B.Arch Thesis_2008

LIBRARY PARK

Victor John

A thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the degree of

Bachelor of Architecture

School of Architecture and Design ASSUMPTION UNIVERSITY 2008

Thesis Approved:

Date

A. Pisit Viriyavadhana, DEAN

Date

A. Vasin Thammanuban, Chairperson

Date

A.Pakorn Mahapant, Thesis Supervisor

Library Park

Victor John 71 pages

25 March 2009

The research begins with the interested point on unused space under flyovers in Bangkok. Being a mega city, there are many vacant under flyovers in Bangkok. I have studied around the flyovers and under spaces in Major area in Bangkok. The data collection includes bridge technology, characters, neighboring community’s impression, noise study, air quality survey, traffic information, environment concern and community development. There are three case studies to support the interested issue. I believe that those leftover space could be transformed into educational and recreational space, a place where we can enjoy , relax and learn at the same time, the library park.

Thesis Approved:

Date

A. Pisit Viriyavadhana, DEAN

Date

A. Vasin Thammanuban, Chairperson

Date

A.Pakorn Mahapant, Thesis Supervisor

Acknowledgement In the first place I would like to record my gratitude to my advisor Mr. Parkorn Mahapant for his supervision, advice, and guidance from the very early stage of this research as well as giving me extraordinary experiences through out the work. Above all and the most needed, he provided me constant encouragement and support in various ways.

I gratefully acknowledge A.Paz for your structural advice in my design. To all my instructors, who taught me in School of Architecture and Design Assumption University, I will always remember what I have learned from the school.

Many thanks go in particular to, Davy, Sashine, Chin Chin, Beaver , Fluek , Hseng Hom, Gibbie. I shall never forget your helps.

I convey special acknowledgement to my Bishop Sotero Phamo for your guides, advice and supports. It is a pleasure to express my gratitude wholeheartedly to my sponsors and SSS for financial supports through out the program.

Where would I be without my family? My parents deserve special mention for their inseparable support and prayers. My Dad, in the first place is the person who put the fundament my learning character, showing me the joy of intellectual pursuit ever since I was a child. My Mom is the one who sincerely raised me with her caring and gently love.

Words fail me to express my appreciation to you, Mon. Thank you for the times that we have been together. We always do things together. I owe you for being unselfishly let your intelligence, passions, and ambitions collide with mine.

Finally, I would like to thank everybody who was important to the successful realization of thesis, as well as expressing my apology that I could not mention personally one by one.

Thank you Lord for your ultimate blessings.

Victor John

i

Table of Contents Page Acknowledgement List of Figure List of Table

i iv vii

Chapter 1: Thesis Introduction 1.1 Background of Interest 1.2 Issue of Interest 1.3 Objective of Proposal 1.4 Hypothesis of Proposal 1.5 Definition of Terms 1.6 Research Outline

1 1 2 2 3 3

Chapter 2: Primary Study 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 Analysis 2.3 Evaluation 2.4 Synthesis 2.5 Abstract 2.6 Thesis Statement

4 11 12 13 13 13

Chapter 3 : Contextual Proposition 3.1 District Selection 3.2 Site Selection

14 15

Chapter 4 : Potential Design Response 4.1 Design Scope 4.2 User Programming 4.3 Organization Structure 4.4 Activities/ Space 4.5 Space Summary

22 24 25 26 27

Chapter 5 : Case Study 5.1 Case Study 1 5.2 Case Study 2 5.3 Case Study 3

29 30 33

Chapter 6 : Design Schematics 6.1 Concept Development 6.2 Design Development

36 38 ii

Chapter 7 : Construction Particular 7.1 Building Technology 7.2 Building Code

44 48

Chapter 8 : Site Analysis 8.1 Site Exiting 8.2 Site Suggestion 8.3 Organization

50 51 51

Chapter 9 : Design Methodology 9.1 System Analysis 9.2 Conclusion

52 54

Chapter 10 : Preliminary Design 10.1 Design Schematic 1 10.2 Design Schematic 2

55 56

Chapter 11 : Final Production 11.1 Layout Plan 11.2 Plans 11.3 Elevations 11.4 Section s 11.5 Perspectives

57 58 61 64 66

Bibliography

68

Appendix: Presentation Board

70

iii

List of Figures Page Figure 1.1: Area View : Mega City Bangkok Figure 1.2: Leftover spaces under flyovers Figure 2.1: Bangkok Expressway Map Figure 2.2: Frequency and Audibility Figure 2.3: Rama III-Chaleom Maha Nakhon Junction Figure 2.4: Taksin Bridge-BTS-Thongburi Flyover and Surrounding Area Figure 2.5: Eakkami- Petchaburi Junction Figure 2.6: sirinakaran-Rama 9 Junction Figure 2.7 : Rama 9-Ramkhanhaeng Junction Figure 2.8 : Yogyakarta, Indonesia Figure 2.9 : Klong Toey, Eakkami Bangkok Figure 2.10 : Hotel Next to Train Station, Japan Figure 2.12 : Miami Overpass, Florida , USA Figure 2.13 : Structure of Flyovers Figure 2.14 : Day lighting under Flyovers Figure 2.15: Empty Space to Develop Figure 2.16 : Pollution around Flyovers Figure 2.17 : Conceptual Proposal Figure 3.1 : Bangkapi District Figure 3.2 : Phar Kanom District Figure 3.3 : Thongburi, Bang Rak Districts Figure 3.4 : Rama 9 – Ramkhanhaeng Junction Figure 3.5 ; Near Onnut BTS station Figure 3.6 : Opposite site on the Chaophaya River bank , Taksin BTS Station Figure 3.7 : Sun and Wind Direction Figure 3.8 : Pedestrian Access and Circulation Figure 3.9 : Circulation Diagram iv

1 2 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 14 15 16 17 18 18 19

Figure 3.10 : Looking from site towards Bangkok Figure 3.11: Looking from the highway bridge towards piers Figure 3.12: Looking from the highway bridge along Chaophaya river view Figure 3.13 : Looking from the pedestrian bridge towards Chaophaya river Figure 3.14 : Current Activity on the site : under flyover bridges Figure 3. 15 : Looking from the big stairs towards surrounding area Figure 3.16 : Current activities on the site , looking from the riverbank Figure 3.17 : Current Site condition and its surrounding panorama view Figure 4.1 Design Scope Figure 4.2 : Active and Passive Figure 4.3 : Organizing programs and activity Figure 4.4 : Landscape Design Data Figure 4.5 : Library Design Data Figure 4.6 : Library Space Design General Data Figure 5.1 : Plan, Models and Drawings of 836 Overpass Community Center Figure 5.2 Birdseye view plan of Bryant Park Figure 5.3 : Outdoor reading room, Bryant Park , New York Figure 5.4 : Book stacks in Bryant Park Figure 5.5 : Atmosphere in Reading Area Figure 5.6 : Exterior view looking from the street , Seattle Library Figure 5. 7 : Schematic design and interior, atmosphere of Seattle library Figure 6.1 and 6.2 Ancient Thai Monastery Education Figure 6.3 and 6.4 Typical Thai Lifestyle in the ancient time Figure 6.5 : Thai House on the river bank Figure 6.6 : Temple on the river bank Figure 6.7 : Site Strategy Figure 6.8 : People movement study Figure 6.9 ; Activity flow Figure 6.10 : Conceptual site study with activity and movements Figure 6.11 : Conceptual Design Development Figure 6.12 : Conceptual Model Arial View v

19 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 23 26 26 28 28 29 29 31 32 33 33 34 35 36 37 37 37 38 39 39 40 40 41

Figure 6.13 : Closer view , conceptual model Figure 6.14 : Perspective view of Conceptual Model Figure 6.15 and 6. 16 Birdseye view of Conceptual Model Figure 7.1 : IIT Student Center , Chicago Figure 7.2 : IIT Center Floor Plan Figure 7.2 and 7.3 : Interior of Student Center ( The tube ) Figure 7.4 Construction process of IIT Student Center Figure 7.5 : Demonstration of Seismic Isolation Method Figure 8.1 Site Area Figure 8.2 : Site Suggestion Figure 8.3 : Organization Figure 8.4 Function Diagram Figure 9.1 : Design Methodology Figure 10.1 : Design Schematic 1 Figure 10.2 : Design Schematic 2 Figure 11.1 : Layout Plans Figure 11.2 : Ground Floor Plan Figure 11.3 : First Floor and Roof Plans Figure 11.4 : Elevation and Sections Figure 11.4.2 : Structural Detail Figure 11. 5 Perspectives

vi

42 42 43 44 45 45 46 48 50 51 51 51 53 55 56 57 59 60 61 65 66

List of Tables

Table 2.1: General information of flyovers in Bangkok Table 2.2: Air Quality in Bangkok Table 2.3: Noise Reducing System Table 2.4: Statistic Data of Population Desirability to Develop 2007 Table 3.1 : Site Selection Comparison Table 4.1 User programming Table 4.2 : Organization Structure 1 Table 4.3 Organization Structure 2 Table 4. 4 : Weekday Activities Table 4.5 : Weekend Activities Table 4.6 : Space Summary Table 7.1 : Zoning Regulation

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Page 4 5 6 7 17 24 25 25 26 26 27 49

1

Chapter 1 : Thesis Introduction

1.1 Background of Interest Bangkok is one of the mega cities in the world ranked as the world's 15th largest metropolitan capital. Over the past decades, expressway and flyovers had been constructed in Bangkok for a better solution for traffic and transportation. One of the side effects is that there are many left over space under those flyovers. In the past, those areas become the home for homeless people and the places that create crimes. As a result, surrounding neighborhood and community were scared of those spaces.

Figure 1.1: Area View : Mega City Bangkok

1.2 Issue of Interest I would like to add a new value to left-over spaces under the expressway. I would like to change the negative perception towards those areas into positive perception. .Therefore I would like to propose educational facilities under the flyover for the youth and community development.

2

Figure 1.2: Leftover Space under Flyovers

1.3 Objective of proposal 1. to utilize the unused space under flyovers for youth and community development 2. to provide an alternative public space for education and recreation

1.4 Hypothesis of Proposal ** How to reclaim the left-over space under the Flyover as a public space for surrounding community and for the youth of Bangkok **

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1.5 Definition of term Flyover (overpass) : a high-level overpass that crosses over a highway interchange or intersection Alternative

: Outside the establishment or mainstream, and often presented as being less institutionalized or conventional, or more natural or economical with resources.

Library

: Place where books are kept.

A room, building, or institution where a collection of books or other research materials is kept.A collection of books, newspapers, records, tapes, or other materials those are valuable for research.

Library Park

: An alternative library combined with sport facilities and reading areas, a casual library in the park.

1.6 Research Outline In order to achieve my research gold I have set up the following steps.

- Find the information from web and library - Site Visit / Taking photos / Analysis - Program Study

4

- Material Study -

Design development

Chapter 2 : Primary Study

2.1

Data Collection

Necessary data such as , highways construction , flyovers types , case studies , statistics data of youth who do not want to work is collected from NSO, National Statistics Office of Thailand , TCDC library , ABAC library and online resources.

Table 2.1: General Information of Flyovers in Bangkok

5

Type of Flyover 1. Metal Structure Easy to construct but hard to maintain 2. Concrete Structure Complicated in construction but more easy to maintain in long term

BANGKOK

EXPRESSWAY

Figure 2.1 : Bangkok Expressway Map

MAP

6

Table 2.2 : Air Quality in Bangkok

Table 2.3 : Noise Reducing System

Figure 2.2 Frequency and Audibility

7

Table 2.4 : Statistic Data of Population Desirability to Develop 2007

Current situation Under Flyovers and Surrounding Area in Major Area around Bangkok Site Study

Figure 2.3: Rama III-Chaleom Maha Nakhon Junction

8

Figure 2.4: Taksin Bridge-BTS-Thongburi Flyover and Surrounding Area

Figure 2.5: Eakkami- Petchaburi Junction

9

Figure 2.6: sirinakaran-Rama 9 Junction

Figure 2.7 : Rama 9-Ramkhanhaeng Junction

10

Utilizing Leftover Space Under Flyovers around the World

Figure 2.8 : Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Figure 2.9 : Klong Toey, Eakkami Bangkok

Figure 2.10 : Hotel Next to Train Station, Japan

Figure 2. 11 Under Highway Bridge Development, Program , Singapore

Figure 2.12 : Miami Overpass, Florida , USA

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2.2 Analysis Type of Flyovers : Concrete Structure Vacant underneath : small / medium / large Enclosed faรงade Bangkok Vs Other Cities Many empty space under flyovers are unutilized/ utilized but not effective/ Many potential area to develop

SWOT analysis

Strengths - Possibility to use existing structure - Closed to architecture space - Sun shading - Energy sources ( water and electricity ) Figure 2.13 : Structure of Flyovers Weakness

Limited space Low level of natural light Negative impact from neighboring community

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Figure 2.14 : Day lighting under Flyovers Opportunity - Possibility to transform into public space - Environmental sustainability - Education - Community and youths development

Figure 2.15: Empty Space to Develop Threats - Traffic - Poor Air quality - Noise from vehicles - Waste and garbage Figure 2.16 : Pollution around Flyovers

2.3 Evaluation Empty land under flyover can be transformed into a useful public space. Most of the space under flyover seems to serve for public. But there is not much maintenance. Some space is only for recreational purpose with less activity. The activities are changing by time. Programs are not organized very well. It does not much benefit to the neighborhood community.

Therefore the proposed facility is Library Park , a flexible space, an alternative ground, the combination between inside and outside relationship to provide educational recreation space.

13

2.4 Synthesis Data Collection for the research began with statistics information about existing flyovers. To understand more, case studies around the world were found. By combining and contrasting, extracting the information, the contextual approach of this research reaches to the facility proposal.

Figure 2.17 : Conceptual Proposal

2.5 Abstract The research begins with the interested point on unused space under flyovers in Bangkok. There are many vacant under flyovers in Bangkok. The data collection includes bridge technology, characters, neighboring community’s impression, noise study, air quality survey, traffic information, and environment concern and community development. There are three case studies to support the interested issue.

2.6 Thesis Statement ** The space under flyovers can be utilized into an educational recreation space, which can benefit youth development and social well being. **

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Chapter 3 : Contextual Proposition 3.1

District Selection Selected districts are Bangkapi, Phra Kanom and Thonburi districts. These districts are of high

density population with heterogeneous identity in social and economic.

`

Figure 3.1 : Bangkapi District

Figure 3.2 : Phar Kanom District

Figure 3.3 : Thongburi, Bang Rak Districts

15

3.2

Site Selection Site selection criteria are as follows : 1. Along the BTS / MRT line 2. Easy access / Walking distance from mass transit system 3. High density area 4. Connected land area under flyover bridge

Figure 3.4 : Rama 9 – Ramkhanhaeng Junction

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Figure 3.5 ; Near Onnut BTS station

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Figure 3.6 : Opposite site on the Chaophaya River bank , Taksin BTS Station

Table 3.1 : Site Selection Comparison

Site Analysis Selected site is located on the other site of Chaophaya river bank, across Taksin BTS station.

Surrounding area includes shopping centers, hotels, temples, office buildings, condominiums, playgrounds, river front, BTS stations, parking, connecting bridges and boat piers.

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Figure 3.7 : Sun and Wind Direction

Figure 3.8 : Pedestrian Access and Circulation

19

Figure 3.9 : Circulation Diagram

Site conditions

Figure 3.10 : Looking from site towards Bangkok

20

Figure 3.11: Looking from the highway bridge towards piers

Figure 3.12: Looking from the highway bridge along Chaophaya river view

Figure 3.13 : Looking from the pedestrian bridge towards Chaophaya river

21

Figure 3.14 : Current Activity on the site : under flyover bridges

Figure 3. 15 : Looking from the big stairs towards surrounding area

Figure 3.16 : Current activities on the site , looking from the riverbank

Figure 3.17 : Current Site condition and its surrounding panorama view

22

Chapter 4 : Potential Design Response 4.1 Design Scope

Library Park

In the past, library is for a place to study. In the ancient time in Asia, people go to learn in monastery. Library is in the monastery for the public. Now library is a place to learn and relax. It is for everyone. Library Park is the place where we can enjoy reading and doing sports. The two different programs have integrated into one place, the weaving .The target groups are surrounding community, family, youth and adult, elder and child as well as office workers and visitors. The project mainly focuses on entertainment, education, culture and recreation.

23

Figure 4.1 Design Scope

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4.2 User Programming

Table 4.1 User programming

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4.2 Organization Structure

Table 4.2 : Organization Structure 1

Table 4.3 Organization Structure 2

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Figure 4.2 : Active and Passive

4.4 Activity and Space The following tables show the current activity in the site during weekday and weekend.

Table 4. 4 : Weekday Activities

Table 4.5 : Weekend Activities

27

Figure 4.3 : Organizing programs and activity

4.5 Space Summary The following table shows the space summary for the design program.

Table 4.6 : Space Summary

Existing site area = 31,200 sqm Park and Green area = 8196.65 sqm

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Space Summary Design Data ( From Matrix Design Data )

Figure 4.4 : Landscape Design Data

Figure 4.5 : Library Design Data

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Figure 4.6 : Library Space Design General Data

Chapter 5 : Case Study 5.1 Case Study 1

836 Overpass Miami , Florida USA Office DA architects

Figure 5.1 : Plan, Models and Drawings of 836 Overpass Community Center

30

I have chosen this case study to understand more about the programs and activities which response to the surrounding. In this case study I found out that Office DA is trying to connect from one side of the city with the other side by adding programs under the high way bridge.

The 836 Overpass is a unique feature of one of Miami’s most traveled highways. As it crosses the Miami River, the highway dramatically rises to great heights to allow for the masts of sailboats to pass below. The space created underneath the highway is of monumental dimensions; it could be described as a hypostyle hall had it not been so utilizing in character. The highway overpass is also adjacent to two significant public institutions: the Orange Bowl and the Dade County Courthouse. A redesigned 836 Overpass uses the existing highway as a means of connecting these public buildings to Miami River.

On the north bank of the river, the unusual height of the highway provides an opportunity for creating a public hall. This screened space, which accommodates activities associated with the river, such as market and boat storage, serves to define a public square across the courthouse. On the south bank of the river, the underbelly of the highway is programmed with a parking garage and recreational facilities. They serve the proposed athletic complex and the adjacent stadium.

5.2 Case Study 2 Bryant Park Manhattan, New York This case study is chosen to learn more about outdoor library, its cause and effects and how it participates in urban flow.

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Figure 5.2 Birdseye view plan of Bryant Park

Bryant Park is located in Midtown Manhattan, between 39th and 42nd Streets on the Avenue of Americas (Sixth Avenue), and it is a beautiful and peaceful retreat amidst the city hustle and bustle. In the summer Bryant Park offers many free delights for both regulars and tourists, including adults and children. There are many activities such as reading, movie watching, T'ai Chi, cultural enlightenment, and much more.

On the entertainment side, visitors to the park can partake in the Bryant Park Summer Film Festival, the Good Morning American Concert Series, and Broadway in Bryant Park. The film festival runs from June 18th through August 20th and is free for all, every Monday night; weather permitting, beginning at sunset. Classic films are show on a huge screen as a sea of folks spread out blankets and picnic baskets on the lawn, ready to watch the great stars under the stars.

In the park, the outdoor library is formed. Books are on movable book stacks. The books can be taken around the park , and after reading the readers can left the books in the nearest book stacks. In

32

order to control the security, and preservation of books, there is some limitation around reading area.

The users have to enter from one side of the entrance in order to access the reading area. The book stacks are movable and equipped with waterproof covering. If there is raining, or a sign of rain, the staffs move the book stacks into the roof-cover area, and at the same time, cover the book stacks with its waterproof coverings. The reading park open from 9 : 00 am to 5 : 00 pm.

Figure 5.3 : Outdoor reading room, Bryant Park , New York

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Figure 5.4 : Book stacks in Bryant Park

Figure 5.5 : Atmosphere in Reading Area

5.3 Case Study 3 Seattle Public Library Seattle Washington, USA Rem Koolhaas / OMA architects I picked up this case study to understand more about the new perspective on library, its nature and how it benefits to the public.

Situated on a sloping site between 4th and 5th street the new library has entrances on both street levels.

The entrance level on 4th Street, one of Seattle's main thoroughfares, houses the Children's Library and foreign-language resources. Rows of escalators lead to the 5th Street "Living Room" lobby located under a 50-foot-high sloping glass wall. The lobby can also be reached directly from a covered walkway than runs the length of the 5th Avenue facade.

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Figure 5.6 : Exterior view looking from the street , Seattle Library Koolhaas sees the new library as a custodian of the book, a showcase for new information, a place for thought, discussion and reflection - a dynamic presence.

The fact that the contents of a whole library can be stored on a single chip, or the fact that a single library can now store the digital content of all libraries, together represent potential rethinking: new forms of storage enable the space dedicated to real books to be contained; new forms of reading enhance the aura of the real book. The first operation has been the "combining" and consolidation of the apparently ungovernable proliferation of programs and media. By combining like with like, the architect has identified five platforms, each a programmatic cluster that is architecturally defined and equipped for maximum, dedicated performance. Because each platform is designed for a unique purpose, they are different in size, density, opacity. The in-between spaces are like trading floors where librarians inform

35

and stimulate, where the interface between the different platforms is organized - spaces for work, interaction, and play.

Figure 5. 7 : Schematic design and interior, atmosphere of Seattle library

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Chapter 6 : Design Schematics 6.1 Concept Development

I would like to create a new landmark that connects Thongburi with central Bangkok by promoting the left over space under the Taksin BTS and Highway Bridge. Library Park will provide a new dimension in public outdoor library and participate in urban trend.

The inspiration for the schematic development comes from the ancient learning center , the library in the monastery and the typical style of Thai way of life.

Figure 6.1 and 6.2 Ancient Thai Monastery Education

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Figure 6.3 and 6.4 Typical Thai Lifestyle in the ancient time

Figure 6.5 : Thai House on the river bank

Figure 6.6 : Temple on the river bank

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6.2 Design Development The site is located in very strategic location surrounded by high rise buildings such as hotels and condominium. Since it is in the high density area, different class of people and culture are mixed together. I take that fact as an advantage to get visual connection with the site and its surrounding.

Figure 6.7 : Site Strategy

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Figure 6.8 : People movement study

Figure 6.9 ; Activity flow

40

Figure 6.10 : Conceptual site study with activity and movements

Figure 6.11 : Conceptual Design Development

41

Conceptual Models

Figure 6.12 : Conceptual Model Arial View

I come up with a conceptual model that could demonstrate the idea of Library Park. There is a central circulation and green area at the center of the site., with sport activities on both sides. I would like to provide new programs on the main axis. The green belt can serve as an alternative circulation through the park. The activities and library are integrated and visually connected.

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Figure 6.13 : Closer view , conceptual model

Figure 6.14 : Perspective view of Conceptual Model

43

Figure 6.15 and 6. 16 Birdseye view of Conceptual Model

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Chapter 7 : Construction Particulars 7.1 Building Technology In the site, there are two main concern. The first one is the noise from the highway bridges , BTS and Boats, the second one is the vibration from the bridges. The other concern is air quality and ventilation. Light and wind are the other factors for design consideration.

I studied sound and noise reduction technique used in IIT student center project. Architect Ram Koolhaas designed a typical steel tube to reduce the noise from the train. So the student center right underneath of the rail track is less affected by noise and students can enjoy staying there. The following are the information about IIT Student center in Chicago.

Figure 7.1 : IIT Student Center , Chicago

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Figure 7.2 : IIT Center Floor Plan

Figure 7.2 and 7.3 : Interior of Student Center ( The tube and building are with separate structures )

46

Figure 7.4 Construction process of IIT Student Center

47

Study of Development of the sound-and-vibration-proofing method Suspended Seismic Isolation Method JR East and Takenaka Corporation have jointly developed the "suspended seismic isolation method" which allows realization of a high quality living environment under elevated railway tracks, where noise and vibrations generated by trains have been a large issue. In this suspended seismic isolation method, a frame of steel supporting posts and beams is created at the posts of a viaduct, and from that frame, a structure is suspended by suspension materials equipped with rubber cushions at the top and bottom. The suspended building slowly swings to the sides when an earthquake occurs or when a strong wind blows so that it can largely reduce the horizontal force that would affect the building or the viaduct.

This is a special engineering method, in which a structure is suspended from a viaduct, and it is a civil engineering structure; therefore, an independent structural safety examination based on various technical standards for both the suspending and suspended materials.

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Figure 7.5 : Demonstration of Seismic Isolation Method

7.2 Building Codes The site is in Thongburi district, which has high density population. The color code is brown. The following table shows the zoning regulations of ‘ brown color’.

49

Table 7.1 : Zoning Regulation

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Chapter 8 :Site Analysis

8.1 Site Existing

Figure 8.1 Site Area

51

8.2 Site Suggestion

Figure 8.2 Site Collage

8.3 Organization

Figure 8.4 Function Diagram

Figure 8.3 3D model Bridges

52

Chapter 9 : Design Methodology System Analysis

Site ----------- Existing Circulation ------------------

Linkage between Thongburi and Bangkok

Regenerate the leftover space under the bridges in to public main circulation . . .

Inspired by Chaophaya river . …. Thai Art and culture . ……

Library Park

53

Figure 9.1 Conceptual Design Developments

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9.2 Conclusion In this research I am trying to fine the benefits of utilizing leftover spaces under highway bridges or flyovers. My interest came from the increasing demand of urban space and land value as well as sustainable purpose. Therefore I have collected necessary information about leftover spaces and followed the research methods. My hypothesis is that the space under flyovers can be turned into an attractive public space that can benefit the surrounding community. After following the continuous research process and study, I could finally reach the thesis statement that “the space under flyovers can be utilized into an educational recreation space, which can benefit youth development and social well being.�

I have chosen the study site on the river bank of Chaophaya river, opposite site of Taksin BTS station. I would like to transform the place into an attractive outdoor library park which will promote the knowledge of the surrounding community and a new landmark to connect Thongburi with Central Bangkok. I’m trying to convince the idea through design process and final design execution.

In conclusion, the Library Park is the place where we can go and relax at the same time we gain knowledge and value our culture.

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Chapter 10 : Preliminary Design 10.1 Design Schematic 1

Figure 10.1 Design Developments 1

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10.2 Design Schematic 2

Figure 10.2 Design Developments 2

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Chapter 11 : Final Production 11. 1. Layout Plan

Layout Plan ( Neighborhood scale )

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11.2 Plans

Site Plan ( Urban Scale )

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60

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11.3 Elevations

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63

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11.4 Sections

65

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11.5 Perspectives

Figure 11.1 Outdoor Perspective 1

Figure 11. 2 Outdoor Perspective 2

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Figure 11. 3 and Figure 11. 4 Interior Perspectives

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Appendix : Presentation Board

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