An international research: Who is involved?
A network of researchers led by the IVM’s Chairs (China, Latin America, France), with La Fabrique de la Cité, headed by Jean-Pierre Orfeuil, professor at the Paris Institute of Urban Design (Paris-East Créteil University), Chairman of the Science and Strategy Council of the City on the Move Institute and member of the Scientific Committee of La Fabrique de la Cité.
More than one year of research : What is it for? An international conference in spring of 2012, in Paris: With an exposition, documentaries films, debates, multimedia participation… In partnership with : La Cité de l’architecture et du patrimoine, la Fédération nationale des agences d’urbanisme, la Région Île-deFrance…
The lead researchers for each city Barcelona : Carles Llop, architect, winner of the European Grand Prix for urban design for Spain and Catalonia.Professor at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Curator of IVM’s “El carrer és nostre... de tots!” Exhibition in Barcelona. David Balbás Alonso, architect. Member of the consultative committee on mobility at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and technical coordinator of the “mobility plans” for two of its campus sites. Member of the Escola d’Arquitectura del Valles (Barcelona). Buenos Aires: Andrés Borthagaray, Director of the City of Buenos Aires Strategic Planning Council, Director of IVM-Latin America. São Paulo: Marcos Rodrigues, engineer, Professor in the Department of Transportation at São Paulo University. Rio de Janeiro: Margareth Pereira da Silva, architect, Research Director at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and curator of IVM’s “A rua é nossa... é de todos nós !” Exhibition in Rio de Janeiro. Santiago de Chile: Oscar Figueroa, urbanist and economist, Professor at the Catholic University of Chile and member of the IVM-Latin America academic chair. Rosanna Forray, architect, Professor at the Catholic University of Chile, member of the IVM-Latin America academic chair, curator of IVM’s “La calle es nuestra... de todos !” Exhibitioin. Shanghai: Pan Haixiao, Professor of Transportation Planning and engineer, Professor at Tongji University and Director of IVM-China. Zhuo Jian, architect and urbanist, Tongji University, curator of the “The street belongs to all of us!” Exhibitionin Beijing and Shanghai. Beijing: Liu Jian, architect and urbanist, Tsinghua University School of Architecture in Beijing and member of the IVM-China academic chair. Bogotá: Isabel Arteaga, los Andes University, chief curator of the “La calle es nuestra... de todos !” Exhibition in Bogotá. Juan Pablo Bocarejo, engineer, Los Andes de Bogotá University. Dubai : Yasser Elsheshtawy, Professeur d’architecture et d’urbanisme à l’université Al-AIN aux Emirats Arabes Unis. Paris IDF: Jean–Pierre Orfeuil, engineer, Professor at the Paris Institute of Urban Design, Paris-East University, Chairman of IVM’s Science and Strategy Council, scientific director of the conference of the three chairs. Mathieu Flonneau, historian, associate professor at Paris I University. Mexico: Alicia Ziccardi, sociologist, Research Professor at the Social Research Institute at the Autonomous National University of Mexico. Bernardo Navarro Benítez, Research Professor in Territorial Planning at the Xochimilco Autonomous Metropolitan University. Lima: Juan Carlos Dextre, Pontifical University of Peru, chief curator of “La calle es nuestra... de todos !” in Lima. …
An international research about:
What is it that drives public action on urban mobility and on the city?
Researchers of more than 10 cities focused on: A common goal: To identify the reasons and the processes underlying public mobility policies. A common question: How urban policies are made? Is it a question of dreams? Of values? Of interests?..., Why does a mobility policy come to be set in one particular way rather than another?
Research focuses 1. 2. 3.
4.
Case studies of governance problems associated with mobility An analysis of the context of each city Surveys on dreams about mobility and the city among the future professional and political elites of the different cities “Amazement reports� (exchanges between researchers)
Research questions
Specific questions related to 3 types of factors in public policy making: 1. Who are the actors involved in public policy making? Which role are the stakeholders playing? Who are the groups who succeed to set problems on the media and political agenda ? 2. What are the representations and values in public policy making? How mobility policies are rooted in societies’ norms and values? How do the systems of reference influence decision makers and the debates ? What role does the international circulation of innovations play? 3. What kind of projects are considered as a priority in public policy making? Which situation of mobility is a recurrent problem but which is not a priority? What are the controversies that lead to the selection of some projects ?
How do the debates change the position and the decision of each stakeholder?
Examples of Case studies 1. Who are the actors involved in public policy making? Santiago de Chili: The implementation of a BRT, called “Transsantiago�, causes a serious political crisis. Why? An answer is that the process was done without consultation of the people (the inhabitants affected by the project), without the participation of all the stakeholders (urbanists, population, architects, local political leaders etc.).
Mexico city: The implementation of the Line 3 of the Metrobus (BRT) was made in a very diferent way than for the others lines : non-traditional social stakeholders were involved in the decisionmaking from the beginning. Their positions differ from the traditional stakeholders and they influence the choice of the project.
Examples of Case studies 2. What are the representations and values in public policy making? Rio de Janeiro: Big events (Olympics, World Cup) have a driving role in the implementation of new transportation systems. The choices of new infrastructures are made in relation to specific visions of the city. These visions are concurrent and present opposed values (for ex. : to improve the business city or the social equality in the city?). Paris: There is a Paris Transport Plan that aims to drive the car out of Paris. This radical policy needs to be justified: for instance, it can be done in the name of a better quality of life, of the winning back of public space…? Buenos Aires : Buenos Aires introduces a “vélib’” type bike hire system in a wealthy area of the city. But disadvantaged populations already use bicycle by necessity. What is the point to introduce this system? Is it a question of international fashion, of image (a european city)?
Examples of Case studies 3. What kind of projects are considered as a priority in public policy
making and which are not? What are the controversies that lead to selection of some projects ?
Lima : There is a high pedestrian mortality in an urban area of the Carretera Central. Why aren’t the authorities doing anything?
Bogota: Bogota doesn’t have metro, but there is a recurring controversy about implementating a metro system. Why the anti-metro stakholders “win” in the policy decision?
São Paulo: The issue of congestion is recurrent. What is the history of the debates to reduce its effects and choose a solution for it?
The 12 of july 2012 : Where are we now? • In process: 50% of analysis of the context of esach city, 70% of case studies, surveys about dream city with students. • On the collaborative platform www.movemaking.com : Several analysis published about the general context of the city Various case studies published Results from workshops and surveys on dreams about mobility and the city among students.
What do the world’s students dream of? Who is part of this project? Researchers in partnership with students of urban planning, architecture, transport engineering etc. in cities all over the world : Eindhoven, Daegu, Beijing, Buenos Aires, Bogotá, Barcelona, Paris …
What do the world’s students dream of? What is its goal ?
To discover the visions of these particular students as they will likely be tomorrow’s professional or decisionmaking elites who will inform the city we are living in.
To compare the values that emerge from the students visions with the current values which have emerged from the current professional or political elite: are they more or less alike or different? Can we speak about a change of global representation?
Dreams and visions in Bogota – virtual postcards • About 50 first and second year students in architecture and urbanism, in University of Los Andes and School of architecture. • Activity to produce virtual postcards, in response to the question: « How do you imagine the future of ideal mobility in Bogota? Express in a postcard yours fears, desires about it and its city ».
Dreams and visions in Bogota – virtual postcards Futugota city: « We believe that to be sustainable in relation to space, you need to use air-space, multi-level public transportation. We can also obseve that there are several levels of the streets and cars in the air ».
Dreams and visions in Barcelona – videos and postcards •
60 students, from first to last year, in architecture and urbanism.
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Volunteer work to produce videos or virtual postcards about one of these topics: ideal city, ideal transportation system, mythical city, change the city, change the mobility.
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A special day of presentation of results, with students and commentators (architects, urban planners…).
Dreams and visions in Barcelona
http://vimeo.com/24562581
http://vimeo.com/24955406
http://vimeo.com/24559955
Paris ‘s survey : dream city •
73 first and second year Masters Degree students in urbanism, and in transport and mobility, at the Paris Institute of Urban Planning Paris.
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They were asked to describe in a few pages their personal vision of the dream city in 2030.
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An qualitative analysis about: values, urban forms, conception of mobility and transportation systems.
Main values in the dream city 1.
The environmental priority Either as a constraint or as a strong aspiration to a quality of life and to community.
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Social justice Ex.: public transportation fares should be proportional to income.
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An city interdependent and open to the world: Ex.: International mobility needs to be protected; local periurban agriculture etc.
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Community spirit: The neighbourhood must be a place of living and belonging. “The city must offer the same sens of community as the rural village”.
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The future of public space: shared, enjoyed, comfortable. “The city needs to be welcoming and lively, and to give a sense of freedom. Welcoming in its capacity to create bonds between people, through the warmth of the public street furniture. Lively through the presence of attractive and stimulating colours.”
To conlude : Pierre Lannoy’s first feedback
1. 2. 3. 4.
80 students from Bogota, Barcelona and Paris share key points: Sustainable development, an unquestionable slogan. The criticism of the role played by the car. Belief in public and hybrid transport (private cars in communal use: small cars, bicycle sharing, etc.) Belief in proximity, density, multifunctionality, intermodality in the city.
Thank you ! xièxie !
Gaëlle Rony : gaelle.rony@vilmouv.com