GUIDE TO LAND IMAGING SATELLITES

ASPRS GUIDE TO LAND IMAGING SATELLITES Updated for the

NOAA Commercial Remote Sensing Symposium Key Trends and Challenges in the Global Marketplace 9/12-13-14/06

W. E. Stoney Mitretek Systems Wstoney@mitretek.org

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INTRODUCTION Purpose • This report is maintained to assist the federal agencies in planning for future data acquisition programs and to make the broader remote sensing user community aware of just how ubiquitous imaging the Earth from space has become.

•

17 countries have mid to hi resolution satellites in orbit

– By the end of the decade there will be 24 countries involved.

Background • This survey was initiated under MITRE/Mitretek contracts with NASA and the USGS in support of the 1995 ASPRS Satellite Conference. NOAA supported development of a data base web site and an updating in the 2002 period. It is not currently available.

Sources • All of the data are from open sources, all of the systems are defined as civil; the majority of the systems have web sites that contain detailed descriptions of the satellites and their sensors. Googling will find them and locate relevant news items.

• While the system definitions remain constant once announced the launch dates are highly volatile . History has shown that few satellites launch within 6 months of their initial launch date.

Data Availability • All the systems in this report are described as “civil” with the implication (usually stated) that the data would be made available commercially.

Current availability is provided on the web sites.

Note • In comparing systems be aware that the quality of the radiometry is usually not available and is a variable that may be important for specific uses.

• While the swath widths indicate the area per orbit viewable by the satellite it does not indicate how much data the satellite can actually acquire. This is a function of the number of ground stations, the size, if any, of the onboard recorder and other technical limitations.

Corrections and/or additions will be gratefully accepted

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OVERVIEW •

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This guide includes all civil land imaging satellites with resolutions equal to or better than 39 meters (+ one 57 m sensor) in orbit or currently planned to be in orbit by 2011.

– Optical, 31 in orbit, 27 planned – Radar, 4 in orbit, 9 planned, all foreign The optical systems can be divided into 2 hi and 3 medium resolution groups – 13 very hi (.41to1m) and 9 hi (1.8 to 2.5m) – 14 hi medium (4 to 8m), 10 medium (10 to 20m) and 7 low medium (30 to 56 m) They have greatly different coverage capabilities.

– Very-hi-res swaths are 8 to 28 kilometers, – Nearly all medium res swaths are between 60 to 185 Km except for the DMC’s 600 Km and AWIFS 740 Km swaths There are four privately funded systems in orbit, 3 US and 1 Israeli, all focused on the hi-res military market. A 5th commercial system, RapidEye of Germany, plans to serve a broad area of applications with a 5 microsatellite constellation The planned European satellites are labeled “Dual Purpose” meaning that their data will serve both military and civil users. How the tasking will be shared has not been revealed.

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Satellite Data for Science: Potential and Problems Potential • For scientists and policy makers interested in understanding land cover and land use change on the global continental, and regional scales the broad area coverage multispectral satellites similar to Landsat will probably be the most useful.

• See the “Coverage” table to identify the 16 current and 11 planned broad area coverage satellites.

• The German commercial RapidEye 5 satellite system’s 6.5 meter 5 VNIR bands and weekly coverage could make it a major science tool by itself • The 0.5 to 1 meter satellites should be able to provide much of the required land cover ground truth data, increasing the ease of global studies.

Problems • Landsat 7 is the only one of these satellites programmed to collect and archive 4 sets of global land images every year. It is the only program that makes all of its data available to all for the cost of reproduction. (CBERS2 data are free to all Brazilians) • There is no current or planned source of meta data on the scenes acquired by even this subset of satellites.

• There is no international agreement that would encourage global acquisition programs for scientific use.

• If all of these data are to be scientifically useful the international science community must aggressively pursue data interpretation comparability and cal/val studies.

• The good news is that the USGS, NASA and NGA are cooperating on calibrating, validating and assessing the scientific utility of the commercial satellites and a growing number of the foreign systems.

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ADDITIONAL DATA (NOT IN CHARTS)

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Israel considers commercial sale of Ofeq imagery – This would add another 1 meter commercial satellite

•

China has made several recent announcements: – Surrey has turned over Beijing -1 to China who announced that they “are now ready to commence a new era of commercial [Earth observation] services for our customers” – A high resolution stereo imaging satellite is in the study phase • Pan at 2.5 and 5 meters • MS at 10 meters

– A small-sat satellite constellation for environmental and disaster monitoring in the next 6 years • 2007: 2 optical 30 meter MS with 720 Km swath & 100 M hyperspectral with 50 Km swath • 2008: A 5 meter synthetic aperture radar (see charts for details on both systems) • Plans call for a constellation of 8 optical and 4 radars by 2010 or later if international partners are found

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A GUIDE TO THE CHARTS •

Tables of all satellites by launch date, country, resolution and swath (optical only). Note – The shear number of active and planned systems – The microsat revolution generated almost single handily by SSTL and the resulting number of small countries paying to play – That there are no US civil radar satellites

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History of the number of satellites since 1999 – Shows the rapid increase due to the microsat constellations of DMC and RapidEye – Note number of radar satellites

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Hi-Res schedule – Note that 8 countries are involved and the very aggressive plans for 1 meter radar in Europe

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Mid-Res schedule – There are 23 countries funding satellites.

– Germany’s RapidEye is the only commercial system.

– Look again at the SSTL presence

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Spatial coverage – Illustrates the scene coverage relative to Landsat’s 185 x 170 Km scene. Chart courtesy of the USGS

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Spectral coverage – Shows the spectral location and range of the bands.

Note the similarity of the spectral band widths – Not shown, RapidEye’s 6 and WorldView’s 8 VNIR bands

Note: The 3 resolution & swath tables have not been updated 6

CURRENT AND PLANNED, 36 M & BETTER, LAND IMAGING SATELLITES SATELLITE Landsat 5 SPOT-2 ERS-2 RadarSat 1 IRS 1C IRS 1D SPOT-4 Landsat 7 IKONOS-2 TERRA (ASTER) ARIRANG-1 (KOMPSAT-1) EO-1 EROS A1 QuickBird-2 Proba ENVISAT SPOT-5 DMC AlSat-1 (SSTL) OrbView 3 DMC NigeriaSat-1 (SSTL) DMC BilSat (SSTL) DMC UK (SSTL) IRS ResourceSat-1 CBERS-2 FormoSat (RocSat2) ThaiPhat (SSTL) IRS Cartosat 1 MONITOR-E -1 Beijing-1 (SSTL) TopSat (SSTL) ALOS ALOS EROS B1 Resurs DK-1 (01-N5) Arirang-2 (KOMPSAT-2) TerraSAR X RazakSat* VinSat-1 (SSTL) Sumbandilasat RadarSat 2 RISAT IRS Cartosat 2 GeoEye-1 RapidEye-A RapidEye-B RapidEye-C RapidEye-D RapidEye-E CBERS-2B THOES HJ-1-A HJ-1-B WorldView -1 COSMO-Skymed-1 HJ-1-C EROS C X-Sat CBERS-3 COSMO-Skymed-2 WorldView -2 Venus TerraSAR L COSMO-Skymed-3 Alsat-2A IRS ResourceSat-2 Pleiades-1 COSMO-Skymed-4 TanDem-X Alsat-2B CBERS-4 Spain Sat Pleiades-2 LDCM Radar

COUNTRY US France ESA Canada India India France US US Japan/US Korea US Israel US ESA ESA France Algeria US Nigeria Turkey UK India China/Brazil Taiwan Thailand India Russia China UK Japan Japan Israel Russia Korea Germany Malyasia Vietnam South Africa Canada India India US Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany China/Brazil Thailand China China US Italy China Israel Singapore China/Brazil Italy US Israel/France Germany Italy Algeria India France Italy Germany Algeria China/Brazil Spain France US Commercial

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LAUNCH 03/01/84 01/22/90 04/21/95 11/04/95 12/28/95 09/29/97 03/24/98 04/15/99 09/24/99 12/15/99 12/20/99 11/21/00 12/05/00 10/18/01 10/22/01 03/01/02 05/04/02 11/28/02 06/26/03 09/27/03 09/27/03 09/27/03 10/17/03 10/21/03 04/20/04 12/01/04 05/04/05 08/26/05 10/27/05 10/27/05 01/24/06 01/24/06 04/25/06 06/15/06 07/28/06 10/31/06 11/01/06 11/01/06 12/12/06 12/15/06 01/30/07 03/15/07 03/16/07 06/01/07 06/01/07 06/01/07 06/01/07 06/01/07 06/15/07 06/30/07 07/01/07 07/01/07 07/01/07 11/12/07 03/01/08 03/21/08 04/16/08 05/01/08 05/01/08 07/01/08 08/01/08 08/15/08 11/01/08 12/01/08 12/15/08 03/01/09 05/01/09 06/30/09 12/01/09 07/01/10 07/01/10 09/01/10 07/01/11 * Near Equatorial Orbit

PAN RES. M 10.0 30.0 8.5 6.0 6.0 10.0 15.0 1.0 6.6 10.0 1.8 0.6 8.0 30.0 2.5 1.0 12.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 2.5 8.0 4.0 2.5 2.5 10.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 0.41

20.0 2.0

MS RES. M 30.0 20

23 23 20 30 4 15, 30, 90 30 2.5 18, 36 10 32 4 32 26 32 6, 23, 56 20 8 36 20 32 5 10

3 4 5 32 6.5

1.64 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 20 15 30, 100H 30,150,300

0.5 1.0 0.7 5.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.5 6.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 2.5 5.0 2.5 0.7 10.0

5, 20 2.5 10 20 1.8 5.3

10 6, 23, 56 2.8

10 20 2.8 30 Revised 9/7/06

LAND IMAGING SATELLITES BY COUNTRY SATELLITE DMC AlSat-1 (SSTL) Alsat-2A Alsat-2B RadarSat 1 RadarSat 2 Beijing-1 (SSTL) HJ-1-A HJ-1-B HJ-1-C CBERS-2 CBERS-2B CBERS-3 CBERS-4 ERS-2 Proba ENVISAT SPOT-2 SPOT-4 SPOT-5 Pleiades-1 Pleiades-2 TerraSAR X RapidEye-A RapidEye-B RapidEye-C RapidEye-D RapidEye-E TerraSAR L TanDem-X IRS 1C IRS 1D IRS ResourceSat-1 IRS Cartosat 1 RISAT IRS Cartosat 2 IRS ResourceSat-2 EROS A1 EROS B1 EROS C Venus COSMO-Skymed-1 COSMO-Skymed-2 COSMO-Skymed-3 COSMO-Skymed-4 ALOS ALOS TERRA (ASTER) ARIRANG-1 (KOMPSAT-1) Arirang-2 (KOMPSAT-2) RazakSat* DMC NigeriaSat-1 (SSTL) MONITOR-E -1 Resurs DK-1 (01-N5) X-Sat Sumbandilasat Spain Sat FormoSat (RocSat2) ThaiPhat (SSTL) THOES DMC BilSat (SSTL) DMC UK (SSTL) TopSat (SSTL) Landsat 5 Landsat 7 IKONOS-2 EO-1 QuickBird-2 OrbView 3 GeoEye-1 WorldView -1 WorldView -2 LDCM VinSat-1 (SSTL) Radar

COUNTRY Algeria Algeria Algeria Canada Canada China China China China China/Brazil China/Brazil China/Brazil China/Brazil ESA ESA ESA France France France France France Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany India India India India India India India Israel Israel Israel Israel/France Italy Italy Italy Italy Japan Japan Japan/US Korea Korea Malyasia Nigeria Russia Russia Singapore South Africa Spain Taiwan Thailand Thailand Turkey UK UK US US US US US US US US US US Vietnam Commercial

LAUNCH 11/28/02 12/01/08 12/01/09 11/04/95 12/15/06 10/27/05 07/01/07 07/01/07 03/01/08 10/21/03 06/15/07 05/01/08 07/01/10 04/21/95 10/22/01 03/01/02 01/22/90 03/24/98 05/04/02 03/01/09 09/01/10 10/31/06 06/01/07 06/01/07 06/01/07 06/01/07 06/01/07 08/15/08 06/30/09 12/28/95 09/29/97 10/17/03 05/04/05 01/30/07 03/15/07 12/15/08 12/05/00 04/25/06 03/21/08 08/01/08 11/12/07 05/01/08 11/01/08 05/01/09 01/24/06 01/24/06 12/15/99 12/20/99 07/28/06 11/01/06 09/27/03 08/26/05 06/15/06 04/16/08 12/12/06 07/01/10 04/20/04 12/01/04 06/30/07 09/27/03 09/27/03 10/27/05 03/01/84 04/15/99 09/24/99 11/21/00 10/18/01 06/26/03 03/16/07 07/01/07 07/01/08 07/01/11 11/01/06 * Near Equatorial Orbit

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PAN RES. M 2.5 2.5 8.5 3.0 4.0

20.0 20.0 5.0 5.0 30.0 8.0 30.0 10.0 10.0 2.5 0.7 0.7 1.0

MS RES. M 32 10 10

32 30, 100H 30,150,300 5, 20 20 20 20 20 18, 36 20 20 10 2.8 2.8 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5

1.0 1.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 2.5 3.0 1.0 6.0 1.8 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.5 10.0

23 23 6, 23, 56

6, 23, 56

2.5 5.3

10 15, 30, 90

6.6 1.0 2.5 8.0 1.0

2.5 2.0 2.0 12.0 2.5 15.0 1.0 10.0 0.6 1.0 0.41 0.5 0.5 10.0 4.0

4 5 32 20 3 10 6.5 8 36 15 26 32 5 30.0 30 4 30 2.5 4 1.64 1.8 30 32 Revised 9/7/06

OPTICAL LAND IMAGING SATELLITES BY BEST RESOLUTION SATELLITE

COUNTRY

LAUNCH

VERY HIGH RESOLUTION GeoEye-1 WorldView -1 WorldView -2 QuickBird-2 EROS B1 EROS C Pleiades-1 Pleiades-2 IKONOS-2 OrbView 3 Resurs DK-1 (01-N5) KOMPSAT-2 IRS Cartosat 2

US US US US Israel Israel France France US US Russia Korea India

03/16/07 07/01/07 07/01/08 10/18/01 04/25/06 03/21/08 07/01/08 07/01/09 09/24/99 06/26/03 06/15/06 07/28/06 08/15/06

HIGH RESOLUTION EROS A1 FormoSat (RocSat2) THOES SPOT-5 IRS Cartosat 1 TopSat (SSTL) ALOS RazakSat* Spain Sat

China Vietnam US China/Brazil China/Brazil India India India India Germany Korea South Africa ESA Russia

MEDIUM RESOLUTION

1.64

15 16 16 16 7 16 20 20 11 8 28 15 10

1.8 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 4 4 3 4

8 15 10 5 10 5

14 24 22, 90 120 30 10, 15 35, 70 ? ?

(4 TO 8 METERS) 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

32 32 5, 20 20 20 23 23 6, 23, 56 6, 23, 56 6.5 7.5 18, 36 20

600 600 12 60, 120 60, 120 70, 142 70, 142 24, 140,740 24, 140, 740 78 17 ?

14 94, 160

20 20 30 10 30 26 30 15, 30, 90 20 20

120 120 37 50 177 24, 52 185 60 113 113

30 32 36 32 32 56 56

185 600 600 600 600 740 740 Revised 7/6/06

6.6 8.0 8.0

(10 TO 20 METERS) 01/22/90 03/24/98 11/21/00 04/16/08 07/01/11 09/27/03 04/15/99 12/15/99 10/21/03 06/15/07

LOW MEDIUM RESOLUTION US Algeria Thailand Nigeria UK India India Commercial

SWATH KM

1.8 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

10/27/05 11/01/06 03/12/00 05/01/08 07/01/10 12/28/95 09/29/97 10/17/03 12/15/06 06/01/07 12/20/99 09/01/06 10/22/01 08/26/05

France France US Singapore US Turkey US Japan/US China/Brazil China/Brazil

Landsat 5 DMC AlSat-1 (SSTL) ThaiPhat (SSTL) DMC NigeriaSat-1 (SSTL) DMC UK (SSTL) IRS ResourceSat-1 AWIFS IRS ResourceSat-2 AWIFS

0.41 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

12/05/00 04/20/04 06/30/07 05/04/02 05/04/05 10/27/05 01/24/06 11/01/06 07/01/10

HIGH MEDIUM RESOLUTION

SPOT-2 SPOT-4 EO-1 X-Sat LDCM DMC BilSat (SSTL) Landsat 7 TERRA (ASTER) CBERS-2 CBERS-2B

MS RES. M

(1.8 TO 2.5 METERS)

Israel Taiwan Thailand France India UK Japan Malyasia Spain

Beijing-1 (SSTL) VinSat-1 (SSTL) MTI CBERS-3 CBERS-4 IRS 1C IRS 1D IRS ResourceSat-1 IRS ResourceSat-2 RapidEye-A,B,C,D,E KOMPSAT-1 R26m Proba MONITOR-E -1

PAN RES. M

( .41 TO 1 METERS)

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 12.0 15.0 20.0 20.0

(30 TO 56 METERS) 03/01/84 11/28/02 12/01/04 09/27/03 09/27/03 10/17/03 12/15/06

9

* Near Equatorial Orbit

OPTICAL LAND IMAGING SATELLITES BY MS RESOLUTION SATELLITE

COUNTRY

LAUNCH

PAN RES. M MS RES. M SWATH KM

HIGH RESOLUTION (1.64 TO 3 METERS) GeoEye-1 WorldView -2 QuickBird-2 EROS C Pleiades-1 Pleiades-2 Resurs DK-1 (01-N5)

US US US Israel France France Russia

03/16/07 07/01/08 10/18/01 03/21/08 07/01/08 07/01/09 06/15/06

HIGH MEDIUM RESOLUTION IKONOS-2 OrbView 3 KOMPSAT-2 TopSat (SSTL) RazakSat* MTI VNIR IRS ResourceSat-1 LISS-IV IRS ResourceSat-2 LISS-IV RapidEye-A,B,C,D,E R26m FormoSat (RocSat2)

US US Korea UK Malyasia US India India Germany South Africa Taiwan France Japan Singapore Thailand Japan/US ESA China/Brazil China/Brazil Russia France France China/Brazil China/Brazil US India India India India Turkey

1.0 1.0 1.0 2.5 2.5 6.0 6.0

US US US US Japan/US China Vietnam Algeria Nigeria UK Thailand India India Commercial

2.0

05/04/02 01/24/06 04/16/08 06/30/07 12/15/99 10/22/01 05/01/08 07/01/10 08/26/05 01/22/90 03/24/98 10/21/03 06/15/07 03/12/00 12/28/95 09/29/97 10/17/03 12/15/06 09/27/03 11/21/00 07/01/11 04/15/99 03/01/84 12/15/99 10/27/05 11/01/06 11/28/02 09/27/03 09/27/03 12/01/04 10/17/03 12/15/06

10

15 16 16 16 20 20 28

4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6.5 7.5 8

11 8 15 10, 15 ?

12 24 24 78 ?

24

10 10 10 15 15 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 23 23 23 23 26

120 35, 70 50 22, 90 60 14 60, 120 60, 120 94, 160 120 120 113 113 12 70, 142 70, 142 140 140 24, 52

(10 TO 26 METERS)

LOW MEDIUM RESOLUTION EO-1 LDCM Landsat 7 Landsat 5 TERRA (ASTER SWIR) Beijing-1 (SSTL) VinSat-1 (SSTL) DMC AlSat-1 (SSTL) DMC NigeriaSat-1 (SSTL) DMC UK (SSTL) ThaiPhat (SSTL) IRS ResourceSat-1 AWIFS IRS ResourceSat-2 AWIFS Radar

1.64 1.8 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 3

(4 TO 8 METERS)

09/24/99 06/26/03 07/28/06 10/27/05 11/01/06 03/12/00 10/17/03 12/15/06 06/01/07 09/01/06 04/20/04

MEDIUM RESOLUTION SPOT-5 ALOS X-Sat THOES TERRA (ASTER VNIR) Proba CBERS-3 CBERS-4 MONITOR-E -1 SPOT-2 SPOT-4 CBERS-2 CBERS-2B MTI VNIR TO TIR IRS 1C IRS 1D IRS ResourceSat-1 LISS-III+ IRS ResourceSat-2 LISS-III+ DMC BilSat (SSTL)

0.41 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0

2.5 2.5 2.0 8.0 5.0 5.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 6.0 6.0

12.0

(30 T0 56 METERS) 10.0 10.0 15.0

30 30 30 30 30 4.0 32 4.0 32 32 32 32 36 56 56 * Near Equatorial Orbit

37 177 185 185 60 600 600 600 600 600 600 740 740 Revised 7/6/06

OPTICAL LAND IMAGING SATELLITES BY SWATH LIMITED ANNUAL TOTAL GLOBAL COVERAGE CAPABILITY SATELLITE EROS B1 OrbView 3 IRS Cartosat 2 TopSat (SSTL) PAN IKONOS-2 MTI EROS A1 Proba KOMPSAT-2 TopSat (SSTL) MS GeoEye-1 WorldView -1 WorldView -2 QuickBird-2 EROS C KOMPSAT-1 Pleiades-1 Pleiades-2 THOES PAN IRS ResourceSat-1 LISS-IV IRS ResourceSat-2 LISS-IV FormoSat (RocSat2) DMC BilSat (SSTL) PAN Resurs DK-1 (01-N5) IRS Cartosat 1 ALOS PAN EO-1 X-Sat DMC BilSat (SSTL) MS CBERS-3 PAN CBERS-4 PAN TERRA (ASTER) IRS ResourceSat-1 LISS-IV IRS ResourceSat-2 LISS-IV ALOS MS IRS 1C PAN IRS 1D PAN THOES MS MONITOR-E -1 PAN

COUNTRY Israel US India UK US US Israel ESA Korea UK US US US US Israel Korea France France Thailand India India Taiwan Turkey Russia India Japan US Singapore Turkey China/Brazil China/Brazil Japan/US India India Japan India India Thailand Russia

LAUNCH 04/25/06 06/26/03 08/15/06 10/27/05 09/24/99 03/12/00 12/05/00 10/22/01 07/28/06 10/27/05 03/16/07 07/01/07 07/01/08 10/18/01 03/21/08 12/20/99 07/01/08 07/01/09 06/30/07 10/17/03 12/15/08 04/20/04 09/27/03 06/15/06 05/04/05 01/24/06 11/21/00 04/16/08 09/27/03 05/01/08 07/01/10 12/15/99 10/17/03 12/15/08 01/24/06 12/28/95 09/29/97 06/30/07 08/26/05

PAN RES. M 0.7 1.0 1.0 2.5 1.0

MS RES. M 4

4 5, 20

1.8 8.0 1.0

18, 36 4 5 1.64

0.41 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 6.6 0.7 0.7 2.0

1.8 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 6.0 6.0 8

2.0 12.0 1.0 2.5 2.5 10.0

3

30 10 26

5.0 5.0 15, 30, 90 6.0 6.0 10 6.0 6.0 15 8.0

SWATH KM 7 8 10 10 11 12 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 20 20 22 24 24 24 24 28 30 35 37 50 52 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 90 94

POTENTIAL FOR MULTIPLE MS CLOUD-FREE GLOBAL DATA SETS PER YEAR CBERS-2 CBERS-2B SPOT-5 CBERS-3 MS CBERS-4 MS SPOT-2 SPOT-4 IRS ResourceSat-1 LISS-III+ IRS ResourceSat-2 LISS-III+ IRS 1C MS IRS 1D MS MONITOR-E -1 MS LDCM Landsat 7 Landsat 5 RapidEye-A,B,C,D,E Beijing-1 (SSTL) VinSat-1 (SSTL) DMC AlSat-1 (SSTL) ThaiPhat (SSTL) DMC NigeriaSat-1 (SSTL) DMC UK (SSTL) IRS ResourceSat-1 AWIFS IRS ResourceSat-2 AWIFS Radar

China/Brazil China/Brazil France China/Brazil China/Brazil France France India India India India Russia US US US Germany China Vietnam Algeria Thailand Nigeria UK India India Commercial

10/21/03 06/15/07 05/04/02 05/01/08 07/01/10 01/22/90 03/24/98 10/17/03 12/15/08 12/28/95 09/29/97 08/26/05 07/01/11 04/15/99 03/01/84 06/01/07 10/27/05 11/01/06 11/28/02 12/01/04 09/27/03 09/27/03 10/17/03 12/15/08

11

20.0 20.0 2.5

10.0 10.0

10.0 15.0

4.0 4.0

* Near Equatorial Orbit

20 20 10 20 20 20 20 23 23 23 23 20 30 30 30 6.5 32 32 32 36 32 32 56 56

113 113 120 120 120 120 120 140 140 142 142 160 177 185 185 390 600 600 600 600 600 600 740 740 Revised 7/6/06

NUMBER OF OPTICAL & RADAR LAND IMAGING SATELLITES

50

RADAR(Italy,Germany,Chi na,India, ESA,Canada,Japan) Spain

45

Malyasia South Africa Algeria

40

DMC(Algeria,Nigeria,Turke y,Thailand,UK,China) UK

35

Thailand Singapore

30

Taiwan Germany

25

Israel ESA

20

China&China/Brazil Korea

15

Russia Japan&Japan/US

10

India France

5

USCOM USG

0 99 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 END OF YEAR 12

Lsat

NUMBER OF RADAR LAND IMAGING SATELLITES 12 10 CHINA

8

INDIA

JAPAN

6 ITALY

4

GERMANY

CANADA

2

ESA

0 99 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 END OF YEAR

13

Hi-Res Land Imaging Satellites

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 IKONOS-2 QuickBird-2 OrbView 3 GeoEye-1 WorldView 1 WorldView 2

OPTICAL Resolution

US 0.41M

EROS A1 EROS B EROS C

Israel

0.5 m

0.6 M

India

Cartosat-2 Pleiades-1 Pleiades-2

0.7 M

France 1.0 M

Resurs DK-1 Russia 1.8 M

Arirang-2 Korea RADAR

TerraSAR X TerraSAR L TanDEM X COSMO-Skymed-1 COSMO-Skymed-2 COSMO-Skymed-3 COSMO-Skymed-4

Germany

Italy

14

N

Mid-Res Land Imaging Satelli 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Landsat 5 Landsat 7 EO-1 LCDM SPOT-2 SPOT-4 SPOT-5 Venus

SINGAPORE

FRANCE

RadarSat-1 RadarSat-2 HJ-1-C ERS-2 ENVIASAT RISAT ALOS

Best Res. M

FRANCE / ISRAEL

2--2.5 3--5

INDIA

6--6.6 7--9 CHINA

10 CHINA & BRAZIL

12--15

20

RapidEye-A RapidEye-B RapidEye-C RapidEye-D RapidEye-E

MONITOR-E-1 TERRA (ASTER) ALOS THOES XSAT KOMPSAT-1 FormoSat (RocSat2) RazakSat Sumbandilsat SpainSat AISat-2A AISat-2B AlSat-1 NigeriaSat-1 BilSat UK ThaiPhat VinSat-1 TopSat

2012

US

IRS 1C IRS 1D ResourceSat-1 Cartosat-1 ResourceSat-2 Beijing-1 HJ-1-A HJ-1-B CBERS-2 CBERS-2B CBERS-3 CBERS-4

2011

30--32

GERMANY (COMMERCIA

36--39 RUSSIA

JAPAN THAILAND SINGAPORE KOREA

TAIWAN

MALYASIA SOUTH AFRIC SPAIN

ALGERIA NIGERIA TURKEY UK

THAILAND

VIETNAM UK

RADAR

CANADA

CHINA ESA

INDIA

JAPAN

15

DMC SSTL

Spatial Coverage

Landsat

ASTER, SPOT 1&2

QuickBird

IKONOS

OrbView-3

16

17