Chapter 15 and 24

CHAPTER 15-TURFGRASSES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 1) PREPARE THE SOIL 1) SOIL SAMPLES 2) REMOVE DEBRIS 3) PROVIDE PROPER DRAINAGE 2) PLANT LOCALLY ADOPTED DISEASE RESISTANT TURFGRASS SPECIES 3) PURCHASE HIGH QUALITY DIESEASE FREE SEED, SOD OR SPRIGS 4) FOLLOW PROPER IRRIGATION PRACTICES 5) APPLY FERTILIZER ACCORDING TO SOIL ANALYSIS RECOMMENDA TIONS 6) MOW AT RECOMMENDED HEIGHT 7) REMOVE EXCESS THATCH 8) ALLOW FOR ADEQUATE LIGHT AND AIR MOVEMENT IN SHADED AREAS 1) SHADE MAY RESULT IN EXCESS MOISTURE 2) ENCOURAGE LIGHT AND AIR MOVEMENT THROUGH PRUNING AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN 3) RAISE MOWING HEIGHT IN THE SHADE 4) FOLLOW RECOMMENDED DISEASE,INSECT AND WEED CONTROL PRACTICE 5) REDUCE FERTILIZER 20-50% IN FULL AREAS PESTS ARE: 1) SOIL INHABITANTS 2) THATCH INHABITANTS PATCHES OF WILTED, DEAD OR DYING GRASS,GRUBS, GROUND PEARLS OR DYING GRASS CHEWED BLADES-SOD WEBWORMS, ARMYWORMS, CUTWORMS YELLOWISH SPOTS

SINCH BUG,SPITTLE BUG

CHAPTER 15-TURFGRASSES MANAGEMENT 1) GOOD CULTURAL PRACTICES APPROVED METHODS OF FERTILIZATION, WATERING, MOWING ETC 2) THATCH REMOVAL 3) EARLY DETECTION 4) SWEEP NET TO CAPTURE INSECTS 5) FLOTATION BUGS WILL FLOAT TO THE TOP OF WATEER 6) IRRIGATION MIX WATER AND DDETERGENT AND POUR ON INSECTS 7) CORRECT IDENTIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF THE APPROPRIATE METHOD 8) PROPER SELECTION OF CONTROL MATERIALS: BAITS

CONCENTRATES

GRANULES

SPRAYS

WETABLE POWDERS

9) CORRECT APPLICATION 10) DISTRIBUTION PROPER DISTRIBUTION 11) IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS WHETHER TO IRRIGATE BEFORE OR AFTER APPLICATION

CHAPTER 24-COMPOSTING COMPOSTING A CONTROLLED ACCELERATED VERSION OF DECOMPOSITION OF ORGAN IC MATTER GRASS CLIPPINGS SPOILED FRFUIT

UNCOOKED VEGETABLES FRUIT PEELINGS

SMALL TWIGS

FALL LEAVES

THESE ARE DEDCOMPOSED BY BACTERIA,FUNGI, AND ORGANISMS COMPOSTING IMPROVES: TILTH DRAINAGE

INFILTRATION

ENHANCES NUTRIENTS HELPS WATER HOLDING CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFICIENT DECOMPOSITION: 1) AERATION OXYGEN IS REQUIRED MIX OR TURN THE PILE ONCE A MONTH OR PLACE A PREFER -ATED PIPE WITHIN THE PILE 2) MOISTURE MOISTURE FOR MICROBIAL ACTIVITY MICROORGANISMS GROW THAT BREAK DOWN MATTER INTO HUMUS ADD ENOUGH WATER FOR A MOIST PILE ( DAMP) ( TEXTURE OF A MOIST SPONGE) 3) PARTICLE SIZE THE SMALLER THE PARTICLE SIZE, THE FASTER THE DECOMPOSIT -ION

CHAPTER 24-COMPOSTING PHYSICAL DECOMPOSER MITES CENTIPEDES

MILLIPEDES SOWBUGS

SNAILS SPIDERS

SLUGS SPRINGTAILS

BEETLES WORMS

FLIES EARTHWORMS

USE OF INOCULE( BACTERIAL ACTIVATION) SPECIAL ENZYMES HORMONES BIOCATALYST ACTIVATOR TEMPERATURE IS USUALLY HIGH CARBON-NITROGEN RATIO THE HIGHER THE CARBON NUMBER-THE LONGER THE DECOMPOSITION WILL TAKE ALFALPHA-12 TO 1 TO 1

FOOD WASTE-15

GRASS CLIPPINGS-19 TO 1 20 TO 1

ROLLED MANURE-

FRUIT WASTE– 35 TO 1

LEAVES-60 TO 1

CORNSTALKS-60 TO 1

STRAW-80 TO 1

SAWDUST-500 TO 1 OTHER NUTRIENTS

WOOD-700-1

BONE MEAL MANURE PLANTS CHAPTER 24-COMPOSTING FERTILIZER AND LIME HIGH NITROGEN FERTILIZER AEROBIC STRUCTURES BARRELLS OR DRUMS WITH HOLES ALONG THE SIDES 55 GALLON PLACE ON BLOCKS SO THAT THE WATER DRAINS AND AIR CIRCU LATES UNDERNETH FILL 2/3RDS FULL– 1/4 TH FERTILIZER LET COMPOST FOR 2-4 MONTHS ANAEROBIC STRUCTURES 30-40 GALLON PLASTIC BAGS 3 ML THICK 1 TABLESPOON FERTILIZER 1 CUP LIME 1 QUART OF WATER 6-112 MONTHS ORGANIC WASTES TOP WITH SOIL TOP WITH 1/3 CUP FERTILIZER

WATER AND TURN ONCE A WEEK FOR 25 SQUARE FEET