Visit Venice Spring 2012 by Tania Danieli

www.venezia.net

Visit Venice Spring Winter 2012 2011/2012

by www.venezia.net

Indice: ART / EXHIBITIONS Pag. 3 MUSIC, DANCE, THEATRE Pag. 17 SPORT AND FOLKLORE Pag. 17

Events: ART / EXHIBITIONS SPRING AT PALAZZO FORTUNY DIANA VREELAND. After Diana Vreeland From 10 March to 25 June 2012

PALAZZO FORTUNY dedicate an exhibition to Diana Vreeland, fashion icon, famous fashion editor of Harper’s Bazaar, editor in chief of Vogue and special consultant for the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New

York, will be opened on the 10th March 2012 in Venice. The first individual exhibition dedicated to the extraordinary and complex figure of Diana Vreeland (Paris, 1903- New York, 1989) will explore the many different aspects of her work and will attempt to offer a fresh approach to interpreting her style and thought. The exhibition will try to restore a sense of the “magnificent gait” which marked Vreeland’s journey through fashion in the 20th century. The visitor will be able to admire garments straight out of the history of fashion that have been brought to Italy for the first time: numbers by Yves Saint Laurent and Givenchy worn by Diana Vreeland, on loan from the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art; some extraordinary pieces by Balenciaga belonging to the Cristóbal Balenciaga Museum; the most iconic creations of Saint Laurent from the Fondation Pierre Bergé-Yves Saint Laurent, and, finally, precious garments that shaped the history of fashion of the last century, loaned from prestigious private collections and company archives, including numbers by Chanel, Schiaparelli, Missoni, Pucci, and costumes from the ballets.

www.venezia.net The aim of Diana Vreeland after Diana Vreeland is to decontextualise the many pieces that make up the kaleidoscopic career of the fashion editor and to reconnect them in a new interpretation of the many different meanings that underlie her now legendary professional and life experience. The exhibition will not limit itself to merely displaying the garments, but will “short-circuit” time, the articles on show, and their very “aura” to show how fashion is a complex phenomenon, and a privileged position from which to observe and interpret the tastes and trends of contemporary society. --GUSTAV KLIMT IN THE SIGN OF HOFFMANN AND THE SECESSION Correr Museum From 24 March to 8 July 2012

On the 150th anniversary of the birth of Gustav Klimt, and a century after his acclaimed participation in the Venice Biennale (1910), the Viennese artist returns to the lagoon as the protagonist of an

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extraordinary exhibition, which will be held in the display rooms of the Correr Museum from the 24th March to the 8th July 2012. The exhibition is the result of a joint production of the Foundation of Civic Museums of Venice and the Belvedere Museum in Vienna, in collaboration with ORE Cultura – Gruppo 24 ORE and the Arthemisia Group. The curator is Alfreid Weidinger, one of the leading experts on the Austrian artist. Through a cycle of paintings, rare and valuable drawings, furniture, and elegant jewellery, as well as elaborate reconstructions and interesting historical documents, Gustav Klimt in the Sign of Hoffmann and the Secession, as the Venetian show is entitled, will present the genesis and evolution of Klimt’s work in the fields of architecture and painting, and of those who, with him, gave rise to the Viennese Secession, an instance of that European modernism whose key players included figures like Minne, Jan Toorop, Fernand Khnopff, Koloman Moser, and above all the companion of many intellectual and design ventures, Josef Hoffmann. In the display rooms of the Correr, as well as the cycles mentioned above, the Judith I (1901) and Judith II (1909), which were acquired at the 1910 Biennale for the Ca’ Pesaro National Gallery of Modern Art, will be brought together again alongside some of the masterpieces from the Vienna Belvedere, the institution that owns the most extensive collection of Klimt’s paint-

www.venezia.net ings on canvas, as well as others from public and private collections, including the Lady by the Fireplace (1897/98) The Lovers (1901-1902), Portrait of Hermine Gallia (1904), and The Sunflower (1907) --Celebrations at the Doge’s Palace 24 February - 6 May 2012 The Doge’s Palace

The first dossier exhibition at the Doge’s Palace, opening on the 24th February 2012, will be dedicated to Celebrations at the Doge’s Palace: on show will be the valuable prints drawn by Canaletto and engraved by Giambattista Brustolon, works which are well-known even to the general public and which were mostly set in the Doge’s Palace itself. The subjects of the prints can also be seen on the original copper plates, on loan from the Correr Museum where they are now conserved. The Sala della Quarantia nova civil, situated between the vast Sala del Maggior

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Consiglio (Hall of the Great Council) and the Sala dello Scrutinio (Voting Hall), where the most important events of the political and administrative life of the Republic unfolded, will be the focal point of the exhibition, in which around ten celebrations at the Doge’s Palace are on display in two different media: captured by the brilliant pen of Canaletto (1697-1768), and skilfully transferred onto copper by the burin of Giambattista Brustolon (1716ca-1796), then transformed into prints. Through the painstaking and masterful attention to detail, the grandeur of the scenes depicted, and the original points of view that present every detail– garments, buildings, furnishings, boats – in high quality, the splendour, cultural vitality, and wisdom of ancient Venice is restored to us, making a huge contribution to the extraordinarily rich tradition of art and publishing that this universally renowned series enjoyed for almost two centuries. --THE SPIRIT OF KLIMT: Galileo Chini, Vittorio Zecchin and major decoration cycles in Venice From March 31st to July 8th 2012 On the occasion of the major Gustav Klimt in the mark of Hoffmann and the Secession exhibition celebrating in Italy the 150th anniversary of Gustav Klimt’s birth and held at the Museo Correr, the International Gallery of Modern Art Ca’

www.venezia.net Pesaro will be presenting an exhibition dedicated to the influence of the great Italian painting on Italian art in the early 20th century, culminating with the 1910

Venice Biennale, at which Klimt was present with a room to himself. The exhibition at Ca’ Pesaro, which presents one of Klimt’s greatest masterpieces, the wellknown Judith, dating from 1910, will focus on the presentation of two important decorative cycles that were much influenced by the presence of the Austrian artist in Venice in 1910: Vittorio Zecchin’s Le mille e una notte and Galileo Chini’s Primavera. The canvases by the Murano-born artist were painted in 1914 to decorate the dining room or the Hotel Terminus in Venice. The cycle, which was subsequently dispersed, is today considered one of the greatest masterpieces of the Liberty style (as art nouveau is known in Italy) in Venice; six canvases of the twelve known scenes are conserved at Ca’ Pesaro itself, and will be displayed for the occasion. In the same year, Antonio Fradeletto commissioned Galileo Chini to decorate the central Salon of the Biennale’s Palazzo dell’Esposizione (Exhibition Venue), which was intended to host Ivan

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Meštrovic’s personal exhibition, as well as paintings by other artists. The panels that will be presented at Ca’ Pesaro are on loan from the National Gallery of Modern Art in Rome, which conserves the most important core collection. --Emilio Vedova 1981-1985 February 16 - April 25, 2012 Vedova Foundation, Magazzini del Sale, Zattere Two series of works by Emilio Vedova will alternate at 10/40 / 12.10 / 13.40 / 15.10 / 16.40 In the autumn of 1980, Emilio Vedova, who had c o n c lu d e d his work with the Plurimi / Binari of the Lacerazione ‘77/’78 cycles, was invited to Mexico City for an anthological exhibition of graphic works at the Museo de Arte Carrillo Gil and for a cycle of lectures at the UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México). This voyage and period of study, the importance of which was frequently stressed

www.venezia.net by Vedova himself as he enthusiastically recalled places, situations and meetings of great interest and vitality, certainly represented a decisive moment for the development of his poetics in later years. Indeed, in 1981 Vedova began his cycle of large paintings on canvas called Teleri, a name borrowed from the ancient Venetian tradition in which the teler was a large canvas applied to the wall and painted in oils. These works are characterised by an uncontainable expressionist charge, a powerful, strong brushwork and a timbric, explosive use of colour. The exhibition presents three particularly significant series of teleri from those years, moved by the machine that Renzo Piano designed for Emilio Vedova, drawn from the Compresenze cycle of 1981 and Emerging of 1982, from the Rossi and …als ob… cycles of 1983 and the Da Dove (1984) and Di Umano (1985) series that anticipated the Dischi, the Tondi and the Oltre. --European Art: 1949-1979 M. R. Taylor: Paintings, 19662001 Peggy Guggenheim Collection February 29 – May 6, 2012 A selection of works from the museum holdings of postwar European painting and sculpture celebrates the “Venetian life” of Peggy Guggenheim, who lived in Palazzo Venier dei Leoni from 1949 to 1979, roughly the period covered by this exhibition. On view are Italian masters (such as Rotella, Fontana, Bonalumi, Ve-

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dova) as well as British (Armitage, Bacon, Davie, Sutherland) and the artists from CoBrA, (Alechinsky, Appel and Jorn) and French Nouveau réalisme (Arman). The exhibition closes with a tribute to the American artist Marion Richardson Taylor (d. 2010). --MADAME FISSCHER Palazzo Grassi - Pinault Foundation From 15 April to 15 July 2012 Palazzo Grassi-François Pinault Foundation will host a monograph exhibition by Urs Fischer from 15 April to 15 July 2012. This exhibition is the first of a series of monograph exhibitions which will be

www.venezia.net dedicated to major contemporary artists and held either in tandem or alternation with the thematic shows based upon the François Pinault Collection. Devised by the artist himself and Caroline Bourgeois specifically for the spaces within Palazzo Grassi, this one-man exhibition by Urs Fischer will comprise around thirty works dating from the 1990s to the present day – some from other international collections, some new creations. The exhibition will occupy the atrium and the first floor of Palazzo Grassi, whilst the second floor will continue to exhibit works from the François Pinault Foundation. It will be accompanied by a publication devised by the artist and by a programme of films he has selected. --EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PORCELAIN Ca’ Rezzonico Museum Until Decembre 31, 2012 Porcelain is perhaps the material that best embodies the spirit of the Rococo style. Its use during the 18th century is so inherent in this style that it could be said that one justifies the other. Close-grained, translucent and lightweight, porcelain lends itself naturally to the creation of those objects with elaborate, dynamic forms impossible to achieve with the materials known hitherto. For a long time a wellguarded secret of Chinese manufacturers, it was recreated in Europe in the second decade of the eighteenth century at the

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court of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and king of Poland, and from there it gradually spread throughout Europe, in spite of the enormous efforts to protect the formula of this highly coveted material. Ca’ Rezzonico houses an important selection of porcelains providing an overview of almost all major European manufacturers, from the famous Meissen factory to Sèvres and Vienna. The core of the collection is most obviously represented by the local production: Vezzi and Cozzi in Venice, Antonibon in Bassano. After a long time much of this collection is now visible in the Spinet Room, at the second floor of the Museum. --“ERCOLE MORETTI. A century of Venetian beads” Until June 30th 2012 Murano Glass Museum

On the occasion of the 100th year of activity of one of the most famous and

www.venezia.net long-lived glassworks in Murano, Ercole Moretti e F.lli, the exhibition “ERCOLE MORETTI. A century of Venetian beads” will be opened on October 8th 2011, at the Glass Museum in Venice: an extraordinary opportunity to admire from close to hundreds of beads and glass artefacts made using the lampblown glass technique. Along the exhibition circuit, the public can see the well-known achievements from close to, such as the Rosetta bead, the best known in the world, the Mosaic bead or the Millefiori, up to the extraordinary Murrina (mosaic glass), on display, along with numerous other objects and glassware artefacts, on the first floor of the Museum. The production of Venetian beads is an important branch of the manufacturing activity in Murano, whose origin dates back, over centuries, to 1338, the year when historical records reveal the first shipment of paternostri di vitro (glass beads for rosaries) in barrels from Venice. The delicate and refined variation of glass in the production of beads is an incredible and unexpected creative form that reached its peak between the 19th and the 20th centuries, when the Venetian beads were brought by foreign companies on board their ships to the colonies of West Africa, the Americas and India and used as valuable bargaining chips (trade beads). With them you could buy gold, spices, and even slaves. Among the natives they were also much appreciated for the “magical” and superstitious value

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attributed to them. The exhibition emphasizes and develops once more the productive power of Murano and its importance, both from a commercial point of view and, above all, on an artistic level. Tania Danieli Hours: until October 31st all days from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm (ticket office from 10:00 am to 5:30 pm); from November 1st all days from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm (ticket office from 10:00 am to 4:30 pm); closed on December 25th and January 1st. TICKETS: Admission with the Museum ticket, Full price 8.00 Euros --Photography in Japan (1860-1910). Masterpieces. From December 17th 2011 to April 1st 2012 Venetian Institute of Sciences, Letters and Arts, Palazzo Franchetti

At Palazzo Franchetti, the seat of the Venetian Institute of Sciences, Letters and Arts of Venice, an exhibition entitled “Photography in Japan (1860-1910) is being held since Saturday, December

www.venezia.net 17th 2011. Masterpieces”. It is the first retrospective ever organized in Italy dedicated to the great Japanese and European performers who worked in the field of photography between 1860 and the very early years of the 20th century. “Photography in Japan (1860-1910). Masterpieces”, the first retrospective in Italy dedicated to the great Japanese and European performers who worked in the field of photography between 1860 and the very early years of the 20th century. The exhibition presents 150 original prints, the masterpieces of one of the most important chapters in the history of photography - born in Europe but immediately experienced in Japan - just at the time when, leaving an isolation that had lasted for three hundred years, the Land of the Rising Sun opened up to America and Europe, influencing, with the images and expressions of its creativity, the taste of the entire Western world. The exhibition circuit, organized by sections, is also enriched by the works of some great photographers of the origins, including - first of all – the English Felice Beato (1833 - 1907) who, with a small group of Japanese artists, gave birth to a style called the Yokohama School, as well as to a special technique. These personalities were able to combine photography, the most avant-gardist art form of the time, with the tradition of Japanese graphics, making photographic prints on albumin paper lightly hand-coloured in-

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dividually by refined craftsmen. The exhibition ends with works by the great interpreters of Japanese and foreign photography, such as Kusakabe Kimbei, considered the master in creating sophisticated hand-coloured albumin photographs. Open every day except on Tuesday Opening hours: 10:00 am – 06:00 pm Tickets: Full price € 9.00, reduced € 7.50 --ARMENIA. Imprints of a civilization. Venice, Museo Correr, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, and the Monumental Rooms of the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana 16 December 2011 – 10 April 2012

A major exhibition, entitled “ARMENIA: IMPRINTS OF A CIVILIZATION”, is open in the museums of St. Mark’s Square from December 14, 2011. Hosting the exhibition will be the prestigious venues of the Museo Correr, the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, and the Monumental Rooms of the Biblioteca Nazionale Mar-

www.venezia.net ciana. The exhibition will mark the fifth centenary of the first book printed in the Armenian language. This exhibition will act as the official launch of the jubilee celebrations taking place in the Armenian capital Yerevan, a UNESCO World Book Capital for 2012. Curators Gabriella Uluhogian, Boghos Levon Zekiyan, and Vartan Karapetian aim to provide an original approach to many of the exciting aspects of Armenian civilization. The halls of the three museums will be used in order to create a unique exhibition space that will display, through a parallel chronological and thematic approach, two hundred works from the major Armenian museum collections and libraries, both in Europe and Armenia. Particular thematic attention will be paid to: architectural, artistic, economic, religious and philosophical achievements. A major focus of the exhibition is to show the long and fruitful experiences of the Armenian people with diverse communities and cultures from Europe to the Far East. In particular, through detailed historical documentation (including manuscripts and works of art), the exhibition will illustrate the development of the Armenian presence in Venice and their position within the Venetian society. Thanks to the inclusion of several rare and precious manuscripts, another section will offer new perspectives on the development of Armenian historiography, literature, philosophy, science and theology.

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An important segment of the exhibition will be uniquely devoted to shedding light on the practical realities of Armenian printing since 1512 and will include fascinating examples of printing in the dense network of Armenian colonies throughout the world. A special emphasis will be placed on the important tradition of the Armenian printing press in Venice, that reached its height of glory with the illuminated enlightened dedication of the academically-minded Mekhitarist Fathers. Visitors to the exhibition in St. Mark’s Square will have the opportunity to continue upon a tour that explores the sights of ‘Armenian Venice’ according to precise routes designed and designated by the curators. --“Eleonora Duse Room” From November 16th 2011 Cini Foundation On November 16th 2011, at the Giorgio Cini Foundation on the Island of San Giorgio (Venice), at 11.30 am, the new ELONORA DUSE ROOM was officially presented to the public, a new permanent space dedicated to

www.venezia.net the memory of the great Italian actress. The project stems from the desire to turning the Eleonora Duse Archivesof the Giorgio Cini Foundation into a “place” open to the public to discover and visit. The valuable collection of materials housed at the Study Centre for documentary research on the European theatre and music drama represents an inexhaustible source to understand the life and art of one of the most important Italian theatrical actresses of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the undisputed symbol of modern theatre. Precisely in Venice she had been looking for - and virtually found - a welcoming atmosphere and a home where to live for quite some time. --EXHIBITION PROGRAMME OF THE BEVILACQUA - LA MASA FOUNDATION From January 2012 The Bevilacqua - La Masa Foundation is planning for 2012 an intense calendar of very interesting exhibition events. It will start on February 2nd 2012, with two exhibitions: the one to be opened at the Gallery in St. Mark’s Square, a collective end-of-stay exhibition of the young artists currently assignees of studies; and the other, to be presented in Palazzetto Tito, a collection of interesting creative re-workings of legendary Moleskine notebooks made by artists, architects, designers, illustrators and writers active in the international scene.

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From April 3rd, it will be the turn of the exhibition organized in collaboration with the Photography Foundation. On display at the Gallery in St. Marks’ Square, 49 photos, 9 videos and an installation by international artists. The works belong to the collection of contemporary photography of the Cassa di Risparmio di Modena Foundation. --Murano glass: “1861-2011: UN’ISOLA, UN’ARTE, UN MUSEO” Until 30th April 2012 On 9th December 2011, on the Island of Murano, in the Museum of Glass, was inaugurated the exhibition “ 1 8 61 - 2 0 11 : U N’ISOL A, UN’ARTE, UN MUSEO”[one island, one art, one museum], a great retrospective exhibition on the art of glassmaking, which allows visitors to learn about the history and life of this Venetian island, famous all over the world for its glass works of art. In 1861 an archive that held information on the long history of glass making in Murano was created. The archive had a museum section as well, which soon became the most important

www.venezia.net section because many glass items (ancient and modern) produced in the island were donated by the owners of the kilns. To mark the 150th anniversary of the creation of the archive, a great exhibition containing almost two hundred items was opened. The items were made in the last 150 years and are the most significant elements in the museum’s collection. They are an example of the unique skills of their creators. The exhibition includes items shown during the Biennale exhibitions and creations by master glass makers and glass factories that had not been previously exhibited. --VIDEO MEDIUM INTERMEDIUM, ASAC artist films at Ca’ Giustinian From 27th November 2011 Ca’ Giustinian Free entry With the Finissage of the 54th International Art Exhibition, the VIDEO MEDIUM INTERMEDIUM, an exhibition of artist videos from the ASAC (Historical Archive of Contemporary Arts) collections, opened in Palazzo Giustinian, which confirms yet again that this is the venue of the permanent activities of the Venice Biennale. After the success of the exhibition of historical posters (Ca’ Giustinian, 25th February – 20th May 2011), the Biennale

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will offer 32 artists’ videos selected by Bice Curiger, filmed by 53 artists between 1969 and 1975, as well as photographs and other documents from the archives of ASAC. For the first time the general public will be able to appreciate this amazing (recently restored) legacy that documents the developing art of film-making in Europe at the beginning of the 1970s. This transnational phenomenon is linked to the contemporary avant-garde art movements such as Body Art, Land Art, Performance Art, Lettrism and Minimalism, which had important effects in Italy as well (to date, they have not been valorised as they should). --Murrino Glass, from Altino to Murano Glass Museum, Murano Altino Museum 8 June 2012 / 6 January 2013

An exhibition planned to be held from the 8th June at the Murano Glass Museum, which will focus exclusively on the ancient art of Murrina glass. The exhibi-

www.venezia.net tion will cover the history of the art from Roman times to present day Murano. Glass works created using this special technique will be on display in the Altino Museum, including works that come not only from excavations at the Altino archaeological site, but also from other sites under the supervision of the Archaeological Superindendency of the Veneto region, which corresponds to a large extent to the X Regio Venetia et Histria, a kingdom that enjoyed privileged commercial and cultural ties to the Eastern costs of the Mediterranean, the home of art of glass making.

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more than fifty extremely rare examples of nautical cartography dating from the 14th to the 18th century. Original instruments, once used aboard Venetian ships, also on loan from the Correr Museum’s collections, and navigation books exemplifying Venice’s great seafaring culture, will complete an exhibition packed with curiosities sure to appeal to anyone who loves sea travel. SPORT,MUSIC,DANCE,THEATRE --America’s Cup World Series From 12 to 20 May 2012

The Glass Museum, meanwhile, will be presenting Murrina glass works created in Murano from the 19th century up until the present day: it was the Murano glassmakers, in fact, who revived this ancient technique after extensively studying the archaeological exhibits at the Murano Museum as well as those in other important archaeological collections, such as that of the National Museum in Naples. --Portolans and Nautical Charts The Doge’s Palace, Sala dello Scrutinio, Venice 18 May / 30 August 2012 In tribute to the America’s Cup, the qualifying races for which were organised in Venice, the prestigious collection of portolans and nautical charts (May – September) from the Correr Museum will be on display at the Doge’s Palace, including

The stars of the world’s longest running sporting tournament, the America’s Cup World Series will be sailing the waters of the Venice Lagoon from 12 to 20 May 2012. The general program for the event was presented this morning at the Borsa Italiana del Turismo (BIT tourism trade fair) in Milan. The fast AC45 catamarans (13.5 m long, equipped with rigid wings with a surface area of 85 square meters) of the eleven

www.venezia.net teams in the event, from the USA, France, Spain, Sweden, New Zealand, Korea and China, and including some of the top teams in the world such as the Luna Rossa, the only Italian boat taking part, will challenge each other in San Marco’s Bay, in front of the Palazzo Ducale, and in open sea in front of the Lido. The America’s Cup World Series in Venice will be a genuinely public event. A circle of boats will be used to follow the regattas in the Lido, while on the island itself information points and observation areas will be set up, while Piazza San Marco, San Giorgio Island and the nearby banks will act as spectator galleries for the trials in San Marco’s Bay. Furthermore, maxi-screens will be set up to provide live coverage of the regattas, concerts, traditional sailing races and other events put on for the public, who will have the opportunity to see the protagonists of the ACWS up close in the village that will be hosting the team bases in the Arsenale. The event to be held between 12 to 20 May is the first of two stages to be hosted by Venice; the second event will be held between 13 and 21 April 2013. The 2012 event is only the run-up to the Louis Vuitton Cup and the 2013 America’s Cup which will fought out using the impressive AC72 catamarans, no less than 22 meters long and with a 40 meter high wing and a surface area of 260 square meters.

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--Vogalonga 2012 Sunday, May 27th, 2012 The Vogalonga is a 30km paddling/ rowing race through the city of Venice and the lagoon up to Burano. Almost all rowed or paddled boats can participate, and there’s even a separate category for kayaks. There are usually well over one thousands boats in the race, of many types. All participants are issued a diploma of participation. The Vogalonga is not a competitive race and there are no winners. It’s all about being there. --FESTA DELLA SENSA Sunday 20th May 2012

Every year Venice attracts millions of visitors to events that are famous the world over. The Festa della Sensa, is one of the city’s best known festivals that bring to life its thousand year history and its close ties to the sea and the art of “Voga alla Veneta” rowing.

www.venezia.net The Sensa (Ascension Day) Festival was celebrated by the Venetian Republic on the day of Christ’s Ascension. Sensa is the Venetian dialect word for ascension. It commemorates two important events in the life of the Republic: one on 9 May in the year 1000, when Doge Pietro Orseolo II came to the rescue of the inhabitants of Dalmatia, who were under the Slav menace. The second event took place in 1177, when, in the reign of Doge Sebastiano Ziani, Pope Alexander III and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa signed the peace treaty in Venice that put an end to the century-long diatribe between the Papacy and the Empire. The rite of the Wedding with the Sea used to take place on the occasion of the Ascension Day Festival. Every year on that day the Doge on his state barge, the Bucintoro, sailed to Sant’Elena, at the level of San Pietro di Castello Church. The Bishop waited to bless him on a boat with gilt sides. To emphasise the Serenissima Republic’s dominion over the sea, the Festival culminated with a kind of propitiatory rite: the Doge sailed to the channel between the lagoon and the sea and threw a gold ring into the water.

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