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%.',)3(

98J@C@:8K8

ATTRAVERSO I REGISTRI DELLA CANCELLERIA ANGIOINA

MONACI MEDIEVALI E MODERNI INVESTIGATORI

DELL’INNESTO DEGLI ALBERI FRUTTIFERI E DELLA

UN PROBABILE FALSO È COSTITUITO DA UNA PERGAMENA DI INCER TA DATAZIONE (1044 O 1059) PROVENIENTE DALLO SCOMPARSO MONASTERO DI S. NICOLA DI MORBANO IN TERRITORIO DI VENOSA, NELLA QUALE LEGGIAMO DELLA DONAZIONE DI UN MULINO CON OR TO. NEL CASO DI QUESTA PERGAMENA, L’INDIZIO

COSTRUZIONE DELLE CASE .

DI FALSITÀ È COSTITUITO DALLA PRESENZA DEL

ESSI INOLTRE RIUSCIRONO AD AVVICINARSI

VOCABOLO “REGIS”, NON USATO NEL

AL POPOLO GRAZIE AD UNA PREDICAZIONE

D’ITALIA NÉ NEL

SIN DALLA METÀ DEL X SECOLO ARRIVARONO IN BASILICATA MOLTI MONACI GRECI PROVENIENTI DALLA SICILIA. I MONACI AVVIARONO UNA VASTA OPERA DI BONIFICA E INSEGNARONO AI CONTADINI LA PRATICA DELLA ROTAZIONE DELLE COLTURE , LA CONCIMAZIONE DELLE TERRE , LA TECNICA

LA POPOLARITÀ DEI MONACI VENNE ESPRIMENDOSI

1044 NÉ NEL 1059.

SOLO NEL 1130, INFATTI, RUGGERO II ASSUNSE IL TITOLO REGIO E , PER TANTO, SI PUÒ IPOTIZZARE

ATTRAVERSO FREQUENTI LASCITI E DONAZIONI ALLE

CHE IL DOCUMENTO SIA STATO REDATTO DOPO

LORO COMUNITÀ.

TALE DATA. MOLTI FALSI SI CELANO FRA I DOCUMENTI

I RICCHI PATRIMONI MONASTICI, PERÒ, FURONO SPESSO OGGETTO DI RUBERIE .

NEI MONASTERI SI ESERCITÒ CON ZELO ANCHE L’ “AR TE DELLA FALSIFICAZIONE”.

MEDIEVALI. E SPESSO TOCCA AGLI ARCHIVISTI

PAR TICOLARMENTE COINVOLGENTE .

VALERIA VERRASTRO 68

MEZZOGIORNO

INDOSSARE LE VESTI DI INVESTIGATORI CERCANDO DI SCIOGLIERE MISTERI NASCOSTI SOTTO LE PIEGHE DI ANTICHE SCRITTURE .

M NDO

BASILICATA

1044, VENOSA. ARCHIVIO DI STATO DI POTENZA, PERGAMENE DEPOSITATE DAL CAPITOLO DELLA CATTEDRALE DI VENOSA, N. 4.

A spasso per il territorio lucano in piena età medievale, non ci imbattiamo solo in rocche e castelli, ma anche in splendidi monasteri disseminati nelle quiete solitudini di montagne e boschi verdeggianti.

Sin dalla seconda metà del X secolo arrivarono in Basilicata monaci greci provenienti dalla Sicilia, dove la situazione dei cristiani era diventata precaria in seguito alle lotte intestine tra i gruppi di musulmani che avevano occupato l’isola.

La Basilicata si riempì di molti insediamenti monastici, soprattutto nella zona del Pollino e nel Lagonegrese, lungo il medio corso del Sinni, nelle valli dell’Agri, del Basento e del Bradano e nella regione del Vulture. Ai monaci bizantini subentrarono, soprattutto con l’arrivo dei Normanni, quelli benedettini.

I monaci si dedicarono ad una vita di preghiera, ma non solo. Essi avviarono infatti una vasta opera di bonifica e insegnarono ai contadini la pratica della rotazione delle colture, la concimazione delle terre, la tecnica dell’innesto degli alberi fruttiferi e della costruzione delle case.

Non è certo un caso che, molto spesso, proprietari dei mulini - elementi essenziali nell’economia agraria dell’epoca fossero proprio i monasteri. In una pergamena datata 19 agosto 1256, proveniente dallo scomparso monastero bizantino di S. Nicola di Morbano in territorio di Venosa, si parla della vendita di un piccolo podere da parte di Nifo, abate del monastero, finalizzata al raggiungimento della somma necessaria alla riparazione di un mulino a ruota appartenente allo stesso monastero.

Curiosità del documento sono le sottoscrizioni in greco dei monaci, tra cui quella dell’abate Nifo che recita: “per grazia di Dio igumeno del monastero di S. Nicola di Morbano”.

I monaci riuscirono, inoltre, ad avvicinarsi al popolo grazie ad una predicazione particolarmente coinvolgente: notevole il segno lasciato da figure carismatiche come san Saba, san Vitale da Castronuovo e san Luca di Armento.

La popolarità dei monaci venne esprimendosi attraverso frequenti lasciti e donazioni alle loro comunità. I ricchi patrimoni monastici, però, furono spesso oggetto di ruberie e furti. In una pergamena del 4 ottobre 1280 leggiamo di un certo Stefano Galiana di Venosa il quale, giacente a letto per malattia, 8

69

IN BASSO, MONTESCAGLIOSO, LE FORTIFICAZIONI DELL’ABBAZIA. (DAL REGNO DI NAPOLI IN PROSPETTIVA, 1703)

restituisce a Taddeo, abate di S. Nicola di Morbano, una terra in contrada de Aliprando, di proprietà del monastero.

Terra che, ci viene da pensare, forse egli aveva precedentemente sottratto ai monaci.

Depositari di ricchezze temporali, luoghi dei saperi antichi racchiusi nei volumi delle loro biblioteche, i monasteri si vennero arricchendo anche di preziosissimi documenti. Nel 1743, ad esempio, si parla dell’archivio dell’abbazia di S. Maria di Banzi collocato “in un grande stipo o sia armadio serrato, nel quale si son riposti, e si van riponendo gli originali, o autentici di tanti diplomi e documenti…”.

E nei monasteri si esercitò spesso con zelo anche l’ “arte della falsificazione”. Un probabile falso, ad esempio, è costituito da una pergamena di incerta datazione (1044 o 1059) proveniente anch’essa dal monastero di Morbano, nella quale leggiamo della donazione di un mulino con orto.

70

Ma come si è fatto a scoprire la “falsità” del documento?

Nel caso di questa pergamena, l’ “indizio” è costituito dalla presenza del vocabolo “regis”, non usato nel Mezzogiorno d’Italia né nel 1044 né nel 1059. Solo nel 1130, infatti, Ruggero II assunse il titolo regio e, pertanto, si può ipotizzare che il documento sia stato redatto solo dopo tale data.

Molti falsi si celano fra i documenti medievali. E spesso tocca a noi archivisti indossare le vesti di bravi investigatori cercando, come Guglielmo da Baskerville nel romanzo di Eco, di sciogliere misteri nascosti sotto le pieghe di antiche scritture.

M NDO

BASILICATA

ATELLA, RUDERI DEL MONASTERO DI S. IPPOLITO. CAPITELLO A STAMPELLA RAPPRESENTANTE UN MONACO LATINO.

1280 ottobre 4, Venosa Stefano da Galiana, essendo infermo, restituisce a Taddeo, abate di S. Nicola di Morbano, una terra in contrada de Aliprando di proprietà del monastero.

(Archivio di Stato di Potenza, Pergamene depositate dal capitolo della cattedrale di Venosa, n. 30.)

Noi Filippo de Domno Maynardo giudice regio di Venosa, Pietro notaio pubblico della stessa terra e i sottoscritti testimoni a tal fine in modo speciale chiamati e invitati, col presente pubblico scritto facciamo noto che, su richiesta e istanza del venerabile padre domino Taddeo, abate del monastero di S. Nicola di Morbano, ci siamo recati personalmente nella casa di Stefano de Galiana il quale, ivi trattenuto perché infermo, ma di buona e retta condizione, confessò a noi di tenere e possedere un tenimento di terre nella contrada detta de Aliprando, il quale tenimento di terre era stato di proprietà del predetto monastero di S. Nicola di Morbano.

From the half of the X century many Greek monks arrived in Basilicata from Sicily. They carried out important land reclamation works and taught farmers the practice of the rotation of crops, the soil fertilization, the technique of the grafting of fruit trees and of the building of houses.

Moreover, they easily approached common people with their enthralling preaching.

The sign of their popularity was the vast number of bequests and donations made to their community. However, the rich monastic patrimonies were often subject to robberies. In the monasteries the ‘art of forgery’ was also common. An example of forgery

Il quale predetto Stefano in nostra presenza restituisce ed rinuncia nelle mani del predetto signore abate, per conto della chiesa e del monastero predetti, il tenimento di terre sopradetto.

Di tutti tali atti in nostra presenza il predetto signor abate ci chiese, per la restituzione e rinunzia del tenimento di terre predetto, che sia redatto un pubblico istrumento, alla cui richiesta aderimmo perché riconoscemmo come giusta.

Il presente pubblico istrumento è fatto da me per mano del predetto pubblico notaio di Venosa, convalidato con la sottoscrizione del mio segno e delle firme del predetto giudice e dei nostri testimoni. † Io Filippo di Domino Maynardo come sopra regio giudice di Venosa. † Segno di croce della mano di Riccardo de Giurrisio Lombardo. † Segno di croce della mano del capitano Raone de Cerreto. † Segno di croce della mano di Ruggero de Manpanti. =

might be the scroll belonging to the monastery of S. Nicola di Morbano in Venosa, which is difficult do date (1004 or 1059) and which deals with the donation of a mill with a market/vegetable garden. The scroll can be considered a fake as it contains the word “regis”, which was not in use in the South of Italy either in 1044 or in 1059.

It was not until 1130 that Ruggero II assumed the royal title, therefore it can be said that the document was written after this date. A great number of forged documents are to be found among medieval documents. It is often for the archivists to act as investigators and look into the mysteries hidden in old documents.

ENGLISH

† Nell’anno dall’incarnazione del Signore nostro Gesù Cristo millesimo duecentesimo ottantesimo. Regnante il signore nostro Karlo, per grazia di Dio re di Gerusalemme e Sicilia, del ducato di Puglia e del principato di Capua, della provincia di Andegavia, conte romano e principe di Acaia. Anno quinto del nostro regno di Gerusalemme e decimo quinto del nostro regno di Sicilia, nel mese di ottobre, giorno quarto, ottava indizione, presso Venosa.

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writing history

Alla ricerca dei figli perduti 72

Anna Picardi ROSARIA NELLA

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L’Italia sta scoprendo che gli Italiani sparsi per il mondo sono, più o meno, tanti quanti quelli residenti sul territorio nazionale. L’attenzione prestataci sta assumendo toni, a dir poco, patetici e non manca di destare legittimi sospetti.

Siamo interessanti in quanto nuovi elettori.

E ti pare poco? I nostri risparmi non costituiscono più le rimesse di una volta, visto che i nostri figli la casa se la fanno dove lavorano, in barba al nostro sogno del ritorno che ci ha fatto costruire cattedrali nel deserto… economico. Il desiderio di scoprire le proprie radici vede i nostri nipoti navigare in internet alla ricerca di dati per completare il proprio albero genealogico. Al turismo virtuale può seguire quello reale, no?

E poi si vogliono indietro i nostri cervelli (brain beck è la parola d’ordine per gli addetti ai lavori).

L’abbiamo sempre saputo: contadino-scarpe grosse, cervello fino. Immaginiamoci se i nostri pronipoti il cervello poi lo hanno affinato in una università californiana!

Ma come si individuano ed eleggono i cittadini, mi sono chiesta, quali sono i criteri di attribuzione della nazionalità? Più semplice di quanto pensassi.

L’ho scoperto proprio ieri. Milena, una bambina di otto anni vive da due anni in Germania. Il suo cognome è tedesco, la sua madrelingua il castellano.

La mamma argentina vuole iscriverla al corso di lingua e cultura italiana per i figli degli emigrati e si affanna a spiegarmi, in castellano naturalmente, che la bambina ne ha diritto perché cittadina italiana.

E fa per tirare fuori il passaporto.

Le dico che non occorre, che le credo, ma che mi dovrebbe togliere una curiosità: da dove viene l’italianità? La nonna del marito era italiana e... scopri, scopri… lucana.

Le chiedo come mai non abbiano chiesto la cittadinanza tedesca con un cognome tedesco e la scelta di vivere qui in Germania. La risposta non è di ordine sentimentale, come forse mi attendevo, ma molto pragmatica: “perché è stato molto più facile e celere ottenere quella italiana. I tedeschi sono diventati molto più restrittivi dopo essersi visti invasi, nei decenni scorsi, da oriundi provenienti dai Paesi dell’est che di tedesco avevano solo un cane pastore.

Personalmente sono molto contenta per la sua famiglia e per Milena e che potrà muoversi liberamente nell`UE e nei vari continenti, poliglotta e de facto già cittadina del mondo, con un passaporto italiano in tasca. E allora cosa si vuole di più dalla vita?

Una nonna... lucana, No? =

M NDO

BASILICATA

“Premio Cento alla Stampa Locale” a Mondo Basilicata Assemblea territoriale va da tempo facendo per rinsaldare i legami tra la comunità regionale ed i suoi tanti figli che vivono fuori regione. Ma è anche un premio alla capacità dell’Ufficio stampa di affinare gli strumenti dell’informazione per renderli più in sintonia con una società in evoluzione”.

“Mondo Basilicata” è una rivista che affronta il tema dell’emigrazione in termini moderni, cercando il dialogo con le nuove generazioni di lucani all’estero, per i quali la Basilicata è al massimo il ricordo di un racconto.

Relazionarsi con questa nuova realtà significa non affidarsi solo ai sentimenti, ma mettere a valore quello che ancora unisce, cercare punti di scambio nuovi. Imprenditori, medici, artisti, sacerdoti, scienziati: i figli dei lucani all’estero, e i figli dei figli dei primi emigrati hanno innervato con il loro ingegno e la loro capacità le comunità di riferimento ed oggi, con la loro piena e totale integrazione, segnano il punto di approdo del fenomeno emigratorio.

Ma perché deve essere un punto di non ritorno? Perché non organizzare il secondo tempo di questo fenomeno cercando una “lucanità” che unisce nel tempo e nello spazio?

Da qui l’idea di una rivista che dialoga in inglese e che usa le forme elettroniche di corrispondenza. E che cerca le storie, quelle belle e quelle amare, per documentare il percorso di crescita di una comunità, entro e fuori dei confini regionali.

ROSARIA NELLA

Si arricchisce il ventaglio dei riconoscimenti assegnati alle pubblicazioni edite dal Consiglio Regionale della Basilicata.

Due anni fa, nell’ambito del Com.pa, il salone internazionale della comunicazione pubblica e dei servizi al cittadino, la collana dei quaderni “ Documentazione Regione” si aggiudicò il terzo premio riservato alle istituzioni pubbliche; quest’anno “Mondo Basilicata”, la neonata rivista del parlamentino lucano che affronta i problemi dell’emigrazione e dell’internazionalizzazione, è stata scelta come la migliore pubblicazione del settore.

Il “Premio Cento alla stampa locale”, è ormai un punto di riferimento nel panorama della comunicazione pubblica e gode dell’alto patrocinio dell’Ordine nazionale dei Giornalisti. Legittima la soddisfazione del presidente del Consiglio Regionale, Vito De Filippo. “È un riconoscimento allo sforzo che la massima

VITO DE FILIPPO, PRESIDENTE CONSIGLIO REGIONALE BASILICATA E NICOLETTA ALTOMONTE, DIRETTORE RESPONSABILE “MONDO BASILICATA”

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