Interior Design Hostel Capstone Research

interior design

capstone

youth hostel - research and development

To my parents I’m happy to say that this book would never be here without the education you provided for me. This book is one piece of the final product - keep an eye out for one more semester of late night freak outs. You keep me young, love you long time.

DEDICATION:

To my teachers + advisors It takes focus to teach an unfocused young adult. Thank you for your tireless efforts to teach me with patience.

To coffee, You are the Whitney Houston to my Bobby Brown. Bad for me, but I would be lost without you - and I will always love you.

contents:

1.0

Introduction

6 - 13

2.0

historiography

14 - 23

3.1

Case Study 1 : yotel

24 - 33

3.2

Case Study 2 : HUAIKHUANG HOSTEL

34 - 43

3.3

Case study 3 : St. Christopher’s

44 - 53

3.4

Case study 4 : Generator Hostel

54 - 65

4.0

Design + Technical Criteria

66 - 73

5.0

Topical Explorations

-

6.0

Existing Site, Context, + Zoning

-

7.0

Program Development

-

8.0

BUILDING CODES + STANDARDS

-

9.0

SUMMARY + CONCLUSION

-

10.0

resources

112 - 131

1.0

Introduction

1.a - Sagrada Familia - Barcelona, Spain

“I like thinking big. I always have. To me it’s very simple: if you’re going to be thinking anyway, you might as well think big” - REM KOOLHAAS

Do you remember the last time you travelled?

Picture seeing the sights like the Sagrada Familia, Big Ben, and the Roman Coliseum. Picture the delicious smells of the local cuisine you tried: the pasta from Italy, the lobster from Maine, and the fish and chips from England. Can you remember the excitement of discovering a new place and a new experience? Imagine being able to see and feel these experiences over and over again in your own country. Imagine choosing a city, and feeling as though you could jet off with friends and make new memories.

In his book S, M, L, XL, Rem Koolhaas stated, “I like thinking big. I always have. To me its very simple: if you’re going to be thinking anyway, you might as well think big”. 1 In context, Koolhaas was commenting on his personal designs and future endeavors in architecture. But, in relation to the rest of the world outside of architecture, there is an open-ended question: why not live your lives to the fullest? Live largely; don’t stop at the beginning. Keep going; keep thinking.

Keep moving to the next travel location. Keep meeting new people. Keep exploring.

In the United States, there is a void in the hospitality industry. There is a lack of resources for young adults on a budget to go and explore their own country - and for foreigners to find a cost efficient place to stay. In America, there are minimum opportunities to easily travel to a new city, find a hotel that easily accommodates

Roman coliseum - 1.b London eye and big ben - 1.c

1.d - city of philadelphia from temple campus

The Objective: a large group, and learn and explore the city in a stress-free manner.

In Europe, hostels are prevalent and are seen and understood as a resource of travel. Hostels in Europe, and typically the people that stay in them, are often open-minded to the travelling lifestyle and the process of meeting strangers and making new acquaintances.

The goal of this project is to change the outlook of American hostels by making the space feel vibrant, clean, cost

view independence visitor center - 1.e

efficient, and feel like a community to those who are staying and enjoying their time in the city.

The goal is to make this hostel the first choice for both students and young adults visiting Philadelphia - possibly the entire reason that inspired the trip.

The objective is to actively promote the social interaction of strangers to make connections. New relationships will promote even more travelling, exploring, and social interaction that will make it possible for the hostel movement to expand.

The Designer: Through research, the designer will investigate human interaction and how a designer can influence and encourage a comfortable environment to create conversation and social activity. The designer will also review numerous case studies of existing youth hostels from around the globe, to determine which are meeting similar goals and which are successful and why.

The designer will also collect information through numerous resources and advisors from the hospitality industry.

The designer’s purpose is to collect the appropriate materials and research to create a suitable design program that will both improve the quality of the space, and leave room for future exploration.

sustainability: Another purpose of the designer is to encourage and devise sustainability systems throughout the space that will enhance the future of the building, the internal environment, and the environment of the neighborhood and city where it resides.

Sustainability can assist in solving the current problems so many hospitality spaces obtain like indoor air pollution, noise pollution, and off-gassing to name a few; all while helping the greater community and the longevity of the building.

The client: The client is an entrepreneur that is looking to go nationwide with these hostels. They are hoping to change the face of hostels and the hospitality business through this new business. The clients want to fill the void that has

been ignored inside the United States and promote a new kind of travelling lifestyle that allows the youth of America and abroad to interact and create ties. This owner and entrepreneur wants the hostel to feel modern and up to date, but still feel comfortable and like home - a safe space and a fun environment to meet new people.

The user: The client is also gearing this hostel towards young adults, ages eighteen to thirty years. The client believes that people around this age can easily

Love park Phiiladelphia - 1. H

bond and are looking for similar things: new experiences with new people that are similar to their age.

These guests will be on tight budgets due to their young lifestyle, so the hostel’s owner and business manager want to promote an in house restaurant and bar that will have food and drink specials that are easily assessable to the guests and the public. The space needs to be accessible to all with disabilities and provide an easy stroll to sites and public transportation.

The place: 1.f - View of Philadelphia City Hall 1.G - Philadelphia Museum of art

// page 08 //

Philadelphia is the starter city for this chain of hostels due to the cities potential for growth.

The City of Brotherly love has numerous neighborhoods within the metropolis that offer different eating, shopping, nightlife, and tourist opportunities.

Within the city there are the historic neighborhoods that feature homes from the 1700’s, and there are modern neighborhoods with completely modern design. There are sites such as Love Park, The Philadelphia Art Museum, the Rocky Statue, Independence Hall, and The Liberty Bell.

Plus, there are local institutions like Reading Terminal Market and Pat + Geno’s, where a visitor can go for their rival cheese steaks. There are also multiple sports teams to support while visiting the city during all seasons. Philadelphia is also currently growing in the job market due to the rise of the second Comcast building, and it actively participating in an urban sprawl that is

allowing numerous new renovated neighborhoods to become introduced into the sudden rise of urban life.

Human Behavior: Human behavior considerations will play a large role in the design of this hostel. Any place that is dealing with a large quantity of people in a smaller space has to put high importance on how the person is feeling in an environment.

Is there enough airflow? What is the relationship between electronic and human communication? How can the user make their space feel like home? Does the user feel safe? Are their belongings safe? What is the noise pollution in the space and how can it be eliminated? What is promoting conversation between individuals? Can users become comfortable in the lounge to stay for long periods of time to create new relationships? Do the workers have enough storage for their belongings and work supplies and files? Do the workers feel comfortable at work? What kind of setting will help them work more efficiently and with a happier attitude?

These questions are key to the workers and guests of the hostel to create an inviting atmosphere; an atmosphere that will not be detrimental to the workers and will allow the guests to have a relaxed and safe place to stay. These are all questions that will be addressed through research and development of the project through review of case studies and human behavior analysis.

Conclusion: So, when you think of hostels, think big. Think of the adventure.

Think of the excitement. Think of a new way to live your life through travel. See the country; see something new. Become inspired and see it through to your next travelling destination: Philadelphia, The City of Brotherly Love.

// page 09 //

2.0

Historiography

Hilton chain hotel - 2.c

HOSPITALITY HISTORY

2.A - Typical Marriot double sized suite 2.b - typical hyatt double sized suite

// page 14 //

There are currently over 15 million hotel rooms across the world, 5.6 million of those are in the United States.

These accommodations account for 600 million travelers a year. With all of these different establishments across the world, there is a united front with large chain hotels, the streamlined hotel design has become the norm and there is less emphasis on updating the professional design of the space and focusing on the customer.

These travelers stay in hotels owned by large corporations, hotels with trusted names, such as Holiday Inn, Marriot, and Hilton. There is no distinction between one and the other. How did hospitality become more about the efficiency and less about the customer?

What can we do to fill this void in the industry? What are people looking for in the hospitality market?

The hospitality industry began from a simple concept: serve the people. It began by allowing family and friends to stay at ones house, and it spiraled into the large scale industry it is today.

Some of the first ‘hotels’ are the early brothels of Pompeii and the Roman Empire, where you could pay to stay with a woman or you could even pay to stay alone for a few hours of rest.

During this period, there was also growth of culture all over the world. There were advancements in religion, science, fashion, and technology. Another advancement was in personal hygiene with the influence of Roman hot spring resorts throughout Europe. Bath in Somerset, England is a prime example of the large influence the hospitality industry had during this time. Bath was one of the most popular destination places for those who could afford, and was the beginning of the hospitality movement in which there was travel for pleasure.

The next hospitality movement came in the 1100’s with the rise of trade on a large scale between towns, countries, and nations across the world. Because of this trade, roads that were once poorly maintained, now were lined in stone, and ports that once had no docks for ships, now had offered docks and much more. Towns popped up along trade routes, businesses grew, and in the hospitality industry, there became a new form of accommodation: the inn.

These inns were crucial to society

// page 15 //

2.d - Luxury suite - The Three Kings

in the fact that they were the defining point of the current social structure during that period. They were only for those who could afford to stay, the aristocracy and royalty. Being financially able to stay in an inn showed you political and social prowess to the masses. It meant that you could afford a lifestyle of travel and leisure, or at the very least, were on political business for the state and were being served by those is social classes below you.

With the creation of various forms of transportation and roadways, both upper and lower classes had access to travel.

Typically, the lower class was travelling due to religious activity, trading, and their // page 16 //

2.e - Restaurant - the three kings

occupation, such as farming. The lower classes also were the drivers of their own cart or would journey with others in the same position.

Whereas, the wealthy were travelling for pleasure or for politics, and paid a peasant to drive their carriage. While staying in these accommodations, there was more segregation between the classes. Royals would eat alone in their rooms, unless for a formal function, so that no more servants than necessary would need to be in their vicinity, while the rest of the aristocracy would eat in the public restaurant.

The most notable hospitality industry opening during this period of growth is Les Trois Rois, also known as The Three Kings Inn, located along a prime trading route on the Rhine River in Basel, Switzerland as the epitome of upper class aristocracy accommodations.

It was, and still is, a prime example of the importance of social status and its effect on travel and leisure.

This inn was unique because it was an inn for all types, it begun when the trading route was being initiated, so with small movement through the town the prices were low and many could afford the lodging.

After the boom in economy from the rise in trade, The Three Kings raised prices and

queen suite - the three kings inn - 2. g

2.f - Main atrium - the three kings

THE THREE KINGS INN began renovating the inn to better serve the aristocracy and royalty. In 1841, the original inn is torn down and a new façade is erected with 101 new suites, designed

by Swiss architect Amadeus Merian. The general layout of the inn stayed the same.

The main circulation throughout the space was centered on a main, grand staircase that wrapped around a large atrium (seen in the picture above), the public areas were all located on the first and second floors with private rooms and lounges on the top levels. The style of the building is a mix of both traditional neo-classism and more

contemporary art-deco styles. Each of the 101 rooms are designed and decorated differently with a mix of sizes and styles to meet the various needs of the visitor.

Through the years, these unique changes have created a lifestyle for their customers and made a statement throughout the hospitality industry. They currently focus on their saying “At Les Trois Rois everyone lives this tradition�.

The tradition still creating an atmosphere of aristocracy and rigid social structure.

Although, from a design and decorating

perception, they are creating a space that is for the customer and focused on the quality of their hospitality business.

The uniqueness of having each room have different design attributes allows for anyone with multiple interests to find their tastes at The Three Kings Inn, but the lack of economic social class diversity and of the accommodation suggests otherwise.

Guests of the inn have included Napoleon Bonaparte, Pablo Picasso, Queen Elizabeth, the First and Second, and more recently, The Rolling Stones. 2 // page 17 //

3.20 - View of bar + acoustical ceiling elements 2.h - Richard Schirmann - 1920

Hostel Creation In 1909, a German born youth educator, Richard Schirmann started began a concept of travel as an education tool. This tool required his class to take trips all across the German countryside to see the nation in which they were raised.

Schirmann’s purpose was to instill a sense of nationalism and pride in Germany with the students and to teach them the importance of travel by working together as a team with their fellow classmates. Another goal of Schirrmann’s was to get the students away from the industrial city they live in, to put physical activity alongside with learning to create a relaxed educational environment that will enhance the lives of his students. These trips often happened during the summer when schools were closed, so Schirrmann and his class would push aside desks and roll out mats and stay for a weekend.

From the inspirational mind of Richard Schirmann and the positive effect upon his students, the idea for the modern hostel was then born.

Schirmann wanted to set his personal standards

// page 18 //

Burg altena - world’s f irst hostel- 2.i

for this hostel concept before he initiated a permanent place of business. His standards for hostels were inexpensive lodgings catering to the youth of Germany in rural locations as a way to educate young students and to promote physical activity as well as a way to see their country.

The hostels catered to both sexes are located at places affording ready access to points of interest to cities, historical sites, scenic places, outdoor recreational centers.

The hostels would ideally be run by married couples or persons that supported the cause of education of youth and the concept of a “wandering education”. The owners of

the hostel would not accept payment, only the labor and friendship of the youth that were visiting. The students would work together to create meals, clean, and do normal household chores that would bond them to the new people they have just met, or to the group they arrived with.

This was the ultimate goal of hostels for Schirrmann, to create everlasting connections, positive relationships between the youth Germany, Europe, and throughout the world can further the peace and understanding among people of different religions, social standings, races, and political beliefs.

Educators and researchers from The Journal of Educational Sociology believed that “firsthand experience or activity, excursions, group planning, problem solving, self-expression, creativeness, and responsibility” we all character traits students would learn from these hostel experiences and would provide more of an education than books could do.

In 1912, Richard Schirrmann opened the first youth hostel, the Burg Altena Hostel in Altena, Germany. The hostel was situated on top of the hill of this small town in Western Germany. // page 19 //

2.j - The Smiths - Owners of the f irst American Hostel

Politics

// page 20 //

Baldur von schirach - nazi youth reich leader - 2.k

2.l - Burg altena castle courtyard

The Hostel movement

// page 21 //

CASE STUDY 1

3.1

YOTEL NYC visited August 2014

3.1.a - MIIMA BUILDING THAT HOUSES YOTEL, NYC

THE BUSINESS Located on West 42nd Street and 10th Avenue, sits the new flagship hotel for Yotel, the new modern efficiency hotel.

The company was founded by Yo! Sushi owner, Simon Woodroffe in 2008 as a short term Japanese pod hotel, located in major airports with a focus on clients that are between flights and looking for rest.

evolved from the sleeping pods with simple beds, nightstands, and electronic charging stations they once were in airports to four size accommodation options with various amenities, multiple restaurants, and nightlife options.

The IFA Hotels and Resorts Company merged with Woodroffe and business boomed because of the unique idea. When the team heard of the newly design MiMa development in the heart of Midtown, New York City [figure 3.1.A], they collaborated once again with design firm Softroom, headed by Oliver Salway, and Rockwell Group, out of London and New York respectively.

The clients of Yotel are travelers, businessmen and women, and lovers of great design. Yotel also does a large business with people coming for dinner, drinks, and nightlife. They have a direct elevator from the Signature Theater that is located on one of the buildings lower levels.

The MiMa development, also known as Times Square West, is a 1.2 Million square foot LEED Silver Certified building, which resides upon an entire block of Manhattan. The building also includes the famous; Frank Gehry designed Signature Theater Company.

Yotel itself is 230,000 square feet, cost 315 Million dollars and four years to build, and has a total of 23 levels.

One of the towers is dedicated to Yotel, nineteen of the twenty-three levels are for guestrooms, two levels for service areas, and two levels for public space for both customers and visitors of the building alike. The guestrooms in the hotel have

Yotel’s business concept is “affordable luxury” the overall vision of the design was to “create technologically sophisticated and vibrant spaces that can be transformed according to their pattern of usage”. 1 This is the epitome of the companies mission and their goal to set the standard in the hospitality industry through design and providing a unique style of service.

view of Mima building from above - 3.1.b front pre-casted concrete facade - 3.1.c

vip cabin plan - 3.1.g First class cabin - 3.1.h

3.1.d - Yotel Airport Twin cabin example

“YOBOT” in Yotel NYC- 3.1.E

INTERIOR DESIGN The innovative design of the hotel only continues with the detailed elements of the materials, finishes, furniture, and lighting.

All the materials follow the business model for Yotel: simplicity and efficiency. On the exterior, pre-cast concrete with the unique Yotel logo design creates the buildings casing. This material is connected to the interior by the placement of pre-cast interior concrete walls with a smaller scale geometric logo print and the use of

polished concrete floors in the public spaces and bathrooms. Oak timber and bamboo are used in the cabins and as accents in public spaces to add warmth and comfort to the users.

greens, but namely the famous vibrant purple used in all of Yotel’s locations.

Various forms of graphic design and imagery are seen on carpets, walls, and room dividers as well.

These materials are contrasted by the pure white surfaces used on the countertops, draperies, selected furniture pieces, and bedding. Famous furniture collections by Joe Calumbo, Fischer Mobel, and Jasper Morrison are spread throughout the space and are accented with reds, oranges, and

The key element that ties these materials together is the lighting. Throughout the public areas, lighting defines the type of space you are about to enter. Deeper lighting like dark purples are used in intimates spaces. Brighter colors like yellow, light purple, and greens are using in areas like the lobby and “Mission

First class cabin - ada - 3.1.i

premium cabin - 3.1.j

Control” to great and welcome the customers to the hotel and restaurants and to set a comfortable environment.

In the guestrooms, also referred to as ‘cabins’, there are floor to ceiling windows that allow a user controlled flow of light. Even the bathroom is glass encased, and the visitor can pull a curtain across for privacy and to restrict daylight. On the main public level, there is also a constant connection with day lighting through an all seasons terrace, which provides multiple arrangements that can be transformed depending on the event and weather. This influx of light is supportive of the user because it connects the user to the nature and the outside world and will ultimately boost the users mood.

“four” flf loor plan - 3.1.f

program Entry Level: Lobby/Entry: 13,000 sq. ft.

Yobot: 1,000 sq.ft.

Storage/loading area: 1,000 sq. ft.

Second + Third Levels: 5,000 sq. ft.

Administration offices Laundry service Worker breakroom-locker area 3.1.k - premium cabin - yotel nyc 3.1.l - vip cabin suite - yotel nyc

balance - proportions

meeting and recreation areas

Fourth Level “Four”: 17,000 sq. ft.

Mission Control: 2,000 sq. ft.

Terrace: 4,000 sq. ft.

The Club Lounge: 3,500 sq. ft.

The Green Lounge: 750 sq. ft.

DoJo Restaurant: 115 seats The Bar: 15 seats The Studiyo: 2,000 sq. ft.

Service Stations: 1,500 sq. ft.

Tower: 19 levels, 669 Guestrooms - “Cabins” Service: Storage + maitenance closets in every hallway First Class Cabins: 500-800 sq. ft.

- ADA options, Terrace access, etc.

Premium Cabin: 170 sq. ft.

VIP Suites: 3,300 sq. ft. total (3 available)

food [GREEN] and service [PURPLE]

DAYLIIGHTING

3.1.m - yotel nyc entrance + check in

Overall, The Yotel NYC exudes a feeling of vibrancy, of sleek modernity, and of sophistication. In my opinion, the space stands by the business’s mission “affordable luxury” and follows through completely with the design concept from Softroom to “create technologically sophisticated and vibrant spaces that can be transformed”. 2 The designers allowed for various public and private spaces to become transformed, fitting the needs of the user. The client can make the experience whatever they desire to design. One example of this is if the clients are looking to use the space as a place of business, they can use “The Bar” area conference table, but if they feel like socializing and creating a casual setting, they

3.1.n - dojo restaurant

can take the cover off of the same table and use it as a pool table.

Before visiting the site, my interest was towards the unique special concept of the guestrooms. The small space provides unique design opportunities that forced the designer to create smart design solutions that are innovative. Some concerns the designers faced which designing the space was having enough storage, meeting ADA codes and regulations with the limited circulation room, and being able to create a visionary space that meets all the needs of the consumer and the standards of the company.

During my visit to the site and interview with

Design Manager Stuart Purnell, he stated that overall, the building is working as efficiently as planned. The main goal was to “provide an environment that will enhance the Yotel experience. The spaces can be transformed, and it’s controlled at the customers will”.

Purnell spoke of the restaurants becoming popular due to the terrace, and that since the terrace is the largest in New York City, it was expected. The designers accommodated for growth within the space and the positive part of the layout is that the circulation is the connecting points for everything and gives ample room to have light conversations without blocking movement.

The design also includes a sustainability statement that is progressive and setting

the LEED Silver Standards. This sustainability mission focuses on the health of the customer while in the hotel and their connection to the outside world. This is done exceptionally well throughout the entire space and even when colder weather is a concern, that close connection is not lost due to innovative designing of transformative spaces.

The only issues I found with the main public space nicknamed ‘Four’, which is reflective of its level of the building, was with the proportions and acoustics. While the area is filled with acoustic ceiling elements specifically designed for the space, the room is not divided enough with more solid partitions and the sounds of the restaurants

3.1.o - all seasons terrace, view of main bar

“an environment that will enhance the Yotel experience. ... spaces can be transformed ... controlled at the customers will”

and meeting areas start to flow into each space. The level is so large and filled with various activities and functions that it would be beneficial to have more areas that are for the individual to observe the activity and not participate, all while being comfortable in the space.

Although, the main designing concept for the space was to allow the program to be transformed into endless variations, and the installment of permanent partition walls would prevent from achieving that concept.

Softroom and Rockwell Group went about and beyond the standards set before them and created an amazing flagship location for Yotel that will be the precedent for their future endeavors.

CASE STUDY 2

3.2

Yim huai khuang hostel DESIGN INSPIRATION

3.2.A - FRONT FACADE WITH STREET VIEW

THE BUSINESS In a recently renovated shopping center in Bankgok, Thailand a new type of hostel chain has opened up to the public. The owners of Yim Huai Khwang Hostel quit their jobs, came to the designers at Supermachine Studio, and asked them to fulfill their dream of creating an accommodation that will make their guests smile.

Which, is what Yim means in Thai. The overall brand is named Yim, but the individual hostel name will reflect the location in which it is placed.

The hostel is located in the Huai Khwang District, one of fifty districts of Bangkok. The area is known for its numerous boutique hotel accomodations, and the goal was to provide a more affordable option that is available for any age. The area is filled with pubs and restaurants, and contains the Thailand Cultural Center, and the Ratchade Grand Theater; both of which house various musical and theater performances of all types.

This area is up and coming for travelers of all ages due to it close proximity to nightlife, tourist attractions, and public transportation.

The main Huai Khwang Metro Station is only two blocks from the hostel, the airport is only being three stops away. Multiple bus routes are within walking distance as well. With a

local police station one block from Huai Khwang Hostel, extra security is provided.

The hostel itself is 2,000 square feet, sleeps sixty people , and is made up of sixteen rooms of various sizes ranging from two

IN THAI “YIM” MEANS “SMILE” person rooms, to eight person rooms. The hostel also has various common areas, and multiple outdoor spaces to connect the user to the nature - even in the heart of a major metropolis such as Bangkok.

FRONT ENTRY - 3.2.B EXTERIOR BALCONIES - 3.2.C

program GROUND FLOORLobby reception back off ice game zone blue stairwell restrooms back garden guestrooms 1 - 3

3.2.F - GROUND FLOOR PLAN

3.2.G - SECOND FLOOR PLAN

3.2.D - MAIN STAIRWELL 3.2.E - CORRIDOR + STAIRWAY TO TERRACE

seconD FLOORcommon area terrace Guestroom 4 [ 4 beds ] guestroom 5 [ 6 beds ] guestroom 7 [ 4 beds ] guestroom 8 [ 6 beds ] guestroom 9 [ 4 beds ] Third FLOORCommon area terrace guestrooms 10 - 15 [ 2 beds each ] 3.2.H - THIRD FLOOR PLAN

3.2.I - SECTION

3.2.J - RECEPTION DESK

LOBBY AND LOUNGE - 3.2.K

3.2.l - VIEW OF PRIVATE ROOM WITH BALCONY

TYPICAL DORM STYLE ROOM - 3.2.m

INTERIOR DESIGN The overall goal of the designers was to focus on the past design and bring the 1970’s modern architecture to the forefront - but with a contrasting twist.

Before the renovation, the building looked dilapidated and heavy, the architects and interior designers wanted to keep that bold and heavy feeling on the exterior, but provide a light and airy interior space.

The communication of the two approaches and concepts to cohesively work together was achieved through room proportions, sustainable materials, and finishes.

Supermachine Studio states, “the project is a transformation process that hints to

the tracing back of its original condition”. 1 For the exterior, some of the materials are wrapping the façade in order to hint at the interior juxtaposition. Natural bamboo panels, from rural areas of Thailand, are wrapped inside the terrace areas to emphasize the form and provide privacy between rooms.

Once inside, the reception counter was left from the past business, and to provide contrast is a series of collages along the walls of magazine ads arranged by color. In the lobby, bold statements of color, like the completely turquoise

staircase, are made even brighter by the neutral furniture choices. A simple, black and white, geometric wall-covering is the backdrop to a unique and colorful statement clock is made up of popular painted toys.

These statements are contrasted with the neutral color and material palettes of the rooms. Simple medium toned wood floors, white walls and bedding, and blonde toned wood used for the built in ‘pod’ like dorm style bunks, were used to keep the space feeling fresh, clean, and calm, with an equally as calming connection to the outdoor elements through the terrace.

3.2.n - 8 bed dorm style room

3.2.o - dorm pod with charging station

3.2.p - VIEW OF CORRIDOR WITH LIGHTING FIXTURES

GUESTROOM ENTRY WITH WAY-FINDING - 3.2q

3.2.s - TYPICAL suite with balcony

MAIN STAIRWELL - 3.2.t

evaluation The Yim Huai Khwang Hostel achieves its owner’s goal of creating a place where their customers can smile. Through the use of mixed concepts, the customer can choose their mood by the room that they are inhabiting. The boldly colorful spaces can be for the moments of excitement and communication, and the neutral and soft spaces can be a place for reflection and rest.

3.2.r - CORRIDOR INTO GUESTROOM

From my observation, the Supermachine Studio broadens the building by their juxtaposition concept, and allow the interior spaces to be opened up through the use of materials, finishes, and an open floor plan;

versus the harsh and heavy, closed off exterior.

The use of color is drastic in particular spaces, and since it is used as a circulation tool, it is successful due to it forcing the guest to move through the vibrant space.

In places such as the stairway, it may seem overwhelming, but through the use of artificial light casting shadows, the tone of the color ranges and allows the users eyes to not become confused while on the stairs.

The main issue I found with the hostel, is signage. The way-finding technique through color is successful and exciting, but the signage for rooms, floors, and common

areas is small and not readable from a distance. From research of the building, it seems that Supermachine focused more upon material changes and color choice than written signs, and since each guest is different, it may have been more efficient to put focus upon both ideas.

This hostel is related to my project due to the designer’s material choices, space planning techniques, sustainability, and concepts. On all of Supermachine Studio’s project, the designers focus heavily upon the user, search for a goal, and achieve it successfully; which is what I hope to apply in my own project.

CASE STUDY 3

3.3

St. Christopher’s Inn visited october 2013

3.3.A - Entry, lobby, and view of reception

THE BUSINESS “We abide by the ethics of the craftsman. We stand for quality, not luxury. We focus on the balance between form and function.

We believe in the overall design: the union of graphic design, design objects and spaces”

view of Entrance and Street activity - 3.3.B

This statement is the driving force behind Lab-matic, the company that designed the renovation of St. Christopher’s Inn in Barcelona.

This statement speaks volumes to what their ultimate design goal for St. Christopher’s: to design a space that is focused on the customer and users, to provide quality work, and to put design as their first focus to enhance the hostel.

St Christopher’s Inn’s are spread all across Europe and owned by a company based out of London called Beds and Bars Ltd. The chain owns twelve hostels in the United Kingdom alone, and seven hostels in various countries.

The hostel sits in a large residential district, three blocks from the heavy tourist area Las Ramblas, the building was once an apartment complex. Through heavy renovation, the building was transformed into a modern and eclectic mix of styles it is today.

View of Restaurant/Lounge area front reception - 3.3.C

3.3.H - View of bar + acoustical ceiling elements

program Ground FloorLobby Reception/Front Desk Stairwell Belushi’s Bar/Restaurant Restaurant Kitchen Outdoor seating Stage

FLOOR PLAN

FLOOR PLAN

FLOOR PLAN

FLOOR PLAN

Floor 1Lounge/Breakfast Room Locker Room Porch Public Kitchen

Floors 2 through 657 rooms in various sizes Lounge on one of the flDoors

3.3.D - View of lounge space with connection to bar/restaurant

View of stage AND PATIO- 3.3.E

3.3.F - View of 12 person guestroom with balcony

View communal restroom - 3.3.G

INTERIOR DESIGN The hostels renovation was designed by Lab-matic Studio and the graphic design and branding of the hostel was by MOLA Studio. Both companies are based out of Madrid, and are focused on collaboration of different designers to create spaces, objects, and elements that enhance the life of the users.

The interior style is simple and neomodern with an eclectic mix of furniture.

When the visitor first walks in, they are in a white walled space with simple grey, blue, and red way-finding visual aids. The floor is lined with the original

flooring, a traditional style Spanish tile that pays homage to the culture, enforces the mixing of styles, and makes a contrasting statement against the white walls and concrete flooring in the other spaces. These tiles are also incorporated in the other public spaces such as, surrounding the edge of the bar and the outdoor patio space.

The front desk is placed in line with the entrance, but on a ninety degree angle in order to be approachable from a multitude of circulation points. The designers allowed this entry moment

to display the graphics on the walls to initiate the brands motto, “Live Your Life”, which is placed on three different walls. When faced dead on the viewer can read, but from another angle it is a series of angled graphics (Figure 3.3.A).

St. Christopher’s also focuses upon the meandering circulation between spaces.

The paths to get from one location to another located on opposite ends of the building in order infuse the guest with the space and to pass through other groups of people. This forces conversation and interaction between strangers.

3.3.H - View ofBAR

GUEST ROOM CORRIDOR - 3.3.I

3.3.L - WALL GRAPHIC IN BELUSHI’S BAR + LOUNGE

Evaluation After my five-day stay at St. Christopher’s Inn in Barcelona, I can say that the overall design of the space is successful.

logo by Mola studio- 3.3.K

lobby Way-f inding by Mola studio - 3.3.J

The entry to the hostel is very inviting, open, and vibrant. Since the front desk was easily viewable and accessible, there was no confusion upon entering and there was plenty of space for waiting with luggage. The lockers were large enough for a standard suitcase size, and were close to the reception desk to make it easier on the visitor.

The restaurant and breakfast lounge provided a unique design approach because it had to fit multiple programs that happen in the hostel daily: breakfast, lunch, dinner, live performances, lounge, and nightlife. This was done by providing a multitude of sitting accommodations that allowed the user to sit at level of their choosing in a position of their choosing.

The acoustics in this large public space were also done extremely well, due to their various ceiling heights, variety of

unique material choices, and the infusion of greenery and plants.

The guestrooms themselves are soundproofed well, so there was hardly any noise coming from the corridors.

The rooms also have an operable door that leads to a small balcony that is locked at night for safety reasons.

The hosel used an efficient space plan and spoke to the nature of the community and its visitors through visual graphics, materials, and strong concept.

CASE STUDY 4

3.4

GENERATOR HOSTEL CO.

Design inspiration

3.4.a - View of lobby and stairway - BARCELONA

THE BUSINESS The

Generator Hostel Company started in 1995 as a unique accommodation concept with a goal of providing a lifestyle experience. Generator is known all across Europe as the “pioneers of affordable luxury and the masters of the social experience”.1 They achieve this through the design of the private and public spaces. The hostels can accomodate all ages, but are geared towards a younger crowd at a prime travelling age of 18-35.

“pioneers of affordable luxury and the masters of the social experience” Generator’s goal is to provide a new cultural experience through music, art, and literature. When infused throughout the space, this unique program instantly connects the visitor to the culture of the area. Generator also chooses buildings with history related to the surrounding areas; such as their Hamburg and Venice location. The Hamburg building was once used as a recording studio for the Beatles.

Generator Venice, located along the waterfront of Giudecca, the hostel sits in a repurposed grain house.

A connection to the past and present culture is what makes the Generator Company successful,

view of Entrance and Street activity- BARCELONA - 3.4.b

but it is their connection to the future that makes them unique.

Generator supports their community and their local artists through weekly art exhibitions and music concerts in a social setting.

Generator is also involved in social media such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook and urges its customers to post and tag the company through contests to win free trips and other prizes. The brands newsletter is sent out every month through the online media sites and outlines the multitude of events and performances each location has to offer.

The

Generator Companies goal is to expand up to fifteen locations by 2015. The company is currently renovating large buildings in the major cities of Rome and Paris, which were chosen due to cultural significance, accesible transportation, and lively nightlife.

Generator also plans to go international, and make NYC their first stop on their hostel expansion.

Viewof front bar/lounge - BARCELONA - 3.4.c

3.4.d - View of Lobby way- f inding - barcelona

3.35 - raised lounge/library - Berlin

Bar /Restaurant and lounge - hamburg - 3.5.e

program Small: 21,500 - 43,500 square feet 200 - 450 people

Medium: 43,500 - 75,500 square feet 450 - 750 people

Large:

75,500 - 100,000 square feet 750 + people

General Program: Lobby Reception Area Library Lounge Space / f lex space Cinema Space Restaurant CafĂŠ Bar Hostel Dorms Private/Hotel Rooms Event Space - For art exhibitions and Music performances Outdoor garden/sitting area - for smoking, lounge, etc.

3.37 - Main bar with jameson chandelier - dublin

repurposed factory for dublin location - 3.4.f

3.4.g - View of 8 bed hostel room with ensuite - Barcelona

INTERIOR DESIGN The interior design style of the Generator Hostel Company is modern design with a large emphasis on the architecture and culture in which the hostels are located. The Design Agency, based out of Canada, are the architects for the project with founding partner Ankwar Mekhayech in charge of the chains rebranding, renovations, and future expansions. To explain his design objective for the company, Mekhayech states, “Generator’s style is contemporary, unpretentious and at the same time somewhat elusive ... It’s

both fun and functional ... we focused on talented guests to infuse the interior with surprising details and authentic objects ... while ensuring that everything is super practical and functional”. 2 When looking for a building to house a new Generator, the company focuses on: former hotel or office program to smoothen space planning issues, strong street presence, ability of a bus to be parked nearby, a L-shape or rectangular structural grid, reinforced concrete slabs, limited downturn beams, high ceiling heights for public spaces, ability

View of twin hotel room - Barcelona - 3.4.h

for alcohol and music event licensure, historical assets, and low crime rates in the surrounding area.

Mainly, the furniture and finishes of the spaces capture the feeling and mood of the Generator brand. The overall furniture design ranges from a variety of eclectic chairs, where no two are the same, to a repetitive uniform style [Figures 3.4.N + 2.4.C]. The finishes are generally repurposed materials from the existing buildings such as exposed concrete ceilings, reclaimed wood,

3.4.i - View of 6 person vip suite with balcony

polished concrete floors, brick, and various metals. These finishes and materials vary depending on the location of the hostel, due to it’s proximity to resources and popularity and durability of the material for the region.

There are three programs for the Generator hostels: small, medium, and large. These programs are for various city sizes and expected occupancy, but the general program and size of rooms typically stay the same. The small program is typically 21,500 square feet

View of hotelbalcony - 3.4.j

“Commitment and passion to creating an authentic and locally inspired experience”

to 43,500 square feet. This template is for the use of lower volume tourist destinations or for a satellite hostel in a city with a previously established Generator, and sleeps 200 to 450 people. The medium sized program, the most common program for the company, can be found in international holiday destinations such as Dublin and Hamburg. The medium program is usually 43,500 square feet to 75,500 square feet, and can sleep 450 to 750 people. The large program is for high traffic and tourist destinations such

3.4.k - View of vip Balcony - barcelona

as New York City, Paris, London, and Amsterdam. The large program is 75,500 to 100,000 square feet and can hold over 750 guests.

On the main floor, customers are greeted with the lobby, main desk, elevators, stairs, lounge space, and a restaurant with bar. The second level typically has another lounge area with a kitchen, and a locker storage area. The other levels are focused on guestrooms of various sizes, and include en-suite bathrooms. Generators rooms typically hold up to 600 guests within 150 rooms with a variety of dorm options.

3.4.l - Bar lounge - Venice

In some locations, Generator offers a hotel and VIP suite option, or the hostel alternative. This allows for more accessibility of people of all ages and group sizes. The best example of this is the Barcelona location, an eight level Generator with multiple bars and restaurants, lounge space, gaming rooms, and over 20 hostel guestrooms.

Generator Barcelona dedicates one floor to hotel rooms that sleep two to four people each and have attached terraces. On the penthouse level, there is a VIP suite that sleeps six to eight and has a wrap around terrace with full views of the city. All of these

Main bar - venice - 3.4.m

spaces are easily accessible and users can find them through the clear wayfinding system. This system consists of both large scale text and images along vertical and horizontal surfaces.

They expand across the spaces to allow the users eye to follow the sign and lead them in the correct direction [Figure 3.4.D]. Circulations is further influenced by changes in floor elevation to encourage or discourage public circulation. To promote communication and socialization, material changes are used to imply the separation of spaces and minimize vertical partitions to maintain an open floor plan.

3.4.n - Main Lounge and bar - copenhagen

Main desk in lobby - copenhagen - 3.4.o

3.4.p - cinema and game room - london

3.4.q - Bar and game room with view of historic bus - London

3.4.t - Logo as a design tool - Barca 3.4.u - Lounge Space with library - barca

Generate: to bring into existence, cause to be, produce.

The definition of generate, is exactly the goal of any hostel and its mission for it’s visitors.

To create this experience, a lifestyle that guests can only have during their stay, specific design elements and programming are essential.

From the large public spaces with countless seating options, the café’s, bars, and restaurants that allow users 3.4.r - Bar and game room - london

3.4.s - main bar and lounge - london

to choose the type of atmosphere they want, to the multiple options of dorm rooms and private guest suites that are each designed with a personal touch that allows a different experience in each space, the users can individualize their stay. They can thrive in a community setting and build new relationships, or they can observe, relax, and enjoy the city that they are discovering for the first, or second, or possibly third time.

In my opinion, Generator has achieved the goals they set for themselves with the company’s brand and direction: to create a new type of accommodation.

View of Restaurant and bar - Copenhagen - 3.4.v

Reviews of these hostels only revealed some negative aspects. Critiques of the service, location, and distance from attractions were the most common complaints. These issues are provided with a simple solution of Generators close proximity to public transportation and the safe neighborhoods their establishments reside in.

Overall, the designs are highly cultural and are geared toward the eager and focused young traveler. There is life and vibrancy to all the designs and I look forward to their latest mission: expansion to the United States.

4.0

DESIGN + TECHNICAL CRITERIA

for hostel, restaurant, + bar design

4.a - restaurant seating options in plan and elevation

FURNITURE, material, + EQUIPMENT

4.b - Booth Seating dimensions

dining seating for wheelchair access - 4.c

The furniture, finishes, and equipment for the space will vary based upon the building, user’s needs, and the program for the different spaces. The layout of the furniture must provide room for public and private circulation, handicap accessibility, and make sure there is enough room to follow code. In hotel rooms, the room sizes vary depending upon the number of occupants and the room type. The various typical size options can be seen in 4.F - 4.K.

For the hostel program, there will need to various bed sizes such as: queen, twin, and bunk beds. There will need to be various options for storage and that storage needs to have security, via lock and key or passcode. For the bar and restaurant, it is important for there to appropriate heights for the bar counter, seating, shelving, and signage. It is also important to use the appropriate equipment in the kitchen and bar in order for the business to run smoothly and efficiently so that the turnover rate meets the business’s standards.

All materials in the building should reflect the high traffic and high visitor and guest density of the program. The materials should be durable, sustainable, and appropriate for the spaces in which they are used. In the employee spaces, it is of high importance to have safe, non-slip materials and a flooring that has some cushioning for added back support.

In the public spaces, the materials may be richer in design but equal in quality. All of the spaces are highly trafficked in the program and these materials should be able to be

ERGONoMICS + ADA

4.d - luxurious, intermediate. + economical seating dimenshions

booth dining seating for wheelchair access - 4.e

3.4.g - View of 8 bed hostel room 4.h - 14’ wide guestroom

4.i - 15’ wide guestroom

4.j - 16’ wide guestroom

LIGHTING Lighting elements in the hospitality design industry are centered upon the guest being in control of their own space. Allowing various forms of lighting gives the customer an opportunity to tailor the space to their wants and needs. Some people are more comfortable in dim lighting, and some need bright light. Daylighting is also important to express a connection to nature, but should always have the option of being controlled by the user through curtains of various weights.

In a restaurant or service program, the lighting is controlled by the designer and the business in order to inflict a certain setting upon its guests. It is important to design a lighting system that has the ability to transition to different settings and for

4.f - 12’ wide guestroom

customers to still be able to read the menu and move around the space safely.

WAYFINDING The use of solid way-finding tools is extremely imperative in the hospitality industry. There are users new to the space daily that are not familiar with the layout and resources of the establishment, therefore the wayfinding not only educates them on the facilities offered, but guides them there as well.

For public spaces, a designer needs to think about all the different types of people that will be using the space. People with physical and mental handicaps, as well as those with visual limitations that make wayfinding difficult and labor intensive.

It is the designer’s goal to achieve a system that

4.g - 13’ wide guestroom

provides opportunity for all people to navigate the space independently and efficiently.

Wayfinding can be achieved through multiple techniques such as material change, color change, signage, lighting, and sound. The designer must be considerate to how a guest is using a space and take into account their needs while in the space and try to accommodate.

ACOUSTICS The acoustical elements inside and outside of the space are a concern due to the wellbeing of not only the guests but the workers as well. There are certain codes that have to be met in order to control the volume in the location in which the building sits, and volume control within the space itself. If the noise does exceed the code regulations, there is a chance of some customers becoming uncomfortable

luxury guestroom with suite - 4.k

and experiencing headaches and other irritable side effects.

In the guestrooms, the volume from the corridors and the rooms adjacent have to be filtered. In the restaurant and bar, there is a need for the customers to be able to hear the waiter and vice versa. Ensuring that there are various forms of soft materials and acoustical ceiling and wall elements throughout space can enhance the guest’s experience.

VISUAL CONTROL In hospitality environments, the safety of the guests and employees of the establishment is typically controlled through surveillance cameras, key card access points, and security staff.

All surveillance cameras are typically in areas of weakness in which the staff cannot view suspicious

4.l - example of a rectangular bar with storage

activity; additionally, the cameras are seen by the guests to make them feel secure in the environment and to ward off criminals. Different establishments vary on their choice of key card access points.

Some only have the access points at the lobby entrance, in the elevators/floors, and at the doors.

These admittance areas can be through the use of technology or a security staff member positioned at an entry way location, or as simple as proper reception desk placement. Most commonly, hotels only have an access point at the guestroom’s door.

For a hostel setting, it is beneficial to have more security in the building due to inter-guest theft, therefore the less access from floor to floor and room to room, the better.

Even though security is of high importance, the guest’s privacy needs to be balanced with consideration to all users of the space.

BUILDING and Mechanical SYSTEMS

4.m

4.n

4.o -

- 4.p

SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability of the building is important to the overall health and welfare of the business’s users and the surrounding community. Through the use of sustainable materials, mechanical systems, and natural daylighting the designer can create an environment that enhances the quality of the stay for the user.

Indoor air quality of the space is one of the top concerns for the restaurant and hostel program.

The need for proper ventilation can prevent the emission of carcinogens and other pollutants that can harm the users.

5.0

topical explorations human behavior

i

color

i

Why travel?

5.a - use of color in circulation element

human behavior Humans are the common feature in all buildings, therefore their behavior should be the main design influence for an interior designer or architect. How people move through a space, perceive a room, and interact with other users can affect their daily lives for the better, or for the worse. “Universal design is ‘the art and practice of design to accommodate the widest variety of number of people throughout their lifespan�.1 Based on this type of design, it is in the designers description to accommodate all types of people, with various abilities, in order to best serve the masses.

For a young adult focused project like a hostel, it is vital to understand the various types of spaces that can enhance interaction between the guests.

What type of space makes the user feel at ease and comfortable? What type of space provides structure for conversation? Are there spaces that make the user feel safe and at rest versus overstimulated and confused?

These are the questions designers ask themselves when understanding the program for a hostel.

Young travelers staying in hostels are often open to making new relationships with other guests.

This open attitude towards other people initializes interaction between strangers, and a well-

use of contrasting color to transition moods - 5.b

designed interior space will only encourage those attitudes further and make a lasting impression.

Since the guests of hostels are typically new to the area and are looking to explore, wayfinding is a key element for the guest in order to visually comprehend the space and all it has to offer.

In order for the guest to find the building itself on their own, there has to be signage, and if the check in desk is not immediately seen upon entry then there should be a major focus upon guiding the customer to the proper destination.

Wayfinding is crucial to making the user feel comfortable in an environment and to promote circulation and understanding of the space. Wayfinding can also keep users from areas in which they are not wanted, or simply promote higher traffic to the public areas

use of color in the workplace - 5.c

5.d - tranquil Lobby with pastel colors

5.e - color in corridors

color use in design versus the more secluded quiet areas.

Being cognitive of human behavior in design is crucial to the success of any business. Catering to your customers and ensuring that they feel comfortable, safe, and are enjoying their time in the hostel can create more business from the other people they meet along their travels.

to enhance their lodging experience and to encourage return visits”.2 Color can affect a guest’s mood, sleeping pattern, sense of direction, and appetite by a simple change in hue. All colors effect people in various ways, and it is difficult for the designer to achieve a balance of color that does not over or under stimulate the user.

Another aspect of human behavior that directly affects the user is the use of color. “Color ... communicates with your guests in ... non-verbal ways

The most commonly known colors are recognized as ways to suggest a mood and evoke a feeling from people. Some examples of these are: red suggesting

excitement, strength, and passion. Blue suggests a calm, safe, and soothing environment due to its correlation to water and the environment. Green, the color of nature, suggests freshness, stability, and growth. Purple signifies wealth and dignity; while Orange, the universal safety color, implies energy and enthusiasm and is used to catch the users eyes.

designer adds metallic and reflective surfaces to the already colorful space, the guest’s attention will be drawn to that area even more. 3 There are various ways to choose a color palette, but the two most popular formulas are by analogous colors, colors side by side on the color wheel, and complimentary colors, which is the use of two colors that are opposite on the color wheel. 4

All of these colors have endless hues and saturations, and those hues can be perceived in various ways. If the

It is the designers job to take color as an extra design tool in order to make the guests feel comfortable in the

sophisticated color palette - 5.f

space, and to understand that other environmental factors like lighting and finishes affect how the user perceives color.

In designs that are catering towards youth and young adults, it is important for color to reflect the atmosphere in which the business is trying to achieve. The designer should think about the brand and program of the space, and if those call for a social and energetic environment, like a hostel, then the designer should choose

vibrant, saturated colors like oranges, magentas, and yellows for the main public spaces.5 Public areas like the restaurant and bar most commonly use reds and deep oranges to promote appetite and conversation between customers. For the private spaces like the guestrooms and bathrooms, neutrals and lighter blues and greens are often chosen due to their suggestion of tranquility and cleanliness and allow the guest to have a rest from the stimulating main areas.

5.j - Ceil de paris restaurant, france

Haven nightclub, atlantic city, nj - 5.k

why travel?

Personality is “the set of emotional qualities and ways of behaving that makes a person different from other people”.6 A person’s personality is a list of characteristics that are obtained through personal experiences as well as genetic factors. These characteristics reflect the goals of the person, goals that are part of human nature.

There are five personality dimensions: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience.7 Every person obtains these personality traits, but it

is the level to which it applies to their own personality that determines the difference between people’s behavior.

These traits are also ever changing, something in an individual’s environment can influence how they think or feel and their opinion could be changed.

How does this influence people and their need for travel?

Studies have shown that individuals that have studied abroad, or travelled for an extended period of time, have higher

ratings in the five personality dimensions.

Extraversion, “the need to engage in social interactions”; Conscientiousness, “a need to follow rules and complete tasks”; and Agreeableness, “ability to get along with other people”, are all features that are vital traits for the demographic a hostel is aiming for.8 Emotional Stability and Openness to Experience are also prime characteristics that allow travelers to engage in social interaction with ease and even eagerness. Since these trait levels are now higher, these travelers feel open to tourism and discovery. They

5.g - color as accent

5.h - use of color as a circulation tool

color as accent - 5.i

Hostel guest at check in- 5.m

5.l - nyc wayf inding

are more understanding of the world, other cultures, and how to carry themselves in different cultural situations, which in turn makes them prepared to handle themselves in various types of situations in their personal lives and professional careers.

Philosopher and writer George Santayana once wrote, “Unrest is a new incentive to travel, perhaps the most powerful and persistent of all: it lends a great beauty to strangers, and fills remote places and times with ineffable charm�.9 But, this is Santayana’s observations and experiences. Businesses are more interested in what motivates someone to visit new places and spend money on travel.

More concrete reasons for these motivations for travel come from economic and human psychological behavior observations. For those reasons that are economical in stature. Travel is considered a luxury item, therefore, some are motivated to express their financial stability through travel and other material purchases. On the reverse side, when there is a recession in the economy, for some, it is seen as something that can be removed from the budget.

Other economic factors are promotions like frequent flyer miles, and discounts from hotels and travel agencies. Another motivator is a growth in the industry due to trends or a rise in the economy, which in turn encourages promotions due to the competition between leisure options.

Psychological reasons for travel are wildly explored in research as motivators of leisure travel.

Change in life stage is a popular psychological reason for travel.

As people get older, they either are now legally able to travel on their own, or now have more time and their own resources to devote to themselves. Incentives from work is another popular reason; companies rewarding their workers with time off allows for a positive reflection upon their work and makes the employee feel appreciated.

Other motivators include expression of social status, romantic getaway with a loved one, and social contact.

For young adults, the demographic for the hostel, their psychological reasons for travel are focused on what is trending in the travel industry and obtaining cultural and social experiences.

Current trends in cultures determine the new up and coming countries and cities that will be popular for visitors of all ages and cultures. There could be new art installations, festivals, famous stores, or transit systems; along with the historical sites like museums, architecture, and

hostel guest making relationships - 5.n

taking in the sites - 5.p

5.o - learning a new city

can design enhance travel?

does travel affect us? parks. Current trends could also be the hospitality industry itself and what one city, architect, or designer, is doing differently than the rest to make an experience unique for a visitor. If a city is part of this trend, there has to be a reflection on how to keep this steady growth of tourism and to keep visitors returning. What makes a person enjoy the city? What factors go into affecting this experience? Some of the top reasons travelers liked a city and would return are: a welcoming and hospitable culture, a variety of food options, cleanliness,

and an accessible public transit system.

Another major part of enjoying a city is wayfinding. If a visitor does not feel they understand the city, they will not feel comfortable getting lost and will become less adventurous due to safety reasons.

“Consumers today want to be in charge they want control”.10 If there are signs or streets directing you to one destination at all times, you are not giving the visitors options to see other aspects of the city. This works in certain applications,

when used for major features of the city, but for the more intimate and cultural moments, the traveler should feel as though they stumbled upon a hidden element of the city.

a proper amount of each, with concise content, that reflects the people that will be using the wayfinding tools will be the start of creating a beneficial wayfinding program.

“A wonderfully designed place presents itself to tourists and residents alike with a kind of intuitive ease”.11 Wayfinding, also known as environmental graphic design, can include overt signs, street banners, sidewalks, pavement markings, public art, directional plaques, street lighting, and map kiosks. Making sure there is

In the past twenty years, hostels have been a popular form of accommodation in Europe, South America, and across Asia. Currently, there is a major push in America for this type of accommodation due to economic and social factors. The trend also reaches into design focused hostel accommodations, which projects

“there is wisdom in turning often as possible from the familiar to the unfamiliar : it keeps the mind nimble, it kills prejudice, and fosters humour” - George Santayana

to the young adult that is interested in more than the city culture, but also the culture of the hostel environment and the relationships made there. Following this trend, it is the designer’s goal to follow that of its city-trend counterpart, to make the hostel less of a movement and more of a permanent statement for the city in which the lodging resides.

Taking into consideration the reasons visitors do and don’t return to cities, the designer can involve those into their designs to enhance the space to ensure all of those qualities are met.

6.0

existing site analysis context

i

climate

i

zoning

6.a - district/neighborhood map of philadelphia

City: Philadelphia The city of Philadelphia is the sixth largest metropolitan city in the United States, the fifth most walkable city, and filled with over 1,500,000 million people. 1 Founded between the Delaware and Schuykill Rivers in 1682 by William Penn, the City of Brotherly Love has been home to America’s founding fathers, the Nation’s Capital, and other historical moments and places. Travelers can visit the world’s largest landscaped park, Fairmount Park; the numerous outdoor sculptures and murals, and the various museums that feature art, music, architecture, and the works of local artists.

Philadelphia

is

also

home

to

a

major

transportation

systems such as the international airport that is easily accessible to the city center through taxi and train. 30th Street Station is the main epicenter of all railroad and motor coach transportation in and out of the city located on Market and 30th Street with a direct exit onto the Schuykill expressway, a main highway for local commuters.

Two major interstates, I-95 and I-676, encompass the city and provide access to and from the city for those travelling by car or motor coach.

Once a city focused in manufacturing and distribution

diagram of Philadelphia’s attrractions, transportation, + parks - 6.b

for the textile industry, ship and engine building manufacturing, and the Pennsylvania Railroad. Now, the city’s main source of commerce comes from the service industry, finance, telecommunications,and pharmaceutical and medical supply sales. 2 In the Philadelphia region, companies like Comcast, PECO, QVC, and the URBN brand, are major employers for the area. In the city proper, the top employers are the city government and surrounding educational institutions like Temple and Drexel Universities, as well as the state run school system. 3 Even though these major companies are stationed within the Philadelphia area, the rate of unemployment of 6.9 percent, is still higher than the national average of 5.8 percent; lower than other major cities such as Las

attractions

transportation

parks + open public space

6.c - RACIAL DEMOGRAPHICS OF PHILADELPHIA [ BLUE - WHITE, GREEN - BLACK, RED - ASIAN, ORANGE - LATINA, BROWN - OTHER

Vegas and Los Angeles.

Affecting the economic stability of the city’s residents. Considering the November 2009 Philadelphia unemployment rate was 9.5 percent, there has been an upturn of business due to the expansion of major companies, like Comcast, that is also migrating new residents into the city as well.

4

The current core demographic make-up is 44.3 percent Black, 36.6 percent white, 6.8 Asian, and 3.2 percent mixed race. 5 The demographic

“World-class museums, cuttingedge galleries, and ubiquitous street murals make this city a trove of creative riches.”

- Rebecca Dalzell New York Magazine

heritage of the Philadelphia people is Irish, German, Polish, and English. These cultural factors are the genetic factors of the city and define the districts and neighborhoods within Philadelphia.

The climate of Philadelphia is considered a humid subtropical zone.

Since the Appalachian Mountains are located West of the city, the weather is protected from extreme high and low temperatures. The average temperature high is eighty-seven degrees in July with high humidity levels and occasional

map of the tourist attractions in center city - 6.D

flash flood rain storms. The average temperature low is forty degrees in January with steady levels of precipitation and snowfall. The winter winds are coming from the Northeast direction, the summer winds coming from the Southeast. 6 Typically, the architecture of the city reflects the weather and technology options of the past, present, and future.

The historical buildings are brick with smaller windows to provide insulation in the winter and shade in the summer.

“We’re neighborhood people. And that’s what Philly is: neighborhoods.

That’s why this all works.”

- Valerie Safran, Philadelphia Magazine

The present buildings are a mixture of 1930’s art deco and traditional colonial style with modern accents, like larger operational windows.

The current style, as well as the style for upcoming projects presented by firms throughout the city, are new age modern and feature sustainable focuses, large glazing walls, and technology installations.

6.E - typical residential street

6.f - fall festival in washington square area

NEIGHBORHOOD: WASHINGTON SQUARE The main district in Philadelphia is Center City, which encompasses the proposed location for the hostel project. Within Center City, there are culturally focused neighborhoods: Spring Garden, Art Museum, Northern Liberties, Logan Square, Chinatown, Olde City, Rittenhouse, Society Hill, and Washington Square West - the proposed neighborhood.

their shopping and food options. These streets are also main circulation routes for the city and lead to sites like Independence Hall and the Art Museum.

Both streets also have numerous metro stops at varying distances, which lead to the main transportation center, 30th Street Station, from the proposed hostel location.

Washington Square West is a mixed use residential and commercial district that aligns with Broad and Market Streets. Both streets are known for

Broad Street has hospitality options, such as The Hilton and The Hyatt, but nothing as cost efficient or as socially encouraging as the proposed project. Washington

Square West also houses two hospitals, a theater, and South Street attractions.

The architectural style of this district is mostly traditional and historic due to this being an older neighborhood of the city. Since the area is residential and commercial mixed, it includes historic brownstones, but high rises like the PNB building and the original Wannamaker Department Store building, now Macy’s, reflects the 1920’s art deco style creating an eclectic mix of styles throughout the city and within neighborhoods.

6.h - VIEW OF THE PARK FOUNTAIN

6.g - dining experience in the neighborhood

6.I - zoning map - washington square neighborhood

washington square park fountain - 6.j

STREET : 330 S. 9TH SITE LOCATION: 330 south 9th street, washiington square

CMX - 5: CENTER CITY CORE COMMERCIAL MIXED USE

SP - PO - A: ACTIVE PARKS AND OPEN SPACE

RMX - 3 RESIDENTIAL [CENTER CITY] MIXED USE

Along South 9th Street in the Washington Square neighborhood, there are various educational institutions, medical offices, hospitals, and row homes. The Pennsylvania Hospital sits across from the proposed hostel site, lending extra security personnel and providing the visitors and residents of area with peace of mind. The Thomas Jefferson University is also north of the site, along with The Wills Eyes hospital, and the Walnut Street Theater. These public spaces provide various garage parking options along with street parking.

Pedestrians move easily throughout the area by use of sidewalks and paths through parks and squares. The use of vehicular movement is more limited, due to the one-way streets and single lane traffic, which only causes high traffic volume during the pre/post work hours.

Due to the proximity of the hospitals in the area, there is constant movement of both pedestrian and vehicular traffic on south 9th street, due to the shifts of their employees.

On the block between South 10th and

South 9th Streets, where the site is located, there is a food and beverage market and a cafĂŠ. Numerous other restaurants and cafes are located throughout a three block radius and even more options on the walk to Broad and Market streets.

On the cross street of South 9th, Pine Street, there is the Louis L. Kahn Park, only two blocks from the proposed site, and Washington Square Park sits 4 blocks Northeast. These parks provide outdoor seating, shading, and community spaces,

6.K - diagram of popular restaurants across the city

site analysis diagram for proposed building location - 6.M

as well as a break for recreational activity and a way to separate the visitors from the city.

The views from the site are of townhomes and the small lawn in front of the Pennsylvania Hospital. This absorbs some sound from the surrounding streets, but otherwise there are no noise pollution issues.

The architecture of the area is full of traditional brownstones, mostly renovated. The more recently constructed buildings, follow similar design ideas and materials on the facades with the use of brick and moldings, but use modern materials, space planning, and structure in the interior. Most of the residential buildings surrounding 330 South 9th Street are 2-3 levels, but the slightly taller buildings like the university and hospitals, range from 4-6 levels.

The proposed site is zoned RMX-3, residential [center city] mixed use. The space is zoned for both living and commercial use. The surrounding buildings are CMX-5 and SP-PO-A: center city core commercial mixed use, and active parks and open space respectively. Zoning map for the area can be seen in figure 6.M. 7 6.L - diagram of economic status in center city [proposed site in maroon]

public transit

quality views site location solar path summer wind winter wind single lane traff ic headed NorthEast single lane traff ic headed west - east

7.0

PROGRAMMING

PROGRAM

TEST FIT MAIN FLOOR

PROGRAM MATRICES

horizontal circulation VERTICAL circulation bar restaurant lobby - lounge employee area / kitchen restroom

CLOSE ADJACENCY MEDIUM ADJACENCY LOW ADJACENCY

8.0

Existing BUILDING analysis

i

CODE

i

REGULATIONS

i

STANDARDS

8.a

building analysis The University of Pennsylvania Neurological Institute at 330 South 9th Street, was designed by HLM Design of Philadelphia. The building, set in the Washington Square West neighborhood, is currently being used for medical offices for Penn Medicine. The Institute sits on the 330 block of South 9th, at the corners of Pine and Clinton Streets. The building itself sits across from Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in America.

The UPenn Neurological Institute is 31,345 gross square feet and currently has 4 floors and a basement at 6,269 square feet for each level. The ceiling heights for the first and second floors are 13 feet high, and for the third and fourth floors it is 10 feet at its lowest. The building has only one row of columns.

The façade of the building reflects the Georgian style historical buildings of colonial America, a style that is prevalent in the Washington Square neighborhood.

The building follows the general identifying features of Georgian architecture: strict symmetry [Figure 8.C], centered front door, decorative moldings around the larger windows on the main level, and simple rectangular windows on the upper levels.

The Neurological Institute’s exterior materials also

FRONT ELEVATION - 8.b

compliment the Georgian and colonial style of the area with its use of tan-red brick, tan concrete, and black ironwork railings.

The exterior style, with its taller stories and position on an entire city block, insinuates the goal to suggest the prominence of the University of Pennsylvania and signify the importance of the building to differentiate it from the residences that are surrounding the structure.

The interior materials however, follow the needs of the modern day patient and are easily cleanable materials: tile flooring, drywall, and wood laminate banisters.

The interior of the building is all neutral colors, whites, creams, and browns.

The interior style suggests a concept typical in healthcare

structural diagram of main f loor - 8.C

8.f - corner of s 9th st. + clinton

design, the goal to create a calming environment for patients in order to allow them to feel comfortable in an environment in which they might typically feel uncomfortable.

The sustainable practices of the Institute are known through observation - the building is extremely well maintained.

This helps prevent the degradation of materials, which increases the lifespan of the building and the time between renovations.

8.D - FRONT FACADE

For the proposed hostel project, the designer will utilize all five levels of the existing building. Since the building is of a style that is related to the neighborhood and culture of the city, the designer will keep most of the facade intact with considerate changes that contemplate the effects of drastic change upon the area.

The designer will consider reusing elements of the current design during the schematic design process, but it is

not of top priority. The ramp, elevator, and other circulation elements are seen to have the most potential for growth within the proposed hostel project.

The designer wants to add new elements to the building that will provide sustainable features and holistic foundations for the benefit of the visitor and community. Features, such as a roof garden with lounge seating, will provide a group setting in a natural, relaxing environment.

8.f - connected buildings

View of NORTH FACADE + clinton street - 8.E

8.G - main f loor plan

PROJECT DATA

A-2 [ Assembly Group ]

R-1 [ Residential ]

S-2 [ Low Hazard Storage ]

Building Information: Name: Neurological Institute of UPenn Address: 330 South 9th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107 Floors: 4 + Basement Square Feet per Floor: 6,269 Total Gross Square Feet: 31,345

Uses intended for food and/or drink consumption including, but not limited to: banquet halls, casinos, nightclubs, restaurants, cafeterias, and similar dining facilities [including associated commercial kitchens], taverns and bars.

Residential occupancies containing sleeping units where the occupants are primarily transient in nature, including: boarding houses with more than 10 occupants, congregate transient living facilities with more than 10 occupants, hotels, and motels.

Includes, among others, buildings used for the storage of noncombustible materials, including: beverages up to and including 16 percent alcohol in metal, glass, or ceramic containers, food products, foods in noncombustible containers, fresh fruits and vegetables, frozen foods, glass bottles, meats, washers and dryers.

Building Code: Zoning Ordinance: RMA-3, residential center city mixed use Fire Code: International Fire Code 2009 Building Code: The Philadelphia Code [November 2014] based on 2012 International Building Code.

Elevator Code: Chapter 405 of the Uniform Construction Code Energy Code: 2009 Energy Conservation Code

Gross Area: 5,000 square feet Area per Occupant: 15 net Maximum Occupancy: 334 persons Minimum Corridor Width: 44 inches Exit Access Travel Distance: 250 sq.ft.

Gross Area: 18,807 square feet Area per Occupant: 200 gross Maximum Occupancy: 94 persons Minimum Corridor Width: 36 inches Exit Access Travel Distance: 250 sq. ft.

Gross Area: 3,135 square feet Area per Occupant: 300 gross Maximum Occupancy: 11 person Minimum Corridor Width: 44 inches Exit Access Travel Distance: 400 feet

Sanitation: Water Closets/Urinals: 14 Male, 14 Female Lavatories: 7 Male, 7 Female Showers: 0 Drinking Fountains: 2 Service Sinks: 2

Sanitation: Water Closets/Urinals: 7 Male + 8 Female Lavatories: 7 Male + 8 Female Showers: 7 Male + 8 Female Drinking Fountains: 0 Service Sinks: 1

Sanitation: Water Closets/Urinals: 1 Male, 1 Female Lavatories: 1 Male, 1 Female Showers: 0 Drinking Fountains: 1 Service Sinks: 1

Commercial Kitchen: Gross Area: 600 square feet Area per Occupant: 200 gross Maximum Occupancy: 3 persons Minimum Corridor Width: 36 inches Exit Access Travel Distance: 250 sq. ft.

Incidental Use Areas: Guest Kitchen: 300 square feet Waste + Linen Collection Rooms: 100+ square feet: 1 hour separation

Total Sanitation: Female Water Closets: 29 Male Water Closets/Urinals: 29 Female Lavatories: 22 Male Lavatories: 22 Female Showers: 15 Male Showers: 15 Drinking Fountains: 3 Service Sinks: 4

Fire Protection Requirements: Fire Exit Enclosures: 2 hours Shafts and Elevator Hoistways: 2 Hours Tenant Space Separations: 2 hours Smoke Barriers; Assume 30 minutes Corridor Fire Resistance Rating: 0 minutes [A-2 + S-2], 30 minutes [R-1]

8.H - 2nd to 4th level f loor plans

Means of Egress: Automatic Sprinkler System Dead End Corridor Maximum: 50’ Minimum Exits per Floor: 2

9.0

CONCLUSION

Through my research of hostels from a variety of international locations and my exploration of the hospitality industry, I have learned that travelling is more about the people and less about the place.

hostel will provide various guestroom options that vary in bed number and gender so each guest can choose a room that suites their comfort level.

People travel to discover. Discover new cultures that came from different human beings, discover the architecture that people designed, and to discover the food made by the local people. Though, oftentimes overlooked when discovering a new place and culture, is the impact upon yourself. From my experience, travelling broadens horizons and makes for a more understanding person with a knowledge of the world. Where you stay when you travel can have different effects upon a visitor’s perception of a new place, and through research I am more knowledgeable upon how to affect those perceptions in a positive way.

My inspiration for the design will come from the surrounding Philadelphia culture and its history, as well as the constant connections being made within the space. Not only is the community thriving with remnants of the past, but the design and the hostel guests will provide an opportunity to influence a new wave of culture and leave pieces of their time spent there.

When travelers of various ages, races, and nationalities come together and create connections with one another, it challenges the stereotypes and miscommunications about various cultures and allows for a new perception of a culture or individual. Connections like these, even if they are for limited periods of time, create a positive state of mind about their time within the country, and will prompt more travelling.

As I continue to design this hostel for the City of Philadelphia, I want to give constant thought to the users and guests of the building and how my design will impact the neighborhood, city, and beyond.

The hostels mission is to promote the growth of travelling for young adults and make accommodations financially and physically accessible to all types of individuals. The

As an interior design student, I am inspired by the opportunities that a design focused hostel for those of similar age will bring to those that were not a part of Philadelphia previously.

Industrial Designer Dieter Rams once said, “Good design is making something intelligible and memorable. Great design is making something memorable and meaningful�.

Exploring new countries and cities and having the chance to stay in memorable places was the most significant part of my time abroad, and if those staying in my proposed hostel project left with a similar spirit, I will have pursued my mission.

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Ralph, Gemma. “Q&A: Anwar Mekhayech, The Design Agency.” Hospitality Interiors: Commercial Design & Furniture Trade Magazine. June 11, 2014. Accessed October 1, 2014. http://www.hospitality-interiors.net/interviews/articles/2014/06/1317186157-qa-anwar-mekhayech-design-agency.

3

IMAGE SOURCES; http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/chillout/hanging-chair-barcelona.jpg http://www.contemporist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/ ba_080813_01.jpg http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/chillout/generator_chill-out-cafe.jpg http://i1305.photobucket.com/albums/s545/HTMMEDIA/Angels%20Playpen/Destinations/GeneratorHostel15jpg_zps958b793c.jpg http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/berlin-mitte/2-generator-berlin-mitte-chill-out.jpg http://www.staywyse.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2013/06/generator-hamburg-1.jpg?w=150

3.4.l

http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/exterior-snaps/thumbs/thumbs_balcony-penthouse-suite.jpg

3.4.m

http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/ venice/1-generator-venice-lounge-chillout.jpg

3.4.n

http://generatorhostels.com/se/wp-content/blogs.dir/21/files/ copenhagen/2-generator-copenhagen-chillout-lounge-area.jpg http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/ copenhagen/13-generator-copenhagen-reception.jpg http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/ london/2-generator-london-cinema-room.jpg

3.4.g

http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/dublin/1-generator-dublin-interiors-bar.jpg

3.4.r

3.4.h

http://generatorhostels.com/en/files/2012/11/GenBCN_Rooms_lowres-60_resized.jpg http://www.wherecoolthingshappen.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/generator-hostel-barcelona-wcth03-317x177.jpg http://generatorhostels.com/en/files/2013/08/Generator_lowres-281.jpg

3.4.s

http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/ london/8-generator-london-lounge-cafe-chillout.jpg

3.4.t

http://ucd.hwstatic.com/propertyimages/5/59987/10.jpg

3.4.u

http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/ chill-out/communal-area-barcelona.jpg

http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/exterior-snaps/hotel-barcelona-balcony.jpg

3.4.v

http://wp-cdn.arquinauta.com/wp-content/imagenes/2013/08/ Generator_Hostel_Copenhagen_4-150x150.jpg

3.4.a 3.4.b

Howarth, Dan. “Generator Hostel Berlin Mitte.” Dezeen Generator Berlin Mitte Hostel by Ester Bruzkusbr with Anwar Mekhayech and Mark Asipowicz Comments. November 5, 2013. Accessed September 29, 2014. http://www.dezeen. com/2013/11/05/generator-berlin-mitte-hostel-by-anwar-mekhayech-ester-bruzkus-and-mark-asipowicz/.

3.4.c 3.4.d 3.4.E 3.4.F

3.4.i 3.4.j 3.4.k

3.4.o 3.4.p 3.4.q

http://generatorhostels.com/en/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/ london/3-generator-london-bar-chillout-games.jpg http://generatorhostels.com/de/wp-content/blogs.dir/16/files/ london/9-generator-london-bar-area.jpg

4.0 bibliography TEXT SOURCES: 1

Chiara, Joseph. “Hospitality.” In Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.

IMAGE SOURCES; ALL

Chiara, Joseph. “Hospitality.” In Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.

5.0 bibliography TEXT SOURCES:

IMAGE SOURCES;

1 2

Nussbaumer, Linda L. Human Factors in the Built Environment. 1st ed. Vol. 1. New Yor: Fairchild Books, 2014.

3

Locke, Amy. “The Vocabulary of Color: What Colors Mean & How They Affect Your Guests.” Hotel Execuative. July 1, 2012.

Accessed October 29, 2014. http://hotelexecutive.com/business_review/2147/.

4

“Human Behavior and the Interior Environment.” Wordpress. July 1, 2012. Accessed October 29, 2014. http://alaskaindigenous.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/human-behavior-and-the-interior-environment2.pdf.

5

Locke, Amy. “The Vocabulary of Color: What Colors Mean & How They Affect Your Guests.” Hotel Execuative. July 1, 2012.

Accessed October 29, 2014. http://hotelexecutive.com/business_review/2147/.

6 7

Webster, Inc. “Personality.” In Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 2003.

Markman, Art. “Ulterior Motives: Extended Travel Affects Personality.” Psychology Today. September 10, 2013. Accessed November 2, 2014. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/ulterior-motives/201309/extended-travel-affects-personality.

5.F

8

Markman, Art. “Ulterior Motives: Extended Travel Affects Personality.” Psychology Today. September 10, 2013. Accessed November 2, 2014. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/ulterior-motives/201309/extended-travel-affects-personality.

5.g

9

Santayana, George. “The Philosophy of Travel.” In The Birth of Reason and Other Essays. 2nd ed. New York City: Columbia University Press, 1995.

10

“The Psychology of Travel - Economic Behavior.” Strategic Travel Action Resource. January 1, 2003. Accessed November 5, 2014. http://www.ntaonline.com/includes/media/docs/psychtravel-economic.pdf.

11

Badger, Emily. “The Surprisingly Complex Art of Urban Wayfinding.” CityLab. January 31, 2012. Accessed November 5, 2014. http://www.citylab.com/design/2012/01/surprisingly-complex-art-wayfinding/1088/.

“Human Behavior and the Interior Environment.” Wordpress. July 1, 2012. Accessed October 29, 2014. http://alaskaindigenous.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/human-behavior-and-the-interior-environment2.pdf.

5.a 5.b 5.c 5.d 5.E

5.h

http://haybert.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/black-interior-color-stairs-hostel-in-mexico-with-brown-marble-floor-staircasedesign-and-pink-iron-railings-ideas.jpg http://decodice.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/luxury-lounge-design.jpg http://cdn.home-designing.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/stpeters01.jpg http://fon.at.ua/_ph/29/58795389.jpg http://c1038.r38.cf3.rackcdn.com/group4/building39072/media/ rylg_the_light_wall_connecting_the_corridor_to_the_existing_hospital.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SczCtFUeMFA/Ul4YWNeXnOI/AAAAAAAAAkA/ N2DpDw5LlUM/s1600/Restaurant-Interior-Design-5.jpg http://o.homedsgn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/QT-GoldCoast-04.jpg http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/df/48/ff/df48ff4cb3d3a304390d947c4488155f.jpg

5.i

http://archinspire.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/colorful-lamp-interior-elements-hotel-design-idea11.jpg

5.j

http://img.archilovers.com/projects/533f7580-db06-4f0c-923e8bff5dc24a4d.jpg http://s3.food305.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/HavenInterior003-CREDIT-ZOLTAN.jpeg

5.k 5.l 5.m

http://www.hamishsmyth.com/files/gimgs/75_dotwalknyc31.jpg

5.n

http://www.youthostel.com/images/come-with-your-friendsand-enjoy-barcelona-with-mar-hostel.jpg

5.o

http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1567668/thumbs/o-TEEN-TRAVEL-facebook.jpg http://contiki.net.au/website/2014/MAR/HomepageTileUpdate/Hero-Santorini2.jpg

5.p

http://barcelonamar.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/ be-mar-hostel-facilities/1Barcelona-Be-Mar-Hostel-Check-in-reception.jpg

6.0 bibliography TEXT SOURCES: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

IMAGE SOURCES; 6a

http://shop.thesearethings.com/collections/modern-maps/ city-neighborhoods-maps?page=2

6.h

http://www.uwishunu.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/tria-cafe-philadelphia_7uw.jpg

http://technical.ly/philly/2014/02/25/50-biggest-employers-philadelphia-region-2013/

6.b

6.i

DIAGRAM - PERSONAL STYLIZED DEPICTION OF PHILADELPHIA ZONING, ORIGINAL MAP TAKEN FROM CITY OF PHILADELPHIA WEBSITE.

http://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.pa_philadelphia_co.htm

6.c

DIAGRAM - PERSONAL STYLIZED DEPICTION OF PHILADELPHIA. MAP FROM GOOGLE MAPS. http://www.wired.com/2013/08/how-segregated-is-your-city-thiseye-opening-map-shows-you/#slideid-210271 http://www.vandam.com/mapstore_title.php?id=64

6.j

http://www.visitphilly.com/resize/465x0/r/http/photos.visitphilly.com/washington-square-west-E.Mencher-465VP.jpg http://static.squarespace.com/static/52e96865e4b009c9b2fb53ca/t/531d2098e4b02c4ce26190c9/1394417828586/as_map%20 copy.jpg

http://www.census.gov/popest/about/terms.html http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-Northeast/Philadelphia-Economy.html

http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42101.html http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/philadelphia/pennsylvania/united-states/uspa1276 http://www.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Pennsylvania/philadelphia_pa/thephiladelphiacode?f=templates$fn=default. htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:philadelphia_pa

6.d 6.E 6.F 6.g

http://www.visitphilly.com/resize/976x488/graduate-hospital/r/ http/photos.visitphilly.com/st-albans-street-graduate-hospital1-976vp.jpg http://s3.amazonaws.com/placester-wordpress/blogs.dir/8500/ files/2014/07/Homes-For-Sale-In-Washington-Square-Philadelphia-011038.jpg http://washingtonsquareparkblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/ looking_west_washington_square_fountain1.jpg

6.k 6.l

https://www.behance.net/gallery/13124151/Philadelphia-Transect-Map

BY PHILAU CABE STUDENT: ALEX KHLOR CLASS OF 2016

6.m

DIAGRAM - PERSONAL STYLIZED DEPICTION OF SITE ANALYSIS, ORIGINAL MAP TAKEN FROM GOOGLE MAPS.

8.0 bibliography TEXT SOURCES:

IMAGE SOURCES;

1

International Building Codes. [2012 ed. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: International Code Council, 2011.

8.a

https://www.google.com/maps/@39.9449849,-75.1565355,3a,90y,229 .66h,93.34t/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1sn3k2j2HHPHsH-O3r3K2zDQ!2e0

2

http://www.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Pennsylvania/philadelphia_pa/thephiladelphiacode?f=templates$fn=default. htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:philadelphia_pa

8.b

3

“Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction.” In International Fire Code 2015. 1st ed. Vol. 1. Country Club Hills, IL: International Code Council, 2014.

https://blackboard.philau.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-219944-dt-content-rid-710270_1/courses/14FL-INTD-487-999/Building%20Options/1/ embedded/Microsoft%20Word%20-%201%20neurological%20institute%20 june%2030%202009.pdf

8.c

https://blackboard.philau.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-219944-dt-content-rid-710270_1/courses/14FL-INTD-487-999/Building%20Options/1/ embedded/Microsoft%20Word%20-%201%20neurological%20institute%20 june%2030%202009.pdf

8.d

https://www.google.com/maps/@39.9449849,-75.1565355,3a,90y,229 .66h,93.34t/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1sn3k2j2HHPHsH-O3r3K2zDQ!2e0

8.e

Personal photograph of Victoria Wetzelberger

8.f

https://www.google.com/maps/@39.9449849,75.1565355,3a,90y,229.66h,93.34t/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1sn3k2j2HHPHsH-O3r3K2zDQ!2e0

8.g

https://blackboard.philau.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-219944-dtcontent-rid-710270_1/courses/14FL-INTD-487-999/Building%20Options/1/embedded/Microsoft%20Word%20-%201%20 neurological%20institute%20june%2030%202009.pdf

8.h

https://blackboard.philau.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-219944-dtcontent-rid-710270_1/courses/14FL-INTD-487-999/Building%20Options/1/embedded/Microsoft%20Word%20-%201%20

9.0 bibliography TEXT SOURCES: 1

http://www.wentworthstudio.com/historic-styles/georgian/

IMAGE SOURCES; 9.a

https://m1.behance.net/rendition/modules/31182409/disp/ 9c8216627799a609fc32e19eb24faef4.jpg

9.b

http://www.d21.com.br/_files/view.php/tinymce/resize/500x500// var/www/vhosts/d21.com.br/httpdocs/_files/tinymce/images/1dcc3fd986917401e3cc44bd7210f392.jpg

victoria wetzelberger

vwetzelberger@gmail.com 443.523.0118

Philadelphia University College of Architecture + The Built Environment Design Capstone Research + Development Professor Lisa Phillips 2014 -2015