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Crooswijk is now nationally (in)famous for being the ‘poorest zip-code of the Netherlands in 2016’ after a publication from the SCP (The Netherlands Institute for Social Research). The image of the neighbourhood and its social index values has declined sharply in the last couple of years. Figures show that it is expected to decline further. The number of unemployed persons has been increasing, while more and more residents live on welfare. The level of education is below the city’s average with a high percentage of school dropouts. But the neighbourhood is popular for affordable rents. Majority of the buildings were built as Post-War housing, with a few Pre-War buildings. While the primary culture of the neighbourhood is a derivation of its original identity as a working-class neighbourhood, the demographic has been changing; 58% of the population has an immigrant background. Nieuw (New) Crooswijk is one of the latest examples of urban renewal in Rotterdam.
48
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Crooswijk is a neighbourhood located in the east of the city centre. This neighbourhood is a part of the original city of Rotterdam, contrary to other neighbourhoods which were previously independent villages and acquired into the city limits later on in Rotterdam’s timeline. The neighbourhood consists of two areas: Oud Crooswijk to the south and Nieuw Crooswijk to the north. Oud (Old) Crooswijk was the city’s first working class neighbourhood, which housed the Heineken brewery and the Jamin confectionary factory. It also housed a slaughterhouse and two cemeteries. In 2005, the district has been subject to intensive restructuring with a plan to demolish nearly 85% of Nieuw Crooswijk. But with the intervention of economic crisis plans have restricted the numbers to around half the initial proposed numbers.
The municipality and various planning agencies speculate that the unilateral nature of the housing stock which consists of small and cheap rental housing has led to the creation of a one-sided population of a largely disadvantaged people. They postulate that the diversification of the housing stock would regenerate the neighbourhood, improve the quality of life for the existing residents and create new public spaces. To achieve this diversification, small
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