Tourism supply by Victoriaperez94

INDEX

1) The tourist market and its characteristics.

2) The tourism supply, elements and structures in Andalusia.

3) Tourist intermediation and distribution channels in Andalusia.

4) New distribution systems in the tourism industry supply in Andalusia

5) Types of tourist accommodation companies in Andalusia.

6) The differences between the tourist accommodation companies in Andalusia

7) Tourist means of transport.

8) The complementary offer, tourist catering companies and different services.

9) The tourist destination. Characteristics and tourist resources.

10) Economic importance of tourism for Ronda.

1) The tourist market and its characteristics As we have seen on previous occasions, the tourist market of Andalucia is very wide and varied, which offers us tourist alternatives of all kinds, such as rural tourism, sun and beach or action. The main characteristics of the touristic market of Andalucia are several. For example: - The touristic market of andalucia is a intangible product. This is so because it cannot be purchased as such, it cannot be stored or used at any other time, but is a service that can be -

enjoyed at a certain time and place. The ownership of tourtistic market is non-trasnferable. This means that the owner of the tourist market, in this case, Andalucia and its tourist attractions are owners of this market and cannot change it to other provinces or autonomous communities because what makes them special is unique in that place. Production and consumption are closely interrelated. That the production and consumption of services is stubbornly related means that in order for a service to be rendered, it must first be created, that is, it is created in order to be able to serve it. For example, in order to be able to give a tourist something to eat, it is first necessary to make the food, and if he does not want to eat then no food should be made. Tourism is an assembled product. Tourism product does not move. The tourist market of Andalucia cannot move because the elements, places and things that make it special are unique to each place that composes it. The demand of tourism product is very unstable. This is because there are not always the same people willing or with the same desire to go to one place or another, so it is said that it is unstable, you do not always have the same demand.

2) The tourism supply, elements and structures in Andalusia The tourist offer are all those services and products that we can find and of which we can make use in a concrete place. In Andalucia there are many services and tourist attractions that are unique to each place, and therefore have their own tourism focused on what it has to offer. Tourist elements also play a major role in the basic structure of the Andalusian tourist offer.

These elements are such as: Material resources: These material resources allude to the climate, the landscape and all the natural elements that Andalusia offers and that make it special and attractive for potential tourists. Cultural resources: Cultural resources are basically all those monuments, sculptures, museums, and, in general, tourist attractions of the place. For example, a natural resource would be the Alcazaba of Almeria.

Infrastrucutres: In terms of infrastructure, we must talk about the tourist accommodations that are offered, whether they are 3-star, 4-star or whatever. Also if they are hotels, hostels, houses of rent, etc. We should also talk about roads, airports and railway or bus stations. In short, the infrastructures are everything that makes the trip and the tourist's stay easier and more comfortable, and also determines a lot in the attraction of potential clients since if it is not easy to go to a place or there is no place to be comfortable there, the client will not go no matter how much the place attracts him.

Webgraphy: http://www.andalucia.org/es/profesional/segmentos-turisticos/

3) Tourism intermediation and distribution channels in Andalusia

A distribution channel is an operational structure, a system of relationships or various combinations of organizations through which a producer of tourist goods or services sells or confirms travel to buyers. So a distribution channel is the way that the tourism supply gets to the customer, and how they pay for it. The communication between the producer and the buyer can be done directly (call center, website, social networks) or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries (travel agencies and tour operators). The key roles played by distribution channels in tourism are: Information, promotion, contact and negotiation.

1.1â&#x20AC;&#x2039; D â&#x20AC;&#x2039; irect channels The main direct distribution channels used in the Andalusian tourism market are:

The company's website Airlines and hotels provide an email address and telephone contact through its own websites for direct sales to tourist, therefore avoiding intermediation. This also favors the creation of an effective communication channel with the client, which promotes the company, strengthens communication with the client, through the CRM tool (Customer Relationship Management)

The tourism products and services get to the customer directly. The direct online channels allow to the companies optimize margin and pricing. There are no commission requirements and the companies can keep 100% control over their brands and reviews.

Telephone (Reservation Center) Calls to a reservation center are usually made by customers through the toll-free service. This service usually is offered 24 hours.

City and Airports Offices The offices of a tourist company are a strong link between the client and the company. Personal contact strengthens the bonds of trust and even loyalty, since in the office the employee becomes a travel consultant who suggests schedules, flights attends extraordinary requests, shows and explains the services offered, solves problems and handles complaints.

The function of the company's offices is to offer its clients all the services provided by the company, consultations, ticketing, check-in, changes, tax, payments and information. The offices at the airport operate identically, can offer comfort and additional services, as well as longer opening hours and assist the customer in connection with his boarding at the air.

Stands In large events, such as fairs, exhibitions, congresses and conventions, the company sets up a stand to assist its clients with transportation facilities and to speed up changes of time or date of a booked flight, in addition to other services. The stand works in the same way as an office with the only difference being its transitory character. This distribution channel usually has a minimum cost for the company, since it is negotiating based on an air exchange or the organizers of the event provide a space for free due to the added value that the provision of this service has for the event.

1.2 Indirect channels In Andalusia, the majority of the tourism supply gets to the customer though of third-party distribution channels and they have a great control over the tourism market. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s know the more outstanding.

Travel Agencies A Travel Agency is a company associated with tourism, whose trade is the intermediation, organization and implementation of projects, plans and itineraries, development and sale of tourism products between its customers and certain travel providers, such as: carriers (airlines, cruises) accommodation services (hotels), with the aim of making tourism goods and services available to those who want and can use them. Therefore they are intermediaries who assist the tourist in the information, advice, itineraries, hiring of guides and reservations for the realization of a tour.

Tour Operators Companies dedicated to organizing tourist services. They usually combine tour and travel components to create packages holiday. They advertise and produce brochures to promote their products, holidays and itineraries. (Know the main resources of the tour operators hereâ&#x20AC;&#x2039;) LetÂ´s differentiate between Outbound and Inbound Tour Operator:

- Outbound tour operators (OTO): They typically work with international travelers and they often are specializing in a particular region of the world. They are good in order to attract travelers from up-and- coming international market segments. - Inbound tour operators (ITO): They are locally based, and they work to promote the destination as a whole to interested travellers. Often they work with other travel agents and distribution partners to create and promote packages. They are looking for the best of a destination so they help to increase the visibility of the companies within their destination.

Number of companies in the travel agency and tour operator sector in Spain in 2018, by Autonomous Community. Source: Statista 2019

Consolidators Agencies or Wholesalers The consolidators groups are a large volume of associates than make it easier for the Tour Operators or Travel Agencies to issue airline tickets, transfer preferential prices and carry out important training work for them. They operate as distributors, whose function is to buy in large quantities from airlines in order to resell to small travel agencies, which can be served by more than one consolidator, regardless of where they are located.

Government Website Destination-focused government websites are a good channel to leverage. Companies can promote their services and goods in the website of their destinations. Involve being on a list of suppliers but also destination management organizations are acting as a marketplace and selling local tours and activities on their own website. It is worth being a part of it.

VICs (Visitor Information Centres) They will organise accommodation, tour, and transport bookings for visitors. Because travelers often go to theses centres to seek information on what to do at a particular destination, companies contact with their locals VIC to partner with them. Some VICs donÂ´t ask for commission for bookings that they send to you, while others have a pricing structure to list on their site. Concierge services Concierges at hotels assist their guest with task that will help them get the most out of a destination. They recommend about reservations for restaurants, spas, transport, events, tours and others activities. So many companies drop off their brochures at nearby hotels to the staff can recommend them if a guest ask to.

The justification for the use of intermediaries is given for several reasons: optimize the sale force, greater efficiency to make products and services available in target markets and decrease in the number of contacts to carry out distribution operations.

Webgraphy: https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.entornoturistico.com/que-es-un-canal-de-distribucion-en-elturismo/amp/ https://www.rezdy.com/blog/differences-outbound-inbound-tour-operators/ https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencia_de_viajes https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_operator https://www.rezdy.com/blog/differences-outbound-inbound-tour-operators/ https://www.rezdy.com/blog/5-distribution-channels-every-tour-operator-should-harness/

4) New distribution systems in the tourism industry supply in Andalusia

From the 1990, thanks to the fact that the Internet has become an important tool in the tourist trade, several sites for consulting and selling tourism supply have emerged. They are very efficiency since customers are able to buy all the values of several tourist companies (hotels, airlines, restaurants) to a given destination on the same date, suggest places, hotels, stopovers, etc.

The online intermediaries in the tourism supply in Andalusia are: ●

OTAs (Online Travel Agencies)

The emergence of virtual travel agencies led to a process of reintermediation of the tourism market. They are online companies dedicated mainly to the sale of services within the travel and tourism sector. To buy hotel nights, flights, sightseeing tours, car rentals, in short, everything that someone may need during a trip. They are so important, to the extent that currently only 1% of tourists or travelers in the world do not use the internet to plan their trips. Expedia was the first OTA emerged in the world in 1996. This type of sites can be based on comments and criticisms of tourist destinations, hotels and restaurants such as Tripadvisor, the sale of flights and hotels as happens with despegar.com or the rental of houses and private apartments at really affordable prices as airbnb does. They can be a combination of several services. Booking, founded in 1996, is today the most widely used platform for booking hotel rooms worldwide. It is easy to use and eliminate the hassle of booking on the hotel website, as well as some of the difficulties of promoting and advertising. Hoteliers pay a commission for their hotel reservations made through the site. Most OTAs act as a social network where the user creates the content by contributing travel experiences, images and opinions of what they lived. There are other types of web portals that group different “online booking sites” with the intention of providing the user with the best price of hotels or flights, as is the case of the search webs: Kayak o r Trivago. In the same way Skyscanner is a travel aggregator website and travel metasearch of flights, accommodation and rent cars.

Because these channels are cheaper, less risky and lower maintenance costs, they pose a threat to GDS and traditional travel agents.

Online booking trends 2017 Source:trustyou.com

Google My Business The tourist companies list with Google and it allows them opening hours, phone number and directions on Google Search and Maps. It multiplies the chances of encouraging to potential customers to browse the website or books. It is considerate a direct channel of distribution of the supply, because there is no fees to pay.

Social media Be active in social networks. It is an effective way to reach new customers but not every social media channel will be success for a tourism company. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Pinterest or blogs, invest more on one of them or not depends on the strategy of the company. (How social networks can improve tourism, click â&#x20AC;&#x2039;hereâ&#x20AC;&#x2039;) Daily Deal Websites They are discounts websites where a tourism company can offer vouchers and coupons. It is a perfect channel for filling the capacity during slower periods. A daily deal site can boost awareness of the tourism

companies without spending a lot of money in marketing. It is also a good way to upsell by selling extras along with your deal. In conclusion, it should be noted that Internet will be continue to produce substantial changes in the tourist distribution channel of the tourism supply of Andalusia.

Webgraphy: https://www.hosteltur.com/60621_nuevos-canales-intermediacion.html https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.entornoturistico.com/que-son-las-ota/amp/ https://comofuncionahoy.com/booking/

5) Tourist accommodation companies in Andalusia The Law 13/2011, 23 December of Tourism of Andalusia (Know the law) distinguishes the following types of tourist accommodation: Hotel establishments, tourist apartments, properties for tourist use, campsites, rural houses and health resorts. Hotel establishments The hotel establishments are classified into following groups: Hotels. They are classified in the categories of five, four, three, two and one star. The qualifier “Great Luxury” will only be able to be used by the hotels classified in the category of five stars and declared with such character by the Department of Tourism of Sport when they meet exceptional conditions in their facilities, equipments and services. Hostels. They are classified in the categories of two and one star. Pensions. They are classified in a single category Hotels-apartments. They are classified in the categories of five, four, three, two and one stars.

The category will be set taking into account the quality of facilities and services, in accordance with the provisions of Decree 47/2004 on hotel establishments. (Click here to read the Decree) According to the location, these are classified in the modalities of beach, city, rural and road. Each establishment must display a nameplate at its main entrance showing the group, category and type. In addition, each hotel company may voluntarily choose to include its establishment in one of the specialties contemplated in the Decree. There are specialties necessarily linked to a modality as: a) Road: Motels b) Rural: “Albergues”, Nature

Mountain

But also, others specialties not necessarily linked to a modality: Sports, Family, Gastronomic, Congresses and Business, and Monuments.

Tourist apartments Those establishments destined to provide tourist accommodation services and which meet a series of requirements such as to be composed of a set of housing units that are marketed in common by the same owner. They can be apartments, villas, chalets, bungalows or similar properties. In addition the must be ready for immediate occupation and have the appropriate furniture and facilities for the conservation, preparation and consumption of food and beverages within each accommodation unit. They are regulated by Decree 194/2010 of 20 April establishing tourist apartments. In this sense, the physical or legal persons- owners or notthat allow consumers and users the occasional use or enjoyment of the apartments, in a habitual and professional manner, will be considered as operators of this type of accommodation. Moreover, this type of accommodation must be

recorded as such in the Andalusian Tourism Register and must have visible on the outside and identification plate according to its category: the initials AT (Apartamento TurĂstico), with the number of keys of which they are creditors, according to the services offered. Properties for tourist use on timeshare regime This type of accommodation is one that is located on residential land and is offered on a regular basis as a holiday rental. Therefore, those that are not qualified for use as a house or those that are rented for long periods (more than two months) will not receive this qualification. They must have an occupancy license which proves that the space can be habitable. Several conditions as windows, blinds, heating and air-conditioning systems, a first aid kit, and all rooms must be furnished and ready for use. The guest must have a number to call in case of any incident, as well as information on emergency services. They also must have all the information on the use of appliance and enough bed linen and household items. As well the house must have a cleaning service before and after the occupation. Campsites and Camping areas They are those establishments of tourism accommodation which occupying a space of land properly delimited, conditioned and equipped with facilities, provide a series of services and suitable place to make life outdoors using mobile shelters, tent or other analogous elements easily transportable or dismountable, at a price and for limited period of time, without in any case the stay can have the character of habitual residence or domicile. Percentage distribution of trips by type of accommodation Source: Institute of Statistics and Cartography of Andalusia

These establishments are classified into two groups: campsites and camping areas according to the recently Andalusian Decree 26/2018. For both modalities, a set of technical characteristics is collected regarding accesses, roads, enclosures, fixed installations for collective use, electricity, drinking water or hygienic equipment.

In the case of campsites, the new star rating consists of five categories, as opposed to the four in the previous regulation. The condition of accommodation for each category depends on the quality of the facilities and services available as the surface area and distances of the camping plots, as well as requirements in equipment such as reception, restaurant, bar, social club, games room, supermarket, laundry, sinks, hygienic facilities (toilets and showers) and sports or leisure areas, medical care services, surveillance, animation and correspondence, among others. This information must appear on a plaque placed next to the main entrance and in reception. They are classified according to their location: Beach, Rural, City and Road. Rural houses These are buildings located in rural areas which, due to their special characteristics of construction, location and typism, provide accommodation services with other complementary services.

These establishments are regulated by Decree 20/ 2002 of 29 January on Rural Tourism and Active Tourism. They are classified into: rural houses, hotel establishments and rural tourist apartments, rural tourist complexes.

The minimum services that will be provided in the rural tourist accommodations will be accommodation and cleaning of rooms and change of bed linen and bath at the entrance of new guests. The minimum services to be provided by the rural tourist complexes will be, in addition to those mentioned, the restoration with traditional gastronomy of the region where they are located. Bathing resorts These are health care centres that use mineral-medicinal waters, thermal treatments or other natural physical means for therapeutic purposes. These establishments will be subject to what is regulated in the law of tourism in everything related to the exercise of tourist activities in these facilities. Located in natural surroundings, in mountain area or near the beach, they are warm and welcoming, and have all kinds of services to make you feel at home. Each Spa has its own techniques, but the most common are steam baths, contrast shower, sauna, jets pool, thermal chairs and massages, among others.

Bath resorts in Spain Source: Balnearios de EspaĂąa

Webgraphy: http://www.aytojaen.es/portal/p_20_contenedor1.jsp?seccion=s_fdes_d4_v2.jsp&contenido=29 05&tipo=6&nivel=1400&layout=p_20_contenedor1.jsp&codResi=1&codMenu=206&codMenuPN =4&codMenuSN=100&codMenuTN=197 https://roomtorent.es/apartamento-turistico-en-andalucia/ http://www.gefinsol.com/diferencias-entre-apartamento-turistico-y-vivienda-de-uso-turistico/ http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/presidencia/portavoz/turismo/129084/junta/establece/nueva/cla sificacion/estrellas/campings/regula/areas/autocaravanas/andalucia http://www.aytojaen.es/portal/p_20_contenedor1.jsp?seccion=s_fdes_d4_v2.jsp&contenido=24 55&tipo=6&nivel=1400&layout=p_20_contenedor1.jsp&codResi=1&codMenu=206&codMenuPN =4&codMenuSN=100&codMenuTN=197 http://www.andalucia.org/es/salud-y-belleza/balnearios/

6 Which are the differences between the tourist accommodation companies in Andalusia? 6.1 Main differences between a hostel, hotel, pension and hotels-apartment and these with the other types of tourist accommodation companies. To start, a hotel is an establishment that occupies a group of buildings located in an independent enclosure, an entire building or an area of the same with total independence, in the latter case; it must have an entrance, elevators and exclusive staircases. A big difference from hostels is the fact that the hotels can only offer private rooms with or without bathroom, but these rooms are never shared. Hostels are basically hotel establishments that do not have the necessary requirements to be considered hotels. This type of lodging is located in one or several correlatives floors; it does not have to be entire buildings, which must be communicated between them by stairs or elevator of exclusive use for clients and personnel of the establishment. Another requirement is to have 10 rooms and minimum of 20 beds. With regard to the layout and type of rooms, hostels can offer both private and shared rooms, but according to the autonomous community normative all of the rooms must have toilets. Pensions, however may or not occupy part of a building and may have toilets or bathroom outside of the accommodation unit. Hotel-apartments are establishments that meet the minimum common requirements demanded to the hotel establishments but they also have adequate facilities for the conservation and consumption of food and beverages within each lodging unit. Except in any cases, must occupy all or an independent part of a building, or a group of buildings homogeneously, with their own entrance and, where appropriate, lifts and staircases for exclusive use.

Finally, Hotel establishment are different of the other types of accommodation because the accommodation unit is limited to a room or a room with toilet or bathroom inside, and the rest of services are outside, whereas other types offer a complete and equipped flat, apartment or house. In the case of campsites or camping is the land limited space with the purpose that the guest may do outdoor life.

6.2 Differences between tourist apartments and properties for tourist use on timeshare regime. Tourist apartments and tourist housing are often confusing concepts. Although in essence the basis service offered is the same: temporary accommodation for short seasons, with some substantial differences between the two. Tourist apartments are those accommodation units that are constitutes as companies and non-residential properties. On the other hand, properties for tourist use are registered as residential units and their ownership is individual.

Tourist apartments are integrated in blocks or buildings exclusively intended to provide temporary accommodation services. The same principle applies to complexes consisting of villas, townhouses or bungalows. All these complexes must have visible on the outside an identification plaque according to their category: the initial AT with the number of keys of which they are creditors, according to the services offered. Whereas properties for tourist use are isolated units within buildings, residential complexes or other spaces. It is totally possible that

these flats or houses have as neighbor people who do not show any interest in giving up the use of the house temporarily. Likewise, the tourist apartments assume the cleaning services of the stays, offering a minimum frequency of once a week. In the other one cleaning is almost always at the client's expense.

6.3 Rural houses and others types of rural accommodation. A rural house is considered a business activity meanwhile the activity of tourist housing of rural accommodation is, despite also having an economic character, simply a private activity of exploitation of real estate. The properties of rural accommodation may be offered to the public, for temporary or occasional use, for tourist purposes one or more times throughout the year, without in any case the provision of the service exceeding, as a whole, three month a year. On the other hand, rural houses are different to rural hotels, which it come to hotel establishment accommodations located in rural areas. Also we found rural tourism apartments that have the characteristic of the tourist apartments but others as to be properly integrated in the natural and cultural environment and to bring together the characteristic of the architectural typology of the region in which they are located.

6.4 Bathing resorts and accommodations with Spa specialty. As far as bathing resorts are concerned, the main characteristic is that they are mineral medicinal waters that come out of the earth. This means that they can only be built in certain places where it is possible to extract the water. They are waters with curative properties and declared of

public utility for these purposes by the Spanish govern. Also it is obligatory that there are medical personnel who endorse the treatments. In Spa hotel normal water is used so they can be built anywhere and are focused on relaxing or beauty treatments. The water may contain additives such as salts or oils and its temperature and pressure on the body is regulated. Therefore, we can find from rural hotels with a small spa to very large hotels with large and complete facilities in Andalusia. Then, bathing resorts are different of other types of accommodation with specialty of Spa.

Average stay per type of accomodation Source: Institute of Statistics and Cartography of Andalusia

Webgraphy https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/boja/2004/42/2 https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/boja/2011/255/1 https://www.google.com/amp/s/lacabezallena.com/social/hotel-pension-hostal-y-tal/%3famp_ma rkup=1 https://blog.centraldereservas.com/que-diferencias-hay-entre-hoteles-hostales-apartamentos-yaparthoteles/

http://www.gefinsol.com/diferencias-entre-apartamento-turistico-y-vivienda-de-uso-turistico/ http://www.crececon.andaluciaemprende.es/principales-diferencias-entre-casa-rural-basica-y-vi viendas-turisticas-de-alojamiento-rural/ https://lugaresyhoteles.es/diferencia-spa-balneario-talasoterapia/ https://lugaresyhoteles.es/clasificacion-hoteles-por-estrellas/

7. Tourist means of transportation. Transportation links tourists with various tourist attractions, this needs for tourism promotion and tourism development among others, to be maintenance of the existing roads, construction of more roads/rail track/sea and air transportation, and construction of local airport and enhancement of local flight operator. The development of transportation, infrastructure and using new technologies in this sector speed up for the development of tourism. Transportation can turn into a separate tourist attraction elements; cruising, Orient express trains, boat trips along the river and etc. are the best examples to tourist attractions. The main factors in choosing the transportation are:

Time limit Distance Status Comfort Security Benefit Price Geographical position Competition

Is very important choose a good means of transport because can influence directing to the travel. Some of the negative effects are: congestions, that means waste of time and energy; the responsibility of the safety and security can be reduced by the passenger; and the environment can result damaged by the pollution.

Types of transportation and services:

Land transportation: in short distances automobile comes forward in regard to other modes of transportation. For example bus or cars with or without driver. One service linked to land transportation is the cars rental, are companies located mainly in airports, bus and train stations that offer car rentals to tourists.

Air transportation: although it is the most expensive medium,nowadays is the most important type of transportation in the world, there is a lot of companies that opening in Andalusia, for example vueling, iberia, air europa or ryanair. The service that offer is the publicity in their trips and TV spots about different destinations.

- Railway transportation, the oldest one. In Granada specifically there is a tourist train that serves to visit the city, although not on tracks is recognized as a train and is very popular in the city, is a service offered.

Sea transportation, for example cruise travel, boat travel, ferry travel. Is one of the most expensive one. For example, ferries are not only used to transport passengers, they also offer the service of transporting vehicles, for example your car. Cruises also offer various services as they serve the function of hotel and transport.

Types of transport mens in Andalusia: Airports. Andalusia has 6 airports, of which 5 are international. The 63% of the total passengers of the community are focused in the airport of Malaga.

Ports: In passenger transport, the ports of BahĂa de Algeciras, AlmerĂa and MĂĄlaga are the most important. In terms of cruise passenger transport, the port of Malaga is noteworthy with 659123 and the port of Cadiz with 334162.

Road network: The main axes have largely become dual carriageway, so Andalusia has a good supply of Southern Dual Carriageway. The main access to Andalusia from the interior is the (A-4), which goes from Madrid to Cadiz by Despeñaperros. This dual carriageway passes through Bailén from where the A-44 starts to Jaén, Granada and Motril; through Córdoba, where the A-45 starts to Antequera and Málaga, and through Seville, before ending in Cádiz. The other major transverse axis is the Mediterranean Motorway (A-7) that links Algeciras with Barcelona, passing, among other towns, through Málaga Almería.

Railway: The network is still based on tracks built in the nineteenth century, centralized in Seville and Madrid.

Webgraphy. http://estadisticas.tourspain.es/img-iet/Revistas/RET-29-1971-pag103-117-42018.pdf https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporte_en_Andaluc%C3%ADa

8. The complementary offer, tourist catering companies and different services.

The complementary offer can be defined as the set of tourist attractions focused on satisfying the needs of the consumer, in this case the tourist. They are all those bars, theaters, sports facilities or restaurants focused on promoting tourism spending. In Andalusia we have a large complementary offer as a result of our famous gastronomy and the good existing climate.

1. Sports offers: â&#x20AC;&#x2039;Andalusia is a privileged destination for the practice of all types of sports. The magnificent climatic conditions and the quality of the sports facilities, make the Andalusian region is chosen as the preferred place for the celebration of activities and sporting events. For example golf is good option, we show a map with the golf courses in Andalusia.

2. Natural parks: Andalusia is the Spanish autonomous community with the most protected natural spaces, each of which shines with its own light. Places as emblematic as the National Parks of Doñana and Sierra Nevada in Granada, declared "Biosphere Reserve"; the Natural Park of Cabo de Gata in Almería or Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas, the second largest natural park in Europe, the Sierra de Grazalema in Cadiz,... make this land enjoy a charm of its own. 3. Theme parks: The diversity of factors that favour the presence of leisure parks in our region makes it possible for you to have a great variety of them, adjusting them to your tastes and those of yours. Some of the most famous parks in Andalusia are Aquaola in Granada, Isla Mágica in Sevilla, Bioparc in Málaga…

4. Gastronomic offer: The Mediterranean diet is in fashion. Basic products such as fresh vegetables and pulses, fruit, fish and virgin olive oil have made Andalusian cuisine a major attraction. Andalusian cuisine centres on fresh, local ingredients, with fish dishes available in coastal provinces and the finest meat dishes inland. A huge variety of fruit is to be found throughout. Perhaps the only difference is the personal touch that each town and village gives to its typical dishes. Andalusia’s gastronomy is a faithful reflection of its history, packed with aromas, flavours and colours . It is a highly varied cuisine and its traditional products make it different and delicious. The gastronomy of Andalusia owes much to the Moorish cuisine of Al-Andalus. Its refinement came to transform many customs. Some of the most awarded restaurants are Acánthum ( Hueva ), Messina ( Málaga ), Bardal (Ronda), El Lago ( Marbella), Noor ( Córdoba ). And we cannot forget the numerous tapas bars located in Granada, such as Los Manueles or Las Bodegas Castañeda.

webgraphy: https://rincondeluniversitario.blogspot.com/2009/12/ofertas-turisticas-complementarias.html http://www.andalucia.org/en/deals/ https://www.patentes-y-marcas.com/marca/ociotur-andalucia-feria-de-parques-de-ocio-y-oferta-t uristica-complementaria-m3540934

9) The tourist destination. Characteristics and tourist resources. The destination is the place or geographical space where a visitor or a tourist stops either for a night or for a period of time, or the terminal point of a tourist’s holiday, whether they are travelling for tourism or business purposes. The place or terminal point can be a country, a region, an area or a town and is an attraction where tourists can spend most of their time. The destination represents the catalyst link that unites, maintains and drives all sectors of the tourism industry, namely transport, accommodation, food and entertainment, being a complex and specific item for tourism. The tourism potential is determined by the sum of all resources (natural, human, cultural, historical, infrastructure) which, in turn constitutes a destination’s tourist offer.

Webgraphy: https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/JEERBE/2016/143495/143495.pdf

RONDA

The Municipality of Ronda is located in the northwest of the province of Malaga, and it is the capital of the region of the Serranía de Ronda. In 2017 it had 34,268 inhabitants and has an area of 397.62 km². Ronda has its origin in the Roman Arunda that was constituted from existing Iberian settlements. The Visigoths continued until the arrival of the Muslims. Its location facilitated the defense of the city and put it in a strategic position to dominate the steps and roads to Lower Andalusia. This and the availability of land suitable for agriculture finally gave it a remarkable historical importance. The city sits on a plateau cut by a deep gorge excavated by the River Guadalevín, to which the buildings of its historic centre look out, which gives the city a picturesque panoramic view which, together with the variety of monuments it has, its natural environment and its proximity to the great mass tourism centres of the Costa del Sol, has turned Ronda into a remarkable tourist centre. Click here if you want to know more about Ronda.

Ronda has a wide range of tourist attractions, from historic monuments of different history period and museums, to natural spaces. The New Bridge, together with the Bullring of the Royal Cavalry of Ronda, are the symbol and soul of the city. This masterpiece of 98 meters high, allowed the connection of the modern neighborhood or Mercadillo with the old neighborhood of the city and made possible the urban expansion of the city. From its balconies, the views of the houses hanging over the edge of the cliff are spectacular. This majestic monument contains in its interior a modern concept of Interpretation Centre, about this great 18th century engineering work and about the different aspects of its environment: fauna, vegetation, geological, urbanistic, historical, etc.

The Arab baths of Ronda are the best preserved in Spain. They were built at the end of the 13th century during the reign of King Abomelik. The boiler used to heat the water is still visible and is kept in good condition. The star-shaped ceiling ventilation grilles were modelled following the baths of the Alhambra in Granada. The baths are located in the old Arab quarter of the city, known as the San Miguel quarter.

The Mondragón Palace holds the municipal museum and some truly exceptional gardens. Built in 1314 by King Abomelik, it was later used as the main residence of the kings Isabella and Ferdinand. The museum is dedicated to the history of Ronda, with examples of Roman and Arab tombs. The gardens are a haven of tranquillity.

The Palace of the Moorish King and La Mina dates back to the 18th century, although it has frequently been restructured as a result of successive changes of ownership. The gardens give access to La Mina, a staircase with 231 steps leading to a river. For centuries, La Mina was the only source of water in the city and it was the slaves who carried the water.

In the course of the ages, Ronda has been one of the most impregnable cities in Andalusia. Mainly due to its geographical position, but also due to a series of walled complexes and accesses built by the Arabs throughout the Islamic era. As the city grew, more walls and gates were built. Today, they offer a unique insight into Ronda's past.

The “Mirador de Aldehuela” is one of the most popular viewpoints in the city. The views of the gorge, the “Puente Nuevo” and the surrounding countryside are spectacular.

Twenty kilometres outside Ronda are the ruins of the old Roman settlement of Acinipo. There is a large theatre dating from the 1st century AD. The name 'Acinipo' means the 'city of wine', and it was one of the few cities in the Roman Empire that exported wine to Rome.

La Pileta cave was declared a National Monument in 1924. It contains an important group of cave paintings of goats, horses, cervids, bovids, etc. This cave, as well as being a habitat for prehistoric man, was a burial place, as demonstrated by the discovery of human remains in different areas of the cave. In summary, this is the most important cave with cave paintings in Andalusia. The â&#x20AC;&#x2039;Natural Monument "Cueva del Gato" is formed by the cavern and the cavity that leads out to the waters of the river Guadares. Located in the municipality of BenaojĂĄn, a few kilometres from Ronda and in the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park, it offers great scenic value, both for its natural and cultural components.

These are some of the most representative tourist resources of Ronda, although we can find many more. If you are interested in knowing more about the monuments of Ronda and other activities of interest â&#x20AC;&#x2039;click here. As we can see, Ronda offers a multitude of tourist possibilities to the visitors, thanks to its historical heritage, with Muslim and Christian monuments and even Roman ruins and prehistoric caves. All this together with its proximity to the Sierra de Grazalema and the Sierra de las Nieves, where the tourist can perform a variety of activities related to ecotourism, adventure tourism, etc, make Ronda one of the most complete tourist destinations in Andalusia. Webgraphy: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronda https://www.vacaciones-espana.es/Ronda/articulos/las-10-cosas-que-no-te-puedes-perder-de-r onda http://www.andalucia.org/es/destinos/provincias/malaga/municipios/ronda/recurso/naturearea/ https://es.slideshare.net/shanti82/anlisis-turstico-serrana-de-ronda-2011

10) Economic importance of tourism for Ronda.

Malaga is the Andalusian province that receives the most tourists. Although the Costa del Sol is the area that attracts more tourists, Ronda benefits from it thanks to the curiosity of tourists to discover this city full of history and culture. Thanks to the excellent infrastructure of Malaga, with an international airport and an important harbour, makes possible the arrival of many tourists, who later, thanks to trains, buses and roads, enable the arrival of tourists to Ronda. As we can see in the graph, Ronda is the most visited city in the hinterland of Malaga by tourists who spend the night in Malaga city.

The National Institute of Statistics reports that during 2018 more than 250,000 travelers arrived and stayed overnight in Ronda. However, Ronda receives an average of 1.4 million visits per year, which means that most of its visitors don’t spend the night in the city. They usually spend between four and eight hours in the city and generate an economic movement of about 30 million euros. Overnight tourists are the main source of income, generating an economic flow of 100 million euros. The average expenditure of each tourist who arrives in the city is around 90 euros per day. In terms of the number of accommodation establishments, according to the INE, there are 40 in Ronda, with a total of 1927 accommodation places at present.

The city of Ronda depends heavily on tourism, as 39.6% of the active population is dedicated to the service sector. Like Malaga capital, employment in Ronda is also conditioned by seasonality, which causes employment to fall in low season and rise in high season. These are the data for 2018:

Therefore, the â&#x20AC;&#x2039;economic impact of tourism in Ronda is very important, as it generates employment, and tourists bring money to spend in the city, in its monuments, restaurants and other services, so that not only the service sector benefits, but that the farmers in the area who provide products to the city also see tourism as something positive like transport companies, shops, and so on. Thanks to tourism it has also encouraged the improvement of roads, new tourist accommodations have been built, restoration work has been carried out on its monuments, etc, which has also generated employment, and makes possible for more and more tourists to come too. In conclusion, the tourism is a fundamental pillar for the economy of Ronda, however, it is necessary to continue working to foment that the tourists spend the night in the city, since these generate greater income, and not just that they travel to Ronda a few hours . To this end, it would be advisable to increase the advertising campaigns of the city and offer complete packages of visits, several days long, with a variety of activities, to be attractive to tourists and stimulate their overnight stay in the city.

Webgraphy: http://www.ayuntamientoronda.es/actualidad/aumento-turistas-2018 https://www.hosteltur.com/12764_espana-ciudad-malaguena-ronda-recibe-media-14-millones-vi sitantes-anuales.html http://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=2076&L=0