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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD DEDICATION ACKNOLWEDGEMENT GRAMMAR • Tenses • Sentences • The Comma • The Capital Letter • Subject and Verb Agreement • Countable and Non-‐Countable Nouns • Prepositions • Adjectives and Adverbs • End Punctuation • Internal Punctuation COMPREHENSION AND ADDITIONAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORT ENGLISH AND COMPREHENSION ANSWERS BASIC MATHEMATICS Signs and Functions • Place Value • Words and Numbers • Even and Odd Numbers • Prime and Composite Numbers • Percentages • Decimals` • Time Clock • Average FRACTIONS • Understanding Fractions • Fraction Types • Adding Fractions • Subtracting Fractions • Multiplying Fractions • Dividing Fractions GEOMETRY • Shapes • Angles • Perimeter and Circumference • Area • Volume MATHEMATICS ANSWERS REVIEW TESTS ANSWERS
DEDICATION To this yet unborn child who will call me Grandad, I produce this effort to give you support along your educational path. You have already been an inspiration to me! To my mom who gave me more than any mother should be expected to give, especially when you had so little. I give my eternal thanks and appreciation for your love and support over the years! To you young students who believe that your technology games are more important than Grammar and Maths, I hope the friendliness of this text will help you to rethink your views.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish, in these simple words, to acknowledge the life and work of our dearly departed former Prime Minister, The Hon. David Thompson. To me, he was a true champion whose light dimmed just too soon! I am honoured to have known you! A CRY FOR DAVID Time, why did you speak? Love though strong fell to its feet! You reached wide and touched all, But so suddenly you had to fall. Now, with a weighted heart we sinkingly cry David, David, Why? Oh David, David, why? Like the creeping magic of the morning sun And the orange glow on the evening ocean, Oh so temporary lives the morning dew! So short was the time we had with you! No time for the burning wish to offer, Not even enough to pass the gift of laughter. David, David, Why? Oh David, David, why? As the sea lashes from Nassau to Berbice Thoughts of you bring such lasting peace. Our hands reach out to build this firm bond, We’ll not panic, as we stand as one. We’ll work together for love of our country ; For you, this must be the lasting memory. David, David, Why? Oh David, David, why? I saw the youth, their innocence spoke your truth; I saw the old, they allowed your love to unfold; The years were few, but what a fresh wind they blew; Even those that were foe, much goodness came to know. You felt the hurt of those who struggled in dirt; You cushioned the fall to see the rise of us all. David, David Why? Oh David, David, why? As a nation, you we claim for all As a parish, you answered our every call As a family, you were the rock on which we stood At every call, for us you did all that you could Now here we stand in this empty land Since you were moved by God’s knowing hand; And as you smile, knowing how He is Our love for you, be assured it lives! But David, David, Why? Oh David, David, why?
GRAMMAR TENSES In life, things happen, are done and are said. On every occasion, they are reported or told in different ways, but always in terms of time. The different times are known in grammar as tenses. Sometimes we talk about things that happened some time ago (maybe a minute, a day, a week, a month, a year or even longer ago). This time or tense is known as the PAST TENSE. In writing this tense, the letters –d or –ed are usually added to the verb. We may also use “was or were” as the verb. EXAMPLE: 1. The boys played cricket yesterday. 2. The poem was written two hundred years ago. 3. My mother baked a lovely cake last Christmas. At other times we speak about what is happening at that moment or what we can see, feel, hear, smell or other such things. This time is also known as the PRESENT TENSE. In writing this tense, the verb is usually rewritten in its pure form, but we can sometimes add “is, am, or are” before the verb and add – ing to the end of the verb. EXAMPLE: 1. I love to watch the sun set. 2. The girls are reading the newspaper. 3. Today is Wednesday. There are times when we think and talk about things that we would like to see happen or expect to happen sometime later. This time that we look forward to is called the FUTURE TENSE. In writing this tense, the words will or shall must always be used. EXAMPLE: 1. I will finish my homework on time. 2. I shall not forget this day. 3. Our family will spend a vacation in New York.
EXERCISE 1. Fill in the blank spaces to complete the passage. There are some people who spend all of their time remembering what they did when they were a little younger than what they are now. These people are always thinking in the __________________ tense. There are other people who can only think of what they see in front of them or what they sense at that moment in time. These people are always thinking in the ______________________ tense. There are some other people who love to dream and think only of what tomorrow or next year or many years later has to offer them. These people are always thinking in the ___________________ tense. 2. Write the tense that correctly identifies that found in the sentence. a) We love to play sports and sing good songs. b) There were many lovely fruits at the show. c) None of the children entered the competition. d) Each of us will receive the prize we deserve. e) My father prepared my lunch this morning. 3. Rewrite the following sentences in the PAST TENSE.
________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________
a) I live in the best parish in the country. _________________________________________ b) The gardener will plant this tree._____________________________________________ c) Our friends are doing good work._____________________________________________ d) None of us is hungry._______________________________________________________ e) She always dances well.____________________________________________________
SENTENCES Sentences are the most common way of expressing ourselves in speaking and in writing. Every sentence is made up of a subject and a predicate. The SUBJECT is the doer of the action and is always a NOUN or a PRONOUN. EXAMPLE: a) b) c) d)
The boy rode the bicycle. Most teachers show great love. One can never be sure. We always stand for the anthem.
(The boy does the action and is the subject) (Most teachers do the action and is the subject) (One does the action and is the subject) (We does the action and is the subject)
The PREDICATE is the action and must include a VERB. EXAMPLE: a) The boy rode the bicycle. (rode the bicycle is the action and the predicate) b) Most teachers show great love. (show great love is the action and the predicate) c) We always stand for the anthem. (always stand for the anthem is the action and the predicate) The sentence must always begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark (these are the three forms of end punctuation) EXAMPLE: a) Are the boys going to the cinema? b) Children, please stop that at once! c) I question everything that I do not understand. The SENTENCE that must have a subject and a verb should never be confused with the PHRASE that has only one of the two parts and does not need to begin with a capital letter or end with the noted forms of punctuation. The phrase usually makes little or no sense. EXAMPLE: a) The play will soon begin. (Sentence). will begin soon (Phrase) b) Today is my birthday. (Sentence). today my birthday (Phrase)
EXERCISE A.
Select the subject of each of the following sentences and write it down on the space provided.
1. 2. 3. 4.
The horses ran a very good race today. ____________________________ Boys never like being told to stay indoors. ____________________________ This table and that chair belong in our class. ____________________________ Are you going home this afternoon? ____________________________ 5. The girls from the team performed well. ____________________________ B.
Underline the verb of each of the following sentences. In some sentences, there may be more than one verb.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Most of the people from the village work in the sugar cane fields. No one who made the dance team is here today. The organist performed quite well at the show. Why were you late for school today? 5. Please remember the time of your appointment!
C. Rewrite the following word groups, provide the correct punctuation and say which is a SENTENCE and which is a PHRASE.
1. everyone and no one at the same time ____________________________________________________ 2. the many lovely and decent students of the school ____________________________________________________ 3. there were many of us at the school fair. ____________________________________________________ 4. children from the church and those from the school together ____________________________________________________ 5. some of the winds blew in a circular fashion ____________________________________________________
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THE COMMA There are FOUR (4) main uses of the comma in grammar. The comma is used to separate: •
Items given in a list. Ex:
We bought apples, oranges, bananas and mangoes.
•
Words or word groups such as phrases and sentences. Ex:
a)
The meal was tasty, very attractive and nutritious.
b)
The girls play netball, but the boys prefer cricket.
• The subject of address (the person to whom one is speaking) from what is said to him/her. Ex:
a)
Sir, may I have permission to leave the class?
b)
Today we will do Mathematics, class.
• Direct speech from indirect speech within a sentence. Ex:
a)
My mother said, “I will collect your friends this afternoon.”
b)
“Yesterday,” said the teacher, “your behaviour was very good.”
(If the quotation is broken, the comma must be used before and after the break)
EXERCISE 1. Rewrite the following sentences and place a comma or commas in the correct place. a) Sir will we be attending the show at the Olympus? ________________________________________________________________________ b) We were all invited but only three of us were able to go to the game. ________________________________________________________________________ c) I was there began the student but I did not see the fight. ________________________________________________________________________ d) Many of the children came and the fair was a very good success. ________________________________________________________________________ e) I have my pencil notepad eraser and dictionary in preparation for the test. ________________________________________________________________________
2. Write five sentences of your own in which you correctly use at least one comma. a) ________________________________________________________________________ b) ________________________________________________________________________ c) ________________________________________________________________________ d) ________________________________________________________________________ e) ________________________________________________________________________
THE CAPITAL LETTER The Capital Letter has FIVE (5) main uses: The Capital Letter is used to: •
To begin all complete sentences Ex:
Swimming is my favourite hobby.
•
To begin all proper nouns (specific names and titles) Ex:
a)
I always try to run faster than Joshua.
b) My father told me about the movie To Sir With Love. • To begin all names that represent God or Jesus
Ex:
a)
There is no one more special than the Lord.
b)
I was told to always go to the Father in prayer.
•
•
To begin all pronouns that refer to God or Jesus. Ex: God always shows love to His children. To write the letter “I” when it stands on its own. Ex: They came to see me, but I was not at home.
EXERCISE 1. Here is a short passage from which ten (10) capital letters are missing. Rewrite the passage and placing the capital letters in the correct places. there was a fire at the church in the north of the island. it burned for more than an hour and resulted in the house of the lord being totally destroyed. the pastor, whose name was father jones could only nod his head and prayer while my friends and i tried everything to keep ourselves away from the heat. our parents were sure that our almighty knew that his house would be replaced with something much better. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
2. Write a short passage of your own in which you use ten (10) capital letters. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
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SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT Every sentence must carry a subject and a verb. These must always agree with each other. The subject and the verb must agree in a) Number (Singular and Plural) A singular subject (one) must carry a singular verb. A plural subject (more than one) must carry a plural verb.
b) Person The Speaker (I and We) The One Spoken to (You) The One Spoken about (He, She, It, They) c) A verb in the third person singular (the one spoken about) must carry an “s” at the end. Ex: The girl loves to read a good book. He drives much too quickly.
EXERCISE
1. Fill in the blank space in each of the following sentences with the correct verb from brackets. a) Why ____________ (is/are) you not doing your work at this time? b) Our leader always ____________ (try/tries) to protect our country. c) The girl and the boy ___________ (was/were) playing in the park. d) ______________ (Do/Does) he know the difference between sea and see? e) Her friend ________________ (has/have) never done her a wrong.
2. Read the following sentences. Identify which has the correct subject and verb agreement and which does not by writing CORRECT or INCORRECT in the space provided. a) The new ball bowler (seem/seems) to be performing quite well. __________________________ b) The orchard of trees (is/are) filled with exotic plants. c) One of my friends (visit/visits) his old school every week.
__________________________
d) There (is/are) a number of young people on the block. e) Now (come/comes) the band from the visiting school.
__________________________
__________________________
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3. Use the following words to write your sentences with correct agreement. “leaves, have,
was, run”
a) ________________________________________________________________________ b) ________________________________________________________________________ c) ________________________________________________________________________
d) ________________________________________________________________________
COUNTABLE AND NON-‐COUNTABLE NOUNS All nouns are either countable or non-‐countable. Countable nouns are those that can be placed in two different numbers: • Singular • Plural Ex: bus buses chair chairs Non-‐countable nouns are those that cannot be divided into the different numbers. These nouns represent a volume of a collection. Ex: traffic, furniture, water In grammar, it is sometimes necessary to describe these words. Countable and non-‐countable words carry different descriptive words that cannot be interchanged: Ex: amount number much many less fewer There are two simple rules to follow when describing countable and non-‐countable words.
• •
The words “number, many and fewer” can only be used to describe countable nouns. The words “amount, much and less” can only be used to describe non-‐countable nouns.
EXERCISE 1. Fill in the blank spaces with the correct word from the brackets. a) Some shoppers by __________________ (many/much) different types of vegetables. b) We have never had to compete with so _______________ (many/much) animals before. c) The children worked hard to raise the required ________________ (amount/number) of money for the tour. d) The organizers were forced to take _______________ (less/fewer) players than they had originally planned. e) My mother rewarded my efforts by giving me _______________(less/fewer) chores. f) The young farmer had an unusual _______________ (amount/number) of sheep. g) No one was able to guess how _______________(many/much) water was in the pool. h) ___________________ (Less/Fewer) sponsors responded than one had expected.
2. State whether or not the descriptive word is used correctly or incorrectly by writing CORRECT or INCORRECT in the space provided.
a) All children enter the world with much talents. b) No one has as many successes as my hero. c) Why did you not collect a greater amount of dollars? d) We have seen less talent in her than in her sister. e) Her family has less talented performers than my family. f) We struggled to the airport with a greater number of luggage. g) There is fewer grass on the pitch these days. h) I hate the amount of people packed into the bus.
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________
PREPOSITIONS Prepositions are parts of speech that show the link or relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. Ex:
•
I walked through the rain.
•
(The preposition, “through” shows the relationship between “walked” and the noun “rain”). They drove behind me for more than three miles.
(The preposition “behind” shows the relationship between “drove” and the pronoun “me”). •
Let us share the fruits among us. (The preposition “among” shows the relationship between “share” and the pronoun “us).
Sometimes, prepositions are often confused with adverbs. There are three rules to follow if this is to be avoided.
•
Adverbs are words that describe or explain verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.
Ex:
The frightened student slowly entered the room. (The word “slowly” tells how the action (verb) is done and is therefore an adverb. Adverbs always show the relationship between a noun and another word in the sentence. The frightened student walked into the room. (The word “into” says how the noun (room) relates to the action walked and is therefore a preposition) • Whenever the questions “Who” or “What” are asked AFTER the word in question and the answer is a noun or a pronoun, that word is an preposition. •
EXERCISE 1. Draw five pictures showing a relationship between a noun and another object in the picture. Write a sentence after each picture, using a preposition to show the relationship.
a) ______________________________________________________________________________ b) ______________________________________________________________________________ c) ______________________________________________________________________________ d) ______________________________________________________________________________ e) ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. In each of the following sentences, say whether the underlined word is an adverb or a preposition. a) Will you sit beside me at the show? b) He hardly spoke to us. c) We turned and drove up the hill. d) Most of the children crawled under the bridge. e) The ball sailed over the bars and landed in the stands. f) After they had finished, they closed the books.
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ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Adjectives and adverbs are parts of speech that are also known as modifiers or describing words. • Ex:
Adjectives always modify or describe nouns or pronouns.
o The boy has a new toy. (The adjective “new” is describing the noun “toy”). o I had the sweetest one. (The adjective “sweetest” is describing the pronoun one”).
•
Adverbs always modify or describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.
Ex: o The girl shouts loudly. (The adverb “loudly” is modifying the verb “shouted”) o I have a very good friend. (The adverb “very” is modifying the adjective “good”). o He almost never smiles. (The adverb “almost” is modifying the adverb “never”).
It is sometimes necessary to make some descriptions stronger than others. This is done by what is called comparison. There are three forms of description: •
•
•
The basic adjective or adverb form is known as the positive. o Adjective (big, strong, beautiful) o Adverb (smartly, happily, friendly) The second level of comparison is known as the comparative. This is formed by adding “–er” or “more” to the positive when comparing two objects. o Adjective (bigger, stronger, more beautiful) o Adverb (more smartly, more happily, more friendly) The third level of comparison is known as the superlative. This is formed by adding “-‐est” or “most” to the positive when comparing three or more objects. o Adjective (biggest, strongest, most beautiful) o Adverb (most smartly, most happily, most friendly)
EXERCISE 1. Read the following sentences and say whether the underlined word is an ADVERB or an ADJECTIVE. a) Our Minister seldom write long letters. b) The lonely boy sad down and cried. c) Are you sure that is going there? d) Our Principal thought that we would always win. e) Someone has bought the ugly duckling.
______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________
2. Rewrite the following sentences and fill in the blank spaces with the correct word from the brackets. a) My shoes were ____________________ (smaller/smallest) than all of the others. b) The street is the ___________________ (darker/darkest) street in the city. c) You sister sings ____________________ (more sweetly/most sweetly) than you do. d) He was the _______________________ (weaker/weakest) of the two players. e) The cathedral’s bell is the _____________________ (more brightly/most brightly) shining place in the city.
3. Complete the following sentences by using the correct form of the underlined words. a) My school is the good ______________________ school in the country. b) The ball bounced high _______________________ than the batsman expected. c) My friend’s parents are the nice ______________________ people I have ever met. d) He reacted angrily _____________________________ than we had expected. e) The heavy rainfall left the field green ____________________________ than before.
END PUNCTUATION All complete sentences must end with a punctuation mark. There are three (3) forms of end punctuation. These are the: • • •
Full stop Question mark Exclamation mark
The full stop is used at the end of a complete sentence. Ex:
My name is the first to be found in the register. They often question my reasons for smiling so much. I am watching television in my living room.
The question mark is used at the end of direct question Ex: Why did you ring the bell at this time? How old are you today? Did you complete all of your homework? The exclamation mark is used at the end of an expression of sudden emotion or a command.
Ex:
Please stay where you are! Do not hurt me! Oh no!
EXERCISE 1. Each of the following sentences is missing an END PUNCTUATION MARK (full stop, question mark, exclamation mark). Fill it in. a) Are you going to the game this afternoon b) This is not your shoe, is it c) My friends asked me if we had seen the who was visiting from New York d) Does the tree blossom at this time of the year e) Here is my mom coming down the street f) Do not open that can g) The forest is losing its appeal to me h) May I speak with you next week i) Stop what you are doing at once j) Help me please
2. Here are five scenarios. Write a sentence that could be the words used by the speaker in each and put in the correct end punctuation mark. a) a coach advising an athlete ______________________________________________________________________________ b) a policeman chastising a motorist ______________________________________________________________________________ c) a student asking a question of a teacher _____________________________________________________________________________ c) one girl with hand to mouth pointing out something unexpected to a friend _____________________________________________________________________________ d) a little girl questioning a dirty and ragged looking pet puppy _____________________________________________________________________________
INTERNAL PUNCTUATION
There are three internal punctuation marks that, though not used as often as the comma, must be clearly understood. These are the:
• • •
the apostrophe the inverted commas the hyphen
The apostrophe is used to • indicate possession or ownership Ex: o My brother’s house is in the city. o We found the boy’s book in the desk. o The boys’ behaviour was of a very high standard.
It must be noted that the apostrophe comes before the “s” if the word is singular and comes after the “s” if the word is plural.
•
Ex:
Identify the exact place from which a letter or letters are missing. o They didn’t see the school of fish that swam by. o No one could’ve seen how the game would have ended.
Be sure to always place the mark where the letter or letters should go.
The inverted commas are used to • Ex:
Identify the exact words of a speaker (Direct Speech)
o The teacher said, “I am very pleased with your work.” o “Why,” began the student, “did you not tell me before?”
You must always OPEN and CLOSE quotations. The close quotation marks are usually placed AFTER the punctuation mark that ends the quotation or that portion of the quote.
The hyphen is usually used to separate two linked WORDS. Where there is another word that separates the nouns, the hyphen comes BEFORE and AFTER that word. Ex: o o
We will be attending After-‐School Study Hour tomorrow. I love my sister-‐in-‐law.
EXERCISE
1. Rewrite the following sentences and in each correctly place the missing apostrophe.
a) My fathers sister is very kind to me. ________________________________________________________________________ b) Why havent you done your homework? ________________________________________________________________________ c) The prefect tried to save the schools winning record. ________________________________________________________________________ d) Lets open the door and visit our friends. ________________________________________________________________________ e) My sisters and brothers were happy, but my sisters friends were not. ________________________________________________________________________
2. Each of the following sentences has one error in the use of the quotation marks. Rewrite the sentences with the correct use of the quotation marks. a) “This is not the word that I gave you, said the teacher. ________________________________________________________________________ b) “Are you sure of your answer,” or are you guessing? asked the examiner. ________________________________________________________________________ c) “My brother asked me, will this be enough for you?” ________________________________________________________________________ d) “These children work hard, was everyone’s message, “and they will succeed.” ______________________________________________________________________________ e) Come on, let’s win this one for the coach!” ______________________________________________________________________________
3. Each of the following sentences has a punctuation mark missing. Choose from the list below to fill in the missing punctuation.
‘(apostrophe) -‐-‐ (hyphen) a) b) c) d) e)
Have you ever met my sister in-‐law? You usually visit the dentist, dont you? The scouts gathered in the small semi circle. Where are the peoples heroes? Weve solved a serious problem today.
COMPREHENSION
Rain, Too Much Rain! Our usual fishing hole was shallow enough for even short, seven year old Jevon to walk out into the middle. Today, none of us was able to go that far, not even our oldest friend Nicky who, having turned ten, was months older that the other three of us. After two weeks of heavy rain, the pond was bursting. We could see tree branches and mud-‐coloured water, but no fish. Our parents allowed us to watch television but had put away our fishing rods. This was summer and we should be fishing and playing, but television and books were our forced partners. We talked about it and all agreed that the rain hated us, no matter what the farmers said.
Answer the questions that are about the passage you have just read. a) From the passage, we know that the friends i) Fished in many holes ii) Fished in one hole most of the time iii) Travelled far to fish in their favourite hole iv) iv) fished in the middle of the hole b) The writer suggests that he was i) Seven years old iii) eight years old ii) Nine years old iv) ten years old c) The phrase “the pond was bursting” suggests about the pond that i) It was over-‐filled with water iii) it had become too big ii) It had branches and mud iv) it had exploded d) Which of the following could the friends NOT see from their windows? i) Tree branches in the water iii) rain drops ii) Muddy water iv) their fishing rods
e) What does the phrase “forced partners” tell us? i) the boys were not happy iii) the boys could not see their friends ii) the rain was full of force iv) the books forced them to study f) What did we learn about the boys and the farmers? i) The rain hated the boys but loved the farmers ii) The farmers told the boys not to hate the rain iii) The farmers told the boys that the rain loved them iv) The rain upset the boys but helped the farmers
ADDITIONAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORT VOCABULARY:
Note these words, write them in your vocabulary book and learn their meanings.
• •
SHALLOW ALLOWED
SPELLING: • •
FRIEND MIDDLE
-‐ -‐
This means not deep or unimportant. This means approved or gave permission
Note the spelling of these words and any rule that they follow. -‐ -‐
This word carries the letter “i” before the “e” This word carries a double “d” and the “l” before the “e”
PARTS OF SPEECH:
Note the part of speech of these words and see how their use decides their part of speech.
• •
NONE OF US TELEVISION AND BOOKS -‐
-‐ -‐
This is pronoun that stands in place of the names of the boys but carries a singular verb. This is a compound noun (two nouns joined by the conjunction “and”) which carries a plural verb.
GRAMMAR: • •
TURNED: TALKED
Note the grammatical use of these words and learn the reasons for them being formed in this way
-‐ -‐
This word is the past tense form of “turn.” This word is the past tense form of “talk.”
Our New Village This was the year after the new village was built. It had grown more quickly than expected. There were homes of different colours and shapes; there were children playing and winning sports for the new high and elementary schools that joined the previous all-‐age school and, of course, there was a supermarket.
My dad was happy that he had brought the family here to this new village. It was safer; it was cleaner; we were happier and both he and mom received better salaries. Princesstown was nice, but nothing seemed as good as Keishanville. Answer the following questions that are about the passage you have just read. a) The new village was now into how many years of existence? The new village was now_________________________________________________________. b) In what two ways were the houses different? The houses were different________________________________________________________. c) How many schools are there in the village at this time? There are_____________________________________________________________________. d) What were the reasons given for the writer’s dad’s happiness? The reasons why the writer’s dad was happy_________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ e) Where did the writer’s family live before moving to the new village? The writer’s family______________________________________________________________. f) Rewrite the line from the passage that shows a surprise.
The line that shows a surprise_____________________________________________________.
ADDITIONAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORT VOCABULARY:
Note these words, write them in your vocabulary book and learn their meanings.
• •
PREVIOUS SALARIES
-‐ -‐
This word means “earlier” or “former” This word means “wages” or “payments”
SPELLING:
Note the spelling of these words and any rule that they follow.
•
RECEIVED
-‐
•
DIFFERENT
-‐
PARTS OF SPEECH:
This word carries the letter “e” before the “i”. Note the “c” that comes immediately before them. This word carries a double “f” and an “e” before and after the “r”
Note the part of speech of these words and see how their use decides their part of speech.
•
BUILT
-‐
•
BROUGHT
-‐
GRAMMAR: •
This word is a verb in the past tense. Not the different way in which the past tense is formed here. This word is a verb in the past tense. This is another example of an irregular past tense form.
Note the grammatical use of these words and learn the reasons for them being formed in this way
SAFER/CLEANER/HAPPPIER -‐
These are adjective forms used to compare two objects (-‐er – two, -‐est – three or more)
•
MORE QUICKLY
-‐
This is an adverb form used to compare two objects. This form means the same as –er.
Tragedy and Sadness There were fumes of smoke; there were falling buildings; people were running in different directions and cars blocked each other as they attempted to leave the scene. This is what we first saw of the tragedy. The picture was sad, but we all sat in front of our televisions too surprised to move. None of us could believe that the planes had really crashed into the buildings. We could see fires, people falling to their deaths, and we knew that many more were dying inside. Heroes were trying to help, but they, the police and firemen could do no more. It was also sad that many of these brave men and women also died as they tried to do the best for everyone. Answer the following questions that are about the passage you have just read.
a) How did the writer first learn about the tragedy? The writer first_________________________________________________________________. b) What, from the passage, is the tragedy written about? The tragedy ___________________________________________________________________. c) What is it that the writer thought but did not know for sure? The writer thought but did not know_______________________________________________. d) Who did the writer say were heroes? The writer____________________________________________________________________. e) Give another word or phrase from the passage for hero?
Another word from the passage__________________________________________________. f) Say two ways in which fear is seen in the passage? Two ways in which fear is seen_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________.