South China University of Technology
Ideal and the ideal city traffic Young students of Guangzhou on the ideal and the ideal city traffic survey report
Main participant: Professor Tang Liming Other participants: Dou Feiyu LI Ling Luo Zongyu Liu Mengting 2010-11-09
Abstract: Youth is the future of our human beings, their views for ideal city traffic and the ideal city relate to the future. The authors for the survey aim at young students in Guangzhou as our investigation, And the investigation contains the present traffic and the present urban environment of Guangzhou, and investigate their transport and for the ideals and expectations of the description of the ideal city. Keywords: Ideal city, Ideal traffics, Survey, Guangzhou
Catalog 1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
Background of the Investigation ...................................................................................... 4 The survey briefing .............................................................................................................. 4 Survey Results and Analysis ............................................................................................ 5 3.1 The ideal traffic................................................................................................................. 5 3.1.1 the main problems of Guangzhou traffic ........................................................... 5 3.1.2 Establishment of an ideal method of transport system ................................... 6 3.1.3 Tendecy of transportation modes of Young students ..................................... 7 3.1.4 Factors the get influence at transportation choice ............................................ 8 3.1.5 The attitude toward bicycles and cars ............................................................... 9 3.2 The Ideal City.................................................................................................................. 10 3.2.1 The Features of Guangzhou City .................................................................. 10 3.2.2 The image of Ideal city....................................................................................... 11 3.2.3 Construction of the factors that affect the ideal city ................................... 12 3.2.4 the material conditions of urban life factors .................................................... 13 3.2.5 Urban environment factors ................................................................................ 14 3.2.6 Economic development factors ........................................................................ 15 3.2.7 Social and cultural factors ................................................................................. 15 3.2.8 expectations of the ideal city............................................................................. 16 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 16 4.1 vision of the ideal traffic ........................................................................................ 16 The evaluation..................................................................................................................... 17
1. Background of the Investigation "Traffic jam, the National 33, the limitation of housepurchase, fog and haze ‌‌" As traffic problems highlighted in today's urban environment and social development has become the focus of the city. Exactly what mode of transportation and transportation planning is reasonable, is there a universal solution to urban traffic problems? A variety of perspectives emerge, and then bring our overall reflection on urban issues. "Guangzhou" as one of China's three major cities, the development of urban areas in the country is nearly the best but there still exist urban development issues, so a comprehension study of Guangzhou can be a good representation of China cities. We hope that through this investigation, from the youth survey objects with certain professional knowledge at city level can perspective in Guangzhou urban transport issues such as urban development problems, and to understand the minds of young people towards the ideal of the ideal city traffic and expectations.
2. The survey briefing The survey distributed primarily through a combination of questionnaire and interview methods, Guangzhou City, 20-26 years (mainly in this age range, there are a few outside this age range) of young students in the school. The survey contains content to conduct basic information and other three parts: The traffic and life situation of Guangzhou, the depict of ideal traffic and ideal city. Our major survey of the status quo to complete interviews and subjective questions, so that the interviewers can answer the questions without limitation, to express currently living status in Guangzhou and the various views of traffic problems, and this part indirectly reflects the concerns of the respondents about urban transportation and life. And the ideal and the ideal city traffic mainly completed through the multiple-choice aat the questionnaire . The research process is divided into two stages, first we conducted the subjective questions and random interviews as pre-survey, then to revised questionnaire to conduct a comprehensive investigation. The survey questionnaires were send out 70, 62 were returned, with valid questionnaires of which 60, 2 copies of invalid questionnaires.
3. Survey Results and Analysis 3.1 the ideal traffic Traffic as an important source of carbon emissions in our cities, currently all among china the construction of eco-city urban and sustainable development aim mainly at reducing carbon emissions from transport. At the same time, urbanization has brought rapid population expansion, urban traffic congestion has become an important factor in urban development problems. In Guangzhou, the present traffic problem status, for the expectations at the development of low-carbon green modes of transportation, how to combine the low carbon way of life without inconvenience, what factors will limit our current development of low-carbon transport as a major one. . . . . . To this part of the idea of doing the survey, the following analysis: 3.1.1 the main problems of Guangzhou traffic The survey found that the views of the complaint focused on the subway, BRT, buses and other public transport, which have close relation to the way students of daily travel. Young students surveyed primarily trip on foot within range of one kilometer. Everyday short trips by bus and subway is a main choice, and occasionally on emergency they will choose the high cost of a taxi ride, only a few local students have comment to the car travel in Guangzhou. Most people think that the coverage of the Guangzhou subway is wide enough , and convenient. The majority of respondents in Guangzhou praise the efforts made by public transportation system, but many investigators believe that the Guangzhou Metro lines are a bit complex and crowded at peak time of work day and holidays. Barrier-free design lacks, few persons with disabilities travel by subway. Fare is too expensive, many respondents complained about price of the subway. About the bus, some young students prefer that they will by bus when the traveling time in half-hour, the respondents generally felt that the environment, the connection between forms of transportation need more effect on them. What’s more the attitude of the bus driver need urgent improvement, and should pay attention to driving ethics. And the number of thief, the lack of security of property...... such problems should be solved. In addition, about the construction of the BRT system in Guangzhou,
many people think that the construction of BRT did not consider the non-motor vehicle access, and the security of platform design is not high enough. There are also a taxi cab difficult problem. Survey respondents satisfied with the Guangzhou subway, BRT, bus-building efforts, but a general response that the main lines of the bus, subway have serious shortage of capacity, and the price is high but with poor services. Survey reflect that the complaint mainly focused on short-haul transportation, not that much at long-distance travel. Some respondents talked about the trains and planes in Guangzhou, they mainly complained about the departure frequency of the train and the price of the plane travel. In response to "What other cities have done better that worth learning of Guangzhou,". Beijing,Shanghai,Hangzhou are on the list, some even mention foreign cities such as San Francisco, Paris, London,. 3.1.2 Establishment of an ideal method of transport system what's the imperative way of founding the ideal transpotation？ 30 25
New technology 交通新技术
20
城市规划新理念 New planning concept
15 10 5
Funds 资金投入 Renew of laws 相关法律法规 Transportation planning 道路交通规划 Others 其他
0
Figure Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-1
Research found that young students have traffic problems, and not too many legal issues involved, funding is not the key to solve the traffic problem, but
should adopt a new concept of urban planning, transport technologies and new methods of road traffic planning, and ultimately these three areas is to design and technology. In other words, young students that the ideal urban transport depends largely on the establishment of design standards and the level of technological development.
3.1.3 Tendecy of transportation modes from Young students On survey of the future transportation forms, the choice of travel mode in
decreasing in order of "Subway - Bus - Car - Bike - Walk," and 5 / 6 of the respondents believe that the metro will become the main way of transportation in the future, and close to the 5 / 6 of the respondents think that the bus will become one of the major modes of transportation. And the results Coincide With the praise at the efforts about public transportation. Respondents think that the future emergence of new types of transportation forms is at low possibility, reflecting the confidence that the youth get at the development for the city subway, buses. However, although the respondents think that public transportation will be the main way to travel but life still cannot do without cars - 41% of respondents consider car as their main forms of transport in the future. Which transportation forms may become prevalent in Guangzhou in the future? 60
Cars 小汽车
Bus 公交车
40
Bikes 自行车
Metro 地铁
30
Rolla 轮滑
Battery-bike 电瓶车
20
Walking 步行
PRT PRT
10
Space shuttle 空中穿梭机
Others 其他
50
s
0
Figure Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-2
3.1.4
Factors the get influence at transportation
choice
Imperative factor that make you choose a form of transportation 25 20
所需时间 Time
15
成本价格 Price 舒适性 Comfort
10
便捷性 Convenience
5
安全性 Safety
0 1
Others 其他
Figure Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-3 Second imperative factor that make you choose a form of transportation 25
Time 所需时间
20
Price 成本价格
15
Comfort 舒适性
10 5
Convenience 便捷性
0
Safety 安全性 1
Others 其他
Figure Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-4 The results show factors influence the respondents in choosing ways of transportation are mainly at efficiency level(convenience, time) and safety factors are on the second consideration, the requirement for comfort is not strong. From the table three the survey of main affecting factors we find out that people consider time factor as the most important factor when choosing the ways of transportation.
3.1.5 The attitude toward bicycles and cars Traffic jam at big cities in China is a serious problem, and young students have cars on the attitude of the statistical findings are as follows: Attitude towards cars 30 25 20
Already have cars 现已经拥有小汽车 Buy cars depends on hobbies. 个人喜好以后肯定会购买小汽车
15
Buy cars depends on needs. 看情况而定，如果需要就会购买 10 5
I refuse cars. 应该不会购买
0
60 people surveyed except 5 who already have car possession, almost all respondents
consider themselves to buy cars for some reason. nearly half of these people consider hobby as reason, half of the demand for future consideration. In other words, 47% of the surveyed will have a car in future, basically no one refuse car possession. This result shows that young students for the purchase of car to meet their own needs, so we can predict in a short future the growing of cars will not stop.
Imperative factor for using bicycle in Guangzhou Continuous bicycle network 络 Shadow enough for 荫蔽的自行车出行环 bicycle
50
不受干扰的自行车网
40
境 Safety design for 安全的自行车过街设
30
road-crossing
20
施 Convenient connection with 与其他交通方式的安
10
全接驳 Beautiful 优美的周边风景
other transportation
0
landscape
Figure Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-5 As the main low-carbon transport mode, bicycle is popular in a lot of cities, some of them even set up greenway systems, but the attitude which regard bicycles as the main transport tools have not been accepted by the most. From the research result, we found that a lot of students think that the design of the roads are not suitable for bicycle-ridding, such as the Guangzhou BRT. The young students think that the reason why they don’t chose bicycles to be the main transport tool is that there is no comprehensive bicycle roads in the whole city and it is difficult to connect with other transport systems.
3.2
The Ideal City
3.2.1 The Features of Guangzhou City The respondents are satisfied with the material conditions of life, city information exchange, employment opportunities, services, industry, service quality (ranked from largest to smallest) in Guangzhou. Most respondents generally agreed that Guangzhou's food catering, clothing and electronics industries is better than many other major cities in the country, the material conditions are well-developed and the business climate is good. What’s more, Guangzhou’s location is closed to Hong Kong and Macao, which is good for international contacts and exchange of information frequently, people here can get jobs easily. There are a small part of the respondents believed that the service attitude is relatively good. The respondents were dissatisfied with the transport condition, price level, climate and environment, social cultural and environment, social welfare in
Guangzhou. They believe that the traffic jam is serious in Guangzhou, sht social security is not good enough, and there is a lack of urban character,. On the inclusiveness part, some respondents believed that the city of Guangzhou is not inclusive of outsiders, while some respondents are in the opposite view. In the course of life satisfaction survey, the authors found that the most respondents are focuse on material life, transportation, climate and environment, development opportunities, social and cultural atmosphere, etc., rarely talked about the deep-seated social and economic content. We think that the reason may be the limitation of the respondents.
3.2.2 The image of Ideal city
Figure 3-7 ideal city image 1
Figure 3-8 ideal city image 2
Figure 3-9 ideal city image 3
Figure 3-10 ideal city image 4
Which image is the closest to ur ideal form of city? 25 20 15 10 5 0
Image 1 形态一 Image 2 形态二 Image 3 形态三 1
Image 4 形态四
Figure Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-6 The survey found that the ideal city in the respondents’ eye do not care about the density of buildings, but they think that the FAR is considered, it can not be too high or too low. Respondents would prefer to live in modern buildings and modern skyscrapers rather than to live in sparsely populated areas, the authors suspect that the young respondents are unbearable to loneliness and even big cities are in the current environmental problems. Select the form number two and three patterns accounted for 70% of the total number of respondents, the main reaction of these two forms is the historical and cultural heritage of the town and a pleasant living environment with better conditions of rural areas, and other material conditions for and few factors.
3.2.3 Construction of the factors that affect the ideal city Imperative factor for consturcting a ideal city 25 20
Geography locations 地理区位
15
Physical condition 物质条件
10 5
Eco-system 生态环境 Economy development 经济发展 社会文化 Social development
0
Figure Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-7
Socend imperative factor for consturcting a ideal city 16 14
地理区位 Geography locations
12 物质条件 Physical condition
10
生态环境 Eco-system
8 6
经济发展 Economy development
4
社会文化 Social development
2 0
Figure Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-8 The rank of the factors which affect the respondents’ construction of ideal city : geographic location - ecological - economic development - social and cultural material conditions. Geographical location is superior at least shows that the potential for urban development and the opportunities for development is the base of city development.
3.2.4 the material conditions of urban life factors Imperative physical factor for consturcting a ideal city 25 20 15
Environment 城市生态环境 住房条件 Housing condition
Transportation condition 交通条件 10 5
Traveling sources 旅游资源 城市公共配套设施 Public facilities
0
Figure Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-9
Socend imperative physical factor for consturcting a ideal city 25
Environment 城市生态环境
20
Housing condition 住房条件
15
Transportation condition 交通条件
10
Traveling sources 旅游资源
5
Public facilities 城市公共配套设施
0
Figure Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-10 There are almost no respondents believe that the tourism resources in the city is in an important position. While most respondents believed that urban ecological environment is the most important factor in material conditions, but combine with the second rank we find that 63% of the respondents chose housing conditions, which indicates that the current requirement of young people in the material conditions is the strong housing demand. Based on the above two, the young students ‘ main concerns are living environment and housing condition.
3.2.5 Urban environment factors Imperative eco-factor for consturcting a ideal city 50 40
人工绿化 Man-made green space
30
Human density 人口密度
20
自然生态条件 Natural environment
10
气候 Climate
0
Figure 3 16 In the sort of ecological factors of the natural environmental conditions ,the respondents focus on the reform of the natural environment. From this result, we think that the good environment of a city is a great advantage and the developing of a city should avoid of harming.
3.2.6 Economic development factors Imperative economy factor for consturcting a ideal city 50
Probable income distribution 收入分配
40 30
Good social relief 社会保障与福利
20
Economy development 经济发展速度
10
Employment condition 就业水平
0
Figure 3 17 The survey result shows that the young students care about the social welfare and income distribution most. 40% of the respondents believe that social welfare is the key part of the economic factors, which can even be regarded as the basic of the economic development.
3.2.7 Social and cultural factors Imperative social factor for constructing a ideal city 30
History and civilization 文化历史
25
Dialect 地方方言
20
Citizen quality 市民素质
15
Social atmosphere 社会风气
10
Sense of belonging 城市归属感
5
Inclusion of immigrants 城市包容性
0
Figure 3 18 The establishment of the ideal city is inseparable from the city's historical and cultural specificity, so we should respect the history of the city, protect and preserve the historic look of great importance for the cultural history of the city and establish a business card. In the survey, 21% believe that history and culture is an important part of social culture, otherwise the quality of the people (18.3%) and the social trends (18%) is also an important content. Therefore, the spirit promoting of a city is also an important role in the formation.
3.2.8 expectations of the ideal city How long Guangzhou will become the ideal city in ur mind? 16 14 12 10 8 6
5-10 years 5-10年 10-20 years 10-20年 20-30 years 20-30年 30-50 years 30-50年
4
50-100 years 50-100年
2
Never!! 永远不会达到这个状态
0
Figure 3 19 Half of the respondents think that within three years will be to achieve this goal.
4. Conclusion 4.1 vision of the ideal traffic In the ideal transportation construction, young students think that the subway and buses will become the main urban transportation tool, but most of them still have the aspiration to buy their own cars. They think that the way to solve the traffic jam problem is to renew the planning methods and make the connection between two transportation systems, the new technologies should also be thought about. The ideal image of the future transportation system is that people can take public transportation tools easily, and there are great connections between different transportation systems, the transportation lines of public transportation is clear and convenient, the cost of using public transport tool is small... ...In order to create a smooth, convenient, affordable and safe transportation travel environment. 4.2 vision of the ideal city The young students believe that the city's geographical location is very important, followed by the environment, living conditions, history and culture, social trends and other factors. They think that the ideal city should be superior geographic located, the transportation situation is relatively convenient, be in a good ecological
environment, the pace of life in the city is relatively slow, and in a low-volume rates and convenient living environment.
5. The evaluation Because that the majority of the survey respondents are students, whose knowledge of social issues is not enough, imitations are unavoidable.