, mean that virtually all intensive livestock farms will have to spend large amounts on improving slurry and effluent storage facilities to prevent pollution of rivers, streams and underground water courses.

Fanners who fail to upgrade sub-standard facilities face fines

of up to £2,000, but they can be fined up to £20,000 by magistrates, if they pollute rivers and streams with effluent. Liquid manure, toxic liquor from stored silage and large quantities of milk can devastate fish and other aquatic life in ponds, streams and rivers.

Daily Telegraph 26.6.91

support for "controlled animal experiments". The initiative will include visiting schools to "help children understand how animal experiments are carried out and their vital role in research."

The Times 21.8.91

Close to Home

More bad news for fish-eating 'vegetarians' and other consumers of cold-blooded vertebrates: according to the results of new tests conducted by researchers at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, fish in the North Sea may be suffering more from pollution than previously believed.

Relatively high concentrations of metals such as cadmium, lead and arsenic exist in the Humber Estuary, the Thames and throughout the North Sea. All the North Sea flatfish examined were affected, some with a potentially pre-cancerous condition.

Daily Telegraph 29.8.91

Carcasses of pet cats and dogs, believed by their owners to have been cremated, have been used in the manufacture of animal byproducts. The skins of the dead animals have been exported to the Continent and Japan for clothes and orthopaedic aids.

According to The Independent, W Smith & Sons, a skin trader in Lymm, Cheshire, which collects carcasses from vets and the RSPCA, has been supplying dog and meat offal to Gilbert's Animal By-Products Ltd, one of Britain's largest animal feed producers.

The use of pets in animal feed is not illegal, but the law proscribes the use of animals in foodstuffs when they are "unwholesome".

Independent 17.8.91

Wferning

1991 AGM

The environmental think tank, the Worldwatch Institute, has warned that swelling world livestock production threatens the environment by promoting overgrazing, deforestation, water pollution and methane emissions that contribute to global warming. It recommends curtailing meat consumption in richer nations and ending government subsidies "which reached $120bn last year".

Members and associates are asked to note that this issue of The Vegan went to print before this year's AGM.

Metallic Fish

"World meat production has almost quadrupled since 1950. In nations such as Belgium and France, animals produce more waste than the land can absorb.

Over-grazing has affected 73% of the world's rangelands and pasture expansion is the single leading cause of Latin American deforestation." Familiar stuff to readers of The Vegan — but when will the decision makers do the necessary?

Financial Times 16.7.91

Under Pressure Eight medical research charities — including the British Heart Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, the Imperial Cancer Research Fund and the Cancer Research Campaign — have formed the Research for Health Charities Group to try to restore public

safety risk. Speaking at the BVA's annual conference in Torquay, he went on to say that people opting for free-range eggs did not always know they faced a greater risk from salmonella. Mr Hellig is a poultry vet whose biggest clients are producers of battery eggs and broiler chickens!

Guardian 21.9.91

Out 'Sabbing'

Animal-Organic Risks

Your highly-energetic Editor has recently spent some time at a number of prestigious bloodsporting events with members and supporters of the Hunt Saboteurs Association (HSA).

The so-called 'Glorious Twelth' of August turned out to be most inglorious for the grouse killers — fewer shooters (times be hard), virtually zero media coverage of the 'first (deceased) grouse of the season', and the "antis" to contend with. In North Yorkshire it took most of a morning to track down some shooters — the threat of disruption had caused many shoot organizers to postpone. Eventally a group was found but its startled members quickly retreated for a five-course lunch, leaving the beaters with a round of sandwiches and a can of Coke each.

The estate surrounded by nearly 80 saboteurs, the £1,000 a day shooting enthusiasts very wisely decided to give the rest of the day a miss. Similar success was had in Lancashire on the estate of the Duke of Westminster — Britain's wealthiest man and President of the Game Conservancy Council.

Howard Hellig, Vice President of the British Veterinary Association (BVA) has claimed that shoppers choosing meat, milk and eggs produced by green farming methods are exposing themselves to an added food

A somewhat longer trek in mid-September took your intrepid Ed to the annual Northumberland Beagling Festival. Regular sabotage has whittled this, the major event in the harehunters' calender, down

Desperate Times...

The Consumer and Information Section of the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC) has produced 'Learning Through Food', a primary school learning resource for teachers. So far 20,000 of the free packs have been published and its availability is being advertised in teaching journals. The 'Adopt a Butcher' scheme, in which butchers give talks and demonstrations to local schools, is still plodding on.

Phase Two of the MLC's 'Meat to Live' campaign aims to target "opinion formers — people in managerial, executive and professional posts".

Meat Trades Journal 22.8.91 & 5.9.91

4 The Vegan. Winter 1991

from four to two weeks. Every day (except Sundays when it's illegal to kill hares in England and Wales) 2 - 3 packs of beagles followed by men holding whips and wearing funny green jackets and what looked very much like white long johns, ran in circles after solitary hares! Fortunately, even without saboteurs present at some meets the kill rate is usually low — scent in September is invariably poor.

After 1V2 weeks a combination of unfavourable weather conditions and persistent sabotage resulted, in just two hares being killed.

As you read this the official hare and foxhunting seasons will be well under way. For details about hunt sabotage contact: Hunt Saboteurs Association, PO Box 1, Carlton, Nottingham NG4 2JY. 0602 590357.

Medicinal Milk Dutch scientists at the University of Ledien claim to have engineered the world's first dairy cow to carry human genes. A single gene carrying an antibiotic normally found in human tears has been inserted into the eggs of Friesians and then implanted back to the mother cow.

Researchers hope to harvest the substance, called lactoferrin, from cow's milk to produce a cheap antibiotic for treating gastro-intestinal infections in humans and diseases such as mastitis in animals.

It is expected that the first milk carrying human antibiotic will be available in 1992.

The Times 28.8.91

EVU Congress The Vegetarian Society (UK) hosted this year's European Vegetarian Union Congress at Chester. Vegetarians and vegans from Europe, North America, Australia and Asia met together for a very full programme of lectures, workshops and social events.

It was good to see so many people from Eastern Europe — Czechoslovakia, eastern Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Estonia, Lithuania and Russia were all represented. In many of these countries, even vegetarianism is not yet well established, so it was especially gratifying to meet vegans and would-be vegans from them.

There seemed to be a high proportion of vegan participants in general, from the UK,

5 The Vegan. Winter 1991

Australia, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and Sweden. It is encouraging to learn that since the last International Vegan Festival in 1990 people in France, Germany and Italy have started to set up their own vegan societies, no doubt encouraged by the Vegans International network.

Barbara Gamsa-Jackson

Record Breakers In September, Candian vegan singer Bryan Adams broke a 36year-old record by topping the British charts for the 12th consecutive week with '(Everything I Do) I Do It For You'.

Also in September, Carl Lewis (who announced he was a vegan, and had a vegan meal prepared for him on 'Daytime UK' on 26.10.90) broke the world 100 metres record at the Tokyo World Athletics Championship with a time of 37.5 seconds. Britain's milk-promoting Linford Christie came fourth.

Guardian 23.9.91

In Brief

APPEAL

• Nearly 14% of all calves bom in Denmark, 120,000 a year, die within four to five weeks. Nitrate poisoning is blamed for half the deaths. Scientists say fodder treated with ammonia or grown with the aid of nitrogen fertilizers is to blame.

Farmers Weekly 9.8.91 • Chickens are being blamed for an estimated 6 million cases of salmonella poisoning a year in Germany.

Farmers Weekly 26.7.91 • More than 30% of cows culled in Holland were slaughtered because they failed to become pregnant.

Farmers Weekly 26.7.91

If you have qualifications or expertise in the fields of health or nutrition which you feel would be of use to the Society please contact Richard Farhall on 0424 427393.

'Mad1 Birds?

German scientists have claimed that a condition closely resembling bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) caused the deaths of three ostriches in German zoos. It is the first reliable report of a BSE-like condition in birds.

The three ostriches were fed vegetables mixed with poultry feed and raw meat from slaughterhouses.

Daily Telegraph 11.9.91

Sobering At this years annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Sir Crispin Tickell, former UN ambassador and now warden of Green College, Oxford, gave a sobering opening speech in which he warned that it was doubtful that the predicted world population of eight billion people in 2025 could be fed. He explained further that the amount of food available depended on how much plant food was converted into animal protein.

"If we were all vegetarians and shared our food equally, the world could support six billion ...

But if one-third of our calories came from animal products, as in North America today, then it would only be able to sustain 2.5 billion."

Daily Telegraph 27.8.91

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THE GREAT BRITISH MEATOUT

CHRISTMAS FAYRE 1991 SUNDAY 1 D E C E M B E R 1991 Kensington Town Hall Hornton Street London W8 (Near Kensington High Street tube) Noon-5.00pm

Admission: 50p adults; 25p 5-15 years. Unders 5s free Organized by the Vegan Society, CIWF, Animal Aid and VSUK Stands and food The ideal Xmas shopping opportunity!

Some stand space should still be available — commercial concerns should ring 061 928 0793; non-commercial 0730 64208

I

remember someone once telling me that the animal rights movement is more concerned with class conflict than with concern for animals. He supported his accusation by pointing to our high-profile c a m p a i g n s against hunting and shooting, and the wearing of fur coats, while we appear to neglect angling and the wearing of leather — activities which are far more widespread, but far more affordable.

Perhaps my friend had read the following piece by Germaine Greer writing in The Independent Magazine (13.1.90): "the reasons for the animal liberationists' campaign against fur . . . seem, on the face of it, to have very little to do with animal liberation and a lot to do with class antagonism. No attempt has kbeen made to discredit the wearing of 'leather, which has increased in Britain during the Eighties, perhaps because a concerted campaign against leather would bring home to most English people just how much they had to lose if they really espoused animal rights." It is a cynical view and I don't accept that it is true for the vast majority of those who campaign for an end to animal abuse. I prefer to believe that our pre-occupation with 'soft' issues has more to do with what appears to be extreme and obvious cruelty, and a natural tendency to engage in more easily won battles.

The campaign against leather will be more difficult and face more resistance than any other animal abuse issue

But what has any of this got to do with vegans — after all, vegans don't wear leather (okay — most of them don't!)?

The answer is simple. If most vegans have chosen their way of life because they detest all forms of animal abuse it is they who "really espouse animal rights", and it is they who must bring home to people (not just the English) the obscene cruelty inherent in the production of leather, and it is they who must inform them of the very real practical alternatives which exist.

THE LEATHER ISSUE David Lane urges us to give the leather industry a long overdue tanning 6

Resistance There can be no doubt that the campaign against leather will be more difficult and face more resistance than any other animal abuse issue. Leather is an incredibly versatile material, virtually everyone uses it, and it is very big business. If that's not enough, its use dates back at least 600,000 years and it has played a significant part in the development of human civilization! But, as The Vegan. Winter 1991

Dave Macauley writes in The Animals' Agenda (Sept/Oct 1988), "However, what has been for centuries a family trade, an art, and a means of survival for indigenous people is now a highly profitable business that depends upon the death of millions of animals each year".

The acceptability of leather, even amongst many in the animal rights movement, is probably due largely to the perpetuation of myths and ignorance surrounding its production. Of course ignorance is bliss — few meat eaters would care to know the real history of a veal cutlet, and have you ever tried to persuade a vegetarian that there is cruelty in the dairy industry?

Leather production is intimately bound up with the obscene cruelty of the dairy/veal industry Myths The first myth to dispose of is the "byproduct" one, as in, "Whilst people continue to eat meat, it is only respectful to the animal not to waste its skin." This memorable quote is from Fiona Weightman of Lynx! Forgive me if I state the obvious when I point out that this stance also suggests a moral obligation to use the animals' blood for fertilizers and pet foods, to use its hair for brushes and to stuff furniture, and to use its horns, hooves and bones to put into everything from sweets to soap. The point is that every last part of the animal is sold and used, not out of respect for the animal or to avoid waste, but to make the whole bloody business profitable. The skin alone represents something like 10% of the a n i m a l ' s total value which, it seems to me, makes it pound for pound the most valuable part of the unfortunate creature. I see no difference in principle between buying a pair of leather shoes and buying a piece of steak.

The term "by-product" is misleading.

It suggests something which has little consequence in itself and which is only produced incidentally in the making of something else. But, I suggest, even if everybody stopped eating meat tomorrow there would still be a huge demand for leather products, and animals would still be slaughtered in large .numbers to provide them — even though the price would rise dramatically.

The second myth has to do with suffering. For many, a fur coat will immediately c o n j u r e up an image of a blood-soaked baby seal or of a fox suffering in agony in a leg-hold trap; the animal is recognizable and its pain cannot be ignored. The wearer is bla7 The Vegan. Winter 1991

tantly indifferent to the suffering they cause. Maybe it's a pity that there is nothing much about a leather coat or a pair of shoes which really resembles an animal. Of course, if pressed, a user of leather will tell you that it comes from old cows which probably spent contented lives down on the farm. Quite apart from the fact that there is no such thing as an old cow, the leather used to make shoe uppers, jackets, gloves and wallets usually comes from very young animals — chiefly calves. The very best quality leather, the softest and most desirable leather is made from the skin of an unborn calf. Leather production is intimately bound up with the obscene cruelty of the dairy/veal industry which keeps cows in an almost constant state of pregnancy, takes calves from their mothers soon after birth and subjects the calves to the most appalling trauma and suffering of transport and confinement just to satisfy a human desire for tender meat and soft leather. The cruelty involved in leather production can be no less severe than that involved in fur production, but the scale is vastly greater.

Crocodiles and alligators are caught with giant hooks or are clubbed to death with hammers 'Specialities' Although cattle hides provide the source of most leather, the skins of goats, sheep, pigs and deer are also widely used. Speciality leathers are made from alligators, lizards, sharks, snakes, crocodiles, kangaroos, ostriches and many other species. The kind and severity of abuse and the method of killing the animals who possess these valuable skins varies according to species. In South Africa one abattoir processes 700 ostriches a day, while in many parts of the world crocodiles and alligators are caught with giant hooks or are clubbed to death with hammers.

Elsewhere snakes are skinned alive.

I write this article in the hope that vegans will be better prepared to argue the case against leather from both an ethical and a factual standpoint.

However, experience has shown that rights and wrongs and the explosion of myths often isn't enough. Many people, even when convinced of the truth of all the above, refuse to accept that there is any alternative to leather — especially for their feet! The 'vegan from the ankle u p ' is not uncommon and generally gives two reasons for his/her position — lack of comfort or practicality, and environmental or ethical concerns for the alternatives.

Excuses The first objection is perhaps the hardest to overcome. In many ways it is reminiscent of the difficulties we all faced when we first decided to become vegans; it was neither comfortable nor practical. I hated soya milk, and I didn't like vegetables much either! Now I drink soya milk neat and I love v e g e t a b l e s (but not sprouts!). The point is that taste is acquired and the body a d a p t s to a change of lifestyle given time . If canvas shoes are impractical in some circumstances there are always synthetic or rubber alternatives to leather. I used to find plastic shoes unbearably sweaty; now I d o n ' t — my feet have b e c o m e accustomed to them.

Tanneries... produce some very unpleasant pollutants including lead, zinc, formaldehyde, dyes and cyanide-based chemicals The second objection, concern for the environment, seems, on the face of it, to be a valid concern. After all, we all like to do our bit for the e n v i r o n m e n t !

However, the details can b e c o m e extremely complicated. If we accept that we must wear something on our feet then we must also accept that there will be consequences for the environment.

Certainly, natural fibres such as cotton appear to be preferable to either leather or synthetic materials, but in any case most shoes have synthetic soles. W e know about the pollution associated with plastic, but is the production of leather, a 'natural' material, pollution free? No, of course not. Tanneries not only stink, they produce some, very unpleasant pollutants including lead, zinc, formaldehyde, dyes and cyanide-based chemicals.

If all else were equal we might conclude that on environmental grounds leather shoes are marginally better than synthetic ones, although the point would be debatable. But things are not equal.

They are nowhere near e q u a l . T h e leather industry depends upon the deaths of hundreds of millions of animals each year, and as vegans, that must be our primary concern.

The campaign against leather is probably the most c h a l l e n g i n g of all vegan/animal rights issues to address, but up until now it has been badly neglected as a campaigning issue. Let's do something about it!

For f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n about the leather issue and for details of alternatives to leather, contact: Campaign Against Leather & Fur (CALF), BM Box 8889, London WC1N3XX.

T

his report is the product of a Panel set up by COMA (the C o m m i t t e e on M e d i c a l Aspects of Food Policy) to review the Recommended Daily Amounts (RDAs) of food energy and nutrients. The RDAs were set in 1979 by a p r e v i o u s C O M A Panel, and were defined as "the a v e r a g e a m o u n t of the nutrient w h i c h s h o u l d be p r o v i d e d per head in a group of people if the needs of practically all members of the group are to be met". This definition was used in an attempt to make it clear that the amounts r e f e r r e d to are a v e r a g e s f o r a group of people and not amounts which individuals must consume.

This may still be confusing: said another way, RDAs were set at a high level, considerably higher than the average requirement for an individual, to ensure that they w o u l d b e e n o u g h to c o v e r the needs of any individuals with a requirement considerably higher than average.

Report on Health and Social Subjects

Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy

'Non-Starch Polysaccharides'

HMSO

COMA 1991

EARS The first change to the RDAs in the 1991 C O M A report was in t e r m i n o l o g y . The emphasis has been s h i f t e d f r o m the old R D A concept to a new concept, that of the EAR. The EAR, or Estimated Average Requirement, is the best e s t i m a t e which can be made of the a v e r a g e r e q u i r e m e n t , f o r a group of individuals, of a particu l a r n u t r i e n t . C O M A 1991 suggest that EARs might replace R D A s f o r use on f o o d labels: many foods currently have labels w h i c h e x p r e s s their n u t r i e n t c o n t e n t b o t h as g r a m s or mill i g r a m s — w h i c h are hard to interpret unless you are a nutritionist — and as a percentage of the R D A for that nutrient. EARs are smaller than RDAs, so that the effect of changing to EARs would be to increase the proportion of the 'requirem e n t ' for a particular nutrient which is supplied by a particular food.

R D A s have not really disappeared.

Another new unit called the Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI) has been introd u c e d . T h i s is very similar to the old RDA, and is set considerably higher than the EAR as an amount that will almost certainly be adequate for anyone.

The Recommendations So, apart f r o m the c h a n g e s in t e r m i nology, what are the recommendations and what, if any, are the implications for vegans? The biggest change here over the previous report is the increase in the 8

which is supplied by soya, rapeseed, walnut and linseed oils and by leafy vegetables and whole wheat products. The long chain fatty acids found in fish, and those found in meat, are described as "not strictly essential fatty acids".

The Panel concluded that fat should supply about one third of energy requirements, and that about a third of this should be saturated fatty acids, while linoleic and alpha linolenic acids should supply at least 1% and 0.2% of energy requirements respectively.

Sensible vegan diets are easily compatible with these suggestions.

REPORT ON DIETARY REFERENCE VALUES Tim Key assesses the implications for vegans

number of nutrients which are discussed in detail, from 10 to 40. The 1991 report therefore covers all important nutrients and is a concise, reliable source of a wealth of useful information.

Fat In recent years there has been increasing interest in the possible benefits of consuming fatty fish or fish oil preparations, and even some claims that the ' l o n g chain o m e g a - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids' in these oils are essential. The 1991 COMA report states that the essential fatty acids are: (1) linoleic acid — which is richly supplied by most vegetable oils such as sunflower, corn and soya; and (2) alpha linolenic acid —

"The Panel supported the proposition that the term 'dietary fibre' should become obsolete . . . and that specific evidence in relation to non-starch polysaccharides would be reviewed." As you might guess, these are known as NSP, and are what we should be talking about instead of fibre. The Panel concluded that NSP are effective in preventing constipation, but that their possible b e n e f i t s for preventing other bowel diseases, for weight control and for beneficially affecting blood cholesterol were less compelling. They proposed that adult diets should contain an average (for the population) of 18g per day of NSP. The possible adverse e f f e c t s of very high intakes of NSP on the absorption of minerals such as calcium, iron, copper and zinc were discussed, and it was concluded that the effects are generally trivial unless the intake of phytate or oxalate is also high. The Panel advised caution in the use of sources of NSP containing phytate, particularly unprocessed wheat bran, and especially in elderly people.

Vegan diets are typically rich in NSP and in phytates — from whole grains, nuts and seeds. Some plant foods — spinach, rhubarb, cocoa — are also rich in oxalates. There is little evidence that this seriously affects mineral absorption from sensible vegan diets, but vegans would be wise to consume wheat mostly as bread (the leavening process destroys a lot of the phytate) rather than raw as in muesli, and not to add a lot of unprocessed wheat bran to their diets.'

Vitamins B^ and D In general, there are no big surprises in the EARs for vitamins and minerals.

There is now a British reference value The Vegan. Winter 1991

»

for vitamin B 1 2 : the EAR ranges from 0.25 micrograms per day in infants to 1.25 in adult women and men. For vitamin D the reference intake is around 10 micrograms per day in young children and in the elderly, but for older children (4 and above) and adults who live a normal lifestyle no dietary intake is necessary, since ample vitamin D is supplied by the action of sunlight on the skin. Some interesting information is given on sunlight: sunlight in Britain will not generate vitamin D between the end of October and the end of March; for the rest of the year, 60% of the effective solar radiation occurs between 11 am and 3pm; cloud cover and shade reduce the effective solar radiation by about 50% and 60% respectively.

Calcium I should like to end with calcium. The COMA report spends considerable space discussing the importance of calcium and the difficulties in setting any reference intakes for this mineral. The EARs that they propose range from 400 mil-

ligrams per day in infants up to 750 in teenagers and then down a little to 525 in adult women and men. These are quite similar to the previous British RDAs and therefore represent a moderate increase in the amount of calcium that COMA thinks we need. British vegan diets typically supply an average of around 500 to 600 milligrams per day: intakes are usually lower in women than in men due to a lower food intake, so it is likely that a lot of vegan women have calcium intakes below the EAR. Acute calcium deficiency has not been reported in vegans, but it is possible that long term problems such as thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) could result from a low calcium intake.

There is an urgent need for more information on this subject. Researchers at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School are currently conducting a study of calcium intake and bone density in vegetarian and vegan women [Ed. See 'Noticeboard', Autumn 1991 Vegan].

More vegan women are needed for this study, so please consider helping if you are a women aged 35-45 and live within

FESTIVE CREAMY CASHEW NUT BAKE Filling 1 large carrot, diced 2 sticks celery, diced 1 large onion, finely chopped 1 large parsnip, diced 75g cashew nuts, roughly chopped 25g vegan margarine Sauce 500ml soya milk 25g vegan margarine 25g cornflour 3 teaspoons vegan bouillon powder Topping 75g rolled oats 25g chopped cashew nuts 25g vegan margarine Filling: Heat margarine in large saucepan and saut6 onions, carrot, celery and parsnip for 4-5 minutes.

Mix in cashew nuts and set aside.

Sauce: Melt margarine in a saucepan and add cornflour. Mix well. Cook for 1-2 minutes. Then gradually add milk in small quantities beating well with a wooden spoon to avoid lumps until all the milk is used up. Sprinkle vegan bouillon powder over and cook until

9 The Vegan. Winter 1991

reach of L o n d o n . C o n t a c t :

As discussed in a previous issue of The Vegan in 'KeyNotes on Nutrition', the richest vegan sources of calcium include dark green vegetables, tahini made from 'unhulled' sesame seeds, fortified soya milk, and bread or flour other than wholemeal (fortified with calcium), with moderate amounts in tofu, oranges and most other foods except the emptycalorie foods.

The 1991 COMA Report ( ' D i e t a r y Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom') costs £11.50. A related publication, 'Dietary Reference Values — A Guide', costs £5.75. Both are published

by HMSO. Mail and telephone orders: PO Box 276, London SW8 5DT. Tel. 071 873 9090

RECIPES

thick and creamy. Topping: Rub margarine into rolled oats and add cashew nuts.

Layer vegetable mixture and white sauce in a deep greased pie dish ending with a layer of sauce. Spread with topping. Bake for 45 minutes at 200 °C/400 °F (Gas Mark 6).

MINCESLICES

dough mixture. Bake for 15—20 minutes at 200 °C/400 °F (Gas Mark 6). Allow to cool slightly and cut into slices.

These are quite filling so the thinner and smaller the slices the better (especially after a heavy Christmas meal!).

CHRISTMAS PUDDING

125g firm tofu 75ml vegetable oil 50ml maple syrup or 50g raw cane sugar 1 teaspoon salt 250g wholemeal flour lOOg rolled oats lOOg chopped mixed nuts 1 teaspoon baking powder 3 / 4 -l j a r vegan mincemeat greased baking tray

450g raisins 225g currants 225g sultanas 115g mixed peel 225g Barbados sugar 170g wholemeal breadcrumbs 55g wholemeal flour 55g chopped almonds 225g grated vegetable suet 285ml orange juice ! /4 teaspoon grated nutmeg '/2 teaspoon mixed spice

Mix tofu, vegetable oil, syrup or sugar and salt thoroughly. In a separate bowl mix flour, oats, nuts and baking powder. Combine this with the tofu mixture. If using a food processor blend for a few seconds until ingredients remain crunchy rather than smoothly blended. Press 3 / 4 of this evenly on a baking tray. Cover with mincemeat and top with remaining

Wash dry fruit. Place in a large bowl and add chopped peel, sugar, spices, breadcrumbs, nuts, fat and flour. Stir in enough orange juice to moisten and soak overnight. The next day add extra orange juice if necessary and pack tightly into a greased basin. Steam for 8 hours before the day. A further steaming of 2 - 3 hours on the day will improve the flavour.

TOWARDS THE VEGAN IDEAL OF GENESIS A

t the time when the Vatican was b e g i n n i n g to speak out on the ecological crisis, in 'Solicitudo Rei Socialis' (1988) and in the P o p e ' s 1990 N e w Y e a r M e s s a g e , the W o r l d Council of Churches has had a parallel p r o c e s s of c o n s u l t a t i o n s on the same subject under the theme 'Justice, Peace and the Integrity of Creation'. Both the Vatican and the W C C are continuing a long, biblical tradition of prophecy about making true the relationships between G o d , p e o p l e and n a t u r e . They both revive an a l l - e n c o m p a s s i n g vision of G o d ' s creation that our contemporary world needs.

In the New Year message, John Paul II pointed out that the ecological crisis is a moral problem, basically one of solidarity with the whole of creation. In ' S o l i c i t u d o ' , he had written that one thing we need to do is realize "the appropriateness of acquiring a growing awareness of the fact that one cannot use with i m p u n i t y t h e d i f f e r e n t c a t e g o r i e s of being, whether living or inanimate — animals, plants, the natural elements — simply as one wishes, according to one's own economic needs. On the contrary, one must take into account the nature of each being and of its mutual connection in an o r d e r e d s y s t e m " (para 34). In a recent speech the Pope pointed out that, in The Bible, God's breath is the life not only in humans but also in non-human creation, so undermining the popular, but ill-defined idea that only humans have souls.

Within the WCC, a meeting of theologians in Annecy, France, in 1988 considered the moral status of non-human life in more detail. The theme of its report, ' T h e Liberation of L i f e ' , extends "the world-wide plea for peace and justice to all creatures, whom we humans need in order to exist, and who are valuable in and for themselves and to God."

Two Christian Traditions T h e earliest Christian records have a religious vision in which everything is created by Christ and redeemed by Him, for example: "God wanted all perfection to be f o u n d in Him [Christ] and all things reconciled through Him and for Him, everything in heaven and everything on earth" (Col 1:19-20). However,

10

Dr Robert Hamilton, a teacher of marketing in a university school of management, examines recent Christian teaching on the moral status of creation and discovers some important messages for the modern world

• avoiding entertainments that demean animals, e.g. circuses.

This report gives the WCC the chance to make an adjustment to the pragmatic compromise on meat-eating that goes back to the rainbow covenant of Genesis. It is an adjustment that many people, Christians and others, think is long overdue.

another tradition has an exclusive, Godman view: "We have been taught" Justin Martyr says in 150 CE, "that God did not make the World aimlessly, but for the sake of the human race." In this humancentred vision the non-human had no moral stature in itself. As Aquinas writes: "According to the Divine ordinance the life of animals and plants is preserved not for themselves but f o r man. Hence, as Augustine says, 'by a most just ordinance of the Creator, both their life and their death are subject to our use'". This has been the dominant vision within Christianity for many centuries.

Vegan Ideal of Genesis

New Moral Rules

This ideal is adapted, but not rejected, after the flood. In a society seemingly addicted to meat, personally and socially, the authors of Genesis sought a compromise to allow the eating of flesh "so that", as Calvin puts it, "we might eat it without a doubtful and trembling conscience". Meat eating was permitted, but only if the reverence due to life that God created was maintained by avoiding blood, the symbol of life (Genesis 9:114).

This became a religiously and socially approved rule for applying the general vision of Genesis, which is, in the words of Robert Murray, the biblical scholar, that "We are fellow creatures of everything else in the cosmos; we have no right to destroy, but we have duties to all, under God to whom we are responsible".

The rule was important. It is included in the four essential rules for gentile converts laid down by the early Church: "you are to abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals and from fornication" (Acts 15:29). St Paul seems to disagree with his "of course all food is clean" (Rm 14:20), but whatever his meaning, he was not authorizing cannibalism or

The modern, sorry treatment of animals on farms, in abattoirs, laboratories, sport and entertainments and the linked envir o n m e n t a l threats, have prompted a reconsideration of the status of nonhuman animals. The Annecy report is the first official statement which speaks in detail on the treatment of animals, and which o f f e r s precise moral rules.

Liberation of life, it concludes, is about the integrity of the eco-system, the maint e n a n c e of biological diversity, and justice and peace for individuals, people and animals.

On our relationship with individuals, human and non-human, the report wants Churches to break out of the habit of ignorance and study how animals are treated today and how this treatment departs from the respect due to God's creation. Some ethical guidelines are r e c o m m e n d e d f o r Christians. In summary these are: • a v o i d i n g p r o d u c t s that have been cruelly tested on animals; • a v o i d i n g c l o t h i n g , e.g. fur, that involves cruelty; • a v o i d i n g eating meat produced in intensive farm systems;

The vision of a perfect world at the beginning of Genesis contains the divine command to eat a vegan diet. "I give you all the seed-bearing plants that are upon the whole earth, and all the trees with seed-bearing fruit; this shall be your f o o d " (1:29). This moral ideal of Genesis receives modern scientific support in Gill Langley's recent (1988) book, Vegan Nutrition, which brings together the research evidence on vegan nutrition.

Pragmatic Compromise

The Vegan. Winter 1991

disregard of the rules on eating animals.

Paul accepted the Genesis compromise though he chose to be a vegetarian: "since food can be the cause of my brother's downfall, I shall never eat meat again in case I am the cause of a brothers

downfall"

(ICor.

8-13).

Possibly, like Daniel, he opted for a vegan diet (Dan 1:13). In The Bible, eating animals has many moral pitfalls; the vegan ideal avoids all these, and is unconditionally pleasing to God.

New Compromise Annecy offers a new compromise. As in Genesis, it is based upon observation of the contemporary world. There is still a personal and social addiction to meat, but now the animals are produced in intensive systems as machines, where virtually every natural form of behaviour is thwarted. The systematic deprivation and the cruelty involved is seen by Annecy as devoid of the reverence due to God's creatures. A new rule about eating animals is recommended: to avoid factory farmed animal products and instead eat animal products " f r o m sources where the animals have been treated with respect, or abstain from these products altogether".

This moral rule means it will be very difficult for a Christian in Europe to find acceptable poultry, eggs, veal and pork; beef, fish, milk and milk products will require careful choice. When higher prices are asked for the morally better animal products, as often happens, the choice between God and Mammon is raised in a new way. As a solution to these practical problems Annecy offers the option of abstaining from animal products. Put positively, Annecy suggests the ideal vegan diet of Genesis, which is morally better, nutritionally at least as good and usually cheaper than a meat based diet. There is no such thing as a problem without a gift for us in its hands.

Closer to the Ideal Annecys' new moral rule can be only the first step. There are imperative reasons for raising our moral sights higher and making the new compromise much closer to the ideal of Genesis. One is the lack of sufficient reason for killing. A second is the need to feed the world's population. A third, linked to the second, is the ecological threat to forests and grasslands from farm animals.

It is very difficult, in Europe, to eat animal products and not support factory farming. It is almost impossible to eat meat and avoid supporting hunger in the world and the ecological destruction. It is impossible in Western countries to have sufficient nutritional reasons for taking the life of any of God's creatures.

11 The Vegan. Winter 1991

For these reasons, there is a need to revise the Genesis compromise that was worked out in a different situation to the world of today. Annecy is in the right direction, but, as stewards of the beauty of G o d ' s creation, there is an urgent need for us to move much further along the road towards the vegan ideal of Genesis.

References • 'Liberation of Life'. Consultation Repoit for the Church and Society of the World Council of Churches, France, September 1988.

• Thomas Aquinas, 'Summa Theologia', 2, Question 64, Article 1.

• Karl Baith, Church Dogmatics, vol 3, part 4 ("The Doctrine of Creation ). 352-56. Eds & trans. A T Mackay el alii. T & T Clark, 1961.

• J Calvin, Commentaries on the First Book of Moses, vol 1.

• Justin, 2 Apology 4.

• G Langley, Vegan Nutrition: A Survey of Research, The Vegan Society, 1988.

S h o p a r o u n d Annie Brosnan surveys the latest vegan products

In Between In the Snack Department I have a couple of reversals to bring to your attention; one in favour of veganism and one against.

Delighting in the evocative name of Wholemeal Scooples, this new snack from the

Lambourn Food Company Limited will, by the end of 1991, replace the current lactose (a milk derivative) with fructose (an alternative acceptable to vegans). The snack is made with organic wheat oats and barley and can be served hot and cold with sweet or savoury toppings.

First it was After Eight Mints that were cruelly snatched from the hands of eager vegans [Ed. See the Animal-Free Shopper],

and now it is Jamesons Raspberry Ruffles and Ruffle Bars. It would appear that Cadbury, the manufacturer, are about to stan using carmine in these products. Oh well!

Hot From Patak Spices comes a range of ready-made vegetable meals. The "mouthwatering vegetable curries" come in four different varieties, two of which are suitable for vegans: Potato and Pea Curry, and Vegetable Curry (or A l o o Mattar Sabzi and Masala Sabzi for the initiated!).

Those wanting to spice up their own home cooking can now turn to Bart Spices for organic herbs and spices. This new range includes the more commonly found herbs and spices such as Coriander Seed, Cumin Seed, Oregano and Sage.

Liquid Refreshment From Disos, claiming to be the only company offering wines approved by the Vegetarian Society, come two new French wines which, I am enthusiastically assured are also vegan. One is a red wine, the other a white.

(I am no wine expert, and anything I try to say to describe the wines properly would sound silly!) The claims continue — produced without the use of any chemical additives, stored in barrels that are not made with animal-derived glue, and only available from independent shops and some restaurants.

Available on request is a list of stockists in any area, so feel free to contact Disos at: 50 Springfield Road, Gatley, 12

Checuile, Cheshire SK8 4PF. Tel. 061 428 7666.

G u s t o must rank as a wonder drink like few others, if any! It is a blend of Amazon guarana, two kinds of ginseng and, unique to Gusto, a herbal concoction intriguingly called Mind Peak.

Altogether a most uplifting and stimulating experience!

Famous Name It's really quite trendy to be on the veggie bandwagon right now, so it's not very surprsing to find someone like Linda McCartney donating her name to a range of vegetarian foods from manufacturer R o s s Y o u n g . These include Beefless Burgers, Golden Nuggets (whatever they are!) and Ploughmans Pasties, all of which are apparently vegan as well.

Gone A reader writes that Brewhursts has had to stop importing Soy mage 'cheeses' until the manufacturer has meet UK packaging and labelling requirements.

you're away! The company is also working on a combined shampoo and conditioner bar, so watch this space!

Face W e l e d a has developed a vegan companion to the non-vegan Deep Cleanser called Aknedoron Lotion. So beware the one and use the other — I have found that it does work quite well on its own, or with any other cleanser in the normal cleansing routine.

Finally Feet From the vegan boot manufacturers Designer Wares: Designer Wares and the factory in Italy have worked together to produce a new improved boot. The improvements incorporate a totally new tougher synthetic suede, extra padding, a moulded inner sole, the latest sole unit and also, responding to public demand, the colour has been changed to a two-tone olive green. Sadly, due to higher production and postage costs the price has had to rise to £45.00 inc. post and packing. Contact: Designer Wares 0274 483390.

Hair Simply Herbal has come up with a shampoo in the form of a bar. Just stroke it over the hair until you get sufficient lather — shouldn't be long — and then

For an up-to-date AnimalFree Shopper errata slip please send an S A E marked •AFS Errata' to the Vegan Society office.

Five Thousand Vegeburgers to go!

M^

Mama Mia! Pomodoro and Sansovina are two of the products now available in the UK from the Cipriani camp — founders of the world famous Harry's Bar in Venice.

Pomodoro, made purely from pulped tomatoes, is excellent as thick tomato sauce, and Sansovina is a tomato and basil sauce.

In addition, there is range of fruit jams which includes Raspberry, Strawberry, Apricot, Plum, Pear, Bilberry, Peach, Fig, Apple, Orange and Mandarin flavours.

The Vegan. Winter 1991

Y I L L N G F EG Death and Suffering Christmas time, supposedly a time of good will to all men and women, is tainted with the suffering and death of vast numbers of animals. In the UK over I6V2 million turkeys this year will die to satisfy the lust for animal flesh. The consumption of eggs and dairy products will rise to satisfy the compulsion for milk and cream in puddings, trifles, cakes and chocolates. Millions of pounds worth of animal-tested cosmetics and toiletries will be bought and given as gifts to unsuspecting friends and relatives. Pets are often given as gifts only to be discarded shortly afterwards when owners realize they cannot really look after the animals properly.

What We Can Do The first thing is to show people that it doesn't have to be this way. There are other things to eat which are just as delicious and filling and there are other (animal-free) presents which we can give and enjoy. I have included two easy-to-make gifts here which Auntie Freda, Uncle Dick and the rest of the clan won't be able to keep their hands off.

If you will be visiting relatives or eating at home with other non-vegans don't despair.

There are plenty of scrumptious meals you can prepare which will make you the envy of everyone. Be sure to make more than you can eat because you can guarantee someone will want to try your food. On page 9 there are recipes you can use for a main Christmas meal. If you want more then just send us an A5 size stamped addressed envelope marked 'Recipes Good Enough for Santa' and we will send a selection. If you hand these recipes out to friends and relatives in good time for Christmas they may (with a bit of encouragement) use them instead of some which include animal products. Also, the Vegan Society, together with Compassion in World Farming, the Vegetarian Society and Chickens' Lib, are printing thousands of leaflets which tell the truth about the turkey trade at Christmas. If you can, please buy some and distribute them to anyone and everyone (see 'News' for details).

Get Colouring Maggie Allen has kindly sent in a picture to colour. You should find a copy in this issue of The Vegan. You could put it on your school noticeboard or anywhere where people will see it.

SPECIAL

CHRISSIE P R ESS I ES to make

PEPPERMINT CREAMS

GINGER SNAPS 50g vegan margarine 200g golden syrup 200g plain flour 2 teaspoons ground ginger 15g raw cane sugar 1 /2 teaspoon bicarbonate of soda 1 - 2 tablespoons soya milk pinch of salt

Amanda Rofe

Grease a baking sheet with oil or margarine and dust lightly with flour. Sieve the flour, ginger and salt into a basin and add the sugar. Melt the fat and syrup then add the soda dissolved in a little soya milk. Add this to the dried ingredients and mix well.

Roll or press mixture thinly on a floured board.

Cut into small rounds and mark the top with a fork to give an attractive pattern.

13 The Vegan. Winter 1991

Bake at 375 °F (Gas Mark 4) for 15 minutes. Allow to cool.

455g icing sugar 4 dessertspoons soya milk 1 - 2 teaspoons peppermint essence Sift the icing sugar to remove all lumps and mix with remaining ingredients to form a stiff paste.

Knead paste for 5 minutes.

Pinch off small portions and flatten with your fingers so they are 1/2—1 cm thick. Cut into small rounds with a thimble or sweet cutter and leave to dry in a warm place overnight.

The peppermint creams and ginger snaps can be placed in large glass jars.

To decorate the jars simply tie a coloured ribbon (approximately 2 cm wide and 65 cm long) in a bow around the top.

And there you have two super dooper, easy-tomake, special animalfriendly Chrissie pressies.

For seven months, Vegan Society member Louise Wallis worked undercover as an animal technician within SmithKline Beecham and then at St Bartholomews Hospital Medical School.

The text opposite comprises extracts from the first four sections of Louise's report, 'This is Vivisection in Britain', published by the National Anti-Vivisection Society. It serves to highlight another good reason for adopting an animal-free diet and its beneficial spin-offs for health.

LAB ANIMAL S1IEFERING EXPOSED Whilst m a n y h u m a n diseases medical researchers attempt to alleviate — if not cure, are the result of genetic disorders or environmental influences, still more can be attributed to 'lifestyle' factors — especially diet. Hospitals and doctors' waiting rooms are full of people who have, unwittingly or not, damaged or weakened their bodies as a result of an excessive or extended reliance on animal-derived foodstuffs. The widespread promotion of a wholefood vegan diet — low in saturated fat, high in fibre, high in vitamins and minerals, low in sodium and free from cholesterol — by health p r o m o t e r s and those in positions of influence would, in due course, go a long way towards reducing the 3 million recorded animal experiments carried out in Great Britain every year.

14

The Vegan. Winter 1991

"An important role working with animals..."

This heading appeared in an advertisement in a free Hertfordshire newspaper . . . appealing directly to those people who "enjoy contact with animals of all kinds". The distinctive SmithKline Beecham logo appeared at the bottom.

The date was 11th April [1990] and this is effectively where this story began.

The intention was not to seek out a sensational side issue to which most people are already sympathetic, but to attack head-on the vivisection industry's last line of defence and our biggest obstacle yet — medical research.

Additionally, it was time that rodents, especially rats and mice (who account for 75% of all laboratory animals in the Government's annual statistics), were given proper emphasis.

Although as a trainee Louise Wallis' duties only ever involved cleaning-out, feeding, and generally looking after the animals, the full-time nature of the job meant she had unprecendented access to information concerning experiments and, of course, actually witnessed many being performed. As well as keeping a detailed diary of her experiences, valuable evidence was obtained in the form of photographs and perhaps most uniquely, video footage of experimental animals clearly suffering.

1 General Background 1.1 SKB at Stock From her diaries, Louise Wallis writes: I answered the advert to SmithKline Beecham, and after two interviews began work on 10th September 1990 at their Toxicology Unit at Stock, Essex.

At Stock the law allows rats, mice and beagle dogs to be forcibly given varying quantities of drug . . . to assess potential side-effects.The buildings are surrounded by two perimeter fences, with video cameras placed at strategic positions, and security guards operate 24 hours a day.

In December 1990, after my training, I was informed that in the New Year I should be receiving a Home Office licence which would enable me to conduct experiments myself. Obviously it was time to leave . . .

1.2 Biological Services Unit at St Bartholomews Medical School I spent the last two months of my investigation at the Biological Services Unit (BSU) at St Bartholomews, starting work on Friday 1st February 1991. After the sinister precision-controlled, hightech, sterile environment at Stock I was amazed by the delapidated conditions at St Bartholomews.

Individual vivisectors are referred to

15 The Vegan. Winter 1991

as "customers" and are allocated a customer number. I was assigned to look after the rats and mice in Room 332, used by the Experimental Pathology dept.

The research work receives some central funding from bodies like the Medical Research Council but much is funded by the private sector.

1.3 Day Release Once a week I attended a day release BTEC course in Animal Technology at Bamet College. This brought me into direct contact with animal technicians from other laboratories. More importantly, it gave me an insight into the theory behind the practical training of a vivisector.

2 Caging & Travel As I walked through the security gate at SmithKline Beecham's (SKB) Toxicology Unit at Stock, Essex, on my first day I didn't know what to expect. I was based in 'SI7', a modem purposebuilt rodent unit capable of housing thousands of rats and mice in sterile conditions.

In common with other animal establishments, SKB use standard laboratory caging to house rodents — small, plastic moulded boxes with bare white walls and removable wire lids. These cages are stored in "batteries" 4 or 5 rows high, with the animal at the bottom in virtual darkness whilst those at the top face the glare from artificial lights.

In the wild, rabbits are normally social animals but at St Bartholomews Medical School in London they were kept in solitary confinement in cramped metal cages with perforated floors and no bedding. Bored and frustrated, most had lost interest in their surroundings, sitting hunched in the far corner of their cage. A few, however, constantly struggled in a futile attempt to escape and clawed furiously at the door . . . I was told by a senior staff member that laboratory rabbits actually develop brittle bones through lack of exercise. . . . cannibalism amongst rodents is not uncommon and mothers will often devour one or more of their own babies, sometimes even the whole litter.

However, by far the most distressing environment I saw was that inhabited by the beagle dogs at SKB in Essex. It is well-known that dogs enjoy stimulation and play yet, as our film and photographs demonstrate, at Stock they were caged in bare metal pens with concrete floors, and no bedding except for a scattering of s a w d u s t . . . Their only relief from boredom was the measured 400 gms of dry pellets they received once a day.

Another problem was the dogs' iden-

tification neck chains. They were frequently chewed off and lying on the floor of my dogs' pens — sometimes they had been eaten.

One day when I was working at Stock a delivery of beagles arrived and I helped unload and carry them into their pens. The dogs had travelled in the back of a van packed two to a crate and were terrified after their ordeal, most were foaming at the mouth and one had vomited during the journey.

2.1 Routine Mutilations Animal experiments undoubtedly desensitise the people who conduct them. The gradual degradation of compassion is exhibited by the practice of mutilation as a form of identification. Adult rats and mice are identified numerically by having holes or semi-circles punched into their ears. This causes intense pain to the animals who often squeal loudly, especially if the ear-punch happens to be blunt.

Baby mice may have one or more of their toes cut off with a pair of clippers.

The bleeding is stemmed by applying a powder to aid coagulation. I witnessed this savage procedure . . . at Stock and was left utterly nauseated. Although only a day old, the painful cries were clearly audible.

3 Internal Controls Break Down Countless thousands of animals suffer unnecessarily each year as animal technicians learn new or routine techniques.

SKB run two day training courses for new animal technicians at their Welwyn site and on day two of the course, participants are expected to kill a rat with a lethal injection and then practice bleeding techniques on the still warm corpse. Obviously some do not manage to perform the injection correctly and the rat may take several minutes to die.

All too often animals are injured or made to suffer when things go wrong during the apprenticeship period. The 24 beagles dogs I looked after at Stock were subjected to frequent blood sampling from the jugular vein. Weekly blood sampling was misery for the dogs when one female technician took over.

She was out of practice and couldn't find the vein . . . On occasion they would urinate with fright and pain.

With dosing via the mouth it is easy to inject the lungs instead of the stomach, usually resulting in the animal's death.

On day two of a training course for new Home Office licencees, one of the trainees attempted to kill a rat by injection. He missed the peritoneal cavity and injected it sub-cutaneously instead, which caused a blister under the skin.

The instructor pointed out that this

would mean the animal would take longer to die.

During an orbital sinus bleed on rats which I witnessed, a technician inadequately anaesthetised a rat which cried out when stuck. The animal had to be returned to the gas chamber to be reanaesthetised.

SKB have regulations called Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) which lay down in writing how each procedure should be performed. In practice SOPs encounter a number of problems; for example technicians not wearing masks when they s h o u l d ; . . . they may take shortcuts. I was present when two people threw away excess compound away after miscalculating the amount required. One laughed, "You didn't see me do this!"

An administrative error at St Barts meant that mice were put into a rat cage because no mice cages were available; consequently they could not reach the water.

4 External Controls Break Down During my five months at SKB at Stock I saw no inspection by the Home Office,

THE LOUISE WALLIS INTERVIEW Vegan Society member Louise Wallis talks to the Editor of The Vegan, Richard Farhall about the personal side of her recent infiltration of the vivisection community R F Why did you decide to work undercover within a company involved in animal experimentation?

L W The world of vivisection is notoriously secret so people are often forced to adopt unorthodox methods to obtain m u c h - n e e d e d information. Working inside an animal laboratory means unlimited access to experimental animals and, of course, provides the opportunity to take covert photographs and video footage — certainly our most valuable campaigning material.

We (myself and the NAVS) decided to specifically target medical research as this is where the vast majority of laboratory animals are used; focussing especially on rats and mice (the most common lab species) who suffer greatly but generally have a low priority compared with more appealing creatures like dogs, cats and monkeys.

R F What preparations were involved before you applied for a job as an animal technician?

L W On a practical level, surprisingly very f e w . One precaution I did take, though, was to change my surname as drug companies usually subscribe to The Economic League, an organization which

16

and by virtue of my position I would have been notified of a visit. In two months at St Barts, I saw no inspection and in fact I was told by someone in authority that they could not remember the last time the Home Office Inspector had made an official v i s i t . . .

At St Barts, the vet visits the unit once every two weeks to inspect the experimental animals, but he hardly sees what happens. On one day when he was due to visit, I knew that several cages of severely paralysed rats happened to be downstairs out of sight. But for my insistence that the vet go down and examine them, these animals would have been completely missed. As soon as he saw the disgusting condition of these rats, he ordered them to be put down immediately.

It is clear that neither the Home Office Inspectors, nor the Named Veterinary Surgeons (as described in the [1986 Animals (Scientific Procedures)] Act) can give any guarantee of laboratory animals' welfare if they do not visit often enough. checks the names of prospective employees against their list of known animal rights activists. With hindsight, I should have devoted more time to mental preparation because although I realized I would witness some horrific sights and be unable to intervene, I underestimated the profound effect it would have on me.

R F How did you feel on your first day?

LW Nervous yet expectant, but also a little bit lonely as I found myself in unfamiliar territory with people I just didn't understand.

R F How did your colleagues treat the animals.

Were they as callous as you expected?

LW Yes, they were callous but most of them not consciously so. For animal technicians the process of complete de-sensitization is a rapid one and they soon become immune to the daily suffering they inflict. In fact, they often try to rationalize it to themselves. One senior technician proudly informed me that the beagle dogs he dosed with large quantities of drugs had a better life than most pet dogs.

These unfortunate beagles actually lived in miserable conditions, spending at least 22 hours a day confined in bare metal pens with concrete floors.

R F How did you reconcile your principles with the tasks you expected to perform?

vegan were

LW Throughout the investigation I remained true to my ideals, determined never to be a participant in what was happening, but an observer and eye witness.

As a trainee I was only ever expected to feed, clean out and generally look after the animals. Having also resolved to remain vegan, I took sandwiches for

VIVISECTION IN BRITAIN

Animals In Medical Research : An lim*sligation

Vivisection in Britain — which includes details of experiments witnessed by Louise — is available for 20p (p&p free) from: NAVS, Ravenside, 261 Goldhawk Road, London W12 9PE. lunch — consisting of either Spam-like Tofulini slices or Scheese and pickle rolls.

I always kept in mind the long-term objective which was to expose the animal suffering I witnessed and this really kept me going through some of the most distressing times.

R F How did you cope with the stress arising from maintaining your cover and trying to gather damning information at the same time?

LW It wasn't easy because in effect, I was leading a double life. At work I had to be constantly on guard and conscious of my every move in case I inadvertently let anything slip. In the evenings and at weekends I could relax and be myself, although it was very frustrating not to be able to attend any animal rights demonstrations (for obvious reasons!). My task was made much easier by the few close friends I had confided in. They definitely made life more bearable and were a great source of inspiration to me.

R F Were there any times when thought your cover had been blown?

you

LW Yes, twice — when I nearly got caught taking photos. On the second occasion I wasn't sure how much the person had seen but it turned out I was being paranoid. You tend to assume that the other technicians might suspect your real motives but in fact it's probably the last thing on their minds.

R F What advice would you give to anyone contemplating working undercover in order to expose animal suffering?

LW Give it extensive consideration and don't rush into it.

RF Thank you.

The Vegan. Winter 1991

E

ver since coming across fellow vegan builders I have looked for ways in which to use my seventeen years experience to help animals.

Like many vegans I thought my own trade was of no direct use — perhaps it would be better to work on a sanctuary or in a wholefood co-op? Many of you will remember bitterly the experience of having been forced by conscience to leave an unethical company or employer after becoming vegan, regretting the years wasted working for someone else when you could have been working for the benefit of animals.

Luckily some friends pointed out to me that vegans need building work just like anyone else, we are not a different species after all. When they said "different species", it hit me, why not try and help animals and be a builder as well? Straight away I remembered the articles I had read about struggling animal sanctuaries. It wasn't just the sanctuary work either, what about the number of vegans who desperately needed work undertaken but c o u l d n ' t face the prospect of employing firms whose employees were likely to bring a dead animal to work in their lunchboxes? I was going to need help if the idea was to take shape.

On the Way

tales which read like something from one of Dantes' worst n i g h t m a r e s ! : J o b s paid f o r but u n f i n i s h e d , o v e r p r i c e d and shoddy work, c o n t e m p t for the animals at the sanctuaries, even eating their brethren while building their homes.

Caring Approach The actual products used in our construction techniques contain no animal products whatsoever, and of course the w o r k f o r c e is entirely vegan. What we consider equally important, however, is the attitude of the team; their methods of working have to be just right. Piles of bricks, for example, are easily colonized by a whole variety of creatures and on a normal consruction site

If a spider wants a few seconds to retreat into the comfort of the unused bricks, then who are we to deny it this?

THE VEGAN WAY ENVIRONMENTAL

BUILDERS

After innumerable phone calls, chance meetings and introductions, and enlisting the help of two other vegans, I was left in no doubt that the logistical problems were surmountable and had no option but to follow the idea through and set up a full scale business. From then on the decisions became a matter of joint discussion and we began to concentrate on the practicalities of the project.

Which brings me to an important point, I would suggest that you can't be a vegan without caring for the environment, so the next step was to find sources of recycled materials.

Eventually we managed to find a company that deals in reclaimed timber, but, as you can imagine, not all the materials are suitable. Fortunately, we hit upon the idea of investing in a small 17 The Vegan. Winter 1991

are, in the case of insects at least, c r u s h e d , sometimes s u f f o c a t e d and on occasion drowned. Larger animals may be abused or buried in their own homes — the d e s t r u c t i o n of badger setts or fox earths for example. We may be a little slower but we are certainly more c o m p a s sionate, besides, knowing that we are doing something of value adds that little incentive to work just a bit harder, to remember to cover the water butts at night to prevent small creatures from drowning. If a spider w a n t s a f e w seconds to retreat into the comfort of the unused bricks, then who are we to deny it this?

Of course our work costs, but surprisingly less than you would think. We estimate that we can undercut conventional builders by up to 20% — but more importantly, we can save lives in the process. If you think you have a job we may be interested in then give us a call. If you can offer any recycled materials then we would be just as keen to hear from you.

MARTIN WILLIAMS REPORTS ON THE FORMATION OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY AWARE VEGAN BUILDING COMPANY . . . saw mill of our own, which allows us to prepare timber whenever needed.

Initially the choice of suitable materials was limited but after a little searching we compiled a satisfactory list.

The biggest shock was the huge level of interest shown by animal sanctuaries Perhaps the biggest shock was the huge level of interest shown by animal sanctuaries — "Can you start tomorrow?". Rather more disturbing was the veritable catalogue of woeful

VEGAN WAY ENVIRONMENTAL BUILDERS 0272 573228

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Vegan SOCIETY

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A

NOTICE TO ALL PET OWNERS 1 Are you concious of your health?

2 Do you look for a nutritious, balanced diet?

3 Is it high in fibre with no additives or preservatives?

Then why do we feed our pets on junk food and expect them to be full of health and vitality?

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1 - The complete food for health and vitality. <

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For your trial 3 i « kg bag (including 1/2 kilo FREE), fill in the coupon and post to: GREEN ARK, Low Flatt, Alston, Cumbria CA9 3DE, enclosing a Cheque/PO to the value of £6-25 Name Address

Post code Telephone or contact your local supplier

CRCCNARK

GREEN ARK. LOW FLATT. ALSTON. CUMBRIA CA9 3DE. TEL (0434) 381766

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shrubs, in grass tussocks and sometimes even in houses. One lacewing species overwinters as an adult, sometimes in houses; but most survive the winter as pupae attached to plants. Ground beetles live in leaf litter and the top layer of the soil. Hoverflies usually overwinter as pupae or as larvae on plants or in leaf litter.

So if you are houseproud, hoover the carpet but leave the litter in the garden — rake it into small piles or put it under hedges or shrubs. Never burn it Autumn and winter is a time to think about putting in new plants, especially trees and shrubs. Any plant which encourages useful and decorative creatures into the veganic garden and gives a welcome bonus of a haunting scent and graceful, beautiful foliage, must surely find a place in our planting schedule. Add the fact that we are talking about a species that is tough, robust and willing to grow as large as we'll let it, it is hard to find a reason why all gardens don't boast a 'Butterfly

Bush' (Buddleia davidii).

Establish Buddleia davidii in

g I

GROWSENSE Happy winter gardening Professional horticulturalist Julie Walsh continues her regular column

C

ontinuing on the theme of gardening for wildlife with its diversity, giving us ecological balance and therapeutic enjoyment, it is the responsible gardener that continues the • maintenance of the garden's ecosystem during the winter months. The garden is still a working habitat during the winter months and although many plants are dormant they still perform a very important function in the winter ecology of

21 The Vegan. Winter 1991

many insects, birds and small mammals.

Thus 'tidying' up gardens in autumn may be helpful in removing some pests and diseases, but will also get rid of some beneficial insects.

Not all insects are pests.

Some, such as ladybirds, lacewings, hoverfly larvae and ground beetles are useful as pest predators. Ladybirds overwinter as adult beetles and often cluster together in sheltered places on

your plot and butterflies and all manner of pest-eating creatures will be lured to your garden as if by magic. On a summer afternoon, Red Admirals, Peacocks, large and small Tortoiseshells, Hoverflies, Ichneuman flies, Chalcid wasps and many more beneficial creatures can be spotted. Buddleias are popular because of the splendour of their long drooping flower spikes on arching branches. They are hardy in full sun on even the poorest sites. Once they ran wild on bomb sites, and now they spread over the deserts of subsoil thrown up by JCBs, bull-dozers and the like, in urban areas. It was once suggested that they could be planted along the central reservation of motorways to reduce headlight glare!

The best Buddleias for butterfly watchers are the white ones, as they show up the brilliant colours and detail of the 2,500 or so British butterflies and moths. They also show up sufficiently in darkness to attract night feeding moths. Compact varieties suit small gardens or tubs. Here is but a small selection of varieties:

While Cloud - Small florets, pure white Nanho Purple - Purple-red, late flowering Harlequin - Red-purple, leaves creamy-white

Lochinch — Small florets, lavender-blue with orange eye, well scented Pink Delight - True pink, highly scented The plants grow readily from hardwood cuttings. If you have a friend or neighbour with one, this is the best way to get specimens for your own garden! In the winter months select strong smooth brown-barked shoots to cut into 15 inch long sections, for insertion 2 / 3 of their length, in spade cuts 6 inches apart.

Tread them in firmly, and with a hoeing or two to keep down the weeds, they will be ready for their permanent positions by the next winter. If you have an established shrub, during early spring saw the branches back 4—6 inches for weak bushes and 3 feet for strong ones — or wait until April and take them back to the lowest strong starting buds.

This hard pruning will keep them flowering vigorously. Leave new plantings unpruned for the first year to enable them to put roots down and show their first flowers — but cut them hard back in their second spring.

On the more practical and productive side of vegan gardening, consider a winter planting of comfrey. Comfrey is a fast growing perennial plant with enormous potential as a garden fertilizer. It is long lived, thus it needs a permanent space.

A dozen plants spaced at 2 feet should be adequate to feed the plants and vegetables of a medium sized garden. There are two methods of utilizing them as a fertilizer 1 Cut the leaves and lay them to wilt in potato trenches before planting the tubers, or place leaves around fruit bushes where the potash they have drawn from the soil will be released for the benefit of the crop.

2 Stuff the leaves into a bucket, fill with water and leave for a few weeks for them to decay into a high potash liquid feed (Excellent for tomatoes!).

A delicious tea can also be made from dried leaves — it is believed to alleviate rheumatic aches and pains. Comfrey ointment is used by many for scalds, bums, cuts and stings. The Bocking variety is best for gardeners. It is very productive but does not set seed, nor does it creep, thus it does not take over!

Because it does not set seed, propagation is by root cuttings.

Happy winter gardening.

Dips Dips make wonderful starters. They are quick to make for suppers and several of them look attractive for parties.

Accompaniments can range from bread and toast, potato crisps and biscuits to diced or sliced raw vegetables. (About a pound of raw vegetables will serve four people.) Dips may be served hot or cold.

BEANDIP 4 oz (115g) dried butter beans 1 tablespoon olive oil 2 teaspoons wine vinegar clove of garlic Soak, cook and mash the butter beans.

Add garlic, oil and vinegar. Mix to a consistency similar to a thick sauce.

Alternatively, blend all ingredients together in a liquidizer (if necessary add water).

HUMMUS

S u j ^ ^ u t ^ J ^

DRESSINGS, DIPS AND SAUCES Janet Lyle imparts some useful tips

T

here is a place for sauces and dressings at almost every meal. They add interest and substance to plain dishes and provide food value and a 'finishing touch' to gourmet dishes. Many take very little time to prepare. They can be prepared well in advance and re-heated when needed or can be made while the main part of the meal is cooking.

Sauces and the like are very import a n t in v e g a n c o o k e r y , o f t e n a d d i n g flavour or enhancing the existing flavour of a meal. They are useful for serving with s a l a d s , s a v o u r i e s and p u d d i n g s .

Dips make excellent starters and dressings 'liven up' salads. Sauces can counteract the sometimes dry savoury main courses and sweet sauces are essential for puddings.

Preparing and Serving T h e c o n s i s t e n c y of a dip, dressing or sauce is very important. A dip is usually thick; too thick to pour easily. A thick 22

sauce would be used to bind together ingredients as part of a recipe. A coating sauce is one which is generally served with dishes and should just coat the back of a spoon. A dressing is thin in consistency. A thin sauce would be used for blending with vegetable purges to make soups and the like.

To make a perfect sauce it is important to f o l l o w the directions for the amounts accurately and to adequately blend together all the ingredients (especially flour with fat). Sauces should be stirred well and constantly as they thicken. All should be tested before serving and then any herbs or seasonings may be added if necessary.

Dips are naturally served as they are and dressings are added to salads just prior to serving. A thicker salad dressing (mayonnaise type) is usually served separately. Sauces may be either poured over the food with a garnish added or served separately.

8 oz (225g) dried chick peas olive oil 2 teaspoons tahini clove of garlic 3 teaspoons lemon juice Soak and cook chick peas and put into blender. (Some of the liquid used to cook the peas can be used to blend them to thick puree.) Stir in garlic, tahini, lemon j u i c e and enough olive oil to make mixture resemble a thick sauce.

Chill before serving.

TOMATODIP 1 lb (455g) tomatoes clove of garlic 4 oz (115g) onion 1 teaspoon mixed herbs 1 teaspoon brown sugar 1 tablespoon wine vinegar Chop tomatoes and slice onions. Place in pan over gentle heat and add garlic and herbs. Cook for about 20 minutes until mixture forms a thick puree, stir occasionally. Rub puree through a sieve into a clean pan and add vinegar and brown sugar. Bring to boil (mixture can be reduced and thickened by f u r t h e r boiling). Serve hot.

PINEAPPLEDIP 8 oz (225g) pineapple 2 tablespoons olive oil 8 oz (225g) onion 1 tablespoon wine vinegar 1 teaspoon cinnamon Chop and fry pineapple and onion in oil until golden brown. Drain and place in blender with vinegar and cinnamon.

Blend to smooth puree.

Dips look good when garnished with red or black pepper, chopped mint or parsley or lemon wedges or watercress.

The Vegan. Winter 1991

Dressings Salads play an important role in the vegan diet and by adding dressings their flavour can be turned into a harmony of tastes. Dressings should aim for softening otherwise strong flavours and adding a flavour that is missing from some salad ingredients.

It is more appetizing to make small quantities of salad dressing at any one time rather than large quantities.

Although they can be easily stored in the fridge. For a change to your usual dressings, try using lemon juice instead of vinegar and walnut oil instead of olive oil, add herbs or horseradish and grated lemon and orange rind and garlic to brighten up your salads. Remember to toss the salad in the dressing just prior to serving or several ingredients may go limp and soggy.

A dressing can be made in a bowl or the ingredients shaken together in a screw top j a r — this is the better method if the dressing is to be poured over the salad or served seperately.

VINAIGRETTE/ FRENCH DRESSING 1 tablespoon wine vinegar or lemon juice 3-4 tablespoons olive or walnut oil Any of the following

to

taste:

grated lemon or orange rind horseradish or garlic herbs or seasoning mustard and sugar Mix, shake or blend all above ingredients together.

SALAD'CREAM' 1 part lemon juice 5 parts oil concentrated soya milk Beat the lemon juice and oil together.

Whilst beating, dribble in soya milk (about 4 parts). The more soya milk used the more creamy it will be and the less soya milk used the more lemony it will be.

TOFU MAYONNAISE 5 oz (140g) tofu 4 tablespoons oil 2 tablespoons lemon juice or vinegar Liquidize all the above ingredients together until thick. Can be stored in the fridge.

Sauces You do not have to practise gourmet cooking to liven up dishes with delicious sauces. Rather than using elaborate techniques, it is better to simply use imagination. It is always good to serve 23 The Vegan. Winter 1991

savoury sauces with pastry dishes and loaves or 'roast' dishes, to counteract any dryness. Vegetables also come to life when served with a savoury sauce.

A white sauce is ideal for most vegetables, especially artichokes, broccoli and hot beetroot. Parsley sauce is good on broad beans and a herb sauce for celery.

Tomato sauce is excellent on leeks and a sweet and sour sauce on corn on the cob.

From a basic white sauce recipe, many variations can be made — try some of the following:

WHITE SAUCE 1 oz (30g) flour '/2pint (300ml) soya milk V2oz (15g)-l oz (30g) vegan margarine Mix flour with '/ 4 of the soya milk to a smooth paste. Place the rest of the milk into a pan and bring to the boil. Pour the boiling milk over the flour mixture, stirring all the time. Add the margarine and season if required.

Tomato Whisk thick puree into the hot white sauce. Don't boil. Or chop a couple of fresh tomatoes and place in a blender with the white sauce mixture.

Horseradish Whisk about 1 desertspoon of vinegar and 2 tablespoons of horseradish into the white sauce.

Mushroom Cook 2 oz of chopped mushrooms in soya milk, then use this mixture to make a white sauce.

Mustard Blend xl2—\ tablespoons of dry mustard with the flour and proceed as for white sauce Onion Boil 3 onions, chop and add to white sauce.

Parsley Add 1-2 teasoons of chopped parsley

WHEN SAUCES GO WRONG LUMPY This is often due to i n s u f f i c i e n t cooking of the flour or the liquid not being incorporated properly. It should be whisked sharply.

SKIN FORMATION Usually the sauce has been left for longer than it should have been and/or left uncovered. Cut a round of greaseproof paper the size of the pan, dip this in cold water, shake dry and place on the top of the sauce. After a moment, lift off then stir and reheat the sauce.

and a squeeze of lemon juice to a white sauce mixture.

Brown Add a teaspoon of yeast extract to the white sauce.

Sweet Sauces Favourite flavours come into their own with sweet sauces. Always try to use a small, heavy, non-stick pan for making sweet sauces.

SWEET WHITE 1 tablespoon cornflour V2 oz (15g) vegan margarine '/2pint (300ml) soya milk vanilla essence 1 oz (30g)sugar Blend the cornflour with a little milk.

Boil the rest of the milk and pour over the flour mixture. Return to the pan and add the sugar. Bring to the boil stirring all the time. Add the margarine and vanilla essence, continue to cook stirring well.

Chocolate sauce As for the sweet white, adding 1-2 teaspoons of cocoa powder to the cornflour and use a little extra milk.

Coffee sauce As for the sweet white, adding 1 teaspoon of coffee to the margarine.

Fruit sauce Almost any kind of soft fruit can be used. Place in a pan over a gentle heat for about 15-20 minutes and add sugar to taste. Rub the mixture through a sieve and serve hot or cold.

BUTTER CREAM 4 oz (115g) vegan margarine 4 fl oz soya milk 5 oz (140g) brown sugar 8 oz (225g) sifted icing sugar Put the margarine and brown sugar into a pan over a moderate heat and stir until the sugar has dissolved. Allow to cool a little, then stir in the icing sugar.

Variations can be made using vanilla essence, cocoa powder or coffee.

MOCK CREAM 2 tablespoons cornflour 2 oz (55g) vegan margarine V4Utre soya milk 1 oz (30g) raw cane sugar Blend flour to smooth paste with little milk then add rest of the milk. Pour the mixture into a pan and bring slowly to the boil stirring constantly. When thick remove from heat and allow to cool.

Cream the margarine and sugar until soft and gradually beat this mixture into the flour mixture. Beat briskly.

CONTACTS NEWS S h e f f i e l d V e g a n s has p r o d u c e d two m o r e A 5 l e a f l e t s , one entitled ' M i l k M a r k e t i n g F r a u d ' , the other ' I s T h i s What You Want?', which depicts a man s u c k i n g the teat of a cow he is lying u n d e r . It h a s a l s o b e e n e x p o s i n g Sheffield Friends of the Earth which has teamed up with a local dairy for a recycling project so that it could get its name on the sides of the dairy's milk floats.

Another dairy, City Dairies, has donated £ 5 0 0 to the local F O E g r o u p . B l o o d money?

C l e v e l a n d Action for A n i m a l s is a l w a y s l e a f l e t t i n g , o r g a n i z i n g vegan taste-in's and helping with local animal rescue. Its quarterly newsletter is full of animal liberation information and costs £3 per annum.

Steven Taylor is campaigning to get the B B C to p r o d u c e an ' A n i m a l s In N e e d ' p r o g r a m m e , along the lines of Children In Need. He is circulating a petition — available from the Bradford contact address — to help the campaign.

Dougie Gordon writes: "Lancashire Vegans are up and running. As you read t h i s , v e g a n s are d a s h i n g r o u n d the county discovering vegan information in

r e a d i n e s s f o r the revolution in Lancashire! Since my name appeared in The Vegan I ' v e been able to establish contacts in most towns and arrange a meeting to determine how people feel we should progress. As a result we have set off two l o n g - t e r m campaigns: 'Vegan Food in Schools' — aiming particularly at teenagers; and 'Vegan Meals for Hospitalized Vegans' — a Christmas c a m p a i g n . We also have an idea f o r some action against the Milk Marketing Board using the slogan 'Milk Is M u r d e r ' . O v e r the next f e w months attacks on the milk industry will begin with a tee shirt and (radical) leaflet. That will probably start in the New Year, as we are now gearing up to Christmas and hope to start saving the poor turkey from December 1st with demonstrations and media coverage."

North East Fife — Anyone out there interested in forming a local group of vegans, vegetarians and anyone else interested in the issues? Please contact Matthew or Katherine Herbert at the address given elsewhere on this page.

Martyn Allen reports that Suffolk Vegans has its inaugural meeting on

Tuesday 12 November at 7.30pm in the meeting room of 19 Tower Street, Ipswich.

West Midlands Vegans is a new group which plans education, social and campaigning activities and is looking for new members. Contact:

would like vegans in the Brighton area to contact her with a view to getting a group going. Contact her at: Get in touch with your local group and if there isn't one and you would like to help establish one then please contact the Local Contacts Co-ordinator at: The Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA. Carl Turner Please note that on 29 September, Terry Bevis became the Local Contacts Co-ordinator

LOCAL VEGAN SOCIETY CONTACTS

24

The Vegan. Winter 1991

Pointers

Postbag

Thanks to Sara Hollwey from a gluten allergy 'sufferer' ('Being a Gluten-Free Vegan: More Than Just Survival!', Summer 1991 Vegan). I've just three points to add: Buckwheat (not related to wheat!) — useful in the form of flour or flakes. Excellent in porridge and flapjacks.

Soya milk — not always glutenfree. Read the label!

Rice puffs — The only glutenfree brand I've found is Kallo.

Several excellent proprietary breakfast cereals are available.

• Steve Oxbrow, Somerset

i k e Veo6^1 7 Battle

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L e o n a r d s - cna-Seo.

£ a s t S u s s e x 7N 37 7AA i

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Contributions to Postbag are welcomed, but accepted on the understanding that they may be edited in the interests of brevity or clarity.

Send your letters to: The Editor, THE VEGAN, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA

Question of Balance

Bean Flour

In the Summer 1991 Vegan Annie Brosnan commented on the validity of diet supplementation, implying that the manufacture and sale of vitamin/mineral supplements was a purely profitseeking exercise and of little value to someone on a wellbalanced diet.

Obviously, the profit-seeking element is an important part of the equation. Most health food shops would be forced out of business if they were unable to sell supplements along side food etc. However, what Annie fails to realize is that even the most well-balanced of diets (vegan or otherwise) cannot guarantee an adequate consumption of essential nutrients. Many factors out of our control may affect our vitamin and mineral intake — e.g. pollution, modem farming practices, cooking methods, and our own body's inefficiencies.

To assume that a well-balanced diet requires no supplementation is naive.

Support your health food shop, don't kick the chair from under it.

• M Andrea, Health & Diet Centre, Kent

I read with great delight the gluten-free vegan article (Autumn 1991 Vegan). I thought I was the only one.

I've been experimenting with gluten-free vegan recipes for several years and have come across urid bean flour.

It's used for making popadoms and is available from Indian shops — though you may have to order it. I have used urid bean flour combined with rice flour to make masala dosa (a savoury pancake stuffed with curry — it's best to let the batter sit for a couple of hours), amazing Yorkshire puds, a Sosmix toad-in-the-hole and banana fritters.

Then I tried cakes, I mixed the flours with soya milk, sugar, vanilla, cream of tartar and bicarbonate of soda and put the running (batter like) mixture in the oven and it rose into a delicious cake.

A friend experimented with an urid bean flour paste — with garlic, spices and fresh coriander. Deep fried, the result was a really tasty snack with a unique spongy texture.

• Richard Duriez, Bedfordshire

25 The Vegan. Winter 1991

Fuel For Thought In the Autumn 1991 Vegan under the heading 'Baby of the Year' a wood burning Rayburn is said to be environmentally friendly. After being brought up with a Rayburn, I am somewhat disillusioned as to their environmental soundness. Are they not very inefficient by consuming vast quantities of wood whilst producing a lot of C 0 2 relative to their energy output?

For my family in a rural area, wood supply was no problem, but if everyone in cities had Raybums would our woodlands not be destroyed further? The burning of wood must not be encouraged until we have planted a lot more trees, which of course takes labour and money. Who is going to pay?

• Jill Ventress, North Yorkshire

Principles As a former chairman of the Vegan Society and the parent of three life-vegan children (aged 12, 8 and 5) I object strongly to The Vegan carrying inserts like that from Plamil Ltd in the Summer 1991 issue.

An attractive child was pictured on the front cover, directly below the title Healthy Vegan Infants/Children. So far so good.

Just one problem: like several others profiled in the insert, the child is not in fact a vegan, as a reading of the text makes clear.

In a covering letter with the insert Plamil M D Arthur Ling argued in effect that "mosdy" vegan and vegan are one and the same thing, thus selling short vegan principles championed over nearly half a century and to which many of us — parents, non-parents and children alike — feel ethically obliged to

adhere.

There are enough double standards in the animal rights movement without the likes of Mr Ling adding to the muddle.

• Lis Howlett, Berks Arthur Ling replies: .As the child Joe Salmon on the front cover, and indeed all the children featured in the booklet, conform to the definition of a vegan as set out in the Society's Memorandum & Articles of Association, it would suggest Lis is not in agreement with the Society's constitution. I recommend her to read Rick Savage's comments in the Autumn 1991 Vegan where he points out that it is our duty as pathfinders (vegans) to give encouragement to "those who follow in our footsteps" .

The booklet was produced to encourage parents to bring up their infants vegan by demonstrating how other vegan parents have done so most successfully.

It has achieved this objective judging by: (a) the praiseworthy write-ups in numerous journals; and (b) the fantastic demand for copies from medical folk, parents, health stores and distributors.

I could fill the pages of The Vegan with quotes from them but the following says it all: "I have often argued to colleagues that it is possible to bring a child into the world as a vegan but have never really been able to show substantial proof— this booklet is that evidence!"

Horrified I would like to add to the points raised in the 'Dilemma?' letter in the Autumn 1991 Vegan that not only are smokers doing themselves damage — i.e. the growing concern about lung cancer — but others around them are affected. More concerning is the fact that animals are put through misery every day for inessential purposes of which I would regard smoking as one.

I do not mean to sound as though I am standing in judgement but I find it absolutely horrific that people who are aware of animal suffering choose to continue the market for such products.

In the end, I agree, it is the 'choice' of the people but we must strive to inform the consumer of the horrors which take place every day just for the sake of vanity or habit.

• G Conway, Edinburgh

Reviews

FOREWORD

BY

Linda McCartney INSRID

NHWKIRK

Save The Animals!

101 Easy Things You Can Do Ingrid N e w k i r k A n g u s and Robertson £4.99 Pbk, 2 1 3 p p Despite its rather cliched title, this is an excellent book; clear, comprehensive, concise and bang up to date. Written by Ingrid Newkirk, National Director of PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) in the U S A , and adapted for British readers by Janet Hunt, the book covers the full gamut of animal abuses and violations in fifty brief, punchy chapters.

Nothing escapes Ms Newkirk's attention and the subjects covered include vivisection, pet stealing, the meat and dairy industries, animal circuses, zoos, etc., as well as the less wellknown and less popular issues like the carnage on our roads, consumerism and the destruction of habitats, fish and fishing, the dangers of discarded litter, and the use of speciesist language.

Like many books about animal rights, the catalogue of animal abuse contained in its chapters can make very depressing reading. Unlike many books on animal rights, however, Save The Animals! provides the reader with a host of ideas and suggestions to help put things right.

It is this constructive approach which is the book's basic strength. It concentrates on the positive and shows the reader what he or she can actually do.

The book is very much concerned with the potential for change and the enormous power for good which lies (often latent) in the caring individual.

26

As Janet Hunt says, "this isn't just another book about animals; it's a practical manual.

We don't have to wait until legislation is passed, or feel helpless and angry. This book tells you, me, anyone who cares, just what each of us as individuals can do."

In each chapter, Ms Newkirk outlines the problem, giving the reader the facts, and then goes on to offer the solution, suggesting what the reader can do. A resources section follows, giving the names of relevant societies, products, books and videos.

I have to concur with the opinion of Linda McCartney who says, "Ingrid Newkirk's book is chock full of insights into animals' lives and needs . . . you can't help but ask why this book hasn't come along sooner."

• Roger Armstrong-Roberts

After 6 months of light-less, filthy, cramped confinement and a liquid, fibre-deficient diet they are — perhaps mercifully — slaughtered. But where does Smithfield figure in the equation? Well, of the animals exported last year, in excess of 40% returned to our shores in the form of white veal. And that's probably about as sensible as this entire miserable business gets.

• Richard Farhall * Available from CIWF, 20 Lavant Street, Petersfield, Hants GU32 3EW

dying.

Captain Sensible, bearing an amazing resemblance to a wellknown clown associated with a major high street provider of plastic 'food', puts in a jolly yet strangely unsettling burger-juggling performance.

If Charles Phillips is a veggie or vegan then he surely deserves a major award for an outstanding stomach-churning sacrifice in the line of duty; if not, then I wouldn't like to be his GP! To sum up: a powerful, haunting vehicle by which to set omnivores on the right track.

• Richard Farhall * Available from Meathead, Box M, 34 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1HZ

\T H E

P O C K E T B O O K OF

[

ANIMAL FACTS AND FIGURES

Meathead

CALVES N T HE

DOCK

Calves in the Dock C I W F V H S video 7 mins £12.50 (+£3.00 p&p)* Former 'New Avenger' veggie celeb. Joanna Lumley narrates this short but useful account of the 'life' of a typical veal calf — from a few days of age to a slab of decomposing flesh hanging from a Smithfield market meat hook.

The journey begins at Sturminster Newton Livestock market, where week-old dairy calves are penned, shunted about, auctioned and bundled off for export across the Channel to France or Holland, where the veal crate has yet to be outlawed.

In 1990 350,000 (1,000 a day) dairy kidnap victims were forced along this tortuous route.

VHS video Approx. 15 mins £9.99 (+£1.50 p&p)* A long overdue review this one (a good 16 months to be precise).

The principal character, played

by Charles Phillips, is a braindead aristocrat with a rabid desire to consume, to unbelievable excess, large portions of animal flesh — preceded by an 'appetite whetter' of raw battery eggs. It's a parody of course, and superbly presented one at that — made all the more memorable by the emphasis on images (there is no dialogue) and the expertlyexecuted complemental use of a lively soundtrack.

As the action progresses so the sickly aristo's franticness for the meat fix heightens until, the previously obliging matronly servant played by Lene Lovich (what an incredibly long tongue!), decides he's reached slaughter weight.

Specially-obtained, clandestinely-filmed footage of the animal abuse behind the consumed products intersperses the sickening gluttony. Battery hens, broilers, turkeys and pigs are all seen in their own living hells — diseased, deformed, suffering,

BARRY KEW Q

The Pocketbook of Animal Facts & Figures Barry Kew Green Print £6.99 Pbk, 192pp* Definitely not a sit-and-read-allin-one-go book, The Pocketbook of Animal Facts & Figures is for reference, a well-researched collection of interesting and useful information. The dedication in this book so aptly sums up its purpose. It reads "to those who love the source of what they hate". I feel sure this book will become a much treasured campaigner's handbook. Barry Kew has achieved the unenviable task of assimilating all the available data about animal abuse and presented it in an accessible and clearly readable form.

The book is divided into the main subject headings of country sports, vivisection, farmed animals, fisheries, fur farming, performing animals, pets and zoos. Each section is further subdivided for easy reference. To give an idea of the information included, the farming section has a basic introduction, then is split

The Vegan. Winter 1991

i

into the different species used and how many, what techniques are used for breeding and how they are fed. Additional information is also provided on housing conditions, how animals are slaughtered, production figures and any standard surgical procedures/diseases. As well as all the main subject headings, there are other sections on BSE, exportimport, laws referring to animals and even a page on snail farming. In fact whatever information could be of use, is included.

'borrowed'. As long as you have four copies of this book you won't have any problems! As such, my major criticism is that it doesn't come with padlock and chain to prevent those 'friends' and colleagues stealing off with it. As I have already found out, it does have a tendency to walk into other people's possession!

It is a work which has been long-needed and will be wellused, and as a campaigner I would recommend it to anybody who wants to know the facts.

The 'Laws' section is one which I'm sure will be of real value. This section, lists all the laws which affect animals and gives a brief description of their content. It is up-to-date and even includes Bills which are in the process of going through Parliament. With such things as slaughter figures and laws, needing constant updating, we can only hope that this book will be updated annually.

* Available from the Vegan Society for £7.99 (p & p incl.)

I have had many a time when I've needed a particular piece of information and spent ages rumaging through old files and my entire library only to find that the book I want has been

• Iain Green

Reviewers Roger Armstrong-Roberts is a freelance writer and editor, currently working for a business magazine

Richard Farhall is Vegan Society General Secretary

Iain Green is a vegan and happy, and works as Campaigns Assistant/Group Co-ordinator for Animal Aid.

(

Tfiinlq.njj Mead?

There must be many readers who would like to offer financial support to the Vegan Society in its unique work but have limited means at their disposal. There is, however, an easy way of helping regardless of present circumstances—by including a legacy to the Society in your Will. Great or small, such legacies can make a real and enduring contribution to the promotion of vegan ideals.

For those who would like to make a bequest to the Society the following form of words is suggested: "I bequeath to the Vegan Society Ltd, Registered Charity no. 279228, presently at 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA, the sum of £ , and declare that the receipt of the Treasurer or other authorized officer of the said Society shall be good and sufficient discharge of such legacy."

Property left to the Society is another valuable contribution to our cause. If you wish to will land or property to the Society, please write for details of how to arrange this.

> 27 The Vegan. Winter 1991

THE FISHY VEGETARIAN He comes, he wears a caring mask, A big heart on his sleeve, Declares with pride the righteous task That makes the vegan grieve: He says he's vegetarian — Oh hip, oh hip, hooray — An animal libertarian In — almost — every way.

He'll gobble egg, he'll guzzle cheese, And fish just makes his day.

He'll feed the farming factories And milk the cows away.

He's no disciplinarian, His belly rules his plate.

He's not strictly vegetarian Like the turkey he just ate.

He can't, it seems, go all the way Lest things get out of hand.

The inconvenience, he'll say, No mortal man could stand.

Well it's a fishy vegetarian Whose ethics need a prod.

It's a rather queer aquarian Who crunches prawn and cod.

It's best, it's true, to make a start, Though he will never finish.

To ban white meat would break his heart His taste buds would diminish.

So his casserole's Hungarian, With lots of bloody stocks.

His cloak is vegetarian But he's just a sly old fox.

—

The only meat that's really red Is beef and lamb and veal.

The other creatures are not 'dead', They've just become a meal.

It's a racist vegetarian Who only eats white meat.

He's no humanitarian — He's a tofu-cooking cheat.

He aches with angst, and grief, and care For bunnyhuns and bees, This berry-nibbling teddy bear In butchers' dungarees.

This breakfasting barbarian Dips his soldiers in disgrace.

This feeble vegetarian Has fried egg on his face!

Steve

Tasane

Publications & Promotional Goods

The Vegetarian Travel Guide 1991 Jane Bowler Well-presented home and abroad eating out and holiday/travelrelated information of value to vegans. £5.50

The Pocketbook of Animal Facts & Figures

Prices exclude postage and packing (see Order Form for rates). Items marked [VS] are published by, or in association with, the Vegan Society. All titles are paperback, unless otherwise indicated. Orders are processed within just five days of receipt (subject to stock availability).

Barry Kew A comprehensive, up-to-date, quickly accessible collection of facts and figures about the many animals the human race uses and abuses. All the information you need — at your fingertips. £6.99

PUBLICATIONS Background Reading

WHY

ANIMAL FACTS AND FIGURES

VEGAN

Food for a Future Jon Wynne-Tyson A classic work, powerfully arguing the moral, economic, ecological, physiological and nutritional case for vegetarianism and veganism.

Packed with information, statistics, literary quotations, nutritional and dietary data. £4.99

THE

AFUTURE

VEGETARIA

TRAVEL GUIDE

199 1

Fettered Kingdoms John Bryant Second edition of one individual's animal rights philosophy with infamous critique of pet-keeping and controversial rewritten Epilogue. £4.90

Animals and Cruelty and Law

The Sexual Politics of Meat

The Struggle for Animal Rights Prof. Tom Regan A leading philosopher lucidly puts the case for animal rights. Chapters on farm and laboratory animals, hunting, dissection, plus autobiographical sketch. £3.50

(Ed.) Jon Wynne-Tyson.

A new, updated collection of quotations concerning our treatment of non-human species. £6.99

The Dreaded Comparison: Human and Animal Slavery Marjorie Spiegel A penetrating study in picture and prose, loaded with shocking comparisons of human and animal slavery, of racism and speciesism. £3.95

Food: Need, Greed and Myopia Geoffrey Yates Review of the world food situation and land use, including the vegan alternative, with useful facts and figures. £3.95

Chicken & Egg — Who Pays the Price?

Clare Druce A constructive attack on the egg and poultry industry — examining birds' poor health, living conditions, drug industry activity and human health hazards. £3.99

Reference Guides [VS] The Animal-Free Shopper

28

Robert Sharpe A detailed study demonstrating both the barbarism and scientific invalidity of vivisection. £7.99

Carol Adams An innovative approach to violence against animals and women. £8.95

1

The Extended Circle: A Dictionary of Humane Thought

Richard Farhall, Richard Lucas & Amanda Rofe A shopping guide for those wishing to buy goods which are entirely free of animal ingredients and involve no animal testing.

Includes product listing sections — Food, Drink, Toiletries & Cosmetics, Remedies & Supplements, Baby & Infant Care, Footwear & Clothing, Home & Office, Animal Care and Garden & Leisure; as well as information on animal substances and additives. £4.50

The Cruel Deception: The Use of Animals in Medical Research

Noel Sweeney A practising barrister argues that in sanctioning animal cruelty English law fails to to recognize the quintessence of natural rights: justice and morality. £6.95

Why Vegan?

Kath Clements A mass of facts and figures ably presented in a simple and straightforward exposition of the case for veganism. £3.95

Animal Rights

Beyond the Bars (Eds.) Virginia McKenna, Will Travers & Jonathon Wray.

Distinguished contributors discuss the immorality of keeping wild animals in captivity. £6.99

Voiceless Victims

ANIMAI. LIBERATION

Rebecca Hall A wide-ranging examination of human abuse of animals. Chapters include: bloodsports, slaughter and farming, animals in entertainment, vivisection, and anthropocentric conservation. £5.95

The Vegan. Winter 1991

Animal Liberation: A Graphic Guide

Vegan Nutrition: Pure and Simple

Lori Gruen, Peter Singer and David Hine.

A powerfully illustrated introduction to the subject. £4.95

Michael Klaper MD An American physician demonstrates how sound vegan diets can satisfy all the body's needs and play a major role in the prevention and treatment of many degenerative diseases. Includes nutrient tables, meal plans and recipes.

Large format. £5.95

diet. Includes nutrient tables, meal plans and recipes. Large format. £5.95

Pregnancy, Children and the Vegan Diet Michael Klaper MD A practical guide to ensuring health and balance throughout pregnancy and to raising healthy children on a 100% animal-free

The Home Herbal Book Barbara Griggs A handbook of simple remedies. £4.99

Home and Garden Home Ecology

Cookbooks

Karen Christensen Packed with practical advice on how ecological principles can be applied in the home, enabling the individual to improve his/her environment and quality of life. £5.95

[VS] The Caring Cook: Cruelty-Free Cooking for Beginners Janet Hunt A bargain-priced and easy-to-follow first vegan cookbook, written expressly for those new to crueltyfree living. Offers a comprehensive selection of everday and specialoccasion recipes, plus a mass of hints and tips. Durable, wipe-clean cover. £1.99

Veganic Gardening Kenneth Dalziel O'Brien A comprehensive, yet easy-to-follow guide to the subject by the system's greatest living exponent. £6.99

The Vegan The Single Vegan

(Quarterly.) Four issues.

Leah Leneman Tailored to the needs of vegans living either alone or in non-vegan households, this is a book to persuade you that it really is 'worth the bother' for one. £4.99

PROMOTIONAL GOODS

£6.00

Multi-Purpose Cards* Four multi-purpose blank cards and envelopes with original cartoons by regular contributor to Private Eye, Pete Donohue.

Recycled card and envelopes.

Black and red on white. £1.50 CI

The Vegan Cookbook Alan Wakeman and Gordon Baskerville 200 richly varied and carefully graded recipes, ranging from the quick and simple right through to the unashamedly gourmet.

Complete with nutrition notes and checker. £4.99

Cooking with Sea Vegetables Peter and Montse Bradford A vegan macrobiotic guide to the culinary use of the 'harvest of the oceans'. £5.99

[VS] Vegan Cookery Eva Batt An updated [1985] and restyled edition of the first major cookbook ever published. More than 300 appetizing, nourishing and economical recipes, plus a wealth of practical advice and nutritional information. £3.99

ORDER FORM After calculating the total sum owing, including postage and packing, send your cheque or postal order to: The Vegan Society (Merchandise), 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA. Cheques/postal orders should be made payable to The Vegan Society Ltd. TOTAL COST OF ITEM(S) ORDERED £ POSTAGE & PACKING (See below ) £ Inland : Total Cost of item(s) ordered £2.99 or less — add 35p; £3.00 to £3.99 — add 60p; £4.00 to £5.99 — add 75p; £6.00 to £9.99 — add £1; £10 to £20 — add £1.50; over £20 — free Eire and Overseas : Please increase total payment by a further 40% to cover additional surface rate postal charges. (NB Goods sent airmail by special arrangement only.)

DONATION

Nutrition and Health [VS] Vegan Nutrition: A Survey of Research Gill Langley MA PhD The most comprehensive survey ever undertaken of scientific research on vegan diets. Ideal for nutritionists, researchers, dieticians, GPs, community health workers, vegans and would be vegans. Includes highlighted major points, easy-to-follow tables, chapter summaries and detailed index. £5.95

29 The Vegan. Winter 1991

£

TOTAL PAYMENT* £ •Orders to be sent to Eire or overseas must be paid for by International Money Order or by Sterling cheque drawn on an English bank.

I enclose a cheque/postal order for £ The Vegan Society Ltd. Name (PLEASE PRINT) Address (PLEASE PRINT)

Writing Pad* Pad with 50 sheets A5 size woodland bond recycled paper, each printed with the Vegan Society's logo and summary of its work.

Black and green on white. £2.25 W1 Poster* 'Blood Curdling' poster by Paul Evans. Recycled paper. Red, pink and green on black.

75p PI T-Shirts 'Free Zone'. As featured in The Independent. 100% cotton, XL, en on white. i.95 T1 'AH the Way'*. Rather daring, 100% cotton, XL. Orange, green and white on black. £7.50 T2 Q Cards Set of 10 postcards with telling quotes for animal rights. All different, assorted colours, recycled card. £1.50 C2

made payable to :

_Postcode.

Tel. No. (in case of query).

. Date_

•See back cover

Noticeboaxd

avoided throughout. For restaurant reservations: 081 852 7978.

Worcester's vegan shop Radical Carrot has closed and has reopened as a co-operative —the Rain Forest Cafe, Angel Place, Worcester.

Sanctuary Saltwell Animal Sanctuary is on the verge of closure following the death of its main benefactor.

There are 70 permanent animals cared for by two vegan workers.

Donations to 'Saltwell Animal Santuary' may be sent to: Saltwell Cottage, Wentnor, Bishops Castle, Shropshire SY9 5EJ.

Spreading the Word Diary Dates 9 N o v National demonstration against McDonalds. Meet Euston Station for march to the Victoria McDonalds. Details: London Greenpeace on 071 837 7557.

2 7 Nov—24 D e c Fifth Christmas Green Fayre, London Ecology Centre, Covent Garden. Details: 071 379 4324.

1 D e c Smithfield D e m o at Earls Court followed by Meat Out Fayre at Kensington Town Hall.

Details: Vegan Society 0424 427393.

7 D e c Christmas Without Cruelty Fair, Lambeth Town Hall, Brixton SW2, 10am-5pm, admission free. Organized by South London Animal Aid. Details: 071 738 5269.

Christmas Cruelty-Free Fair,

Victoria Hall, Ealing Town Hall, Broadway, Ealing W5. Contact: 10 Dec Preston Action for Animals Xmas Fayre with vegan food and videos, 7.30pm at Roobarb Vegetarian Cafe, 24 Adelphi St, Preston.

25 Dec Christmas Day Vigil at Hazelton Laboratories, Halifax.

Contact:

Up and Running London's only 100% vegan restaurant, at 314 Lewisham Road, SE13, has new proprietors — and a new name. Gaslights Vegan Restaurant & Vegetarian Wholefood Shop (formerly Veganomics) re-opened on 2 October. Organic produce figures highly on the menus and sugar is

Central London Animal Aid undertakes regular leafletting of commuters on Wednesdays, 4.30pm-6.30pm. If you can help contact:

New Heights^ Following a successful, exclusively vegan alpine trip, Chris Abbey intends to form a Vegan Mountain Group to promote cruelty-free, non-exploitative, non-sexist mountain activities — including hill walking, camping in wild and beautiful places, mountain biking, rock climbing, winter and alpine mountaineering. The intention is to circulate a membership list to help members to team up with like-minded individuals for informal trips, to arrange a number of meets in the UK

where vegans can come together to enjoy the mountains and each others company, and to arrange expeditions to the wider ranges.

A vegan ascent of Lobuche East peak (a 6,000 metre treking peak in Nepal) is provisionally planned for October 1992. Send an SAE to:

Spanish Cruelty The National Association for the Defence of Animals works to bring about an end to bullfighting and all other animal cruelty in Spain. For further information send an SAE to:

Directory The 1991 Lake District and Cumbria Vegetarian Directory (of accommodation, restaurants, shops etc.) contains some useful addresses and contacts. For a copy send an A5 SAE plus 20p to: Kendal Vegetarians, Low House, New Hutton, Kendal, Cumbria LA8 0AZ.

Move The Campaign Against Leather & Fur (CALF) has changed its address to: CALF, BM Box 8889, London WC1N3XX.

Sporting The Vegetarian Cycling & Athletic Club would welcome

SIXTH INTERNATIONAL VEGAN FESTIVAL The International Vegan Festival will be held in Britain next year, 1-8 August 1992. This event will be a combination of conference and holiday, and will include lectures, workshops, videos, games, yoga, folk singing and dancing, rambles, excursions to places of interest and more! It will take place at a yoga centre, a half an hour rail journey north of London. Speakers will include Mark Gold. Kathleen Jannaway and Dr David Ryde.

Full programme and booking forms are expected to be in print before Christmas. Please send an (ordinary size) SAE now to the address below, and you will receive details as soon as they are available:

HELP WANTED! 30

Anyone living within reasonable distance of Biggleswade. Bedfordshire, and able to accommodate one or more vegans during the week 1-8 August 1992 is asked to contact Barbara Gamsa-Jackson on 0245 359534 as soon as possible.

We especially need to find accommodation for some Eastern European delegates who will otherwise be unable to afford to attend.

The Vegan. Winter 1991

more vegan members. For over a century it has been demonstrating that non-meat eaters can run, cycle, wrestle, lift weights etc. Enquiries (with SAE) to:

Discount Update SHOPS Holbeach Wholefoods, 32 High Street, Holbeach, Spalding, Lines. 0406 22149. Discounts to full members (excluding offers): £15-£35 — 10%; £35-£70 — 15%; £70-£150 — 20%; £150+ — 25%; £50+ weekly — 20%.

Hazardous

Networking The Animal Rights Coalition has been formed to: link up animal rights groups around the country by setting up networks throughout Britain; set up new animal rights groups in areas not now covered by a group; organize fund raising events; distribute the funds to local independent groups. It would like to hear from anyone willing to set up a network in their area.

For further information send an SAE to: Animal Rights Coalition, PO Box, Newton Street, Manchester Ml.

Local Groups

Action for Animals has launched a campaign highlighting the failure of animal experiments to protect workers from industrial diseases. For details send a large SAE to: Action for Animals, PO Box 354, London E5 8TB.

Wanted

Information Vegan Magazines. In addition to The Vegan — the official organ of the Vegan Society — the following independent publications may be of interest: Vegan Views 6 Hayes Avenue, Bournemouth BH7 7AD. An informal quarterly with articles, interviews, news, reviews, letters, cartoon strip.

Subscription rate for four issues: £2.40 (Europe and surface mail overseas: £2.80).

New Leaves 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 8NQ. Quarterly journal of the Movement for Compassionate Living — The Vegan Way (see below).

Annual subscription: £3.00.

Cheques/POs payable to: "Movement for Compassionate Living'.

Y Figan Cymreig (The Wales Vegan) Bronyr Ysgol,

31 The Vegan. Winter 1991

Montpelier, Llandrindod, Powys, Wales. Bilingual quarterly. Annual subscription: £1.50.

The Vegan Bikers Association aims to promote veganism amongst motorcyclists and set up a fund for the purchase and distribution of alternatives to leather.

Enquiries:

The Vegan Business Connection Full membership is open to vegan businesses with at least one vegan proprietor. Associate membership is open to strict vegetarian businesses with at least one vegan proprietor. For a copy of the constitution send 50p in stamps to:

The Vegan Community Project exists to form a contact network between people who are interested in living in a vegan community and to establish one or more such communities. While some of its members seek merely to live close to other vegans, others wish to establish a vegan land project or centre for the promotion of a vegan lifestyle.

Newsletter subscription (4 issues): £2.00. Contact:

The Vegan Families Contact List provides a link between parents throughout the UK seeking to raise their children in accordance with vegan principles. To receive a copy of the list and have your name added to a future edition, please write to the Vegan Society — marking your envelope 'Vegan Families Contact List', enclosing an SAE, and giving your name, address and names and dates of birth of children.

The Movement for Compassionate Living — the Vegan Way seeks to spread compassionate understanding and to simplify lifestyles by promoting awareness of the connections between the way we live and the way others suffer, and between development, consumption and the destruction of the planet. Coordinators:

Vegans International co-ordinates the promotion of veganism, encourages the formation of new organizations, and organizes an annual vegan festival. Contact:

Vegan Contacts Abroad. For a listing, send an S A E to the Vegan Society marked 'Vegan Contacts Abroad'.

S W A N S E A VALLEY. Luxury double bedded room, en suite living room plus optional single bedded room. Well located.

Including breakfast. £12pp. 0792 830586.

Classified ACCOMODATION

EATING OUT

H O U S E S H A R E and short stay: Lovely vegan h o m e o n seafront; close to backwaters and natural walks, V2 mile from station ( L o n d o n 1 '/ hours by train). Contact

A C T I V I T Y HOLIDAYS

Veg/V^nfures Activity & Sightseeing Holidays Great Vegetarian/Vegan Food Holidays include: Christmas House Party Norway, cross-country skiing Paris Weekend Peru, "Journey of a Lifetime" East Coast Barge Sailing Scottish Highland Adventure For free brochure write or phone quoting Ref: VV2 VegiVentures, 17 Lilian Road.

Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex CMO 8DS. Phone: (0621) 784285

ANIMAL CARE M E A T - F R E E C A T S ! Vegan supplements f o r h o m e - m a d e vegan recipes. SAE: Katz G o Vegan, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards, Sussex T N 3 7 7 A A .

ANIMAL WELFARE Y O U N G H A M S T E R S need caring h o m e s with suitable caging and regular exercise. Tel: (0708) 753279, eves/weekends.

CATERING F R O M P R I V A T E D I N N E R parties to weddings, A & D catering will provide excellent service with vegan food. Will q u o t e f o r all areas. Celebration cakes to y o u r requirements. A & D Catering, 48 H a m p s t e a d R o a d , Birmingham B 1 9 1DB. Tel 021 5 5 4 2349.

P U R E F O O D C A T E R I N G . Vegan cuisine for all occasions.

COURSES START A CAREER IN ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE • T h e first comprehensive directory of courses in alternative medicine, with C o u r s e Details, Geographical & Type-ofC o u r s e indexes and Schools directory.

• T h e first manual f o r the prospective students giving t h e m valuable information o n each therapy, courses and how to c h o o s e between them, combine them, costs, f i n a n c i n g training, earnings, setting u p a practice a f t e r w a r d s and m u c h more.

A M U S T f o r a n y b o d y contemplating training in this field. £ 9 . 9 5 + £ 1 . 9 5 p & p only.

For details write to: Tackmart Trading Ltd, (Dept VN), F R E E P O S T , Harrow, Middlesex H A 3 0 B R . O r telephone us on 081 905 0720 a n d for credit card purchases.

32

THE BAY TREE the vegetarian cafe Open every day (except Monday) 10am-9pm

V E G A N B&B. 4 miles south of Kendal.

Strictly no smoking. Children welcome.

Packed lunches & evening meals available. Tel:

H I G H Q U A L I T Y original vegan perfumes, body, hair, and skin preparations based on essential oils, floral waters, herbal extracts and vegetable oils. For brochure send SAE to DOLMA, 19 Royce Avenue, Hucknall, Nottingham N G 1 5 6FU. Trade enquiries welcome.

W H I T B Y , N. Y O R K S . Twixt sea and moors'. B&B. £10. Vegan/Vegetarian.

Quiet area. 7 minutes walk from harbour and town centre. Street parking. Open over Christmas. Tel. 0947 603507.

L I Q U I D C O N C E N T R A T E is the biodegradable liquid soap derived from coconut oil, which is free of animal products and animal testing. SAE for details: Dept EV, Janco Sales, 11 Seymour Road, Hampton Hill, Middlesex TW12 1DD.

All food is dairy and egg free.

403 Great Western Road, Kelvinbridge, Glasgow. Tel: 041 334 5898 a workers'

"Seapoint"

co-operative

llpwiy, Porlock, Somersrt, TAM 8QE

• Spacious Edwardian H o u s e overlooking Porlock Bay • Open log fires • Coastal/moorland walk • Trad/vegetarian/vegan meals • Special diets

HOLIDAY ACCOMMODATION D A R T M O O R . Self-catering holiday accomodation for non-smoking vegans at V E G F A M ' s headquarters. SAE: T h e Sanctuary', near Lydford, Devon EX20 4 A L . 0 8 2 282203 (or 0462 456294).

L A K E D I S T R I C T luxury accommodation in 18C vicarage. We are 100% vegetarian and provide excellent vegan breakfast and dinner dishes. Beautiful walks f r o m the door. Modest tariff. Beech Tree, Coniston. ( 0 5 3 9 4 ) 4 1 7 1 7 .

L I G H T H O U S E A C C O M O D A T I O N in G w e n t with water bed room & flotation tank. Perfect for romantic weekend breaks.

Coastal walks, very relaxing. Resident Esoteric Astrologer. Tel. 0 6 3 3 810126.

Write or telephone

((

WeedaUe"

Tlx Saltings, Lelant St Ivts, Cornwall Td (0736) 753147 Quiet Country Hotel overlooking beautiful tidalestuary and bird sanctuary. Britain's oldest vegetarian and vegan hotel is family owned and stands in its own grounds dose to beaches and unspoilt coastal walks Superb cuisine and friendly personal service. Some rooms with shower/wc en suite

M I D W A L E S . Staylittle (Centre Alternative Technology, Machynlleth, 15 miles). Vegan/Vegetarian B & B . Nonsmoking B & B £10pp. Optional evening meal £6.50. Tel (05516) 425.

N O R T H P E N N I N E S . Wholefood vegetarian/vegan B & B / E M s . Overlooking quiet village. Licensed. N o Smoking. Open all year. 1 crown.

P E N Z A N C E . Self-catering accommodation for 3—4. Two miles from Penzance with large garden, sea and country views.

Occasional vegan meals available. Tel. 0 7 3 6 62242.

P O R T S M O U T H . Vegan/vegetarian wholefood B&B, optional evening meal.

Near ferries, historic ships, beach and countryside. Phone for brochure,

S T I V E S , Cornwall. Exclusively vegetarian/vegan guest-house overlooking St Ives Bay. Close to beach and scenic coastline.

Central heating. Children welcome.

Brochure:

S H R O P S H I R E . Bentley House 18C house in unspoilt countryside, close Ludlow, Strettons, Ironbridge. Exclusively vegetarian/vegan wholefood. Vegan proprietors. Central heating. N o smoking.

B&B, E M , packed lunches. Tel. 05887 255.

S O M E R S E T . Exclusively vegetarian guest house. All meals vegan. Bordering Devon and Dorset. It is an ideal base for touring, walking o r relaxing in our 16th century house. C r e w k e m e 0 4 6 0 73112.

S O M E R S E T . Vegetarian/vegan/wholefood B & B . A place to relax — Chestnut Farmhouse, Meare, Glastonbury BA6 9 T H . Contact: Wendy

MAIL ORDER

For further information and brochure please contact John and Pamela Barrett

T H O M P S O N VITAMINS The only range registered by the Vegan Society

Choose from our comprehensive range of unique multivitamin and mineral formulations Made from the purest allergen-free ingredients Multiplex (A balanced formulation for optimum health) 30 tablets £2.99 Super Mulitioiex (Help tor coping with stress) 30 tablets £5.99 Kiddipiex (Nice tasting and chewy for children) 30 tablets £4.69 Prices indude post and packing. Please state your requirements Cheques/POs to be made payable to Natures World Or send an SAE for details and prices of the complete range Naturae World, Creating Road, Stowmarket, Suffolk IP14 SAY.

"New Improved"

VEGAN HIKING BOOTS Tough, comfortable and lightweight New synthetic suede/nylon cordura uppers.

Ideal for hiking, leisure, sabbing etc.

New colour olive green. £45.00 incl. post & packing

LAKE DISTRICT

Designer Wares, 8 Ashwell Road, Bradford BD94AV Tel: 0274 483390

MISCELLANEOUS

BEECHMOUNT Hear Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 OLB

Vegetarian/vegan B&B, delightful country house accommodation. Situated in Beatrix Potter's picturesque village of Near Sawrey with its olde worlde inn, 2 miles from Hawkshead, Lake Windermere (car ferry) 2 miles. Delicious breakfast, lovely bedrooms with tea/coffee, TV, etc, and panoramic views over Esthwaite Water. Ideal centre for lakes, tarns, fells and Grizedale Forest Ambleside, Coniston and Bowness only a short distance away.

For details and booking

Tel.

OranNaMc

ara

Breathtaking views from this warm and welcoming non-smoking guest house set amongst the finest scenery in Britain. Ideally situated on the coast of Wester Ross, we offer spacious accommodation, delicious vegan and vegetarian food and lovely views across Lock Ewe from every room. Perfect for touring, walking, bird watching or just relaxing with our shelves of books. Self catering flat also available.

A M P L I F L A I R E returns the heat otherwise lost. Fits all stoves. Most efficient wood burners & C H boiler. Howard, 0462 456294. 38 Hampden Road, Hitchin SG4 OLD. H O U S I N G C O - O P . Large mansion undergoing total renovation. Aims and influences include permaculture, self sufficiency, alternative energy and sanitation, workers co-ops for crafts and produce.

Vegan wholefoods, vegan/organic methods veg. gardens, orchards, greenhouse. Events field with campers kitchen, plus indoor rooms for camps, courses, meetings with or without catering, low cost, taking bookings now. Visitors and 'Wwoofers' welcome. New members needed. Part of national Radical Routes' Network of housing and workers co-operatives and ethical investment scheme. Investment/loans welcome. Details, SAE, to: Earthworm Co-op, Wheatstone, Leintwardine, Craven Arms, Salop SY7 OLH. S T E L L A T E R R A E (Poem). Offers an important message about how the Earth may yet be saved. £3.50, Howard, c/o Vegfam's HQ.

Final copy date for SPRING 1992: 1 February 1 9 9 2

The Vegan. Winter 1991

V E G F A M feeds the hungry — vegetable foodstuffs, leaf protein, horticulture, irrigation, afforestation etc. The Sanctuary, Nr Lydford, Okehampton, Devon EX20 4AL. Tel. 0822 82203.

G O F R U I T A R I A N : Your natural weight and good health for ever more! SAE to

Non-commercial: centimetre

£4.50 per single column

Typesetting service (if required):

£2.00

PAYMENT P r e - p a y m e n t please by cheque o r postal order made payable to T h e Vegan Society'.

NURSING HOMES B E T H A N Y V E G E T A R I A N Nursing Home caters exclusively for vegetarians and vegans with wholistic therapy. 1 f t Oak Park Villas, Dawlish, Devon EX7 ODE. Telephone 0626 862794.

Eire and overseas: Payment must be by sterling cheque drawn on an English bank or by international money order.

PUBLICATION DATES

PERSONAL

material contrary to vegan principles.

Advertisements may be accepted from catering establishments that are not run o n exclusively vegan lines, provided that vegan meals are available and that the wording of such ads reflects this.

The submission of an advertisement is deemed to warrant that the advertisement does not contravene any Act of Parliament, nor is it in any other way illegal or defamatory or an infringement of any other party's rights or an infringement of the British Code of Advertising Practice.

March, June, September, December.

The Vegan Society reserves the right to refuse or withdraw any advertisement.

COPY DATES First of preceding month.

Final copy date for SPRING 1992: 1 February 1 9 9 2

CONDITIONS OF ACCEPTANCE

FASTING-WALKS

Advertisements are accepted subject to their satisfying the condition that the products advertised are entirely free from ingredients derived from animals; that neither products nor ingredients have been tested on animals; and that the content of such ads does not promote, or appear to promote, the use of non-vegan commodities. Books, records, tapes etc. mentioned in advertisements should not contain any

For some 5 years, organised small groups have been walking in the loveliest parts of Europe while fasting.

We cover 10-15 miles every day for a week. For most, it is a rewarding experience, both in losing weight and refreshing our mind and bodies.

Although every care is taken, the Vegan Society cannot accept liability for any loss or inconvenience incurred as a result of errors in the wording, or the late or nonappearance of an advertisement.

ALL LINEAGE AND SEMI-DISPLAY ADS MUST B E P R E - P A I D IMPORTANT Display and semi-display advertising is now dealt with by Steve Hack at: Eco Marketing, Queen Anne House, Charlotte Street, Bath Avon BA1 2NE. Tel. 0225 481463.

For further details, please contact:

When replying to an advertisement please mention that you saw it in . . .

Tel. 081-341 7696.

THE CUSTODIANS believe in God and veganism and speak for the animals.

Details from:

CONTACT

CENTRE

C O N T A C T C E N T R E is a f r i e n d s h i p agency, quite different from all others catering for vegans and vegetarians both in Britain and abroad, for any purposes.

CONTACT CENTRE is inexpensive and enables you to choose your friend(s) from detailed adverts and/or to write an advert yourself without disclosing your name and address.

C O N T A C T C E N T R E gives you full scope, you don't even have to complete a form. Instead a friendly ear is lent to every member.

As we cannot tell all in this advertisment, please write for membership details from:

CO Apr ACT BCM Cuddle, LONDON

CALLING AUTHORS & ARTISTS

CEO&WE WC1V

PUBLICATIONS AH1MSA. Quarterly magazine of the American Vegan Society. Veganism, Natural Living, Reverence for Life.

Calendar Year subscription $15. Address: 501 Old Harding Highway, Malaga, NJ 08328, USA.

RATES AND CONDITIONS

The Editor invites authors, artists and cartoonists to submit material for possible publication in The Vegan. Negotiable fees payable for work of suitable quality.

Please write to:

The Editor, The Vegan, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex, TN37 7AA. MSS or other original work submitted to be accompanied by an SAE.

6XX. All prices inclusive of VAT Series discount: prepaid): 10%

A nationwide introduction service for vegetarians, vegans and others who lead a healthy lifestyle.

Run by a member of the Vegan Society who puts you first (not the Porsche!)

Free registration and nothing to pay until you have first found one compatible friend, then all you pay for a years membership is £15.00. (no fee otherwise).

Concordia-VSgis is the honest and (genuinely) caring alternative introduction service.

For recycled, non glossy details Concordia-Vegis, P.O. B o x 165, Chesterfield S 4 1 O D T

33 The Vegan. Winter 1991

(4 consecutive insertions

Box No: (per insertion) £2.00 extra Lineage Commercial: £6.00 for 20 words (minimum) Additional words: 35p each Non-commercial: £4.50 for 20 words (minimum) Additional words: 25p each Semi-display (boxed) Commercial: £6.00 per single column centimetre

The Council and Staff wish all our readers a happy Yuletide and a healthy New Year

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENT ORDER FORM Please insert the following advertisement in the next

(LINEAGE)

issue/s of The Vegan under the heading (Please use capital letters)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

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Continue on a separate sheet if necessary. This form may be •

Box N o . (£2.00 extra). Tick if required

I enclose cheque/PO tor £ Name

photocopied.

L i n e a g e charges. See 'Rates and Conditions' • Copy. (£1.50). I require a copy ot The Vegan in which my ad. will appear

payable to 'The Vegan Society Ltd.' Address Post code

Tel. No.

Date

Signature

Return to: The Advertising Manager, The Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA. (Tel. 0424 427393)

262, KENSINQTON HIQH STREET LONDON W. 8

RESTRURRflT TEL. : 6034422

r 1 i

W

f M

f

l

H

T

^

r

t

r

j L

rtJJfl

i s f f f Britain's oldest Lebanese restaurant, established 1968.

We also serve vegetarian and vegan meals. A special set vegetarian or vegan menu at £6.85 per person (minimum of two people) consisting of nine different selections of hot and cold Lebanese hors d'oeuvres (Mezzeh).

THE MEXICAN RESTAURANT SPECIALISING IN VEGETARIAN/VEGAN + PIZZAS

HALF PRICE on WED nights CHRISTMAS PARTY SPECIAL

5

MEALS FOR THE PRICE OF

4

10% Discount for Vegetarian Society Members except Wednesday 14 Oxford Road • Manchester • lei: 061-236

8438

ALL OUR DISHES BOAST HIGH FIBRE, LOW FAT NATURAL INGREDIENTS, AND POSITIVELY NO ADDITIVES

34

The Vegan. Winter 1991

Deed of Covenant

The Vegan

CLUB DRAW C a s h prizes every

month!

A Deed of Covenant substantially increases your gift or subscription to the Vegan Society at no extra cost to yourself, because the Society is able to claim the income tax that you have paid.

Provided you are a taxpayer, the Society can claim an additional 33p (at current tax rates) for every pound you covenant.

The Deed need only apply for four years, assuring the Society of a regular income so that it can plan for the future. It is easy to complete and once made you only have to sign a claim form which we send you in the first year.

HOW YOUR CONTRIBUTION GROWS Here are some examples: Annual Tax Benefits Amounts Rebate over 4 years £ £ £ 10.00 3.33 53.22 50.00 16.66 266.64 75.00 25.00 400.00 If you wish to make a single donation, the Society can gain the same tax benefit if you use a Deposit Covenant.

For futher information, please contact: The Office Manager, Vegan Society, 7 Battle St Leonards-on-Sea,

Road,

If you enjoy a bit of a flutter why not help the Vegan Society at the same time?

Each month, three cash prizes will be drawn comprising 50% of that month's pool. The monthly stake is just £1.50 and you can enter as many times as you wish! On the last working day of each month, the winning entries will be drawn.

Just complete the application form below and enclose your remittance for 3, 6 or 12 months as required. Don't worry about forgetting to renew — you will be reminded in good time! All results will be published in The Vegan.

The Vegan

CLUB DRAW Name Address Postcode Please enter me for

months

I enclose cheque/PO payable to T h e Vegan Society' for £ 3 MONTHS (£4.50 per stake) 6 MONTHS (£9.00 per stake) 12 MONTHS (£18.00 per stake) Return to: Club Draw Organizer, The Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA.

This form may be

East Sussex TN37 7AA.

photocopied

The Vegan

:C

f.

1 ^Ly provides a range of ^ «1) r \ V I W^^exclusively vegan foods ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Its soya milk is ^ the most nutritious one in health stores being fortified with vegan calcium combined with vitamin D2 to absorb the calcium plus essential vitamins B2 & B12

Tel.No. stake/s for

CLUB DRAW RESULTS August 1991

It s innovatory

products

1st

228

J Lynch

include NUT CHOCOLATE & 0 A R O B CONFECTIONS soya based RICE PUDDINGS, CAROB SPREADS, V E E Z E - alternative to cheese spread

2nd

60

J Richardson

£31.72

3rd

23

N Thompson

£21.15

£52.88

September 1991

Please send me free literature, I enclose a SA.E.

1st

303

L Sellars

£52.50

Name

2nd

231

A Raven

£34.99

Address

3rd

289

R Hamilton

£17.51

PLAMIL FOODS LTD. Bowles Well Gardens, Folkestone, KentCT19 6PQ

35 The Vegan. Winter 1991

Multi-Purpose Cards Four multi-purpose blank cards and envelopes with original cartoons by regular contributor to Private Eye,. Pete Donohue.

Rec>cled card and envelopes.

• £1.50 CI

Writing Pad Pad with 50 sheets A5 size Woodland bond recycled paper, I each printed with the Vegan Society's logo and summary of its work.

• £2.25 W1

Poster 'Blood Curdling' poster by Paul Evans. Recycled paper.

•

75p

PI

T-Shirt

I

Rather daring 'All the Way' tee shirt.

100% cotton. XL. black only.

•

£7.50 T2

Profession/Skills Signature Tick as

appropriate:

• I am interested in veganism and enclose a large SAE for an Information Pack • I adhere to a vegan diet and wish to become a Vegan Society member. I undertake to abide by the Society's Memorandum and Articles of Association (£2 or may be viewed without charge at the Society's office) • Although not a vegan I support the Society's aims and wish to become an associate member • Individual £ 12 • Family/Joint £ 15 •

Unwaged individual £8

• Unwaged family/joint £10

•

Junior (under 18) £6

• Life £250

• Donation I enclose cheque/PO payable to T h e Vegan Society' for £ (£ membership + £ donation).

R e t u r n to: T h e Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-onSea, East Sussex T N 3 7 7AA

To Order \ilil poMaiv iV packing im.v "Order l onn'. p.iue and send \inir (.iwiiuc/IH) (made payable lo 'The Ycsian Society I.id" i lo: \ c g u n S w i e h Merchandise. 7 Buttle Road. Si l.eonards-nnSea. Last Susscv I \ 3 7 7 \ \