INDEX 1) Types of tourism. 1.1) Types of tourism in Andalusia.
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2) Geographical distribution of the different types of tourism in Andalusia.
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3) Factors that influence in the location according to the type of tourism in Andalusia.
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4) Trends of the national tourism.
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5) Trends of the international tourism.
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6) Advantages and disadvantages of the tourist development of Cazorla.
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7) Factors that influence tourism demand.
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8) How can we influence the factors that affect on the choice of Sierras of Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park by the visitors?
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1) Types of tourism According to the movement of tourists we can find: –
Domestic tourism: it comprises the activities of residents of a given country travelling to and staying in places inside their residential country, but outside their usual environment for not more than 12 consecutive months for leisure, business or other purposes.
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International tourism: it is travel to a country outside of the one’s residential country. The purpose of the visit is not for business purposes and lasts for less than 12 months. ➢ Inbound tourism: means visits to a country by visitors who are not residents of that country. ➢ Outboundtourism: means visits by residents of a country outside that country.
Webgraphy: https://www.stat.fi/meta/kas/kotimmatkailu_en.html https://www.reference.com/business-finance/define-international-tourism-45f64d1b2febbb1e https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Tourism
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There are different forms of tourism, among which stand out: –
According to the purpose of the trip ➢ Leisure: Leisure travel is travel in which the primary motivation is to take a vacation from everyday life. Leisure travel is often characterized by staying in nice hotels or resorts, relaxing on beaches or in a room, or going on guided tours and experiencing local tourist attractions.The most important are: Cultural:is the movements of persons for essentially cultural motivations such as study tours, performing arts and cultural tours, travel to festivals and other cultural events, visits to sites and monuments, travel to study nature, folklore or art, and pilgrimages. This type of tourism carries out short stays with a destination time between 3 or 4 days. It is very flexible since it tends to combine culture with other motivations with what supposes an easy handling of the demand. Religious: is a form of tourism, whereby people of faith travel individually or in groups for reasons related to religion or spirituality. It could be under pilgrimage missionary, or leisure purposes. Many of today's most popular tourist destinations are related to ancient places of worship or to the site of apparent miracles. Basically, sacred destinations and places of pilgrimage associate with the mainstream faiths: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, and Sikhism.
Nature: they are the trips that have as purpose to realize recreational activities in direct contact with the nature and the cultural expressions that surround him with an attitude and commitment to know, to respect, to enjoy and to participate in the conservation of the natural and cultural resources.there are different forms of nature tourism, such as wildlife tourism, ecotourism, rural tourism, and sustainable tourism, which we will explain below.
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Wildlife tourism: involves travel to observe wildlife in natural environments and preferably their native habitat. It is a further subset of nature tourism and one in which significantly high levels of domestic and international interest exist. Wildlife tourism involves wild and non domesticated animals and can encompass free-ranging and captive circumstances. Ecotourism: it is ecologically sustainable tourism, with a primary focus on experiencing natural areas, that fosters environmental and cultural understanding, appreciation and conservation.the objective is that the tourist learns, through the observation of the ecosystems, to appreciate the nature that surrounds him and the traditional cultures of this natural zone. The ultimate aim is to reduce the negative impact that general tourism usually has on the environment, social ultural, and in this way protect natural areas. Rural: it is focused on participating in a rural lifestyle. Any village can be a tourist attraction. Agriculture is becoming highly mechanized and therefore requires less manual labor. This is causing economic pressure on some villages, leading to an exodus of young people to urban areas. There is however, there are a urban population that is interested to visit the rural areas and understand their perspective.
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Sustainable tourism: it stablishes a suitable balance between the environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, plays an important role in conserving biodiversity. It attempts to minimize its impact on the environment and local culture so that it will be available for future generations, while contributing to generate income, employment, and the conservation of local ecosystems.
Adventure tourism: it involves exploration or travel with a certain degree of risk (real or perceived), and which may require special skills and physical exertion. adventure travel may be any tourist activity that includes physical activity, a cultural exchange, and connection with nature.
Food tourism: it s the exploration of food as the purpose of tourism. It is now considered a vital component of the tourism experience and food is believed to rank alongside climate, accommodation, and scenery in importance to tourists.
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Medical Tourism: it is caused where people who live in one country travel to another country to receive medical, dental and surgical care while at the same time receiving equal to or greater care than they would have in their own country, and are traveling for medical care because of affordability, better access to care or a higher level of quality of care.
➢ Bussines: It is the use of travel services, hotel facilities and other amenities by people who are traveling on business. The tourism industry separates business tourism from leisure tourism in an effort to promote the former by offering particular services for business people. MICE tourism: the term "MICE" in the context of travel is an acronym for meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions. The MICE market refers to a specialized niche of group tourism dedicated to planning, booking, and facilitating conferences, seminars, and other events, which is a big moneymaker in the travel industry. These are the main types of tourism that stand out for their popularity. On the other hand there are many other less representative types, but which are acquiring popularity. If you want to know some of them click here. Webgraphy: https://dos.myflorida.com/cultural/info-and-opportunities/resources-by-topic/cultural-tourismtoolkit/what-is-cultural-tourism-basic-information/ https://www.academia.edu/12252237/Religious_Tourism_Pilgrimage_and_Cultural_Tourism https://www.medicaltourismassociation.com/es/medical-tourism-faq-s.html http://outdooreconomy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Tourism-New-S.Wales_defining_nature_tourism.pdf https://www.worldfoodtravel.org/cpages/what-is-food-tourism https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-MedicalTourism.aspxhttps://www.reference.com/business-finance/business-tourism-e5343554fb895447 https://www.tripsavvy.com/what-is-mice-in-the-travel-industry-3252496
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1.2) Types of tourism in Andalucia ➢ Cultural tourism: Andalusia has a rich and millenary cultural heritage, which in recent decades has been revalued. There are more than 28,000 monuments, and 126 of its municipalities have been declared historic sites he Alhambra of Granada, the Mosque of Cordoba or the Giralda of Seville are monumental andmarks of Humanity, an immense artistic legacy inherited from a millenary History. You hould not miss the opportunity to enjoy the cities of Ubeda and Baeza in Jaén, both World eritage Sites, or towns such as Arcos de la Frontera in Cádiz, Ronda in Málaga or Moguer in Huelva. The brilliant Islamic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture of its most important buildings, ts castles, fortresses and monasteries, scattered all over its surface, complete a heritage of normous transcendence. In addition, Andalusia has a wide range of cultural routes, including the "Legado Andalusí", he Romantic Routes of Cadiz, the Bético-Romana or the Tempranillo. Webgraphy: http://www.andalucia.org/es/turismo-cultural/ ttps://www.juntadeandalucia.es/temas/culturacio/vacaciones/cultura.html
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➢ Active and sports tourism: Andalusia is a privileged destination for the practice of all types of sports. The magnificent climatic conditions and the quality of the sports facilities, make the Andalusian region is chosen as the preferred place for the celebration of activities and sporting events. In Andalusia you can practice all kinds of sports: water sports, golf, horse sports, nature sports, team sports or individually, for adults and children.
Andalusia is the best Spanish region to practice golf, as its climate allows you to practice his sport during all months of the year. The courses are located in privileged areas often coast, which also offer other activities for leisure time.
Sierra Nevada is the southernmost ski resort in Europe, just 100 km from the Mediterranean Sea. This environmental paradise has been declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, and is also a Natural Park. Sierra Nevada is an ideal destination for family skiing, but it also offers a sports scene for young people and new snow disciplines.
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Webgraphy: https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/temas/cultura-ocio/vacaciones/deportes.html http://www.andalucia.org/es/turismo-y-deporte/ ➢ Ecotourism: Spain is the European country with the greatest biodiversity, and Andalusia has a good part of the territory. Spain contributes the largest area of land to the Natura 2000 Network, and the Spanish government has drawn up the National Rural Development Plan 2014-2020, which sets out the objectives to be achieved. The challenges for the future in this sense are the local distribution of wealth, theonservation of natural destinations and the promotion of local culture. To this aim, several documents have been elaborated such as: the Declaration Strategic Environmental Plan, the Indicator Plan. In Andalusia, we have natural territories with a wealth and biodiversity capable of implementing the ecotourism model, creating a framework of knowledge to conserve the environment and business activity that distributes wealth in rural areas in a sustainable way.
Andalusia currently has some initiatives of national and international success within ecotourism. An example of them, is the Alcazar de Cazorla, which is an ecocenter specialized in product development taking advantage of the resources of the destination, nature, local culture, gastronomy with the creation of specific events, aimed at groups, individuals, associations, and schools. On the other hand, it has also taken advantage of new technologies to market organic products such as cosmetics and gastronomic products of the area. Webgraphy: https://www.andalucialab.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ebook_ecoturismo_Andaluc %C3%ADaLab.pdf http://elcantalarcazorla.com/ 9
➢ Food tourism: One of the characteristics of Andalusian cuisine is that it has a great quality for the products that provides the diverse geography and its climate. That is why many of its products have certifications and distinctions of quality. There are few cousines as varied and with such differentiated personalities as the eight Andalusian provinces. The gastro-tourist routes that cross the region trace a faithful radiography of Andalusian cuisine through its most representative products. Some itineraries that have wine, oil, rice, ham or almadraba tuna as their main threads and that also allow the traveller to immerse himself in the culture,the history, natural heritage and traditions of the world's populations through which they pass.The most important gastronomic routes are: ◦ Seville Olive Oil and Olive Route ◦ Route of the rice of the province of Seville ◦ Red Tuna Route of the Almadraba ◦ Route of the Jabugo ◦ Wine and Brandy Routes in the Jerez Region ◦ MontillaMoriles Wine Route ◦ Route of the wine and the bodegas of the Serrania de Ronda
Webgraphy: https://www.turismoandaluz.com/sites/default/files/folletos/guia_practica_turismo_gastronomico.pd f
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➢ Sun and beach tourism:Andalusia has more than 800 kilometres of coastline and its beaches are surprising for the diversity of their landscapes, from the wide beaches of fine sand of the provinces of Cadiz or Huelva, to the hidden coves between cliffs of the coast of Granada, Costa del Sol or Almeria. The beaches of Andalusia also have a great variety of services. The marinas, golf courses, promenades, outdoor sports tracks and a wide variety of restaurants have made Andalusia an ideal destination for sun and beach tourism or for water sports. The coastline, from the Almeria Coast, the Granada Tropical Coast, the Costa del Sol in Malaga or the Costa de la Luz in Cadiz and the Costa de la Luz in Huelva, forms an idyllic natural setting, together with the warmth of its waters and its omnipresent sun.
Webgraphy: http://www.andalucia.org/es/playas/ https://www.diariodesevilla.es/economia/Andalucia-destino-sol-playas_0_1296770590.html
➢ Religious Tourism: Some of the Andalusian Easter Weeks have won recognition as a festivity of international tourist interest. But this tourism does not only focus on Easter. Some examples would be Corpus Christi in Granada, the Camino del Rocío (Huelva), the May crosses in Cordoba, visiting jubilant cities such as Utrera, etc. There also exists the type of cultural-religious visit in which the tourist enjoys places or religious or sacred monuments, such as churches, cathedrals, convents... A clear example is the city of Antequera, which promotes this type of tourism.
Webgraphy: http://blog.vimehotels.com/el-turismo-religioso-en-andalucia/ 11
2) Geographical distribution of the different types of tourism in Andalusia
➢ Granada: In the province of Granada we have several types of tourism, such as cultural tourism. In cultural tourism we can find monuments such as the Albaycín (old Arab quarter), the Alcazaba de Baza, the Alcazaba de Guadix, the Alcázar del Genil, the Alhambra and the Generalife, and the Basilica of San Juan de Dios among others. Nature tourism is also present in Granada and we can see examples of this in the Sierra Nevada National Park, one of the most important in Granada, Andalusia and Spain. The Sierra de Baza Natural Park, the Sierra de Huétor Natural Park and the Sierra de Castril Natural Park are also among others. The rural tourism is also very varied, being able for example to realize activities of mountain, senderismo and, mainly, of snow sports. Speaking of gastronomic tourism, we can say that Granada is one of the best places. We can carry out gastronomic activities and tapas routes such as the wine route, the visit to the Drying of Hams in Trevélez, the tapas route Plaza Gran Capitán and the tapas route Albaicín-Calle ElviraPaseo de los Tristes. 12
Finally, in Granada we come to talk about sports and leisure tourism, which highlights especially skiing activities in Sierra Nevada, and the street Recogidas to go shopping.
➢ Seville: In the province of Seville, as in Granada we find several types of tourism. In cultural tourism we can find monuments such as the Metropol Parasol de la Encarnación, the Hotel Alfonso XIII, the Torre del Oro and the Giralda, among others. It is also worth noting a very important cultural activity that is the April Fair. In nature tourism we can visit the Maria Luisa Park, which contains natural monuments such as the Cerro del Hierro, the Reales Alcázares, the Brazo del Este and the Cañada de los Pájaros. Seville also has a great gastronomic tourism due to the game meats and pork products that are raised in the meadows, also by the rice fields of the Guadalquivir marshes and fish and seafood from the Andalusian coast. The expression of all this is the so-called "tapeo", which is added to the typical stews, stews, sweets and mantecados that we can enjoy throughout the province of Seville. There is also the tourism of leisure and sport, with action activities and tourist events that come from companies such as "Afodeporte", "Alaventura", and "Anima Dos".Find out more here.
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➢ Malaga: In Malaga, as in all other provinces we have all kinds of tourism. Therefore, we are going to start with cultural tourism.In cultural tourism we can find important monuments such as the Alcazaba, the Cathedral and the Cathedral Museum, the Gibralfaro Castle, the Roman Theatre and the Automobile Museum. In nature tourism, Malaga has a natural heritage that offers places of extraordinary environmental wealth, such as the Montes de Málaga natural park, the natural site of the Desembocadura del Guadalhorce, the Concepción Botanical-Historical Garden and the Malaga Park. In gastronomic tourism, Malaga cuisine is famous for the simplicity of the ingredients used, the variety and richness of its dishes and its special flavour. El Pimpi and El Tintero are some of the most famous bars in Malaga. Malaga enjoys a great leisure and sports tourism due to its privileged climatic and meteorological conditions. It is a preferred tourist destination both for the practice of sports and for the organization of sporting events. Normally the activities are golf, swimming, sailing, scuba diving, windsurfing and sport fishing among others.
➢ Almeria: In Almeria we can find cultural tourism because we have a very important monument, which is the Alcazaba. We also have other monuments such as the Old Hospital of Santa Madalena, the Roman Albanchez Aqueduct, the Almazara Castle of Tabernas and the Old Railway Station. 14
Within nature tourism we can find Cabo de Gata, which is the largest protected area of the Mediterranean coast, the Alboran Natural Park, Sierra Alhamilla, the Acerolo del Cortijo de las Iglesias and the Albufera de Adra. Gastronomic tourism plays an important role and is based on products from the sea and the land. The most important gastronomic sites are Lub de Mar, El Sotillo, Espronceda, La Costa and San José. Finally, we can say that in leisure tourism and sport companies such as Al-Alba, Almeria Bike Tours and Cabo de Gata Aventura.
➢ Cádiz: Cádiz has a great cultural tourist attraction because it has many spaces for cultural tourism. Let's start with the Bay of Cadiz which is made up of the Casa de Iberoamérica, the Santa Catalina Castle, the Cathedral of Cadiz and the Reina Sofia Cultural Centre. In the Lower Guadalquivir we find the Castle of Santiago, the Casa Medina Sidonia Foundation and the Muscatel Museum. Another very important place is the Sierra de Cádiz or Pueblos Blancos, where we find the Castle of Arcos, the Church of San José and the Bullfighting Museum of "Jesulín de Ubrique".
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In nature tourism we find the Estrecho National Park, the Alcornocales Natural Park, the Breña Natural Park, the Barbate Marshes and the Doñana Environment Natural Park. Speaking of the gastronomic tourism, we find varied routes of gastronomy, like the Routes of the Wines of Cadiz, the route of the tuna of Almadraba, the route of the cheeses and the route of the oil of the Mountain range among others more. In leisure and sports tourism we find mountain and hiking routes such as the River of Honey, the Botanical Route through the Sierra de Lijar and the Tower. There are also leisure activities such as buggy routes, quad routes and horse routes. Finally, in sporting activities we find some hiking, water sports and climbing sports. Find out more here. ➢ Huelva: In the cultural tourism of the province of Huelva we find monuments and places like the Convent of the Agustinas, the Moret Park, the Cathedral of the Merced, Las Cocheras del Puerto and El Gran Teatro. As far as nature tourism is concerned, we have the Doñana National Park and the Sierra de Aracena and Picos de Aroche National Parks, which are among the most important natural monuments in the province and in Andalusia. Speaking now of the gastronomic tourism, in this we found places like the County of Huelva and Doñana, that are typical in this place.
Finally, we find leisure and sports tourism, which can be summed up as hiking, climbing, water sports, golf, polo and horse riding.
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➢ Córdoba: In Cordoba the most important type of tourism is cultural, as we find very important and influential monuments such as the Cathedral Mosque of Cordoba, the Patios of Cordoba, the Alcazar of the Christian Kings and the Roman Temple. We also find nature tourism in the walks through the Sierra throughout the province and in the Periurban Park of Villares. Gastronomic tourism is present in Cordoba with a programme called "Gastronomic Cordoba", which is based on routes and gastronomic guides to be carried out in the city. Finally, in leisure and sports tourism we have activities such as "Cordobaviva", "Quivirocio", trails, golf, school farms and karting.
➢ Jaén:
In the province of Jaén we see cultural tourism in places and monuments such as the Castle of Santa Catalina, the Santa Iglesia Catedral de la Asunción de la Virgen, the Basílica Menor e Iglesia de San Ildefonso, and the Real Monasterio de Santo Domingo. Nature tourism in Jaén is the most important type of tourism, focusing on routes through the mountains, especially through the Sierra de Cazorla, Segura and Las Villas, and adventure sports. In the gastronomic tourism Jaén stands out for being the world capital of olive oil, although it also stands out for its tapas bars that can be found practically all over the province. 17
Finally, the tourism of leisure and sport are related to the tourism of nature since in this province they are the activities that more are practiced and almost the only ones that we find. Find out more here.
Webgraphy: https://www.faecta.coop/fileadmin/documentos/PDF_FAECTA/2_Recursos_turisticos.pdf
3) Factors that influence in the location according to the type of tourism in Andalusia All provinces have almost all types of tourism but we found some differences between them due to their location. Sun and beach tourism can only be found in coastal areas, in the provinces of Huelva, Cadiz, Malaga, Granada and Almeria. This type of tourism is only found in these provinces apart from having a beach, climatic factors that make this type of tourism possible. These factors are rain, water, light, temperature, relative humidity, air and wind.
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Speaking of the provinces in which we can find nature and sports tourism, as well as those of sun and beach tourism, to carry out the activities of that tourism we need other different factors, another type of environment and other infrastructures. The clear example is Sierra Nevada, which is special for being able to carry out ski activities and that for it needs special conditions. Therefore, these activities can only be carried out in provinces that meet these conditions.
Finally, gastronomic tourism is special in each province, as they do not eat the same in Cadiz as in the Sierra de Jaen. This aspect is also greatly influenced by climatic factors, whether there is a beach or not, and also whether it is a place where people usually hunt or not. For example, in coastal places the star dishes are fish and in mountain places are meats or soups.
In summary, each place and each province has its own tourist attractions, its own climatic factors and certain infrastructures that make there exist a certain type of tourism that cannot be found elsewhere. 19
4) Trends of the national tourism. Spaniards travel more, which means that spend more on travelling. Tourism represents 14'9% of the Spanish PIB.
Our favourite destinations depending on age: 72% of Spaniards over 45 will travel domestically, one in five will travel to Europe and 9% will choose long distance travel. In the 25-44 age bracket prefer Spanish beaches. 25 and under favoured the beaches of Portugal (27%) and Italy (36%). These young people choose United Kingdom (23%) when travelling to Europe. The main reason for travel is leisure (49'3%) followed by visits to relatives and friends (36'9%) and finally for business (8'6%) . A hotel is the prefered mode following by vacation rental. The main transport is by car following by plane, train and boat respectively.
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On other hand tourism sector has been marked by mergers, as well as acquisitions, total or partial, of several tourist companies by others of greater size. Main destinations actually are UK Germany, France, Holland, Belgium, USA, Argentina, Thailand, Italy, Morocco, Cuba and Japan. The emerging destination are Ireland, Serbia, Lithuania, Iceland, Greece, Brazil, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Namibia, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Myanmar, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Philippines. In Spain, the inbound tourism represents a total of 71'6 millions of foreign tourist. The connectivity is very important in this days for the tourism because when it comes to seeking inspiration to make a trip, as well as plan it, the internet stands as one of the main tools.
Some of the most important national tourism trends in 2019 are: ➢ Winter Resorts: It's looking to be a real winter wonderland in the world of travel for 2019, with more and more requests coming up for winter-themed escapes, such as skiing, snowboarding, mountain climbing and cozying up in resorts near snowy slopes in general. ( Sierra Nevada ) ➢ G r e e n t r a ve l : Refers to both 'ecotourism' and 'Sustainable Travel', more and more travelers getting behind the 'go green' initiative in every facet of theirs life, including travel. There is an increasing amount of requests for trips to wildlife refuges, national parks, and other natural areas outside of big cities. ( Río Verde, Sierra de Las Nieves Málaga)
➢ Small Town Travel: although Madrid and Barcelona won't be dying down in popularity any time soon, There is a quite a shift in most requested locations, particularly in the interest small, off the beaten path towns. ( Capileira Granada) 21
➢ Solo Travel: Travel is the best education, especially when learning independence and real-world survival skills. It is a trend for the most curious and restless, also the adventurous spirit is an important factor to enjoy this trend. (Camino de Santiago)
➢ Foodie tours: Food is always a good attraction, and in our city, for example, there are 'tapas routes' that any tourist should follow. Nowadays the gastronomic tourism is more and more important and this tendency is followed by many travellers.
➢ Scape tourism: They are short trips, lasting between 2 and 3 nights and are used to disconnect from work or daily life and take a break during the days off. The tendency is to spend little money and stay in Airbnb or tourist apartments. We think that this trend is the predominant one among Spaniards. With the economic crisis the population has been counting on less money but with the need to disconnect from daily problems and stress. This type of trips of escape allow to leave the routine spending little money and this is one of the attractions of this tourism, in addition to being short periods you do not need to lose days of work or to request vacations, simply you take advantage of your free days changing of airs. there are also many OTAs and apps that encourage this trend by creating weekend packages with offers and discounts.
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Webgraphy: https://www.euroaula.com/es/tendencias-turismo -2018https://www.hosteltur.com/126291_tendencias-destinos-marcaran-viajes-espanoles2018.html https://www.adventurestudenttravel.com/9-most-important-travel-trends-for-2019/ http://blogs.atrapalo.com/prensa/files/2018/01/Fitur-2018-Estudio-Atr%C3%A1palo-H %C3%A1bitos-y-Tendencias-del-turismo-2017.pdf
5) Trends of the international tourism.
Tourism has been in constant evolution since its emergence. Determined by demographic and social changes, such as brexit or ageing of the population, technological advances such as virtual reality or the evolution in payment methods, economic changes and changes in the needs of tourists, tourism adopts different trends that are changing due these factors. Here there are some of them: ➢ Last minute bookings: According to tourist surveys this trend is becoming more and more popular, for its commodity in addition to the last-minute offers offered by many OTAs and the ease of booking they give from anywhere with our smartphones. Sometimes it can present a problem for agencies and organizers as they do not have until the last moment with this type of customer, and therefore are not provided with enough staff and the experience can have a lower quality.
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➢ Multi-day tours: On the other hand, this type of tourism is booked in advance, the traveller prefers to have everything organized in advance and make sure that he will be able to enjoy all the activities with the best experience. It predominates especially in the cultural tourism because the tourist wants to know all the monuments and historical places of the chosen city and therefore to squeeze to the maximum the time.
➢ New destination and experiences: This trend is part of 'the transformative journey', as the traveller, in addition to knowing a place, seeks to find himself through new experiences. The curiosity to know new places and cultures is also a tendency since it is one of the reasons that make you want to travel.
➢ Ecological and educational tours: These are usually rare experiences that educate and share inside information on the area, and how to protect it for the future. Tours that use proceeds to fund ecological projects such as forest or animal habitat restoration are chosen above alternatives without a cause.
➢ Modern offerings for modern society: A major welcome change in travel trends is companies realising that not every family is made up of two parents, and not every tourist has someone to travel with. In addition, people are increasingly encouraged to travel alone.
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➢ Technology as a fundamental part: The wifi connection, the smartphone and social networks are key to this popular trend, not only among millenials, but in the tourist in general. Sharing your experience with the world and taking the best photos for your blogs are factors that influence the choice and the reason for the trip in a considerable number of cases around the world.
Webgraphy: https://www.trekksoft.com/en/blog/65-travel-tourism-statistics-for-2019 htps://www.trekksoft.com/en/blog/9-travel-trends-that-will-drive-the-tourism-industry-in-2019 https://www.hosteltur.com/126606_cinco-tendencias-marcaran-evolucion-turismo-2018.html https://theresortgroupplc.com/2018s-biggest-travel-tourism-trends/ https://www.aprendedeturismo.org/los-millennials-turistas/
6) Advantages and disadvantages of the tourist development of Cazorla. Sierras of Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park (JaĂŠn) It is a natural park in the eastern and northeastern of the province of Jaen, which was established like that in 1986. With an area of 2,099 square kilometers it is the largest protected area in Spain and the second largest in Europe. Besides it was declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1983 and also a Special Protection Area for migratory birds in 1988. The natural park is composed of municipalities of three comarcas of Jaen: The comarca of Sierra de Cazorla, the Comarca of Sierra de Segura and the Comarca of Las Villas. Given its large area, constitute 23 municipalities with more than 80.000 inhabitants, the level of protection varies from one part of the park to another, allowing a diversity of economic activity in the majority of the territory. Due to its beautiful countryside, its rich flora and fauna, and its great cultural heritage it is an important destination for tourism located in Andalusia. 25
The largest protected nature area in Spain
The park includes two high ranges, the Sierra de Cazorla and the Sierra de Segura. Between the mountain ranges are important valleys, including the headwaters of the Guadalquivir and the Segura River. Altitudes in the park range from 500 to the 2,107 metres above sea level.
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A natural park is a natural area which is little transformed by human activity because of the beauty of its landscapes, the representativeness of its ecosystems or the uniqueness of its flora, its fauna or its geomorphological formations, the use of ecological, aesthetic and educational values that it must to preserve. The declaration of a space as the Natural Park is made by Decree of the Government Council of the Junta de AndalucĂa. The richness of this area allows a variety of touristic activities, so we can find different types of tourism as rural, nature, ecotourism, action and adventure, cultural, gastronomic or accessible tourism. Even virtual tourism is offered from the official website of the Cazorla. (Click here to visit now) Therefore the tourism attractions of this location change according with the focus of the type of tourism offered. We can found since museums, monuments, local people beautiful landscapes, own fauna, typical dishes, until horses routes, cannoing or biking.
The advantages of the its touristic development ➢ The touristic activity that takes place in this area has contributed to preserve its valuable landscapes through a special regulation as the Natural Park category. Thanks to the money left by tourism in this location is possible to guarantee its conservation. Otherwise it would not be profitable to protect it. In the next map we can see all the areas with this category in Andalusia.
Natural Parks are preserved in their present state and promoted for tourism purposes
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➢ Tourism is an important economic activity that has a direct impact developing the wealth of the area. It is something that contributes to high the wellbeing of its population. At the same time to invest in better infrastructures and to improve the quality of the destination with a variety of suppliers companies. A better experience for the tourist appeals more tourists.
➢ Generate employment in this area of Andalusia, which improve the life of many people that can have a well paid job.
➢ The awareness of the environment, wildlife traditions. People learn about their world culture. Due to the tourism they can have experience in their life and learn about importance of take care of the nature.
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➢ The touristic activity appeals investments in education and investigation programs.
➢ The location spreads its wealth to other close areas. Generating local but also national business as suppliers, tour operators and travel agencies. 28
The disadvantages of the its touristic development ➢ The environmental damage because of pollution, forest fires or the rubbish that visitors can throw out. The massive tourism can ruin the beauty of its natural resources. Even if the visitors are quite responsible with the environment they have a visible impact in the nature.
➢ The preserve of this area can stay in second place if a touristic activity can be very profitable. So the wildlife and the landscape can be suffering terrible modifications. We can see that in the case of action tourism activities.
➢ To undermine the local traditions and culture so the daily life of local people changes due to the massive arrivals of foreign visitors. The own celebrations often can be adapted to the touristic expectative.
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➢ The experience of enjoy nature and the majesty of the landscapes are missing if many people are in the same place at the same time. Take a look to this video to understand it better. ➢ The creation of infrastructures as roads, hotels and so on changes the privileged views and the richness of the landscapes.
➢ High prices in this area due to the tourism activity; local people have to pay more due to many restaurants and shops are dedicated for the foreign visitors. ➢ Economic dependence on tourism activity. The incomes come mainly of the touristic industry. However the olive and mineral water are powerful markets in this location too. Summarize, we can say that the development of tourism have both positives and negatives effects in determinate area o localization, which often cannot be separated.
Webgraphy: https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazorla https://cazorla.es
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7) Factors that influence tourism demand.
The tourism demand is dependent on several factors that are common to all the countries. These can be termed as external factors or internal factors. The first one influencing the tourism demand and the main are: ➢ Economic scenario: The economic system has consequences in the touristic demand. The economic globalization leads to an increase of the travels. Globalization has made travel more affordable for many people today, due to the greater supply and competition and the reduction of flights costs. As a result of Globalization, new tourist emitting markets have also emerged, which have characteristics that are different from the traditional ones. New emerging companies from China, Russia, India or Brazil are generating new social networks.
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➢ Threats: Economic recession, terrorist attacks, the global warming, wars and so on. The presence or absence of threats influences also the tourism demand. For example, the next three types of threat are consequences of the global warming: ● Changes in the general weather conditions which affect the perception of the tourist, who decide to change their destination. This will result in a place that varies according to the year, so it creates instability of the demand. ● Drastic climate changes that alter the landscape and its attractiveness, which generate a loss of competitiveness in some tourism places, with the consequent impact on local employment levels. ● Greater frequency in the occurrence of natural disasters. It will affect the access roads to the tourist areas, the days of sale of tourist services, which will lower profitability. Fires, storms and seismic movements cause the interruption of activities at the time of occurrence and until the damage is repaired.
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Demographic changes: The demographic trends have a reflection on the tastes and needs of the tourism, so this is other factor that has a great impact too. For instance the populations of the traditional markets (The European, Japanese and North American) which have dominated tourism flux are aged so their needs and taste are different now. Another population group that is changing the sector is the millennial. This is the name given to young people born between 1981 and 1995, who have a different concept of traveling to their parents and who demand very different communication and services.
Also we can see the influencing of this factor with appearance of new family models in the last decade, whose needs are not the same of the traditional ones.
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➢ Government Policy /Regulation factors: Policies are crucial in understanding the national and international framework within which demand evolves for travel and tourism. Generally cover the following activities: create and establish linkages, people participation in tourism development, public and private sector partnership, role of the government in the promotion of the industry. ➢ Technology: It has played a vital role in spreading awareness about travel and tourism in the society. A major influence over the demand for travel and tourism is the increased reach of television and, more recently, the internet and social media, now very common to populations in all countries with developed and developing economies. Providing easy and instant access to information about international places and events. Moreover, the developments of the TIC´s (technology of Information and Communication) have allowed business growth prospects for both large and small business, virtual presence of the business on internet, direct marketing reducing the necessity of intermediaries. ➢ Other factors are also influencing the destination choice. The most important is the recommendations of friends and relatives, such as suggest the most recent results from TRAVELSAT, according to this survey four out of ten international visitors actually choose their destinations based on recommendation from their trusted inner circle. ➢ The information on the web, special offers, travel agency recommendations, geographically close destination, article in magazines, blogs, newspapers, and movies realized in the country or heard about in the TV news, they are all another strong factors which are influencing the tourism demand in nowadays. 8) How can we influence the factors that affect on the choice of Sierras of
Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park by the visitors? As the reviews about a destination have a powerful impact on the tourism demand it is so important to generate positive reviews and feedback from their current and future visitors. Therefore we have to focus on how to offer high quality experiences and increase the quality of services. Demographic changes generate new trends and needs so this location has to pay attention to this and adapt its offer to them. Such as is the case of the action and adventurous tourism, the ecotourism or even accessible tourism that we can found in this destination. 33
It is a location where the global warming would be a terrible threat. Besides, fires or other natural catastrophes can generate many damages. To avoid the risk of fire must to be promoted prohibitions and codes of good behavior. The denomination of Natural Park supposes that this area is protected and preserved thanks to a specific regulation of the government. Due to this category more visitors can be appealed. Also we can influence the demand with the implantation of dynamizers tourism Plans.
Moreover, the use of technologies contributes to better experiences. For example the virtual recreation of the remains of Santa Maria where the visitors can see how it was in the past thanks to the new technologies. You can see it here. Finally we can promote this beautiful location with a lot of information from the website, appealing advertisements on it, be active in the social networks, articles on magazines, TV news, and why not, realizing a movie or TV series in this great scenery. Webgraphy: https://www.aprendedeturismo.org/tendencias-turismo/ https://www.google.com/amp/s/claves21.com.ar/amenazas-cambio-climatico-turismoargentina/amp/ http://www.cazorla.es/bluescazorla06/
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