Autumn 2011
INSIDE MOTE MagazINE Penguin Primer
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Illuminating Diabolical Doings in the Deep
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Upcoming Events Calendar
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Treating Tumors One Turtle at a Time
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Issues & Impacts
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Mote Milestones
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s p onsored r epor T
Mote Magazine | A unique mission Mote Magazine (ISSN 1553-1104) is published by Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, a nonprofit organization dedicated to today’s research for tomorrow’s oceans. We tell the stories of sea science to enhance public understanding of marine research and conservation.
President and CEO Dr. Kumar Mahadevan Editor Nadine Slimak Creative Director Lawson Mitchell CONTRIBUTING WriterS Ford Turner, Hayley Rutger Contributing PhotographerS Kelly Ireland, Lawson Mitchell, Mote Animal Care Staff PUBLISHING PARTNER Mote Magazine is proud to recognize Sarasota Magazine as its publishing partner. For information on sponsorship, please contact Sarasota Magazine, at 941-487-1109.
Mote Aquarium Venue Rentals Call Paula Clark for details:
(941) 388-2252 or e-mail pclark@mote.org.
Create a Lifetime of Memories
AUTUMN 2011 • VOLUME 58
Visit www.mote.org Cover Photo
Your membership supports Mote research, conservation and outreach programs. Join today or give a gift membership. For more information visit
www.mote.org/membership A black-footed penguin. They’ll be arriving at Mote Aquarium in November.
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or call (941) 388-4441, ext. 373
they bray like donkeys and African penguins because they’re native to South Africa. Their genus name, Spheniscus, means “little wedge” in Greek, and their species name, demersus, means “diving” in Latin. (For the record, Mote’s penguin mascot is called Percy.) HoW Do THEy MEASURE UP? Black-footed penguins are about 2 feet tall and weigh 4 to 8 pounds. The largest penguins alive today are emperor penguins, at about 3 feet tall and 80 pounds. Compare that to the now-extinct Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi, which was about 5 feet tall and weighed in at about 200 pounds. (Now how would you like to see him waddling up in a tuxedo? He would have been quite an imposing dance partner, no doubt!)
Penguin Primer by Nadine Slimak
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t Mote Aquarium, we’re counting down the days until Penguin Island makes its official public debut on Nov. 1. This temporary penguin home, open through February 2012, means we have plenty to do to make sure our black-tie visitors have a safe and happy stay in Sarasota. We’ll be building new exhibit areas in the Courtyard, conducting special trainings for our animal care staff and volunteers and even adding some special programs for guests.
While we’re pretty sure everyone knows some penguin basics (they’re birds, they have feathers, they cannot fly) we thought we’d share some of the lesser-known penguin particulars — after all, don’t you need some fun trivia to help see you through the season’s cocktail parties and charity balls? WHAT ARE THEy CALLED? The Mote Aquarium penguins will be black-footed penguins — an endangered species. The species is also known as the jackass penguin because
WHo SAW THEM FIRST? Undoubtedly, the locals saw blackfooted penguins first. But the first recorded sighting by European explorers was made in the diary of one of the sailors on Vasco da Gama’s trip around the Cape of Good Hope. According to an excerpt from a new translation by Glenn J. Ames (Em nome de Deus: The Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama to India, 1497-1499), the Portuguese expedition spotted the birds on an islet in Mossel Bay known as Seal Island. According to the sailor’s diary: “on this island there are also birds, as big as ducks, but they cannot fly because they do not have feathers on their wings. They are called fortilicaios and we killed as many of them as we liked. These birds bray like asses.” Fortunately, humans have come a long way in our understanding of penguins (they really do have feathers!) and today we’re working to conserve these threatened birds — not shoot them! SPEAKING oF SAVING THEM… For as little as $30, you can adopt a penguin in Mote’s Penguin Island. A portion of the proceeds will support wild penguin conservation programs of the Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds. Visit www.mote.org/adopt for details.
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A queen conch’s eye stalks peer out from its shell.
Dr. Ellen Prager will speak at 7:30 p.m. Monday, Nov. 28, 2011, in Mote’s Immersion Cinema, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota. The talk is free but space is limited and reservations are required. Call 941-388-4441, ext. 691 to register. The lineup for Mote’s 2012 Special Lecture Series will also be announced at that time.
© Kelly Ireland
Illuminating Diabolical Doings in the Deep by Ford Turner
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ndersea creatures have been doing what they do down there — engaging in unimaginable sex rituals, diabolical killings and unholy feasts — for countless centuries, but it took Dr. Ellen Prager to illuminate it with the light of human drama. Prager is the author of the new book, Sex, Drugs, and Sea Slime: The Oceans’ Oddest Creatures and Why They Matter. Her descriptions of the bizarre ways that creatures like the hagfish, the queen conch and the Maine lobster eat and mate and fight and kill are as com-
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pelling as any great novel. The thing is ... these stories are completely true. As a veteran marine scientist, Prager has served as chief scientist at the world’s only undersea research station, Aquarius Reef Base in Key Largo, and assistant dean at the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. Her zeal for marine science, though, has evolved. Today, she’s a sought-after author and has appeared frequently on television. “I have a real passion for bringing the oceans and ocean science to a broader audience,” she says.
She’ll be doing just that during a Special Lecture at Mote in November, where she’ll reveal some of her favorite creature stories from the book. She’ll also explain why these sometimes disgusting, sometimes amazing creatures should matter to the average person. Prager took a few minutes of her time recently to talk to Mote Magazine about her craft, her career and those diabolocal creatures. The title, “Sex, Drugs, and Sea Slime,” seems to fit so perfectly what you wrote about. When did you come up with it — was it in the midst of your research? It was towards the end. I started doing research for the book, combing through the literature, talking to colleagues, and honestly, I kept finding these really wonderful, crazy stories. These themes just started evolving. I did not realize how many animals in the ocean have, use, or are made up of slime! It is truly amazing.
Then, wow, the whole sex thing came up! I discovered just how many unusual and funny strategies there are for organisms to reproduce in the ocean. And then the last theme, drugs, emerged. I have worked with a lot of scientists who study marine animals to improve human health, in biomedical research and in the search for pharmaceuticals. But I didn’t really realize the breadth and diversity of marine animals being used in that way. So there you have it: sex, drugs and sea slime! If you had to pick one, what is the most fascinatingly gross creature you wrote about? oh, I can’t pick just one! Maybe a top three? It would have to include the hagfish, which I found fascinating, funny and totally gross. Also, the queen conch, because let’s just say the well-endowed males were not only surprising, but a funny well-known fact that the biologists joked about in private. I think those two are certainly among the top in terms of fascinating or maybe funny. The other extraordinary organism that I would like to point out, that I think is really interesting, is the cone snail and the search for new pharmaceuticals. There is, in fact, already a new painkiller on the market derived from the cone snail. But scientists think that this one creature in the ocean holds the most potential for drug discovery, more so than any other animal in the world. There are two sentences from your description of the hagfish that I wanted to ask about: “Hagfishes have, however, discovered another, easier way to gain access to their victims’ tasty, tender insides. They go in through open orifices, such as the mouth, gills, or yes, I am sorry to say, the backdoor.” Yikes! Have you found that the hagfish is one that readers remember? It is. People remember it. They laugh about it. you know, it is also “the slime monster.”
one of the things that I really love is when I see or hear about other people having fun with the information in the book. They have learned while also being entertained. And to me, engaging people with humor, and getting them to tell stories — you know, I have heard people tell their friends these stories — is just so gratifying. Did you grow up near the ocean? I grew up outside of Boston. Not really at the ocean, but my parents took me snorkeling when I was a kid and I used to go to the beach. And I always had a love of nature. I used to run around the woods, climb trees and pretend to be a naturalist. When I was in high school, I was a lifeguard. one of the guys I worked with brought a scuba tank to the pool and said, “Hey, you want to try this?” They could not get me out of the pool afterward. I was hooked. So, I got certified to scuba dive while I was in high school. Then I began taking science classes and started studying ocean science and just fell in love with it, particularly because I could combine scuba diving with science. What has made you gravitate toward writing and public education, rather than just being a pure scientist? It was not something that was my intention when I started out in science. over time, however, I started writing and doing more public speaking, bringing the oceans and ocean science to a broader audience. I love hearing stories from my colleagues and there is so much wonderful information that the public never hears about, but that they would be interested in. And it is so important for more people to understand ocean science and its importance to the planet and society. I developed a great passion, and what I think is a strength, for engaging and communicating to the public.
organisms living in the sea. The oil spill was just one moment. Climate change, overfishing, pollution in general and more are continuing to wreak havoc on the oceans and marine life, then and right now. Certainly, we have to worry about what the impact of the oil spill was in the Gulf of Mexico. Particularly, I think, on the small organisms. We may have lost a whole generation of fish larvae ... We don’t really know and it will take a long time to see the true ecological impacts. You mean we can’t quantify them yet? We can’t quantify the impacts, yet. We don’t know if we’ll ever be able to quantify them. The sad thing is that, the whole oil spill was horrible, but what it also illustrates is that it got everybody up in arms because it was an immediate crisis that we could see, it was right in front of our eyes, on the television, the Internet, our mobile phones. We could see what was going on. But, look at the harm done to the ocean by the cumulative impacts of our activities over time, that are just as bad, but it isn’t a crisis we can readily see. We continue to face terrible problems in the ocean. We have been having an impact on the ocean and killing marine life, for years. But it just isn’t that immediate crisis right in front of our eyes, that is so blatant. It seems like there is so much more work for scientists to do. There is so much we don’t know. I find that aspect of the ocean fascinating, because there is a tendency for people to overestimate how much we truly know about the ocean and marine life. I hate to use a cliché, but it fits: “We have barely touched the surface.”
Are there greater concerns, following the Deepwater Horizon spill? Before, during and after the spill there are great concerns about the
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Papilloma tumors grow on turtles’ soft tissues — in this case, a green sea turtle has growths on its eyes and skin.
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Treating Tumors… One Turtle at a Time by Nadine Slimak
T
hey arrive at the hospital sometimes too weak to float or even lift their heads to breathe. These sickly sea turtles are sometimes anemic, sometimes wrapped in fishing line and are often malnourished. one thing many have in common: cauliflower-like growths believed to be caused by a virus. Though noncancerous, the growths can be life threatening when they affect a turtle’s ability to forage for food or when the tumors grow internally on vital organs. The tumors are evidence of a disease called fibropapillomatosis, or FP, says Meghan Koperski, an environmental specialist with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. “In Florida, it most often affects green sea turtles, but it’s been observed in all hardshelled species. The numbers of turtles affected can vary substantially — we can have 10 in a year or well over 1,000.” Mote’s Sea Turtle Rehabilitation Hospital is one of only four facilities in Florida that routinely houses and treats turtles with these tumors. Because the way the virus is transmitted remains unknown, turtles with FP must be quarantined from sick turtles without the disease. That means separate everything — from water filtration systems to food preparation areas. Since 2003, the first year Mote admitted a turtle suffering from FP, 96 turtles with tumors have been treated and 37 have been released. “The tumors can affect everything from their shells, to their flippers to their eyes and even their little noses,” says Lynne Byrd, the hospital’s medical care coordinator. “If the tumors are all external, we can remove them with a laser or by performing cryosurgery and they do well and can be released. But if we find internal tumors, the most humane thing to do is to euthanize them. We recently treated a turtle that ended up having tumors in its bone. The tumors grew and just fractured the bones.” What causes the disease? The
prevailing theory is that the turtles with tumors always carry the virus, which is believed to be a herpes strain (though a different strain from the one humans get) and that most of the time, the virus doesn’t cause any problems. “But then a turtle can be affected by cold stress or something else that affects its immune system and all of a sudden, the virus is out of control and causing tumors,” says Dr. Andy Stamper, Mote’s veterinarian. Florida seems to have hot spots where the disease is more prevalent, Koperski says. “one theory is that we see turtles with papilloma tumors in areas that have lessthan-pristine water conditions.” When scientists began looking at the disease, the fear was that the virus would decimate an already-depleted and endangered species. “But that doesn’t appear to be happening,” Koperski says. “In Hawaii, for instance, they’re starting to see a decline in the number of turtles with papilloma tumors. Perhaps the disease is essentially being weeded out over time. But sea turtles are such a long-lived species that it takes decades to understand if that is happening.” For now, the focus is on understanding where the disease occurs and attacking it from an epidemiological standpoint. “If there are environmental factors playing a role in the disease, then we may be able to improve the overall environment and lessen the incidence of disease that way,” Stamper says. In the meantime, hospitals like Mote struggle for the funding to help get the turtles well and return them to the wild. “Unfortunately neither the state nor the federal government has the resources to fund rehabilitation programs,” Koperski says. “The Sea Turtle Conservancy, which administers funds raised through the sale of the Sea Turtle license plate, provides some funding, but there is never enough money. Instead, the sea turtles rely on organizations like Mote and a contingent of volunteers throughout the state to help.” MOT E M AG A Z I N E | Au T u M N 2 0 1 1
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Not only are tumors affecting this green sea turtle, but it has also become entangled in fishing line.
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Issues & Impacts
Aquaculture — and Science and Technology — as Economic Recovery by Drs. Michael P. Crosby and Kevan L. Main
W
ith continued high unemployment rates and the U.S. economy still struggling to overcome the recent recession, many in our community are asking themselves “what’s next?” Sarasota County showed a commitment to diversifying the region’s economy in trying to bring Jackson Labs to the area. While the plan eventually failed — through no fault of the many community leaders who worked to make it happen — the idea of using science and technology to grow our economy remains a good one. The groundwork already exists in the Sarasota Economic Development Corporation’s emphasis on science and technology (S&T) in its strategic plan and in the many local homegrown engines of science and technology enterprise already in our midst. For example, let’s take a look at Mote — a local institution for nearly 60 years — and some of its cuttingedge research programs that may serve as platforms for new businesses and economic development. The federal government recently announced new efforts to expand aquaculture in the U.S. At Mote, we applaud these efforts as long as they are truly sustainable. With the evergrowing U.S. seafood trade deficit — now at about $10 billion per year — and the enormous amount of seafood
imported (85 percent) here, there is a critical need to develop and expand sustainable production technologies for marine and freshwater species. U.S. aquaculture is inhibited by the high cost and limited availability of coastal lands, high production costs and governmental regulations. We must develop new methods of aquaculture — especially land-based recirculating systems — that do not harm the environment in order to reduce fishing pressure on wild populations and to expand seafood production that improves our own food security. Mote is already an international leader in this arena. At Mote Aquaculture Park in eastern Sarasota County, we have developed state-of-the-art indoor production systems for wild fish restoration and the commercial production of a variety of species. We have a commercially viable operation providing hundreds of pounds of superior, delicious, sustainable fish and caviar to consumers locally and nationally. (And soon we will even begin exporting our products to other countries.) Water-recycling technologies, developed right here in Sarasota County, are ready for transfer to new start-up companies that can create new jobs to help feed the world. Mote has also begun working with commercial partners to develop feed
that does not require harvesting wild fish populations. New feed sources will further remove pressures from threatened marine fisheries currently used as sources for fishmeal. When Jackson Laboratory was considering Sarasota, Mote looked forward to developing close partnerships with them through the use of Florida “start-up” funds being proposed for the deal. The funds could have supported joint research positions and postdoctoral fellowships with Mote and perhaps even utilized Mote’s extensive existing laboratory infrastructure. Why invest funds earmarked for attracting companies to instead enhance existing non-profit science and technology institutions like Mote? We have an overall annual operating budget of about $18 million and 200 staff members. our research budget alone is more than $11 million, with about 100 research staff — a third of whom hold Ph.D.s. Mote’s annual economic impact to our community has been estimated at more than $70 million. Mote conducts diverse research with enormous potential for intellectual property, licensing, venture capital investment and creation of new S&T start-up companies. Beyond sustainable aquaculture, Mote has research focused on biomarkers, wound healing and human cancer therapies, ecogenomics and even robotics. As a unique nonprofit, independent marine research institution, an entrepreneurial spirit is strongly embedded in Mote’s research culture. It is fuel for effectiveness and critical to attracting high-quality staff and scientists. Perhaps it’s time to consider a reemphasis on investment in homegrown engines of science and technology enterprise — Mote among them. —Dr. Michael P. Crosby is Senior Vice President for Research at Mote and President of Sigma Xi-The Scientific Research Society. —Dr. Kevan L. Main is Director of Mote’s Center for Aquaculture Research and Development and President-elect of the World Aquaculture Society.
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Tonya Herschberger & Linda Keefe
Tonya was the nurse who prepped Linda for surgery after she was hit by a drunk driver while walking with her husband and their dog. In spite of her pain and the anxiety that precedes any surgical procedure, Linda gazed up at the nurse and immediately felt at ease. “You have a beautiful smile,” she said. That’s when Tonya shared with Linda the person responsible for her beautiful smile, Dr. Christine Koval. For over 25 years, Dr. Koval has been one of the area’s most trusted experts in creating beautiful, Awarded 20 Gold Medals for Smile Makeovers by the Florida Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry.
natural smiles using the latest advances in restorative, cosmetic, laser and general dentistry. Most new patients come to her based on referrals from people who just can’t stop smiling. Linda turned to Dr. Koval to repair her smile and jaw which was so misaligned she couldn’t chew her food properly. “Tonya’s comforting smile and advice gave me hope and direction,” she says. “I’m so grateful to her, and of course to Dr. Koval. Now I have a smile that I love to share with everyone I meet.” For a complimentary consultation call 941.275.9889 or for a more extensive smile gallery viewing visit
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Mote Milestones
© Chris Kleponis/NWF.
Signing the Partnership Agreement: (From left to right) John Hammond, Regional Executive Director of the National Wildlife Federation’s Southeast Regional Center in Atlanta; Larry Schweiger, National Wildlife Federation President and CEO; Dr. Kumar Mahadevan, President and CEO of Mote Marine Laboratory; Dr. Michael Crosby, Senior Vice President for Research at Mote Marine Laboratory.
New Partnership Mote and the National Wildlife Federation entered into a long-term partnership advancing science-based conservation and sustainable use programs related to marine biodiversity, healthy habitats and natural resources. By joining forces on public outreach and education related to stable and sustainable use of resources, NWF and Mote hope to address threats to the marine environment and have a positive impact on public policy. A Memorandum of Understanding describing the five-year partnership was signed in Washington, D.C., during Capitol Hill oceans Week. This agreement to work together on specific projects will allow both organizations to advance the greater good of marine conservation and expand both organizations’ ability to attend to conservation threats arising in the symbiotic connection between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Collection Earns Prestigious Accreditation The Ruth DeLynn Cetacean osteological Collection at Mote Marine Laboratory has received accredita-
tion by the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM), a nationwide mammal research society. The osteological Collection holds 650 bone specimens from 17 species of dolphins and whales (cetaceans). Says the ASM: “Curator Ruth DeLynn has accomplished a Herculean task in her collection, preparation and organization of this collection. The meticulous detail afforded to each specimen… is remarkable. The resource that Ms. DeLynn has created for the scientific community is unsurpassed, and brings immense credit to Mote.” To support this critical scientific resource, an anonymous donor recently established the “Ruth DeLynn Cetacean Collection at Mote Marine Laboratory Fund” with the Community Foundation of Sarasota County to support the Collection in perpetuity and allow Mote to showcase DeLynn’s work in a new public exhibit in Mote Aquarium that will open later this year. To Protect and Conserve the Gulf of Mexico While representatives from scientific organizations, government, the
oil industry, commercial fishing and water recreation might have different ideas of what’s important about the Gulf of Mexico, most agreed on one thing during a recent two-day workshop at Mote’s Sarasota campus: that the Gulf needs better conservation and protection. “Beyond the Horizon,” a two-day workshop convened by Mote, the Harte Research Institute, the University of South Florida College of Marine Sciences and the National Marine Sanctuaries Foundation, actually ended with a new beginning, organizers said. “This was the first time we were able to bring this diverse group together to talk about unifying protections for the Gulf, so really, we’re at the beginning stages of figuring out what additional conservation measures might be needed and how they could be implemented,” said Dr. Kim Ritchie, conference organizer and manager of Mote’s Marine Microbiology Program. “But everyone agreed that we need more protections — so that’s a really good place to start.”
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Creating Your Plan for giving Back When Don Marshall and his wife, Roma, moved to Sarasota, they took several positions as volunteers — including one working for Mote’s Mobile exhibit. Don found it fascinating, and the longer he worked, the more his knowledge of the sea and its creatures grew. When Roma died in 2004, Don threw himself
If you, too, feel that Mote’s many research and education endeavors are worthy of your support, we encourage you to speak with anna Hayes in the Development Office. She can show you a number of ways to include Mote in your estate plans, including some that give you a lifetime income and still leave a
Teaching new generations about the sea is Don Marshall’s motive for providing a gift to Mote as part of his estate plan. What will yours be? even more into volunteering at Mote. Now Don serves as the day chairman of the Monday afternoon guides in the aquarium — and is more convinced than ever that educating the public about marine life is the best way to protect it. That’s Don’s motive for including a gift in his will to Mote’s Education Division. What will yours be?
handsome gift to Mote Marine Laboratory and aquarium. To arrange a mutually convenient time, call (941) 388-4441, ext. 261, or e-mail anna@ mote.org.
(941) 388-4441, Ext. 261 • e-mail anna@mote.org www.mote.org