Current Affairs May 2014 Tamil by Vetrii IAS Academy

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Eminent Persons & Appointments ehh;Nt J}jh;:

,e;jpa tpkhdg; gilapy; jiyik jsgjpahf gzpahw;wp fle;j Mz;L Xa;Tngw;w vd;.V.Nf. gpnusd; ehh;Nt ehl;Lj; J}juhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. tof;fkhf ntspehl;L J}jh; gjtpf;F Iv‡g;v]; (,e;jpa ntspAwTg; gzp) mjpfhhpfs;> ntspAwTj; Jiw gzpapy; ePz;lfhy mDgtk; tha;e;j rh;tNjr ty;Yeh;fs; cs;spl;Nlhh; epakpf;fg;gLth;. ,e;epiyapy;> tpkhdg;gilapy; jiyik jsgjp gjtp tfpj;j tiu ntspehl;by; J}juhf kj;jpa muR epakpj;Js;sJ. Nghh; tpkhdq;fis ,af;Ftjpy; ifNjh;e;j epGzuhf fUjg;gLth; vd;.V.Nf. gpnusd;. 2011> [_iy 31 Kjy; fle;j Mz;L brk;gh; 31-Mk; Njjp tiu ,th; ,e;jpa tpkhdg; gilapd; jiyik jsgjp nghWg;ig tfpj;J gpd;dh; Xa;T ngw;whh;. tpkhdg; gilapy; 40 Mz;Lfhy mDgtk; ngw;w ,th;> tpkhd csTg; gphptpd; Jiz jsgjpahfTk; rpy Mz;Lfs; gzpahw;wpdhh;. 1997-Mk; Mz;by; ,];Nuy; ehl;bd; nly;mtpt; efhpy; ,e;jpa ghJfhg;Gj; Jiwapd; rpwg;Gg; gphpT epWtg;gl;lNghJ> me;j ikaj;jpd; Kf;fpag; nghWg;ig gpnusd; Vw;wpUe;jhh;.

Me;jpu khepy Kd;dhs; Kjy;th; [dhh;jj ; dnul;b fhykhdhh;:

Me;jpu khepy Kd;dhs; Kjy;th; [dhh;jj ; dnul;b fhykhdhh;. Me;jpu khepy Kd;dhs; Kjy;tUk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapd; %j;j eph;thfpAkhd Nejuky;yp [dhh;jj ; dnul;b (80) nts;spf;fpoik fhiy 5 kzpastpy; i`juhghj;jpy; cs;s kUj;Jtkidapy; fhykhdhh;. ney;Y}h; khtl;lk; ghfhlhtpy; fle;j 20.2.1935-y; gpwe;j ,th;> 1972-y; murpaypy; fhy; gjpj;jhh;. ,th;> fle;j 1988-y; khepy fhq;fpu]; jiytuhfTk; gpd;dh; 1990 Kjy; 1992 tiu khepy Kjy;tuhfTk; gzpahw;wpdhh;. ,jidj; njhlh;e;J> fle;j 1998> 99> 2004 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpduhf gjtptfpj;jhh;.

rPkhe;jpuj;Jf;F Gjpa jiyefiu fz;lwpa epGzh; FO: Me;jpuj;ijg; gphpj;J njyq;fhdh kw;Wk; rPkhe;jpuk; Mfpa khepyq;fis cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. jw;Nghija khepyj; jiyefh; i`jughj; njYq;fhdh gFjpapy; mike;jpUg;gjpUg;gjhy; rPkhe;jpuj;Jf;F Gjpa jiyefiuj; Njh;e;njLg;gjpy; rpf;fy; vOe;Js;sJ. rPkhe;jpuj;jpy; tp[athlh> tprhfg;gl;bdk;> fh;D}y; Mfpa efuq;fspy; VjhtJ xd;iwj; jiyefuhf khw;w tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd. ,e;epiyapy; rPkhe;jpuj; jiyefiuf; fz;lwptjw;fhf kj;jpa efh;g;Gw tsh;r;rpj; Jiw mikr;rf Kd;dhs; nrayhsh; Nf.rptuhkfpU\;zd; jiyikapy; mike;Js;sJ.

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fhykhdhh;: Gthd; =[hdfp Njth;:

Nejh[p jiyik jhq;fp elj;jpa ,e;jpa Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l gilapd; jsgjp tPukq;if Gthd; =[hdfp Njth; (93) kNyrpaj; jiyefh; Nfhyhyk;G+hpy; nts;spf;fpoik (Nk 9) fhykhdhh;. ,th; kNyrpahtpy; 1980Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1986-k; Mz;L tiu ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpduhf gjtp tfpj;Js;shh;. kNyrpa ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; Kjy; ,e;jpa ngz; cWg;gpdh; vd;w ngUik ,tUf;F cz;L. jdJ 16-MtJ tajpNyNa [hd;rpuhzp gilapy; Jizj; jsgjpahf gjtpNaw;W ,e;jpa gh;kh vy;iyapy; Jg;ghf;fp Ve;jp Nghh;f;fsk; fz;lth;.

rpgprpIb b[pgp eNue;jpu ghy;rpq; Xa;T ngw;whh;: gQ;rhg; khepyj;ij Nrh;e;j ,tUf;F Igpv]; gbg;ig Kbj;jJk; jkpof fhty;Jiwapy; gzp xJf;fg;gl;lJ. New;Wld; mtuJ gzpf;fhyk; Kbtile;jJ. ,ijaLj;J> mtUf;F topaDg;G tpoh guq;fpkiy MAjg;gil ikjhdj;jpy; ele;jJ. NghyPrhhpd; mzptFg;G khpahijia eNue;jpu ghy;rpq; Vw;whh;. b[pgp uhkhD[k; cs;spl;l cah; mjpfhhpfs; gq;Nfw;wdh;.

ehl;bd; Kjy; thf;fhsh; Nefp:

Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpy; ele;j Kjy; nghJj;Njh;jy; Kjy; xd;Wtplhky; jtwhky; thf;fspj;J tUfpwhh; Nefp. [dehafj;jpd; cz;ikahd kd;dh;fs; kf;fs;jhd; vd;gij ep&gpf;Fk; NfhlhDf;Nfhb ,e;jpah;fspy; Nefp Kjd;iikahdth;. jhd; trpf;Fk; fy;gh vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J Rkhh; xU fpNyh kPl;lh; njhiytpy; ,Uf;Fk; thf;Fr; rhtbf;F te;jNghJ mtUf;F cw;rhfkhd tuNtw;G mspf;fg;gl;lJ. cld; mtUila 87 taJ kidtp `puh kzpAk; te;jhh;. ehl;bd; Kjy; nghJj; Njh;jypy; Kjy; thf;fhsuhf thf;fspj;jth;jhd; rpahk; ruz; Nefp. mg;NghJ mtUf;F taJ 34. 1952 nghJj; Njh;jy; Kjy; fl;lkhf 1951-NyNa ,khryj;jpy; njhlq;fpaJ. [dehafj;jpy; cWjpahd ek;gpf;ifAs;s Nefp> xU Njh;jypYk; thf;fspf;fhky; ,Ue;jjpy;iy.

F[uhj; Kjy;tuhf Mde;jp ngd;gNly; gjtpNaw;G:

F[uhj;jpd; Gjpa Kjy;tuhf Mde;jp ngd;gNly; tpahof;fpoik gjtpNaw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;. mtUld; 20 Ngh;> mikr;rh;fshf gjtpg;gpukhzk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;.

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gq;Nfw;G:

kj;jpa jiyik jfty; Mizauhf uh[Pt; khj;J};

ehfyhe;J Gjpa Kjy;tuhf gjtpNaw;whh; n[ypahq;:

ehfyhe;jpy; Kjy;tuhf ,Ue;j nea;gpA+ hpNah kf;fsit cWg;gpduhf Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lijaLj;J jdJ gjtpia uh[pdhkh nra;jhh;. ,ijaLj;J ehfh kf;fs; Kd;dzpiar; (vd;.gp.vg;) Nrh;e;j b.Mh;. n[ypahq; (62) Gjpa Kjy;tuhf rdpf;fpoik Nk 24-y; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;.

njd;dhg;gphpf;f mjpguhf [{kh gjtpNaw;G:

njd;dhg;gphpf;f mjpguhf N[f;fg; [{kh njhlh;e;J ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf gjtpNaw;whh;.

100tJ NghyP]; fkp\duhf [hh;[; gjtp Vw;G:

ehlhSkd;w Njh;jypd;NghJ> nrd;id NghyP]; fkp\duhf ,Ue;j [hh;[;> Vb[pgpahf khw;wg;gl;lhh;. rpiwj;Jiw Vb[pgpahf ,Ue;j jphpghjp> nrd;id NghyP]; fkp\duhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. ,e;epiyapy; Njh;jy; elj;ij tpjpfs; jsh;j;jg;gl;ljhy; kPz;Lk; nrd;id NghyP]; fkp\duhf [hh;[; epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. nrd;id NghyP]; fkp\duhf ,Ue;j jphpghjp gioagb> rpiwj;Jiw Vb[pgpahf khw;wg;gl;lhh;. ,e;epiyapy; nrd;id khefhpd; 100tJ fkp\dh; vd;w ngUikia [hh;[; ngw;Ws;shh;.

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gpujkuhf eNue;jpu Nkhb Nk 26 gjtpNaw;G jpq;fs;fpoik khiy eilngWk; epfor;rpapy; FbauRj; jiyth; gpuzhg;Kfh;[p 15MtJ gpujkuhd eNue;jpu Nkhbf;F gjtpg;gpukhKk; ufrpaf; fhg;G gpukhzKk; nra;J itf;fpwhh;. ,t;tpohtpy; Mg;fd; mjpgh; `kPJ fh;]ha;> khyj;jT P mjpgh; mg;Jy;yh ahkPd;> ,yq;if mjpgh; kfpe;j uh[gl;r> ghfp];jhd; gpujkh; eth]; n\hPg;> NkhhP\]; gpujkh; etPd; uhk;$yk;> G+lhd; gpukh; ypNahd;nrd; n\hpq; Nlhg;fg;> Neghs gpujkh; R\py; nfha;uhyh> tq;fNjrg; gpujkh; N\f; `rPdh rhh;gpy; me;ehl;L ehlhSkd;w mitj;jiyth; \phPd; \h;kPd; nrsj;hp Mfpa njw;fhrpa gpuhe;jpa $l;likg;G (rhh;f;) ehLfspd; jiyth;fs; fye;J nfhz;ldh;.

Gjpa mikr;ruit gpujkh; : eNue;jpuNkhb

Nfgpdl; mikr;rh;fs; 1.

uh[;ehj; rpq;

R\;kh ];tuh[;

mUz; n[l;yp

ntq;fa;a ehAL

epjpd; fl;fhp

rjhde;j fTlh

ckh ghujp

e[;kh n`g;Jy;yh

Nfhgpehj; Kz;Nl

10. uhk; tpyh]; gh];thd; 11. fy;uh[; kp];uh 12. Nkdfh fhe;jp 13. mde;jFkhh; 14. utprq;fh; gpurhj; 15. mNrhf; f[gjp uh[{ 16. Mde;j; fPNj 17. `h;rpk;uj; fTh; 18. eNue;jpu rpq; Njhkh; 19. [Pty; Xuk; 20. uhjhNkhfd; rpq; 21. jhth;re;j; nfyhl; 22. ];kpUjp ,uhdp 23. `h;\; th;jd;

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,iz mikr;rh;fs; (jdpnghWg;G) 1.

n[duy; tp.Nf. rpq;

,e;jpuh[pj; rpq; uht;

re;Njh\; fq;f;thh;

=gj; v];Nyh ehaf;

jh;Nke;jpu gpujhd;

rh;thde;j NrhNdhty;

gpufh\; [tNlfh;\

gpA\; Nfhay;

[pNje;jpu rpq;

10. eph;kyh rPjuhkhd;

,iz mikr;rh;fs; 1.

[p.vk;. rpj;Nj];thuh

kNdh[; rpd;`h

ep`hy; re;j;

cNge;jpu F\;th`h

nghd;. ,uhjfpU\;zd;

fpuz; up[p[{

fphp\d; ghy; Fh;[hh;

rQ;rPt; Fkhh; ghypahd;

kd;Rf;gha; thrth

10. uht; rh`pg; jhd;Nt 11. tp\;ZNjt; rha; 12. Rjh;rd; gfj;

kj;jpa mikr;rh;fs; ,yhfh tptuk; Nfgpdl; mikr;rh;fs;  eNue;jpu Nkhb: gpujk mikr;rh; (gzpahsh; eyj;Jiw kw;Wk; Xa;t+jpak;> mZ Mw;wy;> tpz;ntsp> Kf;fpa nfhs;iffspy; KbntLg;gtJ)  uh[;ehj; rpq; : cs;Jiw  R\;kh ];tuh[; : ntspAwTj;Jiw ntspehL tho; ,e;jpah;fs; tptfhuk;  mUz;N[l;yp : epjp ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; fk;ngdp tptfhuq;fs;  ntq;fa;a ehAL : efh;g;Gw tsh;r;rp> tPl;L trjp> efh;g;Gw tWik xopg;G kw;Wk; ehlhSkd;w tptfhuk;  epjpd; fl;fhp : Njrpa neLQ;rhiy kw;Wk; fg;gy; Nghf;Ftuj;J  rjhde;j nfslh : uapy;Nt  ckhghujp : ePh;tsk;> ejpePh; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; fq;if ejpia J}a;ikg;gLj;Jjy;  e[;kh n`g;Jy;yh : rpWghd;ik eyd; tptfhuk;  Nfhgpehj; Kz;Nl : Cuf tsh;r;rp> gQ;rhaj;J uh[;> FbePh; (,wg;G)  uhktpyh]; gh];thd; : Efh;Nthh; tptfhuk;> czT kw;Wk; nghJ tpepNahfk;

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 fy;uh]; kp];uh: FW> rpW kw;Wk; eLj;ju epWtdq;fs;  Nkdfh fhe;jp: kfsph; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfs; Nkk;ghL  mde;jFkhh; : urhadk; kw;Wk; cuj;Jiw  utprq;fh; gpurhj;  rl;lk;> ePjp> jfty; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gk;  mNrhf; f[gjp uh[P : rptpy; tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J  mde;j fPj;Nj : fduf njhopw;rhiy kw;Wk; nghJj;Jiw epWtdq;fs;  `h;]pk;uj; nfshh;:czT gjg;gLj;Jjy; njhopy;  eNue;jpu rpq; Njhkh;: Ruq;fk; v‡F njhopyhsh; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;G  [{ty; Xuk; : goq;Fbapd eyd; tptfhuk;  uhjhNkhfd; rpq; : Ntshz;ikj; Jiw  jh;thre;j; nfyhl; : r%f ePjp kw;Wk; mjpfhukspj;jy;  ];kpUjp ,uhdp : kdpjts Nkk;ghl;Lj;Jiw  `h;\;th;jd; : Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; FLk;g eyd;

,iz mikr;rh;fs; (jdpg;nghWg;G)  n[duy; (Xa;T) tp.Nf.rpq; : tlfpof;F gpuhe;jpa tsh;r;rp (jdp)> ntsptptfhuk; kw;Wk; ntspehL tho; ,e;jpah; tptfhuk;  ,e;jh;[pj; rpq; uht;: jpl;lkply; (jdp) Gs;spapay;> jpl;l mkyhf;fk; (jdp) kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G  re;Njh\; fq;Fthh; : [Tspj;Jiw (jdp) ehlSkd;w tptfhuk; ePh;tsk;> ejpePh; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; fq;if ejpia J}a;ikg;gLj;Jjy;  = ghj ehaf; : fyhrhuk; (jdp)> Rw;Wyhj;Jiw (jdp)  jh;Nke;jpu gpujhd; : ngl;Nuhypak; kw;Wk; ,aw;if vhpthA (jdp)  rh;thde;j NrhNdhthy; : jpwd; tsh;r;rp njhopy; KidNthh;> ,isQh; tptfhuk; kw;Wk; tpisahl;L (jdp)  gpufh\; [htNlfh; : jfty; njhlh;G kw;Wk; xypgug;Gj; Jiw (jdp)> Rw;Wr;#oy;> tsq;fs; kw;Wk; gUtepiy khw;wk (jdp) ehlhSkd;w tptfhuk;  gpA+]; Nfhay; : kpd;rhuk; (jdp)> epyf;fhp (jdp) > Gjpa kw;Wk; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f Mw;wy; (jdp)  [pNje;jpu rpq;: mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy; El;gk; (jdp)> Gtp mwptpak; (jdp)> gpujkh; mYtyfk;> gzpahsh; eyj;Jiw kw;Wk; xa;T+jpak;> mZ Mw;wy;  eph;kyh rPjhuhkd; : th;j;jfk; kw;Wk; njhopw;rhiy (jdp) epjp kw;Wk; fk;ngdp tptfhuq;fs;

,iz mikr;rh;fs; :            

[p.vk;.rpj;Nj];tuh : rptpy; tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J kNdh[; rpd;`h : uapy;Nt ep`y; re;j; : uhrhadk; kw;Wk; cuj;Jiw cNge;jpu F\;th`h: Cuhf tsh;r;rp> gQ;rhaj;J uh[;> FbePh; kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk; nghd;. uhjhfpU\;zd;: fduf njhopw;rhiy kw;Wk; nghJj;Jiw epWtdq;fs; fpud; hp[p[_: cs;Jiw tptfhuk; fp\z; ghy; : Njrpa neLQ;rhiy kw;Wk; fg;gy; Nghf;Ftuj;J rQ;rPt;Fkhh; gypahd;: Ntshz;Jiw czT> gjg;gLj;Jk; njhopy; kd;ff; gha; t]hth : goq;Fbapdh; eyd; uht; ]hg; jd;tp : Efh;Nthh; tptfhuk; czT kw;Wk; nghJ tpepNahfk; tp\;ZNjt; rha; : Ruq;fk; v‡F njhopyhsh; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;G Rjh;\d; gfj;: r%f ePjp kw;Wk; mjpfhukspj;jy;

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uq;fuh[d; uh[pehkh: gpujkhpd; nghUshjhu MNyhridf;FO jiytuhf cs;s rp. uq;fuh[d; jdJ gjtpia Nk 19 jpq;fs; fpoik uh[pehkh nra;a cs;shh;. ,tuJ FOtpy; nrskpj;u nrsj;hp> tp.v];. tpah];> gp.gp. ehaf;> jpypg; vk; er;rNd MfpNahh; cWg;gpdh;fshf cs;sdh;. ,th;fspy; nrsj;hp jpl;lf;FOtpYk; cWg;gpduhf cs;shh;.

rPkhe;jpuh> njYq;fhdh

rPkhe;jpuhtpd; Kjy;thuhf njYq;F Njrk; fl;rpj; jiyth;fs; re;jpughG ehAL tUk; [Pd; 8-k; Njjp gjtpNaw;f cs;shh;. xUq;fpize;j Me;jpu khepyj;jpypue;J gphpe;J tUk; [Pd; 2-k; Njjp njYq;fhdh khepyk; ehl;bd; 29tJ khepykhf cUthf cs;sJ. md;iw ehNs njYq;fhdhtpd; Kjy;tuhf njYq;fhdh uh\;buh rkpjp fl;rp jiyth; Nf. re;jpuNrfh;uht; gjtpNaw;fpwhh;.

Gjpa ml;lh;dp n[duy; KFy; Nuhj;jfp

%j;j tof;FiuQuhd KFy; Nuhj;jfp> kj;jpa murpd; Gjpa ml;lh;dp n[duyhf epakpf;fg;gl cs;sjhf jfty;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. kf;fsitj; Njh;jypy; Kf;fpa Kw;Nghf;Ff; $l;lz Njhy;tpaile;ijj; njhlh;e;J mjd; jiyikapyhd murhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l ml;lh;dp n[duy; th`dtjpAk;> nrhyprpl;lh; n[duy; Nkhfd; guhruDk; jq;fs; gjtpfis uh[pehkh nra;jhh;.

Nfhit Nkah; nr. k. NtYrhkp uh[pehkh

Nfhit khefh; khtl;l mjpKf nrayhuhfTk; Nfhit NkauhfTk; ,Ue;jhh;. Kd;dhs; mikr;rh; nr.k. NtYrhkp fle;j 2011Mk; mz;L ele;j cs;shl;rpj; Njh;jypy; Nfhit khefuhl;rp Nkauhfj; Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl;l nr.k. NtYrhkp Nfhit khehfuhl;rp Nkauhfj; Njh;T nra;ag;gl;lhh;. nkhj;jKs;s 100 thh;Lfspy; mjpKf kpf mjpf thh;Lfspy; ntd;wJ. 5 kz;lyj;jiyth; gjtpfisAk; mjpKfNt ntd;wJ. jkpofj;jpy; kf;fisj; Njh;jy; fle;j Vg;uy; 24 Mk; Njjp ele;jJ. Njh;jy; KbTfs; Nk 16,y; mwptpf;fg;gl;ld. jkpofj;jpNyNa kpff; Fiwe;j thf;F (42>016) tpj;jpahrj;jpy; Nfhit kf;fisj; njhFjpapy; mjpKf Ntl;ghsh; V.gp. ehfuh[d; ntw;wp ngw;whh;. kpff; Fiwe;j thf;F tpj;jpahrk; ngw;wjw;F Nkah;; nr.k. NtYrhkp xj;Jiof;fhjNj fhuzk; vd;W

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VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE

$wg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy; ed;wp mwptpg;Gf; $l;lj;Jf;fhf Nfhit kf;fisj; njhFjpf;F cs;gl;l gy;ylk; rl;lg;Nguit njhFjp Nk 27 nrt;tha;f;fpoik fhiy Nkah; nr.k.NtYrhkp nrd;wpUe;jhh;. mq;fpUe;J jpUk;gp tUk; topapy; gy;ylk; mUNf jpUg;G+iur; Nrh;e;j gdpad; njhopyhsp re;jpuNrfh; vd;gtuJ ,Urf;fu thfdk; kPJ Nkhjptpl;L Nkahpd; fhh; epw;fhky; te;jjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; re;jpuNrfh; gLfhak; mile;jhh;. mq;fpUe;j kf;fs; jfty; nfhLj;j gpd;dh; tpgj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ Nkahpd; fhh; vd;W NghyP]hUf;Fj; njhpa te;jJ. mbg;gl;lth; Nfhit jdpahh; kUj;Jtkidapy; rpfpr;ir ngWfpwhh;. Nkahpd; fhh; gy;ylk; fhty; epiyaj;jpw;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lJ. ,e;epiyapy; nrt;tha;f;fpoik ,uT Nkah; nr. k. NtYrhkp> khefh; khtl;lr; nrayh; gjtpapype;J epf;fg;gl;l Nkahpd; fhh; Nkhjptpl;L epw;fhky; nrd;w jfty; nrd;idf;Fr; nrd;wij mLj;J Nkah; nghWg;gpypUe;J tpyFkhW mjpKf nkyplj;jpy; ,Ue;J cj;juT te;jjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ. mijaLj;J khefuhl;rp Mizah; f.yjhtplk; jdJ uh[pehkh fbjj;ij nr.k. NtYrhkp mspj;jhh;. ,f;fbjj;jpy; efy; Jiz Nkah; yPyhtjp cz;zpf;Fk; mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jiz Nkah; yPyhtjp cz;zp> Nkah; nghWg;gpy; njhlUthh; vd;W khefuhl;rp Mizah; f. yjh njhptpj;Js;shh;.

gpujkhpd; Kjd;ikr; nrayuhf epUNge;jpu kp];uh epakdk; njhiyj; njhlh;G xOq;FKiw Mizaj;jpd; (buha;) Kd;dhs; jiytuhd epUNge;jpu kp];uh (69) gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhbapd; Kjd;ikr; nrayuhf Gjd;fpoik epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;s hh;. Nk 28 ,jw;fhd mtrur; rl;lj;ij kj;jpa muR gpwg;gpj;Js;sJ. cj;jug;gpuNjr khepyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j 1967Mk; Mz;Lg; gphpT I.V.v]; mjpfhhpahd epUNge;jpu kp];uhtpd; gjtpf;fhyk; gpujkhpd; gjtpf;fhyk; KbAk; tiuapNyh my;yJ mLj;j cj;juT gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; tiuapNyh njhlUk; vd;W kj;jpa gzpahsh; eyd; kw;Wk; FiwjPh;g;G mikr;rfk;> ntspapl;Ls;s nra;jpf;Fwpg;gpy; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. buha; mikg;gpd; jiyth; gjtpapy; ,Ue;J 2009 Mk; Mz;L epUNge;jpukp];uh Xa;T ngw;whh;. buha; mikg;gpd; jiyth; gjtpapy; ,Ue;J Xa;T ngw;wth;fs; mjw;F gpd;G kj;jpa khepy muR gjtpfis tfpf;ff; $lhJ vd;W buha; rl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j tpjpKiwapy; ,Ue;J epUNge;jpu kp];uhTf;F tpjptpyf;F mspj;J gpujkhpd; Kjd;ikr; nrayuhf mth; gjtp Vw;Fk; tifapy; kj;jpa muR mtrur; rl;lk; gpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.

Sports & Games

Irprp rpwe;j eLth; gl;baypy; gpy;yp ngsld;: rh;tNjr fphpf;nfl; fTd;rpy; (Irprp) mikg;gpd; rpwe;j eLth; gl;baypy; gpy;yp ngsld; ,lk;ngw;Ws;shh;. eLth; gl;bay; tptuk;: myPk;jh;> ,ad; nfsy;l;> hpr;rh;l; ,y;ypq;nthh;j;> ie[h;yhq;> G&]; Mf;]d; Nghh;l;> ghy; hPngy;> uhl;lf;fh;. 2003-13 tiu rpwe;j eLth; gl;baypy; gpy;yp ngsld; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhh;. ,g;NghJ kPz;Lk; gl;baYf;F mth; jpUk;gpAs;shh;. ,Jtiu mth; 76 nl];l;> 189 xUehs; Ml;lq;fs;> 20 rh;tNjr b20 Ml;lq;fspy; mth; eLtuhf gzpahw;wpAs;shh;.

rh;tNjr fhkd;nty;j; [pk;dh];bf;: rh;tNjr fhkd;nty;j; [pk;dh];bf; rhk;gpad; \pg; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpa tPuh;fs; 3 jq;fk; cs;gl 7 gjf;fq;fis ntd;wdh;. ,g;Nghl;b M];jpNuypahtpd; ngh;j; efhpy; Vg;uy; 27 kw;Wk; 28 Mfpa Njjpfspy; eilngw;wJ.

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,isQh; xypk;gpf;:

,e;j Mz;L eilngw cs;s ,isQh; xypk;gpf; Nghl;bf;F ePr;ry; tPuh; Rg;hpa kz;ly; jFjp ngw;Ws;shh;. Jigapy; cs;s `k;jhd; efhpy; eilngw;w rh;tNjr ePr;ry; rhk;gpad; \pg; Nghl;bapd; 200 kPl;lh; gl;lh;‡gpis gphptpy; Rg;hpah kz;ly; jq;fg;gjf;fk; ntd;whh;. ,g;Nghl;bapy; mth; 2 epkplk; 3.90 tpehbfspy; ,yf;if vl;b Kjyplj;ijg; gpbj;jhh;. ,jd;%yk;> rPdhtpy; tUk; Mf];l; khjk; eilngWk; ,isQh; xypk;gpf;fpy; mNj gphptpy; tpisahLk; tha;g;ig mth; ngw;whh;.

nr]; (mjpgd;):

rkPgj;jpy; ele;J Kbe;j Mrpa nr];rhk;gpad;\pg; Nghl;bapy; mjpgd; nts;spg;gjf;fk; ntd;whh;. ,jd; %yk; mLj;j Mz;L eilngWk; cyf nr]; Nghl;bapy; tpisahLk; tha;g ;igAk; mth; ngw;whh;.

Mrpa ];E}f;fh;: rht;yhTf;F ntz;fyk;:

Mrpa ];E}f;fh; rhk;gpad;\pg; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpahtpd; fky; rht;yh ntz;fyg; gjf;fk; ntd;whh;. If;fpa muG mkPufj;jpd; my; Gi[uh efhpy; eilngw;w ,e;jg; Nghl;bapd; miuapWjpapy; fky; rht;yh 2-6 vd;w fzf;fpy; kNyrpaphtpd; Rthd; ypNahq; Njhhplk; Njhy;tp fz;lhh;. ,jdhy; ,Wjpr;Rw;W Kd;NdWk; tha;g;ig ,oe;j mth; ntz;fyg; gjf;fj;NjhL ntspNawpdhh;. Mrpa rhk;gpad;\pg; Nghl;bapy; rht;yh ntd;w Kjy; gjf;fk; ,JthFk;.

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CURRENT AFFAIRS

epr;rak;

VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE

eilg;Nghl;b: re;jg P ; Fkhh; Njrpa rhjid: rPdhtpd; ilfhq; efhpy; rh;tNjr jlfs rk;Nksdj;jpd; rhh;gpy; rdpf;fpoik Nk 4-y; eilngw;w cyf eilg; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpa tPuh;re;jPg; Fkhh; 23-tJ ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jhh;. 3 kzp Neuk;> 56 epkplk;> 22 tpehbfspy; ,yf;if vl;bajd; %yk; Gjpa Njrpa rhjidiag; gilj;jpUf;fpwhh; re;jPg;Fkhh;. Kd;djhf ,e;jpahtpd; gre;jh gfJ}h;uhzh> yz;ld; xypk;gpf; Nghl;bapy; 3kzp Neuk;> 56 epkplk;> 48 tpehbfspy; ,yf;if vl;baNj Njrpa rhjidahf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;NghJ mij re;jPg; Fkhh; Kwpabj;jpUf;fpwhh;.

cngh; Nfhg;ig ghl;kpz;ld; - ,e;jpa mzpf;F ntz;fyk;:

jpy;ypapy; eilngw;W tUk; ,g;Nghl;bapd; miuapWjp Ml;lk; nts;spf;fpoik Nk 22-y; eilngw;wJ. Kjd;Kiwahf miuapWjpf;F Kd;Ndwpa ,e;jpa mzp [g;ghid vjph;nfhz;lJ. juthpirapy; 12-tJ ,lj;jpy; cs;s kpdl;Rkplhdpf;F vjpuhd Kjy; Ml;lj;jpy; 21-12> 21-13 vd;w Neh;nrl;by; ntw;wp ngw;whh; yz;ld; xypk;gpf;fpy; ntz;fyk; ntd;w ,e;jpahtpd; rha;dh nethy;. ,uz;lhtJ Ml;lj;jpy; 19-21> 21-18> 26-24 vd;w nrl; fzf;fpy; rafh jf`\pia rpe;J Njhw;fbj;jhh;. Mdhy;> %d;whtJ xw;iwah; Ml;lj;jpy; Jsrp ,q;fpyhe;J rhk;gpad;\pg; Nghl;b ,Wjpr;Rw;Wf;F Kd;Ndwpa vhpf;`pNuhrplk; Njhy;tpaile;jhh;. ,ul;ilah; gphptpy; m];tpdp [{thyh> kw;nwhU N[hbAk; Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpd. ,jdhy; [g;ghd; 3-2 vd ntw;wpngw;W ,Wjpr;Rw;Wf;F Kd;NdwpaJ. rdpf;fpoik eilngWk; ,Wjpr; Rw;wpy; [g;ghDk; rPdhTk; NkhjTs;sd. nld;dp]; juthpir:

Mlth; gphptpy; Kjy; gj;J ,lq;fs; juthpir 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

tPuh;fs; elhy; N[hNfhtpr; tht;hpq;fh ‡ngluh; Nltpl;‡nguh; jhk]; ngh;br; nly; Nghl;Nuh Mz;b Kh;Nu kpNyh]; uNahdpf; ep\pNfhhp

Gs;spfs; 12,500 11,850 5,830 5,125 5,030 4,330 4,125 4,120 2,975 2,815

kfsph; gphptpy; Kjy; gj;J ,lq;fs; juthpir 1 2 3 4

tPuh;fs; nrhPdh yp eh uj;td;];fh rpkhNdh `hNyg;

Gs;spfs; 11,590 7,540 6,360 5,140

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epr;rak; 5 6 7 8 9 10

mrud;fh Ftpl;Nlhth n[ypdh [hd;Nfhtpr; \uNghth VQ;rypf; nfh;ngh; rpGy;Nfhth

VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE

4,741 4,600 4,255 4,141 3,870 3,705

8 ,e;jpa tPuh;fSf;F I.eh. gjf;fk;:

rkhjhd gzpfspd; NghJ caph;j;jpahfk; nra;j 8 ,e;jpa uhZt tPuh;fs; cs;gl 106 NgUf;F I.eh.tpd; mikjp eltbf;iffSf;fhd Nlf;`k; kh;];f;N[hy;L gjf;fk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. epa+ahh;f;fpy; cs;s I.eh. jiyikafj;jpy; rh;tNjr I.eh. mikjpfhg;G gilapdh; jpdkhd ,k;khjk; 29Mk; Njjpad; W eilngWk; epfo;r;rpapy; ,e;jg;gjf;fk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. Nyg;bdd;l; fh;dy; k`pghy; rpq;> yhd;]; ehaf; ee;jfpN\hh; N[h\p> `tpy;jhh; `Puh yhy;> eha;g;g RNjhh; rptf;Fkhh;ghy;> `tpy; jhh; gj; r];khy;> jpy; RNgjhh; ghy;rpq;> ];tPld; ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;j Nlf; `k;kh;];f; N[hy;L vd;w I.eh. rkhjhd J}jh; epidthf rkhjhd eltbf;iffspd; NghJ caphpof;Fk; tPuh;fSf;F `k;kh;];f; N[hy;L gjf;fk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. `k;kh;];f; N[hy;L ,we;j 1961 Mz;bd; mtUf;F mikjpf;fhd Nehghy;ghpR toq;fg;gl;lJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

,e;jpahtpd; rpwe;j N`hl;ly; efuk; : 1tJ ,lj;jpy; cjag;G+h;> 2MtJ ,lj;jpy; n[ag;G+Uk;> 3MtJ ,lj;jpy; Nfush khepyj;jpd; nfhr;rp efUk;> 4MtJ ,lj;jpy; uh];jhdpd; N[hj;g+Uk;> 5 MtJ ,lj;jpy; Nfhth khepyj; jiyefh; gdh[pAk;> 6tJ ,lj;jpy; `pkhryg;gpuNjrj;jpd; rpk;yh efUk;> 7MtJ ,lj;jpy; kfhuh\;buj;jpd; GNd efUk;> 8MtJ ,lj;jpy; Me;jpuj;jpd; Ijuhghj; efUk;> 9MtJ ,lj;jpy; fh;ehlf khepyj; jiyth; ngq;f&UTk;> 10 MtJ ,lj;jpy; kfhuh\;buh khepyj; jiyefh; Kk;igAk; N`hl;ly;fis Kd;gjpT nra;Ak; 200 ,izjsq;fspy; cs;s 8.2 Nfhb tpkh;rdq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ,e;j kjpg;gPL toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhf xU efhpYs;s 30 N`hl;ly;fs; kw;Wk; xU N`hl;lYf;F 60 tpkh;rdq;fs; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

Mh;kby;Nyh

Mh;kby;Nyh vdg;gLk; xUtif vWk;Gj;jPdp xUtifapy; fhy;ge;Jf;Fk; ,e;j caphpdj;Jf;Fk; njhlh;gpUf;fpwJ. gpNurpypy; [{d; 12 Kjy; [{iy 13 tiu cyff; Nfhg;igf; fhy;ge;Jg; Nghl;bfs; eilngwtpUf;fpd;wd. mopTf;Fs;shfpapUf;Fk; ,e;j caphpdj;ijg; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf fhy;ge;J cyff; Nfhg;ig Nghl;bfspd; rpd;dkhf ,ijNa Njh;e;njLj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jd; %yk; cap&l;Lk; tpisahl;lhfTk; MfpapUf;fpwJ fhy;ge;J.

`hf;fp cyfNfhg;ig nejh;yhe;jpd; jp N`f; efhpy; Nk 31 Kjy; cyff; Nfhg;ig `hf;fp eilngwTs;sJ. ,jpy; gq;Nfw;Fk; rh;jhh;rpq; jiyikapyhd ,e;jpa mzp nrt;tha;fpoik Nk 19 jpy;ypapy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L jp N`f; nrd;wJ.

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10 tJ Kiwahf hpay; khl;hpl; rhk;gpad;

INuhg;gpa rhk;gpad;]; yPf; fhy;ge;J Nghl;bapy; hpay; khl;hpl; mzp 4-1 vd;w Nfhy; fzf;fpy; ml;nybNfh khl;hpf; mzpia tPo;j;jp rhk;gpad; MdJ. ,jd; %yk; rhk;gpad;]; yPf;fpy; 10tJ Kiwahf rhk;gpad; gl;lk; ntd;wpUf;fpwJ hpay; khl;hpl;. Nghh;r;Rf;fy; jiyefh; yp];gdpy; Nghl;b eilngw;wJ.

Awards & Honours

cyfpNyNa mjpf tajhdth;:

ngU ehl;bd; Mz;b]; kiyg;gFjpapYs;s xU fpuhkj;jpy; tho;e;J tUk; 116 tajhFk; cyfpNyNa mjpf tajhd> ‡gpNyhkpdh ilNg nkd;Nlh]h (glk;) vd;w %jhl;b. czT fl;Lg;ghl;Lld; ,Ug;gJjhd;> ePz;l fhyk; ehd; caph; tho;tjd; ufrpakhFk; vd;whh;. ,jw;F Kd;djhf cyfpNyNa mjpf tajhdth; vd;W fpd;d]; rhjid Gj;jfj;jpy; ,lk; gpbj;j [g;ghdpd; kp]ht; Xfhthittpl 3 khjq;fNs ,th; ,isatuhthh;.

mnkhpf;f mwptpay; fz;fhl;rp:

,e;jpa mwptpay; fofj;jpd; jiyth; ehuhaz; Iah; $wpajhtJ. ,e;jpa mwptpay; fofk; Mz;LNjhWk; ehl;bd; gy;NtW gFjpfspy; mwptpay; fz;fhl;rpia elj;jp tUfpwJ. ,e;j fz;fhl;rpfspy; ,lk;ngWk; Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy; rpwe;j ,sk; tpQ;Qhdpfisj; Njh;e;njLj;J mnkhpf;fhtpy; I-];tPg; vd;w mikg;G elj;Jk; mwptpay; fz;fhl;rpf;F mDg;GfpNwhk;. mjd;gb ek;ehl;il Nrh;e;j 4 ,sk; tpQ;Qhdpfspd; 3 Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; mnkhpf;fhtpy; fle;j 5-k; Njjp ele;j mwptpay; fz;fhl;rpapy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. ,e;j fz;Lgpbg;GfSf;F xU jq;f tpUJk; 2 nts;sp tpUJfSk; fpilj;Js;sd. nkhj;jk; 80 ehLfis Nrh;e;j 400 Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; ,e;j fz;fhl;rpapy; ,lk; ngw;wd vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

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,jpy; jq;f tpUJ ngw;Ws;s nld;dpj; Mjpj;ah> nrd;id nrl;behL tpj;ah];uk; gs;sp khztuhd b.mQ;rhdp> F[uhj;ij Nrh;e;j khd;rply;rhid kw;Wk; ifutp ul;rpah MfpNahh; $l;L Nrh;e;J fopT gpsh];bf;if gad;gLj;jp nrq;fy;fs; jahhpf;Fk; Gjpa njhopy;El;gj;ij fz;Lgpbj;Js;sdh;. ,jdhy;> ,th;fSf;F nts;sp tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

8 rpWth;fSf;F ‘Njrpa ,se;jpU tpUJ”: kj;jpa murpd; rhh;gpy; toq;fg;gLk; Njrpa ,se;jpU tpUJf;F jkpofj;ijr; Nrh;e;j 8 rpWth;fs; Njh;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdh;. mfpa ,e;jpa mstpy; Nkilf;fiy> gilg;Gf;fiy> mwptpay; fiy> vOj;Jf;fiy Mfpatw;wpy; GJikfs; gilj;jpLk; 9 taJ Kjy; 16 taJf;F cs;gl;l Foe;ijfis Mz;L NjhWk; Njh;T nra;J Njrpa ,se;jpU tpUJ FbauRj; jiytuhy; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

2012-Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd Njrpa ,se;jpU tpUJ ngWNthh; gl;bay;: 1. mde;jpjh uhkr;re;jpud;> Nkilf;fiy (gujehl;bak;)> 10-Mk; tFg;G> rh;rptrhkp fyhyah Nky;epiyg;gs;sp> kapyhg;G+h;> nrd;id. 2. fkyhNjtp ypq;fh utPe;jpuehj;> Nkilf;fiy (gujehl;bak;)> 11-Mk; tFg;G> gj;kh Nr\hj;hp ghygtd; gs;sp> Nf.Nf.efh;> nrd;id. 3. Nf.Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp> gilg;Gf;fiy (iftpid)> 10-Mk; tFg;G> nrapd;l; jhk]; nkl;hpf; gs;sp> gpuhl;Nt> nrd;id. 4. jPguf\dh> gilg;Gf;fiy (Xtpak;)> 10-Mk; tFg;G> mz;zh Mjh;\; nkl;hpf; gs;sp> mz;zhefh;> nrd;id. 5. mDgkh utpr;re;jpud;> vOj;Jf;fiy> 10-Mk; tFg;G> gj;kh Nr\hj;hp ghygtd; gs;sp> Eq;fk;ghf;fk;> nrd;id. 6. nr\hq; (gps]; 2)> vOj;Jf;fiy> gps]; 2> rp\;ah Nky;epiyg;gs;sp> X#h;> jUkGhp khtl;lk;. 7. jpahfuh[d; kNdh mutpe;j>; vOj;Jf;fiy> 9-Mk; tFg;G> V.Mh;.vy;.vk;. nkl;hpf; gs;sp> flY}h;. 8. epfpyh uhkd;> vOj;Jf;fiy> gps;]; 2> gp.v];.gp.gp.kpy;ypdpak; gs;sp> fpUfk;ghf;fk;> fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;. Njrpa ,se;jpU tpUJ ngWk; khzth;fSf;F FbauRj; jiyth; khspifapy; eilngWk; tpohtpy; tpUJld; &.10 epidTg;ghpR> rhd;wpjo; Mfpait FbauRj; jiytuhy; tpiutpy; toq;fg;glTs;sJ. NkYk;> ,e;j khzth;fSf;F toq;f cs;sJ. ,Nj tpohtpy; 2011-Mk; Mz;L Njh;T ngw;w 3 NgUf;Fk; tpUJfs; toq;fg;gLk;.

vtnu];l; rpfuj;jpy; Vwpa 13 taJ Me;jpu rpWkp

Me;jpu khepyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j 13 taJ rpWkp kyhtj; G+h;zh vtnu];l; rpfuj;jpy; kpff; Fiwe;j tajpy; Vwpa ngz; vd;w rhjidiag; gilj;Js;shh;. Me;jpu khepyk; fk;kk; khtl;lj;ijr; Nrh;e;j mth; mq;Fs;s r%f eytho;Tf; fy;tp mwf;fl;lisg; gs;spapy; gbj;J tUfpwhh;. G+h;zhTk; mNj gs;spapy; 9Mk; tFg;G gbf;Fk; 16 tajhFk; rhjdgs;sp Mde;Jk; QhapW Nk 25 fhiy 6 kzp mstpy; vtnu];l; rpfuj;jpy; ntw;wpfukhf Vwpdhh;.

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Socio Economic Problems jl;fy; jpUkzg; gjpTr; rhd;W: jpUkz gjpTr; rhd;wpjio ‘jl;fy;” Kiwapy; 24 kzp Neuj;Jf;Fs; ngWk; trjpia nly;yp muR mwpKfk; nra;Js;sJ. ‘cr;rePjpkd;wk; 2006-y; gpwg;gpj;j cj;jutpd; mbg;gilapy;> jpUkzkhd 60 ehs;fSf;Fs; jpUkzj;ijg; gjpTnra;tJ nly;ypapy; fl;lhakhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUkzr; rhd;W mtrukhfj; Njitg;gL NthUf;F jl;fy; jpl;lk; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. chpa Mtzq;fSld; tpz;zg;gpj;jhy; 24 kzp Neuj;jpy; jpUkzgjpTr; rhd;wpjo; toq;fg;gLk;. ,jw;F &. 10 Mapuk; fl;lzkhf t#ypf;fg;gLfpwJ” vd;whh;.

uapypy; gazk; nra;Ak; NghJ milahs ml;il mtrpak;: uapypy; gazk; nra;Nthh; jFe;j milahs ml;ilAld; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W njw;F uapy;Nt mwpTWj;jpAs;sJ. uapypd; ve;j tFg;gpy; gazk; nra;jhYk; gazpfs; jq;fSila mry; milahs rhd;wpjio nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;. gazpfs; xU FLk;gj;jpduhfg; gazpj;jhy; mth;fspy; xUthpd; Nu\d;fhh;L efy; my;yJ mry; milahs ml;iliaf; fhl;bdhy; NghJkhdJ. milahs ml;il tptuk;: 1. ghd;fhh;L 2. xl;Leh; chpkk; 3. kj;jpa my;yJ khepy muR thpir vz;Zld; toq;fpa milahs ml;il 4. Gifg;glj;Jld; $ba fpnubl; fhh;L 5. thf;fhsh; milahs ml;il 6. Njrpa tq;fpapd; Gifg;glj;Jld; $ba gh];Gf; 7. gh];Nghh;l; 8. khzth;fSf;F mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l gs;sp my;yJ fy;Y}hpapd; milahs ml;il Mjhh; ml;il

thuhf;fld; & 70>300 Nfhb: 406 epWtdq;fspd; gl;bay; ntspaPL: tq;fpfSf;F thuhf; flid jpUk;gr; nrYj;jhj 406 jdpahh; epWtdq;fspd; gl;bay; nrd;idapy; Nk 5 ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,e;jg; gl;baiy mfpy ,e;jpa tq;fp Copah;fs; rq;fj;jpd; nghJr; nrayhsh; rp.n`r;. ntq;flhryk; jkpo;ehL tq;fp Copah; rk;Nksdj;jpd; ,. mUzhryk; cs;spl;Nlhh; ntspapl;ldh;. ,e;jpah KOtJk; kf;fspd; gzk; Rkhh; 75 yl;rk; Nfhb &gha; tq;fpfs; itg;Gj;njhifahf cs;sJ. nghpa epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; gpugykhd njhopyjpgh;fSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l fld;fs; ePz;l fhykhfpAk; nrYj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,jidf; fz;bj;J fle;j Mz;L 2013 brk;gh; 5 Mk; Njjp tuhf;fld; nrYj;jhj 50 Nghpd; ngah; gl;baiy ehq;fs; ntspapl;Nlhk;. Mdhy; mjw;F muR ve;j eltbf;ifAk; vLf;ftpy;iy. kf;fsitj; Njh;jypd; NghJ thuf; flid itj;jpUg;Nghh; Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl jiltpjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd Njh;jy; Mizaiu re;jpj;J Nfhhpf;if itj;Njhk;. Mdhy; vq;fs; Nfhhpf;if epuhfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. jw;NghJ ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s tq;fpfSf;F Rkhh; & 70>300 Nfhb thuhf;flid nrYj;j Ntz;ba 406 epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopyjpgh;fspd; ngah; gl;baiy ntspapLfpNwhk;. ,e;jg; gl;baypy; ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdUk; fpq; ‡gp\h; Vh; iyd;]; epWtdj;ijr; Nrh;e;j njhopygjpUkhd tp[a;ky;iyahtpd; ngah; cs;sJ. mth; Rkhh; 7 Mapuk; Nfhbf;F Nky; thuhf;flid itj;Jf;nfhz;L fphpf;nfl; Nghl;bfSf;F Mlk;gukhf nry;tJ cs;spl;l Nfspf;if eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;L tUfpwhh;. ,jw;F kj;jpa muRjhd; gjpy; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. murplkpUe;J tof;fk;Nghy; ve;jg; gjpYk; tuhtpl;lhy; mLj;jLj;j khjq;fspy; KiwNa 3>250>7>000 ngah;fs; nfhz;l gl;baiy ntspapLNthk;. xU Gwk; thuhf;fld; mjpfhpj;Jf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; Neuj;jpy; thuhf;fld;fSf;F Gduikg;G vd;w ngahpy; jpUk;gr; nrYj;jf;$ba flDf;Fr; rYiffs;

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toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk; gyhpd; fld;fs; uj;J nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. filrp 10 khjq;fspy; & 2>40>000 Mapuk; Nfhb thuhf;flid muR uj;J nra;Js;sJ. murpd; ,e;j eltbf;iffs; ngUk; nghUshjhu rPh;FiyTf;F toptFj;J tpLk;. thuhf; flid jpUk;gt#ypf;f muRk; hprh;t; tq;fpAk; tpiue;J eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Coy; mjpfhhpfsplk; tprhhpf;f rpgpI Kd; mDkjp ngwj; Njitapy;iy: rpgpI jd;dpr;irahd Gydha;T mikg;G vd $wg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; kj;jpa ,izr; nrayh; my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkyhd gjtpapy; cs;s caujpfhhpfsplk; tprhuiz elj;j rk;ge;jg;gl;l Jiwapd; jiyik mjpfhhpaplk; rpgpI Kd; mDkjpngw Ntz;bAs;sJ. rpgpI cUthff; fhuzkhd jpy;yp rpwg;G NghyP]; rl;lk; 6 V gphpT ,jw;F ,lkspf;fpwJ. ,g;gphptpd; %yk; rpgpIapd; nray;ghL fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. tof;if tprhhpj;j jiyik ePjpgjp Mh;.vk;. Nyhjh> ePjpgjpfs; V.Nf. gl;ehaf;> v];.N[. KNfhghj;aha> jPgf; kp];uh ,g;uh`pk; fypGy;yh mlq;fpa murpay; rhrd mkh;T nrt;tha;f;fpoik mspj;j jPh;g;G (Nk 6) Coy; jLg;Gr;rl;lj;jpd;gb kj;jpa murpd; ,izr; nrayh; my;yJ mjw;F Nkyhd gjtpapy; cs;s mjpfhhpNah mt;tJ kj;jpa nghJj;Jiw epWtdq;fspy; murhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l mjpfhhplaplNkh tprhuiz elj;j Ntz;Lnkd;why; mjw;F kj;jpa murpd; mDkjpia Kiwg;gb ngwNtz;Lk; vd;W jpy;yp rpwg;G NghyP]; rl;lk; 6(1) gphpT $WfpwJ. mg;gphpT nry;yhJ vd ePjpkd;wk; mwptpf;fpwJ. rl;lj;jpd;Kd; midtUk; rkk; vd;gijj;jhd; murpay;yikg;G rl;lk; typAWj;JfpwJ. MfNt Coy; tptfhuq;fspy; vy;yh muR Copah;fSk; rkkhf elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. cah;gjtp tfpf;Fk; mjpfhhpfs; vd;gjw;fhf mth;fSf;F NtWtpjkhd rYif mspf;ff;$lhJ. ,izr; nrayh; my;yJ cah;gjtpapy; cs;s mjpfhhpfsplk; tprhuiz elj;j rpgpI Kd; mDkjp ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w Kd; mDkjp ngwNtz;Lk; vd;w epiy ePbj;jhy; Mjhuq;fis Nrfhpf;Fk; eltbf;ifapy; Njf;fk; Vw;gLk;. rk;ge;jg;gl;lth;fs; %yk; jlaq;fs; mikf;fg;glTk; tha;g;Gs;sJ. vdNt cah;gjtpapy; cs;s th;fisg; ghJfhg;gJ Nghy mike;Js;s jpy;yp rpwg;G NghyP]; rl;lk; 6(1) tpjp rl;l tpNuhjkhdJ vd;w KbTf;F murpay; rhrd mkh;T te;Js;sJ vd;W jPh;g;gpy; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jdpahh; gs;spfspy; ViofSf;F 25 rjtPj xJf;fPL: jdpahh; gs;spfspy; fle;j Mz;by; 25 rjtPj xJf;fPl;bd; fPo; 23 Mapuk; khzth;fs; Nrh;f;fg;gl;ldh;. Mdhy; ,th;fSf;fhd fl;lzj;ij jkpofmuR jpUg;gp toq;ftpy;iy. ,e;jepiyapy; tUk; fy;tpahz;by; (2014 15) ,e;j xJf;fPl;Lf;fhd khzth; Nrh;f;if Nk 3Mk; Njjp Kjy; njhlq;fpaJ. khzth;fSf;fhd fy;tpf; fl;lzj;ijj; jpUg;gp toq;fhjjhy; ,e;j Mz;L 25 rjtPj xJf;f Pl;bd; fPo; khzth;fisr; Nrh;f;fkhl;Nlhk; vd jkpo;ehL eh;rhp> gpiukhp> nkl;hpf; Nky;epiyg;gs;sp rq;fk; mwptpj;jJ. jdpahh;gs;sp rq;f eph;thfpfSld; nkl;hpf; gs;spfs; ,af;Feh; Mh;.gpr;ir nrt;tha;f;fpoik Ngr;R elj;jpdhh;. Ngr;Rthh;j;ijapd; NghJ jkpof murpd; rhh;gpy; jdpahh; gs;spfspy; Nrh;e;j khzth;fSf;fhf fl;lzk; &.25 Nfhbia %d;W khjq;fspy; jpUg;gp toq;Ftjhf nkl;hpf;gs;spfspd; ,af;Feh; cWjpaspj;Js;shh; jkpofmurpd; cWjpiaj; njhlh;e;J ,e;j xJf;fPl;by; khzth;fisr; Nrh;f;f jdpahh;gs;sp eph;thfpfs; rk;kjk; njhptpj;J fbjk; toq;fpdh;. jkpofk; KOtJk; 3>550 jdpahh; gs;spfspy; (rpWghd;ikapd gs;spfs; jtph;jJ ; ) EioT tFg;Gfspy; (vy;.Nf.[p. Kjy; tFg;G> Mwhk; tFg;G) 25 rjtPj ,lq;fs; Vio kw;Wk eyptile;j gphptpdUf;F xJf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j xJf;fPl;bd; fPo; EioT tFg;Gfspy; 58>619 ,lq;fs; cs;sd. fle;j Mz;L ,jpy; 40 rjtPj ,lq;fs; kl;LNk epug;gg;gl;ld.

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Raepjp muR vk;.gp.gp.v]; fle;j Mz;L fy;tpf; fl;lzk;

muR XJf;fPl;L vk;.gp.gp.v]; ,lj;Jf;fhd fy;tpf; fl;lzk; & 2.80 ylk;rk;. Gjpa fy;Y}hpahf ,Ue;jhy; & 2.30 yl;rk; ePjpgjp vd;.tp. ghyRg;gpukzpad; fl;lz eph;zaf;FO fle;j Mz;L eph;zapj;jJ. muR xJf;fPl;L gp.b.v]; ,lj;Jf;F fy;tpf; fl;lzk; & 1.15 yl;rk;.

Mq;fpy topf;fy;tp: jkpofk; KOtJk; Kg;gUt fy;tp 2012-k; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. Kg;gUt fy;tp Kiw jkpo;ehl;by; midj;J gs;spfspYk; nray;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Kg;gUt fy;tp Kiw jkpo; fy;tp Kiwapy;jhd; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,e;j fy;tp Mz;L Kjy; midj;J gs;spfspYk; Kg;gUt fy;tp Kiwapy; Mq;fpy topfy;tp jpl;lj;ij fl;lhakhf nray;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W jkpof muR cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ. Vio khzth;fspd; fy;tp juj;ij cah;j;Jk; tifapy; 2013-k; Mz;L Mq;fpytop Kg;gUt fy;tp jpl;lk; jkpofk; KOtJk; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. muR gs;spfspy; khzth;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,jdhy; jdpahh; gs;spfspy; fl;lz nfhs;isapy; ,Ue;J Vio kf;fis ghJfhf;f KbAk;.

Ky;iyg; nghpahW tof;F jkpofj;Jf;F ngUk; ntw;wp:

Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizapd; ePh;kl;lj;jpd; msit 136 mbahf Fiwj;J Nfus muR epiwNtw;wpa rl;lj;ij cr;r ePjpkd;wk; uj;J nra;Js;sJ. mizapd; ePh;kl;lj;ij 142 mbahf cah;j;JtJld;> mij eph;tfpf;f %d;W Ngh; nfhz;l FOit mikf;fTk; cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ. Nfushtpy; cs;s Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizapy; ,Ue;J Njdp> jpz;Lf;fy;> kJiu> rptfq;if> uhkehjGuk; cs;spl;l Ie;J khtl;lq;fisr; Nrh;e;j 21 yl;rk; Vf;fh; epyk; ghrd trjpiag; ngWfpwJ. ,e;j mizapd; ePh;kl;lj;ij 142 mbahf cah;j;j 2006-k; Mz;L gpg;uthpapy; cr;r ePjpkd;wk; cj;juT gpwg;gpj;jJ. ,e;j cj;juit kPWk; tifapy;> mNj Mz;L khh;r; 18-k; Njjp Nfus rl;lkd;wj;jpy;> Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizapd; mjpfgl;r cauj;ij 136 mbahf eph;zapj;J rl;lk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. ,ij vjph;jJ ; jkpof muR njhlh;e;j tof;if cr;r ePjpkd;w murpay; rhrd mkh;T tprhhpj;jJ. ,e;j tof;if tprhhpj;j cr;r ePjpkd;w j; jiyik ePjpgjp Mh;.vk;.Nyhjh> ePjpgjpfs; vr;.vy;.jj;J> re;jpukTyp gpurhj;> kjd; NyhFh;> vk;.xa;.,f;ghy; MfpNahh; mlq;fpa mkh;T Gjd;fpoik mspj;j jPh;g;G tptuk;: khepyq;fspilNa cs;s ePh; gq;fPl;L gpur;rpid Fwpj;J tprhhpj;J ,e;j ePjpkd;wk; xU jPh;g;gspj;j gpd;> mij kWj;J Nfus muR rl;lk; epiwNtw;wp ,Ug;gJ ePjp ghpghydj;jpy; jiyapLk; nray;. Nfus muR 2006-k; Mz;L

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epiwNtw;wpa rl;lk; murpay; rhrdj;Jf;F vjpuhdJ. mr;rl;lk; uj;J nra;ag;gLfpwJ. kj;jpa ePh;tsf; FOitr; Nrh;e;j xUtiu jiytuhff; nfhz;l %d;W Ngh; FOtpd; fz;fhzpg;gpy; Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizapd; ePh;kl;lk; 142 mbahf cah;j;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 2006-k; Mz;L cr;rePjpkd;wk; gpwg;gpj;j cj;juit ,f;FO mky;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j FOtpy; jkpofk;> Nfusk; rhh;gpy; jyh xUth; cWg;gpduhf ,Ug;gh;. ,f;FO Nfusj;jpy; jd; mYtyfj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,f;FOtpd; nryTfis jkpof muR Vw;f Ntz;Lk;. mizapd; ePh;kl;lj;ij cWjp nra;tJld;> gUtkio fhyq;fspy; mizapd; ePh;kl;lk;> ghJfhg;G Fwpj;J ,f;FO fz;fhzpf;Fk;. cr;r ePjpkd;w cj;juTg;gb> jkpofk; rhh;gpy; guhkhpg;Gg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;s ,f;FO mDkjp mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. mizapd; ghJfhg;G Fwpj;J ,U khepy muRfSf;Fk; ,f;FO cj;juTfis gpwg;gpf;fyhk;. me;j cj;juit ,U khepy muRfSk; epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;. Gjpa miz fl;Lk; tp\aj;jpy;> Nfus muR jd; Kbit jkpofj;jpd; kPJ jpzpf;f KbahJ. Gjpa miz fl;Ltnjd;why;> mJ ,U khepy muRfspd; rk;kjj;Jld; eilngw Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ePjpgjpfs; jPh;g;gpy; $wpAs;sdh;. jPh;g;Gf;F Nfush vjph;g;G: Nfus khepyk; KKtJk; Nk 8-k; Njjp fhiy 6 kzp Kjy; khiy 6 kzp tiu KO milg;G elj;j miog;G tpLj;Js;sdh;. ,jw;F mk;khepy midj;J murpay; fl;rpapdUk; MjuT njhptpj;Js;sdh;.

ntspNaWfpwjh Nfhp‡Nghh;?

gpuhd;i] Nrh;e;j hPnla;y; epWtdkhd NfhpNghh;> ,e;jpahtpypUe;J jdJ nray;ghLfis tpyfpf; nfhs;sg; Nghtjhf njhpfpwJ. ,e;j epWtdk; ,e;jpahtpy; 5 nkhj;jtpiy filfis mikj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; Ml;rpia gpbf;Fk; vd;W vjph;ghf;fg;gLk; ghujpa [djh fl;rp> Ml;rpf;F te;jhy; rpy;yiw th;j;jfj;jpy; me;epa KjyPl;il jil nra;Nthk; vd;W njhptpj;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

Kd;$l;bNa flid nrYj;jpdhy; mguhjk; $lhJ: khWgLk; tl;b tpfpjj;jpy; thq;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; fld;fis Kd;$l;bNa jpUg;gpr; nrYj;jg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; mjw;F mguhjk; VJk; tpjpf;f $lhJ vd;W hprh;t; tq;fp jiltpjpj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;j jil cldbahf mkYf;F tUfpwJ vd;Wk; hprh;t; tq;fp njhptpj;jpUf;fpwJ.

10 taJf;F Nky; tq;fp fzf;F njhlq;fyhk;: 10 taJf;F Nky; ,Uf;Fk; rpWth;fs; jdpahf tq;fp fzf;F njhlq;Ftjw;F hprh;t; tq;fp mDkjp nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ. midtUf;Fk; tq;fp Nrit vd;w mbg;gilapy; hprh;t; tq;fp ,e;j mDkjpia mspj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,jw;F Kd;ghf rpWth;fs; ngw;Nwhiug; ghJfhtyuhff; nfhz;L tq;fp fzf;fpidj; njhlq;fp nray;gLj;j KbAk;. ,g;NghJ 10 taJf;F Nkw;gl;lth;fs; jdpahf tq;fpia gad;gLj;j hprh;t; tq;fp mDkjp nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,Ue;jhYk; rpWth;fs; vt;tsT njhifia KjyPL nra;a KbAk; vd;gJ cs;spl;l hp];f; rhh;e;j tp\aq;fspy; me;je;j tq;fpfs; KbT nra;ayhk;. mNjNghy vd;ndd;d Mtzq;fs; Njit vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk; tq;fpfs; KbntLf;fyhk; vd;Wk; njhptpj;jpUf;fpwJ. mNj rkaj;jpy; V.b.vk;.> fhNrhiy> ,d;lh;nel; Ngq;fpq; cs;spl;l trjpfis ,ytrkhf nfhLf;fyhk; vd;Wk; hprh;t; tq;fp njhptpj;jpUf;fpwJ.

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Nyhf;ghy; Njh;T FO: %j;j tof;FiuQh;fs; Nuh`pq;ld; ehhpkd;> Nfhghy; Rg;gpukzpak;> nfhy;fj;jh cah; ePjpkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjp mUz; kp];uh> xbrh cah;ePjpkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjp Mjh;\; Fkhh; Nfhay; MfpNahiu cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfshf epakpf;fyhk; vd;W jiyik ePjpgjp Mh;.vk;. Nyhjh jiyikapyhd ePjpgjpfs; Njh;Tf;FO ghpe;Jiu nra;Js;sJ. ,NjNghy> `pkhryg; gpuNjr cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpahf ,Ue;j Fy;jPg; rpq;> fh;ehlf cah;ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpahf ,Ue;j re;Njh\; n`f;Nl MfpNahiu mth;fspd; rl;lj;Jiw gzp mDgtk; mbg;gilapy; Neubahf cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfshf epakpf;fyhk; vd;Wk; mf;FO ghpe;Jiuj;Js;sJ.

thf;Fg;gjptpy; gjpa rhjid: kf;fsitf;F 9 fl;lq;fshf eilngw;w Njh;jy; jpq;fs;fpoikAld; epiwtile;jJ. ,jpy; xl;L nkhj;jkhf 66.38 rjtPj thf;Ffs; gjpthfp> thf;Fg; gjtpy; Gjpa rhjid gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kd;dhs; gpujkh; ,e;jpuhfhe;jp gLnfhiyia mLj;J> fle;j 1984-Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w kf;fsitj; Njh;jypy; mjpfgl;rkhf 64.01 rjtPj thf;Ffs; gjpthfpapUe;jd. ,jid kpQ;Rk; tifapy;> ,e;j 16-MtJ kf;fsitj; Njh;jypy; 66.38 rjtPj thf;Ffs; gjpthfpAs;sd.

rpq;fg;G+hpypUe;J mjpf msT me;jpa Neub KjyPL ,e;jpahtpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Neub me;epa KjyPLfspy; fle;j epjp Mz;by; mjpf msT KjyPL rpq;fg;g+hpypUe;J te;Js;sJ. ,Jtiu nkhhP \pa]pypUe;J mjpf msT me;jpa Neub KjyPL ,e;jpahtpy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Mdhy; fle;j epjp Mz;by; rpq;fg;G+h; mjpf KjyPLfisr; nra;J Kjyplj;ijg; gpbj;Js;sJ. 201314k; epjp Mz;by; ,e;jpahtpy; nra;ag;gl;l Neub me;epa KjyPl;by; 25 rjtPjk; rpq;fg;G+hpypUe;J te;Js;sJ. rpq;fg;g+hpypUe;J 598 Nfhb lhyh; Neb me;jpa KjyPL rpq;fg;G+hpypUe;J fle;j Mz;L te;Js;sJ. nkhhP\pa]pypUe;J nkhj;jk; 485 Nfhb lhyh; te;Js;sjhf njhopy;nfhs;if kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;Lj; Jiw (bIgpgp) njhptpf;fpwJ. rpq;fg;g+Uld; nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l ,ul;il thp tpjpg;g jtph;g;G xg;ge;jj;jpy; KjyPl;Lf;fhd Mjhak; (vy;Xgp) xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;bUe;jjhy; KjyPLfs; ngUfpAs;sd. [pVVMh; tpjpKiwahy; ghjpg;G Vw;gLk; vd;w mr;rk; fhuzkhf nkhhP\pa]pypUe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; KjyPLfs; Fiwe;J NghdJ 2006-2007k; epjp Mz;Lf;Fg; gpwF rpq;fg;G+hpypUe;J kpf mjpf mstpyhd me;epa Neub KjyPL Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUg;gJ ,JNt Kjy; KiwahFk;. fle;j epjp Mz;by; (2013 -14) ,e;jpahtpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l me;jpa Neub KjyPl;L msT 8 rjtPjk; mjpfhpj;J 2>430 Nfhb lhyhiuj; njhl;Ls;sJ.

Nyhf; MAf;jh mUzhryg; gpuNjrj;jpy; Nyhf; MAf;j kNrhjhtpy; khepy Kjy;th; egk; Jfp ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;. Kjy;th; ,e;j kNrhjhtpy; ifnaOj;jpl;ljd; %yk; Nyhf; MAf;jh rl;lk; me;j khepyj;jpy; mkYf;F tUfpwJ.

fWg;Gg; gzk; rpwg;G Gydha;T FO eNue;jpu Nkhb jiyikapyhd mikr;ruit jdJ Kjy; mikr;ruitf; $l;lj;jpNyNa ntspehLfspy; gJf;fp ,Uf;Fk; fWg;Gg;gzj;ij kPl;L ,e;jpahTf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd rpwg;G Gydha;tf; FOit mikj;Js;sJ. Xa;Tngw;w ePjpgjp vk;.gp. \h jiytuhfTk; Xa;Tngw;w jiytuhfTk; ,Ug;gh;. ,f;FOtpy; tUtha;j;Jiwr; nrayh;> hpr;h;t; tq;fpapd; Jiz fth;dh; Neub thp tUtha; Mizaj;jpd; jiyth;> Gydha;Tj;Jiw ,af;Feh;> tUtha; Gydha;Tg; gphpT uh gphptpd; jiyth;fSk; cWg;gpdh;fshf cs;sdh;. fWg;Gg; gzj;jpd; msT Njhuhakhd fzf;Fg;gb 40 yl;rk; Nfhb &gha;. ];tpl;rh;yhe;J ehl;L tq;fpapy; ,e;jpah;fs; Nrkpj;J itj;Js;s njhif ,e;jpahtpd; ntspehl;Lf;flid tpl13 klq;F mjpfkhFk;. 2006k; Mz;L ];tpl;rh;yhe;J muR gl;bait ntspapl;lJ. mjpy; ,e;jpah Nghl;Ls;s njhif 1>45>600 Nfhb lhyh;> u\pah-47>000 Nfhb lhyh;> ,q;fpyhe;J -39>000 Nfhb lhyh; rPdh - 9>600 Nfhb lhyh; vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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,Nuhk; \h;kpsh

fle;j 13 Mz;Lfshf cz;zhtpuj;jpy; <Lgl;L tUk; kdpj chpik Mh;tyh; ,Nuhk; \h;kpsh njhptpj;Js;sJ. kzpg;G+h; khepyj;jpy; fle;j 1980,y; MAjg; gil rpwg;G mjpfhur; rl;lk; mky; gLj;jg;gl;ljpy; ,Ue;J me;j khepy kf;fs; re;jpj;J tUk; gpur;ridfs; Fwpj;J gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhbaplk; vLj;Jiuf;f Kaw;rpg;Ngd;. ,e;jr; rl;lj;ij uj;J nra;AkhW gpujhkiu typAWj;JNtd; vd;whh;

Science & Technology ‘Nrhyhh;” Fsph;ghdf; fil:

tpOg;Guj;ij mLj;j tisahk;gl;L fpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth; uhkjh];. ,th; GJr;Nrhhp fUtbFg;gk; fpof;Ff; flw;fiu rhiyapy; Gjpjhf #hpaxsp kpd;rf;jpahy; ,aq;Fk; Fsph;ghdf; filia mikj;Js;shh;. ,r;#hpa xsprf;jpahy; ,aq;Fk; filapd; Nkw;Gwj;jpy; #hpaxspias Nrkpf;F jfLfs; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,J Rkhh; 1000 thl;]; tiu kpd;rhuj;ij Nrkpf;Fk; jpwDs;sJ. ,e;j js;S tz;bapNyNa xU gphprh;> kpf;]p> tpsf;Ffs; cs;sd. ,J ,utpYk; ,aq;ff;$baJ. ,jd; nkhj;j &1.4 yl;rk; MFk;. ,ij NghNfh]; ,e;jpah vd;w xU jdpahh; epWtdk; mikj;J je;Js;sJ.

m];jpuh VTfiz:

Kw;wpYk; cs;ehl;bNyNa jahhpf;fg;gl;l tpkhdj;jpy; ,Ue;J Vtg;gl;L thdpy; ,yf;fifj; jhf;ff; $ba mjpetPd m];jpuh VTfizia ,e;jpah ntw;wpfukhf Vtp ghpNrhjpj;Js;sJ.

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Mfh\; VTfiz

vjphpehl;L tpkhdj;ij thdj;jpNyNa jhf;fp mopf;Fk; Mfh\; thd; jLg;GVTfizr; Nrhjid ntw;wpaile;Js;sJ. xb]h khepyk; ghyhNrhh; gFjpapy; mike;Js;s jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J 3 Mfh\; VTfizfs; Vtg;gl;ld. mit jho;thd gFjpapy; gwe;Jnfhz;bUe;j Mspy;yhj rpWtpkhdkhd yf; \;ahit Jy;ypakhfjhf;fp mopj;jd. ,e;jj;; jhf;Fjy; 5 epkplq;fspy; eilngw;W Kbe;jJvd;W njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j VTfizia tbtikf;Fk; gzpapy; <Lgl;l bMh;bXtpd; midj;J FOf;fSf;Fk; mjd; jiyth; mtpNd\; re;jh; tho;jJ ; njhptpj;Js;shh;.

NtW uj;jg; gphpT rpWePufk; nghUj;jp rpfpr;ir (tpNdhj;ghG):

rpWePuf khw;W mWitr; rpfpr;irf;F uj;j nrhe;jk; cs;s cwtpdh;fs; kl;LNk rpWePufj;ij jhdkhf nfhLf;f KbAk;. mJTk;> rpWePufj;ij ngWgth; kw;Wk; rpWePufj;ij jhdk; nfhLg;gthpd; uj;j gphpT xd;whf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; rpWePufj;ij nghUj;j KbAk;. NtW uj;j gphpit Nrh;e;j rpWePufj;ij nghUj;jpdhy;> uj;jj;jpy; cs;s vjph;g;G mZf;fs;> jhdk; ngw;w rpWePufj;ij mopj;JtpLk;. Kjd;Kiw NtW xU uj;j gphpit Nrh;e;j rpWePufj;ij mWitr; rpfpr;irapd; %ykhf nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpsh];kh Rj;jfhpg;G Kiwapd; %yk; uj;j vjph;g;G mZf;fis mopj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; vjph;g;G mZf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j etPd kUe;Jfis nfhz;L rpfpr;ir mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ghh;itaw;wth;fSf;fhd gpnua;yp nkhigy; Nghd; ,e;jpa kjpg;gpy; Rkhh; & 5900 tpiy eph;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;j Nghd; %yk;> ghh;itaw;wth;fs; vspjpy; kw;wth;fisj; njhlh;G nfhs;s KbAk; vdj; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpnua;yp Kiw njhpahjth;fSk; ,e;j Nghdpy; tof;fkhd Kiwapy; jfty;fisg; gbf;f KbAk;. Kg;ghpkhzj; njhopy; El;gj;Jld; mr;rbf;fg;gl;l fP NgLfisf; nfhz;l Kjy; gpnua;yp Nghd; ,JthFk;. ,e;jg; Nghdpy; Vw;nfdNt mr;rbf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; gpnua; yp vOj;Jfis ehk; Njitg;gl;lhy; mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,e;j njhopy;El;gj;Jf;F fhg;Ghpikf;fhf tpz;zg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd ,e;j nkhigy; Nghidf; fz;lwpe;j lhk; Re;jh;Nyz;l; njhptpj;Js;shh;.

rpWePuff; fw;fis ePf;f etPd rpfpr;irf; fUtpfs; mwpKfk; rpWePuff; fw;fis cilf;Fk; etPd rpfpr;ir fUtp N`hy;kpak; Nyrh; kw;Wk; gpnsf;]p AMh; v];) etPd vf;];Nu ghpNrhjidf; fUtp > uj;j ,og;ig Vw;gLj;jhj etPd yhg;uh];Nfhg;gp fUtp (`hh;Nkhdpf; ];fhy;gy;) rpWePuff; fw;fis Jy;ypakh cile;J rpWePh; %yk; ntspNaw;w etPd N`hy;kpak; Nyrh; fUtp cjTk;. Gpw fUtpfs; %yk; cilf;fg;gl;l rpWePuf; fw;fspd; Jfs;fs; rpWePufj;jpy; Njq;fp tpLK; epiyapy; mtw;iw mwNt ntspNaw;wTk; ,e;j N`hy;kpak; Nyrh; fUtp rpfpr;ir gyd; mspf;Fk;. Neha; ghjpg;G Vw;gLk; NghJk; rpWePuf khw;W mWit rpfpr;irapd; NghJk; rpWePufj;ij mfw;w uj;j ,og;G Vw;gLj;jjhj `hh;Nkhdpf; ];fhy;gy; fUtp yhg;uh]; Nfhg;gp fUtpf;F ,izahdJ.

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fj;jphp ntapy; Nk 4 Kjy; 27 Mk; Njjp tiu gjpthd mjpfgl;r ntapy; (bfphp ghud;`Pl;by;) efuk; mjpfgl;rk; Njjp nrd;id 110 Nk 23 Nfhit 101 Nk 4 NtY}h; 108 Nk 16 jpUr;rp 105 Nk 12 Nryk; 104 Nk 16 kJiu 104 Nk 18

Organizations & Schemes A[prp: n`r;.I.tp.> va;l;]; ghjpg;Gfs; Fwpj;j tptuq;fis ghlj;jpl;lq;fspy; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd gy;fiyf;fof khdpaf; FO (A[prp) midj;J gy;fiyf; fofq;fisAk; mwpTWj;jpAs;sJ. ,JFwpj;J A[prp nrayh; I];ghy; rpq; rhe;J midj;J gy;fiyf;fof JizNte;jh;fSf;Fk; mDg;gpAs;s Rw;wwpf;if tptuk;: n`r;.I.tp.> va;l;]; ghjpg;Gfisj; jLg;gjw;fhd Muha;r;rpfis cah;fy;tp epWtdq;fSf;Fk; tphpTgLj;Jtjw;fhf kj;jpa cah;fy;tpj; JiwAk; va;l;]; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; JiwAk; Ghpe;Jzh;T xg;ge;jk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sd. vdNt> va;l;]; my;yJ n`r;.I.tp. ghjpg;Gs;s khzth;fis xJf;fp itj;jy; my;yJ gpw khzth;fs; fpz;ly; nra;jy; Nghd;w rk;gtq;fisj; jLf;f cah;fy;tp epWtdq;fs; chpa eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> n`r;.I.tp>> va;l;]; ghjpg;Gfs; Fwpj;j tptuq;fis njhopy; gbg;G ghlj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; jpwd; Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lq;fspy; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ,JFwpj;j tpopg;Gzh;it ,izg;Gf; fy;Y}hpfSf;Fk; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.

Mrpa grpgpf; ehLfspd; khehL:

,e;NjhNdrpahtpd; ghyp jPtpy; nrt;tha;f;fpoik njhlq;fpaJ Mrpa - grpgpf; ehLfspd; xj;Jiog;G khehL njhlf;f tpohtpy; 54 ehLfspd; gpujpepjpfSld; fye;J nfhz;ldh;.

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Mrpahd; cr;rp khehL:

kpahd;kh; jiyefh; Neg;gplhtpy; jpq;fs;fpoik Nk 12-y; njhlq;fpaJ. 24tJ Mrpahd; mikg;G cr;rp khehl;by; ey;ypzf;fj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhf ifNfhj;J epd;w njd;fpof;F Mrpa ehl;Lj; jiyth;fs;

nrrp: fhe;jpa njhz;L epWtdkhd ‘nrrp”ahy; (Centre for Educational Social Cultural Intration) ,ytrkhf elj;jg;gLtJ khiy Neug; gs;spfs;. khiyapy; mQ;riu kzpf;F ,iw tzf;fj;Jld; njhlq;Fk; gs;spfs;> ,uT xd;gJ kzptiu elf;Fk;. rdpf;fpoikfspy; ghlk; vJTk; fpilahJ. Foe;ijfspd; jdpj; jpwd; gw;wpa tFg;Gfs;jhd; elf;Fk;.

mtpuy; fq;fheph;ky; fq;fhjpl;lk; fq;if ejpapd; Gdpjj;ijg; ghJfhf;feltbf;ifvLf;fg;gLk; vd;Wkj;jpaePh; tsj;Jiw kj;jpa ePh; tsj;Jiw>ejpePh; tsh;r;rpkw;Wk; fq;ifejp J}a;ikg;gLj;Jjy; mikr;ruhf ckhghujp ‘\;uk; \f;jp” gtdpy; njhptpj;jhh;. ,jw;fhf ‘mtpuy; fq;fheph;ky; fq;fh vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; ngahpy; fq;ifejp J}a;ikahf;fg;gLk; vd;whh;. ,e;j JiwfSf;fhd ,izmikr;ruhfre;Njh\; Fkhh; fq;FthUk; nghWg;Ngw;whh;.

Environment & Ecology Gypf;Fl;bfSf;F ngah; #l;ba Kjy;th;:

fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; tz;lY}hpy; cs;s mwpQh; mz;zh caphpay; G+q;fhtpy; mz;ikapy; gpwe;j Gypf;Fl;bfSf;F Kjyikr;rh; n[ayypjh nts;spf;fpoik ngah; #l;bdhh;. mD vd;w nts;isg;Gyp <d;nwLj;j ,uz;L ngz;Gyp Fl;bfSf;F jhuh kw;Wk; kPuh vd;Wk;> Xh; Mz; Gyp Fl;bf;F gPkh vd;Wk; Kjy;th; n[ayypjh ngahpl;lhh;. fle;j khh;r; 23-y; ek;Ujh vd;w Gyp <d;nwLj;j ,uz;L Mz; Gyp Fl;bfSf;F Mjpj;ah> fh;zh vd;Wk; ngah; #l;bdhh;. NkYk; rj;akq;fyk; tdg;gFjpapy; Mjutw;w epiyapy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;L tz;lY}h; caphpay; G+q;fhtpy; tsh;f;fg;gl;L tUk; ngz;Gyp Fl;bf;F cj;uh vd;Wk; Kjy;th; n[ayypjh ngah; #l;bdhh;.

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tdtpyq;Ffis ghJfhf;Fk; #hpa xsp Mo;Jis fpzWfs;

Nfhil fhyj;jpy; tdtpyq;Ffspd; FbePh; Njitf;fhf #hpa xsp kpd;rf;jp Kiwapyhd 30Mo; Jiw fpzWfs; fhLfSf;Fs; mikf;fgl;ld. &.2.81 Nfhb kjpg;gpyhd ,e;j jpl;lj;ij Kjy;th; n[ayypjh mz;ikapy; mwptpj;jhh;. mjd; gb jkpofj;jpy; cs;s 4 Gypfs; ruzhyak cs;sgl30 ,lq;fspy; 400 mbapy; Mo;Jisf; fpzWfs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. Xt;nthU Mo; Jisf;fpzWfspYk; #hpa xsp kpd;rhuj;jpy; ,aq;Fk; jhdpaq;fp ePh;%o;fp Nkhl;lhh; gk;Gfs; nghUj;jg;gl;ld. jhdpaq;fp Nkhl;lhh;fs; %yk; epyj;jpypUe;J ePh; cwpQ;rg;gl;L Nky;epiyj; njhl;bapy; Njf;fp itf;fg;gLfpwJ. mq;fpUe;J tdg;gFjpapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpwe;j ntsp ePh;Njf;fj;Jf;F jz;zPh; jpwe;J tplg;gLfpwJ. Miz kiy Gypfs; fhg;gfk;> KJkiy Gypfs; fhg;gfk; fsf;fhL> Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gfk;> rj;jpakq;fyk; Gypfs; fhg;gk; Mfpa ehd;F ,lq;fspy; & .44 yl;rj;jpy; ,g;gzpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. ,ijj; jtpu jUkGhp> fpU\;zfphp> Nfhit> NtY}h; cs;spl;l khtl;lq;fspy; cs;s tdg;gFjpf;Fs; 26 ,lq;fspy; &. 2.37 Nfhb nrytpy; gzpfs; eilngw;wd. ,e;j Gjpa Kaw;rpapd; %yk; jz;zPUf;fhf tdtpyq;Ffs; ,lk;ngah;tJ ,e;jKiw Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ.

Nk 23 - cyf Mikfs; jpdk;: ,e;jpaf; flw;fiufspy; Kl;ilapl;L FQ;R nghwpf;Fk; Mikfs; Mypt; hpl;yp vd;w tifiar; rhh;e;jit. ,e;j MikfSf;F [dthp Kjy; khh;r; khjk; tiu ,dg;ngUf;f fhyk; MFk;. Mypt; hpl;yp Mikfs;> xb]h cs;spl;l ,e;jpaf; fly;gFjpfspy; mjpf mstpy; ,dg;ngUf;f nra;fpd;wd. Mypt; hpl;yp Mikfspd; Kf;fpa czT n[y;yp kPd;fshFk;. n[y;yp kPd;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; kw;w kPd;fspd; cw;gj;jp ,Uf;fhJ. kPd;tsj;ijg; nghpJk; ghjpf;Fk; n[y;yp kPd;fis mopg;gjpy; fly; Mikfs; ngUk;gq;F tfpf;fpd;wd. ,e;jpa tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; 1972-d; gb Mypt; hpl;yp Mikfs; mope;J tUk; mhpa tif caphpdq;fspd; gl;baypy; cs;sJ.

Mypq; hpl;yp Mikf; FQ;Rfs;:

[dthp Kjy; khh;r; khjk; tiu Mypq; hpl;yp MikfSf;F ,dg;ngUf;f fhykhFk;. mg;NghJ me;j tif Mikfs; flYf;Fs; ,Ue;J ntspapy; te;J flw;fiu kzypy; Kl;ilapl;L nry;Yk;. mope;J tUk; mhpatif caphpdkhd ,e;j Mypt; hpl;yp Mikiag; ghJfhf;Fk; Kbtpid 25 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF tdj;Jiw vLj;jJ. ,ijaLj;J khepyk; KOtJk; cs;s flw;fiug; gFjpfspy; Mik Kl;ilfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; gzpapy; tdj;Jiwapdh; fle;j rpy khjq;fshf <Lgl;ldh;. nrd;idiag; nghUj;jtiu ngrd;l; efh; flw;fiu gFjpfspy; tdj;Jiw rhh;gpy; 85 ,lq;fspy; 11 Mapuj;J 100 Mypt; hpl;yp Kl;ilfs; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L te;jd. mtw;wpy;

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,Jtiu 9500 Kl;ilfspy; ,Ue;J FQ;Rfs; nghwpe;Js;sjhfTk; mit gj;jpukhf flYf;Fs; tplg;gl;ljhfTk; tdj;Jiw mjpfhhpfs; njhptpj;jdh;. kPd;gpb jilf;fhyk; mkypy; ,Ug;gjhy; jw;NghJ flypy; tplg;gLk; Mikf; FQ;Rfs; tpirg; glfpy; rpf;fp caphpof;f tha;g;gpy;iy 5000 Mz;LfSf;F Ke;ija Xtpaq;fs;:

tpOg;Guj;ij mLj;j rpWthiy vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; 5000 Mz;LfSf;F Ke;ija njhy;goq;fhy Xtpaq;fs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 11/2 kPl;lh; ePsKk;> 50 nr.kP. mfyKk; nfhz;lJ. ,J fhtp epwj;jpy; rw;Nw njsptw;w epiyapy; cs;sJ. ,J xU ,df;FO jiytp> Ntl;ilahba gpd; jd; tPuh;fSld; Ntl;ilahba czTfisj; jkJ ,Ug;gplj;Jf;F ,uz;L tz;bfspy; vLj;Jr; nry;tJNghy mike;Js;sJ. ,J xU rlq;if czh;j;JtjhfNth> Ntl;ilahLjiy czh;jJ ; tjhfNth $l ,Uf;fyhk;. ,Jtiu fpilj;Js;s njhy;goq;fhy Xtpaq;fistpl> ,jpy; ,uz;L rf;fuq;fisAk; tz;biaAk; njspthf NtWgLj;jp mwpaKbfpwJ. ,J Gjpa fw;fhy> ngUq;fw;fhy Ntl;il r%f kf;fspd; ehfhpf tsh;r;rpiar; Rl;Lk; Kf;fpa Mjhuk;. ,q;Nf fw;fhy kdpjh;fs; Kjy; gy;NtW r%fq;fs; ,q;Fs;s Fif> Fd;Wfspy; tho;e;jpUg;gij mwpa KbfpwJ.

rpj;jd;dthry; - tUk; rpWfy; G+q;fh: GJf;Nfhl;il khtl;lk; rpj;jd;dthry; Rw;Wyhj;juj;jpy; njhy;ypay; Jiwapd; fz;fhzpg;gpy; Rkhh; 2>500 Mz;LfSf;F Ke;ija fy;yiwfs;> KJkf;fs; jhopfs;> jkpo; gpuhkpf; fy;ntl;Lfs;> rkzh; gLf;iffs;> cyfg;Gfo; ngw;w Xtpaq;fis cs;slf;fpa Fiff;Nfhapy; Mfpad njhd;ik rpwg;ig giwrhw;Wfpd;wd. ,ijaLj;J jw;Nghija khepy muR &.2.55 Nfhbapy; rpWfy; G+q;fh> Eiothapy;> ,aw;gpay; jj;Jtg; G+q;fh> ,ireP&w;W rPuikg;G> jkpod;id rpiy Mfpad mikf;fg;gl;L 2014 [dthp 5-k; Njjp kf;fspd; gad;ghl;Lf;F nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhj msTf;F Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; rpj;jd;dthrYf;F te;J nry;tij fhzKbfpwJ. ,jpy; &.16 yl;rj;jpy; RidAld; $ba ghiwg;gFjpapy; ,Uk;G Ntyp mikf;fg;gl;L mjpy; GJf;Nfhl;il khtl;lj;jpd; tuyhw;iw njhpe;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy; fy;ypy; nrJf;fg;gl;l 21 rpw;gq;fs; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. khk;go murd;:

cj;jpugpuNjrj;ijr; Nrh;e;j khk;go tptrhap> jhd; cw;gj;jp nra;J mWtilf;fhf fhj;jpUf;Fk; Gjpa uf khk;goj;jpw;F ‘eNkh Mk;” vd;W ngah; itj;Js;shh;. mth; gj;k= tpUJ ngw;wtUkhd `h[p fyPKy;yh Mthh;. ,e;j Gjpa uf khk;gok; Nkhbf;Fg; nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gjhy;> mtUf;F mh;g;gzpf;Fk; tifapy; ,e;j khk;goj;jpw;F mtuJ ngaiur; #l;bAs;Nsd;. Kjy; khk;gok; Nkhbf;F mDg;gg;gLk;. mth; Ritj;Jg; ghh;jJ ; > ,e;j khk;goj;jpw;F cyfr; re;ijapy; xU ey;y tha;g;ig ngw;Wj; jUthh;. ‘khk;go murd;” vd;W miof;fg;gLk; fyPKy;yh Kd;Gk; ,JNghy; cw;gj;jp nra;j khk;goq;fSf;F gy jiyth;fspd; ngaiu itj;Js;shh;. khk;go cw;gj;jpf;F ngah; ngw;w yf;Nds khtl;lk;> khyp`hghj; efhpy; kugZ Kiwapy; xNu kuj;jpy; ,Ue;J 300 uf khk;goq;fis fyPKy;yh cw;gj;jp nra;Js;shh;.

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INDIA & ITS NEIGHBOURS epyr;rhpT:

Mg;dpd; mgp-ghhpf; fpuhkj;jpy; nts;spf;fpoik Nk-2 Vw;gl;l epyr;rhptpy; rpf;fpAs;sth;fisj; NjLk; gzpapy; <Lgl;Ls;s kPl;Gf; FOtpdh;. ,e;j epyr;rhptpy;> 300 tPLfs; GijAz;Ls;sjhfTk;> Rkhh; 300 Nghpd; caphpog;G cWjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhfTk; mjpfhhpfs; njhptpj;Js;sdh;.

INuhg;gpa A+dpadplk; khk;gok; ,wf;Fkjp kPjhd jilia ePf;f Nfhhpf;if:

28 ehLfis cWg;gpdh;fshff; nfhz;l INuhg;gpa A+dpad;> fle;j khh;r; khjj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; cah;ju my;Nghd;rh khk;go ,wf;Fkjp Nk khjj;jpypUe;J epWj;jg;gLk; vd njhptpj;jJ. khk;goq;fspy; G+r;rpj; njhw;W ,Ug;gjhf $wp 2015 brk;gh; khjk; tiu jil tpjpf;fg;gLtjhf INuhg;gpa A+dpad; njhptpj;jJ. “,e;jpa khk;goq;fSf;F INuhg;gh xU nghpa re;ij ,y;iy. vdpDk; ve;j xU jilAk; khk;goj;jpd; tpiyia Fiwj;J tpLk;. ,jdhy; tptrhapfSf;F tUkhdk; nghpJk; FiwAk;. khk;goj;jpw;F kl;Lky;yhky; rpy fha;fwpfSf;F k; INuhg;gh jil tpjpj;Js;sJ. jhuhs th;j;jf xg;ge;jk; njhlh;ghf Ngr;R thh;j;ij ele;J tUk; epiyapy; ,J xU nghpa gpd;dilthf fUjg;gLfpwJ. 2007-mk; Mz;bypUe;J ,e;j xg;ge;jk; njhlh;ghf INuhg;gpa A+dpaDld; ,e;j xg;ge;jk; njhlh;ghf INuhg;gpa A+dpaDld; ,e;jpah Ngr;Rthh;j;ij elj;jp tUfpwJ. ,U jug;gpYk; rpy epge;jidfs; fhuzkhf ,d;Dk; ,e;j xg;ge;jk; epiwNtwhkNyNa cs;sJ. ePz;lfhykhf INuhg;gh ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;nghpa th;j;jf gq;Fjhuuhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. vdNt INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;Jld; jhuhs th;jj ; f xg;ge;jk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gl;rj;jpy; ,U jug;gpYk; KjyPl;L tha;g;Gfs; mjpfhpf;Fk; vd;gJld;> gu];gu th;j;jfKk; (Vw;Wkjp + ,wf;Fkjp) gd;klq;F caUk;. rh;tNjr mstpy; khk;go cw;gj;jpay; ,e;jpah Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ. cyfpd; nkhj;j khk;go cw;gj;jpapy; ,e;jpahtpd; gq;F Rkhh; 50 rjtPjk; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ek; ehl;bypUe;J Vw;WkjpahFk; khk;goq;fspy; 80 rjtPjKk; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;F nry;fpwJ.

rPdhtpy; cyfpd; kpf caukhd uapy; Ruq;fg;ghij jpwg;G: cyfpd; kpf caukhd uapy; Ruq;fg;ghij rPdhtpy; tpahof;fpoik jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. tlNkw;F rPdhtpy; cs;s fd;R kw;Wk; [pd;[pahq; khfhzq;fSf;fpilNa yd;]pd; vd;w ngauhpy; mjpNtf uapy; ghij xd;W 1.776 fp.kP J}uj;Jf;F mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j uapy; ghijapd; 16.3 fp.kP J}uk; fpypahd; kiyfSf;fpilNa Ruq;fg;ghijahf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Ruq;fg;ghij 3>607>4 kPl;lh; cauj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk; cyfpd; kpfTk; caukhd uapy; Ruq;fg;ghij vd;w ngUikia ,e;jr; Ruq;fg;ghij ngw;Ws;sJ.

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,e;jpa kpsfha;f;F rT+jp mNugpah jil: Nk 30 k; Njjp Kjy; ,e;jpahtpypUe;J kpsfha; ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;F jiltpjpf;Fk; Kbit rT+jp Ntshz;ik mikr;rfk; vLj;Js;sJ. ,e;jpahtpypUe;J ,wf;Fkjpahd kpsfhia khjphpf;fhf Nrhjid nra;jNghJ mjpy; G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp kUe;J mjpf mstpy; gbe;J ,Ug;gJ njhpate;jJ. 2013k; Mz;L Vg;uy; etk;gh; fhyj;jpy; 181500 ld; vilnfhz;l 30 yl;rk; lhyh; kjpg;G kpsfhia ,e;jpah Vw;Wkjp nra;jjhf ,e;jpa thrid jputpaq;fs; thhpak; njhptpj;Js;sJ.

Xghkhtpd; Mrpa tp[ak;:

mnkhpf;f mjpgh; guhf; xghkh mwptpj;j ,yf;F Mrpah vd;fpw ntspAwTf; nfhs;ifapd; njhlh;r;rpahf rkPgj;jpy; mth; ehd;F Mrpa ehLfSf;F Nkw;nfhz;lhh; muR Kiwg; gazk; muR Kiwg; gazkhf mnkhpf;f mjpgh; guhf; xghkh rkPgj;jpy; [g;ghd;> njd;nfhhpah> gpypg;igd;];> kNyrpah Mfpa ehd;F ehLfSf;Fk; tp[ak; nra;jhh;. ,e;j ehd;F ehLfisj; Njh;e;njLj;J mnkhpf;f mjpgh; tp[ak; nra;jpUg;gJ rh;tNjr murpay; Neh;ffhsh;fspd; ftdj;ijf; fth;e;jpUg;gjw;F ,d;ndhU Kf;fpakhd fhuzKk; cz;L. ,e;j ehd;F ehLfSNk rPdhtpd; mz;il ehLfs; vd;gJk; mjpgh; xghkhtpd; njd;nfhhpah> kNyrpah tp[aq;fs; me;j ehLfspNyNa$l Xh; mnkhpf;fh mjpghpd; tp[ak; ngw Ntz;ba Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; ngwtpy;iy. njd;nfhhpahtpy; ele;j glF tpgj;Jk; kNyrpa Vh;iyd;]; tpkhdk; fhw;NwhL fye;J tpl;l khaKk; me;j ehLfspd; Clfq;fspy; Kjd;ikr; nra;jpahf ntspte;jJ nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy; mnkhpf;fh mjpghpd; tp[ak; jpl;lkplg;gl;lNj$l jtwhd mZFKiw tl nfhhpahTldhd njd; nfhhpahtpd; gpur;idfspy; mnkhpf;fh jdJ KO MjuitAk; njd;nfhhpahtpd; gpur;idfspy; mnkhpf;fh jdJ KO MjuitAk; njd;nfhhpahTf;F toq;fk; vd;fpw mjpgh; xghkhtpd; cWjpnkhop kpfg;nghpa tuNtw;igg; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk; Mdhy; njd;nfhhpa glF tpgj;jhy; Vw;gl;l Jf;fk; me;j kfpo;r;rpf;F ,lkspf;fhky; jLj;Jtpl;lJ. Xghkhtpf; gpypg;igd;]; tp[ak; mnkhpf;fhTf;F ntw;wpahf mike;jJ vdyhk;. me;j ehl;Lld; mjpgh; xghkh ifnaOj;jpl;l gj;jhz;L uhZt xg;ge;jj;jpd; mjpgh; xghkh ifnaOj;jpl;l gj;jhz;L uhZt xg;ge;jj;jpd; %yk; mq;Nf mnkhpf;fh uhZtg; gilfspd; vz;z pf;if mjpfhpg;ig gpypg;igd;]; xg;Gf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. NkYk; mnkhpf;f uhZtj;jpd; Nghh; tpkhdq;fs; Nghh;f; fg;gy;fs; Mfpait gpypg;igd;]; ehl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk; me;j xg;ge;jk; toptif nra;jpUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; xghkhtpd; [g;ghd; tp[ak; nghpa ntw;wpia mile;jjhfr; nrhy;y KbahJ. ,U ehLfSf;F ,ilNaahd th;j;jf cld;gbf;if ifnaOj;jhfhjjhy; grpgpf; ngUq;fliy xl;ba 12 ehLfSf;F ,ilNaahd th;j;jf cld;ghL KOik ngwhky; Njf;fkile;jpUf;fpwJ. [g;ghdpd; gFjpfshd nrq;f$ kw;Wk; ilNahA jPTfis rPdh nrhe;jk; nfhz;lhLfpwJ. ,e;jg; gpur;idapy; mnkhpf;fhtpd; KO MjuTk; [g;ghDf;F cz;L vd;W $l;lwpf;if %yk; ,e;jj; jPTfisg; ghJfhg;gjpy; [g;ghDf;Fj; Jiz epw;gjhf mwptpj;jpUf;fpwhh; mjpgh; xghkh.

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tPby;iy: rpq;fg;G+hpy; ghFghL: rpq;fg;G+hpy; tPL thliff;F jUtjpy;> ,e;jpah;fs; kPJ ghFghL fhl;LtJ mjpfhpj;J tUfpwJ. tPL thlif njhlh;ghd ,izajs tpsk;guq;fspy; ‘,e;jpah;fs; kw;Wk; rPdh;fSf;F thliff;F jUtjpy;iy” vd;W ntspg;gilahfNt Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;. ,e;jpah;fs; kw;Wk; rPdh;fSf;F vjpuhd ,e;j ghFghl;lhy; vt;tsT njhopyhsh;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;fs; vd;w tptuk; njspthf njhpatpy;iy vd;W gp.gp.rp. nra;jp epWtdk; $WfpwJ. ‘,e;jpah;fs; mjpf krhyhg; nghUl;fis rikaypy; Nrh;g;ghh;fs;. ,e;j thrid vq;fSf;Fg; gpbf;fhJ> mth;fs; tPLfis Rj;jkhf itj;Jf; nfhs;skhl;lhh;fs;” Nghd;w fhuzq;fis rpq;f g;G+h;thrpfs; njhptpf;fpd;wduhk;. gy;NtW ,d kf;fs; thOk; rpq;fg;G+hpy; rPdh;fs; 9 rjtPjKk;> ,ju kf;fs; 3 rjtPjKk; trpf;fpd;wdh;. 90 rjtPj rpq;fg;G+h;thrpfs; nrhe;j tPL itj;Js;sdh;. ,th;fs; jq;fs; tPl;bd; xU gFjpia thliff;F tpLfpd;wdh;. ,q;F thliff;F FbapUg;gth;fs; ngUk;ghyhNdhh; ntspehl;bdh;. tPL thliff;Fj; jUtjpy; ,e;jpah;fSf;F vjpuhf ghFghl;il jLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd rpq;fg;G+h; mjpgh; Nlhdp Nld; kw;Wk; gpujkh; yP nrapd; MfpNahhplk; ‘A+dpth;ry; nrhirl;b Mg; `pe;Jap]k;” mikg;gpd; uh[d; Nrj; Nfhhpf;if tpLj;Js;shh; .

mkpjhg;gr;rd; ngahpy; fy;tp cjtpj; njhif:

nky;Nghh;d; yh l;Nuhg; gy;fiyf; fofk; 1964-k; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghjpUe;Nj> ,e;jpahTld; tYthd cwitg; Ngzp tUfpwJ me;jg; gy;fiyf;fofk;. Kd;dhs; gpujkh; ,e;jpuhfhe;jp cs;spl;Nlhh; tUif je;Js;s ,e;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ,g;NghJ 1>100-f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ,e;jpa khzth;fs; gapy;fpd;wdh;. ,e;jg; gy;fiyf;fofk; gpugy ,e;jp ebfh; mkpjhg; gr;rDld; ,ize;J fy;tpr; Nrit Ghpa jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. mjd; xU gFjpahf mkpjhg; ngahpy; fy;tp cjtpj; njhifj; jpl;lk; xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpAs;s J. Clfk;> b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; jfty; njhlh;gpay; Mfpa Jiwfspy; Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;Sk; ,e;jpa khzth; xUtUf;F ehd;F Mz;LfSf;F xU Kiw epjpAjtp toq;fg;gLk;. njw;F #lhdpy; mikjp xg;ge;jk;: njw;F #lhdpy; 5 khjq;fshf eilngw;W te;j cs;ehl;L rz;ilahy; me;ehL kPjhd ek;gpf;if> kf;fspd; epk;kjp #iwahlg;gl;bUe;jJ. gpur;ridia KbTf;F nfhz;L tUk; tifapy; mjpgh; ry;th fPh; kw;Wk; mjpUg;jpahsh;fspd; jiyth; hPf; khr;rh; MfpNahh; vj;jpNahg;gpahtpd; jiyefh; mb]; mghghtpy; Nk 11 rdpf;fpoik ifnaOj;jpl;lJ. 24 kzp Neuj;jpw;F s; Nghiu KbTf;F nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;ldh;. nrd;idapy; ifjhd ghf;.jPtputhjp rjp mk;gyk;: ghfp];jhdpd; Iv];I csthspahf nray;gl;l jPtputhjp> nrd;idapy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;lhd;. [hfPh; cNrdpd; gpd;dzpapy; ,yq;ifapy; cs;s ghfp];jhd; J}juf mjpfhhpfs; cs;sjhf jfty;fs; ntspahfp cs;sd. ,ijj; njhlh;e;J mth;fsplk; tprhuiz elj;JtJ gw;wpAk; rl;l epGzh;fSld; fpA+ gphpT NghyPrhh; MNyhrid Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sdh;. jPtputhjpfis nrd;idf;F mioj;J tUtjw;fhd Nghyp gh];Nghh;l;fis jahhpf;Fk; gzpAk; [hfPh; cNrdplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jjhf $wg;gLfpwJ. mtdplk; ,Ue;J Nrl;biyl; Nghd;> tiuglk;> mnkhpf;f lhyh;> fs;sNehl;Lfs; gwpKjy; nra;ag;gl;ld.

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jha;yhe;J gpujkh; ePf;fk;:

jha;yhe;J gpujkh; apq;yf; \pdtj;uh kw;Wk; Nfgpdl; mikr;rh;fs; 9 Ngiu gjtp tpyFkhW me;ehl;bd; murpay; rhrd ePjpkd;wk; cj;jutpl;lJ. ,ilf;fhy gpujkuhf th;jj ; f mikr;rh; epthl;lk;uhq; G+d;rhq; ga;rhd; vd;gtiu ,ilf;fhy gpujkuhf vQ;rpa mikr;rh;fs; Njh;T nra;Js;sdh;.

2 ,e;jpa gj;jphpifahsh;fs; ntspNaw ghfp];jhd; cj;juT: ghfp];jhdpy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; gp.b.I. nra;jp epWtdj;jpd; nra;jpahsh; ];NeN`\; mnyf;]; ‡gpypg;> ,e;J gj;jphpifapd; nra;jpahsh; kPdh Nkdd; Mfpa ,UtUf;Fk; jhd; muR mDg;gpaJ. cq;fSila tprh> fhy ePl;bg;G nra;ag;gltpy;iy> ,Ug;gpDk; ePq;fs; ,UtUk; ,];yhkhghjpy; 9 khjq;fshf jq;fpapUf;fpwPh;fs; . vdNt ,k;khjk; 20Mk; Njjpf;Fs; ntspNaWkhW ghfp];jhd; muR cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ. ghfp];jhdpy; ,Ue;J ,e;jpa gj;jphpifahsh;fis ntspNaw;Wk; nray;> ghfp];jhdpd; gpw;Nghf;fhd eltbf;if vd;W ,e;jpah fz;ldk; njhptpj;Js;sJ. epA+ahh;f; ilk;]; gj;jphpifahsh; nlf;yhd; thy;i \> fle;j Mz;L ghfp];jhd; muR ve;jtpj tpsf;fKk; $whky; ntspNaw;wpaJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

ehl;bd; jiyth;fs; V1- tprh ngw jFjp gilj;jth;fs;: ‘may;ehl;Lj; jiyth;fs; mnkhpf;fhtpd; V1-tprh ngWtjw;F jFjp gilj;jth;fs;” vd;W mnkhpf;fh ntspAwTj;Jiw mikr;rf nra;jpj; njhlh;ghsh; n[d;rhfp njhptpj;Js;shh;.

njd;nfhhpah gpujkh;: njd; nfhhpahtpd; gpujkh; gjtpf;F me;ehl;L cr;r ePjpkd;w Kd;dhs; ePjpgjpapd; ngaiu mjpgh; ghh;f;[pA+d; i` tpahof;fpoik ghpe;Jiu nra;jhh;. fle;j khjk; me;ehl;by; epfo;e;j glF tpgj;jpy; 300 Ngh; caphpoe;j tptfhuk; njhlh;ghf gpujkh; rq; `hq; Nthd; gjtp tpyfpaiu mLj;J> jw;NghJ Gjpa gpujkuhf Md;lha; `P (50) Njh;njLf;fg;gl;L cs;shh;.

NghNfh ùhk; ‘jPtputhjf; FO” I.eh. mwptpg;G: my;-fha;jh jPtputhj FOTld; njhlh;Gilajhf $wg;gLk; NghNfh ùhk; mikg;ig ‘jPtputhjf; FO” vd I.eh. ghJfhg;G fTd;rpy; tpahof;fpoik mwptpj;jJ. mijaLj;J> jil nra;ag;gl;l mikg;Gfspd; gl;baypy; me;j mikg;gpd; ngaiuAk; ghJfhg;G fTd;rpy; Nrh;j;Js;sJ. rkPgj;jpy; ie[Phpahtpd; rpNghf;fpy; gs;sp khztpfs; 200f;Fk; Nkw;gl;lth;fis flj;jpa NghNfh ùhk; mikg;Gf;F vjpuhf cyf mstpy; fz;ldk; vOe;Js;sJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

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nfhilf;fhdypy; 53MtJ kyh; fz;fhl;rp

nfhilf;fhdpy; Nfhlil tpohtpy; Kd;dpl;L gpiuaz;l; G+q;fhtpy; 53MtJ kyh;f;fz;fhl;rp Qhapw;Wf;fpoik Nk 24 njhlhq;fpaJ. kyh;f; fz;fhl;rp muq;if jkpof epjp kw;Wk; nghJg;gzpj;Jiw mikr;rh; x. gd;dPh;nry;tk; jpwe;J itj;jhh;.

cjif 118tJ kyh; fhl;rp epiwT

Nk 23 cjifapy; 118tJ kyh;f;fhl;rp Jtq;fpaJ. 3 ehl;fs; eilngw;w ,e;j kyh;f;fhl;rpia Kjy; ehspy; 28>475 NgUk;> ,uz;lhtJ ehspy; 27>846 NgUk; epiwT ehshd Qhapw;Wf;fpoik 50>033 NgUkhf 1>06>354 Rw;Wyhg; gzpfSld; 15>000f;F Nkw;gl;l rpwg;G miog;ghsh;fSk; fz;Lfspj;jjhf mjpfhhpfs; njhptpj;jdh;. ,e;j Mz;bd; rpwe;j kyuhf bA+g; u]; ngNfhdpah Njh;T nra;ag;gl;L ghprspf;fg;gl;lJ.

Kjy; Kiwahf Nk 26 Qhapw;Wf;fpoik kJiuapy; KO Neu ePjpkd;wk;

nrd;id cah; ePjpkd;w 150 Mz;Lfhy tuyhw;wpy; Kjd;Kiwahf tpLKiw ehshd Qhapw;Wf;f poik cah;ePjpkd;w kJiuf;fpisapy; KO Neu ePjpkd;wk; eilngw;wJ. nrd;id cah; ePjpkd;wk; fle;j 1862-k; Mz;L [Pd; 26-k; Njjp njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. 2012 nrg;lk;gh; 8-k; Njjp 150 tJ Mz;L tpoh ntF tpkhpirahf eilngw;wJ. nrd;id cah;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; kJiu fpis 2004-k; Mz;L [Piy 24-k; Njjp njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpy; fd;dpahFkhhp> ney;iy> J}j;Jf;Fb> kJiu> jpz;Lf;fy;> Njdp> uhkehjGuk;>tpUJefh;> rptfq;if> GJf;Nfhl;il> jQ;rhT+H;> jpUr;rp> f&h; Mfpa 13 khtl;lq;fisr; Nrh;e;j tof;Ffs; tprhuiz eilngWfpwJ. cah; ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F Qhapw;Wf;fpoik tpLKiw ehshFk;. rpiwf; ifjpfSf;F gNuhy; Nfl;L tpLKiw ehs;fspy; mtrukhf jhf;fy; nra;ag;gLk; kDf;fs;> jiyik ePjpgjpf;F njhptpf;fg;gl;L mtuhy; epakpf;fg;gLk; ePjpgjp Kd;G tprhuizf;F nfhz;L tug;gLtJ tof;fk;. me;j tprhuiz rpy kzp Neuk; kl;LNk eilngWk;. KO Neukhf Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; ePjpkd;wq;fs; nray;gl;lJ ,y;iy.

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xU kzp Neu Cjpak; & 1500 Rtpl;rh;yhe;jpy; xU kzp Neu Fiwe;jgl;r Cjpak; 1500 &ghahf eph;zapg;gJ njhlh;ghf Qhapw;Wf;fpoik Nk 18 nghJ thf;nfLg;G elj;jg;gl;lJ. Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfspy; Fiwe;jgl;r Cjpak; xU kzp Neu mbg;gilapy; eph;zapf;fg;gLfpwJ. mjd;gb mnkhpf;fhtpy; xU kzp Neu Fiwe;jgl;r Cjpak; & 435 MfTk; n[h;kdpapy; & 60 MfTk; cs;sJ.Rtpl;rh;yhe;jpy; nghJ thf;nfLg;G elj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. me;j ehl;L rl;l tpjpfspd;gb VjhtJ xU Kf;fpag; gpur;rpid Fwpj;J xU yl;rk; Ngh; ifnaOj;jpl;L murplk; mzpj;jhy; me;jg; gpur;rpid Fwpj;J kf;fsplk; nghJthf;nfLg;g elj;;jg;gl;L mth;fs; mzpf;Fk; jPh;g;gpd;gb KbntLf;fg;gLk;. Fiwe;jgl;r Cjpak; njhlh;ghf gy;NtW njhopw;rq;fq;fs; rhh;gpy; xU yl;rk; Nghplk; ifnaOj;J ngwg;gl;L mz;ikapy; murplk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd; mbg;gilapy; ,g;NghJ thf;nfLg;G elj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;F Mjuthf kf;fs; jPh;g;gspj;jhy; cyfpNyNa mjpf Cjpak; toq;fg;gLk; ehL vd;w ngUikia Rtpl;rh;yhe;J ngWk;.

NghNfh `uhk; jPtputhj mikg;G ,e;j jPtputhj mikg;G rkPgj;jpy; 220 gs;spf; Foe;ijfis flj;jpr; nrd;wJld; mth;fis tpLtpf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; rpiwapy; cs;s jq;fs; ,af;fj;jpdiu tpLjiy nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfhhp tUtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ie[Phpa mjpgh; Fl;yf; N[hdhjd;> NghNfh `uhk; cs;@h; jPtpu thj mikg;g my;y. mJ my;fha;jhitg; Nghd;W jpl;lkpl;L jPtputhjr; nray;fspy; <Lgl;L tUfpwJ. Me;j mikg;ig mopf;f gpuhe;jpa mstpy; ,ize;J nray;glTs;Nshk; vd;whh;.

rT+jpapy; nkh;]; itu]; jhf;Fjy; rT+jpapy; fle;j 2012-k; Mz;by; Kjd;Kiwahf nkh;];l itu]; jhf;Fjy; mwpFwp njd;dgl;lJ. ,Jtiu ,e;j itu]hy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; vz;zpf;if 529 Mf mjpfhpj;Js;sjhf me;ehl;L Rfhjhu mikr;rfk; njhptpj;Js;sJ. vfpg;j> N[hh;lhd;> nygdhd;> nejh;yhe;J> AV, cs;spl;l ghiytd ehLfspYk; ,e;j itu]hy; jhf;fg;gl;l rpyh; rpfpr;ir ngw;W tUfpd;wdh;. ,e;j khjk; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; Ma;T Nkw;nfhz;l cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk;> Neha; guTtijf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ghf toq;fg;gl;l tpjpKiwfis gpd;gw;w tpy;iy vd Fw;wk; rhl;b cs;sJ. ,jdhNyNa rT+jpapy; ,e;j Neha; gutp tUtjhfTk; $wpAs;sJ.

cyfpd; kpfg;nghpa ilNdhrhpd; vYk;Gfs; mh;n[d;bdhtpy; fz;Lgpbg;G

mh;n[d;bdhtpy; cyfpd; kpfg;nghpa ilNdhrhpd; Gij gbtq;fs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,Jtiu fz;lwpag;gl;l ilNdh]h;fspNyNa ,Jjhd; kpfg;nghpajhFk;. 14 Mg;gphpf;f ahidfSf;F ,izahdJk;> 7 khb msTf;Fg; nghpaJkhd ,e;j ilNdhrh;jhd; cyfpNyNa kpfg;nghpa tpyq;F vd tpQ;Qhdpfs; njhptpj;Js;sdh;. ill;lNdhrh; vDk; jhtu cz;zp tifiar; Nrh;e;jJ. 65 mb cauk;> 130 mb ePsk;> 77 Mapuk; fpNyh vilia cilaJ. ,Jtiu fpilj;j ilNdhrh; njhy;gbtq;fspy; ,Jjhd; kpfg;nghpajhFk;. ,Jjhd; ,g;g+kpapy; cytpa kpfg;ngUk; caphpdkhFk;. jiyapypUe;J thy; tiu 40 kPl;lh; ePsKilaJ. jd; ePz;l fOj;ij ,J cah;j;jpapUf;Fk; epiyapy;> 20 kPl;l cauKilaJ. Njhuakhf 7 khbf; fl;lblj;jpd; caukpUf;Fk;. Gijgbtq;fSld; fpilj;j ghiwfspd; tajpidf; fzf;fpl;Lg; ghh;j;jhy; 9.5 Nfhb my;yJ 10 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd; ,e;j caphpdk; ghl Nfhdpah tdg;gFjpapy; tho;e;jpUf;ff; $Lk;.

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Latest Events nrd;id nrd;l;uy; uapy; epiyaj;jpy; Fz;Lntbg;gpy; caphpoe;j Rthjp:

nrd;id nrd;l;uy; uapy; epiyaj;Jf;F tpahof;fpoik fhiy te;j Fth`hl;b> vf;];gpu]; uapypy; mLj;jLj;J 2 Fz;Lfs; gaq;fu rg;jj;Jld; ntbj;jjpy; ngz; vd;[Pdpah; ];thjp gypahdhh;. ,r;rk;tj;jpy; gyj;j fhakile;j 14 Ngh; nrd;id muR nghJ kUj;Jtkidapy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;L rpfpr;ir ngw;W tUfpd;wdh;. ngq;f@Utpy; ,Ue;J nrd;id topahf m];]hk; khepyk; Fth`hl;b nry;Yk; vf;]g ; pu]; uapy; nrd;id nrd;l;uy; uapy; epiyaj;jpd; 9 MtJ eilNkilf;F tpahof;fpoik fhiy 7.05 kzpf;F te;jJ. fhiy 7.18 kzpf;F me;j uapypd; v]; 4 ngl;bapy; xU Fz;L ntbj;jJ. ,jidaLj;J me;jg; ngl;bapy; ,Ue;j gazpfs; mywpabj;Jf; nfhz;L ntspNa Xb te;jdh;. mijj;njhlh;e;J> 7.21 kzpf;F v]; 5 ngl;bapy; ngUk; rg;jj;Jld; kw;nwhU Fz;L ntbj;jJ. ,ijaLj;J gazpfs; gPjpAld; mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; Xbdh;. Fz;L ntbj;j ngl;bfspy; gazk; nra;jth;fs; fhaj;Jld; eilNkilapy; rhpe;J tpOe;jdh;. ,J Fwpj;J njw;F uapy;Nt nghJ Nkyhsh; uhNf\; kp];uh $wpajhtJ: ,r;rk;gtj;jpy; caphpoe;j ,sk; ngz; Rthjpapd; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F &.1 yl;rKk;> gLfhakile;jtUf;F 25 MapuKk;> Nyrhd fhaKw;NwhUf;F &.5 MapuKk; toq;fpl cj;jputplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gioahiwapy; jkpo; gpuhkp vOj;Jld; ghid XL fz;nlLg;G: Fk;gNfhzk; mUNfAs;s gioahiwapy; jkpo; gpuhkp vOj;Jg; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghidXL fz;nlLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J xU Kf;fpakhd fz;Lgpbg;G. ,e;jg; ghidXl;by; fp.K. ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;ilr; Nrh;e;j ehd;F vOj;Jg; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. gioahiw rq;ffhyj;jpy; rpwe;j Cuhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gJk;> mq;Fs;s kf;fs; vOj;jwpT ngw;wpUe;jdh; vd;gJk; njspthfpwJ. NkYk; gioahiw Nrhoh;fspd; jiyefukhfTk; ,Ue;Js;sJ vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

mnkhpf;fhTf;F Gy;yl; uapy; ,af;f rPdh jpl;lk;: mnkhpf;fhTf;F Gy;yl;uapy; ,af;Ftjw;fhf u\pah> fdlh topahf 13>000 fp.kP ePsj;Jf;F uapy;ghij fl;likg;ig cUthf;f rPdh jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. ,J nray;ghl;Lf;F te;jhy; cyfpd; kpfePskhd uapy;ghij vd;w rhjid gilf;Fk;. ,e;jj; jpl;lj;Jf;F ‘rPdh - u\pahgps]; mnkhpf;fh iyd;” vd ngahplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J rPdhtpd; tlfpof;fpy; njhlq;fp u\pahtpd; fpof;F irgPhpah> jpnghpq; [yre;jp> myh];fh> fdlh topahf mnkhpf;fhitr; nrd;wilAk;. ,e;j uapy; kzpf;F ruhrhpahf 350 fpNyhkPl;lh; J}uk; gazpf;Fk;. ,jd;gb> rPdhtpypUe;J 2 ehspy; mnkhpf;fhTf;F nrd;wilayhk;. mjpf mstpy; uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;ij ek;gpAs;s u\pahTk; ,e;jj;; jpl;lj;Jf;F MjuT njhptpj;Js;sJ. Rkhh; 10>000 fp.kP. njhiyT nfhz;l Jbuhd;];-irgPhpah uapy;Nt ,izg;Gjpl;lk;. mLj;j khjk; njhlq;f cs;s ,e;jj; jpl;lk; rPdhit kpahd;kh;> yhNth];> tpal;ehk;> fk;Nghbah> jha;yhe;J> kNyrpah kw;Wk; rpq;fg;G+iu ,izf;Fk; tifapy; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ijtpl 3>000 fp.kP $Ljy; J}uk; nfhz;lJ rPdhtpd; Gjpa jpl;lk;.

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njd;dhg;gphpf;fhtpy; kPz;Lk; mjpguhfpwhh; N[f;fg; [_kh:

njd;dhg;gphpf;fhtpy; eilngw;w nghJj;Njh;jypy; MSk; Mg;gphpf;f Njrpa fhq;fpu]; fl;rp (Vvd;rp) njhlh;e;J 5-tJ Kiwahf mNkhf ntw;wp ngw;Ws;sJ. ,ijaLj;J> ,g;Nghija mjpgh; N[f;fg; [_kh (72) 2-tJ Kiwahf mjpguhf nghWg;Ngw;f cs;shh;.

NkNdh uapy; jpl;lk; :

Nfhitapy; NkhNdhuapy; mikf;Fk; jpl;lj;ij nray;gLj;Jtjw;fhd gzpfis njhlq;fpAs;sJ. nkl;Nuh uapiytpl nryT FiwT> fl;Lkhdg; gzpf;fhd fhyk; FiwT.

jkpof

muR

cyf nrtpypah; jpdk; - Nk 12:

,q;fpyhe;ijr; Nrh;e;j gpshud;]; iel;bq;Nfy; etPd jhjpapay; Kiwia cUthf;fpdhh;. Nghh;f;fsj;jpy; capUf;Fg; Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUe;j uhZt tPuh;fSf;F kUe;Jfis toq;fp Fzkilar; nra;jhh;. iel;bq;Nfy; kiwTf;Fg; gpwF mtuJ gpwe;jehs; cyf nrtpypah; jpdkhf nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. nrtpypah; gzp vd;gJ njhopy; my;y; njhz;L. Cjpaj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;L rhjhuz kUj;Jtr; NritfspypUe;J Nghh;f;fhy kUj;Jtr; Nritfs; tiu rhjp kjj;Jf;F mg;ghw;gl;L jha;f;F epfuhd ghpitAk; rfpg;Gj; jd;ikAk; nfhz;L Mw;Wk; kfj;jhd Nrit nrtpypah; gzp.

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fhy;Lnty;:

jpuhtpl nkhopfspd; xg;gpyf;fzk; vDk; E}iy 1956 ,y; yz;ld; khefhpy; mth; ntspapl;lhh;. 1881,y; jpUney;Ntyp rhpj;jpuk; vDk; mw;Gjkhd E}iy Mq;fpyj;jpy; je;jhh;. yj;jPd;> fpNuf;fk;> vgpNuak;> Mq;fpk;> gpnuQ;R nkhopfspy; Njh;r;rp ngw;wpUe;j fhy;Lnty; jkpoYk; Mq;fpyj;jpYk; gy mhpa E}y;fisj; je;Js;shh;. mah;yhe;J ehl;by;> fpshb Mw;wpd; fiuapy; mike;j rpw;W}hpy;> Xh; Viof; FLk;gj;jpy; 1814 Mk; Mz;L Nk jpq;fs; 7 Mk; ehs; gpwe;jth;. 1841-y; ney;iyapy; Nguhauhfg; nghWg;Ngw;W ,ilad;Fb vd;Dk; Chpy; jq;fp jkJ rkag;gzpfisr; rpwg;Gld; Mw;wp jkpo; nkhopiaAk; nrk;ikahff; fw;whh;. kjFUthf mq;Fg; gzpahw;wpa fhyj;jpy; jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; gy;NtW gFjpfSf;F nrd;W GijnghUs; Muha;r;rpapYk; <Lgl;lhh;. mjd; gadhfg; goq;fhyf; fl;llq;fspd; mbg;gilfisAk;> <kj; jhopfs; gytw;iwAk; ntspf;nfhzh;e;jhh;. ,e;j Muha;r;rpfspd; %yk; jhk; fz;ltw;iw jpUney;Ntyp rhj;jpuk; vDk; ngahpy; E}yhf cUthf;fpdhh;. me;E}y; 1881k; Mz;L nrd;idapy; mg;NghjpUe;j Mq;fpNya nrd;id khfhz murpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. lhf;lh; fhy;Lnty; jkpofjjpy; jq;fpapUe;j NghJ jkpo; nkhopia kl;Lky;yhky; njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk; Nghd;w gpw jpuhtpl nkhopfSf;Fld; nkhj;jk; 18 nkhopfisf; fw;wtuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. gpd;dh; fhy;Lnty; mth; Mw;wpa te;j rkag; gzpfspypUe;J Xa;T ngw;W nfhilf;fhdy; kiyapy; jq;fp tho;e;J te;jhh;. 1891 [dthp 31 Mk; Njjp nfhilf;fhdypNyNa fhykhdhh;. mtuJ cly; ,ilad;Fbapy; mth; vOg;gpa Njthya tshfj;jpNyNa mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. fhy;Lnty; mth; tho;e;j Mz;Lfspy; 53 Mz;Lfspy; jkpofj;jpNyNa tho;e;Js;shh;.

jkpofj;jpy; kW thf;Fg;gjpT: Nryk;> ehkf;fy; njhFjpfspy; jyh xU thf;Fr; rhtbapy; tpahf;fpoik (Nk 8) kW thf;Fg;gjpT eilngWk; vd;W jkpof jiyikj; Njh;jy; mjpfhhp gputPz; Fkhh; mwptpj;Js;sh;h. thf;Fg;gjpT ,ae;jpuq;fspy; NfhshW Vw;gl;l jhy; Nryk; kf;fsitj; njhFjpf;Fl;gl;l Nryk; tlf;F rl;lg;Nguitj; njhFjp 213tJ thf;Fr;rhtb kw;Wk; ehkf;fy; kf;fsitj; njhFjpf;Fl;gl;l jpUr;nrq;NfhL rl;lg;Nguitj; njhFjp 37-tJ thf;Fr; rhtbfspy; tpahof;fpoik (Nk 8) fhiy 7 Kjy; khiy 6 kzp tiu kWthf;Fg; gjpT eilngWk;. ,e;j ,Uthf;Fr; rhtbfspYk; Gjpa thf;Fg;gjpT ,ae;jpuq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. thf;fhsh;fSf;F ,lJ if eLtpuypy; milahs ik itf;fg;gLK; Vg;uy; 24Mk; Njjp thf;fspf;fhjth;fSk; kW thf;Fg;gjptpd; NghJ thf;fspf;fyhk;. jkpofj;jpy; cs;s 39 njhFjpfspYk; Vg;uy; 24 Mk; Njjp thf;Fg;gjpT eilngw;wJ. midj;Jj; njhFjpfspYk; mikjpahf thf;Fg;gjpT eilngw;wJ. 16-tJ kf;fsitj; Njh;jypy; ,e;j ,U thf;Fr; rhtbfspy; kl;LNk kWthf;Fg; gjpT eilngWtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

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epr;rak;

uhkr;re;jpuh gy;fiy Nte;jh; ifJ:

Nfusj;ijr; Nrh;e;j mnyf;]; N[hrg; vd;gth; ntspehLfspy; ,Ue;J 33 nrhFR fhh;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;J ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s njhopy; mjpgh;fs; murpay; jiyth;fs;> ebfh;> ebiffs; cs;gl gyUf;F tpw;gid nra;jhh;. me;j fhh;fSf;F mth; Kiwg;gb Rq;fthp nrYj;jhky; kj;jpa muRf;F & 48.40 Nfhb tiu thp Va;g;G nra;jJ fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. me;j fhh;fis rp.gp.I mjpfhhpfs; gwpKjy; nra;J tprhuiz elj;jpdhh;. nrhFR fhh; ,wf;Fkjp njhlh;ghf nrd;id Ngh&h; =uhkr;re;jpuh kUj;Jt gy;fiyf;fof Nte;jh; tp.Mh;. ntq;flhryk; jpq;fs;fpoik ifJ nra;ag;gl;L xU ehs; ePjpkd;wf; fhtypy; itf;fg;gl;lhh;.

gfj;rpq;:

1928 Mk; Mz;bd; gphpl;B\; fhty;Jiw mjpfhhp [hd; gp. rhd;lh;]; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l tof;fpy; gfj;rpq;> RfNjt;> uh[FU Mfpa %tUf;Fk; 1931Mk; Mz;L khh;r; 23-,y; kuzjz;lid epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. ,e;epiyapy; ghfp];jhdpy; cs;s gfj;rpq; epidT mwf;fl;lisapd; jiyth; ,k;jpah]; u]Pj; FNu\p vd;gth; mq;Fs;s ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jhf;fy; nra;j kDtpy;> gfj;rpq; kPjhd tof;fpd; Kjy; jfty; mwpf;ifapd; rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l efiy jdf;F toq;FkhW Nfl;bUe;jhh;. ,ijaLj;J ,e;j tof;if tprhhpj;j mdhh;fyp fhty; epiyaj;jpy; gjpthfpapUe;j Kjy; jfty; mwpf;if efiy kDjhuh; ,k;jpah]{f;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy; gfj;rpq; ngah; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy vd;gJ jw;NghJ njhpate;Js;sJ.

gps]; 2 Njh;T:

jkpofk; kw;Wk; GJr;Nrhpapy; gps];-2 Njh;T KbT nts;spf;fpoik ntspaplg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Mz;L 8.45 yl;rk; Ngh; gps];-2 Njh;T vOjpdh;.

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(Nk

fhiy

kzpf;F

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cyf jhyrPkpah Neha; jpdk; (Nk 8): nrhe;j cwTfspy; jpUkzk; nra;jhy;> gpwf;Fk; Foe;ij jhyrPkpah Neha; ghjpg;Gld; gpwf;Fk;. ,e;j Neha; Foe;ijfSf;F gpwtpapNyNa tUfpwJ. jhyrPkpah ghjpj;j Foe;ijfspd; uj;jj;jpy; `PNkhFNshgpd; msT Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jdhy; Rthrpf;Fk; Mf;rp[d; EiuaPuypy; ,Ue;J kw;w gFjpfSf;F nry;tjpy; jil Vw;gLfpwJ. mjw;fhf> Foe;ijfSf;F `PNkhFNshgpd; msit mjpfhpf;f 6-tJ khjj;jpy; ,Ue;J xt;nthU khjKk; tho;ehs; KOtJk; njhlh;e;J uj;jk; Vw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Foe;ijf;F khjk; khjk; uj;jk; Vw;Wtjhy;> clypy; gy tpjkhd gpur;rpidfs; tUfpd;wd. NkYk; ,Uk;G rj;J mjpfhpg;gjhy; kQ;rs; fhkhiy cs;spl;l gy jPtpu Neha;fSk; tUtjw;F tha;g;Gs;sJ. mk;kh> mg;gh tk;rhtopapy; ahUf;fhttJ jhyrPkpah Neha; ,Ue;jhy; Foe;ijf;Fk; ,e;Neha; tUfpwJ. Kf;fpakhf nrhe;j cwTfspy; jpUkzk; nra;tjhy; Foe;ijfs; jhyrPkpah Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. mjdhy;> ngz;fs; fh;g;gf; fhyj;jpy; ghpNrhjid nra;J fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ij jhyrPkpah Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij fz;L gpbf;fyhk;. jhyrPkpah ghjpg;G ,Ug;gJ cWjp nra;ag;gl;lhy;> Foe;ij Ntz;lhk; vd epidg;gth;fs; fUf;fiyg;G nra;Jtplyhk;. Fiwghl;Lld; Foe;ijia ngw;Wf; nfhz;L tho;ehs; KOtJk; f\;lg;gLtijtpl> fUf;fiyg;G nra;JtpLtJ ey;yJ. jhyrPkpah Neha;f;F vYk;G k[;i[ khw;W mWitr; rpfpr;irNa rpwe;j jPh;thFk;.

cyfpd; kpf Mlk;gu tPlhf KNf\; mk;ghdpapd; tPL Njh;T:

cyfpy; cs;s NfhB];tuh;fspd; tPLfspNyNa kpfTk; Mlk;gukhd tPlhf Kk;igapy; cs; s hpiyad;]; epWtd mjpgh; KNf\; mk;ghdpapd; tPl;il Nghh;g;]; gj;jphpif Njh;T nra;Js;sJ. Kk;igapy; 4 yl;rk; rJu mbapy; 27 khbfisf; nfhz;l KNf\; mk;ghdpapd; ‘md;bypah” vd;w ngahpyhd tPLjhd; cyfpy; cs;s NfhB];tuh;fspd; tPLfspNyNa kpfTk; Mlk;gukhd tPlhfj; Njh;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ml;yhz;bf; flypy; cs;s xU jPthd md;bypahtpd; ngah;jhd; ,e;j tPl;bw;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j tPl;bd; fl;Lkhdj;jpw;F Rkhh;. &.5>945 Nfhbapy; ,Ue;J &. 11>890 Nfhb tiu nrytplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j tPl;by; jiuj; jsj;jpy; 6 mLf;Ffisf; nfhz;l thfd epWj;Jkplq;fSk;> 3 n`ypfhg;lh; epWj;Jkplq;fSk; cs;sd. ,e;j tPl;ilg; guhkhpg;gjw;F 600 Copah;fs; Njitg;gLfpwhh;fs;. gpuhd;i]r; Nrh;e;j ypy;yp rhg;uhtpd; tPL ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;ijAk;> mnkhpf;fj; njhopyjpgh; ,uh nud;ndh;l;Lf;Fr; nrhe;jkhf epA+ahh;f; efhpy; cs;s tPL %d;whtJ ,lj;ijAk; gpbj;Js;sd.

jQ;rhT+h; tPizf;F Gtprhh; FwpaPL:

ghuk;ghpaf; fiyiag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd toq;fg;gLk; Gtprhh; FwpaPL jQ;rhT+h; tPizf;F mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tPiz ,irf;fUtp gz;ilafhyk; njhl;L thrpf;fg;gl;L te;jhYk;> jQ;rhT+hpy; fp.gp. 17Mk; E}w;whz;by; Ml;rp nra;j uFehj ehaf;f kd;dh; fhyj;jpy;jhd; jw;Nghija cUtj;ij mile;jJ. vdNt> ,jw;F ‘jQ;rhT+h; tPiz” vdg;ngah; #l;lg;gl;lJ. gz;Ul;bapypUe;J tutiof;fg;gLk; gyh kuj;jpypUe;J ,e;j tPizfs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j tPiz rpwe;j myq;fhpg;Gld; vil $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ik#h; tPiz> jpUtde;jGuk;

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tPiz Nghd;wit ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;iwtpl jdpr;rpwg;G nfhz;lJ jQ;rhT+h; tPiz. vdNt> ,e;j tPiz cyf mstpy; gpurpj;jpngw;wJ. ,e;j Gtprhh; FwpaPL %yk; jQ;rhT+h; tPizf;F cyf mstpy; mq;fPfhuk; fpilj;Js;sJ. Gtprhh; FwpaPl;Lr; rl;lj;jpy; jQ;rhT+h; tPiz gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhy;> ,dpNky; ,JNghd;w tbtpy; Ntnwq;Fk; nra;af;$lhJ. ,J> tuyhw;wpy; xU iky;fy;. ,jd;%yk;> tPiz cw;gj;jpapy; <Lgl;Ls;s 100 fiyQh;fs; gadilth;. NkYk;> njhopyhsh;fspd; FLk;gq;fisr; rhh;e;j tUq;fhyj; jiyKiwapdUk; ,e;jj; njhopypy; njhlUtjw;Fg; Gtprhh; FwpaPL toptFf;Fk;. jpUGtdk; gl;L> ney;khiy> rPufr; rk;gh> kuf;Fjpiu> jpUitahW mNrhfh my;th> Fk;gNfhzk; ntw;wpiy Mfpatw;Wf;Fk; Gtprhh; FwpaPL ngwgjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

Mg;fdpy; ,e;jpaj; J}jufk; kPJ gaq;futhjj; jhf;Fjy;: Mg;fhdp];jhdpd; n`uhj; efhpYs;s ,e;jpaj; J}jufj;jpd; kPJ> gaq;futhjpfs; 4 Nghh; nts;spf;fpoik mjpfhiy elj;jpa jhf;Fjy; Kwpabf;fg;gl;lJ. jhf;Fjypy; <Lgl;l 4 NgUk; ghJfhg;Gg; gilapduhy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. Mg;fhdp];jhdpy; <uhd; vy;iyianahl;b mike;Js;s n`uhj; efhpy; ,e;jpaj; J}jufk; ,aq;fp tUfpwJ. ,ij Mg;fDf;fhd ,e;jpaj; J}jh; mkh; rpd;`h njhptpj;jhh;. NkYk; ntspAwTr; nrayh; R[hjh rpq; epiyikia cd;dpg;ghf ftdpj;J tUfpwhh;. 5-MtJ Kiwahf rpf;fpk; Kjy;tuhfpwhh; gtd; rhk;ypq;:

rpf;fpk; khepyj;jpy; Ml;rpiaj; jf;fitj;Js;s rpf;fpk; [dehaf Kd;dzpj; jiyth; gtd; rhk;ypq; njhlh;e;J 5MtJ Kiwahf me;j khepy Kjy;th; gjtpg; nghWg;ig Vw;W tuyhw;W rhjid gilf;fpwhh;. fle;j 1994-Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; 12-,y; Kjd;Kiwahf rpf;fpk; khepy Kjy;tuhfg; gjtpNaw;w gtd; rhk;ypq; fle;j 20 Mz;Lfshfj; njhlh;e;J 4 rl;lg;Nguit Njh;jy;fspYk; ntw;wpngw;W me;jg; gjtpia jf;fitj;Js;shh;. jw;NghJ ele;j Kbe;j rl;lg;Nguitj; Njh;jypy; nkhj;jKs;s 32 njhFjpfspy; 22 njhFjpfisf; ifg;gw;wpa mtuJ rpf;fpk; [dehaf Kd;dzpf; fl;rp kPz;Lk; ngUk;ghd;ik ngw;wJ. rhpj;jpu rhjid: ,ijj; njhlh;e;J 63 tajhd gtd; rhk;ypq; 5MtJ Kiwahf Kjy;tuhfg; gjtpNaw;fTs;s epiyapy; ehl;bNyNa kpf ePz;lfhykhf me;jg; gjtpia tfpj;jth; vd;w ngUikia ngwf;$ba tha;g;G cUthfpAs;sJ. ,jw;F Kd;> Nkw;F tq;f khepy Kjy;tuhf ,Ue;j N[hjpghR jhd; mjpfgl;rkhf 5 Kiw Kjy;tuhfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;L fle;j 1977 Kjy; 2000Mk; Mz;Ltiu 23 Mz;Lfshf mg;gjtpapy; gzpahw;wpdhh;.

xb]h Kjy;tuhf ehis gjtpNaw;fpwhh; etPd;:

gp[{ [djhjsj; jiyth; etPd; gl;ehaf; njhlh;e;J 4-tJ Kiwahf Kjy;tuhf Gjd;fpoik (Nk21) gjtpNaw;fpwhh;. GtNdRtuj;jpy; MSeh; v];.rp.[kPiu jpq;fs;fpoik mth; re;jpj;J Gjpa muR mikg;gJ Fwpj;J MNyhrid elj;jpdhh;. ele;J Kbe;j rl;lg;Nguitj; Njh;jypy; nkhj;jKs;s 147 njhFjpfspy; 117 ,lq;fis gp[{ [djhjsk; ntd;W mWjp ngUk;ghd;ik ngw;Ws;sJ. vjph;f;fl;rpahd fhq;fpu]{f;F 16 ,lq;fSk; gh[fTf;F 10 ,lq;fSk; fpilj;Js;sd.

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gpfhh; Gjpa Kjy;tuhf [pjd;uhk; khQ;rp Njh;T:

gpfhh; khepyj;jpd; Gjpa Kjy;tuhf jdJ neUq;fpa ez;gh; [pjd;uhk; khQ;rpia Kd;dhs; Kjy;th; epjP\;Fkhh; Njh;e;njLj;Js;shh;. kf;fsitj; Njh;jy; Njhy;tpf;F nghWg;Ngw;W jdJ Kjy;th; gjtpia fle;j rdpf;fpoik uh[pehkh nra;j epjP\; FkhUf;F> Gjpa Kjy;tiu Njh;T nra;Ak; mjpfhuj;ij If;fpa [djhjsk; jpq;fs;fpoik toq;fpaJ. ,ijaLj;J mth; ,e;j eltbf;ifia vLj;jhh;.

Nkhb gjtpNaw;G rhh;f; jiyth;fs; gq;Nfw;G

FbauRj; jiyth; khspif tshfj;jpy; gpujkuhf Nkhb gjtpNaw;Fk; epfo;r;rp jpq;fs;fpoik eilngw;wJ. ,e;epfo;r;rpapy; eilngw;wJ. ,e;epfo;r;rpapy; rhh;f; (njw;fhrpa ehLfspd; gpuhe;jpaf; $l;likg;G ) ehLfspd; jiytuhfshd ghfp];jhd; gpujkh; eth]; n\hPg;> ,yq;if mjpgh; kfpe;j uh[gf;Nr> G+lhd; gpujkh; ypNahd;nrd; n\hPq; Nlhg;Nf> Mg;fhdp];jhd; mjpgh; `kPj; fh;rha;> Nehghsg; gpujkh; R\Py; nfha;uhyh> khyj;jT P mjpgh; fA+k;> tq;fNjrk; gpujkh; N\f; `rPdh rhh;gpy; ehlhSkd;wj; jiyth; \phpd; rTj;hp MfpNahh; gq;Nfw;wdh;. ehl;bd; tuyhw;wpy; Kjy; Kiwahf ,g;NghJhd; ,e;jpag; gpujkh; gjtpNaw;G tpohTf;F rhh;f; ehLfspd; jiyth;fSf;F miog;G tpLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. mz;il ehLfSld; el;Gwit NgZtjpy; ,J xU Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j eltbf;if vd;W murpay; Nehf;fh;fs; fUj;Jj; njhptpj;Js;sdh;.

nkhhP\pa]; gpujkh; tUif rhh;f; ehLfspd; jiyth;fisj; jtpu>nkhhP\pa]; gpujkh; etPd; uhk;$yk; cs;spl;l jiyth;fs; Kf;fpa gpuKh;fs; ,e;epfor;rpapy; gq;Nfw;wdh;. ghfp];jhd; gpujkh; eth]; n\hPGld; Njrpa ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ntspAwT tptfhu MNyhrfh; rh;jh[; m]p];> rpwg;G cjtpahsh; jhhpf; gNjkp ntspAwT mikr;rfr; nrayhsh; ma; \h\; rTj;hp cs;spl;l FOtpdh; te;Js;sdh;.

Xa;T+jpah;fSf;fhd Gjpa kUj;Jt fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lk; Xa;T+jpak; toq;Fk; mYtyfk;> midj;Jf; fUt+yq;fs; > nghJj;Jiw tq;fpfs; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; Xa;T+jpak; ngWgth;fs; FLk;g Xa;t+jpak; ngWgth;fSf;F Gjpa fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lj;Jf;fhd gbtq;fs; toq;fg;gLk;. G+h;jj ; p nra;j gbtq;fis Gifg;glj;Jld; Jizthpd; gpwe;j Njjpapid cWjp nra;Ak; Mtz efYld; rkh;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Xa;t+jpa tptug; gbtj;ij Gifg;glk; kw;Wk; Jizthpd; gpwe;j Njjpapid cWjp nra;Ak; Mtz efYld; Vw;nfdNt Neh;fzypd; NghJ nfhLj;jpUe;jhy; kPz;Lk; mspf;fj; Njitapy;iy. MdhYk; muR Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s $Ljy; gbtj;ij G+h;j;jp nra;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Neh;fhzYf;F ,Jtiu nry;yhjth;fs; chpa gbtq;fis Xa;t+jpak; toq;Fk; mYtyfk; my;yJ fUT+yj;jpy; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. NkYk;> tpz;zg;gg; gbtq;fis www.tn.gov.in my;yJ vd;w www. Karuvoolam ,izajsj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; gjptpwf;fk; nra;J nfhs;syhk;.

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kf;fsitiaf; fiyj;jhh; FbauRj; jiyth; 15tJ kf;fsitiaf; fiyg;gJ njhlh;ghd kj;jpa mikr;ruitapd; ghpe;Jiuia Vw;w FbauRj;jiyth; murpayikg;Gr; rl;k; 85tJ gphpT Jizg;gphpT (gp) cl;gphpT 2d; fPo; jdf;Fs;s mjpfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp kf;fsitiaf; fiyj;jhh;.

5 Mz;Lfspy; 1324 fl;rpfs; cjak; ,e;jpahtpy; fle;j 5 Mz;Lfspy; kl;Lk; 1324 Gjpa fl;rpfs; cjakhfpAs;sd. 1952-y; eilngw;w kf;fsitj; Njh;jypd; NghJ 53 fl;rpfs; kl;LNk Nghl;bapl;ld. ,e;j vz;zpf;if gbg;gbahf cah;e;J nfhz;Nl te;jJ. 2009 kf;fsitj; Njh;jypd; NghJ fl;rpfspd; vz;zpf;if 363 Mf ,Ue;jJ mz;ikapy; eilngw;w kf;fisj; Njh;jypy; fl;rpfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf; if 1687 Mf cah;e;Js;sjhf Njh;jy; Miza Gs;sp tptuj;jpy; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ie;J Mz;Lfspy; kl;Lk; 1324 Gjpa fl;rpfs; njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Njh;jy; 1 - 16 1952 :

Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; nghJj; Njh;jy;. 489 kf;fsitj; njhFjpapy; 364 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W fhq;fpu]; Ml;rpiag; gpbj;jJ. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 23>70>41>443. gjpthd thf;Ffs;16>02>75>056. thf;Fg; gjpT 67.6 rjtPjk;. 54 fl;rpfs; Njh;jy; Nghl;bapl;ld. 16 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W ,e;jpa fk;A+dp];l; ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jJ. Kk;ig njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapl;l ,e;jpa murikg;Gr; rl;lj;ij> rl;l mikr;ruhf ,Ue;J cUthf;fpa rl;l Nkij gp.Mh;. mk;Ngj;fh; Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpaJ jhd; kpfg; nghpa Nrhfk;. ,e;jpaf; Fbaurpy; Kjy; gpujkuhfg; gz;bj [th`h;yhy; NeU Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhh;.

1957: ,e;jj; Njh;jypy; NeU jiyikapy; fhq;fpu]; kPz;Lk; Ml;rpiag; gpbj;jJ. 494 ,lq;fSf;F eilngw;w Njh;jypy; fhq;fpu]; 371 ,lq;fspy; ntd;wJ. mf;fl;rp ngw;w thf;F rjtPjk; 47.8. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 26>5241>358. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 18>20>75>041. thf;Fg; gjpT 68.6 rjtPjk;. ,e;jpa fk;A+dp];l; 27 ,lq;fspy; ntw;wp. 16 murpay; fl;rpfs; Njh;jypy; gq;Nfw;wd. ,e;jj; Njh;jypy; Kd;dhs; gpujkh; ,e;jpuh fhe;jpapd; fzth; ngNuh]; fhe;jp> cj;jpug; gpuNjr khepyk;> NugNuypapy; Nghl;bapl;L> fzprkhd thf;Ffs; tpj;jpahrj;jpy; ntw;wp ngw;wJ Fwpg;gplj; jf;f mk;rkhFk;. Kjy; Kiwahf jp.K.f. Njh;jypy; gq;F tfpj;jJ. <.nt.fp. rk;gj;> md;gpy; jh;kypq;fk; Mfpa ,uz;L jp.K.f cWg;gpdh;fs; kf;fsitf;Fj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;ldh;.

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1962:

fhq;fpu]; ,e;jj; Njh;jypYk; ntd;W ‘`hl;hpf;” mbj;jhYk; ngw;w thf;Ffs; 44.7 rjtPjkhff; Fiwe;jJ. 494 njhFjpfspy; fhq;fpu]; 361 ,lq;fspy; ntd;wJ. ,e;jpa fk;A+dp];l; ,e;j Kiw 29 ,lq;fisf; ifg;gw;wpaJ. uh[h[pahy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Rje;jpuh fl;rp Kjd; Kjyhfj; Njh;jy; fsk; fz;lJ.

6.8 thf;FfSld; 18

kf;fsitj; njhFjpfspy; me;jf; fl;rp ntd;wJ. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 21>63>61>569. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 11>98>96>443. nkhj;j thf;F rjtPjk; 55.4 rjtPjk; jhd;. mjthJ fle;j Njh;jiy tpl 13.1 rjtPjk; FiwT. 28 murpay; fl;rpfs; Njh;jy; fsj;jpy; Fjpj;jd. ,e;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,e;jpah ,uz;L gpujkh;fis mLj;jLj;J ,oe;jJ. 1964 Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk; [th`h;yhy; NeU kiwe;jhh;. mtUf;F mLj;J gpujkuhf te;j yhy; gfJ}h; rh];jphp 1966 [dthpapy; fhykhdhh;. ,uz;L KiwAk; ,ilf; fhyg; gpujkuhf Fy;[hhpyhy; ee;jh gjtp tfpj;jhh;. gpwF ,e;jpuh fhe;jp gpujkuhdhh;.

1967:

,e;jj; Njh;jypy; fhq;fpu]; Ml;rpiaj; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk; mf;fl;rp ntw;wp ngw;w ,lq;fs; fzprkhff; Fiwe;jd. nkhj;jk; Njh;jy; eilngw;w 520 njhFjpfspy; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpahy; 283 ,lq;fspy; kl;LNk nty;y Kbe;jJ. (1962 Njh;jypy; fpilj;jij tpl 83 ,lq;fs; FiwT). fhq;fpu]; ngw;w thf;F rjtPjk; 40.8. Rje;jpuh fl;rp 44 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jJ. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 25>02>07>401. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 15>26>97>161. nkhj;j thf;F rjtPjk; 61. ,j;Njh;ypy; 26 murpay; fl;rpfs; Nghl;bapl;ld. ,e;jpuh fhe;jp kPz;Lk; gpujkuhfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhh;. ,e;jf; Njh;jYf;Fg; gpwFjhd; ];jhgd fhq;fpu];> MSk; fhq;fpu]; vd;W fhq;fpu]; vd;Wk; gpsTw;wJ. ];jhgd fhq;fpu]; kf;fsitj; jiytuhfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l uhk;Rghf;rpq;> Kjy; mjpfhuG+h;t vjph;fl;rpj; jiytuhf mq;fPfhuk; ngw;whh;.

1971: Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpy; Kjd; Kjyhf ,ilf;fhyj; Njh;jy; eilngw;wJ. 1972 tiu gjtpf; fhyk; ,Ue;Jk;> gpujkh; ,e;jpuh fhe;jp kf;fsitiaf; fiyj;J nghJj; Njh;jYf;F top tFj;jhh;. nkhj;jk; cs;s 518 ,lq;fspy; 352 ,lq;fspy; fhq;fpu]; ntd;W Ie;jhtJ Kiwahf Ml;rpiag; gpbj;jJ. ,e;jj; Njh;jypy; khh;f;rp];l; fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp 29 ,lq;fspy; kl;LNk ntd;wJ. ];jhgd fhq;fpu]; fl;rpf;F ntWk; 16 ,lq;fNs fpilj;jd. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 27>41>89>132. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 15>15>36>802. mjhtJ thf;Fg; gjpT 55.3 rjtPjk;.

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,e;jpuh fhe;jp> ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahfj; Njh;jypy; ntd;W %d;whtJ Kiwahfg; gpujkuhdhh;. tWikia xopg;Nghk; vd;w ,e;jpuh fhe;jpapd; gpurhuj;Jf;Fg; gyd; fpilj;jJ. fle;j Njh;jiy tpl 70 ,lq;fs; $Ljyhfg; ngw;wJ fhq;fpu];. Mdhy; ,e;jpuh fhe;jpapd; Njh;jy; ntw;wpia nry;yhjjhf;fpaJ myfhghj; cah;ePjp kd;wk;. mjd; njhlh;r;rp mtru epiyr; rl;lk; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;L ‘kprh”tpy; vjph;f;fl;rpj; jiyth;fs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ldh;.

1977:

,j;Njh;jy; tuyhw;wpy; kwf;f Kbahj Njh;jy;. 30 Mz;Lfhyk; Ml;rp nra;j fhq;fpu]; Kjd; Kiwahf Ml;rpapypUe;J mfw;wg;gl;lJ. 1975,y; neUf;fb epiyiaf; nfhz;L te;j ,e;jpuh fhe;jpf;F ,e;jj; Njh;jy; gyj;j mbahf mike;jJ. ,e;jpuh fhe;jp kl;Lky;y; mtUila kfd; rQ;ra; fhe;jpAk; Njh;jypy; Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpdhh;. ehL KOtJk; fhq;fpu]; vjph;g;G miy tPrpajhy;> 542 ,lq;fspy; 345 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W gy;NtW fl;rpfs; mq;fk; tfpj;j [djh mzp Ml;rpiag; gpbj;jJ. nkhuhh;[p Njrha; ehl;bd; gpujkuhdhh;. ,e;jj; Njh;jypy; ,e;jpuh fhq;fpu]{f;F 154 ,lq;fNs fpilj;jd. nkhj;j thf;F rjtPjk; 60.5. ,j;Njh;jypy; 54 murpay; fl;rpfs; Njh;jy; fsj;jpy; Fjpj;jd. [djh fl;rpapy; Vw;gl;l gpsitj; njhlh;e;J ruz;rpq; gpujkuhdhh;. ruz;rpq; mir;ruitapy; m.jp.Kf. rhh;gpy; rj;jpa thzp Kj;J> ghyh goD}h; ,UtUk; mikr;rh;fshdhh;fs;. khepyf; fl;rp kj;jpa mikr;ruitapy; gq;F ngw;wJ mJNt Kjy; Kiw. [djh muR mike;j NghjpYk; cs;fl;rpg; G+ry; fhuzkhf me;j muR ePbf;fhky; ftpo;e;jJ. ,jdhy; %d;whz;Lfspy; kw;nwhU Njh;jiy ehL re;jpf;f Neh;e;jJ.

1980:

,j; Njh;jy; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpf;F rhjfkhf mike;jJ. 542 ,lq;fspy; 353,y ntd;W mf;fl;rp kPz;Lk; Ml;rpiag; gpbj;jJ. ,e;jpuh fhe;jp kPz;Lk; gpujkuhdhh;. [djh fl;rp 41 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jJ. thf;fhsh;fs; 35>62>05>329. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 20>27>52>893. thf;F rjtPjk; 56.9. nkhuhh;[p Njrha; Ml;rpiaf; ftpo;j;Jg; gpujkuhd ruz;rpq;> fhq;fpu]; MjuT mspg;gjhf thf;FWjp mspj;J gpd; thq;fpajhy; NtW topapy;yhky; 1980,y; Ml;rpiaf; fiye;J Njh;jYf;F tpj;jpl;lhh;. Njh;jiyr; re;jpf;fhkNyNa Kjd; Kjypy; gpujkuhdth; ruz;rpq;jhd;. gpd;dhspy; re;jpuNrfh;> I.Nf. F[;uhy; Nghd;wth;fs; mJ Nghy; gpujkuhdth;fs;.

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1984:

gpujkuhf ,Ue;j ,e;jpuh fhe;jp 1984Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgh; 31Mk; Njjp gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lij mLj;J Njh;jy; eil ngw;wJ. ,e;jpuh kiwT mDjhg miyahy; fhq;fpu]; ,e;jj; Njh;jypy; 415 ,lq;fspy; ntd;wJ. ,e;jpuhtpd; Gjy;th; uh[Pt; fhe;jp gpujkuhdhh;. fhq;fpu]; ngw;w thf;F rjtPjk; 48.1. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 40>03>75>333. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 25>62>94>963. thf;Fg;gjpT 64 rjtPjk;. 37 murpay; fl;rpfs; gq;Nfw;whYk;> khepy murpay; fl;rpahd njYq;F Njrk; 30 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W Njrpa mstpy; vjph;f; fl;rpahdJ. m.jp.K.f.itr; Nrh;e;j jk;gpJiu kf;fsitj; Jizj; jiytuhfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhh;. khepyf; fl;rpiar; Nrh;e;j xUth; kf;fsitj; Jizj; jiytuhfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lJ mJNt Kjy; Kiw. Coy; gugug;ghf ntspahdJ.

uh[Pt; fhe;jp muRf;F vjpuhf Nghgh;]; gPuq;fp

1989:

uh[Pt; fhe;jp jiyikapy; Njh;jiyr; re;jpf;f fhq;fpu]; fl;rpf;F gyj;j rhpT Vw;gl;lJ. Nghgh;]; Coy; cs;spl;l gpur;ridfshy; Njh;jypy; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpf;F 197 ,lq;fs; kl;LNk fpilj;jd. [djh jsk; jiyikapyhd Njrpa Kd;dzp 143 ,lq;fspy; ntd;wJ. tp.gp.rpq; gpujkuhdhh;. mtuJ Ml;rpf;F ,lJ rhhp fl;rpfSk; gh.[.f.Tk; ntspapypUe;J MjuT mspj;jd. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 49>89>06>129. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 30>90>50>495. thf;Fg; gjpT rjtPjk; 61.9. mJtiu ,y;yhj msthf 115 fl;rpfs; Njh;jy; fsj;jpy; Fjpj;jd. %d;whtJ mzpf;F Kjd; Kiwahf gh.[.f. MjuT mspj;jJ ,e;jj; Njh;jYf;Fg;gpwF jhd;. Kjd; Kiwahf jp.K.f. kj;jpa murpay; mq;fk; tfpj;jJ. kz;ly; fkp\d; mwpf;ifia eil Kiwg;gLj;j tp.gp.rpq; muR Kw;gl;lijj; njhlh;e;J ehL jOtpa fpsh;r;rp vOe;jJ. vy;.Nf. mj;thdp mNahj;jpapy; uhkh; Nfhapy; fl;Ltij typAWj;jp uj ahj;jpiuj; njhlq;fpdhh;. mij tp.gp.rpq; muR jLf;f Kw;gl;ljhy;> me;j muRf;fhd Mjuit gh[f jpUk;gg; ngw;wJ. tp.gp.rpq; muR ftpo;e;jijj; njhlh;e;J fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapd; MjuTld; re;jpu Nrfh; gpujkuhdhh;.

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1991:

gpujkh; re;jpuNrfh; jiyikapyhd muR ePbf;f Kbahj #o;epiyapy; FWfpa fhyj;jpNyNa (1991) kPz;Lk; Njh;jy; te;jJ. ,e;jj; Njh;jypy; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp 244 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W gpujkh; gp.tp. eurpk;kuht; jiyikapy; rpWghd;ik murhfg; gjtpNaw;wJ. gh.[.f. 120 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jJ. mjthJ Kjd; Kiwahf gh.[.f. %d;W ,yf;f vz;izj; njhl;lJ. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 51>15>33>598. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 28>58>56>465. thf;Fg; gjpT rjtPjk; 55.9. gp.tp. eurpk;kuht; Ml;;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,uz;L rk;gtq;fs; epfo;e;jd. xd;W jhuhskakhf;fy; nfhs;if mwpKfkhdJ. kw;nwhd;W 1992 brk;ghpy; mNahj;jpapy; ghgh; k#jp ,bg;Gr; rk;gtk; epfo;e;jJ. NeU FLk;gj;ijr; rhuhj xUth; Ie;jhz;Lfs; gpujkuhfj; njhlh;e;jJ ,JNt Kjd; Kiw.

1996:

,e;jj; Njh;jypy; ve;jf; fl;rpf;Ff ngUk;ghd;ik fpilf;f tpy;iy. gh.[.f. 161 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W jdpg; ngUq;fl;rpahf tpsq;fpaJ. mly; gpfhhp th[;gha; gpujkuhfg; gjtpNaw;w NghjpYk; ngUk;ghd;ikia ep&gpf;f Kbahky; 13 ehs;fspy; Ml;rp ftpo;e;jJ. ,e;jj; Njh;jypy; nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; vz;zpf;if 59>25>72>288. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 34>33>08>090. thf;Fg; gjpT rjtPjk; 57.94. 140 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W fhq;fpu]; ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;jpy; te;j NghjpYk; Ml;rpaikg;gjpy; Mh;tk; fhl;l tpy;iy. [djh jsk; kw;Wk; ,ju fl;rpfis cs;slf;fpa If;fpa Kd;dzp muir Mjhpf;f fhq;fpu]; Kd; te;jJ. Njntfslh gpujkuhdhh;. Mdhy;> 1997,y; fhq;fpu]; jdJ Mjuit jpBnud;W tpyf;fpf; nfhz;lij mLj;J Njntnfslh muR ftpo;e;jJ. mLj;J I.Nf.F[;uhy; gpujkuhfg; gjtpNaw;whh;. Mdhy; mtuJ muRk; ntFehs; ePbf;f tpy;iy. 1996-98 fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,e;jpa murpaypy; ];jpuj;jd;ik ,y;yhj epiy ,Ue;jJ. Njntfslh> F[;uhy; ,Uthpd; mikr;ruitapYk; jp.K.f. mq;fk; tfpj;jJ.

1998 :

,e;jj; Njh;jypy; gh.[.f. 182 ,lq;fspy; ntd;W jdpg; ngUq;fl;rpahf tpsq;fpaJ. fhq;fpu]{f;F 141 ,lq;fNs fpilj;jd. gh.[.f. jiyikapy; cUthd Njrpa [dehaf $l;lzp 256 ,lq;fSld; Kd;dpiy ngw;W Ml;rpiag; gpbj;jJ. fhq;fpu]; jiyikapyhd $l;lzpf;F 144 ,lq;fs; fpilj;jd. %d;whtJ mzp 74 ,lq;fisg; ngw;wJ. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; vz;zpf;if 60>58>80>192. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 35>54>41>739. thf;Fg; gjpT rjtPjk; 61.97. th[;gha; jiyikapy; Njrpa [dehaff; $l;lzp muR gjtpNaw;wJ. 1999 Vg;uypy;

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m.jp.K.f. ,f;$l;;lzpapypUe;J tpyfpaij mLj;J ek;gpf;if thf;nfLg;gpy; th[;gha; muR Njhw;W Ml;rpia ,oe;jJ. ,e;j Kiw th[;gha; muR 13 khjq;fNs Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;jJ. 12MtJ kf;fsitapy; ,uz;L Kf;fpa epfo;Tfs; - nghf;uhdpy; mZFz;L ntbj;J ,e;jpah jd;idAk; mZ MAj rf;jp ehlhf mwptpj;jJk;> jP tpu thjpfspd; CLUtiyj; njhlh;e;J ele;j fhh;fpy; Aj;jKk;.

1999 : gh.[.f. jiyikapy; fhge;J muR Ml;rpapypUe;j NghJ fhh;fpy; Nghh; ele;jJ> mij ,e;jpah vjph;nfhz;l tpjk; ,it gh.[.f. kPz;Lk; Ml;rpf;F tu cjtpaJ vdyhk;. ,e;jj; Njh;jypYk; gh.[.f. 182 ,lq;fspy; ntd;wJ. fhq;fpu]{f;F 114 ,lq;fNs fpilj;jd. nkhj;jk; cs;s 543 njhFjpfspy; Njrpa [dehaff; $l;lzpf;F 299 ,lq;fSk; If;fpa Kw;Nghf;Ff; $l;lzpf;F 139 ,lq;fSk; fpilj;jd. Njrpa [d ehaff; $l;lzpapy; m.jp.Kf.Tf;Fg; gjpyhf jp.K.f. mq;fk; tfpj;jJ. %d;whtJ mzp 41 ,lq;fspy; kl;LNk ntd;wJ. th[;gha; kPz;Lk; Ml;rpiag; gpbj;jhh;. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; vz;zpf;if 61>95>36>847. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 37>16>69>104. thf;Fg; gjpT rjtPjk; 59.99. ,e;j Kiw th[;gha; jiyikapyhd Njrpa [dehaff; $l;lzp jdJ KO gjtpf; fhyj;ijAk; G+h;j;jp nra;jJ.

2004 :

,e;jj; Njh;jypy; fhq;fpu]; jiyikapyhd If;fpa Kw;Nghf;Ff; $l;lzp 222 ,lq;fspy; ntd; W Ml;rpiag; gpbj;jJ. kd;Nkhfd;rpq; gpujkuhdhh;. fle;j Kiw gh.[.f. jiyikapyhd Njrpa [dehaff; $l;lzpapy; mq;fk; tfpj;j jp.K.f. ,e;j Kiw If;fpa Kw;Nghf;Ff; $l;lzpapy; ,uz;lhtJ nghpa fl;rpahf mq;fk; tfpj;J mikr;ruitapYk; ,lk; ngw;wJ. gh.[.f. jiyikapyhd Njrpa [dehaff; $l;lzp 189 ,lq;fis kl;LNk ifg;gw;wpaJ. %d;whtJ mzpf;F 55 ,lq;fNs fpilj;jd. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 67>14>87>930. gjpthd thf;Ffs; 38>93>42>364. thf;Fg; gjpT rjtPjk; 58. ,e;jj; Njh;jypy; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp Nrhdpahit gpujkh; gjtpNaw;FkhW typAWj;jpAk; mth; kWj;J tpl;lhh;. ,e;jpa mnkhpf;f mZ rf;jp xg;ge;jk; ifnaOj;jhdijj; njhlh;e;J ,lJ rhhpfs; muRf;fhd jq;fspd; Mjuit tpyf;fpf; nfhz;ldh;. mjidj; njhlh;e;J ele;j ek;gpf;if thf;nfLg;gpy; kd;Nkhfd; muR ntw;wp ngw;W Ml;rpapy; njhlh;e;jJ.

2009 : ,e;jj; Njh;jy; 2009 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 16 Mk; Njjp Kjy; Nk 13 Mk; Njjp tiu 5 fl;lq;fshf eilngw;wJ. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 71.4 Nfhb Ngh;. nkhj;j thf;Fg; gjpT 59.7 rjtPjk;> 543 njhFjpfSf;F 8>070 Ntl;ghsh;fs; Nghl;bapl;ldh;. 332 cWg;gpdh;fspd; MjuTld; If;fpa Kw;Nghf;Ff; $l;lzp muR gjtpNaw;wJ. kd;Nkhfd;rpq; gpujkuhdhh;. gF[d;rkh[;> rkh[thjp> kjr;rhh;gw;w [djhjsk;> uh\;l;hPa [djhjsk; Mfpa fl;rpfs; kd;Nkhfd; muRf;F ntspapypUe;J MjuT njhptpj;jd. uh[];jhd; khepyk; nlsrh njhFjpapy; fhq;fpu]; Ntl;ghsuhfg; Nghl;bapl;L ntd;w rr;rpd;igyl; 26 tajpy; vk;.gpahfp rhjid gilj;jhh;. ,e;j Ml;rpapYk; mikr;riutapy; jp.K.f. mq;fk; tfpj;jJ. 2 [p Coy;> fhkd; nty;j; Coy;> Mjh; \; FbapUg;G KiwNfL> epyf;fhp Coy; vd;W xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf nkfh Coy;fs; ntbj;j tz;zk; ,Ue;jd. If;fpa Kw;Nghf;Ff; $l;lzpapypUe;Jk; mikr;riuitapypUe;Jk; ghjpapy; ntspNawpaJ jp.K.f.

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2014 :

16 MtJ kf;fsitf;fhd Njh;jy; 2014Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; khjk; 7 Mk; Njjp Kjy; Nk 12 Mk; Njjp tiu 9 fl;lq;fshf eilngw;wJ. Njh;jy; tuyhw;wpy; mjpf ehs;fs; eilngw;w Njh;jy; ,J jhd;! nkhj;jk; cs;s 543 njhFjpfSf;F 8>251 Ntl;ghsh;fs; Nghl;bapl;ldh;. nkhj;j thf;fhsh;fs; 81 Nfhb. gjpthd thf;Ffs; rjtPjk; 66.38.

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