Wa Grower September 11 by vegetablesWA

$19.00 + GST

WA Grower Potato Growers Association Inc.

Agricultural Produce Commission

APC-VPC APC-PPC

SINCE 1948 Vol. 46 No 3. September 2011

Marketing hits mark Mega pests

Produced by

vegetablesWA

Management Committees

Cover photo: Tony Cosentino

Vegetable Growers Association

Contact details for Horticulture House vegetablesWA, Potato Growers Association, Western Potatoes Horticulture House 103 Outram Street West Perth 6005 t: (08) 9481 0834 f: (08) 9481 0024 e: office@vegetableswa.com.au

President

Executive Officer Jim Turley m: 0410 697 842 e: pga-vga@vegetableswa.com.au Policy and Program Manager John Shannon t: 0488 111 526 e: john.shannon@vegetableswa.com.au Marketing Manager Georgia Thomas m: 0431 444 918 e: georgia.thomas@vegetableswa.com.au

Maureen Dobra t: (08) 9575 2086

Gingin m: 0417 174 110

Vice President Paul Bogdanich m: 0421 575 124

Gingin

Treasurer Anthony Marinovich m: 0417 907 910

Committee H. Shapland K. Sue R. Shain M. Jones K. Edwards M. Lee D. Rigali A. Bogdanich M.Grubisa S. Calameri P. Wauchope

t: m: m: m: m: m: m: m: m: m: m:

(08) 9845 1064 0417 986 467 0429 988 809 0438 418 384 0427 724 243 0417 962 427 0407 447 524 0419 248 422 0413 050 182 0418 957 236 0400 717 600

Finance/Administrator/Magazine Advertising Neta Revivo t: (08) 9481 0834 e: finance@vegetableswa.com.au

Potato Growers Association

Communications Officer Hayley Wilson t: (08) 9481 0834 e: hayley.wilson@vegetableswa.com.au

Vice President

Field/Extentsion Officer Charlotte Butler m: 0427 373 037 e: charlotte.butler@vegetableswa.com.au

Andrew Tempra m: 0417 097 729

Life Members A.J. Anderson*, D.J. Arbuckle, J. Arbuckle Snr*, J.H. Arbuckle* (M.B.E.J.P), S. Calameri, G. Kiriros*, R.G.Leach*, F. Natoli, S. Sawle*, R.M. Schultz, C.P. Stevens, W.R. Stevens* (M.B.E.J.P), HR. Ashby*, Amy Harris*, A. Ingrilli. * deceased

Myalup/Bunbury

Albany Busselton Carnarvon Carnarvon Manjimup Metro Metro Gingin Metro North Metro South Gingin

President Sam Calameri m: 0418 957 236

Metro

Darryl Smith m: 0428 933 154

Busselton

Treasurer Manjimup

Committee C. Ayres B. Russell P. Patane S. Calameri G. Bendotti D. Ryan

m: m: m: m: m: m:

0428 451 014 0429 318 216 0407 993 580 0418 957 236 0427 569 903 0427 731 066

Albany Donnybrook Myalup Metro South Pemberton Pemberton

Western Potatoes Pty Ltd Chairman Ross Taylor

m: 0412 446 512

Executive Officer Georgia Thomas m: 0431 444 918

This issue of the WA Grower is brought to you by:

Non-Executive Director Simon Moltoni

m: 0427 761 693

A. Kirou R. Amos

m: 0400 996 153 m: 0400 996 180

• APC- Vegetable Producers Committee • Potato Growers Association • Western Potatoes • vegetablesWA

Articles reflect the opinions of the authors and are not necessarily those of the publisher.

WA Grower 24

Vol. 46 No 3. September 2011

Welcome to the latest edition of the WA Grower This edition of the WA Grower details the success of the recent vegetablesWA marketing pilot. Consumer research and focus groups found shoppers reacted very positively to the point-of-sale material we developed featuring Western Australia growers; and link this local origin to freshness and quality. As the results of this vegetablesWA initiative spread across the state the value of vegetable sales and the profile of our industry will increase. The removal of Dimethoate and Fenthion will have a large impact on the exports of tomatoes and other vegetables from this state. A number of articles in this edition explain the situation and the work being done using APC-VPC fee-for-service funds to find alternatives.

Your Industry Associations vegetablesWA marketing hits the mark President’s report

WA growers will no doubt be relieved that, although again below average, this winter has yielded better rainfall than the last. Those unable to attend the vegetablesWA meeting with the Department of Water in early September will be interested in a summary of the DoW’s presentation here in the magazine. Thank you to those growers who provided feedback on the last edition — it’s really useful to be able to fine tune it so it remains, as the overwhelming feedback described, as one of the premier publications in horticulture. I hope this edition is just as useful. vegetablesWA and the Potato Growers Association are continuing their work to ensure the current and future prosperity of our industry. If there are any issues we can help you with please let us know. John Shannon, Policy and Program Manager

Grower profile — Gary and Peter Paulik

Grower profile — Tony Cosentino

Spinach root rot project

Research on viruses in Carnarvon

Fracking: A devastating risk to groundwater

Fighting to keep Australia safe from Zebra Chip

Fee for service projects

New opportunity for farm businesses

Growers driving Good Practice agenda

Protecting potato seed from viruses

Young growers tour

Seed potatoes clear hurdles for overseas sale

Andrew Marshall obituary

Your Production

Vegetable Industry Development Program: Mega pests

The basics of protecting your crops

Managing chewing and biting insects

Managing foliar diseases

Managing sucking pests

Rural crime prevention

Managing soilborne diseases

How profitable is upgrading your greenhouse?

International potato push

Agribusiness loan monitor

APVMA calls time on dimethoate

Minimum conditions of employment

Methyl bromide alternative to dimethoate and fenthion

Tomato irrigation trial gears up for 2011–12 season

Managing the nematode threat

Poultry manure ban

Permits

Your Business

Your Environment

Combating biting fly

Your Market

School visits — Wembley Primary School

New look dressing and microwavers

FarmDay 2011

Keep in touch with the DoW

19th Annual Canteen Conference & Healthy Choice Food Expo

Vegetable Industry Development Program: Vegetable spotlight broccoli

Grants to realise big ideas from young rural innovators

Grower profile — Brett and Carol Metcalfe

Grower profile — Michael Le TLF Exports

Your Industry

Your Self

Opportunity knocks for rural women

Skills Audit and Learning Database

Vietnamese translations

84 WA Grower September 2011

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Your industrY associations

YOUR

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WA Grower September 2011

Your industrY associations

marketing WA PRODUCE

WA Grower September 2011

Your industrY associations

vegetablesWA marketing hits the mark

bY JoHN SHANNoN VEGETABLESWA

HP0857

The vegetablesWA marketing pilot has been hailed as a breakthrough success. The pilot ‘Retail Revitalisation’ showed that Western Australian consumers do respond to locally grown product to improve the value of vegetable sales and the profile of our industry.

7/11/05

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Formal industry analysis has increasingly supported the idea that an increased focus on consumers and marketing is a means of our industry expanding it’s horizons into the future. vegetablesWA has been developing a marketing pilot for some time and approached Buy West Eat Best and Woolworths to run it as a trial in the Ellenbrook store. In this store the vegetablesWA materials included a range of point-of-sale posters, banners and signs which emphasised local origin, seasonality and health benefits. Local origin of product was highlighted through images of actual growers who produced vegetables. Seasonality was highlighted through specific signage and health benefits of vegetables were communicated through recipe cards containing national R&D work and ‘Go for 2&5’ point-of-sale material. To prove the results, the pilot used the in-depth analysis of 200 consumer surveys

both before and after the pilot as well as customer focus groups.

The findings supported our initial studies which showed that consumers are most motivated by freshness, price and quality. Shoppers also consider buying seasonal vegetables and often look for what vegetables are in season. The research proved that consumers link local origin to freshness, quality and seasonality. The materials produced for the pilot featuring a range of local growers were found to improve the supermarket sales. In addition to wanting to support local growers and businesses, consumers were concerned about the quality control, chemical residues and unfair trading circumstances of produce grown elsewhere. A typical comment from a consumer was “Promoting that produce is predominantly

WA Grower September 2011

Your industrY associations

WA Grower September 2011

Your industrY associations

from local origin is very important. It is a big selling push. If we know they are pushing the local produce, we want to go there and shop.” Another customer said in their feedback that “I compare it to milk and the price war. I refuse to buy the cheapest option to support the local farmers, because otherwise you know you won’t be able to buy a fresh local product anymore in a few years.”

In addition to the benefits of improving the value of sales, the WA vegetable industry will also benefit from consumers identifying with and supporting their local vegetable industry when we publicly advocate a range of issues important to us. The pilot has attracted a lot of attention from industry participants from across the supply chain here in WA as well as nationally. Further proof of the pilot’s success is that we recommend you keep you eyes open in the coming months as Woolworths further invest in the vegetablesWA concept by rolling it across their chain of stores in WA. Marketing is certainly shaping up as a new way that we can make a difference for growers.

WA Grower September 2011

Your industrY associations

President’s report

bY mAUreeN DobrA VEGETABLESWA

Winter is officially over and rains have been good. Now all we need is finishing rains! However, we still have to be diligent with our water usage. Water meetings are being held from the south of Perth and also in the northern regions of Perth. They are being conducted by vegetablesWA and in conjunction with the Department of Water (DoW) during September. These meetings will update the growers with an update of the current water situation, the security and sustainability of our water and also help on the management of our water. I encourage all growers to attend these meetings. Recently I saw a segment of Landline on the ABC. It was talking about beef producers in the United States and a serious situation which had arisen. A husband and wife team were talking to cattle farmers from northern Queensland. They were explaining the benefits of social media — such as Facebook and Twitter. However, one of the other

WA Grower September 2011

promotion or marketing methods they were talking about was conversation. Especially in elevators! How many times do we step into an elevator and total silence happens. Now was the time to strike up a conversation and promote fresh, local vegetables. What about the checkouts at the supermarkets! We stand in line and wait in silence. Another opportunity strikes. On top of that the checkout operator thinks you are a wealth of knowledge! Recently, the majority of us would have received our rates. What a shock/horror it was to us, in the Gingin area. Some of us have had our rates doubled — if not trebled. If our land has been improved — it has been deemed intensive and rated accordingly. However, perhaps there is some light in the tunnel. If you would like to lodge a formal objection about your ratings, there is a form on the Landgate website which can be downloaded. It has to be lodged 60 days after receiving your rates. The webpage is www.landgate.wa.gov.au then find the objection page. On a much lighter note, with all of the winter rains we have had, now is the time to take notice of the magnificent wildflowers that are blooming in our beautiful state.

Andrew Marshall obituary A few words from Howard Shapland regarding the passing of Andrew Marshall on 4 July after a long illness. Andrew and his wife Elizabeth had three children and farmed 256 hectare beef and horticulture property at Torbay near Albany. Andrew has grown asparagus since 1972. He also grew sweetcorn, kiwifruit and passionfruit which were all sold through the Canning Vale markets or direct to certain outlets. In the early 70s Andrew and Liz had also tried other crops, strawberries beans, galia rockmelons and pick your own onions. Andrew was a fastidious grower always concentrating on quality and presentation. He was well recognised for this. He was a founding member of the WA Asparagus Growers Association. Also a founding member of the Albany Region Commercial Horticulturists. He chaired both these groups over many years as well as serving on the advisory board of the Denmark Agricultural School. His willingness to share information and participate will be sadly missed by all the young and old growers both near and far .It was always a learning experience to visit Andrew and Liz’s farm and see firsthand his innovative, enthusiastic and professional approach to growing and selling his crops. He was a quiet achiever and certainly helped put Torbay and Albany produce on the culinary map.

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Your Industry Associations

Fracking: A devastating risk to groundwater

WA Grower September 2011

Your industrY associations

bY JIm tUrLeY VEGETABLESWA

Hydraulic fracking is a process of injecting a mixture of approximately 73 per cent water laden with fine sand (42%) and various chemicals 3% under extremely high pressure (around 8500 pounds per square inch) into a shale formation below the earth’s surface in order to release petroleum, natural gas, coal seam gas, or other substances for extraction. This can be at the depth of approximately 2,000–5,000 metres.

First, a conventional well is drilled (vertically) to the required depth. Then directional drilling (horizontal) is carried out from the bottom of the vertical hole that follows the shale formation, whether it goes deeper or rises towards the surface.

When the drilling is completed they place explosive charges at regular positions along the horizontal well and fire them off to perforate the steel casing. Next, into the column they pump the water, sand and chemical solution at high pressure to force the sand 24% between the fractures in a tight formation that the explosion caused. This, in turn, stops the fractures from closing up along the targeted formation. Growers north of Perth have advised me a well, (name provided) that was fracked once used 200,000 litres of a mixture of sand and water and 6,000L/kg of chemicals. If they fracked it 18 times they would use 108,000L/kg of chemicals. Another well that was fracked once used four million litres plus a mixture and 120,000L of chemicals (the well name was provided). If they fracked this well 18 times they would use 72,000,000L of mixture containing 2,160,000L of chemicals. Two farmers in the Midwest have two ponds on the surface of their properties where the mining company stores the liquid (four million litres) of water, sand and chemical mixtures. One pond is lined with plastic and the other is lined with Bentonite drillers mud. The above two wells gives you a clear picture of the magnitude of the chemicals they could use and then combine these figures with the Chinchilla real life experience below.

Hydraulic fracking used to release petroleum, natural gas, coal seam gas, or other substances for extraction.

In an area around Chinchilla in Queensland there are around 30,000 wells with an estimated expansion target of over 100,000. These wells are targeting coal seam gas, which is much closer to the surface and have caused problems.

Gas and oil companies claim when they drill a new well, every precaution is taken to stop a blowout or contamination, however they “won’t guarantee it”. Gas and oil companies must advise the Department of Mines and Petroleum the chemicals they use to fulfil requirements under the Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Resources Act 1967. If the area of drilling is in an environmentally sensitive area the matter may be referred to ERA. The question is, what is an environmentally sensitive area? Having said that, there are no requirements under the Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Resources Act 1967 for public disclosure of the chemicals that are proposed to be used in hydraulic fracking process.

A devastating risk to groundwater With the oil and gas companies saying, “they can retrieve the chemicals” then where is the risk? If there is no risk why have France banned fracking? In the United States two states have banned fracking and another ten states have serious concerns. NSW have placed a moratorium on fracking activities. The risk centres around blowouts — leakages, that have happened in other parts of the world i.e. US and Europe. Contamination is spread by the fluid travelling up outside the bore-well casing and mixing with the ground water. If you Google fracking you will certainly witness the results of contamination. Mining applications for oil and gas that may use fracking for abstracting purposes, are spreading out all over our state including the horticulture areas. These are particularly concentrated in the Midwest where vegetables and fruit are produced. However, in arguably one of the state’s most pristine areas, Busselton — Margaret River region, drilling has already occurred. Finally, the question facing the community is do we protect the communities food security, or do we gamble with the risk of contaminating the ground water system?

WA Grower September 2011

Your industrY associations

Fee for service projects bY JIm tUrLeY EXECUTIVE OFFICER, APC-VPC

In June your APC Vegetable Producers’ Committee received approval for their budget in 2011–2012. The committee members consulted many growers in their regions, relating to all the proposals submitted for their approval from industry stakeholders.

the following projects and proposals were approved: 1. Developing Integrated Virus and Insect Management Strategies for Capsicums Grown in the Carnarvon Region

$35,000

2. Field Extension Officer

$50,000

3. Marketing and Promotion of Western Australian Vegetables 4. Managing Root Rot of Baby Spinach

$12,000

5. Good Practice for Producing Tomatoes — Drip Irrigation Systems

$40,000

6. Funding vegetablesWA 7. Dimethoate and Fenthion Alternatives 8. Training Inspectors to Recognise Varroa Mite that Attacks Bees totAl Amount of fundInG APProved

WA Grower September 2011

$120,500

$291,700 $50,000 $2,000 $601,200

Your Production

YOUR

Production

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Spraying with ‘soft’ pesticides will help maintain natural enemies.

Vegetable Industry Development Program

Mega pests

The basics of protecting your crops key IcP Principles • Know the history and nature of the pests in the seedling nursery and on your farm • be proactive — aim for prevention rather than eradication. Don’t wait for a crisis in pest control before you act. Pests have natural enemies — aim to preserve and increase them, and if they are available from an insectary, consider releasing reared natural enemies (also known as ‘beneficials’) in your crops • make sanitation on-farm your first priority after worker safety • monitor your crops and growing environment often • record crop and pest observations. Review your chemical effectiveness and resistance development • Gain confidence in ICp through education, observation and action. Seek trusted, qualified advisers to get you started and to assist with implementing ICP • Access training in the ICp principles for yourself and your staff • Use available resources — consultants, researchers, books, factsheets, internet • Understand why the ‘integrated’ approach is essential for success.

WA Grower September 2011

Cultivated crops are exposed to pressures from pests and the general environment. These pressures can be reduced by using an integrated approach to crop protection.

Why adopt IPc?

Integrated Crop Protection (ICP), also referred to as Integrated Pest Management (IPM), focuses on good decision making and requires consideration of the:

• Minimise synthetic pesticide use and residues

• Crop • Pests • Beneficial organisms • Growing environment

Growers have reported that adopting ICP strategies has allowed them to: • Re-gain control over chemical-resistant pests • Minimise worker and environmental impacts

• Satisfy consumers and the marketplace • Reduce costs • Meet quality assurance requirements. Implementation of the basic principles of ICP is the best starting point. Integration of these principles for your specific crop and pest situation will maximise their benefit.

• Farm workers

What is ‘integration’?

• Market requirements.

• Key ICP principles

Integration means combining two or more different management practices that are compatible i.e. practices that work well together, not against each other. For example, an effective ICP system might include cultural measures, release of beneficial organisms and the use of ‘soft’ pesticides when required to ensure that the beneficial organisms are not harmed.

• Components of ICP

use an adviser to get you started

ICP provides practical alternatives to conventional pest control that often relies on synthetic chemicals applied on a calendar basis. This article outlines the:

• Specific ICP steps • General management tools and options in ICP.

The most appropriate and effective crop protection programs are developed by teams that include growers, and researchers and/ or consultants experienced in ICP. They have

Your Production

specific knowledge and understanding of the stages of crop growth, key threats, impact of environmental conditions, and options available for protecting a crop from adverse events and organisms.

Growers and their advisers recognise prevention is preferable to on-going eradication of pests, and therefore take steps that allow specifically-targeted decisions and actions. ICP programs are unique to each season, each crop, and each region. The relative importance of pests varies year-to-year and you and your advisers will become skilled in evaluating the relevance and potential effectiveness of each step and what strategic adjustments are required to ensure continued improvement and timely responses.

the key components of an IcP Program Knowledge — learn about the key pests, their enemies and how they enter, grow, establish, survive and affect your crop, in your growing environment. Prevention — learn about the other factors that affect the relationship of the pests and the crop — planting time and location, variety planted, crop rotations, and irrigation and nutrient management. Make

decisions that reduce the potential impact of the pest, while promoting the crop’s chance to avoid or resist the pest. Monitor and observe — look at your crop often and learn when and where to look for signs of the pest presence, the pest itself, and its natural enemies. Respond — keep records of what you observe and learn how to interpret them. Know the relevant response options (including chemical treatments), the treatment thresholds (i.e. conditions that indicate a treatment is required) and the effective timing of the responses.

some key steps along your IcP pathway Knowledge • Know your suppliers and keep good records • Know your pests — have their identity confirmed, know their biology and behaviour, how they compete and their competitors, and the conditions that are conducive to their presence and spread • Understand and practice high-level site sanitation and worker and equipment hygiene • Know the effect of registered pesticides (chemicals used to control pests, including synthetic or biologically derived insecticides, fungicides and herbicides) on natural enemies and beneficials

Using a hand lens to monitor crops.

• Know the paddock history — previous crops and their soil insect, nematode, weed and disease loads.

prevention • Conduct pre-plant tests for soilborne pests • Only plant suitable material — resistant varieties, treated seed, disease-free and insect-free seed, seedlings or cuttings • Do not plant new crops near crops of the same type that are about to be harvested or that have unmanageable pest problems, and do not plant consecutive crops that are in the same family (eg crops in the Solanaceae family such as tomato, potato, eggplant and capsicum) in the same patch or paddock • Recognise ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ — organisms, plant appearance • Minimise plant stress — optimise soil preparation and soil health, water and nutrient applications • Avoid mechanical damage to plants • Remove plant waste and non-commercial vegetation that harbours pests; promote vegetation that harbours beneficials.

monitor and observe • Understand the weather forecasts of relevance • Monitor your crops and use experienced crop scouts to follow populations of pests and beneficials, and to identify and assess severity of diseases. Use sticky traps, pheromone traps, leaf wetness sensors, disease prediction models, and insect development models to assist.

respond Growers, researchers, consultants and advisers working together to develop an ICP system for wasabi.

• Set some goals, plan and define your measures of ‘success/failure’ • Consider schedule changes WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

• Protect the environment — maintain soil and water resources, minimise chemical reliance • Use pesticides as needed but do not rely on them.

What management options are available? Cultural, physical or mechanical options — these options often allow the crop to avoid, resist or delay interaction with the pest. They include — suitable site selection, fallow periods, crop-free periods on a regional level, planting date changes that consider pest flights and/or weather, minimising old/new crop overlaps, resistant varieties, crop rotation, roguing (removal of sick/dying plants), insect screens, positive greenhouse pressure, removal of pest habitats, establishment of refuges for beneficials, restricted people movement. Chemical options — these options involve using natural, biological, ‘soft’ or narrowspectrum chemicals to alter pest behaviour, to attract pests for monitoring purposes, to reduce the presence or impact of pests, or to change the attractiveness of the host crop.

Examples of chemical options used in ICP include pheromones, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and biofumigation.

A selection of helpful resources There are many additional useful resources that can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVEG website. Go to the ‘Technical Insights’ page and then to the ‘R+D Insights Database (search engine)’ where you can initiate a search using key words. Resources include: 1. I nsect Pest Guide: a guide to identifying vegetable insect pests and their natural enemies in the dry tropics. To order, contact: John.Brown@deedi.qld.gov.au 2. P ests, diseases, disorders and beneficials in greenhouse vegetables. To order from the Industry & Investment NSW (I&I NSW) website, go to: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/resources/ bookshop/veg-ipm-field-idguide 3. T hrips and Tospovirus — A Management Guide. Download from: www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_11607.htm

handbook — 2010, DEEDI. May be downloaded at: www.dpi.qld.gov.au/26_19983.htm 6. L ettuce Leaf newsletters: Download from: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/resources/ periodicals/newsletters/lettuce-leaf 7. K eep It Clean. Free to all Australian vegetable-levy-paying greenhouse growers. May also be purchased. Request or purchase via the following link: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/ horticulture/greenhouse/pest-disease/ general/preventing/keep-it-clean Factsheets produced in conjunction with ‘Keep it Clean’: these fact sheets provide excellent start-up information for both greenhouse and field producers. Go to the Keep it Clean web page and click on the titles to download copies.

4. Revegetation by Design. May be downloaded at: www.sardi.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0008/44945/reveg_by_design_ guidebook.pdf

8. Improving Soil Health for Yield and Profit in Vegetables. 2010. Factsheet produced by the VicDPI Vegetable Soil Health Team. Download from: www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07008_Soil_ Health_brochure.pdf

5. Identification of insects, spiders and mites in vegetable crops — Workshop manual (second edition), and Identification of insects, spiders and mites in vegetable crops — Trainer’s

9. S oil Health for Vegetable Production in Australia. 2010. Factsheet produced by DEEDI. Download from: www.dpi.qld.gov.au/26_17025.htm

Resistance options — resistant varieties limit the impact of pests and should be used whenever available and horticulturally suitable. Biological options — these options rely on natural enemies or introduced organisms that limit the impact of a pest, e.g. practices that boost or extend the habitats and populations of beneficials, parasitoids, antagonists and predators or that promote a crop’s acquired resistance. Beneficials include all predatory insects, mites and spiders; parasitic wasps, nematodes and flies; and fungi or bacteria that attack pests or outcompete them for potential infection sites. Commonly seen beneficials include: ladybird beetles, damsel bugs, Aphidius (a wasp that parasitises aphids), Trichogramma (a wasp that parasitises moth eggs), brown and green lacewings, Persimilis predatory mites, and native earwigs. These beneficials all play a significant role in ICP.

WA Grower September 2011

Learn about the enemies of key pests, such as this green lacewing.

Acknowledgement Text and photos supplied by Prue McMichael, Lauren Thompson (Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd) and Sandra McDougall (Industry & Investment NSW).

The Vegetable Industry Development Program is funded by HAL using the vegetable levy and matched funds from the Australian Government.

Your Production

Vegetable Industry Development Program n. tcor wee s n o ding e fee a v r a l othis Heli

Mega pests Managing chewing and biting insects What is the nature of these pests?

IcP tips for managing chewing and biting pests • Use resistant varieties • Consider planting time of crops • Identify and monitor populations of both pests and beneficials — including eggs, small larvae, and adults • Understand available management options and effective biopesticides • Understand conducive environmental conditions — for pests, beneficials and biological insecticides • Disrupt pest life cycles by targeting overwintering and survival sites • Know your acceptable limits for damage and identify when you may need to spray.

Corn earworm (Helicoverpa armigera), native budworm (Helicoverpa punctigera) and diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella) are destructive pests. The caterpillars (larvae) of these pests are difficult to control for a number of reasons including development of resistance to chemicals, rapid population increases, and the crops themselves (e.g. sweetcorn, Brassica crops, lettuce) make complete spray coverage difficult. A desperate need for more affordable and effective control of DBM and corn earworm has led many growers to seek help, and then trial and implement Integrated Crop Protection (ICP) systems. In ICP, the aim is not zero pests, but rather sustainable pest management to reduce damage to below economic levels. ICP (also referred to as IPM) considers the production system as a whole, including all pests and the importance of soil health. The management of ‘heliothis’ and DBM is complex. Knowing what beneficial organisms are present in your crops, and their relationship with the pest, is necessary in order to make treatment decisions. The crop stage, pest pressure, number of beneficials and whether they are increasing or decreasing must be known, and therefore monitoring and scouting are particularly important. This article summarises the information you’ll need to start sustainably managing these chewing and biting pests in your crops.

What attracts these pests? Warm, humid weather and developing crops (including sweet corn, Brassica crops and lettuce) provide the perfect environment for

DBM and heliothis. The climate in southeast Queensland is particularly attractive but in all states, crops are susceptible at certain times of the year. The continuous presence of susceptible hosts in combination with overuse of broad spectrum synthetic chemicals (and resultant chemical resistance) has given rise to more reports of poor pest control, variable produce quality and lack of reliability of income.

How can I protect my farm from these caterpillars? Start looking, monitoring and recording your observations Look at incoming transplants and make sure they are clean and free of eggs and larvae. Scouting is particularly important in lettuce and brassicas because every part of the plant in all stages of their development, are subject to attack and therefore need examination for larvae and eggs and for the presence of beneficial organisms. Weather monitoring is also critical because temperatures affect the generation times of pests, natural enemies and beneficials that have been introduced.

Start early Wireworms, cutworms and armyworms attack newly transplanted and emerging crops. Walk through your crops, investigate the cause of any recent damage, turn over leaves, look for eggs, set up and check pheromone and moth traps. The appearance and location of corn earworm eggs have predictive value, giving an early indication of when hatching might occur and how extreme the threat might be. Black/silvery eggs have usually been parasitised by predatory wasps and are unlikely to hatch. If larvae emerge, they WA Grower September 2011

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burrow quickly into the heart of developing crops, and become impossible to see or treat. Monitoring at the crop’s heart stage requires cutting open the heads to check for caterpillars. Sampling may be at random but it is more informative when the relative feeding damage on wrapper leaves is recorded for each inspected head.

Sampling charts are useful as they provide growers with a guide to the minimum number of plants to be checked, to give confidence the results from them are valid and representative of the whole block. Implementing ICP — understanding beneficials Predicting the potential effectiveness of ICP requires understanding of the damage thresholds and the targets of each ICP practice. The ICP approaches that consider both the pest life cycles and the stages at which crops are most at risk, are likely to be more effective. Wasps, shield bugs, tachnid flies and earwigs are more specifically beneficial to the control of caterpillars. If the number of beneficials is high, chemical treatments may not be needed. However, when numbers are low, pest populations may build rapidly and biopesticides, introduced

A selection of helpful resources There are many additional useful resources that can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVEG website. Go to the Technical Insights page and then to the R+D Insights Database (search engine) where you can initiate a search using key words. Available resources include: 1. S couting protocol for lettuce incorporating IPM. 2005. Dimsey R. etal www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DPI/nrenfa.nsf/93a9 8744f6ec41bd4a256c8e00013aa9/04e0d de54a7d885cca2575700011d0 5c/$FILE/ ATTIM978/Scouting.pdf 2. C orn Earworm Control in Lettuce. 2005. Dimsey R. et al www.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/nrenfa.nsf/9 3a98744f6ec41bd4a256c8e00013aa9 /04e0dde54a7d885cca2575700011d 05c/$FILE/ATTHW83H/Heliothis.pdf 3. National Diamondback Moth Project Website (Via the ‘Publications’ link, you can download a handbook, newsletters, a chart showing the impact of insecticides on natural enemies, etc.)

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beneficials, or narrow-spectrum insecticides may be needed. Predatory wasps such as Diadegma, Trichogramma and Telenomus, spiders, lacewings, damsel bugs and ladybird beetles may feed on moth eggs and caterpillars, but they also offer relief against some aphids and/or thrips. The nature of commerciallyavailable beneficials and biopesticides and their sensitivities need to be understood so their use and introduction is effectively timed. Biopesticides include Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a bacterium that is applied as a spray (e.g. sold as Dipel®). Bt is effective against all caterpillars that eat it including Helicoverpa and DBM larvae. Bt spray coverage needs to be complete and it should target egg hatching and young larvae stages.

Trichogramma — an important egg parisitoid of moth eggs

www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pestsdiseases/ horticulture/horticultural_pests/ diamondback_moth 4. Diamondback moth sampling plan — further information. VIC DPI new.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/ pests-diseases-and-weeds/pestinsects/ag0512-diamondback-moth/ samplingplan/ further-information 5. Sweet Corn Integrated Pest Management (IPM). 2003. VegeNotes www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VegeNote-Sweet corn-IPM.pdf 6. Sweet Corn Pests and their Natural Enemies — an IPM Field Guide. 2000. Llewellyn R. www.bookshop.qld.gov.au/ProdView.asp x?popup=1&Category=SXXC306020&Pro duct=1864239727 7. Lettuce Leaf — all issues: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/resources/ periodicals/newsletters/lettuce-leaf 8. Lettuce Leaf (specific issues — Sept 2007, July 2007): www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0004/167278/Issue29-0707. pdf http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) is another ICP management tool. It is a viral pathogen that is species specific, i.e. Gemstar® and Vivus® are formulations of the Helicoverpa NPV and are only effective when eaten by heliothis caterpillars. It is most effective against young caterpillars, therefore it must be applied to sweet corn silks where egg laying is most prevalent. Other chemistries like spinosad (e.g. sold as Entrust® or Success®) affect the nervous system of heliothis, some thrips and beetles and provides a quick, safe ‘knockdown’. These technologies are safe to use and safe for the environment. However, overuse of any one product may lead to the development of resistance. The sweet corn and Brassica industries have led the way on implementing effective and sustainable ICP measures against chewing insects. Sweet corn growers in SE Queensland have been successfully managing corn earworm in situations where scouting and monitoring has supported decision making and environmental conditions have suited the application of biological pesticides, and the establishment of parasites and predators. See the Case study on the following page. assets/pdf_file/0003/201882/Issue30-2007.pdf 9. Resources recently developed for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Lettuce and Brassicas include: a. Guides for lettuce and brassicas which outline the key issues that should be considered when implementing IPM on a whole of crop basis. The guides should be used in conjunction with the items below. b. The posters ‘Brassica crop protection products’ and ‘Lettuce crop protection products’, which provide a list of Heliothis larvae with parasitoid registered chemicals and aMicroplitis guide as wasp to cocoon their potential impacts on beneficials. c. A poster providing an overview of Best Practice IPM. These resources can be accessed at: www.hin.com.au Type in keywords such as lettuce, brassica and best practice IPM to initiate a search on the Home or Search page. If you have difficulty locating these resources contact either Rob Dimsey on 0427 592 006 or David Carey on 0427 718 571.

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Case study Success with managing corn earworm in Queensland using ICP approaches Loss of pest control, the economics of conventional control and variable product quality were the major reasons the Lockyer Valley sweet corn growers took a regional approach and gravitated to ICP for corn earworm management. In particular, the growers have made monitoring a routine practice and have developed skills in making timely introductions of beneficials.

Important steps taken by successful growers Experienced ICP researchers have helped introduce ICP practices to Lockyer Valley growers. The growers realised early on they needed training as they were not familiar with the pest life cycle or that of the native beneficials. They were trained in how to recognise pests and beneficials in their various life cycle stages, when and where to monitor for them, and how to effectively protect beneficials by limiting the use of synthetic insecticides.

Soil monitoring Because spring-summer sweetcorn crops are at greatest risk, soil monitoring starts in the winter with over-wintering heliothis pupae the target of inspections. In one-metre row lengths, growers dig carefully to expose emergence tunnels and look for pupae in the chambers. The pupae are usually found in the upper 10cm. If more than one pupa is found in 10m2, the growers will cultivate to disrupt the pest’s life cycle.

Use of beneficials The egg parasitoid wasp (Trichogramma pretiosum) is hard to monitor directly because of its tiny size, but sweet corn growers have become confident about finding new (white) and parasitised (shiny black) heliothis eggs. Brown eggs are nearing hatching and therefore their numbers provide information on the

expected pest pressure and required timing of action. The more black eggs found, the lower the necessity for pestspecific action.

Regular monitoring Up to the tasselling stage, the sweet corn growers check the whole plant during weekly scouting. Thereafter, the monitoring becomes twice weekly and the tassels and the silks are the main inspection points. The growers apply Bt and NPV sprays at this time. For many growers these are the only spray applications until just prior to harvest. Sensitivity to ultra-violet light makes late afternoon spraying of these biopesticides necessary and modifications to boom sprayers have enabled the sprays to be directed at the cobs. The effectiveness of these treatments is constantly reviewed by growers who make adjustments specific for their crop and equipment.

Summary Use of ICP to control chewing insects can reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals, and reduce labour requirements (as a result of an overall reduction in spraying). Today, synthetic pesticides are a rarely used ‘fall back’ practice instead of a routine ‘first choice’ practice. However, some ICP growers believe consumers are not ready to accept ladybird beetles or wasps in their produce, even though they are harmless and often dead, and to ensure these contaminating organisms are not present they use synthetic sprays approximately three days before harvest. It is expected that consumer education will result in changes in market requirements, which will provide future drivers for the expansion of the already successful ICP approach.

Acknowledgement Text and photos supplied by Prue McMichael and Lauren Thompson (Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd) and Sandra McDougall (Industry & Investment NSW).

The Vegetable Industry Development Program is funded by HAL using the vegetable levy and matched funds from the Australian Government.

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Vegetable Industry Development Program

Mega pests Managing foliar diseases This article summarises the information you’ll need to get started on the sustainable management of some difficult foliar threats to your crops.

IcP tips for managing foliar diseases • Use resistant or tolerant varieties • Use clean transplants • Implement high-level site hygiene • Understand the influence of plant spacing and air circulation • Understand the implications of free moisture and the effect of irrigation timing • Understand the influence of planting time and overlapping crops • monitor crops regularly and use predictive models • Understand fungicide resistance and rotation of chemical groups.

To protect vegetable crops and seedlings from diseases, make sure the cropping area is free of plant debris and weeds.

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While there are no biological organisms that have proved reliable in the control of these foliar pathogens, reduced crop damage and on-farm costs have been widely achieved with strategies that consider weather, irrigation timing, plant varieties and spacing. Many growers have implemented this Integrated Crop Protection (ICP) approach and achieved success in the management of these pests.

ICP (also referred to as Integrated Pest Management (IPM)) considers the production system as a whole, including all pests and the importance of soil health. What is the nature of these fungi?

infected seed and is spread longer distances in infected plant material and by wind. There is a range of chemicals registered for controlling mildews but very few for white blister control. Growers and nurseries have variable success with chemical treatments because the completeness of spray coverage and spray timing affect the level of control achieved, especially by nonsystemic products. Foliar pest management requires a good understanding of: • The fungi • The periods during which the crops are susceptible • The influence of environmental conditions. Many growers have found that a useful starting point is to work with a trusted and experienced ICP consultant or researcher. Good management will be assisted by: • A commitment to farm sanitation • Monitoring of weather conditions (especially temperature, humidity and leaf wetness)

Mildew fungi survive in infected plant material (both weeds and commercial crops). Fungi with the common name ‘mildew’ are numerous and each has a different life cycle and preferred hosts. Downy mildews and powdery mildews behave very differently and thrive under different conditions.

• Knowledge of relevant disease prediction models

The cause of white blister (Albugo candida) is related to other water-loving fungi like the downy mildews. It attacks all above-ground parts of most cruciferous and Brassica crops and weeds. It survives in soil, plant debris and

Downy mildews

• Awareness of resistant varieties and appropriate crop rotations • The ability to detect early symptoms on your crops.

These fungi generally form spores on the underside of leaves when they are damp or wet. High humidity and mild temperatures favour downy mildew, but not all hosts are

Downy mildew on lettuce.

equally susceptible. Resistant and tolerant varieties of cucurbits exist but clean transplants are essential to give all crops a good start. Leaf wetness favours downy mildew so avoid morning watering and high humidity. Dataloggers that record temperature and relative humidity provide some direction on when to irrigate. Direct sun and good ventilation help reduce disease threat even in the most susceptible varieties. Cultural methods can also improve air circulation such as leaf trimming and plant spacing.

Powdery mildews These fungi are very common in vegetable crops especially those grown in greenhouses. Cucumbers, capsicums, tomatoes, peas, and carrots suffer but some tolerant or resistant varieties exist and these have the best potential of growing and producing as expected. The fungi grow best at 20–25°C and the first signs of infection appear in spring. Symptoms include powdery patches on most aboveground surfaces but the leaves suffer most. Fungicides have been the most commonly used control method, but the disease pressure often results in fungicide overuse and development of chemical resistance.

White blister White blister requires 3–4 hours of free moisture in mild (6–24°C) temperatures for spores to germinate and infect leaves or heads of developing cauliflower and broccoli plants. These conditions occur frequently in greenhouses and in fields during spring and summer mornings. Watering in the morning (around 4am) rather than at dusk, and avoidance of overhead irrigation, are important steps in the integrated management of this disease.

Powedery mildew on watermelon.

How can I protect my vegetable crops and seedlings from these diseases? Get started by making sure your seedling supplier uses good seed, and provides the highest quality seedlings and transplants. Check all incoming seedlings and isolate them from your production areas.

Clean up your production site and practise the highest level of hygiene in and around all blocks. Because spores spread from infected plant material, make sure the cropping area is free of plant debris and weeds. To limit the spread of spores to a new planting on your farm, make sure new crops are not in close proximity to older, infected crops. Very few vegetables have resistance to the mildews, but tolerant varieties should be planted whenever possible. White blister may develop on some broccoli and cauliflower varieties, but most cabbages are tolerant or resistant.

If these diseases are already on my property, what can I do? There are no registered or consistently effective biological control agents for the mildews. This is why fungicides have been routinely used in their management. Many chemicals within different classes are registered and therefore chemical rotation to slow the development of resistance is possible, and should be practised along with effective spray technology. Sulphur is the most widely used fungicide for powdery mildew control and despite resistance build-up being unlikely, sulphur is not suitable for use on all crops, nor during hot weather. For some downy mildews, copper is very effective.

Photo: Caroline Donald, DPI VIC

Photo: David B. Langston, University of Georgia

Photo: Gerald Holmes, Valent USA Corporation

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White blister on broccoli.

Controlling mildews — Grower success stories ICP approaches for controlling foliar diseases are well-developed and have allowed some vegetable growers to reduce their dependence on chemicals while improving their produce quality and reducing their costs and the threat of residues. Growers have had success in many areas and their stories have common threads. Each disease, season and crop system is different but many growers have learned to assess and integrate the available ICP elements to maximise the protection of their crops.

How have the growers adapted their practices? Managing the mildews Most success stories with downy mildew control in vegetables have seen growers incorporate the planting of resistant varieties, strict farm hygiene and weed control, and specific cultural practices that include crop-free periods, irrigation (and humidity) management that avoids long wet periods, and monitoring for early symptoms on older leaves. Lettuce growers have also found that avoiding high ammonium nitrate in their crops gives additional protection against downy mildew. The growers who have successfully implemented ICP for powdery mildew management have a good understanding of the ‘at risk’ periods. For greenhouse crops this period is on-going, but in most other environments crops are at risk until hot weather arrives. Sulphur and other registered products are useful tools. Where sulphur is the basis of prevention, growers know they must have excellent spray coverage and for some crops this has triggered equipment adjustment and spray WA Grower September 2011

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Figure 1 BrassicaSpot risk prediction for Werribee South trial

coverage monitoring in addition to early monitoring of symptoms on young leaves.

White blister crop walking 300

Managing white blister

200 100 0

1 May 05

1 Jun 05

1 Jul 05

1 Aug 05

1 Jul 05

1 Aug 05

1 Jul 05

1 Aug 05

Min/max temperatures

30 20 10 0

1 May 05

1 Jun 05 Hours of leaf wetness

20 10 0

1 May 05

1 Jun 05

Source: Department of Primary Industries, Victoria

A selection of helpful resources There are many additional useful resources that can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVEG website. Go to the Technical Insights page and then to the R+D Insights Database (search engine) where you can initiate a search using key words. Available resources include: 1. M anaging Downy and Powdery Mildew, Anthracnose and White Blister. 2010. A four page factsheet produced as part of the Vegetable Pathology Program. May be downloaded using the following link: www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07070_ Foliar_Diseases_brochure.pdf 2. Best Practice — Downy Mildew in Vegetables and Best Practice — Powdery Mildew in Vegetables. These two factsheets were produced as part of the Vegetable Pathology Program. They provide information on economic and sustainable control of the diseases. To access these factsheets: Login to the secure area of the AUSVEG website.

Go to the ‘Technical Insights’ page, click on ‘R+D Insights Database (search engine)’ and in the Keywords area type the search term ‘best practice’. When you click ‘Search’ the results will include these two factsheets, TL173 and TL175. 3. D owny mildew of brassicas. A two page factsheet downloadable via the following link: vegetablesvictoria.com.au/pdf/ r&d_NY9406_Downy_Mildew_seedling_ factsheet.pdf 4. Sustainable integrated control of foliar diseases in greenhouse vegetables. This website reports on a project that involved screening of fungicides for the diseases powdery mildew, downy mildew and Botrytis spp. The project also aimed to develop management strategies that enable greenhouse growers to minimise the use of fungicides and adopt a more integrated management approach. Individual fact sheets produced as part of the project are also available from this website: www.sardi.sa.gov.au/ pestsdiseases/horticulture/horticulture_ pathology/foliar_diseases_of_ greenhouse_vegetables

The impact of white blister on some susceptible crops has been greatly reduced by strategies that integrate irrigation timing and resistant varieties. A predictive model (BrassicaSpot) that predicts an infection period through assessment of temperature and leaf wetness has been developed (see Figure 1). This model in association with spore trap results has given growers information on the likelihood of infection, and therefore justification for a well-timed chemical treatment. In some cases it has resulted in growers reducing their weekly broccoli head sprays by 90%. Copper sprays continue to be effective in white blister programs but trials with sodium lauryl sulphate and with the organism Streptomyces lydicus have given inconsistent results so far.

5. Diseases of Vegetable Crops. Persley D. et al. 2010. This book is a key reference for diseases affecting vegetable crops in Australia and includes a diagnostic guide. It can be ordered via the following link: www.publish.csiro.au/ nid/18/pid/6057.htm 6. Integrated disease management in greenhouses. This web page details the integrated practices that result in effective disease management in greenhouses. www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/ agriculture/horticulture/greenhouse/ pest-disease/general/idm 7. Management of White Blister (Albugo candida) on Broccoli is a web-based factsheet that can be accessed via the following link: new.dpi.vic.gov. au/agriculture/pests-diseases-andweeds/plant-diseases/grains-cereals/ generalvegetable- diseases/whiteblister-on-broccoli/management-ofwhite-blister

Acknowledgement Text and photos supplied by Prue McMichael and Lauren Thompson (Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd).

WA Grower September 2011

The Vegetable Industry Development Program is funded by HAL using the vegetable levy and matched funds from the Australian Government.

WA Grower September 2011

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Mega pests

Managing sucking pests These pests can damage plant buds, leaves and vegetables directly and many are resistant to insecticides. Calendar-based spray programs are expensive and often ineffective.

To sustainably manage these pest-virus complexes it is important to understand:

You will need an integrated approach to monitor not just the pests but also the beneficials that are naturally-occurring or introduced into your crops.

• Avoid overlapping crops or kill pests in residue before planting again nearby

This article summarises the information you’ll need to sustainably manage the sucking pests of your crops and outlines a capsicum grower’s personal experience in adopting Integrated Crop Protection (ICP) and achieving success in managing western flower thrips (WFT) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV).

• Know the pests you have, or are targeting

What is the nature of sucking pests?

• Understand ‘soft’ foliar treatments and how to achieve maximum spray coverage

Whiteflies suck out plant nutrients and inject toxic saliva into the many plants they feed on. Some whiteflies and the currantlettuce aphid (CLA) may leave a sticky residue (on which sooty mould develops) where they feed. During feeding, whiteflies, CLA and thrips are capable of introducing viruses to plants, and these result in yield and quality problems such as distorted, unevenly ripened vegetables. Viruses can’t be controlled — so they must be prevented! WFT transmit TSWV; onion thrips carry Iris Yellow Spot Virus; and Silverleaf whitefly (SLW) transmits gemini viruses like Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl. CLA, although mostly a contamination pest of salad vegetables, may transfer cucumber mosaic and lettuce mosaic viruses.

IcP tips for managing sucking pests • Site sanitation — weeds, infested plants, crop debris must be removed • Use clean transplants — don’t introduce the pests • monitoring — early detection and population knowledge are musts! • Crop-free periods may work — have a collaborative approach to achieving this in your districts

• Know the impact of your insecticides on beneficials • Understand resistance management and chemical groups • Use chemical insecticides only when necessary and do not rely on them • Don’t keep treating with something that’s not working!

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• The pest life cycles • Environmental conditions that are favourable for the pest at each stage • The viruses they carry • Your prevention options.

Many growers have found that experienced ICP researchers and consultants have provided valuable guidance, specific help and insights. How can I protect my crops from these sucking pests? Clean up! Keep alert and monitor! Take these important first steps: • Remove broadleaf weeds and waste piles • Create buffer areas or corridors of nonhost vegetation around your sites • Inspect all in-coming plants • Restrict people and vehicle movement • Walk through your crops often.

If these sucking pests are already in my crops, what can I do? Get started on an integrated management program. These programs utilise a range of management options and minimise

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other beneficials or using â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;softâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; pesticides, including things like soap or oils) will vary with the pest and the crop. Cucurbits for example are very sensitive to SLW and the action threshold is often based on the number of adults per leaf.

In young crops ten adult SLW per trap in a week is a warning of high populations and treatment is needed.

Monitoring yellow sticky card in young capsicum crop.

reliance on chemicals. Take it step-by-step as suggested below. Start monitoring. For thrips, use blue or yellow sticky traps to capture adults. For SLW use yellow traps and check with a hand lens under the young leaves for adults and red-eyed nymphs. Make weekly, or (in summer) twice weekly inspections. Checking for adult whiteflies is best done

in the mornings at the edge of blocks. For CLA, check the inner leaves of lettuce, endive or radicchio. Working with experienced ICP specialists can be helpful and rewarding. Discuss with them the results of your monitoring and your cropping environment. The pest thresholds that will trigger a response action (eg introducing parasitoids or

The introduction of predators has shown great potential in managing sucking pests. The brown smudge bug (Deraeocoris signatus) is reportedly an effective predator of SLW. The wasps Eretmocerus and Encarsia are reported as having a significant impact on reducing SLW populations in Queensland. Predatory mites like Amblyseius cucumeris (cucumeris mite) and the minute pirate bug, Orius armatus (Orius) are effective on immature and/or adult WFT and onion thrips. A soilborne predatory mite, Hypoaspis aculeifer, has also been shown to reduce thrip populations.

WA Grower December 2009 25 WA Grower September 2011 11

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Case study ICP approaches for managing western flower thrips (WFT) in capsicums — the steps to success on the Cafcakis property on the northern Adelaide plains Awareness The Cafcakis brothers’ have engaged a number of experts in ICP on their property north of Adelaide to assist in protecting their hydroponic greenhouse capsicums. They had lost control of WFT in their crops and plant losses due to TSWV were above 60%. This motivated the brothers to attend their first WFT workshop in 2001. At the workshop they realised their spray coverage needed review. Their first proactive step in overcoming their significant crop losses was to make adjustments to their spraying. With the assistance of SARDI and the use of fluorescent dye, it was demonstrated that they had poor spray coverage and a significant amount of chemical was wasted through off-target application. With changes in droplet size, jets and application pressure, they achieved better coverage and also improved pest control with 75% less chemical. This raised the growers’ awareness of the multi-faceted nature of pest management, and of the commercial benefits that could be derived from an ICP approach. Their commitment to integrated practices and improved sustainability was firmly established.

Action and ‘re-action’ In August 2005, using expert assistance, the Cafcakis brothers commenced with a major site clean-up and started raising their own seedlings. When WFT emerged soon after the crop was planted, it was suspected that the weed mat had harboured WFT pupae. The fumigant dichlorvos was applied to suppress the early WFT, but thereafter broad spectrum pesticides were withheld from the crop. Their advisers suggested the introduction of the cucumeris mite, a predator of WFT available commercially. Ladybird beetles and a parasitoid wasp were also introduced. In addition, the growers committed considerable resources to roguing (i.e. removing and destroying) plants that had damage symptoms and this seemed to limit the spread of thrips.

Monitoring Monitoring was thorough, with both sides of leaves on random plants carefully inspected by the growers and an entomologist.

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Capsicum with distinctive symptoms of TSWV.

Yellow sticky traps were read weekly and results showed the unsprayed plants were not suffering greater losses than areas sprayed conventionally. In the unsprayed greenhouses, the number of native nonpests was higher, but so too was the population of green peach aphid. Aphid hot spots were treated with a soft pesticide and this allowed the predatory mite populations to increase in the flower buds. For some time the mites appeared to be controlling the thrips, but this was stalled by the arrival of hot weather in mid-spring. The hot weather affected the predators and they were overwhelmed by the new adult thrips coming into the greenhouse. Synthetic sprays were used again. By 2008, a new ‘high-tech’ hydroponic house was in use and so were conventional chemicals. However 70–80% of the first capsicum crop in the house was lost to TSWV. The growers again turned to SARDI and provided funds for another trial with beneficial organisms. They also re-committed to extensive monitoring and increased their attention to hygiene and sanitation.

Use of predators Orius armatus, an aggressive native bug commonly known as the minute pirate bug and referred to as ‘Orius’, was the main WFT predator used in the trials and when it was released at sufficiently high rates (around 8 mites/m2), it proved to be a very effective predator of WFT larvae and adults. The integrated practices had an expanded focus, not only targeting WFT, but also secondary pests (two-spotted mite and broad mite) that often influence the success of the WFT program. While the 2009 and 2010 trials were successful, the establishment of the main WFT

Orius in capsicum flower.

predators (especially Orius) was slow in winter when days were short, and this allowed early WFT proliferation. The trials demonstrated that pirimicarb was softer on beneficials than pymetrozine, and therefore pirimicarb is the preferred chemical if aphids or problematic mites are present early.

Use of advisers/researchers A number of advisers/researchers have also documented ICP successes in leeks and lettuce, for a range of pests including two-spotted mites, aphids and fungus gnats. There are many similar ICP success stories and in each, the contributions of experienced ICP consultants/researchers have been acknowledged.

Why use an ICP approach? In general, growers have measured their pest management success in terms of: • Improved pest control • Reduced costs (for diesel, labour, chemicals) • Improved farm occupational health and safety • Improved awareness of their pests and the biological balance needed in a crop • Increased market acceptance even though in some cases packout has been slightly lower • Increased personal satisfaction as a result of significantly reducing the environmental impact of their practices. Growers have also reported that their biggest step was making a commitment to monitoring and investing significant time and money to ensure it was done appropriately.

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6. Aphid-transmitted viruses in vegetable crops — Integrated virus disease management. Persley D. et al. www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/ PlantIndustries_FruitAndVegetables/ Managment-of-aphid.pdf 7. IPM Strategies for Silverleaf whitefly in Vegetables. 2010. Vegenotes, Issue 16 (Siva-Subramaniam S. et al., DEEDI). This and other issues of Vegenotes can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVEG website.

2. Keep it CLEAN. 2009. Badgery-Parker J. www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/ horticulture/greenhouse/pest-disease/ general/preventing

8. Silverleaf whitefly management in vegetable crops (web page). SivaSubramaniam S. et al., DEEDI. www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/horticulture/18512. html

3. Insect pests of cucurbit vegetables. 2009. Napier T. www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0005/290219/insect-pests-ofcucurbit-vegetables.pdf

9. National Strategy for control of WFT — Managing WFT in greenhouse and field crops. 2002. HAL. www.hin.com.au/Resources/WesternFlower-Thrip-in-Vegetables

4. T hrips and tospovirus — a management guide. 2007. Persley D. et al. www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_11607.htm

10. Integrated disease management strategy for tomato spotted wilt virus in seedling nurseries. 2002. Coutts B & Jones R. www.hin.com.au/Resources/WesternFlower-Thrip-in-Vegetables

5. Viruses in vegetable crops in Australia — Integrated virus disease management. Persley D. et al. www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/ PlantIndustries_FruitAndVegetables/ Viruses-in-vegies.pdf

Acknowledgement Text and photos supplied by Prue McMichael, Lauren Thompson (Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd), Tony Burfield (SARDI) and Sandra McDougall (Industry & Investment NSW).

The Vegetable Industry Development Program is funded by HAL using the vegetable levy and matched funds from the Australian Government.

Ladybug larvae eating an aphid.

WA Grower September 2011

Advertorial

Strict program delivers WA’s top strawberries

John Jambanis, Mirco Bros, and Neerabup strawberry and tomato grower Chi Lieu with some of Chi’s tomato production and a selection of Haifa’s high quality water soluble fertilisers.

WESTERN Australian grower Chi Lieu is renowned for producing some of the best strawberries in the State and he puts this success down to a stringent watering, fertilising and monitoring program. Chi grows tomatoes and strawberries over about 12 hectares at Neerabup, north of Perth. Strawberries have been one of his main crops for 25-30 years, while he also previously grew export vegetables, including Chinese cabbage. Chi arrived in Australia from Vietnam in 1979 and was earlier involved in a sharefarming arrangement. He sells his produce through the Canning Vale Markets. “The quality of our strawberries is the best in WA – a lot of buyers come to ask to buy our strawberries,’’ Chi said. He said strict watering, fertilising and monitoring had helped to reduce input costs by about 30 per cent while increasing yields by around 10pc and improving produce quality on the property. “We previously ran a spreader between the plants to fertilise and watered through overhead reticulation.’’ “We now drip irrigate and this means we don’t waste water and we don’t waste fertiliser around or underneath the plants. “Overhead watering also helped the weeds grow and caused more disease due to the wet leaves, allowing fungi to grow. “This is where there was an immediate benefit in the quality, especially with the strawberries, from the reduced disease. “We still do a little bit of overhead watering when plants are young to keep them cool, but then we stop it.’’

Chi uses A and B tanks to effectively fertigate crops with a mix of nutrients through the drip system and he said high quality fertilisers were critical to the process. He said this was why he relied on Haifa’s Multi-K for the important supply of potassium nitrate, delivered through local agent, Mirco Bros.

“The Multi-K fertiliser is very good in water.’’ “Some other product made in China also can go very hard in the bag.’’ Chi uses his own unique fertiliser blend for his strawberry crops. “You have to be very careful with the fertiliser mix for strawberries to get the right quality of fruit and sugar levels,’’ he said. “I mix up my own to bring the levels up to what I want.’’ Sap testing is performed through a specialist laboratory in Queensland every two weeks during production and then Chi adjusts his fertiliser blend according to the test results to meet the desired quality. John Jambanis at Mirco Bros assists with the Lieu’s fertiliser requirements. Watering through the drip irrigation system also is closely monitored. “We wet only down to about 40 centimetres from the top (of the soil), otherwise we waste water and fertiliser,’’ Chi said. “During summer the system can be watering for 1 hour in the morning and a couple of hours in the afternoon every day. ”

WA growers choose Haifa for quality fertilisers THE high quality of Haifa’s water soluble fertilisers has made them very popular with WA growers, according to John Jambanis of Mirco Bros at Neerabup. “Their major plus is that they dissolve extremely well and so pose no problems through growers’ pumps and irrigation systems,’’ John said. “Some growers don’t know what they are going to get with some other products – and that’s why they choose Haifa. The brand is renowned for supplying excellent products. “Various growers say they can see the difference in the quality when using Haifa fertilisers.’’

Mirco Bros Neerabup Salesman John Jambanis, Manager Johny Mirco and Assistant Manager Phil Rogers with some of the Haifa fertiliser range at the Neerabup store.

He said the Haifa range was particularly popular with vegetable growers. Haifa’s Multi-K potassium nitrate, MultiCal calcium nitrate and Poly-Feed nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium soluble fertilisers were highly demanded at the Neerabup store.

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Neerabup 2048 Wanneroo Road Ph 9407 4522 E: mirco@mirco.com.au

Manjimup Trading 9-11 Pritchard Street Ph 9771 1044 E: trading@manjimup.mirco.com.au

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Vegetable Industry Development Program

Mega pests

Managing soilborne diseases IcP tips for managing soilborne diseases • Understand the life cycles and conducive environmental conditions for fungi • Sanitation — clean up your farm and remove all weeds, crop debris and volunteer hosts • Consider your planting sequences and crop rotations • Avoid heavily infested blocks by testing soil prior to planting • Use clean planting material and resistant varieties • Amend and manage soil to disadvantage the fungi • monitor — weather, block history, disease levels, irrigation and drainage patterns • remove and destroy sick plants when symptoms first show.

What is the nature of soilborne organisms?

There are hundreds of soilborne plant pathogens. Not all are fungi but most are. The fungi considered in this article survive in the soil for long periods even in the absence of their preferred host crops or weeds. These fungi generally have wide host ranges amongst vegetables but ‘clubroot’ (a disease caused by the fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae) only affects cruciferous and Brassica crops and weeds.

Many of these fungi may be present together in cultivated soils; some also in virgin soils. Once present on your farm they will remain an on-going concern for as long as you are growing susceptible crops. The fungi can infect roots, stems and/ or fruit, and depending on their populations, the environmental conditions and the crop, can be a problem every year or sporadically. Fungi will reduce yields and quality. These diseases are expensive and difficult to manage, especially when fungicide applications are the only crop management measure adopted. Such programs have not provided a consistent solution for most growers.

WA Grower September 2011

Why might this be? Commonly reported reasons for inconsistent results include chemical resistance, poor coverage, poor timing and placement of chemicals, and lack of effective chemistry. Despite inconsistent results, fungicides and chemical fumigants have remained a common approach to managing these fungi. However their expense and environmental impact have motivated many growers to review their cropping systems and farm practices, and to consider more affordable and effective Integrated Crop Protection (ICP) approaches. ICP approaches supplement chemical treatments and limit dependence on them. Few biological control agents for soilborne fungi in Australia have been registered, but some cultural practices and effective biofumigation practices (using specific Brassica crops) have been identified and successfully trialled. ICP (also referred to as Integrated Pest Management (IPM)) considers the production system as a whole, including all pests and the importance of soil health.

How can I protect my farm from these soilborne fungi? If you are raising crops that are not affected by these organisms make sure you don’t introduce the pests on planting material, water or soil attached to equipment or vehicles! Use the best plant material suppliers and limit people and equipment movement around your property.

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How can I manage these soilborne pests if I grow susceptible crops?

Soil modifications — before planting a susceptible crop, increase soil pH above 7.0 by adding lime.

By understanding the crops at risk and the conditions that influence the long-term survival and reproduction of these fungi, the on-farm activities required to manage them will become clearer.

During the early production period, maintain higher calcium and boron levels as this appears to reduce the potential for gall formation. Calcium cyanimide is recommended but its use should be assessed for each site.

If your farm is free of this organism, avoid its introduction! Be meticulous about nursery and farm hygiene, and accept only clean transplants in new trays/boxes. Transplants received in re-used containers or with soil in the growing medium, are at greater risk than those grown according to ‘best practice’ guidelines. Restrict equipment, livestock, water and people movement around your production areas. Do not plant in infested soils, especially in summer, if the soil population of this fungus exceeds 1,000 spores per gram of soil. Clubroot affects the roots of cruciferous vegetables and weeds like wild turnip and radish. The most susceptible crop is Chinese cabbage followed by cauliflower. No varieties are resistant but some broccoli varieties are tolerant. Remove mustard weed and include non-brassicas in your crop rotation so that the carryover from crop to crop is minimised.

If clubroot has occurred on your farm, start with a number of cultural practices to minimise its spread and impact.

Photo: Ian Porter VIC DPI

Site preparation — before planting make sure plants and roots from the previous crop have been removed and that infection hot spots (from the previous crop) are treated. Spot fumigation may be needed.

Plant roots infected with clubroot on right.

Water management — ensure each block receives clean water rather than run-off from nearby infested blocks. Good drainage is essential because ‘warm, acid soils with standing water’ are the conditions that favour rapid growth of the fungus. Some growers have reported that the ‘self defence’ of plants has improved with salicylic acid treatment, but this ‘vaccination-type’ clubroot treatment needs more commercial testing.

These fungi have been managed well in many crops through the development of resistant varieties and through seed treatments with fungicides. Cultural integrated practices that assist in management include non-host crops in rotations, roguing (i.e. removing and destroying) infected plants and minimisation of plant stress (environmental, nutritional or due to other pests like nematodes, Rhizoctonia or Pythium).

Rhizoctonia species These fungi have a very wide host range amongst vegetables and they also survive well in soil in the absence of a host plant. Clean transplants (also tubers, stolons, runners), seed treatments, site selection and planting times are important considerations in management of these soilborne fungi.

Pythium species

Sclerotinia and Sclerotium species

Site selection and irrigation management are particularly important in managing this fungus, which thrives in wet conditions. Irrigation water, whether it is sourced from bores, mains, rivers or a re-circulation system, should be tested regularly for Pythium. If viable spores exist in water, every irrigation threatens to spread infection. Drainage is also important as saturated conditions and standing water increase the potential for infection by Pythium. Any soil or water movement is capable of spreading the fungus so use of foot baths, cleaning of wheel wells, and equipment disinfestation are recommended practices. Planting dates that promote quicker emergence from soil can help minimise rots of fine roots due to infection by Pythium, and are therefore recommended. Fungicidal treatments (as seed treatments, protectants or eradicants) are also needed at times.

These fungi have wide host ranges. They have survival structures (sclerotia) that last in soil for long periods (10–20+ years) and some also have the potential to produce airborne spores. The important management decisions need to focus on site selection and the population of sclerotia in the soil. Preplant soil tests and monitoring of disease in previous crops should guide site selection and crop choices. Soil inversion and deep burial of sclerotia, and rotations with green manure or biofumigant crops have shown some benefit in reducing the number of sclerotia and the potential threat in the next crop. The crop and variety choices, their planting sequences, plant spacing and timing of planting, will further influence the likelihood of infection and severity of losses because infections may spread from root to root. Roguing of diseased plants, removal of weeds and increased soil health can reduce the impact of Sclerotinia and Sclerotium species and some other soil fungi.

Photo: Ian Porter VIC DPI

Clubroot

Fusarium species

Cauliflower plants infected with clubroot.

WA Grower September 2011

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Case study Successful management of ‘onion white rot’ using ICP approaches Tasmanian and Victorian growers of bulb onions have begun implementing sustainable practices on their farms for the management of onion white rot (caused by Sclerotium cepivorum). What inspired the ICP approach amongst bulb onion growers? White rot management with various fungicides has been tried throughout the world for decades. Although fungicides applied at drilling, in-furrow, or over the plants have been successful, in some trials they have not provided consistent results under moderate-high fungal pressure. The ICP approach started when the relationship between populations of sclerotia in the soil before planting could be linked to plant damage predictions. With the knowhow of Dean Metcalf, Jason Dennis and others in Tasmania, growers now test their planting sites in advance and avoid heavily infested ground. Both private and state run laboratories in Tasmania have the capability to count sclerotia in soil samples and give predictions of potential losses in your planned crop. Onion farm hygiene is particularly important. It involves restricting the entry of vehicles and providing washdown areas for equipment and boots. Soil washed off is contained at a distance from the planted area, and infested fields are planted after the planting of new or clean blocks so soil on equipment does not spread the fungus. Other steps in ICP utilise knowledge of the growth conditions that favour or disadvantage the fungus.

Photo: Natalie Moore — NSW I&I

Early crops (May) are most at risk as the fungus likes cool conditions. Late plantings (September) are therefore more suitable for infested fields.

Molasses in pot trials and antagonistic fungi like Trichoderma species and Coniothyrium minitans have shown some promise by attacking sclerotia and reducing their survival time in soil. Synthetic versions of root exudates that stimulate the sclerotia (e.g. diallyl disulphide — DADS), and plant oil blends that show activity against sclerotia and mycelium, have proven effective in commercial trials. DADS is a product that stimulates germination of the sclerotia and pre-plant applications of it are proving effective overseas and has been successful in commercial trials in Tasmania, Victoria

WA Grower September 2011

and New Zealand. However, it is not yet registered for use in Australia (as of April 2011).

A particular species and race of the Trichoderma fungus that is native to Tasmanian soils, has been shown in trials to be a potentially useful tool for integration with other ICP practices for control of onion white rot. It was applied to seed beds as pellets, or within enriched composts, and in some cases was also sprayed using a wettable powder formulation. These trials were conducted by Dean Metcalf as part of the HAL-funded project, VN05008 — ‘Nonchemical and biological fungicide options for the control of onion white rot’.

A selection of helpful resources There are many additional useful resources that can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVEG website. Go to the ‘Technical Insights’ page and then to the R+D Insights Database (search engine) where you can initiate a search using key words. Available resources include: 1. M anaging Soilborne Diseases in Vegetables. 2010. A 4-page factsheet produced as part of the Vegetable Pathology Program. Download from: www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07125_ Soilborne_Diseases_brochure.pdf 2. Managing Sclerotinia Diseases in Vegetables. 2010. A 4-page factsheet produced as part of the Vegetable Pathology Program. Download from: www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07126_ Sclerotinia_brochure.pdf 3. I mproving Soil Health for Yield and Profit in Vegetables. 2010. A 4-page factsheet produced by the VicDPI Vegetable Soil Health Team. Download from: www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07008_Soil_ Health_brochure.pdf

Acknowledgement

Footbath.

Potential new ICP ‘tools’ for managing diseases caused by Sclerotinia and Sclerotium species

Text and photos supplied by Prue McMichael and Lauren Thompson (Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd).

4. Clubroot factsheets. 2005. This website gives access to a series of 10 factsheets that discuss the important aspects of clubroot disease of brassica vegetables and the range of control measures available. Access website via the following URL: www.vgavic.org.au/communication/ research_and_development_shop/ clubroot_factsheets.htm 5. Integrated control strategy for onion white rot disease in spring onions and other bunching allium crops. 2004. This 16-page report summarises key outcomes from laboratory and field trials including trials with diallyl disulphide (DADS). Report can be accessed via the following website: www.vgavic.org.au/research_and_ development/Researchers_PDFs/ vg01096_integrated_control_of_onion_ white_rot.htm

The Vegetable Industry Development Program is funded by HAL using the vegetable levy and matched funds from the Australian Government.

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DURIVO is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. All products in upper case are registered trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. AD11/021

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Department of Agriculture and Food

International potato push

bY Dr SHASHI SHArmA DIRECTOR PLANT BIOSECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD WESTERN AUSTRALIA

When Potato Cyst Nematode was first discovered in a Munster crop in 1986, the Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA) was presented with a challenge like no other — to eradicate a serious pest that had never before, in any part of the world, been eradicated from a potato growing area.

After 24 years, and exhaustive measures, eradication was achieved and area freedom was declared in September 2010. Since this time, DAFWA has held strongly onto the hard won prize, and is making efforts to ensure the State’s $45 million potato industry can reap the rewards.

To prevent further entry of PCN, quarantine restrictions have been maintained on ware, seed potatoes, tissue cultures, soil, and nursery stock. Additionally, all State and Territories in Australia have now accepted the State’s PCN Area Freedom, and inter-state quarantine restrictions have been lifted for potatoes exported from Western Australia. Internationally, Australian Government issued a notice of PCN eradication to the 177 member countries of the International Plant Protection Convention. Additionally, in response to a request and information provided by DAFWA, Biosecurity Australia is working with Asian countries to have our Area Freedom recognised.

WA Grower September 2011

With this recognition, WA hopes to have improved access to a number of important markets, including Indonesia, South Korea, Taiwan and India. WA growers currently export seed potatoes to Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Thailand and Vietnam. Exportgrade potatoes for fresh consumption are sold to 11 countries with the majority going to Malaysia and Singapore. The intensive protocols employed by DAFWA to eradicate PCN have become a leading example not only for Australia, but the rest of the world. The United States Department of Agriculture in particular watched our work very closely. As a result, DAFWA’s PCN Eradication Project Leader Sarah Collins joined experts from around the world in an ‘Independent International Science Panel Review of Joint United States-Canadian Potato Cyst Nematodes Phytosanitary Measures’.

Your Production

APVMA calls time on dimethoate After extensive review, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority has recommended suspension of some uses for dimethoate, an organophosphate used widely in horticulture in Western Australia, particularly against Medfly. Post-harvest treatment of tomatoes appears lost, but tomato growers in WA will not be affected by this problem in the short term by using fenthion which should still be available for at least a few months. For many pre-harvest and post-harvest uses, fenthion, marketed as Lebaycid by Bayer, is regarded as more effective than dimethoate, although it may be more expensive. If fenthion uses are also restricted in 2012 as expected, tomato growers and agents

are looking to methyl bromide fumigation and sending green fruit interstate under Interstate Certification Arrangements (see article by Rohan Prince on page 36).

In the longer-term many organophosphate chemicals are facing restrictions in order to maintain health standard requirements and trade. This has already occurred overseas. The APVMA residue and dietary risk assessment found that some of the estimated exposures for consumers were above the health standard, reducing the safety margins that are normally in place to protect consumers from short-term dietary risks. It appears that continued pre-harvest use of dimethoate will be allowed on crops such as asparagus, rhubarb, onions, peas, beans, capsicums and sweet corn, retaining current

with-holding periods of seven days or less. Other crops such as leafy vegetables, celery, cucumbers and melons will face suspension. Residue data for some crops were not available, leading to some apparent inconsistencies. For example, pre-harvest treatment of capsicums with dimethoate continues to be supported with either a three or seven day with-holding period, but preharvest use on chillies was not supported as they were considered likely to exhibit higher residues and residue data are not available. Among citrus, post-harvest use for mandarins will continue to be allowed but not oranges because residue data were not provided. In early September representatives of the APVMA visited WA to explain their recommendations to industry. More information For more information please contact Darryl Hardie on (08) 9368 3799.

D E N N A B

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Methyl bromide alternative to dimethoate and fenthion roHAN prINCe DEVELOPMENT OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, WESTERN AUSTRALIA

Testing to investigate the suitability of methyl bromide fumigation as an alternative to dimethoate and fenthion postharvest flood spray for fresh tomatoes has been completed by the Department of Agriculture and Food, WA (DAFWA).

Following the release of the ‘show cause’ letter from the APVMA in August to suspend many uses of dimethoate, most if not all postharvest treatments will be lost. Dimethoate, along with fenthion, is currently used to gain market access to eastern States without Mediterranean fruit fly under ICA01 and ICA-02. With 70–80 per cent of tomatoes grown in Western Australia sent to the eastern States, it is important for industry to maintain access to these markets.

not applying methyl bromide directly to the surface of the fruit, correct air circulation and ensuring fruit is dry and no condensation is left on it during fumigation, the fruit is not damaged.

The APVMA report into fenthion is not expected to be released until early to mid2012, which means that this chemical should still be available to use under the two ICAs for now, but it is important that the tomato industry finds long-term alternative treatments.

It is important that the facility doing the fumigation is approved and follows the Interstate Certification Assurance Operational Procedure set out by the destination State to ensure market access for the shipment.

Methyl bromide fumigation used under ICA-04 is an accepted treatment for tomatoes for all States, but has been widely considered to damage fruit and reduce its shelf life and quality. However, recent DAFWA testing at the accepted temperatures and concentrations for ICA-04 of 24g/m3 at 26–31.9 degrees Celsius, 32g/m3 at 21–25.9°C, 40g/m3 at 15–20.9°C, 48g/m3 at 10–14.9°C on the gourmet round variety Swanson, roma variety Titian and cherry tomato Letty have shown no significant effects quality and slightly delayed the ripening of the tomatoes compared with unfumigated fruit.

photos: Caroline Lee, DAFWA

These small scale tests have shown that if the procedure is followed correctly,

Control group

Day 0

Control group

Day 12

The next stage will be a larger scale test in a commercial facility to demonstrate the procedure to industry and reduce the risk of unnecessary fruit damage. Principal Research Officer Dr Francis De Lima will conduct these demonstrations in early September.

Other alternatives being worked on by DAFWA include applications to modify ICA-26 and ICA-27 to include Mediterranean fruit fly. ICA-26 relies on preharvest cover sprays with an approved chemical treatment for tomatoes, capsicums, chillies and eggplant. ICA-27 allows access for tomatoes that are picked at a ‘Mature Green Condition’. It is anticipated that not all States will accept these ICAs, but with methyl bromide treatment as an additional option, there should be means of gaining market access to all States. more information testing of methyl bromide on tomatoes was funded through the ApC/VpC.

Control group

Day 21

Effects of methyl bromide fumigation on half-ripe Swanson tomatoes at 48g/m3 dose post-fumigation, day 0 (left), after 12 days (middle) and after 21 days (right) compared with a control group.

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Tomato irrigation trial gears up for 2011–12 season Rohan Prince Development Officer, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

Carabooda tomato grower George Kyme has kindly offered a site on his Bernard Road North property this season for trials to continue to develop good practice for drip-irrigated tomatoes. Conveniently located next to the WesGrowers packing facility, the site is easily accessible and will host regular open days for growers dropping off their fruit for grading next door to have a look at the progress of the trial. This year’s trial will compare scheduling using evaporation and crop factors adjusted by soil moisture monitoring to fine-tune irrigation to suit the site. Drainage will be monitored using catch lysimeters. Yield and quality will be monitored by harvesting and grading fruit from the two areas separately. Last season’s trial at Medina compared five different levels of drip irrigation and found that yields were similar to the grower control treatment when as much as 40% less water and as much as 50% less nutrients were applied. Obviously this was not on a commercial scale or farm, so testing in a real growing situation is important to validate this result. This season irrigation and fertigation will be run independently from the same water source for about 4,000 Swanson plants which will be trained, tied and pruned by George’s workers, the same as the rest of the crop. By running this trial on a commercial property it is hoped that some of the husbandry issues that occurred at the isolated trial site at Medina Research Station can be overcome and higher fruit yield may be achieved to really test the water requirements of plants under commercial load.

George said it was important for industry to support this work when such large pressure is being placed on industry to demonstrate efficient water use. “Efficiency is not just about the amount of water being applied to a crop, but the amount of produce grown from that water,” he commented. The tomato crop should be planted in late October. If you are interested in seeing its progress, look for the signs near the packing shed directing you to the trial site and drop in for a look. More information If you would like a tour please contact me, Rohan Prince, and I can meet you there. Any questions please phone 0429 680 069 or email rohan.prince@agric.wa.gov.au. This is the final year of the APC/VPC and HAL-funded project, so make the most of the opportunity to have some input and make sure you are getting value from your levy contributions.

/////////

See you at the site!

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Managing the nematode threat — taking to the road in search of new management options for vegetable growers bY Dr SArAH CoLLINS AND Dr VIVIeN VANStoNe NEMATOLOGISTS, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, WA

Plant-parasitic nematodes in Australia cause significant annual farmgate losses to vegetable crops including carrots, potatoes, pumpkins and tomatoes. The most destructive nematode affecting vegetable and potato crops is the Root Knot Nematode (RKN or Meloidogyne spp.).

Root Lesion Nematode (RLN, Pratylenchus penetrans) is also common in horticultural growing areas of Western Australia. A survey of carrot growing areas in Western Australia in 2000–01 detected RKN in almost half of paddocks sampled, with RLN also detected in a quarter of those tested. In recent years RKN has been the predominant cause of rejection of potato seed crops from certification in some other States. In potato, RKN causes tuber blemishes which reduce marketable yield of fresh crops. In processing crops, some RKN species cause superficial tuber damage which can be peeled off during processing. However, at least one species, Meloidogyne fallax, causes deeper damage to the tuber which makes processing difficult, and the appearance of ‘flecking’ in chip and crisp production. Important carrot defects caused by RKN and other plant parasitic nematodes are galling, hairy roots, swollen root tips, forking and small size. Galling and swelling are

WA Grower September 2011

also common RKN symptoms on the roots systems of other crops.

It is likely that plant parasitic nematodes cause significant yet unrecognised yield effects as nematode problems are difficult to detect from in crop above-ground symptoms and can be mistakenly diagnosed as fertiliser issues, water stress and other plant diseases. Chemical options for nematode control in vegetable and potato crops are becoming limited. Many chemicals have been withdrawn from the market due to environmental concerns e.g. potential for contaminating groundwater. In addition, there are increasing reports in Australia of enhanced biodegradation of soil-applied chemicals such as metham sodium and fenamiphos. This means that future nematode control is likely to become more reliant on management strategies which minimise chemicals.

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to see if their numbers increase during the cropping period.

DAFWA technical officer Jodie Teasdale conducts a pre-harvest soil survey of a carrot crop at Anthony Rose’s property in Myalup.

To tackle the problem, a national initiative has started. The HAL-funded project Managing the Nematode Threat aims to give growers improved options for nematode management. This will be achieved by:

DAFWA technical officers, Xiaohui Zhang (left) and Helen Hunter (right) tend plants for RKN glasshouse trial.

Crop susceptibility can vary for the different RKN and RLN species, and this will be determined to provide growers with regional information on crops, green manure and break crops for improved nematode management. The national project will conclude in 2013 with the development of a web-based booklet containing comprehensive information on these nematodes and their management for horticulture. The research is being conducted in WA, SA, Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania.

more information Further information can be obtained by contacting Sarah Collins at DAFWA on (08) 9368 3612 or at sjcollins@agric.wa.gov.au.

Symptoms of root knot nematode on pumpkin at Lancelin.

• Surveys of vegetable cropping areas • Determination of the nematode species present, their distribution and population levels • Glasshouse and field trials to determine susceptibility of cash crops, break crops, green manure and cover crops.

The survey is underway on properties in Busselton, Myalup, Pemberton, Manjimup, Gingin, Lancelin, Muchea and the Perth Metropolitan area. Dr Collins has been taking soil samples from growers both at pre-plant and pre-harvest to determine what nematodes are present and WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Poultry manure banned from September 1, 2011 Regulations which allowed vegetable growers to apply raw poultry manure to land in the winter months of July, August and September have been amended, extending the ban to a full 12 months per year from 1 September 2011.

By Bob Paulin Senior Development Officer Department of Agriculture and Food western Australia

This means that under the 2001 Health Regulations it will be illegal to apply raw poultry manure to your farms even if it is incorporated with other materials. This change will apply in all local government areas covered by the current regulations. These are the Cities of Armadale, Cockburn, Joondalup, SerpentineJarrahdale, Rockingham, Swan and Wanneroo; the Town of Kwinana; and the Shires of Chittering, Gingin, Harvey, Kalamunda and part of the Shire of Murray, described as the Peel-Harvey Coastal Plain. Organic soil amendments such as compost are an alternative that is currently available, and growers should consider either changing their fertiliser programs to use chemical fertilisers or use acceptable alternatives, such as compost.

Growers concerned at the increased cost of such materials should note that they are effective at lower rates than poultry manure and have better ability to build soil organic matter levels and soil performance. In changing to these materials, greater attention is needed to supplying nitrogen during crop establishment. This requires small frequent applications that usually result in lower fertiliser use, considerably less leaching to groundwater, and in many instances, improved crops. Demonstration of the benefits of compostamended soil will be held in November as part of the APC/VPC HAL-funded project to continue good practice through on-farm demonstrations, so keep any eye out for the flyer. More information

Department of Agriculture and Food

Using poultry manure on vegetable crops was banned on 1 September under Health Regulations, but efficient alternatives are available.

WA Grower September 2011

For further reading on how to move away from poultry manure see the series of DAFWA Farmnotes on growing vegetables using the 3Phase method on sandy soils: Farmnote 375 for lettuce, 377 for broccoli, 451 for cabbage and 452 for growing celery which can be downloaded from the website. For a better understanding about the benefits of compost see DAFWA Bulletin 4746 Compost production and use in horticulture.

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YOUR

industrY

WA Grower September 2011

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FarmDay 2011 By Hayley Wilson VegetablesWa

FarmDay was a big success again this year across the country as around 1,500 people visited 250 farming families for the fifth year of the program. In WA, 40 families visited 34 rural families to get a taste of the farming life on May 28–29. The program allows the city families to get a real hands-on experiences and a better understanding of where the food that they bring into their homes comes from.

Potato harvester in action at the Credaros.

Two of our grower families took part in the program this year held on the 28th and 29th of May which was the Edwards family from Manjimup and the Credero family from Busselton. Michelle and Colin Sladden and their daughters, Jessica (6) and Kate (4) from Karrinyup travelled to Busselton to see Denise, Wayne and Danielle Credaro. The Hayes family, Richard and his wife Caroline and their three kids, James (9), Matthew (7) and Ollie (5) visited Kim Edwards and his wife Donette and their kids Lilli (7), Tessa (4) and Hadley (2). Kim said that the weekend went really well and they certainly gave the Hayes family a real experience of the country life.

Jessica and Kate digging for potatoes.

They started on the Saturday morning when the Edwards showed the Hayes family how to ear mark calves and ring bull calves. Kim said as the families were doing this, in perfect timing a cow gave birth in the paddock which was a real treat for the Hayes family to be able to witness. The Hayes were then shown a normal day for them in the vegetable world. They picked

Feeding time.

WA Grower September 2011

cauliflowers, broccoli and cabbages and went through the harvesting proceedings. That night they all enjoyed a home cooked meal including roast lamb and all vegetables produced on the farm. Sunday morning the Hayes family returned to the farm and the Edwards went through all the testing that is required to obtain Freshcare accreditation including water and soil testing to show how clean the local produce is.

Kim said that the program is something he “Would defiantly recommend for families to do”. Michelle and Colin Sladden and their daughters, Jessica (6) and Kate(4) from Karrinyup travelled to Busselton to see Denise, Wayne and Danielle Credaro. Denise Credaro said that she would recommend anyone to participate in the FarmDay program whether it is on the farm end or the city end, as it was such good fun. The Sladden family started their experience by feeding sheep and chickens. They then drove around feeding grain out of the ute. The girls, Jessica and Kate then got to experience potato farming and dug their own potatoes with a trowel each from the potato crop. Wayne also ran the harvester for them so they could see how the potatoes are brought up from the ground. The Sladden’s visited the farm for just for the day on the date of the official FarmDay weekend. However since then have been back down to stay again for a whole weekend as the families got on so well. The Credaros also plan on staying with the Sladdens in Perth, which is a testament to the new friendships that can be formed through the FarmDay program that bridges the rural-urban divide.

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Keep in touch with the DoW The Department of Water (DoW) met with growers at the vegetablesWA meeting on September 13, 2011 and gave an update on the current water situation, actions that DoW is taking and what growers can do to help manage their own water use.

development has not proceeded and these will be considered in the Department’s decision. This policy aims to prevent water being allocated within a system that is not being used and may result in water being made available for other new ventures. The Department also advised that compliance activities are a crucial tool that the Department uses to ensure the security and sustainability of water entitlements for all users. Taking more water than allowed can impact on other water users and put the sustainability of the water resource at risk from over-abstraction.

The Department is keen to work with licensees by promoting awareness of water licence conditions and entitlements to stave off the need to intervene and take enforcement action against individuals or companies. If you have concerns that you may be at risk of using more water than your entitlement, you should contact your regional DoW office to determine what opportunities may be available to help you. In many cases you may be able to trade water with other water users or incorporate efficiencies into your processes.

An issue that was raised at the meeting was the need to clarify the Department’s policy on the management of unused licensed water entitlements. This policy is often referred to as the ‘use it or lose it’ policy Water is a finite resource in Western Australia and the Department is tasked with and some growers were concerned that the making sure that it is used sustainably and Department would seek to recoup water not equitably. In the case of non-compliance the used which was due to efficiency measures The most common non-compliance issue Department can and will take appropriate being implemented. This is not the case. The that DoW finds and takes action on is taking enforcement action to ensure the Department will only seek to recoup water water over and above the annual water from a licence when the development of the entitlement, or just not providing monitoring sustainability of this precious resource. site has not occurred within the timeframes data as specified on the Ground Water more information given. In cases where the Department does Licence (GWL). In many of these incidents eterminate grape tomato with medium to large size. Good firmness and gloss with more highinformation yield potential. Jointedincluding fruit with on water licensing seek to recoup water, the licensee is given water users can avoid compliance action by contacts for the DoW regional offices can be formity, quality and colour. SARINA has excellent flavour and shelf life. Intermediate resistance to C5. the opportunity to provide details of any making themselves aware of their licence found on our website at www.water.wa.gov.au extenuating circumstances as to why the or by calling (08) 6364 7600. conditions and the relevant water legislation.

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DUCATI

DUCATI has large blocky fruit approx 10x9cm with excellent red quality. A strong plant type with intermediate resistance to Xcv123 and TSWV. With striking red colour and exceptional firmness and wall thickness, DUCATI has excellent presentation for both patterned pack and bulk fill boxes.

SARINA

Indeterminate grape tomato with medium to large size. Good firmness and gloss with high yield potential. Jointed fruit with good uniformity, quality and colour. SARINA has excellent flavour and shelf life. Intermediate resistance to C5.

NITRO

NITRO offers the benefit of multi virus resistance ZYMV, WMV, PRSV and Powdery Mildew. The plant has a very strong upright habit and a high yield ability. A little slower to begin, NITRO will be still harvesting when many others have finished.

STORM

For consistency and quality in seedless, your solution is STORM! Good size & colour, improved flesh firmness, & better packout rates. Closed locules, & good tolerance to hollowing, helping shelf life & transportability. PRIMED seed for more even germ & better plant stand.

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WA Grower September 2011

Your Industry

Vegetable Industry Development Program

Vegetable spotlight

broccoli

The Australian Bureau of Statistics employed a new methodology for collecting data for the 2005–06 Agricultural Census. As a result, the data generated from that and subsequent years — such as production volumes, area planted and yields — is not directly comparable to historical statistics. Readers should use this material with caution.

Key messages • Broccoli is Australia’s 10th largest vegetable crop in terms of value, accounting for 3.4% of total vegetable production with a gross value of $101.2 million in 2008–09 • Production fell by 4% in 2009 to 21% below its level in 2005 • The area planted fell by 1% in 2009 to 6,268 hectares, down by 18% from a peak of 7,263ha in 2005 • Australian broccoli farmers were successful in improving yields significantly between 1998 and 2006. This upward trend has not been sustained since then • Victoria is the largest producer with 50% of national production in 2009. Production in the other states ranged from 1.5% in South Australia to 20% in Queensland in 2009 • The gross value of broccoli production rose by 9% in 2009 to its highest total in the reporting period • The total number of growers rose from 348 in 2008 to 406 in 2009 • Australia runs a positive balance of trade in broccoli. The value of exports rose in 2008–09, but the longer-term trend is a significant decline over recent years.

WA Grower September 2011

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Production Current Australian broccoli production

Domestic value of production

The area planted fell by 1% in 2009 to 6,268 hectares. Yields fell by 3% in 2009, to 7.1t/ha, slightly reversing a gain of 12% in 2008.

Long-term production trends Broccoli production in Australia declined by 21% in cumulative terms between 2005 and 2009. The area planted has fallen by 18% since a peak of 7,263ha in 2005 (see Figure 2). Australian broccoli farmers had enormous success in driving efficiency gains by raising the yield of the crop by 46% from 5.4t/ha in 1998 to 7.9t/ha in 2006. Yields have been

The gross value of broccoli grown in Australia in 2009 was $101.2 million, an increase of 6% on the previous 12 months and the fourth consecutive annual increase (see Figure 3).

Broccoli pricing

Export prices also rose in302009 with a 2000 2001 similar pattern to domestic prices.

There are significant year-to-year fluctuations in production in individual states. In 2009, production fell by 29% in Queensland and by 19% in New South Wales, with smaller declines in WA and SA. Production rose by 15% in Victoria and by 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 6% 2004 in Tasmania.

2002

Year

Figure 2 Area planted versus yield

45 40 35 2004

2005 2006

2007

2008 2009

Year

8.50 8.25 2,400 8.00 Value Average price 2,300 7.75 2,200 7.50 2,100 7.25 2,000 7.00 1,900 1,800 6.75 1,700 6.50 1,600 6.25 1,500 6.00 1,400 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1,300 Year 1,200 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Area planted

105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 2000 55 50

Yield

Tonnes/hectare Average $/tonne

Hectares

8,000 7,750 7,500 7,250 7,000 6,750 6,500 6,250 6,000 5,750 5,500

Value ($ millions)

Tonnes (â&#x20AC;&#x2122;000s)

Average prices based on production 45 estimates rose strongly in 2009, extending the pronounced upward 40 trend since 2005 (see Figure 4). 35

2002 2003

Broccoli production is concentrated in Victoria, which accounted for 50% of the national total in 2009 (see Figure 5). Queensland and Western Australia are the next most important, accounting for 20% and 13% of the total respectively in 2009. Production is minimal in South Australia with a share below 2%.

Figure 1 National production

2000 2001

State broccoli production

The annual value of production in 2009 was the highest annual total in the reporting period and 64% 60 above the 1999 level. Tonnes (â&#x20AC;&#x2122;000s)

Australian broccoli production fell by 4% in 2009 to 44,418 tonnes (see Figure 1).

In recent years, Australia has imported broccoli in very small quantities. Prices have been excluded from the figure as they may not provide an accurate indication of actual levels.

volatile since then and in 2009 were 10% below peak levels in 2006.

Year Figure 4 Price per tonne

Hectares Value ($ millions)

Average $/tonne Tonnes/hectare

8.50 8,000 Area planted Yield 7,750 2,4008.25 105 7,500 Value Average price 2,3008.00 100 2,2007.75 7,250 95 2,1007.50 90 7,000 2,000 85 7.25 6,750 1,900 80 6,500 1,8007.00 75 6,250 1,7006.75 70 1,6006.50 6,000 65 1,5006.25 5,750 60 1,400 6.00 5,500 55 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1,300 1,200 50 Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

2,800 2,600

Average price

Exports

2,400

$/tonne

Figure 3 Value of production

2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

WA Grower September 2011 Average price

Exports

6.5 6.0

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Tonn

5.5 0

NSW

Vic

Qld

5.0

Tas

State

Yield

Average yield

Tonnes (’000s)

300

8.0

100

250

200

150

100

6.5 6.0

5.5 0

NSW

Vic

Qld

Tas

5.0

NSW

State

Average production

The big increase in growers in NSW in 2009 raised its300 share of the national total to 32%, overtaking 250 Queensland with 24%. However the scale of growers in NSW is 200 generally small.

No. of growers

Data120 on consumption is fragmented and anecdotal. 100

Based on official production data and 80 population statistics it is estimated that 60 consumption has risen in recent years annual to around 2.0kg per capita. 40 20 Comparisons with estimates of per capita consumption of some other major vegetables 0 NSW Qld SA are presented in TableVic1.

State

Broccoli growers by state

150

Average production per grower is highest 100 in Victoria with an average of 307 tonnes 50 per grower, approaching three times the national average of 109 tonnes. 0 WA Tas of 110 tonnes per grower puts Production WA just above the national average.

Characteristics of Australian broccoli exports

The total number of broccoli growers in Australia rose from 348 in 2008 to 406 in 2009 (see Figure 6).

Exports are exclusively fresh with the main markets in South East Asia and the Middle East (see Figure 7).

There were increases in the number of growers in all states except WA. The biggest increases were in NSW, where the number of growers rose from 82 in 2008 to 128 in

Singapore is the most important market, accounting for 50% of exports in 2008–09.

State

Tas

Table 1 C onsumption estimate of other major vegetables Vegetable

Average for 3 years ending 1999 (kg)

Average for 3 years ending 2009 (kg )

Broccoli

1.7

Carrots

11.1

2.0 9.8

Potatoes

70.5

61.6

Tomatoes

22.0

20.9

South East Asia accounted for over 60% of the total. Malaysia is the second most important Asian market but accounted for less than 5% of exports in 2008–09, down sharply from 30% in 2001–02. The United Arab Emirates has been the second most important market since 2004–05. The UAE’s share of the significantly diminished export market has grown from 2% in 2001–02 to 24% in 2008–09.

Figure 8 Value of broccoli exports

Figure 7 Broccoli export destinations

Hong Kong

New Zealand

Value ($ millions)

Philippines

Saudi Arabia Indonesia Bahrain Brunei Malaysia United Arab Emirates

12 10 8 6 4 2

Singapore

0 0

Percentage of exports

Qld

350

Tonnes/grower

No. of growers Broccoli consumption 140

Vic

2009, and Tasmania from 21 to 32 over the same period. The number of growers in WA declined from 60 to 53.

Yields in 2009 ranged from 5.2t/ha in SA to 8.4t/ha in WA.

350

120

7.0 10

Average production

8.5

7.5

No. of growers

140

9.0

No. of growers

Production

Tonnes/hectare

Figure 6 Broccoli growers by state

WA Grower September 2011

Tonnes/grower

Figure 5 Production versus yield

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

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Other markets in the Middle East include Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.

Value of broccoli exports Broccoli exports rose by 17% in 2008–09 from the previous year to $5.4 million. The increase interrupts a long-term decline which saw broccoli exports decline from a peak on $18.1 million in 1997–98, to $4.6 million in 2007–08 (see Figure 8). The decline over recent years reflects the growing dominance of China in this labourintensive market.

own defence system. Regular consumption of foods containing SF is suggested to have a significant preventative effect in heart disease and a range of cancers.

Imports of broccoli are negligible.

Market access

Market

Domestic markets are free and there are no restrictions on broccoli production.

Market segments The broccoli market consists of the fresh market segment and the processed segment (which is predominantly composed of freezing). Broccoli can either be of the sprouting or heading variety. There are a wide range of broccoli varieties such as Calabrese, Romanesco, Green Comet, Mercedes and Emperor. Despite the different varieties of broccoli available, most stores only stock the Calabrese variety. A recent addition is Booster broccoli which contains 40% more active antioxidants than regular broccoli varieties, and has been scientifically proven to contain significantly higher levels of the powerful antioxidant, sulforaphane than other regular varieties of broccoli. The sulforaphane in Booster broccoli works by triggering enzymes that help eliminate toxins, to enhance the body’s

Imports of fresh broccoli are free to enter Australia whilst a 5% tariff applies on frozen broccoli (4% for developing nations). Access to foreign markets is reasonable with freight costs being the major barrier to expanded exports. Exports to Singapore and Malaysia do not incur a tariff. The only significant tariffs in place in the region are in Taiwan, the Philippines, Korea and Vietnam with tariffs of 27%, 25%, 20% and 15% (phasing down to zero in 2017) respectively.

The data and information in this document has been put together by Industry Data Economic Analysis. Industry Data Economic Analysis is contracted by Horticulture Australia Limited to provide economic services to the vegetable industry including collation and analysis of data provided by other sources. Information is to be communicated to the industry through a number of channels, the AUSVEG website being one. Industry Data Economic Analysis, its principal, contractors and employees, does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any data or information contained in the document and does not accept legal liability for its contents or any loss or damage which may result. Professional advice is recommended for all strategic and financial decisions. This document does not represent professional advice.

More information For further details on these statistics please contact Ian James, Industry Data Economic Analysis on 0439 440 023 or email idea@jiskapark.com.au. For more economic analysis of vegetable production, visit the AUSVEG webpage at: www.ausveg.com.au/statistics

WA Grower September 2011

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Grants to realise big ideas from young rural innovators Grants of up to $22,000 are on offer as part of the 2012 Science and Innovation Awards for Young People in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry.

“These awards provide a great opportunity for young innovators to boost our rural industries by helping convert ideas into reality with projects that will help contribute to the ongoing success and sustainability of Australia’s primary industries,” Minister Ludwig said.

Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Senator Joe Ludwig, said the awards support young people aged 18 to 35 years who have an innovative project that will benefit Australia’s agriculture, fisheries, forestry, food and natural resource management sectors.

The awards aim to encourage the uptake of science, innovation and technology in rural industries and help to advance the careers of young people through national recognition of their research ideas. There are a number of industry category awards available to applicants, supported

by research and development corporations, including animal welfare, cotton, dairy, fisheries and aquaculture, grains, horticulture, new and emerging rural industries, pork, viticulture and oenology.

Winners can use their funding for a range of activities including research projects, industry visits or to attend conferences and workshops. Following an additional application and judging process, one of the industry category award recipients will then receive the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry’s Award, which provides an additional $33,000 in funding to further develop their research project. Last year’s Minister’s Award winner, Dr Keith Pembleton, is identifying novel sources of drought-tolerance traits in lucerne, by investigating the recently identified link between drought tolerance, winter dormancy and freezing tolerance. “This project will enable producers to select currently available drought-tolerant types of pastures, while providing breeders with novel sources of drought tolerance traits to improve the drought adaptation of lucerne into the future,” Minister Ludwig said.

more information Applications for the awards close on Friday 18 November 2011. For further information and application forms visit www.abares.gov.au/ scienceawards, email scienceawards@abares. gov.au or contact (02) 6272 2260. the 2012 Science Awards are supported by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry; Australian pork Limited; Cotton research and Development Corporation; Dairy Australia; Fisheries research and Development Corporation; Grains research and Development Corporation; Grape and Wine research and Development Corporation; Horticulture Australia and the rural Industries research and Development Corporation.

WA Grower September 2011

WA crates

The professional packaging service for WAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ďŹ nest fresh fruit and vegetables

0 email: service@wacrates.com.au

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Grower profile

â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Brett and Carol Metcalfe Brett and Carol Metcalfeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s property, Coastal Plains, is located 40 kilometres south of Geraldton. They have been growing in this region since the summer of 1993 after making the move down from sunny Kununurra.

WA Grower September 2011

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Brett said that they would have loved to of stayed in Kununurra but the costs of growing there were rising. At this time Brett’s father, Len Metcalfe, who was a grain grower in the Geraldton region, was telling the family of the increasing opportunities in the area and also that there was ample water supply, so they made the big move south. This has proved to have been a good decision as Brett said “land prices are really expensive for growers in Kununurra now”. To begin with they started leasing land from Len, then had an opportunity to purchase their own land and are now on 100 hectares. The main horticulture crop that the Metcalfe’s produce is rockmelons which they grow over the summer months across 10ha. They have also expanded into growing one hectare of sweet corn as it is a crop which can be picked earlier in the year than melons to extend their cash flow. The rest of the property is put into brad acre crop. They did grow broccoli for a few years but moved away from it as, although it was easy to grow, they found it wasn’t bringing in enough income to make it sustainable. On the property the Metcalfe’s also have a greenhouse in which they plan to begin

growing capsicums and cucumbers during the winter period. When they first started on their property, Coastal Plains didn’t have any cool rooms so they had to drive all the produce straight up to Geraldton as soon as possible after it was picked. Depending on the number of melons, they would do one or two loads per day of 250 trays each load. Brett says he does plant tissue testing religiously which has improved his growing. When they first started out they were doing tissue tests but there was a six to seven year period where they didn’t at all. Three years ago they began again and Brett said it has made a big difference and is now all part of the program. Coastal Plain suffered a bad infestation of white fly three to four years ago, because of this they reassessed their pesticides and then introduced more IPM methods. To keep pest numbers down they also ensure that they keep up with picking the crops quickly and making sure there are no host plants around such as marshmallow or milk weed. In the past they have also had problems with feral cats and foxes that come into the crops looking for mice and chew t-tape and put holes in it. Brett said they have a unique picker as it cleans and scrubs the melons as they are picked. They then sit on the packing table for a couple of minutes which Brett says lowers the temperature of the melons a few degrees which really improves the shelf life of the produce. Being situated so close to the coast has its advantages for the Metcalfe’s as they experience the cooling breeze in the afternoon which is handy on those hot summer days to keep their staff happy in the sweltering paddocks. However, the cool breeze can also hinder their growing by cooling it down too much. A bit further

north of Coastal Plains, growers in North Hampton, the closet growing region, can plant on the same day as the Metcalf ’s yet end up picking two weeks earlier without the cooling breeze. Another advantage of being in their area is they can normally start picking a few weeks before the metropolitan melon growers. They aim to get their produce to Perth a few weeks before Christmas as this is when prices are best.

The melons are planted in mid to late August, however, Brett said this will be late as there has been so much rain. Brett said that sometimes it can be challenging finding staff to work on the farm. During the picking season they will have five to six staff members who are generally a mix of backpackers and teenagers. Brett and Carol’s children, Owen (14), Forbes (12) and Tess (10) also help out on the farm after school and in school holidays. Carol takes some of the produce to the Geraldton Greenough Farmer’s Market in Geraldton on the weekends. She says she really enjoys this as she likes hearing the feedback straight from the public about how much they enjoy the melons. Growing the produce and the agronomy of the crop is what Brett says he enjoys about being in the growing world. When the Metcalfe’s first moved to the area there were about 15 growers there, but they were mostly older growers who have now stopped growing. Brett would defiantly encourage more young people to enter the industry. Brett and Carol are also owner builders and when they are not growing enjoy working on their house and doing a bit of travelling to the United States and back to visit Kununurra. The Metcalfe’s plan to continue growing well into the future. WA Grower September 2011

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Grower profile Michael Le TLF Exports By Hayley Wilson VegetablesWa

TLF Exports is a family owned and run company which started growing tomatoes in Geraldton in 1985. These days, they are primarily based in Carabooda but still have small farms in Geraldton and Carnarvon also, which makes a total of 11 farms. Michael Le of TLF said the decision to make the move from Geraldton to Carabooda in 1997 was because of the lack of water in Geraldton. The lack of water meant that it was all on scheme so this was very costly. Michael said that the advantages of being in Carabooda are that there is a good water supply and the quality of the water and the soil is excellent in this area. On their properties they use drip irrigation which Michael says saves them a lot of water by using this method.

Along with their Carabooda properties, TLF have farms in Carnarvon and Geraldton to ensure they have all year coverage and always have something growing in the ground. When the Leâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first started growing in Geraldton they were only producing tomatoes. Today, they have a much broader crop range including capsicums, eggplants, cucumbers, zucchinis and brussel sprouts as well as all different categories of tomatoes, which are still their primary crop. The brussel sprout crop is the largest in Australia and is the only crop that TLF have been growing in the winter months on the Carabooda properties. This year they are the only farm that has supplied brussel sprouts for market in the country.

WA Grower September 2011

It was decided to start growing brussel sprouts in the winter months mainly to keep staff during this period occupied when there is nothing else growing for TLF in the metro region. It is an extremely labour intensive crop as each single sprout needs to be picked singularly by hand along with the leaf next to it which allows the new sprout to grow. The seed is planted in March and is harvested until September which is when they begin growing tomatoes in Carabooda. Michael said that technology has improved his business over the years as it allows them to cut back on labour, time and improves efficiency. However they use labour for all planting and harvesting of their crops, but have specialised machinery for all the packing at TLF which is specifically designed for their sheds as is all machinery on the properties. Michael said the industry has changed since they first started in the way of the quality of the produce that is demanded. Michael

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said, “These days consumer requirements are different, they are more interested in the presentation of the produce”. Their Carabooda property was hit hard by hail in May 2010 and caused extensive damage to crops. Michael said that weather is the biggest frustration associated with growing. This led him onto explain that the changing climates are making it hard for growing. He said, “The climates aren’t as regular as they were four to five years ago, which makes it hard to estimate when to plant the crops”. TLF are doing trials on trialice way of growing, which Michael says is going along really well. With the tomato growing, they are putting one stake in the ground every five metres rather than at every plant which cuts down on both labour and materials.

the largest in Australia as most other barramundi farms are in the ocean.

Michael Le in brussel sprout crop.

Michael said he really enjoys the growing side of the industry and the satisfaction of supplying. He also, “enjoys the challenges of being in the market and because it is different every day”. With these positive attributes, Michael would definitely encourage more young people to enter the industry as he feels the new technology that will continue to be available will make it a lot easier for the new generation of vegetable growers. He also said that the vegetables industry will never die as no matter how bad the economy is people will still eat fruit and vegetables. With this he said that he plans on growing long into the future.

At the end of this year, TLF will be diversifying their business and going into dam barramundi farming which will be WA Grower September 2011

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Grower profile

â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Gary and Peter Paulik By Hayley Wilson VegetablesWa

Gary Paulik in potato crop.

WA Grower September 2011

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Passionate potato growers Gary Paulik and his brother Peter took over their Beeliar property from their father where they have been located for 40 years. Currently they have 40 acres of their own land and lease 20 acres. Unlike many in the industry the Pauliks didn’t have the long tradition of growing potatoes. Instead, when Gary and Peter first took over the family was exclusively growing flowers. It was in 2003 that they started growing potatoes. Gary said they decided to diversify into growing potatoes because they had quite a bit of spare land and had to use their water licence. They plant at the end of Marchstart of April and harvest for approximately six weeks starting in September which is supplying for Pool 2. Gary said, “The change in seasons with the summers being later is a bit of a problem as the heat is carrying on well into autumn”. Gary said that it is a lot easier to grow potatoes than flowers, as growing potatoes is all mechanised, compared to flowers which are extremely labour intensive. Most tasks right from the bulb being planted to the flowers being picked are done by hand which

means high costs for labour. On the property there are around 10 staff for the flowers where as the potato crop only requires four staff members. The dry winters over the past few years have been a problem for the Pauliks. However, Gary said that everything is looking good this season and that they are having a good year with enough rain, so they have saved a lot on electricity without needing to pump as much water. One of the advantages of being so close to the city is being close to the market which cuts down the transport time and costs. However, the property is beginning to be enclosed by the urban sprawl which means they may have to relocate in the future as their rates are ever increasing. Another disadvantage of being in a residential area is that they have had problems with teenagers maliciously damaging and vandalising their crops.

In recent years they have introduced automated fertilisation and watering. Gary said that the cost of electricity has gone up so much that is why automating has improved their practices a great deal.

With the flowers the Pauliks use advanced fertigating technology. Gary said, “This was very successful so we then took these methods through into the potato crop also which has been great for production”. The Pauliks plans to keep growing into the future but may have to relocate eventually due to the urbanisation creeping in around them. Gary said although the days are long and hard he loves the growing lifestyle which is why potato growing has so easily become the family’s passion.

WA Grower September 2011

Your Industry

Grower profile — Tony

By Hayley Wilson VegetablesWa

Dedicated grower, Tony Cosentino, says it is the growing lifestyle, being outdoors and the satisfaction of growing a crop that he loves about being in the industry. Tony’s property is 700 acres located in Gingin.

Tony, along with his son David and stepson Cameron grow potatoes and lettuce in the winter time and sweet corn and rockmelons during the summer months. They moved to this property in 1980 from Wanneroo as they expanded their business. Tony started growing winter lettuce with Joe Fazio for about 20 years, before Joe retired. Tony said “Joe was the best lettuce grower in Western Australia and we still use his methods today”. For 15 years the Cosentinos were the only lettuce growers in the Gingin area. After spending 20 years bending over with a backache, Tony developed an exceptional lettuce picker which allows four people to pick and wash 100–120 boxes of lettuce per hour. Tony said “I tried four prototypes over the space of three years before the picker worked exactly how I wanted it to”. Tony would build it, then test it and find that it did not work as planned so would try again until he reached the final result which has proved most successful. As well as significantly improving efficiency, Tony said another advantage of the picker is that staff can work for a longer period of time as they do not need to constantly bend over so this keeps them happy. All other machinery

WA Grower September 2011

is built on the property to suit accordingly as well. The Cosentinos plant their lettuce in February/March and pick up until September. For potatoes they supply for Pool 2 and 3 meaning they harvest from September to mid November.

David is responsible for the sweet corn crop which is planted in mid August and comes in around December. They also grow rockmelons in the same season from October and harvest February to March. Tony said, “the cost of crops keep going up so there is a need to expand crop type to make more money”. One disadvantage of being in Gingin as opposed to Wanneroo where they were located originally is the longer distance to market for the Cosentinos. However, they still have 10 acres of land in Wanneroo they use to rotate crops on. On the property they also have had problems with around 20–30 wild pigs running around and eating their rockmelons. They had to put in costly new fences to stop them.

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Royal Blue

Mondial

Ruby Lou

White Star

Varieties grown by the Cosentinos.

Tony said, “We also have problems with kangaroos trampling the potato crops”.

This year has been a great growing season for the Cosentinos with heavy rain but no major damage. Last year they had problems with frost and hail but none this year which has been good. Tony said, “The industry has changed over the years as the inputs cost of growing have gone up, but the returns are the same. The price we get for potatoes has increased slightly but vegetables have stayed the same.”

Although he acknowledges the hard work of growing, Tony says he loves it. David used to work inside in the radio industry but says it’s not the same as being outdoors and in the weather which is what he loves. He said, “Once you’ve worked out here, you couldn’t go back to an office.” Cameron has done two years at Narrogin Agriculture school specialising in equine breeding and would love to work with horses in the future. Tony said he plans to continue growing long into the future as long as he is able.

Cameron, Tony and David operating the lettuce picker.

WA Grower September 2011

Your Industry

Department of Agriculture and Food

Spinach root rot project Aileen Reid Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

The APC-Vegetable Producers Committee is funding some research on a spinach seedling root rot problem that plagued growers last summer. Dominie Wright, senior plant pathologist, and I are jointly leading the work which officially starts in October. So far six growers are participating. Plant samples taken from two properties several months ago seemed

to indicate that Pythium may be the problem but this is not yet confirmed. Each property has now been visited and soil samples taken for analyses including a full nutrient and soil health profile. To help provide early information on what pathogens may be causing the problem, a growth cabinet has been set up. Spinach has been planted in pots containing each soil sample under warm conditions to see if disease results. In early October a meeting with growers will be organised to discuss these results and plan a strategy for the coming summer. More information Contact me on (08) 9368 3393, 0467 783 981 or by email aileen.reid@agric.wa.gov.au.

Spinach seedlings germinating in soil that provided problems last season.

Department of Agriculture and Food

Research on viruses in Carnarvon Brenda Coutts Plant Virologist, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

The APC-Vegetable Producers Committee has agreed to fund a research project by the Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA) on developing integrated virus and insect management strategies for vegetables grown in Carnarvon. Over the last few years virus diseases have had a devastating impact on yield and quality of vegetable crops there. In extreme cases, crops are being abandoned prior to harvest due to the severity of virus damage.

WA Grower September 2011

Three viruses, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) occur in Carnarvon. CMV and TSWV mainly infect capsicum and tomato crops and are spread by aphids and thrips, respectively. ZYMV infects cucurbit crops and is spread by aphids. The project will focus on gaining a better understanding of how the viruses and aphid and thrips vectors survive between growing seasons, demonstrate integrated management strategies in field trials at Gascoyne Research Station, and provide virus testing and insect identification to growers.

A newsletter Virus Matters providing key information on viruses and vectors specifically for the vegetable industry in Carnarvon has been delivered monthly since July.

Sonya Broughton and Lachlan Chilman inspect a zucchini crop.

The DAFWA team includes Brenda Coutts (plant virologist), Sonya Broughton (entomologist) and Chris Schelfhout (Carnarvon project manager). The project is working in collaboration with Carnarvon Growers Association and Manchil IPM services. More information For further information, or to be involved contact Brenda Coutts on (08) 9368 3266 or email brenda.coutts@agric.wa.gov.au.

New Clause catalogue for Australia and New Zealand In July, Clause Pacific launched its new vegetable seed catalogue for the Australia and New Zealand markets. The document presents a range of Clause species, including new varieties bred for the local market. Among these are the Kuba, Kanga and Kolya broccoli varieties, which meet specific producer needs with their intermediate resistance to white rust. Another new variety is Habanera lettuce, which offers both excellent quality heads (colour, density and uniformity) and highly-prized resistances to downy mildew (Bl:1-28) and Nasanovia. Also of great interest: tomatoes, capsicum, beans and other species of the range specifically adapted to growing conditions in Australia and New Zealand. The catalogue is available on request from your Clause Pacific sales contacts. www.clause-vegseeds.com

CLAUSE breeds, produces and markets innovative vegetable seeds for professionals. The company has more than two centuries of experience. It is the leader on the French vegetable seeds market. In 2010 it generated â&#x201A;Ź139 million in turnover. HM-CLAUSE is a new Business Unit created in 2008 from CLAUSE (France) and HARRIS MORAN (USA). Entirely devoted to vegetable seeds, this new entity is ranked fourth worldwide in its sector. HM-CLAUSE generated more than $250 million in turnover in 2010 and employs more than 1,200 people. Its investments in Research and Breeding represent 14% of annual sales. Its breeding activities concern more than 20 different species. HM-CLAUSE has commercial subsidiaries in 12 countries: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Spain, Italy, Algeria, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Turkey and Australia. HM-CLAUSE is a Business Unit of Limagrain, an international agricultural co-operative group, specialized in field seeds, vegetable seeds and cereal products. Founded and managed by farmers, Limagrain is the first European seed company and 4th largest seed company in the world. www.hmclause.com

Clause Pacific 165 Templestowe Road, Lower Templestowe, VIC 3107 T: (03) 8850 5400 / F: (03) 8850 5444

WA Grower September 2011

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Fighting to keep Australia safe from Zebra Chip

bY rICHArD mULCAHY AUSVEG CEO

There is immense concern that potatoes infected with the Zebra Chip disease complex from New Zealand will be permitted to enter Australia if a current request for market access by New Zealand is approved by Biosecurity Australia. The Tomato-potato psyllid is a small flying insect that if was ever to reach Australian shores would result in millions of dollars being lost from the potato industry, as well as the tomato industry. There is still relatively little known from a scientific point-of-view about the devastating disease, how it arrived in New Zealand or how to treat it. There are no known health risks associated with the consumption of infected potatoes, however, potatoes that are affected by the disease have black lines resembling the stripes of zebras, which render the produce unsellable. What is known about the disease is that on its own, the insect (Tomato-potato psyllid) causes yield losses of more than 50 per cent, and can also carry the disease (Liberibacter) that kills plants. It only takes a matter of hours for the diseases to be transmitted between insect and plant and vice versa.

WA Grower September 2011

The Tomato-potato psyllid originated in North America and it is unknown how the pest reached New Zealand in 2006. Since then, it has spread throughout New Zealand and affects crops in the majority of the country. The Zebra Chip disease complex has caused millions of dollars’ worth of damage worldwide and if it was ever to reach Australia, it could mean similar devastating consequences for the Australian potato industry.

As well as the threat to the potato industry, the current lack of scientific knowledge available surrounding the disease is also one of the main reasons AUSVEG is concerned about New Zealand imports of potatoes. Biosecurity Australia has said infected potatoes would inevitably be imported into Australia if New Zealand was given import rights and has considered there to be adequate quarantine facilities to control the risk of the spread. Australian experts who have travelled to New Zealand to inspect the spread of the disease are concerned about the lack of understanding regarding the pest and the consequences of it spreading here in Australia. They consider allowing infected

potatoes into Australia to be highly irresponsible. AUSVEG is currently taking action to prevent New Zealand importing fresh potatoes into Australia for processing and has launched its ‘Don’t Take the Risk!’ campaign in order to raise public awareness of the issue and gain industry support. AUSVEG has initiated a petition and has written to every Federal MP and Senator urging them to ensure Biosecurity Australia does not approve the request by New Zealand to import potatoes. So far, AUSVEG’s initiative in circulating the petition has had incredible support from growers, with around 1,000 signatures obtained from right around the Australia, however, the more signatures AUSVEG receives the more pressure we can exert. more information Visit www.ausveg.com.au to download the petition or contact AUSVeG on (03) 9822 0388. the petition needs to be printed and signed and then sent back to the AUSVeG office by post to: po box 2042, Camberwell West, Victoria, 3124.

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New opportunity for farm businesses

Growers driving Good Practice agenda roHAN prINCe DEVELOPMENT OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, WESTERN AUSTRALIA

A new drought reform program through which farm businesses can access funding of up to $30,000 to build more resilience into their operations, is open for business. In May the Australian Government announced that an existing pilot scheme in Western Australia was being extended by 12 months to 30 June 2012. It will now cover a broad range of farming businesses over the entire South West Region as far north as Exmouth. The measures are designed to move from a crisis management approach to risk management to better support farmers and rural communities in preparing for future challenges such as climate change, rather than waiting until they are in crisis. The Department of Agriculture and Food, WA (DAFWA) is funding and delivering aspects of the program to enable farmers to develop or update a strategic plan for their business. Department coordinator James Dee said it was a new opportunity for horticultural businesses, not just broadacre farmers, and owners should register as soon as possible to ensure they were kept informed about what was happening. “Irrigated horticultural businesses haven’t been able to access this type of funding before,” he said.

“It is an opportunity for these businesses to critically analyse what they are doing and potentially fund the key activities that will build resilience into their businesses. “When we know how many are interested, we will form groups that are as industryspecific as possible,” Mr Dee said. “They will then need to attend a series of five workshops to build their skills in business planning.”

Groups of 12 to 15 businesses, about 30 participants, will allow members to learn from each other as well as the facilitators. From this training, the businesses will need to produce a strategic plan, indicating the key activities planned. These might include new bores or dams, soil moisture monitoring, changes in production systems, succession planning or better accounting systems. “This is a great opportunity to take a fresh look at your business plan,” Mr Dee said. “Once drawn up, the plans will be evaluated independently and may become eligible for the grant of up to $30,000 to put them into practice.” Both training and grant applications need to be completed by May 2012, but payments could continue until 2014. Details are on the DAFWA website at www.agric.wa.gov.au. more information For further information, contact James Dee on (08) 9780 6285 or 0429 687 050.

The Wanneroo Tavern attracted a large crowd of growers in July to develop priorities in the APC/VPC and HAL-funded Good Practice Demonstration project. Growers participated in activities to identify important issues and highlighted the ones that they would like to learn more about in a combination of field days or evening workshops. A raft of issues was identified that could be broken down into Production, Operational and Market Access. The two most topical were the impending ban on fowl manure and water availability. Growers were also keen to have more information on pest and disease management, basic soil science and nutrient interactions, chemical use permits and the potential impact of the Carbon Tax. We will try to address these issues. That may include sourcing expertise from within the State or interstate to present to growers. It is intended to have at least three field events a year with additional meetings and workshops when required. So please support this grower-funded project in which the directions have been set by the growers. more information the next topic will be one of the big ones concerning water, or the ban on using fowl manure. So keep your ears and eyes open for the invites and come along to access the resources being made available by the Department of Agriculture and Food and by vegetablesWA.

WA Grower September 2011

Your Industry

Protecting potato seed from viruses Viruses can be a serious issue for potatoes, especially seed potato crops, so testing of registered and certified seed potato crops is an important use of potato research funds again in 2011–12. Virus testing is undertaken by AGWEST Plant Laboratories at the Department of Agriculture and Food, WA (DAFWA) funded through the Agricultural Produce Commission’s Potato Producers Committee. This began in 2004–05 and has continued as an annual project since then. For two years prior to 2004–05 it was jointly funded by APC-PPC and Horticulture Australia Limited.

Potato seed schemes begin with expensive tubers produced in tissue culture laboratories. These must be multiplied over several growing seasons to produce affordable seed. Each bulking is called a generation. Seed potatoes are most often sold after four or five generation’s multiplication. The project seeks to provide improved control of viruses in the seed schemes through laboratory virus tests to complement the usual visual field inspections. All generation 2-sown (G2) crops will be laboratory-tested close to senescence to give an estimate of virus levels in the G3 seed being produced. Armed with these results, seed growers then have the opportunity to manage risks prior to sowing their G3 crops. Crops will be assessed for the presence of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), potato virus S (PVS), potato virus X (PVX) and potato virus Y (PVY) by ELISA or tissue print laboratory tests on at least 350 leaf samples from all

WA Grower September 2011

G2-sown crops on the property. A minimum of 40 samples will be taken per variety, collected and tested by DAFWA staff. Samples are taken during routine seed crop visual inspections. Testing will be undertaken promptly on receipt of the samples, and growers and the certification authority should receive results within a week of sampling. Growers with positive results will be counselled on remedial action or disposal of the crops. Summary results will be communicated at industry meetings. Virus testing over the last decade has shown that a very low proportion of G3 seed potatoes have been infected, but levels have risen since 2008 while still below one per cent (see Figure 1). These virus rises reflect serious detections of disease in a few crops. These were dealt with, thus preventing greater damage occurring in subsequent crops. Numbers of detections of potato virus Y have been increasing. This project generates rapid feedback to seed growers on which they can determine risk and make informed management decisions. Summaries of results are presented to visiting overseas delegations and the national industry. They clearly demonstrate that the WA industry is in control of its virus levels and is the cleanest seed in Australia.

The APC-PPC has also funded 40% of the seed potato certification scheme costs since 2004–05 and will continue to do so in 2011–12. This subsidy for registered and certified seed aims to encourage seed growers to participate in these schemes The contribution recognises that the whole industry will benefit from the flow of healthy seed potatoes.

Figure 1 Virus infected plants in generation 3 seed potatoes (estimated) 6.00 5.00

% Infected plants

By Mark Holland Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year Source: DAFWA

2007

2008

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2011

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Young growers tour August 2011 bY CHArLotte bUtLer VEGETABLESWA

In August, West Australian growers opened their farm gates to a tour of young vegetable growers from Victoria. The tour involved growers ranging in age from 18 to 30, growing a variety of vegetables across Victoria. The first stop of the trip was a tour of Farmland Greens, a sprout grower in Bullsbrook. It was then on to Loose Leaf Lettuce Company for a very detailed guided tour from Maureen Dobra, finishing off with a look at the excellent large scale operation at Bogdanich Farms at Gingin. It was then off to Carnarvon to see some of the irrigation trials at the Department of Agriculture and Food, WA (DAFWA) and various drip irrigation setups at Wayne Whitcroftâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s farm. The growers then received a guided tour of the Banana Shed in action, a detailed discussion at the Bumbakâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s property, which had to include a visit to their on farm shop, and finally, ending the day at the Carnarvon Growers Association.

The young growers visit to WA ended with a tour of the Perth Markets as well as presentations from Bob Paulin, Aileen Reid and Rohan Prince from DAFWA, about some of the work being done on vegetable production in WA. Throughout the trip many interesting questions and queries were raised after each visit, which lead to some in-depth discussions about how and why things may have been done a bit differently over in the west.

All in all the tour was thoroughly enjoyed by the young growers who, undoubtedly, all left with some new ideas about irrigation scheduling, mechanisation and marketing strategies or simply did some important networking.

Maureen Dobra speaking to the growers at the Loose Leaf Lettuce Company.

I would like to thank all the growers who gave up their valuable time to show us around their properties, without whom, the tour would not have been the success it was. Through allowing young growers the experience of seeing how things can be done differently, WA producers have made an great contribution through their information sharing, and hopefully were able to get some new ideas from their Victorian guests as well. I would also like to make mention of the Carnarvon Growers Association, DAFWA and the Perth Market Authority for all their contributions to the success of hosting the tour group from Victoria. WA Grower September 2011

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(Left to right): Plant pathologists Iman Suryaman and Ummu Salamit Rustiani, vice team leader, David Windsor, DAFWA Director Irrigated Agricultural Industries Development, Sudarisman Suyoko, delegation leader, Tom Fox from Lake Jasper Certified Seed Potatoes, Agus Supanto, Simon Johnson, DAFWA Director Trade Development and Primada Kuliahsari.

Seed potatoes clear hurdles for overseas sale By Peter Dawson Potato Project Manager, Department of Agriculture and Food, Albany

A substantial consignment of Western Australian seed potatoes was sent to Indonesia recently, following pre-shipment rather than post-shipment testing for pests and diseases. This is a new development pioneered by Lake Jasper grower and exporter, Tom Fox, involving close cooperation with the Department of Agriculture and Food, quarantine authorities in both countries and testing laboratories. Long-term, we hope that this becomes a routine process, due to the obvious advantages in reducing delays in transporting a perishable product to its final destination. Western Australia has an excellent reputation as a source of disease-free potato seed. In the past, growers have exported seed to various

WA Grower September 2011

south-east Asian and Indian Ocean countries as well as interstate, but interest has increased since WA obtained area freedom from potato cyst nematode in 2010. Before export seed potatoes have to be certified by DAFWA staff and then undergo phytosanitary checks from AQIS.

Establishing government to government protocols for such trade is often a lengthy process, but is very important to prevent the risk of spreading diseases or pests. During the recent exercise five Indonesian quarantine officials from various parts of Indonesia came to Western Australia for two weeks, during which time they visited potato packing houses at Donnybrook, Manjimup and Yarloop to sample potatoes. They then carried out extensive testing at Murdoch University for a variety of pests and diseases. During a visit to the Department in South Perth, they met Director-General, Rob Delane and other senior staff. One Indonesian plant pathologist described how potato cyst nematode had been introduced

to Indonesia with seed potatoes, hence they were now being more selective about seed potato suppliers. The team only found two species of fungus in all their laboratory tests. None of the targeted viruses, viroids, bacteria or nematodes were detected. Grower and exporter Tom Fox of Lake Jasper Certified Seed Potatoes said that pre-shipment rather than post-shipment inspection had major advantages, preventing the risk of perishable commodities sitting for lengthy periods on Indonesian wharves awaiting inspection and then distribution. Mr Fox has been exporting seed potatoes to Indonesia for more than 10 years. In late May the first consignment of 1,300 tonnes of his potatoes went through the same process before export. “Sending perishable products overseas entails a large risk, as you can’t bring it back if it fails any tests,” he commented. “A standardised system of testing before shipment would have huge advantages for both exporters and importers.”

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YOUR

Business

WA Grower September 2011

Your Business

Rural crime prevention Courtesy of the Office of Strategic Crime Prevention Key messages • Consider surveillance when designing and erecting new buildings, sheds or stockyards. Ideally, build them in sight of a farm house. • Opportunity and accessibility are other key considerations for thieves. Make it hard for thieves to access your property to discourage them. • Construct sheds from strong materials with heavy duty rollers or metal gates at entrances. Use good quality chains and padlocks to lock doors or gates. • Consider installing closed circuit television (CCTV). This can assist in a successful identification and prosecution of offenders. • Secure gates. A gate is only secure if it is closed and locked. Gates at entrances to your property and high risk areas should be as strong as possible, mounted securely to strong corner posts, and locked with heavy-duty chains and padlocks. • Movement sensored spotlights could also be considered where practical.

Visibility is a key factor for thieves. If thieves believe they can get into and out of your property without being seen, your property is at higher risk. Securing farm machinery Where possible, store farm machinery in a secured shed, preferably in sight of a farmhouse, or grouped in a highly visible area. If a shed is not available, a fenced enclosure that can be padlocked is a good alternative. • If machinery needs to be left on location overnight, if possible, position machinery where it can be seen from a neighbour’s or employee’s house, or park it out of sight of passers-by behind a hill or tree line.

WA Grower September 2011

• Use lockable fuel caps. • Maintain an inventory with a description, record of serial numbers, chassis and model numbers of machines. • Photograph or video machinery and valuable items.

Property marking Property marking deters theft and makes selling of stolen goods harder. There are a number of options for marking property: • Hard etching • Welding • Etching • Metal punching

• Lock vehicles and machinery.

• Chemical marking

• Remove the keys from powered equipment and if possible and practical, disable the equipment by removing the distributor cap, rotor or battery.

• Property registration

• You can secure equipment with heavy chains and good quality locks. Either chain and lock pieces of equipment together; or to trees or other stationary objects; or chain the rear to the front wheel or axle.

• A useful identification is to mark equipment with your driver’s licence number followed by the letters ‘WA’ for your state. Or use your property’s stock brand.

• Avoid leaving valuable items displayed inside a vehicle or leave tools or other items scattered in vehicle trays, it may be

targeted. If a tool box is attached, secure the contents with a good quality padlock.

• Microdot technology • Microchip technology

• Maintain a complete list of all property and stock with descriptions of the colour, serial numbers, unique markings and ID numbers.

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• Photographs or videos make excellent supporting documents, and can be useful to describe an item or animal, and keep in a secure location. • Advertise that your property has been marked by attaching labels on machinery and buildings. • Selling your equipment — some equipment may change hands many times. It is suggested you notify the new owner that you have marked your equipment with an ID number and suggest that the new owner put his/her mark below yours.

Fuel tank security The theft of fuel is one of the most common types of theft on farms. • Lock your fuel tank cut-off valve rather than the nozzle and hose. If there is an electrically controlled pump on the tank, locate the control switch in a locked building or in the house, and turn off the electricity when the fuel tank is not in use. Close and lock the valves on all on-ground and overhead tanks when not in use. • Turn off power to pumps. • Fuel theft can be reduced by properly locating storage tanks. Tanks are less visible and much more difficult to steal from when placed underground. • On large properties, where tanks are needed to service isolated areas of the property, ensure they are kept locked and located out of sight of a public road. Consider only filling these tanks over the time they are in use. • Mobile tanks used to service farm machinery over busy periods also need to be locked and stored out of sight when not in use.

• Put up warning signs letting potential thieves and trespassers know that there are watch dogs, alarms on the premises, and identification marks on all your equipment. • Sturdy fences with gates located at property access points prevent trespassing. • Contact the Police if your fences appear to be deliberately cut or tampered with.

Reporting a crime No theft is too small to report! It may offer the clue leading to an arrest or the breaking of an agricultural crime ring. • Try not to disturb anything in or around the area involved until the police arrive. • Prevent people or animals from tramping around the area or in areas where entry was possibly made. • Police will require: — information such as where the items were purchased; and — descriptive information and any other information that might be of use to officers in regard to suspicious people and vehicles. How to report a crime Your local Police — 131 444 Crime Stoppers — 1800 333 000 www.crimestoppers.com.au

Rural Watch Consider joining Rural Watch, which is part of Neighbourhood Watch (NHW). Neighbourhood Watch is a series of programs aimed at making individuals aware of crime prevention initiatives and activities in and around the home, within rural communities, by the ocean and in schools. It is about working together as a community to improve our personal safety and household security. Most importantly, it is about encouraging interaction and a sense of responsibility between neighbours and communities. Neighbourhood Watch is about you, your local neighbourhood, the wider community and the WA Police working together to establish and maintain a safer community by: • Reducing violence, crime and fear • Building a safer community • Preventing crime that affects you • Enhancing effective communication, and • Developing community spirit. To find out how to join NHW log on to www.nhw.wa.gov.au or phone (08) 9356 0555.

• Dip your tanks and monitor your fuel usage so that you know if there is an unexplained loss of fuel. Install a flow meter to supervise fuel use. • Keep a book at the tank for each user to record fuel usage for various vehicles and machinery.

Trespassers • Place ‘No Trespassing’ and ‘Private Property’ signs at entry points from roads or highways, including the main entrance to your home, access roads to paddocks and areas along boundary fences. These signs notify intruders that they are trespassing. WA Grower September 2011

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This temperature/humidity sensor was hung in a low technology greenhouse located in Western Sydney to monitor conditions for developing the parameters of the uncontrolled greenhouse in the experiments..

WA Grower September 2011

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How profitable is upgrading your greenhouse? By Sophie Parks Research Horticulturist, NSW DPI

Low technology greenhouses offer only limited control of the growing environment but are widely used in the greenhouse industry. However, for growers wanting to upgrade their systems, to date, little information has been available about the impact of investing in new technologies on yields and economics of crop production. Using cucumber as a model, the Horticulture Australia project Improving Greenhouse Systems and Production Practices aimed to address this issue. The project also evaluated increasing plant density as a potential strategy to boost yields, and provide cooling, in low technology greenhouses.

3. Minimal control (low technology). This involved no heating, cooling in winter provided with passive ventilation through fan vents opened manually during the day, cooling in summer provided with passive ventilation through open ends of greenhouse covered with insect mesh and white wash painted on plastic film of greenhouse. 4. N o control (low technology). This involved no heating, cooling in winter provided only during harvest times by opening doors, and cooling in summer provided with passive ventilation through open ends of the greenhouse covered with insect mesh.

Cucumber crops were grown in different seasons to capture the range of conditions in which greenhouse cucumbers are normally produced. Plants were grown at three densities (2, 2.5 and 3 plants/m2) to examine the effect of density, and the interaction of density and

greenhouse control, on marketable and unmarketable yield. There was a trend of increased yield (total weight of marketable cucumbers) as conditions were improved incrementally to fully controlled conditions, typical of high technology greenhouses. Increasing plant density also increased yields, regardless of the level of greenhouse control. Because the crop itself has a cooling effect, increasing plant density could potentially be used as a strategy to reduce heat loads in low technology greenhouses, whilst boosting yield. Economic analysis showed that the small investment in labour to manually open vents in the no control greenhouse, for improved ventilation, returned $65.70 per square metre for every dollar invested over 10 years. To upgrade to a brand new medium technology greenhouse returned $1.70 per square metre for every dollar invested over 10 years. These results provide clear evidence of the economic benefit of improving greenhouse systems which should encourage the industry to move towards a medium technology-based industry.

Initially, the project monitored conditions in a number of commercial greenhouses, to develop the greenhouse control treatments for experiments conducted at Gosford Primary Industries Institute, NSW. Four greenhouses were configured to provide a range of environmental conditions simulating low to high technology greenhouses. These were: 1. Full control (high technology). The greenhouse climate was managed using a Priva control system. Hydronic heating was used when required and cooling was used when required with fan, fogging and evaporative pad. 2. Moderate control (medium technology). This involved hydronic heating when required, cooling in winter provided with passive ventilation through fan vents opened manually during the day, cooling in summer with fan and fogging.

The effect of controlling conditions on cucumber crops planted at the same time in winter. The crop on the left was heated (full control treatment), the crop on the right was unheated (uncontrolled treatment).

WA Grower September 2011

Your Business

Minimum conditions of employment Agribusiness loan monitor The National Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Federation (NFF) Agribusiness Loan Monitor compares and contrasts the agribusiness loan rates of the major banks and other financial institutions to shed light on bank rates and products. This tool is designed to help farmers and rural business operators to make decisions regarding banking products, through a comparison of agricultural loans and interest rates. The Agribusiness Loan Monitor will be released each month following the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) rate announcement. NFF has partnered with Canstar Cannex to provide this valuable tool to all Australian farmers. The latest monitor is available to view at www.nff.org.au/ publications.html?hilite=interest+rate.

Minimum rates of pay Effective from the commencement of the first pay period on or after 1 July 2011 Important! Before using these wage rates, please ensure that the employee is not covered by an award or agreement. Phone Wageline for more information. This information should be read in conjunction with the Minimum Conditions of Employment Act 1993, which applies to most employees working in the Western Age

Australian labour relations system. The Act is implied into State awards, industrial agreements, employer-employee agreements and employment contracts. The Act also provides the minimum conditions of employment for award free employees. Any provision in an award, agreement or employment contract that is less favourable to the employee than a minimum condition of employment has no effect.

do you want to be kept updated? Call 1300 655 266 to subscribe to Wageline Watch and Award Alert.

full time weekly rate (38 hours)

Hourly rate

casual hourly rate

Adult (21 years or more)

$607.10

$15.98

$19.18

20 years

$546.40

$14.38

$17.26

19 years

$485.70

$12.79

$15.34

18 years

$425.00

$11.19

$13.43

17 years

$364.30

$9.59

$11.51

16 years

$303.60

$7.99

$9.59

Under 16 years

$242.90

$6.40

$7.67

www.commerce.wa.gov.au/wageline

WA Grower September 2011

Your environment

YOUR

environment

WA Grower September 2011

Hire of crates and bins are available at a competitive low hire charge. Hire of picking crates and bins for the olive, wine and seafood industry. Sale crates and bins both new and second hand. 5 depots to service the regional areas.

Carnarvon Growers Assoc. (08) 9941 8384 Sands Depot Manjimup (08) 9777 1777 Sands Depot Geraldton (08) 9921 5494 G J Freight Donnybrook (08) 9731 1358 Ron Mercer Transport (Golden Mile) Donnybrook (08) 9731 1715

Head Office United Crate Co Operative Pty Ltd. Perth Office: 1 Zanni Street Canning Vale WA 6155 Phone: (08) 9455 1540 Fax: (08) 9455 2376 Email: info@unitedrates.com.au Web: www.unicrates.com.au

Your Environment

Combating biting fly By Charlotte Butler VegetablesWa

The stable fly or biting fly causes severe distress to livestock, resulting in loss of production and major animal welfare issues. This fly also has a huge impact on human lifestyle, especially in rural and rural residential communities, by restricting outdoor activities and severely affecting domestic pets. Hence the ongoing control of the biting fly is critical to minimise the impact on livestock production and the welfare, health and wellbeing of the residents in the affected areas. The biting fly is very similar in size and appearance to the common house fly and bush fly — the major difference between these flies is that the biting fly has a prominent biting mouthpart. The biting fly is a persistent pest, feeding on animals several times a day, preferring to bite cattle and horses, but also attack humans, domestic pets and other livestock. Although commonly called the stable fly, this fly is rarely found breeding in horse stables; the name is historical and was given to the fly over a century ago when it was first found breeding in horse stables in the northern hemisphere.

Crop residues left after harvesting.

Biting flies lay their eggs into rotting vegetative matter, discarded animal waste as well as a variety of sources of decaying material. Once the eggs hatch, the growing larvae can feed on the decaying vegetation until fully matured. The larvae then burrow into the sand, where they pupate, and burrow back out of the sand as an adult in search of a blood meal. Dr David Cook, from the University of Western Australia, has been working two days a week in the worst affected areas to monitor, inform and educate all landholders including; commercial vegetable growers, livestock owners, farmers and rural residents on how to reduce the level of breeding of this pest. Dr Cook has a number of good practice management strategies to assist in the control of the biting fly and other nuisance flies. The following information is specifically tailored to assist vegetable growers combat this pest.

Outline of high risk scenarios Fly breeding can occur in rotting crop residues as well as reject or abandoned produce. There is a very high risk of breeding biting flies in: • Crops with a large amount of leaves, stalks and fruit left after harvest (see Figure 2).

• Crops with woody roots such as brassicas, celery and lettuce that rot in the centre where fly larvae are well protected. • Crops which have been abandoned due to numerous circumstances. • Reject produce that has to be disposed of correctly. • Vegetable crops grown during spring, summer and autumn on porous, sandy soils.

Best practice recommendations to minimise these high risk scenarios • High speed mulching to breaking up crop residues, as soon as possible after harvest, into as small a pieces as possible, to reduce the opportunity for flies to breed. • Minimize the number of harvests and time taken to complete harvest as this will reduce the amount of time that crop residues can start rotting and be left exposed to flies. • Once a decision has been made to abandon the crop, immediate action must be taken to remove the unharvestable fruit as these will provide an ideal place for flies to breed, where they are well protected from insecticides. • Immediate deep burial (at least 500 millimetres of soil) of reject product is recommended as flies would not have chance to lay eggs on the material.

Rotting centre of brassica stalk.

WA Grower September 2011

Your Environment

Abandoned tomato crop.

Reject produce being dumped in pits.

• Allowing the crop residue to dry out on the soil surface

• Applications of at least 1,000 litres of water per hectare.

• The use of insecticides when fly larvae are clearly present

Only use chemicals registered for use against fly larvae (trichlorfon and dichlorvos).

Chemical control of fly breeding To maximize the effectiveness of insecticides used to control fly breeding restrict their use to: • Late in the day when conditions are cool • To soil that is surface moist

Products must be applied in accordance with the label or with APWMA Permit. For up to date information contact vegetablesWA or the APVMA website www.apvma.gov.au.

More information Many thanks to Dr David Cook who provided information and worked closely with vegetablesWA to ensure we deliver growers the best management strategies to combat this pest. If you require any further information or assistance with regard to the management strategies outlined please contact vegetablesWA field extension officer Charlotte Butler on 0427 373 037 or email charlotte.butler@vegetableswa.com.au.

EXTENSIVE RANGE OF QUALITY FERTILISERS INCLUDING: ·RUSTICA PLUS (COMPOUND NPK) ·GOLD PLUS (COMPOUND NPK) ·PLATINUM PLUS (COMPOUND NPK) ·CALCIUM NITRATE RANGE ·TRACE IT RANGE (MICRONUTRIENT) ·SOLU-K (POTASSIUM SULPHATE) ·AQUA-FERT (LIQUID CAL NITRATE) ·POTASSIUM NITRATE RANGE ·DIAMOND RANGE (SOLUABLE NPK) 74

WA Grower September 2011

DISTRIBUTED BY:

E.E. Muir & Sons Pty Ltd 32 Lancaster Road Wangara, W.A 6065 Ph: 08 9409 6847 Fax: 08 9409 9601 Contact: Chris Hartl 0429 182 109 Michael Wallhead 0437 022 187 Web: www.eem.com.au

Your market

YOUR

market

WA Grower September 2011

Your market

School visits

— Wembley Primary School School visits form an integral part of Western Potatoes community educational program. One of the many schools visited this year has been Wembley Primary School. Western Potatoes have been fortunate to have been invited on several occasions over the past three years to Wembley Primary School to participate in their Potato Days and also Fruit & Vegie weeks. Last term, Western Potatoes and Bud the Spud visited the school for another Potato Day.

One of the canteen staff, Alison, generously offered her services to be Bud the Spud for the day. Bud was made welcome by both students and staff alike. The students absolutely loved Bud, with many crowding around and following ‘him’ wherever ‘he’ went. They kept high-fiving and hugging ‘him’. WPPL would like to offer a very special thank you to Alison who did a fantastic job as Bud the Spud as she really got into the role.

WA Grower September 2011

Western Potatoes donated a 20 kilogram bag of Royal Blue potatoes to the school. Junell, the Canteen Manager used them to cook roasted potato wedges which were handed out to all the students of both the primary and pre-primary school. A group of students also assisted Bud in handing out showbags consisting of Feel Good Food magazines, stickers, colouring-in sheets and information about potatoes to everyone during recess. Western Potatoes had a great time and look forward to our next visit to Wembley Primary School.

Wembley Wedges • Scrub and prick the potatoes. Microwave potatoes until they are just a little bit soft. Cut into chunky wedges. • Toss into baking dish with a little olive oil and sprinkle with your favourite chopped herbs or a light sprinkle of garlic salt. • Bake until crispy and eat. OR • L eave out herbs and salt. Bake and dip in a little sour cream or sweet chilli dip.

Your market

New look

dressing and microwavers bY ANNe KIroU WESTERN POTATOES

Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s been a long time from inception to end product but we have finally got there. The dressings with their new look bottles and labels along with the blue microwavers are now here.

Western Potatoes had the pleasure of revealing the new look products during the recent Every Woman Expo. Both the dressings and microwave capsules had been really well received during the Expo with sales exceeding our expectations.

The aim of changing the bottles and labels was to give the dressings a fresh new look. With their modern, funky appearance we should be able to target the more boutique style fruit and vegie stores who, to date, have not been stocking our products.

Dressings have been steadily selling currently and it is hoped that their new look will spur on even more sales during what is normally the quieter winter period.

The microwaver has taken on not only a new colour â&#x20AC;&#x201D; blue tint, but we have also updated the packaging giving it a more lively cleaner appearance with up-to-date information regarding its versatility. Both dressings and microwavers will be making an appearance on the retail shelves within weeks.

WA Grower September 2011

Your market

19th Annual Canteen Conference & Healthy Choice Food Expo Rick Amos Retail and Consumer Officer Western Potatoes

WPPL attended the Canteen Expo on July 22 at the Perth Convention Exhibition Centre. ‘Being Part of the Puzzle’ was the theme for the expo.

WPPL is always looking for ways to be a part of that puzzle. We work towards ensuring children get quality and nutritious food in their canteens and also at ways of encouraging children and parents to include potatoes in their diet.

Helping schools ‘break ground’ in their school gardens With so many schools now having vegetable gardens, WPPL stuck out its green thumb to assist schools with growing spuds. WPPL has organised a Seed for Schools program, and the interest thus far, has been very good. This year at the expo we promoted our Seed for Schools program that is being headed up by Anne Kirou. Schools can register their information and make an order for seed potatoes for their school garden with deliveries in early March. This is the first year we have offered this program and we are hoping for good things. We also informed the attendees of the expo about our availability to conduct talks. In addition, we distributed school educational packs which show how potatoes are grown as well as the history, lifeline, and nutritional qualities of the spud. During

WA Grower September 2011

the course of the day, we also sampled the Royal Blue Bulk Mash and promoted it as an easy-to-use nutritional product within the canteen.

This year the Expo felt quieter than in previous years but the positive coming from this is that it gave us the opportunity to talk to the canteen managers in a more friendlier and less rushed environment. This year was worth our while participating in the Canteen Expo as it was the perfect time to launch our new Seed for Schools program. Depending on the feedback we receive in regards to school visits in the coming months will determine whether we participate again in 2012.

Your self

YOUR

self

WA Grower September 2011

Your self

Recipes

Grilled baby red capsicums with Mexican tacos stuffing Prep time: 20 minutes cooking time: 5 minutes

Serves 4

Ingredients

Broccolini seafood chowder with brocolini aioli

Prep time: 20 minutes

cooking time: 35 minutes

Serves 6

Ingredients

250g potatoes, peeled, roughly chopped 1 medium carrot, finely chopped 1 stick celery, finely chopped 2 cups baby spinach 12 green prawns, peeled 100g salmon, diced 1L chicken stock 2 tbsp chopped fresh chives 2 tbsp chopped fresh parsley Salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste Aioli 1 bunch broccolini® baby broccolini, roughly chopped 4 cloves garlic, crushed 1 cup thick pure egg mayonnaise 4 tbsp pistachio kernels, chopped

WA Grower September 2011

1 tbsp olive oil 150g beef mince 1 tbsp taco seasoning 4 tbsp tomato salsa 1 tbsp corn chips, crushed

1 punnet rocket

Method 1. place stock in a large saucepan and add potatoes, carrot and celery. bring to the boil then reduce heat and simmer until vegetables are tender, about 20 minutes. 2. remove from heat, add baby spinach and use a stab blender to process mixture until smooth. Season to taste with salt and freshly ground black pepper. 3. meanwhile for aioli, blanch broccolini® in boiling salted water till tender, about 2 minutes. Cool in icy water, drain, and place into a food processor. pulse until roughly chopped and transfer to a bowl. Fold in mayonnaise, garlic and pistachios. Set aside in a cool place. 4. return blended vegetables to the saucepan over medium to low heat. Add prawns, diced salmon, broccolini® stems and cream and simmer for about 5 minutes or until seafood is cooked and stems are tender. 5. Add broccolini® florets and remove from heat. Stand until broccolini® is warmed through. Stir through chives and parsley. 6. Serve immediately and top with aioli.

½ small white onion, finely diced

½ cup aged cheddar, finely grated

Chowder 3 bunches broccolini® baby broccolini, stems finely sliced, heads roughly chopped

4 baby red capsicums

Method 1. Heat oil in a pan and fry mince and onions for 5 minutes until well browned. 2. Add seasoning and 50ml water and cook until mixture is almost dry. Add 3 tbsp tomato salsa and stand to cool slightly. 3. Cut tops off baby red capsicums. Scoop out any seeds and spoon in mince mixture. Sprinkle with cheddar. 4. place under grill until cheese melts, approximately 5 minutes. 5. remove from heat and top with remaining salsa, corn chips and rocket.

Your self

Recipes (cont.) Chilled baby red capsicums stuffed with cous cous tabouli Ingredients

Method

4 baby red capsicums

1. place cous cous, tomatoes, cucumber, pine nuts, 2 crushed anchovy fillets, parsley, mint, garlic and red vinegar in a bowl and mix well.

50g semi-dried tomatoes, chopped 2 tbsp Qukes® baby snacking cucumbers, finely chopped ¾ cup Iranian cous cous, cooked 1 tbsp pine nuts, roasted 4 anchovy fillets, 2 crushed, 2 halved ½ cup continental parsley, chopped 1 tbsp mint, chopped

2. Drizzle with oil and lemon juice and refrigerate for 1 hour. 3. Cut tops off baby red capsicums and scoop out any seeds. Spoon in cous cous mixture. 4. Sprinkle with crumbled feta, garnish with halved anchovies and serve.

Prep time: 15 minutes, plus 1 hour chilling time

Serves 4

1 clove garlic, crushed 1 tbsp red vinegar 30ml extra virgin olive oil Juice of ½ lemon /3 cup crumbled feta

Broccolini tempura Ingredients

Method

2 bunches broccolini baby broccoli, whole ®

1 cup rice flour

1. Sift flours into a large bowl and stir through baking powder.

1 tsp baking powder

2. Add eggs and soda water, mix lightly. Some lumps are okay but it is important to keep batter cold.

2 eggs, whisked

3. Heat oil till hot, about 190°C.

600ml soda water, chilled

4. Dip vegetables into batter, drain well then sprinkle with flaked almonds. Carefully lower into oil. Fry a few pieces at a time till golden and crisp, approximately 60 seconds each piece, taking care not to let pieces touch each other. remove and drain on absorbent paper. oil can be strained and reused.

1 cup plain flour

2L vegetable oil for deep frying 1 cup flaked almonds

Prep time: 15 minutes cooking time: 10 minutes

Serves 4–6

WA Grower September 2011

Your self

2012 RIRDC Rural Women’s Award

Opportunity knocks for rural women The peak national award that recognises Australia’s most inspirational rural women is now open to applications.

The 2012 RIRDC Rural Women’s Award provides financial assistance, mentoring and access to a nation-wide network of business and community leaders for the selected winners. Winners are selected for each state and a national winner is also chosen. Each applicant is asked to submit a proposal, or vision, that will improve Australia’s rural communities and State and Territory winners will receive a $10,000 financial bursary to implement that vision. The State and Territory winners and runners up will also have the opportunity to undertake the AICD Company Directors Course and be supported with 12 months of facilitated individual strategic leadership support. The aim of the Award is to support women with demonstrated leadership capabilities who have the desire and commitment to make an even greater contribution to their industries and communities. Rural women are encouraged to enter themselves or to nominate someone they think is making, or could make, a real difference to their community.

WA Grower September 2011

The RIRDC Rural Women’s Award 2011 winner, Caroline Robinson has been amazed by the power of the Award.

These women are our future rural leaders and the Award has supported them to take the next step in their leadership journey.”

“The Award has generated huge exposure for my business, the WA Wheatbelt Business Network. It has given me new leadership skills and experiences, introduced me to a network of remarkable rural women and provided new opportunities to help rural women get into important conversations about the future of their industries and communities,” Caroline said.

The Award is open to all women involved in primary industries, including broadacre farming, intensive livestock, cropping, horticulture, fisheries, forestry, new and emerging plant and animal enterprises, indigenous rural enterprises, natural resource management and related service industries.

RIRDC Managing Director, Craig Burns said the Award is increasing rural women’s leadership effectiveness and contribution to industries and communities. “Our 2010 national winner, Sue Middleton has recently been appointed to the WA Royalties for Regions Advisory Trust Board, our 2010 Victorian runner up Claire Penniceard will be keynote speaker at this year’s SEGRA conference, while our 2010 Tasmanian winner, Gabbi Bresnehan, has had a huge impact in utilising the bursary to support rural women in crisis from the impacts of drought, just to name a few examples,” Mr Burns said.

The Award is an initiative of the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, in partnership with the state and territory agencies responsible for agriculture, primary industries and resources.

more information rIrDC acknowledges the support of the Award’s national partner: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and the Award’s sponsors: Westpac banking Corporation, AbC radio and rural press Ltd. Applications can be also downloaded and submitted online from the rIrDC website: www.rirdc.gov.au. Applications close on World rural Women’s Day october 15, 2011.

Your Production

Skills Audit and Learning Database A Skills Audit and Learning Database has been developed to assist vegetable growers, and staff within their business, identify opportunities for improving their business and leadership skills. The Skills Audit calculates an individual’s Learning Priorities and provides a personal Learning Profile (which is linked to the Learning Database). The Learning Profile presents a range of resources to meet the identified learning needs (including workshops, online programs, self-paced learning and templates for business planning). To identify your learning needs, using the Skills Audit, log onto the Ausveg website, go to the ‘People’ page and click on the Business Skills tab. The Learning Database can also be accessed by visiting here: http://ausveg.com.au/ learning-resources/learning-resources.htm

Fairbanks Seeds – Spring sowing options 2011 Herbs – We have a full range of herbs for field and hydro production. Check our website for full details and descriptions.

Miyako – Green stem Pak Choi which has dominated the market, especially where Club Root is a problem. IR to Club Root. Disclaimer:

Black Pearl – Market standard eggplant, classic teardrop shape, glossy colour. Suited to outdoor production.

Javelin – Uniform spring onion variety with great adaptability for harvest in summer conditions. Javelin is upright in habit, medium green in colour and bunches very well.

Celtic - A revelation in the baby leaf market. Mid green oakleaf with very upright habit. Excellent tolerance to mildew pressure.

All cultural and descriptive information is given as a general guide only. Substantial variations may occur due to many environmental factors, including climate, soil type, location, management and cultural practices. No liability will be accepted by Fairbank’s Selected Seed Co. Pty. Ltd. (ABN 86 007 138 276), or its representatives as to the accuracy of the information. All information is given in good faith. Fairbanks Seeds Ph 03 8401 3346 Fax 03 8401 3348

West Australian Agent: Mr. Don Arbuckle - Mobile: 0411 437 299. For more product information, please visit www.fairbanks.com.au

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

meGA peStS: tHe bASICS oF proteCtING YoUr CropS — VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION

Chương Trình Phát Triển Ngành Rau Quả Các Nguyên Tắc ICP Then Chốt • Hiểu rõ nguồn gốc và bản chất của các loại sâu bệnh trong vườn ươm cây giống và trang trại của quý vị • Chủ động — hướng tới phòng ngừa, hơn là diệt trừ. Không đợi đến lúc xảy ra khủng hoảng về kiểm soát sâu bệnh mới hành động. Các loài sâu bệnh đều có thiên địch — hãy hướng tới việc bảo vệ và giúp chúng gia tăng số lượng, và nếu thiên địch sẵn có tại các cơ sở nuôi côn trùng, hãy xem xét việc thả thiên địch nuôi (còn được gọi là “côn trùng có lợi”) ra chỗ cây trồng của quý vị • ưu tiên hàng đầu cho việc vệ sinh trang trại, chỉ sau an toàn của người lao động • Thường xuyên theo dõi cây trồng của quý vị và môi trường trồng • Ghi chép lại các quan sát về cây trồng và sâu bệnh. Xem xét tính hiệu quả của hóa chất và phát triển việc kháng bệnh • Tự tin thực hiện ICp thông qua giáo dục, giám sát và hành động. Tìm những người cố vấn trình độ cao và đáng tin cậy để có thể bắt đầu và hỗ trợ việc thực hiện ICP • Tiếp cận với khá đào tạo về nguyên tắc ICp cho bản thân quý vị và nhân viên • Sử dụng các nguồn lực sẵn có — nhà tư vấn, nhà nghiên cứu, sách, tờ thông tin và internet • Hiểu rõ tại sao phương pháp “kết hợp” lại cần thiết cho sự thành công.

WA Grower September 2011

Sâu bệnh lớn

Những điều cơ bản trong việc bảo vệ cây trồng của quý vị

Cây trồng tiếp xúc với áp lực sâu bệnh và môi trường nói chung. Những áp lực này có thể được giảm bớt bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp kết hợp trong việc bảo vệ cây trồng.

Bài viết này trình bày:

Bảo Vệ Cây Trồng Kết Hợp (ICP), còn được gọi là Kiểm Soát Sâu Bệnh Kết Hợp (IPM) tập trung vào việc đưa ra quyết định hợp lý và yêu cầu cân nhắc các vấn đề:

• Các bước cụ thể của ICP

• Cây trồng • Sâu bệnh • Sinh vật có lợi • Môi trường trồng • Lao động ở trang trại • Yêu cầu về thị trường. ICP cung cấp những lựa chọn thay thế thiết thực cho việc kiểm soát sâu bệnh thông thường mà thường phụ thuộc vào việc sử dụng các hóa chất tổng hợp theo lịch.

Phun thuốc trừ sâu “nhẹ” sẽ giúp duy trì thiên địch.

• Các nguyên tắc ICP then chốt • Các thành phần của ICP

• Các công cụ và lựa chọn kiểm soát chung trong ICP. Tại sao lại sử dụng IPC? Người trồng đã báo cáo rằng việc sử dụng các chiến lược ICP cho phép họ: • Phục hồi kiểm soát đối với các loại sâu bệnh kháng thuốc • Giảm thiểu tác động đến người lao động và môi trường • Giảm thiểu việc sử dụng thuốc trừ sâu tổng hợp và lượng thuốc trừ sâu dư lại • Đáp ứng người tiêu dùng và thị trường • Giảm chi phí • Đạt các yêu cầu về đảm bảo chất lượng. Việc thực hiện các nguyên tắc cơ bản của ICP chính là điểm khởi đầu tốt nhất. Kết hợp các nguyên tắc này vào cây trồng và tình trạng sâu bệnh cụ thể của quý vị sẽ giúp tối đa hóa lợi ích của các nguyên tắc đó. ʻKết hợpʼ là gì? Kết hợp nghĩa là phối hợp hai hoặc nhiều thông lệ kiểm soát khác nhau nhưng tương thích với nhau, tức là các thông lệ hoạt động tốt với nhau, không có xung đột. Ví dụ, hệ thống ICP hiệu quả có thể bao gồm các biện pháp về trồng trọt, thả sinh vật có lợi, và sử

Your Production

Mega pests: The basics of protecting your crops — Vietnamese translation

Sử dụng kính lúp để theo dõi cây trồng.

dụng thuốc trừ sâu “nhẹ” khi cần thiết để đảm bảo rằng các sinh vật có lợi không bị gây hại. Khởi đầu với sự giúp đỡ của cố vấn Các chương trình bảo vệ cây trồng hiệu quả và phù hợp nhất được phát triển bởi đội ngũ bao gồm người trồng, nhà nghiên cứu và/hoặc nhà tư vấn có kinh nghiệm về ICP. Họ có kiến thức và hiểu biết cụ thể về các giai đoạn sinh trưởng của cây trồng, các mối đe dọa chính, tác động của điều kiện môi trường và các lựa chọn sẵn có để bảo vệ cây trồng khỏi các trường hợp và sinh vật bất lợi. Người trồng và cố vấn của họ nhận thấy việc phòng ngừa sẽ thích hợp hơn việc diệt trừ sâu bệnh liên tục, và do đó, hãy thực hiện các bước cho phép

các quyết định và hành động có mục tiêu cụ thể.

các dấu hiệu xuất hiện sâu bệnh, bản thân sâu bệnh và thiên địch.

Các chương trình ICP là duy nhất đối với mỗi mùa, mỗi cây trồng và mỗi khu vực. Tầm quan trọng tương đối của các loại sâu bệnh thay đổi theo từng năm và quý vị cũng như cố vấn của mình sẽ dần trở nên thành thục trong việc đánh giá tính thích đáng và hiệu quả tiềm ẩn của mỗi bước và điều chỉnh chiến lược nào là cần thiết nhằm đảm bảo việc cải thiện liên tục và ứng phó kịp thời.

Ứng phó — giữ các bản ghi chép về điều quý vị quan sát được và tìm cách giải thích những điều đó. Hiểu rõ các lựa chọn ứng phó liên quan (bao gồm xử lý hóa chất), ngưỡng xử lý (tức là, các điều kiện cho thấy cần xử lý) và thời điểm ứng phó hiệu quả.

Chương Trình

Kiến Thức

Kiến thức — tìm hiểu về các loại sâu bệnh chính, thiên địch và cách chúng xâm nhập, phát triển, củng cố, tồn tại và tác động tới cây trồng của quý vị, trong môi trường trồng của quý vị.

• Hiểu rõ các nhà cung cấp của quý vị và duy trì các bản ghi chép phù hợp

Phòng ngừa — tìm hiểu về các yếu tố khác tác động tới mối quan hệ giữa sâu bệnh và cây trồng — thời gian và vị trí trồng, loại cây trồng, luân canh và quản lý hệ thống tưới tiêu và dinh dưỡng. Đưa ra các quyết định giúp giảm tác động tiềm ẩn của sâu bệnh, đồng thời nâng cao khả năng tránh hoặc kháng lại sâu bệnh của cây trồng. Theo dõi và quan sát — thường xuyên theo dõi cây trồng của quý vị và tìm hiểu về thời gian và địa điểm tìm kiếm

Một số bước quan trọng trong hành trình ICP của quý vị

• Hiểu rõ các loại sâu bệnh — xác nhận thông tin nhận dạng, hiểu rõ đặc điểm sinh học và hành vi, cách cạnh tranh và đối thủ cạnh tranh của sâu bệnh, và các điều kiện có lợi cho sự tồn tại và mở rộng của chúng • Tìm hiểu và thực hiện vệ sinh tại chỗ cấp cao cũng như vệ sinh cho người lao động và thiết bị • Hiểu rõ tác dụng của các loại thuốc trừ sâu đã đăng ký (các hóa chất được sử dụng để kiểm soát sâu bệnh, bao gồm thuốc trừ sâu, thuốc diệt nấm và thuốc diệt cỏ tổng hợp và có nguồn gốc sinh học) đối với thiên địch và côn trùng có lợi • Hiểu rõ lịch sử đất trồng — các loại cây trồng trước đó và mức côn trùng, giun tròn, cỏ dại và mầm bệnh trong đất. Phòng ngừa • Tiến hành kiểm tra trước khi trồng để phát hiện sâu bệnh trong lòng đất • Chỉ trồng các loại nguyên liệu phù hợp — các loài có khả năng kháng bệnh, hạt giống đã được xử lý, hạt giống không mầm bệnh và côn trùng, cây con hoặc cành giâm

Người trồng, nhà nghiên cứu, nhà tư vấn và cố vấn làm việc cùng nhau để phát triển hệ thống ICP cho cây mù tạc.

• Không được trồng cây mới gần những cây trồng cùng loại sắp được thu hoạch hoặc có vấn đề sâu bệnh ngoài tầm kiểm soát, và không được trồng liên tiếp các loại cây trồng có cùng họ (ví dụ, các loại cây trồng trong họ Cà như cà chua, khoai tây, cà tím và ớt) trên cùng miếng hay mảnh đất WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Mega pests: The basics of protecting your crops — Vietnamese translation

• Nhận biết các sinh vật, biểu hiện ‘bình thường’ và ‘bất thường’ của cây trồng • Giảm thiểu tình trạng “stress” của cây trồng — tối ưu hóa đất trồng để hạn chế mức độ trầm trọng của bệnh tật. Sử dụng bẫy dính, bẫy pheromone, bộ cảm biến tình trạng ẩm ướt của lá, mô hình dự đoán bệnh và mô hình phát triển côn trùng để hỗ trợ. chuẩn bị và ứng dụng các biện pháp về chất lượng đất trồng, nguồn nước và dinh dưỡng • Tránh gây tổn thương cơ học cho cây trồng • Dọn dẹp chất thải từ cây trồng và các loại thực vật phi thương mại là nơi ẩn náu của sâu bệnh; thúc đẩy các loại thực vật là nơi ẩn náu cho các côn trùng có lợi. Theo dõi và giám sát • Hiểu rõ những dự báo thời tiết liên quan • Theo dõi cây trồng và sử dụng những người quan sát cây trồng có kinh nghiệm để theo dõi số lượng sâu bệnh và côn trùng có lợi và để xác định và đánh giá mức độ trầm trọng của bệnh tật. Sử dụng bẫy dính, bẫy pheromone, bộ cảm biến tình trạng ẩm ướt của lá, mô hình dự đoán bệnh và mô hình phát triển côn trùng để hỗ trợ. ứng phó • Đặt ra một số mục tiêu, lên kế hoạch và xác định biện pháp “thành công/ thất bại” của quý vị • Xem xét thay đổi lịch trình • Bảo vệ môi trường — duy trì nguồn đất trồng và nước, giảm thiểu sự lệ thuộc vào hóa chất • Sử dụng thuốc trừ sâu khi cần thiết nhưng không được lệ thuộc vào chúng. Các lựa chọn kiểm soát nào sẵn có? Các lựa chọn về trồng trọt, vật lý hoặc cơ học — những lựa chọn này thường giúp cây trồng tránh, kháng lại hoặc làm chậm quá trình tương

WA Grower September 2011

tác với sâu bệnh. Các lựa chọn này bao gồm — lựa chọn địa điểm phù hợp, thời gian ngừng canh tác, thời kỳ không trồng cấy ở cấp khu vực, thay đổi ngày trồng có xem xét đến việc di chuyển của sâu bệnh và/hoặc thời tiết, giảm thiểu việc chồng chéo giữa cây trồng mới/cũ, các loài có khả năng kháng bệnh, luân canh, tỉa bỏ (loại bỏ các cây bệnh/sắp chết), lưới ngăn côn trùng, áp lực nhà kính dương, loại bỏ nơi cư trú của sâu bệnh, tạo nơi trú ẩn cho côn trùng có lợi, hạn chế sự di chuyển của con người.

Các lựa chọn hóa chất — những lựa chọn này liên quan đến việc sử dụng các hóa chất tự nhiên, sinh học, “nhẹ” hoặc hóa chất phổ hẹp để thay đổi hành vi của sâu bệnh, thu hút sâu bệnh nhằm mục đích theo dõi, giảm bớt sự hiện diện hoặc tác động của sâu bệnh, hoặc thay đổi tính hấp dẫn của cây trồng chủ. Ví dụ về các lựa chọn hóa chất được sử dụng trong ICP bao gồm pheromone, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) và hun khói sinh học. Các lựa chọn kháng bệnh — những loài có khả năng kháng bệnh sẽ hạn chế tác động của sâu bệnh và cần được sử dụng bất cứ khi nào sẵn có và phù hợp với việc làm vườn. Các lựa chọn sinh học — những lựa chọn này phụ thuộc vào các loài thiên địch hoặc sinh vật được đưa vào có khả năng hạn chế tác động của sâu bệnh, ví dụ như các thông lệ giúp thúc đẩy hoặc mở rộng nơi cư trú và số lượng các côn trùng có lợi, loài ký sinh, loài đối kháng và loài săn mồi hoặc nâng cao khả năng kháng bệnh cây trồng nhận được. Các côn trùng có lợi bao gồm tất cả các côn trùng săn mồi, bọ ve và nhện; côn trùng ký sinh, giun tròn và ruồi; và nấm hoặc vi khuẩn tấn công sâu bệnh hoặc thành công hơn sâu bệnh trong việc kiểm soát các địa điểm lây nhiễm tiềm tàng. Các côn trùng có lợi thường thấy bao gồm: bọ rùa, bọ cánh cứng damsel, Aphidius (một loài ong sống ký sinh trong rệp cây), Ong Mắt Đỏ (một loài côn trùng ký sinh trong trứng sâu bướm), côn trùng cánh ren nâu và lục, ve săn mối Persimilis, và con xâu tai tự nhiên. Tất cả những côn trùng có lợi này đều có vai trò quan trọng trong ICP.

Lựa chọn nguồn lực hữu ích có rất nhiều nguồn lực hữu ích bổ sung có thể được truy cập tại khu vực bảo mật của trang web AUSVeG. Hãy tới trang ‘Nghiên Cứu Chuyên Sâu về Chuyên Môn’ sau đó tới ‘Cơ Sở Dữ Liệu Nghiên Cứu Chuyên Sâu r+D (công cụ tìm kiếm)’ để bắt đầu tìm kiếm bằng cách sử dụng các từ khóa. các nguồn lực bao gồm: 1. Hướng Dẫn về Sâu Bệnh Có Hại: hướng dẫn về cách xác định các loại sâu bệnh có hại cho rau quả và thiên địch của chúng tại các vùng nhiệt đới khô hạn. để đặt hàng, hãy liên hệ: John.brown@deedi.qld. gov.au 2. Các loại sâu bệnh, bệnh tật, rối loạn và côn trùng có lợi đối với rau quả trồng trong nhà kính. để đặt hàng từ trang web của Industry & Investment NSW (I&I NSW), hãy truy cập vào: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/ resources/bookshop/veg-ipmfield-idguide

3. Bọ trĩ và vi-rút tospovirus — Hướng Dẫn Kiểm Soát. Tải về từ: www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_11607. htm 4. Có thể tải về hướng dẫn lập kế hoạch tái trồng cây từ:

www.sardi.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0008/44945/reveg_by_ design_guidebook.pdf 5. Nhận dạng côn trùng, nhện và ve trong rau quả — Sổ Tay Hội Thảo (phiên bản thứ hai), và Nhận dạng côn trùng, nhện và ve trong rau quả — sổ tay người hướng dẫn — 2010, DeeDI. có thể đươc tải về từ:

www.dpi.qld.gov.au/26_19983.htm

6. Bản tin Lettuce Leaf: Tải về từ:

www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/ resources/periodicals/newsletters/ lettuce-leaf 7. Keep It Clean (Giữ Chúng Sạch Sẽ). Được cung cấp miễn phí cho tất cả các người trồng rau nhà kính có đóng thuế tại Úc. cũng có thể được mua. yêu cầu hoặc đặt mua qua liên kết sau:

Your Production

meGA peStS: tHe bASICS oF proteCtING YoUr CropS — VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION

www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/ horticulture/greenhouse/pestdisease/general/preventing/keep-itclean

8. Cải Thiện Chất Lượng Đất Trồng để đạt Năng Suất và Lợi Nhuận về Rau Quả. 2010. Tờ thông tin do đội ngũ Chất Lượng Đất Trồng Rau VicDpI phát hành. Tải về từ:

Tờ thông tin được phát hành cùng với www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07008_ ‘Keep It Clean’: những tờ thông tin Soil_Health_brochure.pdf này cung cấp thông tin khởi đầu tuyệt vời cho cả nhà sản xuất sử dụng nhà 9. Chất Lượng Đất Sản Xuất Rau tại Úc. 2010. Tờ thông tin do DeeDI kính và ngoài đồng ruộng. Hãy vào phát hành. Tải về từ: trang web Keep it Clean và nhấp vào www.dpi.qld.gov.au/26_17025.htm tiêu đề để tải về các bản sao.

Lời cảm ơn Văn bản và ảnh do prue mcmichael, Lauren thompson (Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services pty Ltd) và Sandra McDougall (Industry & Investment NSW) cung cấp. Chương trình Phát Triển Ngành Rau Quả được HAL tài trợ bằng cách sử dụng các khoản thuế rau quả và quỹ thích hợp từ Chính Phủ Úc.

VeGetAbLe proDUCerS’ CommIttee: Fee For SerVICe CHArGe 2011–2012 FINANCIAL YeAr — VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION

ỦY BAN CÁC NHÀ SẢN XUẤT RAU QUẢ Phí Dịch Vụ cho Năm Tài Chính 2011/2012 Những dự án và đề xuất sau đây đã được phê duyệt: bY JIm tUrLeY Giám Đốc Điều Hành APC-VPC

Vào tháng sáu, Ủy Ban Các Nhà Sản Xuất Rau Quả APC của quý vị đã được phê duyệt ngân sách cho năm 2011/2012. Các ủy viên đã tham khảo ý kiến của rất nhiều người trồng trong khu vực, liên quan đến tất cả đề xuất xin phê duyệt được các bên liên quan trong ngành gửi cho họ.

1. Phát Triển Chiến Lược Kiểm Soát Vi-rút và Côn Trùng Kết Hợp Cho Ớt Trồng Ở Vùng Carnarvon

$35,000

2. Cán Bộ Mở Rộng Đất Trồng

$50,000

3. Marketing và Quảng Bá Rau Quả Tây Úc

$120,500

4. Kiểm Soát Tình Trạng Thối Rễ ở Cải Bó Xôi Non

$12,000

5. Thông Lệ Tốt Trong Sản Xuất Cà Chua — Hệ Thống Tưới Tiêu Nhỏ Giọt

$40,000

6. Tài Trợ cho VegetablesWA

$291,700

7. Biện Pháp Thay Thế Thuốc Trừ Sâu Dimethoate và Fenthion 8. Đào Tạo Nhân Viên Kiểm Tra để Nhận Biết Mối Ong Tấn Công Ong TỔNG KINH PHÍ ĐƯỢC PHÊ DUYỆT

$50,000 $2,000 $601,200

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Tomato irrigation trial gears up for 2011–12 season — Vietnamese translation

Chuẩn bị cho quá trình thử nghiệm hệ thống tưới tiêu cà chua mùa vụ 2011-12 Rohan Prince

Cán Bộ Phát Triển, DAFWA Người trồng cà chua Carabooda George Kyme đã sẵn lòng trao một phần đất tại bất động sản của ông ở Bernard Road North trong mùa này cho các thử nghiệm để có thể tiếp tục phát triển những thông lệ tốt cho cà chua được tưới nhỏ giọt. Với vị trí thuận lợi nằm cạnh nhà máy đóng gói WesGrowers, địa điểm này rất dễ tiếp cận và sẽ được dùng để tổ chức những ngày mở cửa thường lệ, trong đó người trồng mang sản phẩm thu hoạch của họ tới để phân loại nhằm xem xét diễn biến của thử nghiệm. Thử nghiệm năm nay sẽ so sánh lịch trồng bằng cách sử dụng các yếu tố bay hơi và cây trồng được điều chỉnh bằng cách theo dõi độ ẩm của đất nhằm điều chỉnh chế độ tưới tiêu cho phù hợp với địa điểm. Việc thoát nước sẽ được theo dõi bằng thẩm kế giữ lại. Năng suất và chất lượng sẽ được theo dõi bằng cách thu hoạch và phân loại sản phẩm thu hoạch từ hai khu vực riêng biệt. Thử nghiệm mùa trước tại Medina đã so sánh năm cấp độ tưới nhỏ giọt khác nhau và nhận thấy rằng sản lượng cũng tương tự với biện pháp kiểm soát của người trồng khi lượng nước và dinh dưỡng được sử dụng đã giảm lần lượt 40% và 50%. Rõ ràng đây không phải là kết quả trên quy mô thương mại hoặc trang trại, nên việc thử nghiệm trong điều kiện trồng thực tế nhằm xác nhận kết quả này là rất quan trọng. Trong mùa này, việc tưới tiêu và bón phân sẽ được thực hiện độc lập với cùng một nguồn nước phục vụ cho

WA Grower September 2011

khoảng 4.000 cây Swanson. Các nhân viên của George sẽ uốn, buộc và cắt tỉa những cây này giống như số cây trồng còn lại. Bằng cách tiến hành thử nghiệm này trên một vùng đất thương mại, người ta hy vọng sẽ khắc phục được một số vấn đề nghề nông đã xảy ra ở địa điểm thử nghiệm cô lập tại Trạm Nghiên Cứu Medina và đạt năng suất sản phẩm cao hơn nhằm kiểm chứng nhu cầu về nước thực sự của các loại cây được trồng thương mại. George cho biết điều quan trọng đối với ngành này là phải hỗ trợ công tác này khi ngành đang chịu áp lực rất lớn đối với việc chứng minh sử dụng nước hiệu quả. Ông nhận xét, “tính hiệu quả không chỉ là về lượng nước tưới tiêu cho cây trồng, mà còn là lượng sản phẩm thu được từ lượng nước đó”. Vụ cà chua sẽ được trồng vào cuối tháng mười. Nếu quí vị muốn quan sát diễn biến về điều này, hãy xem biển báo gần khu vực đóng gói để biết

đường tới địa điểm thử nghiệm và ghé qua để xem. Nếu quý vị muốn tổ chức một chuyến tham quan, vui lòng liên hệ với tôi, Rohan Prince, và tôi có thể gặp quý vị tại đó. Nếu quý vị có bất kỳ thắc mắc nào, vui lòng gọi tới số 0429 680 069 hoặc gửi email tới địa chỉ rohan. prince@agric.wa.gov.au Năm nay là năm cuối cùng của dự án do APC/VPC và HAL tài trợ, vì vậy hãy tận dụng mọi cơ hội để đóng góp ý kiến và đảm bảo rằng quý vị nhận được giá trị xứng đáng từ các khoản đóng thuế của mình. Hẹn gặp quý vị tại địa điểm! SẼ CÓ ẢNH

Your Production

Permits

Minor Use Permits can also be searched by specific crop or pest types at www.apvma.gov.au/permits/search.php

Permit ID

Description

PER11033

Imazamox / Adzuki & faba beans / Control of grass & broadeaf weeds

Date issued 1-Jan-09

Expiry date 31-Dec-11

PER11405

Haloxyfop / Adzuki beans / Grass weeds

1-Jun-09

30-May-14

18-May-09

30-Sep-11

PER10166

Avatar (indoxacarb) / Asparagus / Garden weevil

PER10276

Filan Fungicide (boscalid) / Brassicas & brassica leafy vegetables, lettuce & beans / Sclertonia rot

1-Feb-10

31-Jan-13

PER11952

Amistar 250SC (azoxystrobin) / Broccoli, brussells sprouts, cauliflower, lettuce & beans / Various fungal diseases

1-Apr-10

30-Sep-11

PER11450

Ethofumesate (Tramat) / Beetroot & onions / Grass weeds

8-Jun-09

30-Jun-15

PER10908

Tebuconazole / Beetroot, chicory, endive, radish, silverbeet & spinach / Sclerotonia rot

9-Jun-10

30-Jun-13

PER11919

Flint 500 WG Fungicide (trifloxystrobin) / Beetroot / Alternaria leaf spot & Cercospora leaf spot

29-Jun-11

30-Sep-13

PER12052

Phosphorous (phosphonic) acid / Beetroot, carrot, parsnip & brassica leafy vegetables / Damping off & downy mildew

29-Jun-11

30-Jun-13

PER11949

Lambda-Cyhalothrin / Beetroot & radish / Various insects

1-Apr-10

31-Mar-15

PER9509

Methomyl / Borlotti beans / Bean pod borer & budworm

1-Nov-06

31-Oct-16

PER9631

Nufarm Cabrio Fungicide (pyraclostrobin) / Brassica leafy vegetables / White blister rust

16-Jan-09

30-Jun-12

PER11439

Pirimicarb / Sweet potato, brassica leafy vegetables, chicory & coriander / Aphids

19-Oct-09

30-Sep-11

PER10276

Filan Fungicide (boscalid) / Brassicas & brassica leafy vegetables, lettuce & beans / Sclertonia rot

1-Feb-10

31-Jan-13

PER12052

Phosphorous (phosphonic) acid / Beetroot, carrot, parsnip & brassica leafy vegetables / Damping off & downy mildew

29-Jun-11

30-Jun-13

PER10674

Mancozeb + Metalaxyl-M / Brassica vegetables, brassica leafy vegetables & rocket / Downy mildew & white blister

14-Apr-08

31-Mar-13 30-Sep-11

PER11480

Amistar Fungicide / Brassica leafy vegetables & carrots / Alternaria leaf spot & powdery mildew

10-Aug-09

PER9669

Iprodione / Brassica leafy vegetables / Sclerotinia, grey mould, alternaria leaf spot

30-Jun-07

30-Jun-12

PER10907

Acrobat Fungicide / Brassica leafy vegetables / White blister

10-Dec-08

30-Sep-11

PER10497

Imidacloprid / Brassica leafy vegetables / Aphids, whitefly & thrips

11-Jun-09

31-Mar-14

PER10845

Barmac Zineb Fungicide / Brassica leafy vegetables / Cercospora leaf spot & downy mildew

11-Jun-09

31-Mar-15

PER11475

Alpha-cypermethrin / Brassica leafy vegetables & radish / Redlegged earth mite, plague thrips & lepidoptera

11-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER12054

Propiconazole / Brassica leafy vegetables, chicory, endive, radiccio / Cercospora leaf spot, rust, septoria leaf spot

22-Oct-10

31-Aug-14

PER10674

Mancozeb + Metalaxyl-M / Brassica vegetables, brassica leafy vegetables & rocket / Downy mildew & white blister

14-Apr-08

31-Mar-13

PER11951

Phosphorous acid / Brassica vegetables, leafy vegetables & processing peas / Downy mildew

1-Nov-10

31-Mar-12

PER10920

Chlorpyrifos / Brassicas / Vegetable beetle adults

9-Jun-09

30-Sep-12

PER10276

Filan Fungicide (boscalid) / Brassicas & brassica leafy vegetables, lettuce & beans / Sclertonia rot

1-Feb-10

31-Jan-13 31-Mar-14

PER12657

Tebuconazole / Faba beans & broad beans / Cercospora leaf spot

27-Apr-11

PER10588

Iprodione / Broccoli / Rhizoctonia

7-May-08

30-Apr-13

PER10735

APRON XL 350 ES & Maxim 100FS / Broccoli / Damping off & Rhizoctonia

1-Jun-09

30-Sep-11

PER11952

Amistar 250SC (azoxystrobin) / Broccoli, brussells sprouts, cauliflower, lettuce & beans / Various fungal diseases

1-Apr-10

30-Sep-11

PER10090

Iprodione / Brussels sprout / Grey mould

12-Jan-10

1-Aug-15

PER11952

Amistar 250SC (azoxystrobin) / Broccoli, brussells sprouts, cauliflower, lettuce & beans / Various fungal diseases

1-Apr-10

30-Sep-11

PER10714

Karate (Lambda-cyhalothrin) / Bulb onions / Onion thrip

8-Sep-08

30-Sep-11

PER7905

Phosphorous / Lettuce (leaf & hydroponic), fennel & bulb (Allium) vegetables / Downy mildew

4-Apr-06

30-Sep-12

PER12572

Acramite Miticide / Cucumbers, capsicums & tomatoes / Two-spotted mite

17-Nov-10

30-Sep-11

PER11778

Agri-fos 600 Systemic Fungicide (phosphorous acid) / Capsicums & eggplant / Phytophthora soil fungus

29-Jun-11

30-Nov-15

PER10903

Flint 500 WG Fungicide / Cucumbers & capsicums (protected) / Powdery mildew

18-Aug-10

31-May-13

PER10914

Azoxystrobin / Radish, leek & carrot / Powdery mildew, downy mildew & white blister rust

9-Jun-09

31-May-14

PER12052

Phosphorous (phosphonic) acid / Beetroot, carrot, parsnip & brassica leafy vegetables / Damping off & downy mildew

29-Jun-11

30-Jun-13

PER11480

Amistar Fungicide / Brassica leafy vegetables & carrots / Alternaria leaf spot & powdery mildew

10-Aug-09

30-Sep-11

PER11747

2,2-Dichloropropionic Acid / Carrot crops (for seed) / Promotion of bolting & grass weed control

1-Oct-09

30-Nov-14

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Permits (cont.)

Permit ID

Description

Date issued

Expiry date

PER12400

Iprodione / Carrots / Suppression of black rot

15-Jul-11

30-Sep-12

PER11952

Amistar 250SC (azoxystrobin) / Broccoli, brussells sprouts, cauliflower, lettuce & beans / Various fungal diseases

1-Apr-10

30-Sep-11

PER10688

Alpha-Cypermethrin / Cauliflower crops / Staphylinid beetle

1-May-08

30-Apr-13

PER10846

Rovral Aquaflo Fungicide (Iprodione) / Celeriac / Sclerotinia rot

9-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER11349

Prometryn / Celeriac / Grass weeds listed on label

1-May-10

11-Dec-11

PER11987

Linuron / Celeraic / Weeds

1-May-10

30-Apr-12

PER10675

Metolachlor / Spinach, silverbeet, spring onions, shallots, green beans, navy beans, celeriac & celery / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

14-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER10675

Metolachlor / Spinach, silverbeet, spring onions, shallots, green beans, navy beans, celeriac & celery / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

14-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER9839

Permethrin (Ambush ) / Celery / Heliothis & looper

20-Feb-08

31-Mar-13

PER10316

Avatar Insecticide (indoxacarb) / Celery / Heliothis, lightbrown apple moth, lucerne leaf roller & vegetable weevil

3-Mar-08

30-Sep-12

PER10946

Linuron / Celery / range of weeds

1-Nov-08

30-Apr-12

PER10729

Applaud Insecticide (buprofezin) / Celery / Greenhouse whitefly

15-Jan-09

31-Jan-13

PER10727

Ridomil Gold MZ WG / Celery, silverbeet & spinach / Late blight, septoria leaf blight & downy mildew

31-Mar-09

30-Sep-12

PER11641

Flint 500 WG (trifloxystrobin) / Celery / Cercospora leaf spot & septoria spot

27-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER12405

Score Foliar Fungicide (difenoconazole) / Celery / Cercospora leaf spot & septoria spots

7-Jan-11

31-Oct-12

PER10908

Tebuconazole / Beetroot, chicory, endive, radish, silverbeet & spinach / Sclerotonia rot

9-Jun-10

30-Jun-13

PER12054

Propiconazole / Brassica leafy vegetables, chicory, endive, radiccio / Cercospora leaf spot, rust, Septoria leaf spot

22-Oct-10

31-Aug-14

PER11855

Betanal Herbicide Spray (phenmedipham) / Lettuce, chicory, endive, radicchio, spinach, & silverbeet / Broadleaf weeds

28-Jun-11

30-Jun-14

PER11439

Pirimicarb / Sweet potato, brassica leafy vegetables, chicory & coriander / Aphids

19-Oct-09

30-Sep-11

PER11356

Flint 500 WG (trifloxystrobin) / Silverbeet, spinach, chicory & endive / Powdery mildew

27-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER11352

Walabi Fungicide / Chicory, endive, radicchio, silverbeet & spinach / Botrytis & alternaria

25-Nov-09

30-Sep-14

PER11849

Ridomil Gold MZ (mancozeb + metalaxyl-M) / Chicory, endive & radicchio / Anthracnose, downy mildew & septoria

30-Jun-11

31-Mar-13

PER10677

Propyzamide / Chicory & endive / Grass & broadleef weeds

14-Apr-08

30-Apr-18 30-Sep-12

PER11946

Clethodim / Peas, eggplant, chilli peppers, paprika, silverbeet & spinach / Grasses

16-Sep-10

PER12823

Trifluralin/ Chillies, paprika & eggplant/ Various broad leaf & grass weeds

11-May-11

30-Jun-21

PER10730

Abamectin (Vertimec) / Chillies & paprika / Two-spoted mite

8-Aug-08

30-Sep-12 30-Sep-12

PER10747

Rovral Aquaflo Fungicide / Chillies & paprika / Sclerotinia rot

25-Nov-09

PER10800

Bayfidan 250 EC Fungicide / Chillies & paprika / Powdery mildew

2-Feb-10

30-Jun-13

PER11439

Pirimicarb / Sweet potato, brassica leafy vegetables, chicory & coriander / Aphids

19-Oct-09

30-Sep-11 31-Mar-12

PER9779

Diazinon / Parsley & coriander / Onion maggot

7-May-07

PER10279

Abamectin / Cucumber, zucchini & squash / Two-spotted mite

22-Feb-08

30-Sep-13

PER12504

Permethrin/ Cucurbits: Rockmelons, watermelons, pumpkin, cucumbers, squash & zucchini / Cucumber moth larvae (Phakelura indica)

22-Jul-11

31-Dec-13

PER10903

Flint 500 WG Fungicide / Cucumbers & capsicums (protected) / Powdery mildew

18-Aug-10

31-May-13

PER9104

Pyranica / Cucumbers / Two-spotted mite

3-Apr-07

2-Apr-12

PER10219

Mancozeb / Cucumbers / Grey mould

16-Apr-08

30-Apr-13

PER10818

Bravo Weather Stik Fungicide (chlorothalonil) / Cucumbers / Botrytis rot

1-Jun-09

30-Sep-13

PER12572

Acramite Miticide / Cucumbers, capsicums & tomatoes / Two-spotted mite

17-Nov-10

30-Sep-11

PER10764

Pyriproxyfen / Cucurbits, eggplant & tomato / Silverleaf whitefly

PER10979

Bupirimate / Cucurbits & peppers / Powdery mildew

PER11128

Trifluralin / Culinary herbs / Weeds

1-Jul-08

30-Sep-12

31-Mar-09

30-Sep-14

1-Jan-09

30-Sep-11

30-Nov-09

30-Sep-11

PER11644

Permethrin / Culinary herbs & root crops / Lepidopteran pests

PER11425

Metalaxyl / Dill & parsley / Phythium & Phytophthora

2-Apr-09

31-Oct-11

PER9893

Methidathion / Peppers & eggplant / Rutherglen bug

8-May-08

31-May-13

PER11941

Pirimicarb / Almond, eggplant / Aphids (consolidated application)

1-Apr-10

31-Mar-12

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Permits (cont.) Permit ID

Description

Date issued

Expiry date

PER11946

Clethodim / Peas, eggplant, chilli peppers, paprika, silverbeet & spinach / Grasses

16-Sep-10

30-Sep-12

PER12823

Trifluralin/ Chillies, paprika & eggplant / Various broad leaf & grass weeds

11-May-11

30-Jun-21

PER11778

Agri-fos 600 Systemic Fungicide (phosphorous acid) / Capsicums & eggplant / Phytophthora soil fungus

29-Jun-11

30-Nov-15

PER10265

Methidathion / Peppers, eggplant & tomatoes / Western flower thrips

18-Mar-08

30-Sep-12

1-Jul-08

30-Sep-12

PER10764

Pyriproxyfen / Cucurbits, eggplant & tomato / Silverleaf whitefly

PER5815

Spinosad / Eggplant / Melon thrips

11-Aug-08

31-Jul-13

PER10948

Abamectin / Eggplant / Two-spotted mite

17-Oct-08

30-Oct-13

PER12862

Zineb / Eggplant, spinach & silverbeet/ Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.)

4-Jul-11

31-Jul-14

PER12442

Trichlorfon / Eggplant, pepino & cape gooseberry / Queensland fruit fly & mediterranean fruit fly

10-Aug-11

31-May-14

PER8930

Phorate / Eggplant, peppers, shallots & spring onions / Aphids, jassids, mites, thrips & onion maggot

14-Aug-11

31-Jul-16

PER10677

Propyzamide / Chicory & endive / Grass & broadleef weeds

14-Apr-08

30-Apr-18

PER11352

Walabi Fungicide / Chicory, endive, radicchio, silverbeet & spinach / Botrytis & alternaria

25-Nov-09

30-Sep-14

PER11356

Flint 500 WG (trifloxystrobin) / Silverbeet, spinach, chicory & endive / Powdery mildew

27-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER10908

Tebuconazole / Beetroot, chicory, endive, radish, silverbeet & spinach / Sclerotonia rot

9-Jun-10

30-Jun-13

PER12054

Propiconazole / Brassica leafy vegetables, chicory, endive, radiccio / Cercospora leaf spot, rust, septoria leaf spot

22-Oct-10

31-Aug-14

PER11855

Betanal Herbicide Spray (phenmedipham) / Lettuce, chicory, endive, radicchio, spinach, & silverbeet / Broadleaf weeds

28-Jun-11

30-Jun-14

PER11849

Ridomil Gold MZ (mancozeb + metalaxyl-M) / Chicory, endive & radicchio / Anthracnose, downy mildew & septoria

30-Jun-11

31-Mar-13

PER9508

Raptor / Faba bean / Various weeds

31-Dec-06

30-Dec-11

PER11033

Imazamox / Adzuki & faba beans / Control of grass & broadeaf weeds

1-Jan-09

31-Dec-11 31-Mar-14

PER12657

Tebuconazole / Faba beans & broad beans / Cercospora leaf spot

27-Apr-11

PER7905

Phosphorous / Lettuce (leaf & hydroponic), fennel & bulb (Allium) vegetables / Downy mildew

4-Apr-06

30-Sep-12

PER11251

Maldison / Fruit fly host species / Fruit fly surveillance

10-Aug-09

30-Sep-15 30-Jun-13

PER10695

Methyl Bromide / Fruit & fruiting vegetables / Fruit fly & thrips

4-Jun-08

PER11453

Fluazifop / Shallots, spring onions, leeks, garlic, parsnips & sweet potato / Grass weeds

25-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER10511

Surflan 500 Flowable Herbicide (Oryzalin) / Garlic / Broadleaf & grass weeds

18-Mar-08

31-Mar-13

PER11170

Fluazifop / Rosemary & garlic chives / Grass weeds

1-Jan-09

30-Sep-14

PER11852

Fenhexamid / Greenhouse & protected cropping (GHPC) peppers & GHPC lettuce (head & leafy) / Grey mould

17-Aug-10

31-Jan-13

PER10675

Metolachlor / Spinach, silverbeet, spring onions, shallots, green beans, navy beans, celeriac & celery / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

14-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER11852

Fenhexamid / Greenhouse & protected cropping (GHPC) peppers & GHPC lettuce (head & leafy) / Grey mould

17-Aug-10

31-Jan-13

PER11120

Natrasoap & Neemtech / Greenhouse tomatoes / Greenhouse whitefly

10-Oct-08

30-Sep-13

PER10416

Methamidophos / Head lettuce / Western flower thrips

25-Mar-08

31-Mar-13

PER10807

Vertimec (abamectin) / Head lettuce (field) / Two-spotted mite

1-Jun-09

31-Mar-14

PER9480

Phosphorous acid / Strawberries, herbs & passionfruit / Phytophthora

12-Oct-06

31-Oct-11

23-Nov-07

31-Dec-12

1-Jan-08

31-Dec-12

24-Dec-08

30-Sep-11

PER10305

Bacillus thuringiensis / Herbs / Lepidopteran pests

PER10307

Metolachlor / Culinary herbs / Weeds

PER8595

Cypermethrin / Specified leafy herbs & woody herbs / Specified insect pests

PER8596

Propiconazole / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Various diseases

24-Dec-08

30-Sep-11

PER8612

Indoxacarb / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Lepidoptera

24-Dec-08

30-Sep-11

PER8613

Pirimicarb / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Aphids

24-Dec-08

30-Sep-11

PER8620

Tebuconazole / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Various diseases

24-Dec-08

30-Sep-11

PER8628

Pendimethalin / Herbs / Grass & broadleaf weeds

24-Dec-08

30-Sep-14

PER8631

Abamectin / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Various insect pests

24-Dec-08

30-Sep-11

PER8601

Pyriproxyfen / Herbs / Silverleaf whitefly & greenhouse whitefly

17-Apr-09

30-Aug-12

PER8576

Buprofezin /Specified leafy & woody herbs / Jassid, mealybug, silverleaf & greenhouse whitefly

23-Apr-09

30-Aug-12

PER8617

Fenhexamid / Herbs / Botrytis

15-May-09

30-Sep-12

PER8577

Etoxazole / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Two-spotted mite

18-Jun-09

30-Jul-13

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Permits (cont.)

Permit ID

Description

Date issued

Expiry date

PER8591

Myclobutanil / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Powdery mildew

18-Jun-09

30-Jul-13

PER8621

Quinoxyfen / Leafy & woody herbs / Powdery mildew

18-Jun-09

30-Jul-13

PER8633

Chlorfenapyr / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Various insects

18-Jun-09

30-Jul-13

PER11586

Metaldehyde / Herbs / Snails & slugs

3-Jul-09

30-Sep-11 31-Dec-14

PER11815

Petroleum oil / Herbs / Insect pests

1-Jan-10

PER10816

Amistar (azoxystrobin) / Horseradish / White blister rust & downy mildew

1-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER10311

Eco-Oil (Botanical Oil) / Greenhouse & hydroponic capsicum, cucumber & lettuce / Greenhouse whitefly & silverleaf whitefly

7-Feb-08

30-Sep-13

PER10184

Products containing potassium salts of fatty acids @ 285 g/L / Glasshouse & hydroponically grown capsicums, lettuce & cucumbers / Glasshouse whitefly & silverleaf whitefly

20-Feb-08

28-Feb-13

PER10311

Eco-Oil (Botanical Oil) / Greenhouse & hydroponic capsicum, cucumber & lettuce / Greenhouse whitefly & silverleaf whitefly

7-Feb-08

30-Sep-13

PER10184

Products containing potassium salts of fatty acids @ 285 g/L / Glasshouse & hydroponically grown capsicums, lettuce & cucumbers / Glasshouse whitefly & silverleaf whitefly

20-Feb-08

28-Feb-13

PER10311

Eco-Oil (Botanical Oil) / Greenhouse & hydroponic capsicum, cucumber & lettuce / Greenhouse whitefly & silverleaf whitefly

7-Feb-08

30-Sep-13

PER10184

Products containing potassium salts of fatty acids @ 285 g/L / Glasshouse & hydroponically grown capsicums, lettuce & cucumbers / Glasshouse whitefly & silverleaf whitefly

20-Feb-08

28-Feb-13

PER10044

Permethrin / Potted culinary herbs or leafy vegetables / Quarantine usage

10-Jul-07

31-Mar-12

PER11951

Phosphorous acid / Brassica vegetables, leafy vegetables & processing peas / Downy mildew

1-Nov-10

31-Mar-12

PER9895

Thimet 100G / Leeks / Onion maggot & thrips

21-Jul-07

30-Jun-12

PER9904

Tribinul, Juggler 700, Tribunax 700 WP / Leeks / Broadleaf weeds

1-Aug-07

31-Jul-12

PER3850

Copper hydroxide / Leeks / Downy mildew, purple blotch

14-Sep-07

13-Sep-12

PER10088

Dithane Rainshield / Leeks & shallots / Purple blotch & downy mildew

30-Sep-07

1-Jan-12

PER8762

Maldison / Leeks, spring onions & shallots / Onion thrips

18-Apr-08

30-Sep-12

PER10914

Azoxystrobin / Radish, leek & carrot / Powdery mildew, downy mildew & white blister rust

9-Jun-09

31-May-14

PER10902

Dimethomorph / Leeks / Downy mildew

11-Oct-08

30-Sep-13

PER11453

Fluazifop / Shallots, spring onions, leeks, garlic, parsnips & sweet potato / Grass weeds

25-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER10679

Mancozeb/ Specified fruiting & legume vegetables / Downy mildew, anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) & alternaria

10-Jun-10

1-Jan-12

PER8623

Triadimenol / Lemon grass / Powdery mildew & rust

24-Dec-08

30-Sep-11

PER12386

Dacthal (chlorthal-dimethyl) / Lettuce / Stinging nettle

29-Jun-11

31-Aug-16

PER10276

Filan Fungicide (boscalid) / Brassicas & brassica leafy vegetables, lettuce & beans / Sclertonia rot

1-Feb-10

31-Jan-13

PER11952

Amistar 250SC (azoxystrobin) / Broccoli, brussells sprouts, cauliflower, lettuce & beans / Various fungal diseases

1-Apr-10

30-Sep-11

PER9859

BALAN (benfluralin) / Lettuce / Grass & broadleaf weed control

1-Apr-07

31-Mar-12

PER7935

Dimethomorph / Lettuce / Downy mildew

30-Jan-09

30-Sep-11

PER11651

Acramite Miticide / Lettuce / Two-spotted (red spider) mite

22-Jan-10

31-Dec-12

PER11855

Betanal Herbicide Spray (phenmedipham) / Lettuce, chicory, endive, radicchio, spinach, & silverbeet / Broadleaf weeds

28-Jun-11

30-Jun-14

PER7905

Phosphorous / Lettuce (leaf & hydroponic), fennel & bulb (Allium) vegetables / Downy mildew

4-Apr-06

30-Sep-12

PER11472

VectoBac WG Biological Larvicide / Various protected crops & mushrooms / Fungus gnats & sciarids

18-Jun-09

31-May-14

PER12172

Pestigas / Mushrooms / Mushroom flies

PER10675

Metolachlor / Spinach, silverbeet, spring onions, shallots, green beans, navy beans, celeriac & celery / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

1-Jul-10

30-Jun-15

14-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER11152

Natrasoap insecticidal soap spray / Olives / Lace bug

28-Oct-08

30-Sep-13

PER11360

Copper hydroxide / Olives / Fungal leaf spot & fruit rot

24-Mar-09

31-Dec-13

PER11783

Chlorpyrifos / Olives / Various insect pests

8-Dec-09

31-Mar-13

PER12228

Ethephon / Olives / Fruit loosening

1-Feb-11

30-Nov-13

PER12857

Fenthion / Olives / Various insect pests

12-Aug-11

31-Jul-12

PER11989

Tramat 500 SC Selective Herbicide / Spinach, silverbeet, onions / Various weeds

18-Aug-10

31-Jul-13

PER11450

Ethofumesate (Tramat) / Beetroot & onions / Grass weeds

8-Jun-09

30-Jun-15

PER11854

Cyprodinil & Fludioxonil / Onions / White rot, black mould, botrytis

25-Jan-11

30-Jun-13

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Permits (cont.) Permit ID

Description

Date issued

Expiry date

PER10730

Abamectin (Vertimec) / Chillies & paprika / Two-spoted mite

8-Aug-08

30-Sep-12 30-Sep-12

PER10747

Rovral Aquaflo Fungicide / Chillies & paprika / Sclerotinia rot

25-Nov-09

PER10800

Bayfidan 250 EC Fungicide / Chillies & paprika / Powdery mildew

2-Feb-10

30-Jun-13

PER11946

Clethodim / Peas, eggplant, chilli peppers, paprika, silverbeet & spinach / Grasses

16-Sep-10

30-Sep-12

11-May-11

30-Jun-21

PER12823

Trifluralin/ Chillies, paprika & eggplant/ Various broad leaf & grass weeds

PER11425

Metalaxyl / Dill & Parsley / Phythium & phytophthora

2-Apr-09

31-Oct-11

PER9779

Diazinon / Parsley & coriander / Onion maggot

7-May-07

31-Mar-12

PER10672

Chlorthal-dimethyl / Parsley / Various broadleaf weeds & grasses

14-Apr-08

30-Apr-13

PER10089

Chlorpyrifos / Parsley & potato / Vegetable weevil & black beetle

12-Feb-08

30-Sep-13

PER10758

Pendimethalin / Parsnip / Grasses & broadleaf Weeds

16-Jan-09

31-Jan-14

PER12002

Ecocarb Fungicide / Parsnip, radish, snow peas, sugar snap peas, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew

15-Jul-10

5-Sep-12

PER12052

Phosphorous (phosphonic) acid / Beetroot, carrot, parsnip & brassica leafy vegetables / Damping off & downy mildew

29-Jun-11

30-Jun-13

PER12354

Ridomil Gold 25G (metalaxyl-M) / Parsnips / Pythium Spp. & Phytophthora Spp.

29-Jun-11

30-Apr-14

PER11453

Fluazifop / Shallots, Spring onions, leeks, garlic, parsnips & sweet potato / Grass weeds

25-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER8813

Trifluralin / Parsnips / Wintergrass

10-Aug-07

9-Aug-12 30-Jun-12

PER11935

Triadimenol / Parsnips, radish, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew

5-Feb-10

PER10691

Diflufenican / Peas / Broadleaf weeds

28-Apr-08

30-Apr-13

PER11946

Clethodim / Peas, eggplant, chilli peppers, paprika, silverbeet & spinach / Grasses

16-Sep-10

30-Sep-12

PER10979

Bupirimate / Cucurbits & peppers / Powdery mildew

31-Mar-09

30-Sep-14

PER12378

Acephate / Ornamentals, tomatoes & peppers / Western flower thrips

25-Oct-10

31-Oct-15

PER8930

Phorate / Eggplant, peppers, shallots & spring onions / Aphids, jassids, mites, thrips & onion maggot

14-Aug-11

31-Jul-16

PER10265

Methidathion / Peppers, eggplant & tomatoes / Western flower thrips

18-Mar-08

30-Sep-12

PER11440

Sumiclex 500 (procymidone) / Peppers / Sclerotinia rot

1-Jun-09

31-Dec-11

PER9893

Methidathion / Peppers & eggplant / Rutherglen bug

8-May-08

31-May-13

PER10878

Trifluralin / Peppers (sweet & chilli) / Broadleaf & annual grass weeds

11-Aug-08

30-Sep-13

PER10089

Chlorpyrifos / Parsley & potato / Vegetable weevil & black beetle

12-Feb-08

30-Sep-13

PER10822

Sodium hypochlorite / Potatoes, various seeds & soil / Various insect & fungal pests

30-Jan-09

1-Feb-14

PER10283

Chlorpyrifos / Potato / Black beetle, wingless grasshopper, red-legged earth mite

9-Jun-09

30-Sep-14

PER12612

Alpha-cypermethrin / Potatoes / Garden weevil

29-Jun-11

30-Apr-16

PER10044

Permethrin / Potted culinary herbs or leafy vegetables / Quarantine usage

10-Jul-07

31-Mar-12

PER11951

Phosphorous acid / Brassica vegetables, leafy vegetables & processing peas / Downy mildew

1-Nov-10

31-Mar-12

PER10656

Pyrimethanil / Snow peas, sugar snap peas, protected tomatoes & protected capsicums / Botrytis

1-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER10934

Buprofezin / Tomatoes (protected) / Greenhouse whitefly

9-Jun-09

30-Sep-13 30-Jun-12

PER10656

Pyrimethanil / Snow peas, sugar snap peas, protected tomatoes & protected capsicums / Botrytis

1-Jun-09

PER8522

Chlorpyrifos / Pulse crops / Soil insects

9-Mar-06

9-Mar-16

PER12504

Permethrin / Cucurbits: rockmelons, watermelons, pumpkin, cucumbers, squash & zucchini / Cucumber moth larvae (Phakelura indica)

22-Jul-11

31-Dec-13

PER11352

Walabi Fungicide / Chicory, endive, radicchio, silverbeet & spinach / Botrytis & alternaria

25-Nov-09

30-Sep-14

PER11855

Betanal Herbicide Spray (phenmedipham) / Lettuce, chicory, endive, radicchio, spinach, & silverbeet / Broadleaf weeds

28-Jun-11

30-Jun-14

PER11849

Ridomil Gold MZ (mancozeb + metalaxyl-M) / Chicory, endive & radicchio / Anthracnose, downy mildew & septoria

30-Jun-11

31-Mar-13

PER12054

Propiconazole / Brassica leafy vegetables, chicory, endive, radiccio / Cercospora leaf spot, rust, Septoria leaf spot

22-Oct-10

31-Aug-14

PER10676

Pendimethalin / Spring onions, shallots & radish / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

16-Apr-08

30-Apr-13

10-Aug-09

31-Mar-15

PER11350

Mancozeb / Radish, swede & turnip / Alternaria, cercospora leaf spot, white blister

PER11935

Triadimenol / Parsnips, radish, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew

5-Feb-10

30-Jun-12

PER11949

Lambda-Cyhalothrin / Beetroot & radish / Various insects

1-Apr-10

31-Mar-15

PER10908

Tebuconazole / Beetroot, chicory, endive, radish, silverbeet & spinach / Sclerotonia rot

9-Jun-10

30-Jun-13

PER12002

Ecocarb Fungicide / Parsnip, radish, snow peas, sugar snap peas, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew

15-Jul-10

5-Sep-12

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Permits (cont.)

Permit ID

Description

Date issued

Expiry date

PER11441

Propachlor / Radish, swede, turnip / Grass & broadleaf weeds

27-May-09

31-Dec-19

PER10914

Azoxystrobin / Radish, leek & carrot / Powdery mildew, downy mildew & white blister rust

9-Jun-09

31-May-14

PER11475

Alpha-cypermethrin / Brassica leafy vegetables & radish / Redlegged earth mite, plague thrips & lepidoptera

11-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER12863

Chlorothalonil / Radish / White blister (Candida albugo)

PER10980

Propiconazole / Radishes / Cercospora

PER9325

Ambush Emulsifiable Concentrate Insecticide/ Rhubarb/ Green peach aphid, green looper, light brown apple moth & budworms

PER9922

Phos acid / Rhubarb / Downy mildew

3-Aug-07

1-Jul-12

PER11358

Clethodim / Rhubarb / Grass weeds listed on label

24-Jun-09

30-Jun-14

PER12384

Dual Gold Herbicide (S-metolachlor) / Rhubarb / Various weeds

18-Nov-10

31-Aug-15

PER10674

Mancozeb + Metalaxyl-M / Brassica vegetables, brassica leafy vegetables & rocket / Downy mildew & white blister

14-Apr-08

31-Mar-13

PER12504

Permethrin/ Cucurbits: rockmelons, watermelons, pumpkin, cucumbers, squash & zucchini/ Cucumber moth larvae (Phakelura indica)

22-Jul-11

31-Dec-13

9-Jun-11

30-Jun-16

26-May-09

31-Mar-12

5-Apr-07

31-Mar-12

PER11644

Permethrin / Culinary herbs & root crops / Lepidopteran pests

30-Nov-09

30-Sep-11

PER11170

Fluazifop / Rosemary & garlic chives / Grass weeds

1-Jan-09

30-Sep-14

PER11775

Movento / Seed sunflower, seed sorghum, seed corn, seed sweet corn / Green peach aphid, cotton aphid, western flower thrip

19-Jan-10

31-Dec-11

PER8762

Maldison / Leeks, spring onions & shallots / Onion thrips

18-Apr-08

30-Sep-12

PER6914

Lannate L (methomyl) / Spring onions & shallots / Western flower thrips

23-May-08

31-Mar-13

1-Jul-08

30-Jun-13

PER10882

Diazinon / Spring onions & shallots/ Thrips (excluding WFT) & onion seedling maggot

PER10596

Success (spinosad) / Spring onions & shallots / Western flower thrip

23-Apr-09

31-Oct-11

PER10675

Metolachlor / Spinach, silverbeet, spring onions, shallots, green beans, navy beans, celeriac & celery / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

14-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER11937

Dimethomorph & Mancozeb / Spring onions & shallots / Downy mildew, purple blotch & botrytis rots

10-Jun-10

1-Jan-12

PER10676

Pendimethalin / Spring onions, shallots & radish / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

16-Apr-08

30-Apr-13

PER10868

Ioxynil / Spring onions, shallots & Welsh onions / Broad leaf & grass weeds

1-Jun-09

31-Mar-13

PER8930

Phorate / Eggplant, peppers, shallots & spring onions / Aphids, jassids, mites, thrips & onion maggot

14-Aug-11

31-Jul-16

PER9921

Tribunil Herbicide / Spring onions & shallots / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

16-Jul-07

15-Jul-12

PER10088

Dithane Rainshield / Leeks & shallots / Purple blotch & downy mildew

30-Sep-07

1-Jan-12

PER10824

Copper Oxychloride, Cuprous Oxide or Cupric Hydroxide / Spring onions & shallots / Downy mildew

27-Sep-09

30-Sep-14

PER11453

Fluazifop / Shallots, spring onions, leeks, garlic, parsnips & sweet potato / Grass weeds

25-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER12364

BASF Pyramin WG Selective Herbicide / Fodder beet, red beet, silver beet / Various weeds & grasses

30-Sep-10

30-Sep-12

PER10675

Metolachlor / Spinach, silverbeet, spring onions, shallots, green beans, navy beans, celeriac & celery / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

14-Jun-09

30-Jun-12 30-Sep-14

PER11352

Walabi Fungicide / Chicory, endive, radicchio, silverbeet & spinach / Botrytis & alternaria

25-Nov-09

PER11356

Flint 500 WG (trifloxystrobin) / Silverbeet, spinach, chicory & endive / Powdery mildew

27-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER11572

Chlorothalonil / Spinach & silverbeet / Downy mildew, alternaria leaf blight & grey mould

23-Feb-10

31-Mar-13

PER11989

Tramat 500 SC Selective Herbicide / Spinach, silverbeet, onions / Various weeds

18-Aug-10

31-Jul-13

PER11855

Betanal Herbicide Spray (phenmedipham) / Lettuce, chicory, endive, radicchio, spinach, & silverbeet / Broadleaf weeds

28-Jun-11

30-Jun-14

29-Jun-11

31-Mar-16

PER11991

Legend Fungicide (quinoxyfen) / Silverbeet / Powdery mildew

PER12862

Zineb / Eggplant, spinach & silverbeet/ Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.)

PER10727

Ridomil Gold MZ WG / Celery, silverbeet & spinach / Late blight, septoria leaf blight & downy mildew

4-Jul-11

31-Jul-14

31-Mar-09

30-Sep-12

PER10908

Tebuconazole / Beetroot, chicory, endive, radish, silverbeet & spinach / Sclerotonia rot

9-Jun-10

30-Jun-13

PER11946

Clethodim / Peas, eggplant, chilli peppers, paprika, silverbeet & spinach / Grasses

16-Sep-10

30-Sep-12

PER9355

Alpha-cypermethrin / Silverbeet & spinach / Thrips, vegetable weevil & redlegged earth mite

23-Feb-07

31-Mar-12

PER10905

Dimethomorph / Silverbeet / Downy mildew

10-Dec-08

30-Sep-11

PER10748

Tilt 250 EC Systemic Fungicide & all other 250g/L formulations of propiconazole / Silverbeet / Various fungi

12-Aug-10

30-Jun-12

PER8931

Propachlor / Silverbeet & spinach / Broadleaf & grass weeds

21-Apr-11

31-Mar-15

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Permits (cont.) Permit ID

Description

PER12002

Ecocarb Fungicide / Parsnip, radish, snow peas, sugar snap peas, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew

Date issued

Expiry date

15-Jul-10

5-Sep-12

PER9485

Acrobat / Snow peas / Downy mildew

5-Apr-07

30-Apr-12

PER10656

Pyrimethanil / Snow peas, Sugar snap peas, protected tomatoes & protected capsicums / Botrytis

1-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER7419

Lambda-cyhalothrin / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Pasture webworm, cutworm, rutherglen bug & thrips

11-Aug-08

31-May-13

PER10976

Bentazone / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Broadleaf weeds

10-Aug-09

31-Mar-15

PER10988

Bladex 900 WG (cyanazine) / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Broadleaf weeds

10-Aug-09

31-Mar-15 31-Dec-12

PER11765

Etoxazole / Snow or sugar snap peas / Two-spotted mite

6-Jan-10

PER12571

Acramite 480 SC / Snow peas & sugar snap peas (field & greenhouse) / Mites

1-Apr-11

31-Jan-13

PER12822

Chess Insecticide/ Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Aphids

11-May-11

30-Jun-13

PER10679

Mancozeb/ Specified fruiting & legume vegetables / Downy mildew, anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) & alternaria

10-Jun-10

1-Jan-12

PER11526

Chlorothalonil / Specified herbs / Fungal diseases

12-Feb-10

30-Sep-14 30-Jun-19

PER11438

Glyphosate (shielded sprayer) / Specified vegetables / Grass & broadleaf weeds

5-May-09

PER11130

Linuron / Various culinary herbs & spices / Weeds

18-Jun-09

30-Jul-13

PER10727

Ridomil Gold MZ WG / Celery, silverbeet & spinach / Late blight, septoria leaf blight & downy mildew

31-Mar-09

30-Sep-12

PER11352

Walabi Fungicide / Chicory, endive, radicchio, silverbeet & spinach / Botrytis & alternaria

25-Nov-09

30-Sep-14

PER11356

Flint 500 WG (trifloxystrobin) / Silverbeet, spinach, chicory & endive / Powdery mildew

27-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER10908

Tebuconazole / Beetroot, chicory, endive, radish, silverbeet & spinach / Sclerotonia rot

9-Jun-10

30-Jun-13

PER11946

Clethodim / Peas, eggplant, chilli peppers, paprika, silverbeet & spinach / Grasses

16-Sep-10

30-Sep-12

PER8931

Propachlor / Silverbeet & spinach / Broadleaf & grass weeds

21-Apr-11

31-Mar-15

PER11855

Betanal Herbicide Spray (phenmedipham) / Lettuce, chicory, endive, radicchio, spinach, & silverbeet / Broadleaf weeds

28-Jun-11

30-Jun-14

PER12862

Zineb / Eggplant, spinach & silverbeet / Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.)

4-Jul-11

31-Jul-14

PER9355

Alpha-cypermethrin / Silverbeet & spinach / Thrips, vegetable weevil & redlegged earth mite

23-Feb-07

31-Mar-12

PER10906

Acrobat Fungicide / Spinach / Downy mildew

10-Dec-08

30-Sep-11

PER10675

Metolachlor / Spinach, silverbeet, spring onions, shallots, green beans, navy beans, celeriac & celery / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

14-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER11989

Tramat 500 SC Selective Herbicide / Spinach, silverbeet, onions / Various weeds

18-Aug-10

31-Jul-13

PER11572

Chlorothalonil / Spinach & silverbeet / Downy mildew, alternaria leaf blight & grey mould

23-Feb-10

31-Mar-13

PER10675

Metolachlor / Spinach, silverbeet, spring onions, shallots, green beans, navy beans, celeriac & celery / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

14-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER11453

Fluazifop / Shallots, spring onions, leeks, garlic, parsnips & sweet potato / Grass weeds

25-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER8930

Phorate / Eggplant, peppers, shallots & spring onions / Aphids, jassids, mites, thrips & onion maggot

14-Aug-11

31-Jul-16

PER8762

Maldison / Leeks, spring onions & shallots / Onion thrips

18-Apr-08

30-Sep-12

PER9921

Tribunil Herbicide / Spring onions & shallots / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

16-Jul-07

15-Jul-12

PER10676

Pendimethalin / Spring onions, shallots & radish / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

16-Apr-08

30-Apr-13

PER10868

Ioxynil / Spring onions, shallots & Welsh onions / Broad leaf & grass weeds

1-Jun-09

31-Mar-13

PER10824

Copper Oxychloride, Cuprous Oxide or Cupric Hydroxide / Spring onions & shallots / Downy mildew

27-Sep-09

30-Sep-14

PER11763

Pirimicarb / Spring onions / Aphids

6-Jan-10

31-Dec-12

23-May-08

31-Mar-13

1-Jul-08

30-Jun-13 31-Oct-11

PER6914

Lannate L (methomyl) / Spring onions & shallots / Western flower thrips

PER10882

Diazinon / Spring onions & shallots / Thrips (excluding WFT) & onion seedling maggot

PER10596

Success (spinosad) / Spring onions & shallots / Western flower thrip

23-Apr-09

PER11937

Dimethomorph & Mancozeb / Spring onions & shallots / Downy mildew, purple blotch & botrytis rots

10-Jun-10

1-Jan-12

PER10279

Abamectin / Cucumber, zucchini & squash / Two-spotted mite

22-Feb-08

30-Sep-13

PER12504

Permethrin / Cucurbits: rockmelons, watermelons, pumpkin, cucumbers, squash & zucchini / Cucumber moth larvae (Phakelura indica)

22-Jul-11

31-Dec-13

PER7419

Lambda-cyhalothrin / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Pasture webworm, cutworm, rutherglen bug & thrips

11-Aug-08

31-May-13

PER10656

Pyrimethanil / Snow peas, sugar snap peas, protected tomatoes & protected capsicums / Botrytis

1-Jun-09

30-Jun-12

PER10976

Bentazone / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Broadleaf weeds

10-Aug-09

31-Mar-15

WA Grower September 2011

Your Production

Permits (cont.)

Permit ID

Description

PER10988

Bladex 900 WG (cyanazine) / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Broadleaf weeds

Date issued

Expiry date

10-Aug-09

31-Mar-15 31-Dec-12

PER11765

Etoxazole / Snow or sugar snap peas / Two-spotted mite

6-Jan-10

PER12002

Ecocarb Fungicide / Parsnip, radish, snow peas, sugar snap peas, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew

15-Jul-10

5-Sep-12

PER12822

Chess Insecticide / Snow peas & sugar snap peas/ Aphids

11-May-11

30-Jun-13

PER12571

Acramite 480 SC / Snow peas & sugar snap peas (field & greenhouse) / Mites

1-Apr-11

31-Jan-13

PER11441

Propachlor / Radish, swede, turnip / Grass & broadleaf weeds

27-May-09

31-Dec-19

PER11350

Mancozeb / Radish, swede & turnip / Alternaria, cercospora leaf spot, white blister

10-Aug-09

31-Mar-15 30-Jun-12

PER11935

Triadimenol / Parsnips, radish, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew

5-Feb-10

PER12002

Ecocarb Fungicide / Parsnip, radish, snow peas, sugar snap peas, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew

15-Jul-10

5-Sep-12

PER10427

Fipronil (Regent 200 SC) / Swede & turnip / Diamondback moth

24-Jan-08

30-Sep-11

PER10433

Pirmicarb / Sweet corn / Aphids

12-May-09

31-Mar-12

PER11355

Abamectin / Sweet corn

19-Jan-10

30-Sep-12

PER5851

Chlorpyrifos / Sweet potato / Sweet potato weevil, bean spider mite, wireworm

12-Feb-07

12-Feb-12

PER11453

Fluazifop / Shallots, spring onions, leeks, garlic, parsnips & sweet potato / Grass weeds

25-Nov-09

31-Oct-12

PER9063

Regent 200 SC / Sweet potato / White fringed weevil & wireworm

21-Mar-06

1-Dec-11

PER10273

Bifenthrin / Sweet potato / Sweet potato weevil & bean spider mite

22-Feb-08

30-Sep-13

PER11439

Pirimicarb / Sweet potato, brassica leafy vegetables, chicory & coriander / Aphids

19-Oct-09

30-Sep-11

PER12047

Tecto Flowable SC Fungicide (thiabendazole) / Sweet potato / Field rots caused by scurf & root rot

29-Jun-11

30-Sep-16

PER10460

Phorate (Thimet 100G) / Sweet potatoes / Aphids, thrips, jassids & organophosphate susceptible twospotted mite & wireworm

2-Jan-08

1-Jan-13

PER9722

Talstar (bifenthrin) / Sweet potato / Wireworm

PER10764

Pyriproxyfen / Cucurbits, eggplant & tomato / Silverleaf whitefly

31-Mar-09

30-Sep-13

1-Jul-08

30-Sep-12

PER10265

Methidathion / Peppers, eggplant & tomatoes / Western flower thrips

18-Mar-08

30-Sep-12

PER12572

Acramite Miticide / Cucumbers, capsicums & tomatoes / Two-spotted mite

17-Nov-10

30-Sep-11

PER12514

Sencor 480 SC (metribuzin) / Tomatoes / Weed control

11-Jan-11

31-Dec-15

PER12378

Acephate / Ornamentals, tomatoes & peppers / Western flower thrips

25-Oct-10

31-Oct-15

PER11441

Propachlor / Radish, swede, turnip / Grass & broadleaf weeds

27-May-09

31-Dec-19

PER11350

Mancozeb / Radish, swede & turnip / Alternaria, cercospora leaf spot, white blister

10-Aug-09

31-Mar-15 30-Jun-12

PER11935

Triadimenol / Parsnips, radish, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew

5-Feb-10

PER12002

Ecocarb Fungicide / Parsnip, radish, snow peas, sugar snap peas, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew

15-Jul-10

5-Sep-12

PER10427

Fipronil (Regent 200 SC) / Swede & turnip / Diamondback moth

24-Jan-08

30-Sep-11

PER11950

Chlorothalonil / Various crops / Various fungicides

1-Apr-10

31-Mar-13

PER11130

Linuron / Various culinary herbs & spices / Weeds

18-Jun-09

30-Jul-13

PER9778

Ecocarb Fungicide / Various greenhouse-grown vegetables / Powdery mildew

6-Sep-07

5-Sep-12

PER11472

VectoBac WG Biological Larvicide / Various protected crops & mushrooms / Fungus gnats & sciarids

18-Jun-09

31-May-14

PER12385

Products containing Copper / Various vegetable crops / Various diseases

4-Feb-11

31-Mar-13

PER12589

Chlorpyrifos / Various vegetables / African black beetle & wireworms

7-Feb-11

30-Jun-12

PER12753

Naturalure Fruit Fly Bait Concentrate / Ornamentals, amenity trees, fruit & nut trees, vines & vegetables / Mediterranean fruit fly & Queensland fruit fly

18-Mar-11

31-Mar-14

PER12504

Permethrin / Cucurbits: rockmelons, watermelons, pumpkin, cucumbers, squash & zucchini / Cucumber moth larvae (Phakelura indica)

22-Jul-11

31-Dec-13

PER10868

Ioxynil / Spring onions, shallots & Welsh onions / Broad leaf & grass weeds

1-Jun-09

31-Mar-13

PER12504

Permethrin / Cucurbits: rockmelons, watermelons, pumpkin, cucumbers, squash & zucchini / Cucumber moth larvae (Phakelura indica)

22-Jul-11

31-Dec-13

PER10279

Abamectin / Cucumber, zucchini & squash / Two-spotted mite

22-Feb-08

30-Sep-13

WA Grower September 2011

WA Grower ADVERTISING SPECIFICATIONS

FULL PAGE Full page with bleed

210mm wide x 297mm high plus 5mm bleed — 220mm wide x 307mm high

Preferred format: press ready PDF Must be saved as: • 300dpi • CMYK • Fonts embedded

Please note that the WA Grower banner will run across the top of all full page adverts.

HALF PAGE Half page without bleed 190mm wide x 130mm high

ONE THIRD PAGE One third page without bleed 60mm wide x 254mm high

vegetablesWA Horticultural House 103 Outram Street, West Perth 6005

t: (08) 9481 0834 f: (08) 9481 0024 e: finance@vegetableswa.com.au

!"#$%&' !"#$%&' !"#$

!"#$%& !"#$%&&'(')"#"%*'+ !"!"!"!" !" !"#$%&&'('")#*+,-'.

Bejo, a name that stands for quality

For the Premium Market Cabbage

Cauliflower

Carrot

• Capture

• Pamplona

• Deep

Purple F1

• Naval

F1 NEW

• Ducati

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Bejo Seeds Pty Ltd

• Tarifa

WA Representative Tim Aldridge Tel: 0458 685 858

F1 NEW