My Junior Preparation Guide by VelourPistol

TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD DEDICATION ACKNOLWEDGEMENT GRAMMAR • Tenses • Sentences • The Comma • The Capital Letter • Subject and Verb Agreement • Countable and Non-‐Countable Nouns • Prepositions • Adjectives and Adverbs • End Punctuation • Internal Punctuation COMPREHENSION AND ADDITIONAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORT ENGLISH AND COMPREHENSION ANSWERS BASIC MATHEMATICS Signs and Functions • Place Value • Words and Numbers • Even and Odd Numbers • Prime and Composite Numbers • Percentages • Decimals` • Time Clock • Average FRACTIONS • Understanding Fractions • Fraction Types • Adding Fractions • Subtracting Fractions • Multiplying Fractions • Dividing Fractions GEOMETRY • Shapes • Angles • Perimeter and Circumference • Area • Volume MATHEMATICS ANSWERS REVIEW TESTS ANSWERS

DEDICATION To this yet unborn child who will call me Grandad, I produce this effort to give you support along your educational path. You have already been an inspiration to me! To my mom who gave me more than any mother should be expected to give, especially when you had so little. I give my eternal thanks and appreciation for your love and support over the years! To you young students who believe that your technology games are more important than Grammar and Maths, I hope the friendliness of this text will help you to rethink your views.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish, in these simple words, to acknowledge the life and work of our dearly departed former Prime Minister, The Hon. David Thompson. To me, he was a true champion whose light dimmed just too soon! I am honoured to have known you! A CRY FOR DAVID Time, why did you speak? Love though strong fell to its feet! You reached wide and touched all, But so suddenly you had to fall. Now, with a weighted heart we sinkingly cry David, David, Why? Oh David, David, why? Like the creeping magic of the morning sun And the orange glow on the evening ocean, Oh so temporary lives the morning dew! So short was the time we had with you! No time for the burning wish to offer, Not even enough to pass the gift of laughter. David, David, Why? Oh David, David, why? As the sea lashes from Nassau to Berbice Thoughts of you bring such lasting peace. Our hands reach out to build this firm bond, We’ll not panic, as we stand as one. We’ll work together for love of our country ; For you, this must be the lasting memory. David, David, Why? Oh David, David, why? I saw the youth, their innocence spoke your truth; I saw the old, they allowed your love to unfold; The years were few, but what a fresh wind they blew; Even those that were foe, much goodness came to know. You felt the hurt of those who struggled in dirt; You cushioned the fall to see the rise of us all. David, David Why? Oh David, David, why? As a nation, you we claim for all As a parish, you answered our every call As a family, you were the rock on which we stood At every call, for us you did all that you could Now here we stand in this empty land Since you were moved by God’s knowing hand; And as you smile, knowing how He is Our love for you, be assured it lives! But David, David, Why? Oh David, David, why?

GRAMMAR TENSES In life, things happen, are done and are said. On every occasion, they are reported or told in different ways, but always in terms of time. The different times are known in grammar as tenses. Sometimes we talk about things that happened some time ago (maybe a minute, a day, a week, a month, a year or even longer ago). This time or tense is known as the PAST TENSE. In writing this tense, the letters –d or –ed are usually added to the verb. We may also use “was or were” as the verb. EXAMPLE: 1. The boys played cricket yesterday. 2. The poem was written two hundred years ago. 3. My mother baked a lovely cake last Christmas. At other times we speak about what is happening at that moment or what we can see, feel, hear, smell or other such things. This time is also known as the PRESENT TENSE. In writing this tense, the verb is usually rewritten in its pure form, but we can sometimes add “is, am, or are” before the verb and add – ing to the end of the verb. EXAMPLE: 1. I love to watch the sun set. 2. The girls are reading the newspaper. 3. Today is Wednesday. There are times when we think and talk about things that we would like to see happen or expect to happen sometime later. This time that we look forward to is called the FUTURE TENSE. In writing this tense, the words will or shall must always be used. EXAMPLE: 1. I will finish my homework on time. 2. I shall not forget this day. 3. Our family will spend a vacation in New York.

EXERCISE 1. Fill in the blank spaces to complete the passage. There are some people who spend all of their time remembering what they did when they were a little younger than what they are now. These people are always thinking in the __________________ tense. There are other people who can only think of what they see in front of them or what they sense at that moment in time. These people are always thinking in the ______________________ tense. There are some other people who love to dream and think only of what tomorrow or next year or many years later has to offer them. These people are always thinking in the ___________________ tense. 2. Write the tense that correctly identifies that found in the sentence. a) We love to play sports and sing good songs. b) There were many lovely fruits at the show. c) None of the children entered the competition. d) Each of us will receive the prize we deserve. e) My father prepared my lunch this morning. 3. Rewrite the following sentences in the PAST TENSE.

________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

a) I live in the best parish in the country. _________________________________________ b) The gardener will plant this tree._____________________________________________ c) Our friends are doing good work._____________________________________________ d) None of us is hungry._______________________________________________________ e) She always dances well.____________________________________________________

SENTENCES Sentences are the most common way of expressing ourselves in speaking and in writing. Every sentence is made up of a subject and a predicate. The SUBJECT is the doer of the action and is always a NOUN or a PRONOUN. EXAMPLE: a) b) c) d)

The boy rode the bicycle. Most teachers show great love. One can never be sure. We always stand for the anthem.

(The boy does the action and is the subject) (Most teachers do the action and is the subject) (One does the action and is the subject) (We does the action and is the subject)

The PREDICATE is the action and must include a VERB. EXAMPLE: a) The boy rode the bicycle. (rode the bicycle is the action and the predicate) b) Most teachers show great love. (show great love is the action and the predicate) c) We always stand for the anthem. (always stand for the anthem is the action and the predicate) The sentence must always begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark (these are the three forms of end punctuation) EXAMPLE: a) Are the boys going to the cinema? b) Children, please stop that at once! c) I question everything that I do not understand. The SENTENCE that must have a subject and a verb should never be confused with the PHRASE that has only one of the two parts and does not need to begin with a capital letter or end with the noted forms of punctuation. The phrase usually makes little or no sense. EXAMPLE: a) The play will soon begin. (Sentence). will begin soon (Phrase) b) Today is my birthday. (Sentence). today my birthday (Phrase)

EXERCISE A.

Select the subject of each of the following sentences and write it down on the space provided.

1. 2. 3. 4.

The horses ran a very good race today. ____________________________ Boys never like being told to stay indoors. ____________________________ This table and that chair belong in our class. ____________________________ Are you going home this afternoon? ____________________________ 5. The girls from the team performed well. ____________________________ B.

Underline the verb of each of the following sentences. In some sentences, there may be more than one verb.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Most of the people from the village work in the sugar cane fields. No one who made the dance team is here today. The organist performed quite well at the show. Why were you late for school today? 5. Please remember the time of your appointment!

C. Rewrite the following word groups, provide the correct punctuation and say which is a SENTENCE and which is a PHRASE.

1. everyone and no one at the same time ____________________________________________________ 2. the many lovely and decent students of the school ____________________________________________________ 3. there were many of us at the school fair. ____________________________________________________ 4. children from the church and those from the school together ____________________________________________________ 5. some of the winds blew in a circular fashion ____________________________________________________

____________

THE COMMA There are FOUR (4) main uses of the comma in grammar. The comma is used to separate: •

Items given in a list. Ex:

We bought apples, oranges, bananas and mangoes.

•

Words or word groups such as phrases and sentences. Ex:

The meal was tasty, very attractive and nutritious.

The girls play netball, but the boys prefer cricket.

• The subject of address (the person to whom one is speaking) from what is said to him/her. Ex:

Sir, may I have permission to leave the class?

Today we will do Mathematics, class.

• Direct speech from indirect speech within a sentence. Ex:

My mother said, “I will collect your friends this afternoon.”

“Yesterday,” said the teacher, “your behaviour was very good.”

(If the quotation is broken, the comma must be used before and after the break)

EXERCISE 1. Rewrite the following sentences and place a comma or commas in the correct place. a) Sir will we be attending the show at the Olympus? ________________________________________________________________________ b) We were all invited but only three of us were able to go to the game. ________________________________________________________________________ c) I was there began the student but I did not see the fight. ________________________________________________________________________ d) Many of the children came and the fair was a very good success. ________________________________________________________________________ e) I have my pencil notepad eraser and dictionary in preparation for the test. ________________________________________________________________________

2. Write five sentences of your own in which you correctly use at least one comma. a) ________________________________________________________________________ b) ________________________________________________________________________ c) ________________________________________________________________________ d) ________________________________________________________________________ e) ________________________________________________________________________

THE CAPITAL LETTER The Capital Letter has FIVE (5) main uses: The Capital Letter is used to: •

To begin all complete sentences Ex:

Swimming is my favourite hobby.

•

To begin all proper nouns (specific names and titles) Ex:

I always try to run faster than Joshua.

b) My father told me about the movie To Sir With Love. • To begin all names that represent God or Jesus

Ex:

There is no one more special than the Lord.

I was told to always go to the Father in prayer.

•

To begin all pronouns that refer to God or Jesus. Ex: God always shows love to His children. To write the letter “I” when it stands on its own. Ex: They came to see me, but I was not at home.

EXERCISE 1. Here is a short passage from which ten (10) capital letters are missing. Rewrite the passage and placing the capital letters in the correct places. there was a fire at the church in the north of the island. it burned for more than an hour and resulted in the house of the lord being totally destroyed. the pastor, whose name was father jones could only nod his head and prayer while my friends and i tried everything to keep ourselves away from the heat. our parents were sure that our almighty knew that his house would be replaced with something much better. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

2. Write a short passage of your own in which you use ten (10) capital letters. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT Every sentence must carry a subject and a verb. These must always agree with each other. The subject and the verb must agree in a) Number (Singular and Plural)  A singular subject (one) must carry a singular verb.  A plural subject (more than one) must carry a plural verb.

b) Person  The Speaker (I and We)  The One Spoken to (You)  The One Spoken about (He, She, It, They) c) A verb in the third person singular (the one spoken about) must carry an “s” at the end. Ex: The girl loves to read a good book. He drives much too quickly.

EXERCISE

1. Fill in the blank space in each of the following sentences with the correct verb from brackets. a) Why ____________ (is/are) you not doing your work at this time? b) Our leader always ____________ (try/tries) to protect our country. c) The girl and the boy ___________ (was/were) playing in the park. d) ______________ (Do/Does) he know the difference between sea and see? e) Her friend ________________ (has/have) never done her a wrong.

2. Read the following sentences. Identify which has the correct subject and verb agreement and which does not by writing CORRECT or INCORRECT in the space provided. a) The new ball bowler (seem/seems) to be performing quite well. __________________________ b) The orchard of trees (is/are) filled with exotic plants. c) One of my friends (visit/visits) his old school every week.

__________________________

d) There (is/are) a number of young people on the block. e) Now (come/comes) the band from the visiting school.

__________________________

3. Use the following words to write your sentences with correct agreement. “leaves, have,

was, run”

a) ________________________________________________________________________ b) ________________________________________________________________________ c) ________________________________________________________________________

d) ________________________________________________________________________

COUNTABLE AND NON-‐COUNTABLE NOUNS All nouns are either countable or non-‐countable. Countable nouns are those that can be placed in two different numbers: • Singular • Plural Ex: bus buses chair chairs Non-‐countable nouns are those that cannot be divided into the different numbers. These nouns represent a volume of a collection. Ex: traffic, furniture, water In grammar, it is sometimes necessary to describe these words. Countable and non-‐countable words carry different descriptive words that cannot be interchanged: Ex: amount number much many less fewer There are two simple rules to follow when describing countable and non-‐countable words.

• •

The words “number, many and fewer” can only be used to describe countable nouns. The words “amount, much and less” can only be used to describe non-‐countable nouns.

EXERCISE 1. Fill in the blank spaces with the correct word from the brackets. a) Some shoppers by __________________ (many/much) different types of vegetables. b) We have never had to compete with so _______________ (many/much) animals before. c) The children worked hard to raise the required ________________ (amount/number) of money for the tour. d) The organizers were forced to take _______________ (less/fewer) players than they had originally planned. e) My mother rewarded my efforts by giving me _______________(less/fewer) chores. f) The young farmer had an unusual _______________ (amount/number) of sheep. g) No one was able to guess how _______________(many/much) water was in the pool. h) ___________________ (Less/Fewer) sponsors responded than one had expected.

2. State whether or not the descriptive word is used correctly or incorrectly by writing CORRECT or INCORRECT in the space provided.

a) All children enter the world with much talents. b) No one has as many successes as my hero. c) Why did you not collect a greater amount of dollars? d) We have seen less talent in her than in her sister. e) Her family has less talented performers than my family. f) We struggled to the airport with a greater number of luggage. g) There is fewer grass on the pitch these days. h) I hate the amount of people packed into the bus.

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

PREPOSITIONS Prepositions are parts of speech that show the link or relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. Ex:

•

I walked through the rain.

•

(The preposition, “through” shows the relationship between “walked” and the noun “rain”). They drove behind me for more than three miles.

(The preposition “behind” shows the relationship between “drove” and the pronoun “me”). •

Let us share the fruits among us. (The preposition “among” shows the relationship between “share” and the pronoun “us).

Sometimes, prepositions are often confused with adverbs. There are three rules to follow if this is to be avoided.

•

Adverbs are words that describe or explain verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.

Ex:

The frightened student slowly entered the room. (The word “slowly” tells how the action (verb) is done and is therefore an adverb. Adverbs always show the relationship between a noun and another word in the sentence. The frightened student walked into the room. (The word “into” says how the noun (room) relates to the action walked and is therefore a preposition) • Whenever the questions “Who” or “What” are asked AFTER the word in question and the answer is a noun or a pronoun, that word is an preposition. •

EXERCISE 1. Draw five pictures showing a relationship between a noun and another object in the picture. Write a sentence after each picture, using a preposition to show the relationship.

a) ______________________________________________________________________________ b) ______________________________________________________________________________ c) ______________________________________________________________________________ d) ______________________________________________________________________________ e) ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. In each of the following sentences, say whether the underlined word is an adverb or a preposition. a) Will you sit beside me at the show? b) He hardly spoke to us. c) We turned and drove up the hill. d) Most of the children crawled under the bridge. e) The ball sailed over the bars and landed in the stands. f) After they had finished, they closed the books.

________________________

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Adjectives and adverbs are parts of speech that are also known as modifiers or describing words. • Ex:

Adjectives always modify or describe nouns or pronouns.

o The boy has a new toy. (The adjective “new” is describing the noun “toy”). o I had the sweetest one. (The adjective “sweetest” is describing the pronoun one”).

•

Adverbs always modify or describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.

Ex: o The girl shouts loudly. (The adverb “loudly” is modifying the verb “shouted”) o I have a very good friend. (The adverb “very” is modifying the adjective “good”). o He almost never smiles. (The adverb “almost” is modifying the adverb “never”).

It is sometimes necessary to make some descriptions stronger than others. This is done by what is called comparison. There are three forms of description: •

•

The basic adjective or adverb form is known as the positive. o Adjective (big, strong, beautiful) o Adverb (smartly, happily, friendly) The second level of comparison is known as the comparative. This is formed by adding “–er” or “more” to the positive when comparing two objects. o Adjective (bigger, stronger, more beautiful) o Adverb (more smartly, more happily, more friendly) The third level of comparison is known as the superlative. This is formed by adding “-‐est” or “most” to the positive when comparing three or more objects. o Adjective (biggest, strongest, most beautiful) o Adverb (most smartly, most happily, most friendly)

EXERCISE 1. Read the following sentences and say whether the underlined word is an ADVERB or an ADJECTIVE. a) Our Minister seldom write long letters. b) The lonely boy sad down and cried. c) Are you sure that is going there? d) Our Principal thought that we would always win. e) Someone has bought the ugly duckling.

______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

2. Rewrite the following sentences and fill in the blank spaces with the correct word from the brackets. a) My shoes were ____________________ (smaller/smallest) than all of the others. b) The street is the ___________________ (darker/darkest) street in the city. c) You sister sings ____________________ (more sweetly/most sweetly) than you do. d) He was the _______________________ (weaker/weakest) of the two players. e) The cathedral’s bell is the _____________________ (more brightly/most brightly) shining place in the city.

3. Complete the following sentences by using the correct form of the underlined words. a) My school is the good ______________________ school in the country. b) The ball bounced high _______________________ than the batsman expected. c) My friend’s parents are the nice ______________________ people I have ever met. d) He reacted angrily _____________________________ than we had expected. e) The heavy rainfall left the field green ____________________________ than before.

END PUNCTUATION All complete sentences must end with a punctuation mark. There are three (3) forms of end punctuation. These are the: • • •

Full stop Question mark Exclamation mark

The full stop is used at the end of a complete sentence. Ex:

My name is the first to be found in the register. They often question my reasons for smiling so much. I am watching television in my living room.

The question mark is used at the end of direct question Ex: Why did you ring the bell at this time? How old are you today? Did you complete all of your homework? The exclamation mark is used at the end of an expression of sudden emotion or a command.

Ex:

Please stay where you are! Do not hurt me! Oh no!

EXERCISE 1. Each of the following sentences is missing an END PUNCTUATION MARK (full stop, question mark, exclamation mark). Fill it in. a) Are you going to the game this afternoon b) This is not your shoe, is it c) My friends asked me if we had seen the who was visiting from New York d) Does the tree blossom at this time of the year e) Here is my mom coming down the street f) Do not open that can g) The forest is losing its appeal to me h) May I speak with you next week i) Stop what you are doing at once j) Help me please

2. Here are five scenarios. Write a sentence that could be the words used by the speaker in each and put in the correct end punctuation mark. a) a coach advising an athlete ______________________________________________________________________________ b) a policeman chastising a motorist ______________________________________________________________________________ c) a student asking a question of a teacher _____________________________________________________________________________ c) one girl with hand to mouth pointing out something unexpected to a friend _____________________________________________________________________________ d) a little girl questioning a dirty and ragged looking pet puppy _____________________________________________________________________________

INTERNAL PUNCTUATION

There are three internal punctuation marks that, though not used as often as the comma, must be clearly understood. These are the:

• • •

the apostrophe the inverted commas the hyphen

The apostrophe is used to • indicate possession or ownership Ex: o My brother’s house is in the city. o We found the boy’s book in the desk. o The boys’ behaviour was of a very high standard.

It must be noted that the apostrophe comes before the “s” if the word is singular and comes after the “s” if the word is plural.

•

Ex:

Identify the exact place from which a letter or letters are missing. o They didn’t see the school of fish that swam by. o No one could’ve seen how the game would have ended.

Be sure to always place the mark where the letter or letters should go.

The inverted commas are used to • Ex:

Identify the exact words of a speaker (Direct Speech)

o The teacher said, “I am very pleased with your work.” o “Why,” began the student, “did you not tell me before?”

You must always OPEN and CLOSE quotations. The close quotation marks are usually placed AFTER the punctuation mark that ends the quotation or that portion of the quote.

The hyphen is usually used to separate two linked WORDS. Where there is another word that separates the nouns, the hyphen comes BEFORE and AFTER that word. Ex: o o

We will be attending After-‐School Study Hour tomorrow. I love my sister-‐in-‐law.

EXERCISE

1. Rewrite the following sentences and in each correctly place the missing apostrophe.

a) My fathers sister is very kind to me. ________________________________________________________________________ b) Why havent you done your homework? ________________________________________________________________________ c) The prefect tried to save the schools winning record. ________________________________________________________________________ d) Lets open the door and visit our friends. ________________________________________________________________________ e) My sisters and brothers were happy, but my sisters friends were not. ________________________________________________________________________

2. Each of the following sentences has one error in the use of the quotation marks. Rewrite the sentences with the correct use of the quotation marks. a) “This is not the word that I gave you, said the teacher. ________________________________________________________________________ b) “Are you sure of your answer,” or are you guessing? asked the examiner. ________________________________________________________________________ c) “My brother asked me, will this be enough for you?” ________________________________________________________________________ d) “These children work hard, was everyone’s message, “and they will succeed.” ______________________________________________________________________________ e) Come on, let’s win this one for the coach!” ______________________________________________________________________________

3. Each of the following sentences has a punctuation mark missing. Choose from the list below to fill in the missing punctuation.

‘(apostrophe) -‐-‐ (hyphen) a) b) c) d) e)

Have you ever met my sister in-‐law? You usually visit the dentist, dont you? The scouts gathered in the small semi circle. Where are the peoples heroes? Weve solved a serious problem today.

COMPREHENSION

Rain, Too Much Rain! Our usual fishing hole was shallow enough for even short, seven year old Jevon to walk out into the middle. Today, none of us was able to go that far, not even our oldest friend Nicky who, having turned ten, was months older that the other three of us. After two weeks of heavy rain, the pond was bursting. We could see tree branches and mud-‐coloured water, but no fish. Our parents allowed us to watch television but had put away our fishing rods. This was summer and we should be fishing and playing, but television and books were our forced partners. We talked about it and all agreed that the rain hated us, no matter what the farmers said.

Answer the questions that are about the passage you have just read. a) From the passage, we know that the friends i) Fished in many holes ii) Fished in one hole most of the time iii) Travelled far to fish in their favourite hole iv) iv) fished in the middle of the hole b) The writer suggests that he was i) Seven years old iii) eight years old ii) Nine years old iv) ten years old c) The phrase “the pond was bursting” suggests about the pond that i) It was over-‐filled with water iii) it had become too big ii) It had branches and mud iv) it had exploded d) Which of the following could the friends NOT see from their windows? i) Tree branches in the water iii) rain drops ii) Muddy water iv) their fishing rods

e) What does the phrase “forced partners” tell us? i) the boys were not happy iii) the boys could not see their friends ii) the rain was full of force iv) the books forced them to study f) What did we learn about the boys and the farmers? i) The rain hated the boys but loved the farmers ii) The farmers told the boys not to hate the rain iii) The farmers told the boys that the rain loved them iv) The rain upset the boys but helped the farmers

ADDITIONAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORT VOCABULARY:

Note these words, write them in your vocabulary book and learn their meanings.

• •

SHALLOW ALLOWED

SPELLING: • •

FRIEND MIDDLE

-‐ -‐

This means not deep or unimportant. This means approved or gave permission

Note the spelling of these words and any rule that they follow. -‐ -‐

This word carries the letter “i” before the “e” This word carries a double “d” and the “l” before the “e”

PARTS OF SPEECH:

Note the part of speech of these words and see how their use decides their part of speech.

• •

NONE OF US TELEVISION AND BOOKS -‐

-‐ -‐

This is pronoun that stands in place of the names of the boys but carries a singular verb. This is a compound noun (two nouns joined by the conjunction “and”) which carries a plural verb.

GRAMMAR: • •

TURNED: TALKED

Note the grammatical use of these words and learn the reasons for them being formed in this way

-‐ -‐

This word is the past tense form of “turn.” This word is the past tense form of “talk.”

Our New Village This was the year after the new village was built. It had grown more quickly than expected. There were homes of different colours and shapes; there were children playing and winning sports for the new high and elementary schools that joined the previous all-‐age school and, of course, there was a supermarket.

My dad was happy that he had brought the family here to this new village. It was safer; it was cleaner; we were happier and both he and mom received better salaries. Princesstown was nice, but nothing seemed as good as Keishanville. Answer the following questions that are about the passage you have just read. a) The new village was now into how many years of existence? The new village was now_________________________________________________________. b) In what two ways were the houses different? The houses were different________________________________________________________. c) How many schools are there in the village at this time? There are_____________________________________________________________________. d) What were the reasons given for the writer’s dad’s happiness? The reasons why the writer’s dad was happy_________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ e) Where did the writer’s family live before moving to the new village? The writer’s family______________________________________________________________. f) Rewrite the line from the passage that shows a surprise.

The line that shows a surprise_____________________________________________________.

ADDITIONAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORT VOCABULARY:

Note these words, write them in your vocabulary book and learn their meanings.

• •

PREVIOUS SALARIES

-‐ -‐

This word means “earlier” or “former” This word means “wages” or “payments”

SPELLING:

Note the spelling of these words and any rule that they follow.

•

RECEIVED

-‐

•

DIFFERENT

-‐

PARTS OF SPEECH:

This word carries the letter “e” before the “i”. Note the “c” that comes immediately before them. This word carries a double “f” and an “e” before and after the “r”

Note the part of speech of these words and see how their use decides their part of speech.

•

BUILT

-‐

•

BROUGHT

-‐

GRAMMAR: •

This word is a verb in the past tense. Not the different way in which the past tense is formed here. This word is a verb in the past tense. This is another example of an irregular past tense form.

Note the grammatical use of these words and learn the reasons for them being formed in this way

SAFER/CLEANER/HAPPPIER -‐

These are adjective forms used to compare two objects (-‐er – two, -‐est – three or more)

•

MORE QUICKLY

-‐

This is an adverb form used to compare two objects. This form means the same as –er.

Tragedy and Sadness There were fumes of smoke; there were falling buildings; people were running in different directions and cars blocked each other as they attempted to leave the scene. This is what we first saw of the tragedy. The picture was sad, but we all sat in front of our televisions too surprised to move. None of us could believe that the planes had really crashed into the buildings. We could see fires, people falling to their deaths, and we knew that many more were dying inside. Heroes were trying to help, but they, the police and firemen could do no more. It was also sad that many of these brave men and women also died as they tried to do the best for everyone. Answer the following questions that are about the passage you have just read.

a) How did the writer first learn about the tragedy? The writer first_________________________________________________________________. b) What, from the passage, is the tragedy written about? The tragedy ___________________________________________________________________. c) What is it that the writer thought but did not know for sure? The writer thought but did not know_______________________________________________. d) Who did the writer say were heroes? The writer____________________________________________________________________. e) Give another word or phrase from the passage for hero?

Another word from the passage__________________________________________________. f) Say two ways in which fear is seen in the passage? Two ways in which fear is seen_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________.

ADDITIONAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORT VOCABULARY:

Note these words, write them in your vocabulary book and learn their meanings.

• •

FUMES TRAGEDY

-‐ -‐

This word means “gas” or “vapor” This word means “accident” or “disaster”

SPELLING:

Note the spelling of these words and any rule that they follow.

•

RUNNING

-‐

REALLY

-‐

•

This is an example of joining a suffix that begins with a vowel to a word that ends with a consonant and has a single vowel before that consonant. You double the final consonant. This is an example of changing an adjective to an adverb. You add the letters –ly.

PARTS OF SPEECH:

Note the part of speech of these words and see how their use decides their part of speech.

• •

THEIR THEY

-‐ -‐

This is the third person possessive pronoun that shows ownership This is the third person plural personal pronoun that stands for people, places or things.

GRAMMAR: •

WERE FALLING

• WERE DYING

Note the grammatical use of these words and learn the reasons for them being formed in this way

-‐

This is another form of the past tense known as the past continuous This is another form of the past continuous tense.

Summer Camp Decision Making It was time for breakfast. No one could agree on what was the best meal. We had heard the views of our parents, but this was Summer Camp and the decision was ours to make. The Blue group argued strongly for bacon and eggs with slices of toast. But, even within this group they could not agree on how the eggs should be done or what type of bread should be used. The Red group that usually got its way had a different position. They wanted pancakes or cereal. And quarrel they did! They could not agree on one or the other. Of course, they also had differences on the type of cereal to have. Their ability to see things from different positions did not help now as in other situations. Their argument became the loudest. My group, the Green group could agree with neither of the other groups. We wanted fruit. We wanted oranges, apples, bananas, melons, mangoes and a few grapes. We had no argument; we wanted them all! The camp director stopped the argument and sent us into the room for breakfast and, on the table we saw………….. Answer the following questions that are about the passage you have just read. a) What is it that the different groups argued about with each other about? The different groups_____________________________________________________________ b) Who is identified in the passage as having no say in the decision? The persons identified in the passage as having no say in the decision____________________

c) What phrase used in the passage suggests that one group was accustomed to winning? The phrase used in the passage that _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ d) Which group is shown as only arguing with the other groups but not among themselves? The group that is shown to be only_____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ e) Pick out the words used in the passage that tell us that it is written in the first person point of view. The words in the passage that_________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ f) Select an adverb from the passage that tells us how one group argued to win the case against the others. An adverb from the passage that tells us_________________________________________ g) What is the part of speech of each of these words as they are used in the passage? (i) (ii) (iii)

Differences Different

______________________________

Differently

______________________________

ADDITIONAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORT VOCABULARY:

Note these words, write them in your vocabulary book and learn their meanings.

• •

VIEWS ABILITY

SPELLING: • •

-‐ -‐

This word means “opinions” or “beliefs.” (Compare it with view) This word means “power” or “strength.”

Note the spelling of these words and any rule that they follow.

CEREAL -‐ Compare the spelling here “cereal” with the spelling of the word that has the same pronunciation “serial.” ARGUMENT -‐ In changing the verb “argue” to the noun “argument” the letter “e” must be dropped.

PARTS OF SPEECH:

Note the part of speech of these words and see how their use decides their part of speech.

• •

ONE FEW

GRAMMAR:

-‐ -‐

This is a pronoun This word is used to describe or modify the word “grapes” which is a noun. This use makes the word “few” an adjective

Note the grammatical use of these words and learn the reasons for them being formed in this way

•

LOUDEST

-‐

•

BEST

-‐

This is an example of the superlative in use where there is a among three or more objects. This is another example of the superlative in use. (The word “most” can also be used to make the superlative

Josh Relives His Happiness I sat in the stands after a very exciting and successful day of sports. The flags were being taken down and given to the Principals. This was the usual official event, but my mind was not there. Rhys, Jacob and Isobella were not only from our school, but they were also in my class. There was Rhys running away from everyone in the sprints! We were jumping and screaming. The blue flags of victory were all over the stands. Green, red, yellow and all of the other colours were also waving but could not match the prominence of our school’s colour. Rhys stood tall for all of us on this day! Jacob was our team captain and, though he did not win gold, he kept the points coming with the many close second and third place finishes. The way he ran his relay legs made sure that we were in the medals there as well. Isobella was the accepted star of the day. Victrix Ludorum was a must! No one came close to her in any of her races. She had us dancing, shouting, waving and singing in the stand. I was shouting with my school friends, “A star is born, a star is born!” “Josh, Josh, wake up! It’s time to go home!” I turned around to see my dad with his hand on my shoulder, a broad smile on his face and an almost empty stadium. Answer the following questions that are about the passage you have just read.

a) Give two reasons why Josh was excited about the successes of the three athletes. Two reasons why Josh was excited______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ b) What colour was used to identify Josh’s school?

The colour used to identify Josh’s school_________________________________________ c) Select one term from the passage that makes the reader believe that the children were of Rhys. One term from the passage that makes the reader_________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ d) Explain why the writer says “Victrix Ludorum was a must?” The writer__________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ e) What emotion do the actions in paragraph four, “Isobella….” Suggest was felt by the children? The emotion that the actions___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ f) Give one word to explain what Josh is doing to allow the reader to see what happened during the day. The word that explains________________________________________________________ g) What is the part of speech of the word “team’s” as it is used in the passage? The part of speech of_________________________________________________________

ADDITIONAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORT

VOCABULARY:

Note these words, write them in your vocabulary book and learn their meanings.

• •

PROMINENCE MEDALS

-‐ -‐

This word means “rank” or “fame” This word stands for a “prize” or an “award.” It is not to be confused with the word “metal”

SPELLING:

Note the spelling of these words and any rule that they follow.

•

JUMPING

-‐

•

SCREAMING

-‐

PARTS OF SPEECH:

This is an example of joining a suffix that begins with a vowel to a core word that ends in a consonant. Note what happens when the final consonant is comes after another consonant. This is also an example of joining a suffix that begins with a vowel to a core word that ends in a consonant. Note what happens when the final consonant comes after two vowels.

Note the part of speech of these words and see how their use decides their part of speech.

•

EVERYONE

-‐

•

NO-‐ONE

-‐

This is another form of the pronoun (Note the beginning “every” which means that it must carry a singular verb) This is another form of the pronoun (The beginning “no” means that it must carry a singular verb)

GRAMMAR: •

Note the grammatical use of these words and learn the reasons for them being formed in this way

A STAR IS BORN

-‐

This involves both a direct quote and an expression of emotion. As a result, it must come within quotation marks

and end with an exclamation mark.

ENGLISH TENSES

1. PAST PRESENT FUTURE 2. A) PRESENT B) PAST C) PAST D) FUTURE E) PAST 3. A) I LIVED IN THE BEST PARISH IN THE COUNTRY. B) THE GARDENER PLANTED THE TREE. C) OUR FRIENDS WERE DOING GOOD WORK. D) NONE OF US WAS HUNGRY. E) SHE ALWAYS DANCED WELL

SENTENCES

THE HORSES BOYS THIS TABLE AND THAT CHAIR YOU THE GIRLS 2. WORK MADE/IS PERFORMED WERE REMEMBER 3. PHRASE PHRASE SENTENCED PHRASE SENTENCE

THE COMMA a) b) c) d)

Sir, will we be attending the show at the Olympus? We were all invited, but only three of us were able to go to the game. I was there, began the student, but I did not see the fight. Many of the children came, and the fair was a very good success.

e) I have my pencil, notepad, eraser and dictionary in preparation for the test. THE CAPITAL LETTER There was a fire at the church in the north of the island. It burned for more than an hour and resulted in the house of the Lord being totally destroyed. The pastor, whose name was Father Jones could only nod his head and prayer while my friends and I tried everything to keep ourselves away from the heat. Our parents were sure that the Almighty knew that HIs house would be replaced with something much better.

COUNTABLE AND NON-‐COUNTABLE

1. A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) 2. A) B) C)

SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT 1. A) B) C) D) E) 2. A) B) C) D) E)

ARE TRIES WERE DOES HAS SEEMS ARE VISITS ARE COMES

PREPOSITIONS

2. A) PREPOSITION B) ADVERB C) PREPOSITION D) PREPOSITION E) PREPOSITION

MANY MANY AMOUNT FEWER FEWER NUMBER MUCH FEWER INCORRECT CORRECT INCORRECT

CORRECT

E) F) G) H)

INCORRECT INCORRECT INCORRECT INCORRECT

F) ADVERB

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 1. A) ADVERB B) ADJECTIVE C) ADVERB D) ADVERB E) ADJECTIVE 2. A) SMALLER B) DARKEST C) MORE SWEETLY D) WEAKER E) MOST BRIGHTLY 3. A) BEST B) HIGHER C) NICEST D) MORE ANGRILY E) GREENER

END PUNCTUATION 1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j)

Are you going to the game this afternoon? This is not your shoe, is it? My friends asked me if we had seen the lady who was visiting from New York. Does the tree blossom at this time of the year? Here is my mom coming down the street. Do not open that can! The forest is losing its appeal to me. May I speak with you next week? Stop what you are doing at once! Help me please!

INTERNAL PUNCTUATION 1. a) b) c) d) e)

My father’s sister is very kind to me. Why haven’t you done your homework? The prefect tried to save the school’s winning record. Let’s open the door and visit our friends. My sisters and brothers were happy, but my sisters’ friends were not.

2. a) b) c) d) e)

“This is not the word that I gave you, “said the teacher. “Are you sure of your answer, or are you guessing?” asked the examiner. My brother asked me, “Will this be enough for you?” “These children work hard,” was everyone’s message, “and they will succeed.” “Come on, let’s win this one for the coach!”

3. a) b) c) d) e)

Have you ever met my sister-‐ in-‐law? You usually visit the dentist, don’t you? The scouts gathered in the small semi-‐ circle. Where are the people’s heroes? We’ve solved a serious problem today.

COMPREHENSION RAIN, TOO MUCH RAIN a) (ii) b) (ii) c) (i) d) (iv) e) (i) f) (iv) OUR NEW VILLAGE a) The new village was now into its second year of existence. b) The houses were different in colour and shape. c) There are now three schools in the village. d) The reasons why the writer’s dad was happy were that the village was safer and cleaner; he and his wife also made more money. e) The writer’s family lived in Princesstown before moving to the new village. f) The line that shows a surprise is “It had grown more quickly than expected.” TRAGEDY AND SADNESS a) The writer first learned about the tragedy when he saw it on television. b) The tragedy written about is planes crashing into buildings. c) The writer thought but did not know that other people were dying in the building. d) The writer said that the police and firemen were heroes. e) Another word or phrase from the passage for hero is “brave men and women.” f) Two ways in which fear is seen are people running in different directions and cars blocking each other trying to leave the scene. SUMMER CAMP DECISION MAKING a) The different groups argued with each other about what they should have for breakfast. b) The persons identified in the passage as having no say in the decision were the children’s parents. c) The phrase used in the passage that suggested one group was accustomed to winning is “usually got its way.” d) The group that is shown to be only arguing with the other groups but not among themselves is the Green group. e) The words in the passage that tell us it is written in the first person are “we, our, my and us.” f) An adverb from the passage that tells us how one group argued is “strongly.” g) Differences (Noun) Different (Adjective) Differently (Adverb) JOSH RELIVES HIS HAPPINESS a) Two reasons why Josh was excited about the successes of the three athletes are that they were from his school and also in his class. b) The colour used to identify Josh’s school was blue. c) One term from the passage that makes the reader believe that the children were proud of Rhys is “Rhys stood tall for all of us on this day.” d) The writer said “Victrix Ludorum was a must!” because he was sure that Isobella would have been chosen to receive the title. e) The emotion that the actions suggested was happiness. f) The word that explains what Josh was doing is remembering, recalling or reminiscing. g) The part of speech of “team’s” is noun.

MATHEMATICS

BASIC MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICAL SIGNS AND FUNCTIONS In mathematics, specific signs are used to give directions. There are some basic ones that must be understood. • The Plus sign (+) which calls for addition and gives the sum as the result Ex: 21 + 13 = 34 • The Minus sign (-‐) which calls for subtraction and gives the difference as the result

Ex: 28 -‐ 12 = 16 • The Division sign (÷) which calls for a reduction in value

Ex: 20 ÷ 5 = 4 • The Multiplication sign (x) which asks for the product to be given as the result

Ex: 11 x 4 = 44 • The Less Than sign (<) which asks for the lesser of two values to be identified

Ex: 5 < 8 = (5 is less in value than 8) • The Greater Than sign (>) which asks for the greater of two values to be identified

Ex: 9 > 4 = (9 is greater in value than 4) • The Equals sign (=) which identifies that two values are the same

Ex: 4 x 4 = 10 + 6 = (4 x 4 is equal in value to 10 + 6). They both have a value of 16

EXERCISE

1. Answer the following questions. a) 56 + 37 = _________ b) 27 + 19 = _________ c) 28 + 71 = _________ a) 84 -‐ 21 = _________ e) 92 -‐ 14 = _________ f) 61 -‐ 29 = _________ a) 72 ÷ 12 = _________ h) 48 ÷ 6 = _________ i) 81 ÷ 9 = _________ j)24 x 6 = _________ k) 37 x 4 = _________ l) 42 x 5 = _________

2. Answer each of the following questions. a) What is sum of 29 and 34? b) What is the difference between 67 and 19? c) What is the product of 18 by 5

3. Fill in the missing sign in each of the following equations. a) 4 _______ 7 = 28 b) 5 + 3 _________ 4 x 2 c) 6 -‐ 2 _________ 8 x 0 d) 12 ÷ 4 _________ 3 + 2 e) 20 x 2 _________ 7 x 6

PLACE VALUE

__________________ __________________ __________________

Place value is different from value. a) Place value means the position of a digit in a number. Ex: The number 324 has three digits, each in a different position THOUSANDS HUNDREDS TENS UNITS (ONES) 0 3 2 4 Hence, the place value of 3 is hundreds, that of two is tens and that of 4 is units or ones. b) Value is the worth of each digit in a number. Ex: The number 324 has three digits, each with a different worth. THOUSANDS HUNDREDS TENS UNITS (ONES) 0 3 2 4 Hence, the worth of 3 is three hundred, that of 2 is two tens or twenty and that of 4 is four ones or four.

When adding or subtracting numbers, it is important to put digits in their correct position (hundreds under hundreds and tens under tens) Ex: 1 256 128 (This is badly lined up and will cause problems and give the wrong answer). Ex: 2 256 128 128 (This is correctly lined up and will give the correct answer).

EXERCISE

1. Correctly line up the following numbers and give the answer.

a) Give the sum of 263 and 94. ______________ b) By how much more is 192 than 81 _______________ c) Add 104 and 72

________________

d) Subtract 27 from 318.

_________________

2. Use this number to give the correct answer for each of the following questions. 519 a) What is the value of 1? b) What is the place value of 9? c) What is the place value of 1? d) What is the value of 5?

_________________

3. Use this number to give the correct answer for each of the following questions. 472

a) Which digit is in the hundreds position? b) Which digit has the same value as (8 x 3 ÷ 12)?

__________________ __________________

WORDS AND NUMBERS All words are names that are given to numbers. These names can be simple with only one word or they may follow a pattern that has a known structure. Ex: One word names for numbers: 1 = ONE 2 = TWO 5 = FIVE 8 = EIGHT 10 = TEN

Words in the teens: There are seven numbers between thirteen and nineteen that that always finish with the suffix “teen” at then of the one word name mentioned above when being written in words: 13 = THIRTEEN 14 = FOURTEEN 18 = EIGHTEEN 19 = NINETEEN Words that come after twenty (20) also have a pattern. The tens place uses the words “twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty and ninety for 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90.” If the ones place is greater than zero, the name (word) is made by using the tens place word and the one word name in the ones place. 21 = TWENTY ONE 32 = THIRTY TWO 43 = FORTY THREE This is also true for numbers of more than a hundred. The hundred is the first word in the name, then the ten and then the one. 136 = ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY SIX 259 = TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY NINE 414 = FOUR HUNDRED AND FOURTEEN

EXERCISE 1. Write out the number for each of the following names. a) Sixty four _____________________________ b) Eighty three _____________________________ c) Sixteen _____________________________ d) Forty eight _____________________________ e) One hundred and thirty seven _____________________________ 2. Write out the name in words for the following numbers. a) 33 _______________________________ b) 94 _______________________________ c) 12 _______________________________ d) 164 _______________________________ e) 218 _______________________________ 3. Write out the name in words for the following values. a) 7 + 5 x 3 b) 10 x 2 -‐ 4 c) 5 x 6 ÷ 3 d) 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 e) 4 x 4 x 2 + 41

= _______________________________ = _______________________________ = _______________________________ = _______________________________ = _______________________________

EVEN AND ODD NUMBERS

Even numbers are those numbers that can be divided by two without leaving a remainder. Ex: 2 4 6

Odd numbers are those numbers that, when divided by two always leave remainder one. Ex:

Remainder 1

There are four further points to note when discussing odd and even numbers: • The number zero (0) has no value and is neither even nor odd • All even numbers must end in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8. • All odd numbers must end in 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. • Odd and even numbers always alternate each other on the number chart. ODD 1

EVEN 2

ODD 3

EVEN 4

ODD 5

EVEN 6

EXERCISE

ODD 7

EVEN 8

ODD 9

EVEN 10

1. Here are a set of numbers; say which is even and which is odd a) 39

__________________

b) 27

_____________________

c) 84 e)358

__________________

d) 123

_____________________

__________________

f) 92

_____________________

2. Give the correct answer for each question by saying ODD or EVEN. a) There were three hundred and four marbles in a jar. b) If I drove for ninety three miles, my distance was? c) We were able to pick four hundred and sixty five apples. d) There were twenty eight children in class. e) All of my thirteen cousins are in school.

________________

3. Answer the following questions and say whether the answer is odd or even. a) 54 b) 22 c) 19 d) 63 e) 119

___________________

_______________

___________________

_______________

___________________

_______________

___________________

_______________

205

___________________

_______________

PRIME AND COMPOSITE NUMBERS

A prime number is a whole number that only has two factors: • Itself • The number one Ex: Factors are numbers that divide larger numbers without leaving a remainder. Hence: a) 2 =

(2 ÷ 2 = 1 and

2 ÷ 1 = 2)

(3 ÷ 3 = 1 and

3 ÷ 1 = 3)

(11 ÷ 11 = 1

and

b) 3 = c) 11 =

11 ÷ 1 = 11)

The numbers 2, 3 and 11 can be divided by no other number without leaving a remainder. They are therefore prime numbers. A composite number has other factors in addition to one and itself.

Ex: a) 4 = (4 ÷ 4 = 1 and 4 ÷ 1 = 4 and 4 ÷ 2 = 2) b) 6 = (6 ÷ 6 = 1 and 6 ÷ 1 = 6 and 6 ÷ 3 = 2 and

6 ÷ 2 = 3)

c) 10 = (10 ÷ 10 = 1 and 10 ÷ 1 = 10 and 10 ÷ 5 = 2 and 10 ÷ 2 = 5) The numbers 4, 6 and 10 can be divided by more numbers than one and themselves without leaving a remainder. They are composite numbers The numbers 0 and 1 do not follow any of these rules and are therefore neither prime nor composite numbers. The prime numbers between 2 and 25 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 and 23. All other numbers in that range are composite numbers. All numbers that end in 5 can be divided by 5. All numbers greater than 5 that end in 5 are therefore composite numbers.

EXERCISE

1. Say which of the following numbers are Prime Numbers and which are Composite Numbers. a) 73 b) 91 c) 82 d) 110 e) 333

______________________________

2.Write out all the Prime numbers between 49 and 70. ___________________________________________________________________ 3.Write out all the composite numbers between 37and 44. __________________________________________________________________ 4.Give the answer for each of the following sums and then say whether the answer is a prime or a composite number. a) 12 b) 8 c) 6 d) 18 e) 55

______________

_______________________

______________

_______________________

______________

_______________________

______________

_______________________

______________

_______________________

PERCENTAGES

Percentages mean the parts of a hundred. Ex:

60% means 60 parts of a hundred. 85% means 85 parts of a hundred. • •

All whole numbers can be changed into a hundred parts. All portions or parts of a whole can be changed into percentages.

Ex:

12 20

means that there are 12 portions of a whole that has 20 parts. This can then be changed from a whole with 20 parts to a whole with 100 parts.

Whatever must be done with the whole number to make it into a hundred parts must also be done with its portions to make its percentage.

Ex:

20 12

x x

5 5

= =

100 60

60%

50%

100

64%

100

When comparing percentages, it must be noted that the size of the original whole does not matter. It is the size of the portion or percentage that makes one greater or less than the other.

Ex:

5 8 The fact that 25 is larger than 10 does not mean that this fraction 10 25 is greater than the other. The first percentage of 5/10 or 50% is greater than 8/25 which is 32%.

EXERCISE

1. Change each of the following fractions into percentages. a) b) c) d) e)

1/2 4/5 11/20 19/25 12/40

___________________

2. Change the following percentages into fractions by filling in the blank spaces. a) 40% b) 25%

c) 75%

d) 20%

__ 20 ___ 4 6

e) 60%

__ 15

3. Compare the two fractions in each of the following questions and write the percentage of the LARGER of the two. a) 12/15 b) 9/12

-‐-‐

14/20

_____________________

-‐-‐

8/10

_____________________

c) 16/20

-‐-‐

18/30

_____________________

DECIMALS

The use of Decimals is one of the three ways used in Mathematics to express a part of a whole. The three forms are • • •

Decimals Fractions Percentages

The decimal point (or period) is always used to indicate that there is a decimal. Ex: 6/10 (six over ten) is written as a decimal 0.6 6/100 (six over one hundred) is written as a decimal 0.06 6/1000 (six over one thousand) is written as a decimal 0.006 There are specific ways of pronouncing decimals. Ex: 0.6 is pronounced as six tenths or zero point six 0.06 is pronounced as six hundredths or zero point zero six 0.006 is pronounced as six thousandths or zero point zero, zero six The value of the decimal decreases (gets less) the more zeros placed after the decimal point Ex: 0.4 is greater in value than 0.04 which is greater in value than 0.004 The value of the decimals plays no part in lining them up when adding or subtracting decimals. The decimal points must always be placed under each other. Ex: 0.0 5 + 0.2 + 0.025 = 0.05 0.2 + 0.025 0.275

0.2

-‐

0.05

= 0.2 -‐ 0.05 0.25

EXERCISE

1. Rewrite the following fractions as decimals. a) 14/100 c) 9/10 e) 7/100

______________

3/100

________________

______________

5/1000

________________

_____________

36/1000

________________

2. Rewrite the following decimals with the smallest coming first. a)

0.34, 0.008, 0.5, 0.091

______ ________________________

0.1,

______________________________

1.026, 1.10, 1.030, 1.008

______________________________

0.89, 1.03, 0.901, 1.5

______________________________

Correctly line up and add the following decimals.

1.05

0.452 +

1.4

0.5

0.005 +

0.050

0.06

0.006 +

0.060

0.01, 0.001, 0.11

________________________

_______________________

4. Correctly lineup and subtract the following decimals. a) b)

1.8

-‐

0.255

0.2

-‐

0.050

TIME CLOCK

________________________

____________________

The common time clock shows sixty minutes and twelve hours. There are also two hands found on the clock. • The long hand moves around the clock to once to move the short hand from one minute to the other minute. Each time the long hand circles the clock it moves for sixty seconds. Ex: o Sixty seconds make one minute o Sixty minutes make one hour • The short hand takes sixty minutes to move from one number to the other number. Each time it moves from one number to the other (one to two or eight to nine) this is known as one hour. The short hand circles twelve numbers on the clock twice (twelve multiplied by two or twenty four hours) to make one day. Ex: o Sixty minutes make one hour o Twenty four hours make one day.

• The clock repeats this process seven times to make one week. Ex: o Seven days make one week

EXERCISE

1. Here is the face of a time clock. Fill in the numbers that identify the twelve hours of the clock. 2. Add the following times to give their correct sums.

a) Hrs Mins Secs 6 15 14 + 9 38 18

___________________________

b) Hrs 5 + 7

Mins 24 38

Secs 9 54

___________________________

3. Subtract the following times to give their correct differences. a) Hrs Mins Secs 12 22 40 -‐ 8 10 14 ____________________________

Wks Days Hrs 3 5 16 -‐ 1 6 8

___________________________

4. Answer each of the following questions. a) What time would it be if the short hand is on 6 and the long on 12? _______________ b) What time is it if the short hand is on 3 and the long hand on 6? _______________ c) Where would the long hand be if it is 20 minutes to the hour? _______________ d) Where would the long hand be if it is 15 past the hour? _______________ e) Where would the short hand be at midday? _______________ f) Where would the long hand be at midnight? _______________

AVERAGE

Average is the sum total of all of the objects divided by the number of objects that were added together. Ex: 1 There are five classes doing Maths at the same time. The number of students in the classes is 15, 18, 20, 17 and 25. What is the average number of students for the five classes. 15 + 18 + 20 + 17 + 25 ÷ 5 = 95 ÷ 5 = 19 Ex: 2 My report had the marks for the eight subjects I did during the term. They were 84, 90, 88, 96, 74, 80, 91, 93. What was my term’s average? 84 + 90 + 88 + 96 + 72 + 00 + 91 + 93 ÷ 8 = 616 ÷ 8 = 77 Ex: 3 On my netball team there are seven girls. Our different ages are 8 yrs 8 months, 9 yrs 2 months, 8 yrs 9 months, 8 yrs 6 months, 9 yrs 0 months, 9 yrs 3 months and 8 yrs 11 months. What is the average age of the team? 8:8 + 9:2 + 8:9 + 8:6 + 9:0 + 9:4 + 8:11 ÷ 7 = 630 ÷ 7 = 9:0

EXERCISE

Find the average of each of the following groups of numbers. a) 5, 7, 4, 9, 0 b) 8, 12, 15, 17, 24, 14 c) 25, 0, 0, 11 d) 26, 29, 30, 37, 40, 20, 28 e) 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 630

________________________

Give the answer for each of the following questions. a) If the sum is 84 and the average is 12, how many numbers are there? b) If the sum is 81 and the average is 9, how many numbers are there? c) If the sum is 36 and there are 9 numbers what is the average? d) If the average is 12 and there are 6 numbers, what is the sum? e) If the average is 5 and there are 9 numbers what is the sum?

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Study the chart and give the answers to the questions. 4 5 7

a) If the areas for the three squares are 16, 25 and 49, what is the average area? ________

FRACTIONS UNDERSTANDING FRACTIONS Fractions are numbers that name the parts of anything (the whole). The top number of a fraction is called the numerator and the bottom number is called the denominator. Here is a figure (the whole) that is broken into four parts (the denominator) which can then be broken into further smaller parts (the numerator). A B C

1 1

4 4 (Denominator)

2 (Numerator) 4

All fractions must have a numerator and a denominator that show the parts into which a whole is divided and the portions of those parts that are to be taken out or noted. Ex: a) 1 3 (This identifies one portion of the three parts into which the whole is divided) b) 2 5 (This identifies two portions of the five parts into which the whole is divided) c) 7 8 (This identifies seven portions of the eight parts into which the whole is divided)

EXERCISE 1. In one sentence, write out how many parts into which the whole is broken and then write out the fraction that correctly identifies what letter “A” represents.

______________________________________________________ _________ 2. In one sentence, write out how many parts into which the whole is broken and then write out the fraction that would represent the shaded portion.

______________________________________________________________ ___________ 3. In one sentence, write out how many parts into which the whole is broken and then write out the fraction that would represent the shaded portion.

______________________________________________________________ 4. Draw a picture that shows 3 5 5. Draw a picture that shows 6 9

____________

FRACTION TYPES

There are three main types of fractions: o Pure fractions o Mixed fractions o Improper fractions

Pure fractions are those that have a numerator that is smaller than the denominator.

Ex:

2 3

5 7

8 9

11 12

Mixed fractions are those that have a whole number and a fraction together. Ex:

611

3 7 9 12 Improper fractions are those that have a numerator that is larger than the denominator. Ex:

5 3

3 2

7 5

10 6

o It must be noted that: o It is sometimes necessary to reduce pure fractions to a smaller form. This is done by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by the greatest common factor (GCF). Ex:

2 ÷ 2 = 1 6 2 3 All mixed fractions can be returned into improper fractions. This is done by multiplying the whole number by the denominator and then adding the numerator to the sum which then becomes the new numerator.

3 3 o All improper fractions can be reduced to mixed fractions. This is done by dividing the numerator by the denominator; the answer then becomes the whole number and the remainder the numerator.

Ex:

EXERCISE 1. Reduce the following fractions to their lowest form.

a) 4 6

b) 3 9

________

_________

c) 8 12

__________

d) 5 10

__________

2. Write each of the following improper fractions as a mixed number in its lowest form.

a) 7 2

b) 13 3

_________

___________

19 5

____________

26 4

_____________

3. Write each of the following mixed numbers as an improper fraction a)

___________ ___________

______________

4. Write the fraction for each the following: a) Three quarters

b) Two and one fifth c) Eight and three fifths

________________

ADDING FRACTIONS •

WITH LIKE DENOMINATORS:

When adding fractions with like denominators, add the numerators and put the sum over the denominators.

Ex:

1 5

3 5

4 5

If the result is an improper fraction, change it to a mixed number.

Ex:

If the fractions include mixed numbers, add the fractions and then add the whole numbers.

Ex:

•

WITH UNLIKE DENOMINATORS

When adding fractions with unlike denominators, they must be changed to become the same.

This must be done by using the lowest common multiple as the new denominator and then add the new numerators

Remember, whatever is done to change the denominator must also be done with the numerator).

Ex:

1 2

1 3

3 + 2 6

5 6

EXERCISE

1. Find the sums of the following fractions. Give your answers in the lowest terms.

a) 1 3

1 3

________

1 5

c) 2 7

4 7

________

d) 5 15

3 5

______

7 15

______

2. Find the sums of the following fractions. Write the answers in the lowest terms.

_________

______

113 = 8

3. Add the following fractions and write the answers in the lowest terms. a) 5 3

6 3

_________

9 5

8 5

______

c) 11 4

7 4

_________

15 8

17 8

______

SUBTRACTING FRACTIONS •

WITH LIKE DENOMINATORS: When subtracting fractions with like denominators, subtract the numerators and put the difference over the denominators.

Ex:

3 5

-‐

2 5

1 5

If the fractions include mixed numbers, there may be a need to rename one of them (so that the smaller number has a smaller numerator as well) before doing the actual subtraction.

Ex:

-‐

WITH UNLIKE DENOMINATORS

•

When subtracting fractions with unlike denominators, they must first be changed to have the same denominators. This must be done by using the lowest common multiple as the new denominator and then subtract the new numerators

Ex:

4 -‐ 2 = (LCM IS 35) 20 -‐ 14 = 6 5 7 35 35 35 Remember, whatever is done to change the denominator must also be done with the numerator.

•

The first denominator (5) was multiplied by 7 to make 35 so the first numerator (4) must also be multiplied by 7. The second denominator (7) was multiplied by 5 to make 35 so the second numerator (2) must also be multiplied by 5.

EXERCISE 1. Find the differences between the following fractions. Give your answers in the lowest terms. a) 3 4

-‐

1 4

___________ b) 6 -‐ 11

3 11

= __________

c) 5 7

-‐

3 7

___________ d) 15 -‐ 9 19 19

= __________

2. Subtract the following fractions. Be sure to rename when there is a need. a) 8 5

-‐

6 5

___________ b) 7 3

c) 5

-‐

5 3

= __________

___________ d) 82 -‐

= __________

-‐

3. Find the differences between the following fractions. Give your answers in the lowest terms. a) 1 6

-‐ 1 5

___________ b) 4 6

-‐

3 9

= __________

1 4

=__________

C) 1 -‐

3 2 7

___________ d) 2 3

-‐

MULTIPYING FRACTIONS When multiplying fractions, you should simply multiply two numerators by each other and then multiply the two denominators by each other. The answer should then be changed to its lowest term. Ex:

2 3

3 5

= 6 15

2 5

When multiplying a whole number (2) by a fraction (1/4), write the whole

number as a fraction with the denominator as one (2/1), then multiply the numerators by each other and do the same with the denominators. Ex:

If one of the parts is a mixed fraction change it to an improper fraction and then multiply. To simplify the answer to the lowest term, take it to a mixed fraction Ex:

EXERCISE 1. Multiply the following fractions and put the answers in their lowest terms. a) 2 5

3 5

= ___________

4 7

3 7

= __________

b) 3 4

5 6

= ___________

1 2

6 9

= __________

2. Read the following charts and give the answer to each question.

= _________

X 3. Answer each of the following questions.

= _________

= _____________

a) A student brought to school 8 eggs to be used in a cake but only used 3. How many did she use? 4 = __________ b) Susan was only able to finish 5 of the 24 sums given in class. How many did she finish? 6 = __________ c) I eat 2 of an apple each day. How many apples would I eat in 10 days? = __________ 5 d) I had a piece of rope 21 inches long and cut off 2. How much did I cut off? = _________ 7

DIVIDING FRACTIONS Note the following action taken with the fraction. 2 x 3 3 2 You would note two things: • The second fraction is the first turned upside down • When reduced to their simplest form the answer is one (1).

The second fraction that is the upside-‐down version of the first is known as a reciprocal. When dividing fractions, make a reciprocal of the first fraction and change the division sign to a multiplication sign: Ex:

It must also be noted that the two fractions carry different names and only the second one is used to form the reciprocal. Ex: 3 (DIVIDEND) 1 (DIVISOR) 4 (RECIPROCAL)

RULE: • • •

The dividend is the fraction to be divided. The divisor is the fraction that divides the dividend The reciprocal is the upside-‐down version of the divisor

EXERCISE 1. Answer the following problems and be sure to give your answers in the lowest terms. b) 2 3 c)

÷ 1 6

= ____________

8 9

1 3

= __________

= ____________

= __________

2. Answer each of the following questions. a) I have a piece of cloth that is 12cms long. If I cut it into pieces that are 3 long, how many pieces would I have? 4 b) There are 24 children in my class. If I take out 1 how many did I take out? 6 c) I have a number of marbles in a jar. I take out 5 portions each with 1 of the marbles. How many marbles did I take out? d) In mixing a glass of mauby, I must add 11 teaspoons of sugar for every cup of drink. 3 How many teaspoons of sugar would I need to use to have 8 cups of drink? e) My mother gave me 6 sugar cakes to divide among myself and my two brothers. How many does each of us get? f) There were 16 balls on the pasture. The teacher asked the class to collect 3 of them. How many should the class collect? 4

GEOMETRY SHAPES

Let us study two basic types of shapes:

• •

Quadrilaterals Triangles

The prefix “quad” means four. Hence, quadrilaterals are shapes that have four sides and four angles. The sum of the angles of all quadrilaterals is 360 degrees.

The three main quadrilaterals are

•

Squares that have four parallel sides of equal length and four angles each of 90 degrees. 2cms 2cms

•

Rectangles that also have four parallel sides with the opposite sides being equal (length and width are different). There are also four angles each of which are 90 degrees. 4cms 2cms

•

Parallelograms also have four parallel sides with the opposite sides being of equal length. All of its angles, however, are more or less than 90 degrees.

Triangles:

The prefix “tri” means three. Hence, triangles are shapes that have three sides and three angles. The sum of the angles of all triangles is 180 degrees.

EXERCISE 1. Use your crayons to complete the given instructions.

______________ _____________ ___________ _______________ a) b) c) d)

Colour the square blue and name it. Colour the triangle green and name it. Colour the parallelogram red and name it. Colour the rectangle yellow and name it.

2. Fill in the missing angle and then give the name of the possible shape. a) 60 b) 75 c) ___

_____

_________________________

____ 105

105

_________________________

3. Give me my name. a) I have two sides of 6cms each that are longer than my other two but I also have four equal angles. ___________________________________ b) I have four angles one of which is 130 degrees. ___________________________________ c) I have no parallel sides. ___________________________________ d) None of my sides is longer than any of the others. ___________________________________

ANGLES If you were asked, “What is an angle?” what would be your reply? • An angle is the amount of space that is created when two lines meet. • Different angles carry different names based on the number of degrees between the lines. • There are five different types of angles: o Straight angles that measure 180 degrees. o Right angles that measure 90 degrees. o Acute angles that measure less than 90 degrees. o Obtuse angles that measure more than 90 degrees but less than 180. o Reflex angles that measure more than 180 degrees but less than 360.

(ACUTE ANGLE)

(RIGHT ANGLE)

(OBTUSE ANGLE)

(STRAIGHT ANGLE) (REFLEX ANGLE)

EXERCISE 1. Write the name of the angle given in each of the following statements. a) I am 52 degrees. b) I am 215 degrees. c) I am 86 degrees. d) I am 135 degrees e) I am 90 degrees. f) I am 180 degrees g) I am 95 degrees

____________________________

2. Use your ruler and pencil to give an example of these angles. a) An obtuse angle b) A reflex angle c) An acute angle

____________________________

3. Use the following shape to identify the angles listed. A C

b) Angle ABC c) Angle ABD d) Angle EBC

_____________________________

PERIMETER AND CIRCUMFERENCE The perimeter is the distance around a shape that is formed by straight lines (the sum of all four sides). •

•

For shapes such as o Squares o Rectangles o Parallelograms the perimeter is found by adding length plus width plus length plus width (2L x 2w). The perimeter of a triangle is found by adding all three sides.

The circumference is the distance around a circle. In studying circles there are two other points to note: • The diameter is the length of the line that cuts the circle in half. • The radius is the length of a line from the centre of a circle to the outside edge (half of the diameter)

EXERCISE 1. Answer each of the following questions. a) I have a piece of wood that is 6cms long and 4cms wide. What is its perimeter? _________________________________ b) If the perimeter of a square is 32cms, how long is each side? __________________________________ c) A triangle has one side of 4cms and a perimeter of 18cms. If the other sides are equal, what are their lengths? __________________________________ d) A rectangle has two sides that are each 5cms wide and a perimeter of 32cms. How long is it? __________________________________ e) If a circle has a diameter of 8cms, what is its radius? __________________________________ f) If a piece of rope that is pulled from one side of a circle through the centre to the other side is 10cms. What is i. The diameter? ______________________ ii. The radius? ______________________

2. Here are two circles draw a line that represents the diameter of the first and the radius of the second.

3. Find the perimeter of each of the following shapes. 3cms 4cms 2cms

______________

2cms

_____________

4cms

3cms _______________

AREA Area is the number of square units that make up any space. It is always written in square units by placing the number 2 to the end of the units. Ex:

2 12

(twelve squared)

The area of a four sided figure is found by multiplying the length by the width (L x w). 3cms 2cms Area = L(3cms) x w(2cms) = 6cms

Area = L (3cms) x w (3cms) = 9cms

3cms

The area of a triangle is found by multiplying half of the base by the height (1/2b x h) 2

h = 5cms

4cms

Area =

1/2b (2cms) x h (5cms) = 10cms

EXERCISE 1. Answer each of the following questions. a) What is the area of a room that is 6m wide and 12 long. __________________________________ 2 c) If my dad’s kitchen garden has an area of 32 and is 4 metres wide. What is its length? __________________________________ d) My clipboard is 5cms long with a perimeter of 18cms. What is its area? __________________________________ 2 e) I need to cover a floor of 42cms. The material I have is 7 metres long. How wide must it be? ___________________________________ f) John’s room is 8m long and 6m wide, while mine is 10m long and 5m wide. How many more square metres of space do I have in my room? ___________________________________ g) What is the area of a triangle whose sides are all 5cms and whose height is 6cms? ___________________________________

2. Find the area of each of the following shapes.

5cms a)

4cms

7cms

__________________

2cms

__________________________

VOLUME Volume is the number of cubic units needed to fill any space. It is always written in cubic units by placing the number 3 at the end of the units. 3

Ex: 36

(thirty six cubed)

Volume is found by multiplying the length (L), by the width (w) by the height (h). Volume =

(L x

Ex: 1

Ex: 2

Volume = a 3

4cms

5cms

3cms

Volume = 4 x 5 x 3 = 60

EXERCISE 1. Answer each of the following questions. a) What is the volume of a box that is 7cm long, 4cm wide and 2cm deep?

____________

b) I have an ice cube that is 3cm on each side, what is its volume?

____________

3 c) A block that has volume of 36cm. If it is 4 cm long, what is the width?

____________

d) What is the length of a box that has a width of 4cms, a height of 6cms and a volume of 240 cubic centimeters? ____________ e) How many square blocks of 2cms on each side would on need to fill a space that is 5cms long, 3cms wide and 4cms deep? ____________

2. Find the volume of each of the following figures. A

Figure A is 3Cms long with a height and dept of 2cm each. Figure B is 6cms long, 4cms wide and 3cm deep. Figure C is 4cms long, 2Cms wide and 3cms deep.

____________

3. Find the volume of each of the following figures. 8cms

3cms

2cms 3cms 3cms 3cms __________________ _____________________

MATHEMATICS SIGNS AND FUNCTIONS 1. A) 93 B) 46 C) 99 D) 63 E) 78 F) 32 G) 6 H) 8 I) 9 J) 144 K) 148 L) 210

2. A) 63 B) 48 C) 90

3. A) X B) = C) > D) < E) <

PLACE VALUE 1. A) 357 B) 111 C) 176 D) 291

2. A) TEN B) ONES (UNITS) C) TENS D) FIVE HUNDRED

3. A) 4 B) 2

WORDS AND NUMBERS 1. A) 64 B) 83 C) 16 D) 48 E) 137

2. A) THIRTY THREE B) NINETY FOUR C) TWELVE D) ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY FOUR E) TWO HUNDRED AND EIGHTEEN

3. A) SIXTY B) SIXTEEN C) TEN D) THIRY SIX E) SEVENTY THREE

EVEN AND ODD NUMBERS 1. A) ODD B) ODD C) EVEN D) ODD E) EVEN F) EVEN

2. A) EVEN B) ODD C) ODD D) EVEN E) ODD

3. A) 71/ODD B) 54/EVEN C) 36/EVEN D) 99/ODD E. 324/EVEN

PRIME AND COMPOSITE NUMBERS 1. A) PRIME B) PRIME C) COMPOSITE D) COMPOSITE E) COMPOSITE

2. 53, 59, 61, 67

3. 38, 39, 40, 42

4. A) 19/PRIME B) 30/COMPOSITE C) 36/COMPOSITE D) 31/PRIME 97/PRIME

PERCENTAGES 1. A) 50% B) 80% C) 55% D) 76% E) 30%

2. A) 8/20 B) 5/20 C) 3/4 D) 6/30 E) 9/15

3. A) (12/15) 80% B) (8/10) 80% C) (16/20) 80%

DECIMALS 1. A) 0.14 B) 0.03 C) 0.9 D) 0.005 E) 0.07 F) 0.036

2. A) 0.008, 0.091, 0.34, 0.5 B) 0.001, 0,01, 0.1, 0.11 C) 1.008, 1.026, 1.030, 1.10 D) 0.89, 0.901, 1.03, 1.5

3. A) 2.902 B) 0.555 C) 0.126

4. A) 1.545 B) 0.150

TIME CLOCK 2. A) 15 – 53 – 32 B) 13 – 3 – 3

3. A) 4 – 12 – 26 B) 1 – 59 – 8

4. A) SIX O’CLOCK B) THREE THIRTY C) ON 8 D) ON 3 E) ON 12 F) ON 12

AVERAGE 1. A) 5 B) 15 C) 9 D) 30 E) 355

2. A) 7 B) 9 C) 4 D) 72 45

3. 2

A) 30CMS

UNDERSTANDING FRACTIONS 1. THE WHOLE IS BROKEN INTO TWO PARTS (1/2)

2. THE WHOLE IS BROKEN INTO FOUR PARTS (1/4)

3. THE WHOLE IS BROKEN INTO EIGHT PARTS (3/8)

FRACTION TYPES 1. A) 2/3 B) 1/3 C) 2/3 D) 1/2

2. A) 31/2 B) 41/3 C) 34/5 D) 61/2

3. A) 14/3 B) 9/5 C) 23/4 D) 15/2

4. A) 3/4 B) 21/5 C) 83/5

ADDING FRACTIONS 1. A) 2/3 B) 4/5 C) 6/7 D) 12/15

2. A) 53/4 B) 93/5 C) 147/9 D) 151/4

3. A) 32/3 B) 32/5 C) 41/2 D) 4

SUBTRACTING FRACTIONS 1. A) 1/2 B) 3/11 C) 2/7 D) 6/19

2. A) 2/5 B) 2/3 C) 21/3 D) 34/5

3. A) 1/20 B) 1/3 C) 1/14 D) 5/12

MULTIPLYING FRACTIONS 1. A) 11/2 B) 21/28 C) 12/18 D) 11/4

2. A) 11/3 B) 21/4

3. A) 6 B) 20 C) 4 D) 6 INCHES

DIVIDING FRACTIONS 1. A) 6 B) 8/3 C) 10 D) 3

2. A) 16 B) 4 C) 35 D) 6 E) 2 F) 12 SHAPES

1. A) #3 B) #2 C) #1 D) #4

2. A) TRIANGLE B) RECTANGLE/SQUARE C) SQUARE/RECTANGLE

3. A) RECTANGLE B) PARALLELOGRAM C) TRIANGLE D) SQUARE

ANGLES 1. A) ACUTE B) REFLEX C) ACUTE D) OBTUSE E) RIGHT F) STRAIGHT G) OBTUSE

2A)

(OBTUSE ANGLE)

(REFLEX ANGLE) C) (ACUTE ANGLE)

3. A) ACUTE B) RIGHT C) OBTUSE

PERIMETER AND CIRCUMFERENCE 1. A) 20 CMS B) 8 CMS C) 7 CMS D) 11 CMS E) 4 CMS F (i) 10 CMS (ii) 5 CMS

3. A) 10 CMS B) 16 CMS C) 9 CMS

AREA 1. 2 2 2 2 A) 72 MS B) 8 MS C) 20 CMS D) 6 CMS 2 MS E) 15 CMS

2. 2 2 A) 20 CMS B) 24 CMS

VOLUME 1. 3 3 A) 56 CMS B) 27 CMS C) 3 CMS D) 10 CMS

2. 3 3 3 3 3 A) 12 CMS B) 72 CMS C) 24 CMS

3. A) 48 CMS B) 27 CMS

REVIEW TESTS

TEST ONE ENGLISH TENSES: 1. In the space provided, write out the name of the tense in which the sentence is written. 1. There is a light in the room. _____________________ 2. None of the children will attend the match.

_____________________

3. They were dancing to the lovely calypso music.

_____________________

4. I smile everyday of the week.

_____________________

5. My dad drove through the heavy rain to get home early. _____________________ B. Rewrite the following sentences in the PRESENT TENSE. 6. Someone will write the song for me to sing. ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Everybody rushed to the gate in response to the alarm. ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. The policeman did a good job of keeping us quiet. ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. The wind blew with great force. _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. I will be late for school. ______________________________________________________________________________ C. Rewrite the following sentences in the PAST TENSE. 11. She is the best singer in the group. ______________________________________________________________________________ 12. We will work hard for the victory. ______________________________________________________________________________ 13. Nobody does these exercises better than Tre. ______________________________________________________________________________

14.

They are singing the National Anthem before the start of the match.

______________________________________________________________________________ 15. These boys always try to give of their best. ______________________________________________________________________________ COMPREHENSION Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Sometimes it rains so heavily that our school must stay closed, stores cannot open, the roads flood and people are unable to make it to work. The rain may cause the problems, but grass becomes green, flowers bloom and food grows. The farmers, shop owners and all those who cook have choices. This makes them all very happy. As one who loves sports, I am sometimes happy and sometimes sad. Rain makes it muddy and football becomes more interesting; it leaves basketball and volleyball to their indoor satisfaction, but it gives a heavy lash to cricket that cannot be played. That hurts the most! 16) What is given as a reason for problems noted in the passage? a) outdoor games

b) flooded roads

c) no school

d) heavy rainfall

17) Which of the following is NOT shown as a result of heavy rainfall a) people missing work

b) basketball playing indoors

c) flowers blooming

d) stores remaining closed

18) What does the writer say makes him sad? a) school remaining closed

b) food growing

c) football being played in mud

d) cricket not being able to be played

19) What part of speech is the word “heavily” as it is used in the passage? a) verb

b) adverb

c) adjective

d) noun

20) What would be the best title for the passage? a) The Good and Bad of heavy rainfall

b) The rain helps farmers and cooks

c) The rain, flooding and no school

d) The rain hurts some sports not others

SENTENCES A. In the space provided, write the word “SENTENCE” or “PHRASE” to correctly identify each of the following groups of words. 21. a lovely bunch of bananas was on the tree ________________________ 22.

no one but you can match this success

________________________

23.

there on the table with the fork next to it

________________________

24.

someone was sure to take over the group

________________________

25. here they come ________________________ B. In each of the following sentences, select the verb and write it in the space provided. 26. Those flowers look very lovely and inviting. ________________________ 27.

Many children travel on our buses every day.

________________________

28.

Where is the attractive and expensive piece of furniture? ________________________

29.

They, despite the warnings, arrived late for school.

________________________

30. Hello! I am here for the test. ________________________ COMMAS Rewrite the following sentences and put in the missing comma from each. 31.

We reached home late but we did not get punished.

______________________________________________________________________________ 32. My friends my teammates and my coach were very pleased with me. ______________________________________________________________________________ 33. Sean why are you choosing to sit on that wet rock? ______________________________________________________________________________ 34.

The children gathered at the gate and then they started the cross country race.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 35. If only they had thought first they would never have done this deed. _____________________________________________________________________________

CAPITAL LETTERS Put in the missing capital letters in the following passage. (36 – 40) Every year my parents allow me to have my friends spend a day at our home. this happens on my birthday. We always begin the day with a prayer to god. We do this to show our thanks to him. My sister, june and her friend the doctor worry about us getting hurt, but i do not. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT Fill in the blank space with the correct word from the brackets. 41. The boys always ___________________ (prefer/prefers) Maths to English. 42. Everyone ________________ (is/are) at school today. 43. Mary and Simone _________________ (dance/dances) for the group 44. He ______________ (try/tries) to do a good deed every day. 45. All of the children ________________ (speak/speaks) very well. COMPREHENSION Auntie Jean’s home in Brooklyn was heaven to young Damon. It was full of all the goodies he had always dreamed of. Every day he visited the fridge and was never disappointed. There was plenty of ice cream, fruit, juice and as many sweets as he could ever eat. He had never seen so many of his favourite foods in one place before.

When he could not eat any more he took a seat in front of the television. He was able to switch from sports to movies, to game shows to cartoons. Cartoons, oh did he love them! Auntie Jean knew how to spend an evening. She and young Damon went shopping every evening. The problem for Damon was deciding what to get. There were so many lovely things to buy. At the end of his two weeks in heaven though, he was well stocked with new clothes, toys and games. When Damon stepped on to the plane to return home after his vacation stay, he was both happy and sad. He had got the best of everything. He felt though, that one, two or even three weeks more would never have been long enough for a visit to heaven. Now answer the following questions that are about the passage you just read. 46. Why was Damon at Auntie Jean’s house? Damon was at Auntie Jean’s house because he _______________________________________ 47. What were three things Damon did while in Brooklyn? While in Brooklyn, Damon________________________________________________________ 48. Why did Damon call Auntie Jean’s house heaven? Damon called Auntie Jean’s house heaven because____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 49. Write out the sentence that tells you that Damon really enjoyed himself. The sentence that tells you Damon really enjoyed himself__________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 50. What is the part of speech of the word “lovely” as it is used in the passage? The part of speech of the word “lovely” as it is used in the passage_______________________

MATHEMATICS SIGNS AND FUNCTIONS A) Give answers for each of the following. 1.

2. 63 -‐

___________ ___________

3. 11 x 4 =

___________

4. 39 ÷ 3 =

___________

5. (5 + 2) x (8 -‐ 4) =

___________

B) Fill in the correct sign from the following list to complete each calculation.

6. 42

______

7. 15

______

8. 4 + 3

______

9. 7 -‐ 7

______

10. 2 + 9

______

PLACE VALUE Use the following number to answer questions 11 – 15.

263

11. What is the value of 2?

________________________

12. What is the place value of 3?

________________________

13. Which number is in the hundreds position?

________________________

14. Which number is in the units position?

________________________

15. What is the place value of 6?

________________________

WORDS AND NUMBERS Write out in words the name for the value of each of the following. 16. 23

____________________________________

17. 15

____________________________________

18. 62 + 36

____________________________________

19. 20 x 6

____________________________________

20. 83 + 75 ____________________________________ ODD AND EVEN NUMBERS Identify which of the following values is ODD and which is EVEN. 21. 21 x 4

____________________________________

22. 8 + 9

____________________________________

23. 19 + 12

____________________________________

24. 26 -‐ 11

____________________________________

25. 33 ÷ 3 ____________________________________ UNDERSTANDING FRACTIONS Reduce the following fractions to their lowest terms 26. 7/2 ____________________________________ 27. 15/4

____________________________________

28. 5/15

____________________________________

29. ten eighths

____________________________________

30. seventeen fourths ____________________________________ ADDING FRACTIONS Add the following fractions. Give the answers in the lowest terms. 31. 2/5 + 4/5 ____________________________________ 32. 1/7 + 5/7

____________________________________

33. 31/4 + 23/4

____________________________________

34. 11/3 + 42/3

____________________________________

35. 7/4 + 5/4

____________________________________

SHAPES Give the correct answer for each of the following questions. 36. There is a shape with three internal angles, what is its name? ________________________ 37. There is a shape with the length having the same value as the width, what is its name?

________________________

38. If a shape has two angles that add up to 180 degrees, what is the sum of the other two angles?

________________________

39. Name of the shape that has four angles with the opposite angles being equal but different from the other two?

_______________________

40. What is the value of the angles within a triangle? ANGLES Give the name for each angle described here. 41. I have a value of 79 degrees.

________________________

42. There are four of me within a square

________________________

43. I am larger than a straight angle but less than 360 degrees. ________________________ 44. I have a value of 127 degrees.

45. I have the same value as two right angles. PERIMETER AND CIRCUMFERENCE Give the correct answer for each of the following questions. 46. What is the perimeter of a square with a width of 4cms?

________________________ ________________________

_______________________

47. What is the perimeter of a shape 3cms wide and 6cms long? _______________________ 48. What is the perimeter of a triangle with a base 5cms and sides of 7cms each?

_______________________

49. If the length from the middle of a circle to its edge is 6cms, what is its diameter?

_______________________

50. In the shot putt circle at the stadium, the distance from one edge to the next is ten metres. What is its radius?

_______________________

TEST TWO ENGLISH COMPREHENSION Claire opened her lungs to and breathed in as much of the bajan August air as they would allow. After many years, she was finally living her dream. She had always wanted to experience Crop Over. It was the one National festival she had never been a part of. In her country, Jamaica, she had seen many Sunsplash concerts. She had even seen Carnival in Trinidad and in Antigua, but she had never seen Crop Over in all of her eleven years. She was ready for all of the good things Crop Over had to offer. She was dressed in shorts and sneakers. These would be perfect for dancing. She had her camera to capture all the colour and beauty. She had almost forgotten it, but had brought her radio so as not to miss any of the new songs that she was sure to hear or any of the funny or ugly moments. Yes, Claire was ready alright. She had even brought along her parents, and she had planned to stay close by them so that they would not get lost. Answer the following questions that about the passage you have just read. 1. ”Living her dream” means the same as a) Living while sleeping b) Doing what she had always wanted to do c) Living only at night d) Enjoying everything she wanted in a dream 2. The writer suggests that the lungs are used for a) Breathing in only August air b) Living a dream c) Opening wide d) Taking in air 3. Which of the following is NOT said to be a festival? a) Crop Over b) National c) Sunsplash d) Carnival 4. Which of the following lines could be seen as an attempt at humour? a) So that they would not get lost b) She had brought along her parents c) She had almost forgot it d) These would be perfect for dancing 5. Which of the following words is used as an adjective in the passage? a) finally b) always c) ugly d) almost

COUNTABLE AND NON-‐COUNTABLE TERMS Fill in the blank space with the correct word from the brackets. 6.

We were glad that __________________ (less/fewer) people had come.

7. There were _________________ (much/many) different noises coming from the crowd. 8. The passenger had too __________________ (much/many) bags. 9. The market was filled with a large __________________ (amount/number) of tourists. 10.

There are ________________ (less/fewer) jumpers on the team this year.

PREPOSITIONS Write out the preposition found in each of the sentences. 11.

The dove always sits on the tree branch.

12.

______________________

We had to swim under the newly built bridge.

______________________

13.

I helped the old lady across the crowded street.

______________________

14.

We all ran through the heavy rainfall.

______________________

15. No one was able to jump over the bar. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Write out the correct form of the word in brackets that best completes the sentence 16.

Who is the _________________ (bright) boy in your class?

17.

Today is the _______________ (happy) did of the week.

18.

Are you really a ________________ (good) player than Norman?

19.

Outside is _________________________ (beautiful) than it was yesterday.

20.

The old man moves _____________________ (slowly) every day.

END PUNCTUATION Put in the correct punctuation mark from the list provided to complete each sentence.

21.

Stop the talking, please

22.

I asked you to sit and listen to the speaker

23.

The window has been broken

24.

Do you know the answer

25.

This is not right, is it

INTERNAL PUNCTUATION (26 – 30) Rewrite the following passage and put in the five missing punctuation marks. I love to go to the beach where I can swim run on the sand and play. There isnt a day in the vacation that we dont go to our favourite beach. It is even more fun if we have my brothers new fishing rod. I can hear him now, Let us hit the beach.” ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT Pick out the subject of each of the following sentences. 31.

Does he always wear that colour shirt?

__________________

32.

Everyone of the mangoes was ripening.

__________________

33.

Keith and his brother visited me in the hospital.

__________________

34.

Although we saw it coming, we were unable to move.

__________________

35.

Wait, shouted the boys to avoid them getting hurt!

__________________

COMPREHENSION

THE WAY HOME My Lord is in His castle, My Lord is on His throne And if I only listen, His, will be my home Oh I toil and sweat and struggle, For goals I set for me; I plan and work unceasing, For fruits I never see; His food of peace and comfort, Is left outside my heart. With loud and angry voices, I make these daily choices, While choosing not to pray, Nor hear what He has to say. I labour in such turmoil, Ignoring His cleansing foil. I seek gifts from those around me, Their needs I never see; Their pain and grief and suffering, I pass without correcting. His words and acts of service, My life must pledge to this. 36.

What must the writer do to become part of the Lord’s family?

To become part of the Lord’s family the writer________________________________________ 37.

Give two lines that suggest that the writer is a hard worker.

The two lines that suggest________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 38.

What is mentioned in the poem that suggests the writer may be selfish?

The writer makes the statement that________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

39.

Give one word from the poem that means the same as “promise.”

The word in the poem that________________________________________________________ 40.

Explain why the words “He” and “His” in the poem each begins with a capital letter.

The words “He” and “His” each begins with a capital letter______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

MATHEMATICS PERCENTAGES Change each of the following into percentages and write the answer in the space provided. 1.

14/20

_______________________

6/15

_______________________

19/25

_______________________

Select the fraction that shows the higher percentage and write its percentage in the space. 4.

6/10,

8/20

_______________________

8/12

15/25

_______________________

Fill in the space to change the following percentages into the correct fraction. 6.

48%

___/25

95%

19/____

DECIMALS Change the following fractions to the correct decimals and write the answer in the space. 8.

5/10

________________

8/100

________________

10.

53/1000

________________

Rewrite the following decimals with the smallest in value coming first 11.

0.5

0.055

0.55

_____________________________

12.

1.36

0.85

1.04

_____________________________

Add the following decimals and put the answer in the space provided. 13.

1.32 + 2.14 + 1.51

_____________________________

14.

0.51 + 0.43 + 0.27

_____________________________

Subtract the following decimals and put the answer in the space provided. 15.

1.44

-‐

0.32

_____________________________

16.

1.51

-‐

0.84

_____________________________

TIME CLOCK 17.

Draw a circle to represent the face of a clock and put in the lines and numbers to show fifteen (15) minutes past four o’clock

Add the following: 18.

Hrs.

Mins.

Secs 19.

Hrs.

Mins.

Secs

20.

Subtract the following:

Hrs

Mins

Secs

AVERAGE Answer each of the following questions. 21.

The Goal Shoot on our netball team had scores of 12, 15, 9, 22 and 17. What was her average number of points for those games? ________________________

22.

During the past six (6) years, the number of accidents on the road was 59 in 2005, 84 in 2006, 90 in 2007, 55 in 2008, 100 in 2009, 62 in 2010. What was the average number of accidents for those years? ________________________

23.

If the average was 12 and the number of marks was 6. What was the total from which the average was found? ________________________

24.

If I have a sum total of 90 runs from three innings what is my average? ______________

25.

If the total is 45 and the average is 5, how many number of events were there? _______

FRACTIONS Subtract each of the following fractions and give the answers in the lowest terms. 26. 27. 28. 29.

4 5 5 9 3 2 7 4

-‐ -‐ -‐ -‐

2 5 4 9 1 2 3 4

______________

30.

-‐

______________

2 4 31. 2 -‐ 1 = ______________ 3 5 Answer each of the following questions. 32. 33. 34.

On one rainy day, of the fifteen (15) children in my class 1/3 of them were absent. How many children were absent? __________________ Twelve (12) boys from my school entered a swimming race. 3/4 of them finished the race. How many did NOT finish? __________________ There were twenty four (24) roses in a vase. My mom took out 1/3. How many roses were left in the vase? __________________

Divide the following fractions and give the answers in the lowest terms 35.

__________________

36.

1 2

2 1 4

__________________

AREA AND VOLUME Use the following shape to answer each of the following questions.

4CMS

37.

What is the width of the square shown above?

___________________

38.

What is the area of the shape?

___________________

39.

A triangle has sides of 6cms each and a height of 7cms. What is its area?

___________________ 40. I have a chocolate bar that is square in shape with a length of 3cm and a depth also of 3cms. What is its volume?

ANSWERS

SAMPLE TEST ONE ENGLISH TENSES 1. PRESENT 2. FUTURE 3. PAST 4. PRESENT 5. PAST 6. Someone writes the song for me. 7. Everybody rushes to the gate in response to the alarm. 8. The policeman does a good job of keeping us quiet. 9. The wind blows with great force. 10. I am late for school. 11. She was the best singer in the group. 12. We worked hard for the victory. 13. Nobody did these exercises better than Tre. 14. They were singing the National Anthem before the start of the match. 15. The boys always tried to give of their best. COMPREHENSION 16. D. 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. A SENTENCES 21. SENTENCE 22. SENTENCE 23. PHRASE 24. SENTENCE 25. SENTENCE 26. LOOK 27. TRAVEL 28 IS 29. ARRIVED 30. AM COMMAS 31. We reached home late, but we did not get punished. 32. My friends, my teammates and my coach were very pleased with me. 33. Sean, why are you choosing to sit on that wet rock? 34. The children gathered at the gate, and then they started the cross country race. 35. If only they had thought first, they would never have done this deed. CAPITAL LETTERS (36-‐40) Every year my parents allow me to have my friends spend a day at our home. This happens on my birthday. We always begin the day with a prayer to God. We do this to show our thanks to Him. My sister, June and her friend the doctor worry about us getting hurt, but I do not. SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT 41. PREFER 42. IS 43. DANCE 44. TRIES 45. SPEAK COMPREHENSION 46. Damon was at Auntie Jean’s house spending a vacation. 47. While in Brooklyn, Damon ate a lot, watched television and went shopping. 48. Damon called Auntie Jean’s house heaven because it had everything he had always wanted. 49. The sentence that tells you Damon really enjoyed himself was, “He felt though… for a visit to heaven.” 50. The part of speech of the word “lovely” as it is used in the passage is Adjective.

MATHEMATICS SIGNS AND FUNCTIONS 1. 57 2. 45 3. 44 6. > 7. > 8. < PLACE VALUE 11. 200 12. ONES 13. 2 WORDS AND NUMBERS 16. TWENTY THREE 17. FIFTEEN 18. NINETY EIGHT 19. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY 20. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY EIGHT ODD AND EVEN NUMBERS 21. EVEN 22. ODD 23. ODD 24. ODD 25. ODD UNDERSTANDING FRACTIONS

27.

31/2 33/4

28.

1/3

29.

11/4 41/4

26.

30.

4. 9.

13 =

5. 10.

28 >

14.

15.

TENS

ADDING FRACTIONS 31.

11/5

32. 6/7 33. 6 34. 6 35. 3 SHAPES 36. TRIANGLE 37. SQUARE 38. 180 DEGREES 39. RECTANGLE 40. 180 DEGREES ANGLES 41. ACUTE 42, RIGHT 43. REFLEX 44. OBTUSE 45. STRAIGHT PERIMETER AND CIRCUMFERENCE 46. 16 CMS 47. 18 CMS 48. 19 CMS 49. 12 CMS 50. 5 METRES

ENGLISH

SAMPLE TEST TWO

COMPREHENSION 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C COUNTABLE AND NON-‐COUNTABLE 6. FEWER 7. MANY 8. MANY 9. NUMBER 10. FEWER PREPOSITIONS 11. ON 12. UNDER 13. ACROSS 14. THROUGH 15. OVER ADJECTIVES 16. BRIGHTEST 17. HAPPIEST 18. BETTER 19. MORE BEAUTIFUL 20. MORE LOVELY END PUNCTUATION 21. Stop the talking, please! 22. I asked you to sit and listen to the speaker. 23. The window has been broken. 24. Do you know the answer? 25. This is not right, is it? INTERNAL PUNCTUATION (26 – 30) I love to go to the beach where I can swim, run on the sand and play. There isn’t a day in the vacation that we don’t go to our favourite beach. It is even more fun if we have my brother’s new fishing rod. I can hear him now, “Let us hit the beach.” SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT 31. HE 32. EVERYONE 33. KEITH AND HIS BROTHERS 34. WE 35. THEY COMPREHENSION 36. To become part of the Lord’s family, the writer has to listen. 37. The two lines that suggest that the writer is a hard worker are “Oh I toil and sweat and struggle. I plan and work unceasing. (l labour in such turmoil). 38. The writer makes the statement that he gifts for himself without seeing others’ needs. This suggests that he may be selfish. 39. The word in the poem that means the same as “promise” is “pledge.” 40. The words “He” and “His” each begins with a capital letter because they are pronouns that refer to God.

MATHEMATICS PERCENTAGES 1. 70% 2. 40% 3. 6. 12 7. 20 DECIMALS 8. 0.50 9. 0.08 11. 0.055 0.5 0.55 12. 0.85 1.04 1.36 13. 4.97 14. 1.21 15 1.12 16. 0.67 TIME CLOCK (17) 18. 6HRS 40MINS 28SECS 19. 9HRS 59MINS 1SEC 20 1HR 56MINS 3SECS AVERAGE 21. 15 22. 75 23. FRACTIONS 26.

2/5

27.

32. 5 33. 35. 10 36. AREA AND VOLUME 37. 4CMS 2 38. 16CMS 2 39. 21CMS 3 40. 27CMS

76%

(6/10) 60%

(8/12) 67%

10.

0.053

24.

25.

29.

30.

13/4

1/9

28.

3 2

34.

31.

7/15